Diffuse matrix damage in rat cortical bone has been observed to self‐repair efficiently in 2 weeks without activating bone remodeling, and unlike the case with linear cracks, the local osteocytes at the sites of diffuse damage remain healthy. However, the reason(s) for such high efficiency of matrix repair remains unclear. We hypothesized that transport of minerals and other compounds essential for damage repair is enhanced at the damaged sites and further increased by the application of tensile loading. To test our hypothesis, diffuse damage was introduced in notched bovine wafers under cyclic tensile loading and unloading. Using the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) approach, we measured the transport of a small fluorescent tracer (sodium fluorescein, 376 Da) in damaged versus undamaged regions and under varying tensile load magnitudes (0.2 N, 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N), which corresponded to nominal strains of 12.5, 625, 1,250, and 1,875 microstrains, respectively. We found a 37% increase in transport of fluorescein in damaged regions relative to undamaged regions and a further ∼18% increase in transport under 20 N and 30 N tension compared to the non‐loaded condition, possibly due to the opening of the cracking surfaces. The elevated transport of minerals and other adhesive proteins may, at least partially, account for the highly effective repair of diffuse damage observed in vivo. Clinical Significance: Diffuse damage adversely affects bone's fracture resistance and this study provided quantitative data on elevated transport, which may be involved in repairing diffuse damage in vivo. 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:692–698, 2018.


Many fluvial rivers in southern China are anabranched river pattern and most of them have been studied. But the multiple channel fluvial system on the delta plain of the Ganjiang River differs from the anabranched river pattern. The multiple channel system formed spontaneously. It was not controlled by rocky or man made nodes whereas the anabranched river was. The multiple channel system belongs to anastomosing fluvial pattern because it has the basic characteristics of anastomosing fluvial pattern in geomorphology and sedimentology such as the small channel width/depth ratio, low channel gradient, cohesive fine graind levees, interchannel wetlands and floodplains, etc. Although the Ganjiang River has low concentration of sediment, its flood plains or interchannel lands have similar sedimentary rate to that of the channels due to the import and aggradation of suspended sediment carrying by the frequent overbank flow during flood periods. The fine grain sediment of the levees that has high cohesive intensity maintains the channel stability.


Abstract The Primary Years Programme (PYP) is an integral component of the International Baccalaureate Programme. Initiated in 1997 for youth ages 3-12, the international curriculum focuses on the whole child, with emphasis on social, emotional, physical, cultural, and academic areas. PYP combines the best of research and practice through engaging and relevant learning experiences. This article presents findings from a survey of accredited PYP schools and discusses the applicability of the PYP to gifted education.


The paper analyzes the potential safety hazards in the railway transportation of dangerous goods from the aspects of personnel competence,transportation vehicles,transportation management,and accident rescue,etc.,and then proposes the corresponding countermeasures.


A second order time series model is described, and generalized to the multivariate situation. The model is highly flexible, and is suitable for non-parametric regression, coming with unequal time steps. The resulting K-matrix is described, leading to its possible factorization and differentiation using general purpose software that was recently developed. This makes it possible to estimate variance matrices in the multivariate model corresponding the signal and noise components of the model, by restricted maximum likelihood. A nested iteration algorithm is presented for conducting the maximization, and an illustration of the methods are demonstrated on a 4-variate time series with 89 observations.


The current observational activities are centered on the development of a network of observatories, telescopes and collaborators with the widest possible geographical distribution. Due to the typical short duration of the observability window of NEOs, especially for objects in an impact trajectory, the capability of quick reaction to an event can be achieved only if resources at different longitudes and latitudes can be activated within a timespan of a few hours at most. In order to reach this global coverage, ESA is pursuing a variety of approaches. First of all, we have access to some telescopes that are directly owned and controlled by ESA. Among these assets is ESA's Optical Ground Station (OGS), a 1 m telescope in Tenerife, Canary Island, and ESA's Test-Bed Telescopes (TBTs), two smaller wide-field telescopes to which we have continuous access, one of which is currently operational in mainland Spain, while the other is in the process of being installed on La Silla, Chile. To supplement ESA's own telescopes, the Program actively finances and supports other observatories in Europe, by awarding contracts to the telescope operators in exchange for observational opportunities and data. With this mode of operation, we currently support the observational activities of telescopes in Spain, Czech Republic and Germany, with planned extensions to other ESA countries. Additionally, we routinely obtain access to other telescopes worldwide via traditional scientific proposals, and/or direct agreements between ESA and other international agencies. An agreement with the European Southern Observatory (ESO) allows us to get access to ESO's VLT for deep imaging of faint NEOs, while approved proposals or established scientific collaborations with other telescopes worldwide give us additional coverage to longitude and latitude ranges outside direct European access.


In the algorithm selection problem, where the task is to identify the most suitable solving technique for a particular situation, most methods used as performance mapping mechanisms have been relatively simple models such as logistic regression or neural networks. In the latter case, most implementations tend to have a shallow and straightforward architecture and, thus, exhibit a limited ability to extract relevant patterns. This research explores the use of attention-based neural networks as meta-learners to improve the performance mapping mechanism in the algorithm selection problem and fully take advantage of the model's capabilities for pattern extraction. We compare the proposed use of an attention-based meta-learner method as a performance mapping mechanism against five models from the literature: multi-layer perceptron, k-nearest neighbors, softmax regression, support vector machines, and decision trees. We used a meta-data dataset obtained by solving the vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTW) instances contained in the Solomon benchmark with three different configurations of the simulated annealing meta-heuristic for testing purposes. Overall, the attention-based meta-learner model yields better results when compared to the other benchmark methods in consistently selecting the algorithm that best solves a given VRPTW instance. Moreover, by significantly outperforming the multi-layer perceptron, our findings suggest promising potential in exploring more recent and novel advancements in neural network architectures.


For the first time female circumcision is being cited as grounds for a plea for asylum in the US. Lydia Oluloro a native of Nigeria came to Oregon in 1986 on a 1-year tourist visa and a 2 American-born daughters. Oluloro argues that her relatives in Nigeria have informed her that her daughters must undergo circumcision upon the familys return to avoid shunning. Although the Nigerian Government maintains that female genital mutilation is optional a report issued by the US State Department indicates that this procedure is almost universal in the predominantly Christian area of southern Nigeria to which Oluloro would return. Oluloro has gained support in her fight for asylum from US feminists and human rights advocates.


Thanks to resent achievements in the Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) lithography was built new type of electron devices: vacuum field emission nanodiode and nanodiode and nanotriode. Nanodiode and nanotriode have cathode about 2 nm in diameter, anode current 10 nA and gate potential 10 V. These devices display new quatnum properties. In the paper of Driscill-Smith et al was experimentally displayed series of the interference oscillation in the transconductance of nanotriode by linear chaging of the gate potential. The model of quantum potential box used by the authors of the work has does not explain the effect. In the present paper is made an attempt to explain the properties of nanotriode by means of the quansi-classical eikonal method and the diffraction theory. Simultaneously it is suggested to change the parameters of the nanotriode to display clearer quantum properties.


A space X is said to be star-σ-countably compact if for every open cover U of X, there exists a σ-countably compact subset C of X such that St(C, U) = X. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between star-σ-countably compact spaces and other related spaces and also study the topological properties of star-σ-countably compact spaces.


Friendship-and-love expresses musings about well-being—while the object of the musings, i.e., "well-being," is the economist's substantive satisfaction. Insofar as altruism is about well-being and not the musings, it cannot be subsumed under friendship-and-love. However, what is the basis of the difference between the economist's substantive satisfaction and friendship-and-love? The answer can be found in Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, chapter 2: how "mutual sympathy" differs from substantive satisfaction. Smith scholars generally miss the uniqueness of "mutual sympathy" and, indeed, fold it under Smith's "sympathy" (and "empathy")—with one exception. Robert Sugden highlights the uniqueness of mutual sympathy. However, he goes to the other end, that is, he folds Smith's sympathy-and-empathy under mutual sympathy. This paper aims to avoid the folding in either direction. Indeed, it argues that each fellow-feeling deals with a question that is orthogonal to the other. Mutual sympathy originates love-based sociality (friendship-and-love), which can be juxtaposed to interest-based sociality, i.e., substantive satisfaction, such as altruism. These genera of sociality are about the nature of satisfaction or preferences, and hence in contrast to sympathy-and-empathy that are basically about judgments. As judgments, sympathy-and-empathy are ultimately about the nature of decision making, irrespective of whether the decisions concerning love-based or interest-based preferences.


We have been developed a new fabrication process of Josephson junction series array (JJA) by using reactive ion etching (RIE) and a self-aligning technique. A plasma nitridation process is also employed in improving the microwave transmission characteristics by blocking the O/sub 2/ from diffusing into the Nb ground-plane by depositing SiO/sub 2/ dielectric layer using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at substrate temperature of 300/spl deg/C.


It is expounded that at present,especially under the special circumstances of global financial crisis,the teaching of the ideological and political theory courses presents a lot of new situation,new contradictions and new problems.It is pointed out that leading group psychological consultation appropriately brought into the teaching of the ideological and political theory courses can facilitate the realization of its teaching goal,reform of teaching method,the consolidation of teaching result and improvement of teaching efficiency.


An 80-year-old woman presented with 2 days of progressive quadriparesis, difficulty voiding, and fever. She had received acupuncture in the cervical and lumbar regions for 5 days beginning a week before. Whole-spine MRI showed multiple epidural abscesses at levels C3-C7, L3-L5, and L5-S1 (figure). Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered, and the abscesses were surgically drained. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Single epidural abscesses after acupuncture have been reported, but multiple abscesses due to acupuncture are extremely rare.1,2


Since the invention of VECSELs, vast spectral coverage has been demonstrated with emission wavelengths in the range from the UV to almost the MIR. Accordingly, a great variety of different quantum well and quantum dot gain designs have been applied so far to achieve such versatility. A novel gain design for GaAs based VECSELs emitting at wavelengths >1.2 μm employs type-II quantum wells, which exhibit spatially indirect charge-carrier recombination. The first VECSEL based on such a design has been demonstrated very recently. Our device consists of ten (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As heterostructures arranged as a resonant periodic gain. We summarize the development of this pioneering structure and discuss the fundamental laser characteristics, such as carrier densities, gain temperatures and slope efficiency. Remarkable output powers up to 4 W are demonstrated in multi-transverse mode operation at 1.2 μm. Also, the performance in TEM00 operation is investigated, with an M2 < 1.13. One major difference to conventional type-I gain structures is a characteristic blue shift of the material gain. Due to the importance of the detuning in quantum well based surface-emitters, the blue shift has to be considered as a critical designing parameter. Hence, we carry out a detuning study in order to determine an optimal detuning. As an important part of the optimization, the experimental results are compared with fully microscopic simulations.


Abstract New hatchery management strategies in the Columbia River Basin focus on conservation of naturally spawning populations as an equal priority to providing fish for harvest—a difficult halance to achieve. The Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) assessed 178 hatchery programs and 351 salmonid populations to determine how to achieve managers' goals for conservation and sustainable fisheries. Modeling determined the best strategy, using an approach based on best available science, goal identification, scientific defensibility, and adaptive management to refocus from an aquaculture paradigm to a renewable natural resource paradigm. We concluded that hatcheries and natural populations must be managed with the same biological principles. HSRG solutions improved the conservation status of many populations (25% for steelhead trout, more than 70% for Chinook and coho salmons) while also providing increased harvest. Natural-origin steelhead trout and coho salmon spawners increased by 6,000 to 10,000; Chin...


The estimation of process parameters and process time delay can be achieved simultaneonsly by applying a general model and a general prediction theory.On this basis,an optimal prediction algorithm of self-tuning pole assignment PID controller that overcomes time-varying fractional delay is presented in this paper.Computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithm possesses better robustness.Using this algorithm,the influence of time-varying parameters and fractional time delay can be reduced.


Valets of emperors in Jin Dynasty Intervened in politics by collecting information,conveying instructions and undertaking tasks from emperors.Prime ministers made friends with valets.At the same time,they struggled with valets.In this process.The powers of valets were increasing.Emperors maintained close relationship with valets,so valets took advantage of support of emperors to expand power.Therefore,power expansion of valets is a manifestation of the strengthening of power of emperors.In a word,valets intervening in politics depend on trust and support of emperors in Jin Dynasty.


Many companies that buy machines, parts, or tools retain documents such as notes, receipts, forms, or instruction manuals over the years, and they may find themselves in need of digitizing these accumulated documents. Thus, when using optical character recognition (OCR) systems in these documents, it is possible to note that these systems can present two main difficulties. The first is to locate the sparse text in a noncontinuous way, and the second is to match words that are closer to codes and less to words in human language. Although there are many works in the literature about sparse texts, such as forms and tables, there is usually not much concern about the issue with codes in which one can not rely on dictionaries or even both problems together. Therefore, to correct this issue without having to search for extensive databases or conduct training and development of new models, this work proposed to take advantage of pre-trained models of OCR such as from the Tesseract engine or the Google Cloud's Vision API. In order to do so, we proposed the exploration of combination strategies, including a new one based on median string. The experimental results achieved up to 3.09% improvement in character accuracy and 1.16% in word accuracy in comparison to the best individual performances from the engines when our method based on string combination was adopted.


PURPOSE: This study examined whether the use of trekking poles alters metabolic cost in steep hiking by novice hikers and whether the response would be dependent on the grade of the terrain. METHODS: Twelve participants completed two trekking trials (with poles [WP] and without trekking poles [NP]) with round trips comprising three grades: 7.0 ± 0.7°, 12.9 ± 0.7°, and 18.8 ± 1.3°) over a steep mountain at self-paced speeds. During the trials, time spent for trekking (TT), oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and step frequency (Sf) were measured, and step efficiency (Se) and oxygen pulse (OP) were calculated. RESULTS: TT tended to be longer in the WP than NP for both terrains (P < 0.05). HR, VO2, and RPE were the same for the WP and NP. Sf was lower in WP going uphill (P < 0.05) but was unchanged going downhill. Se in the WP was higher than in the NP for both terrains (P < 0.01). When analyzed by slope, VO2 during uphill at 18.8° was lower in WP (37.2 ± 6.3) than in NP (38.6 ± 7.1 ml·kg·min, P < 0.05), but no difference in VO2 was found between WP and NP at the 12.9° and 7.0°. TT during uphill was slower in WP than NP at 12.9° (7.9 ± 1.1 vs. 7.4 ± 1.0) and 18.8° (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.9 ± 1.0 min, respectively, P < 0.05). No differences were noticed in HR and OP during uphill at every grade. CONCLUSIONS: Pole use decreased metabolic cost in the novice hikers only in the highest grade but not in the other two lower grades.


It is very useful for commercial fishing and fishery management of fishing ground analysis and forecasting based on spatial surveillance information technology.According to the results of our research and the operational application of distant water fishery fishing information service system,we review the key technology of fishing ground analysis and forecasting,including the data precision of marine environment factors derived from satellite remote sensing,data fusion of fishing ground environment factors of different sources,real time data acquirement of fishing boats position,data analysis methods and forecasting models.As a summary,we put forward the prospect with regard to the application of fishing ground forecasting study in the future.


Scaffold proteins coordinate the assembling of multicomponent protein complexes and participate in transduction of cellular signals via multiple signaling pathways therefore acting as important regulators of cell properties. IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Proteins (IQGAPs) are promising targets for studying the role of scaffold proteins in intracellular signaling regulation and development of cancer and other diseases. IQGAP family includes 3 proteins (IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3) that differ considerably by their expression patterns and functions. Distinct genomic aberrations and expression changes in various tumors were reported for all three IQGAP family members. The present paper thoroughly reviews the structure of IQGAP proteins, their involvement in regulation of cell characteristics and interactions with components of intracellular signaling pathways. Special attention is given to the up-to-date data on deregulation of IQGAP genes functions in different tumor types, analysis of their possible role in tumor progression and their associations with clinicopathological tumor characteristics.


Case series Patients: Male, 28-year-old • Female, 25-year-old • Female, 68-year-old Final Diagnosis: Lupus Symptoms: COVID-19 pneumonia with deteriration of clinical symptoms • lymphadenopathy Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Manifestations of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, are highly variable among healthy populations. In connective tissue disease patients, the spectrum of clinical manifestations is even broader. In mild COVID-19 patients, diffuse lymphadenopathy (DL) has not been described as a late manifestation, and only severe COVID-19 has been associated with lupus flare-ups. Herein, we report 3 cases of connective tissue disease patients that presented with DL after diagnosis and complete resolution of mild COVID-19 disease. Case Reports: Case 1. A 28-year-old man with inactive lupus, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and a history of lung and cutaneous involvement. He presented with fever, polyarthralgia, and multiple lymphadenopathies 3 weeks after COVID-19 disease resolution. After evaluation, immunosuppressive treatment was initiated, with rapid response. Case 2. A 25-year-old woman with inactive lupus with a history of articular, hematologic, and cutaneous involvement. Four weeks after resolution of COVID-19 disease, she presented with malaise and cervical lymph-adenopathies. After laboratory testing and imaging, she was treated for lupus flare-up, with rapid response. Case 3. A 68-year-old woman with inactive lupus with a history of articular and cutaneous involvement. Four weeks after COVID-19 resolution, she presented with malaise and cervical and axillary lymphadenopathies. After extensive evaluation, immunosuppressive treatment resulted in a rapid response. Conclusions: After 3 to 4 weeks of mild, outpatient-treated COVID-19 and complete resolution of symptoms, 3 patients with connective tissue disease presented diffuse lymphadenopathy associated with inflammatory and constitutional symptoms. Infectious and neoplastic causes were thoroughly ruled out. All patients responded to reintroduction of or an increase in immunosuppressive therapy. We recommend considering the diffuse lymphadenopathy as a possible post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) manifestation in these patients, mainly when they are in the inactive phase.


Calling attention to the farmers in the transitional rural societies of Vietnam and Lao PDR, this study examines the basis of some of their choices (behavior) which development planners often characterize as irrational or contradictory, and as reflecting the lack of the awareness of their role in economic development. Closer observations of these farmers over the past several years shed a different light, illuminating some of the conditions influencing the farmers' behavior. This study argues that their choices, seemingly irrational, result from the farmers' efforts and will to maintain a degree of consistency in their behavior under the conditions where information on both choices and their consequences are often incomplete. The essay is an exploratory attempt at understanding what farmers do in developing countries and how they decide to do what they do. Using the cases of Vietnamese farmers (with supplementary reference to Lao farmers), the inquiry 5 The literature on "risk" is extensive. Risk is a likelihood that an action or inaction will lead to an undesirable consequence. In the present context, an undesirable consequence is damage to health. The best example of the use of "risk" in this manner can be found in Risk vs. Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment (Graham and Wiener, 1997). Their notion of "risk tradeoffs" is especially helpful as it calls our attention to a complex situation where reduction in one risk may result in the increase in another, making a choice of action that much more difficult. Urlich Beck (1986) and others offer a macroscopic contextual examination of risk. They highlight "risk" as the key characteristic of highly modernized societies where the individuals often lose themselves, thus exposed to infinite uncertainty, in an immensely complex cause-effect relationship necessitated by the excessive division of labor. Nearly all decision-making theories deal with "risk" or risk assessment. One of the representative works is Tversky and Kahneman (1979). 6 I have collected data on the total of 160 farm households in 4 rural communities in Phu Cat andThanh Ke in central and Kim Bang in north Vietnam, and Savanakhet in south Lao PDR over the past six years. For nearly all households, the major source of livelihood is farming. I have made use of data especially from Phu Cat, Thanh Ke and Savannkhet. ― 8 ― calls attention, as one focus, to the farmers' contacts with the pesticides and other agrochemicals, which are increasing the significance as key agricultural input. Based upon the witness accounts, my observations have led me to conclude that the farmers may exhibit contradictory behavior or behavior which deviates from what is expected of a demographic group in the position of taking the advantage of the emerging market opportunities; but they are far from "ignorant" and "irrational" in choosing alternative courses of action as many development planners have made them out to be.


This article explains Soedjatmoko's view on the role of religion, culture and education in human development in Indonesia. The role of religion and culture and education in various changes and challenges of the times can be read from the perspective of individual personal interests and the interests of society. The problem is, in its purpose and method, the two functions are not always compatible and even contradictory. For in achieving personal perfection a religious person can focus his life and practice on a personal and direct relationship with God, and become indifferent to his society. That is why, Soedjatmoko also emphasized the importance of the social function of religion and culture to strengthen belief in relation to the development of education towards the future. In this case, religion, culture and education can mutually enrich the civilization of the Indonesian people as long as the constructive and positive values in them can be utilized for humanity, civility and mutual progress.


Introduction With the COVID-19 pandemic recognized as a major threat to human health, promoting vaccination is of paramount importance to public health. Objectives To examine the association between factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, when a vaccine becomes available. Methods A literature review has been made through PubMed database. Results The HBM dimensions "perceived barriers", "perceived benefits" and "perceived severity" were considered to be significant predictors of acceptance of vaccinations. The HBM constructs of cues to action (trust in third-party information sources), perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19, and beliefs about the protection benefits of a COVID-19 vaccine, subsequently may elicit willingness to vaccinate. Individual predictors of vaccination were believing the vaccine is effective at preventing COVID-19, recalling their doctor recommending the vaccine. Common perceived barriers against vaccination included believing the vaccine could give people the virus, believing the vaccine can make individuals ill afterwards and preferring to develop immunity "naturally". Patients who delayed and refused vaccine doses were more likely to have vaccine safety concerns and perceive fewer benefits associated with vaccines. Conclusions HBM is an effective tool for identifying facilitators and barriers to health behaviors. Health promotion should make use of the HBM, as the model provides a theoretically understanding of the dynamics that may enable the success of important health-related policy in the wake of COVID-19 and future pandemics and identifies the communication mechanisms that must be leveraged by governments and authorities in enforcing policy. Disclosure No significant relationships.


This paper examines the effect of job‐relevant information on the relationship between management accounting systems (MAS) and task uncertainty affecting managerial performance. Data are obtained via survey questionnaire of a sample of 131 senior managers from manufacturing firms in Australia. The study finds a statistically significant three‐way interaction between the extent of use of broad scope MAS information, job‐relevant information and task uncertainty affecting managerial performance. More specifically, the results suggest that under low task uncertainty situations, the use of more broad scope MAS information, regardless of job‐relevant information, would potentially result in information overload, which is detrimental to managerial performance. On the other hand, the results suggest that under high task uncertainty situations, the use of more broad scope MAS information and high use of job‐relevant information for decision‐making leads to improved managerial performance.


Support for caregivers has been proven to reduce caregiver depression, burden of care, and improve their health and quality of life. Caregiver support also benefits the care outcomes of the dementia patient. There is a need to recognize that caregivers too need caring. Caregivers of dementia patients are usually middle-aged daughters and sons followed by spouses. Foreign domestic helpers also are often the caregivers. Stressors from caregiving change at different stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, stress from having to deal with behavioural problems diminishes as stress from having to deal with functional impairments increases. Information given must be stage specific to be useful to caregivers. Work towards giving a positive experience in the GP consultation: early diagnosis, stage specific information, up-to-date information on sources of help. SFP 2008; 35(1): 87-92 INTRODUCTION Caregivers are an integral part of the support and care of the dementia patient. Support for caregivers has been proven to reduce caregiver depression, burden of care and improve their health and quality of life. More importantly, it also impacts on dementia patients' care, quality of life, behavioural changes, medication compliance and rates of institutionalisation. Many studies have consistently shown this. In the case of dementia patients, there often two tenets espoused: (1) Treatment has to embrace both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods (2) Treat the patient, treat the caregiver. The importance of caregivers cannot be over-emphasised. In Singapore, based on the findings from a study conducted by Alzheimer's Disease International in Asia Pacific1, the prevalence of dementia in 2020 and 2050 will be close to 53,000 and 187,000 respectively. Taking into account the caregiver, this means that an additional 53,000 and 187,000 caregivers and/ or families being affected as well. It is paramount in dementia care not to neglect the caregiver. He/she is often the silent patient or sufferer. Caregivers too need caring. Managing or rather caring for them includes: (1) continual assessment of their needs, (2) support in the form of education, empowerment and enablement, (3) Helping them to look after their own health. In ageing Singapore, General Practitioners (GPs) will play an increasing role in meeting the healthcare needs of the silver generation. In addition, care of dementia patients and caregivers by GPs will gain increasing importance in light of the fact that there are too many patients and insufficient specialists to meet this need. Can GPs make a difference to the patient and caregiver(s)? The answer is yes, of course! Patients and caregivers do listen to their GPs and what GPs say and/or do impacts on them mentally, emotionally, spiritually. A study by Fortinsky2 showed that when symptoms of dementia emerge, patients and caregivers turn first to their primary care physician for answers to questions about memory loss and obtaining a diagnosis. Clearly, GPs have and will have a pivotal role in contributing to the management of dementia patients and support of caregivers in the years to come.


Based on the process of the gears drawing and condition initialization, it uses Object ARX to set up the class of standard parts. This development can be used in CAD systems.


Four low‐grade oligodendrogliomas, nine anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and two mixed oligoastrocytomas were investigated for chromosomal aberrations by comparative genomic hybridization on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples. The most frequent losses observed involved 1p, 9p, 10pq, 14q, 16p, 19q, while the most frequent gains were seen on 7pq, 11pq, 17p, 19pq, and Xp. In one oligodendroglioma, a highly specific amplification of 1q32.1 was seen. The frequent losses of 14q have not been reported previously. In the two cases of mixed oligoastrocytomas multiple gains and losses were found that did not show a clear overlap with the alterations found in the pure oligodendrogliomas. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Samuel A. Chambers is Associate Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University, where he teaches political theory. He is co-Editor of the journal Contemporary Political Theory and general Series co-Editor of Routledge's 'Innovators in Political Theory'. In addition to a number of edited volumes and numerous journal articles, he has published three monographs: The Queer Politics of Television (IB Tauris, 2009), Judith Butler and Political Theory (with Terrell Carver, Routledge 2008), and Untimely Politics (EUP and NYUP, 2003). He has recently completed a book project, titled Policing the Political: Jacques Rancière and Democratic Politics, which collects together a series of engagements with, and provocations of, Rancière's writings on politics. In his current research he is returning to Marx, via Althusser, in an effort to rethink a critical theory of social formations.


Fragility fractures, caused by low-energy trauma, are a significant global health concern, with 158 million people aged 50 and over at risk. Hip fractures, a common issue in elderly patients, are often linked to underlying conditions such as osteoporosis. This study proposed a cost-effective solution using a non-wheeled smart walker with load sensors to measure gait parameters, addressing the high cost of traditional gait analysis equipment, the prototype used PASCO load cells PS2200 for force measurement, eliminating the need for Arduino UNO or microcontroller-based hardware. A lightweight amplifier PS2198 amplified the signal, which was transmitted via USB to a personal computer. PASCO capstone software was used for data recording and visualization. The smart walker was tested on forty volunteers divided into two equal groups: those with osteoporosis and those without, by performing a 10 m walk test three times. ANOVA comparing spatiotemporal parameters (TSPs) of the two participant groups (α = 0.05) showed that significant differences lay in terms of time taken to complete the walk test (p < 0.01), left step length (p = 0.03), walking speed (p = 0.02), and stride length (p < 0.02). The results indicate that this smart walker is a reliable tool for assessing gait patterns in individuals with osteoporosis. The proposed system can be an alternative for time consuming and costly methods such as motion capture, and for socially stigmatizing devices such as exoskeletons. It can also be used further to identify risk factors of osteoporosis.


Integral base of culvert and internal force of base are studied and analyzed.Through comparison with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method,a format for calculating bending moment of midspan and end span of base is proposed,providing references for structure design of integral base of culvert.


: Two dogs with idiopathic sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological features, were treated with tetracycline and niacinamide. Case 1 was not improved with glucocorticoides and azathioprine, but was treated successfully with tetracycline and niacinamide. Case 2 was not improved with tetracycline and niacinamide, but was treated with oriental herbs successfully.


Annually coal-fired heat-and-power plants produce up to 40 million tons of ash and slag in Russia, while the already accumulated in the ash-dumps waste exceeds 1.5 billion tons. In Russia alone heat power plants' ash-dumps occupy over 20 thousand km2 of land area. Ash and slag waste reclamation volume in Russia doesn't exceed 6 % of of their annual accumulation (annually only 1.5-2.1 million tons are recycled), while other countries recycle 50-100 % of ash and slag waste. Russia's main coal-mining region is the Kuznetsk coal basin. The importance of the suggested fly ash geosorbent technology is in the fact that its use will make it possible to recycle and reclaim the already accumulated ash and slag waste, but the newly produced waste as well. Thus, the objective of the project in question is the study of the use of heat power plant fly ash as a gas-adsorbing agent in the chemical industry, and as a means to extract industrial oils and lubricants out of waste water.


As a subdiscipline of deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been increasingly concerned about by people recently and widely applied in various fields related to computer vision. Although various algorithms that can improve CNN model have been proposed continuously, there is no consensus on utilizing which techniques to obtain better results for a specific task. This paper studies the fundamental deep CNN model's training fine-tuning, which can be classified as follows: network depth, network width, nonlinear activation function, pooling method, parameter initialization method, and learning rate strategy. According to each fine-tuning class's different schemes, the relevant comparison CNN model is designed by controlling variables. We trained and tested the models on the benchmark data set CIFAR-10. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different fine-tuning schemes, we investigated their characteristics, explored the reasons, and discussed the general rules among them.


THE FISHER V. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS at Austin1 case presents the issue of whether a state university may give admission preference to some applicants on the basis of their race, thereby disadvantaging other applicants on the basis of their race. For most Americans, the answer should be clear. Official race discrimination is inconsistent with the American ideal that all persons are equal before the law and must be treated as individuals, rather than as members of racial groups. Everyone thought Brown v. Board of Education2 made official race discrimination unconstitutional. Further, Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act3 makes official race discrimination illegal for any institution receiving federal funds, such as the University of Texas and nearly all other colleges.4 Why then is race discrimination by a state institution still an issue? The answer is that the end of segregation and official race discrimination turned out to be a disappointment or even an embarrassment for civil rights professionals. While blacks were no longer lawfully excluded by law from the University of Texas, still very few attended. A movement therefore arose to move from prohibiting racial discrimination to exclude blacks to permitting or requiring racial discrimination to include them. The source of the problem can be traced to poor black academic performance. The grim but inescapable fact is that in subjects such as reading and math the average black twelfth grader performs years be-


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high CO modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions composed of 15, 25 and 50 kPa CO+5 kPa O (balanced with N), and 100 kPa CO on the quality of 'Campbell Early' grapes (Vitis labrusca L.). Fruit quality attributes including soluble solids content, titratable acidity, decay of berries, berry shattering, and browning of stalk and pedicel were measured during marketing simulation at ambient temperature. In CO-treated bunches, the browning of stalk and pedicel, the decay of berries, and shattering were inhibited, and the organoleptic score was higher than in non-treated bunches. MAP with 50 and 100 kPa CO, however, resulted in off-flavour. When 100 kPa CO was used to grapes, browning, decay, and shattering of bunches actually increased compared with the 15, 25, and 50 kPa CO-treated ones. Our results, therefore, showed that high CO MAP with 15 and 25 kPa could be applied to grapes as a practical technique for improving appearance of the bunches and inhibiting the browning, decay, and shattering of the berries without off-flavour.


BackgroundCD19- and/or CD22-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells efficiently induced remission in patients with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but a considerable proportion of patients relapsed after both CD19- and CD22-CAR therapies associated with the loss or downregulation of target antigen. Re-infusions of the prior used CAR T cells were usually ineffective. In contrast to the frequent loss of CD19, low level of CD22 is usually present on leukemia cells post CAR therapy, suggesting that newly designed CD22-CAR therapies may be effective in these patients.MethodsA yeast full-human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library and a high-throughput NFAT reporter assay were utilized to screen several full-human CD22-CAR candidates; CD107 assay and in vitro cytotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the effector function of CAR T cells; membrane proteome assay was conducted to determine the specificity of the CAR toward the target antigen; a leukemia animal models was used to test the in vivo efficacy of CAR T cells. A phase I trial (ChiCTR2000028793) was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of CD22-CARFH80 therapy in 8 children with B-ALL resistant to or relapsed after prior CD19- and CD22-CAR treatment.ResultsWe identified a full-human CD22-CAR construct termed CD22CARFH80 which could mediate superior anti-leukemia activity in vitro and in a leukemia animal model and had good specificity to the target antigen. Data from the trial showed that with CD22-CARFH80 T-cell therapy, 6/8 (75%) patients including 2 who had CD22low blasts achieved complete remission; 1 patient had a partial response. CAR T cells efficiently expanded in vivo, while the toxic effect is low in most patients. At a median follow-up of 5 months, 4/6 (57%) patients remained in remission.ConclusionsTherapy with a newly invented CD22-CARFH80 overcomes the resistance to prior versions of CD19- and CD22-CAR formats and elicits potent anti-leukemia responses with an acceptable safety profile, representing a promising salvage regimen for B-ALL that fails in prior CD19- and CD22-CAR treatments.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: ChiCTR2000028793; registered 4 January, 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=47857


As renewable energy sources have low output voltage levels and intermittent power generation, high gain boost converters are needed to improve the voltage level when powering equipment with renewable energy sources. Aiming to deal with the issue of low output voltage level, a high voltage gain boost converter is put forward with the introduction of a switched capacitor unit. The put forward converter uses two switch tubes and the driving signals of the two switch tubes are synchronized, which greatly simplifies the control strategy. It is specifically analyzed the operating principle and characteristics of the put forward converter and compared with the existing high gain boost converter. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the put forward dual-switch non-isolated boost converter is verified by the simulation results.


This workbook contains additional exercises to supplement each chapter of Latin Via Ovid, a Latin textbook for classroom use. It features exercises consisting of fill-ins, sentence completion, declining verbs, translation in and out of Latin, and crossword puzzles.


Crash recovery techniques allow real-time distributed editing systems to make progress in case of failures. In this study, we propose a recovery scheme to manage a local document state (a.k.a., checkpoint) in each node, which periodically generates the checkpoint state. If a transient failure occurs in a distributed editing system, a node can rejoin the editing system by loading the local document state rather than retrieving the state from remote nodes. Our recovery scheme maintains the consistency between a local state and a remote state during the crash recovery procedure. The correctness of the recovery algorithm is theoretically proved. We evaluate the performance of our recovery scheme by varying the elapsed time between a failed node joining and leaving a system. The experimental results show that our solution is superior to the traditional recovery approach that regains document states from other peer nodes.


Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to achieve the ability to learn knowledge from the data of novel classes that arrive incrementally. To this end, the exemplar-based method stores a small number of samples of old classes and has been proven to be effective yet it causes the severe data imbalance issue. An approach named SS-IL solves the issue effectively and achieves strong state-of-the-art on large-scale CIL benchmark datasets while behaving badly on small ones. In this paper, we observe that the poor performance of SS-IL on small datasets could stem from not fully stimulating the potentiality of the learned representation of old classes, especially the initial classes. We propose an auxiliary Weight Scaling Feature Extractor (aWSFE) to better maintain and exploit the essential semantics of old classes. This auxiliary extractor is used as a plug-in module with the main classification network based on SS-IL in parallel. We perform a special design for the two branches so that the feature vectors from the main and auxiliary extractor can be integrated easily without an additional aggregation process. After obtaining the updated representations, we finetuning the classifier based on a balanced subset of training data to further promote performance. We conduct extensive experiments on two small-scale CIL benchmark datasets: CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-Sub. Results show that the proposed method effectively alleviates the forgetting of old knowledge and significantly improves the performance of SS-IL on small datasets.


College student's employment is a social problem which attracts wide attention.It is the key to deal with and solve this problem by analyzing it from different angles,to describe the existing problems,to discuss the methods to solve it.It is also an important subject that the society,colleges and the students should pay high attention and cope with actively.


Christian belief is the soul of the Gothic artistic style.Stone material and glass take into shape of a harmony,which is not only a formative beauty,but also implies the Christian meanings.Belief and material quality,belief and architecture have formed a kind of balance.It not only had been born to pursue this balance,but also had fallen down because of the loss of this balance.


Field efficiency is an important criterion for determining the expected field capacity and, indirectly, for
making important machinery management decisions. The data gathered with a yield monitor during harvest and a DGPS
monitor during planting were used to provide time-motion studies of equipment and operator productivity. This study
used spatial data gathered by a farmer to determine field performance of a combine and a planter. Seven fields were used
to compare results from soybean and corn production. Fields that are relatively flat with straight-rows were contrasted
with contoured fields with slopes up to 3-5%. Two unique traffic patterns on a center pivot were compared. The steering
adjustment index was developed to indicate the average degree of steering adjustment for field operations. The paper will
discuss the possibility of using geo-referenced data to predict the reduction of field efficiency for various traffic patterns.
Field efficiency and steering rate changes were compared. The steering adjustments for contoured traffic patterns were 2
to 4 times that of straight-rows. The steering adjustment information gave valuable information about field operation
conditions. However, the correlation between the steering adjustment and field efficiency was moderate. Differences in
data recording methods and operational characteristics are believed to be the main limitations.


This article highlights the negative effects on professionals who regularly work with very abusive families and seeks to identify what protective factors in the work team and its management mitigate these effects. I compare the behavioural consequences of living in a dysfunctional family with the consequences of working in a dysfunctional team. My hope is to identify practical, realistic things that can be done, especially by team managers, to protect staff from the all too familiar emotional costs of such work. (author abstract)


In this paper, we propose a no-reference (NR) stereo image quality assessment metric by learning gradient dictionary-based color visual characteristics. To be specific, firstly, since human eyes are highly sensitive to the structure of images, the gradient magnitude (GM) and gradient orientation (GO) are extracted from left and right views of stereo image, meanwhile, the difference map is obtained. Considering the influence of color distortion, images are decomposed into RGB channels to be processed respectively, and we get the local gradient of the color image by adding up the RGB gradient vectors. Constructively, the gradient dictionary is generated, which is different from traditional image dictionary. All quality-aware features are extracted by joint sparse representation. Afterwards, to avoid over-fitting, the principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to optimize the quality-aware features. Finally, all features are fed into the trained support vector regression (SVR) model to predict the objective score. The experimental results show that the proposed metric always achieves high consistency with human subjective assessment for both symmetric and asymmetric distortions.


The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 mandates the assessment of students in public schools in reading and mathematics. The Act also requires that parents of students in poor performing schools be given the option of enrolling their children in a different school. The assessment of students is based on the widely supported idea that schools need to be held accountable to the public and the assessment of students through standardized testing is the primary means for providing accountability. In Colorado, parents have choices regarding what school they want their children to attend. The schools' rating often influences the choice parents make. The rating is mainly a reflection of student scores on a standardized test. School funding, teacher stability, and the potential segregation of students by socioeconomic status are just some of the issues associated with school choice. Understanding the relationship between school characteristics and student performance will aid policymakers in evaluating the social impact and potential consequences of current education policies. This research examines the relationship between various school level characteristics and student test scores in reading, writing, and math from 2001 to 2007 for elementary schools in the Denver Metropolitan Region.


lack of clearly stated sociological frameworks is a weakness in the book. More than once, there were lost opportunities to extend, amplify, or elaborate on existing observations. The book name-checks various sociologists, such as Ruth Benedict, Karl Marx, Norbert Elias, and Michel Foucault. However, after the name-checking, the various authors do not follow up with exploring concepts used in sociological theory in relation to their various subjects. For example, Norbert Elias and the ''civilizing process'' are mentioned in relation to a ''decivilizing process'' among terrorist groups and movements. A prolonged discussion of the civilizing process and an assumed decivilizing process does not take place, to the detriment of the reader. Another example is the provocative idea that Islamist movements have become ''glocalized,'' but the concept's origins and meanings (first described by Roland Robertson) are not discussed. In sum, Transformations of Warfare in the Contemporary World lacks theoretical grounding. As such, many of the arguments and observations are difficult to evaluate in the context of existing social theory and accumulated knowledge in military sociology. The book makes a modest contribution to the subject despite having had the potential to be more.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to study the information behavior of farmers regarding value adding in production and marketing. This paper is a component of a larger and more comprehensive research study of farmers and their behavior regarding the acquisition and use of information. Design/methodology/approach – This research was qualitative and based on the Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews, observations and field survey recordings were conducted to collect data. Pan Tae Sub-district, Khuan Khanun District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand was selected as the research field site. The sample consisted of 14 key informants selected by the theoretical sampling technique. These informants were successful in value adding to their production and marketing process. Findings – Farmers require information because of problems associated with low product prices and being taken advantage of by middlemen. Farmers' information-seeking behavior includes: transfer of information from governmental academic offi...


It is impossible to operate a parallel system that contains a large number of elements ignoring the existence of faulty elements. In fault-tolerant routing in a parallel system, the method to make each non-faulty vertex store the compressed fault information (limited global information) is effective. The torus is the most popular topology adopted for interconnection networks of parallel systems. However, because of its complexity, any effective method that utilizes the limited global information has not been proposed. In this paper, we propose a stochastic fault-tolerant routing method in tori, which can tolerate the link and/or vertex faults. We can expect that our result achieves drastic improvement regarding fault-tolerant routing in many parallel systems.


This study investigates the impact of climatic variability on both agricultural production and total factor productivity (TFP) in the Southern United States (US). It also aims at identifying the drivers of productivity in this region. The analysis is tailored to inform decision makers about effective policy options to increase and sustain productivity in this important agricultural region. We use data from the US Department of Agriculture, National Climatic Data Center, and US Geological Survey to estimate alternative stochastic production frontier models. The estimated parameters are then analyzed and used to compute and decompose TFP into several measures of efficiency. The results show that agricultural production in the Southern US is more responsive to labor and has been increasing at a 1.13 percent rate annually. The findings also suggest that while precipitation, on average, has a positive and significant impact on productivity, intra-annual variation in both temperature and precipitation, which can be considered as anomalies, has a negative and significant impact on production. The impact of climatic effects on productivity across states is mixed and technological progress has been the main driver of TFP growth. Findings indicate that climatic variability is having a negative impact on agricultural productivity in the Southern US, similar in magnitude to the positive impact of irrigation.


Springs are characterised by seasonal fluctuations of the main environmental parameters (e.g., temperature and alkalinity), which are dampened if compared to those of other freshwater habitats, and they integrate direct and indirect impacts on the drainage basin in space and time (CANTONAn et al. 2006). This peculiar environmental stability is often reflected by the occurrence in these habitats of taxa relevant for aquatic biodiversity conservation. Springs are endangered habitats. Anthropogenic disturbances like water abstractions or land use practices in the catchment area are causing a marked decrease of the total number of natural springs. The main threat to springs is the continuous water abstractions for a variety ofpurposes (e.g., drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower stations). Springs with the highest discharge are already being used, even within protected areas, where strict regulations should limit their use. In 1998 at the end of a comprehensive study on 30 natural springs within the Adamello-Brenta Natural Park (PNAB, Italian Alps; CANTONATI 1998a), 5 ofthese springs were chosen for a long-term ecological research programme. In the frame of this research (CANTONA TI et al. 2005), in 2004 the spring ofPonte delle Cambiali, one ofthe few valley-bottom, large, and only partially altered flowing-spring habitats on siliceous substratum remaining in the area, was added to the sampling sites considered for long-term ecological research. Rather suddenly, the local municipality decided to use this spring as a source of drinking water for the whole Genova valley (mainly sparse cottages and cattle bams used only in summer), and in June 2005 the construction works for water abstraction started. The relatively high discharge assured the persistence of the water flow in an area only slightly downstream of the former natural spring mouth (through pipes releasing the excess water from the concrete capturing structure). Even though the capturing event had been announced only late, and our sampling design could not be modified to follow it in every detail, we decided to use the data we collected before and after capturing to try to provide the first elements on the potential value of residual habitats for spring biodiversity conservation. We focussed mainly on diatoms, which are usually present in springs with a high number of taxa, severa! of which are sensitive indicators of mineral content, alkalinity, nitrate, and other factors (CANTONATI & ÜRTLER 1998), and on zoobenthos orders that could reflect water flow and benthic substratum characteristics (ILMONEN & PAASIVIRTA 2005). Data on ecomorphology and macroscopic phytobenthos were collected as well, although not presented in detail in this paper.


Background: Recent improvements in radio-diagnostic procedures and in cardiovascular percutaneous interventions, together with increased life expectancy, have resulted in the subjection of an increasing number of patients to contrast medium-enhanced examinations or cardiac and angiographic procedure requiring iodinated contrast medium injection.  Subjects and methods: This study was carried out at Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Radiology and Clinical Pathology departments, Zagazig University Hospitals. The study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) and included a total of 60 patients.  Based on the development of contrast induced nephropathy after IV administration of high osmolar contrast agent, Patients were classified into CIN and NO CIN groups. We measured serum neopterin and IL-10 and calculating neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio before contrast administration, 24 and 48 hours after in 45 patients underwent coronary angiography for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and 15 patients underwent renal angiography.  Results : About 25 % of the present studied patients (14 patients) fulfilled the criteria of contrast nephropathy with more cases in the percutaneous coronary angiography group (11 patients).This study revealed that serum neopterin, IL 10 and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were higher in patients with CIN following IV contrast media at 24 & 48 hours compared to patients without CIN. In our study; we found increased pre procedural and post-procedural CRP, ESR and uric acid levels at 48 hours in patients with CIN. We found a decreased basal serum total bilirubin level in patients with CIN following IV contrast media compared to patients without CIN.  Conclusion: Serum neopterin, IL 10 and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio proved that they can be used as early biomarkers of contrast induced nephropathy instead of serum creatinine as they rise 24 hours before any change in the serum creatinine. Decreased serum total bilirubin levels had a higher incidence of CIN after the use of contrast media. Measuring ESR & CRP levels at admission may offer additional assistance in predicting the development of CIN. Elevated serum uric acid level is independently associated with an increased risk of CIN.  Abbreviations: CIN = Contrast induced nephropathy , AKI = Acute kidney injury, CRP = C-reactive protein, NLR = Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ESR = Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, UA = Uric acid, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.  Keywords: Contrast induced nephropathy; Neopterin; IL-10; Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.


Relevance. Timely competent provision of first aid by fire-fighters and rescuers can minimize the complications of injuries related to road traffic accidents, thereby supporting the lives of victims until the arrival of an ambulance team. Effective first aid training of the Emercom employees is a prerequisite for reducing mortality from road accidents at the pre-hospital stage.Intention. To analyze preparedness for first aid provision in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk city) among the EMERCOM of Russia employees directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents.Methodology. 199 employees of the Emercom of Russia were surveyed in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk) to assess their preparedness for the first aid provision based on a specially developed questionnaire.Results and Discussion. When processing the questionnaire data, it was found that 46.7 % of the respondents consider their knowledge and skills to be sufficient for providing first aid to victims of road accidents, 53.3 % are not satisfied with their practical skills. Before the arrival of medical workers, first aid was always provided to the injured by 10.5 %, sometimes by 31.2 % of the respondents. When tested on first aid issues, on average, each employee gave (73.1 ± 1.1) % correct answers. Periodically, 45.2 % of the EMERCOM of Russia employees practiced their skills in first aid on dummies.Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need to improve the regular training on the first aid among EMERCOM of Russia employees: to use dummies and simulators more widely. The data obtained can be used in planning the interagency interaction of services involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents, developing a work program for extended first aid for EMERCOM of Russia employees.


ABSTRACT While the prehistoric contexts of social learning have proven problematic to reconstruct, stone tools now appear to provide scope for examining teaching and learning technology in the past. This paper reviews research into social learning, with a focus on stone tools and reflects on the status and exciting future for this avenue of research. With reference to a case study of pressure flaked bifaces from north Western Australia, a new approach to quantifying levels of time invested into teaching and learning from stone tool assemblages is proposed. Procedural units identified within reduction sequences, accompanied by a model of the length of description of regularities within that sequence, can provide a quantified value of the relative time invested into teaching and learning technology. The value of this approach is discussed with existing modes of technological organization theory, and novel modes of teaching and learning contexts are proposed.


Introduction Motor imagery was defined as the metal rehearsal of simple or complex motor acts that is not accompanied by physical movement[1]. Previous studies provide evidence that motor imagery is associated with dynamic changes between performance and the mental rehearsal period that precedes the voluntary movement as an important difference between highly trained athletes and beginners. [2]. However, static sports such as motor imagery of archery and rifle shooting are seldom studied[2]. In the present study, we compared the neural correlates of expert archers and nonarcher during mental rehearsal of archery and observed whether the neural networks of expert archers are more focused and efficiently organized than those of nonarcher.


Background: Currently, treatment for older breast cancer patients is largely based on data derived from trials enrolling younger patients; thus, the standard of care for older breast cancer patients remains controversial. Aim: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis in older stage II and III breast cancer patients using data from the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry (JBCR). Methods: We reviewed data from the JBCR, a nationwide registry of newly diagnosed and operated primary breast cancer patients in Japan. To clarify those characteristics, we compared clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis among three groups: older group, patients aged ≥75 years; young-old group, patients aged 65–74 years; post-menopause group, patients aged 55–64 years. Results: In total, we reviewed 56,093 cases of stage II/III breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2011 (older: n=12,727; young-old: n=17,860; post-menopause: n=25,506). The estrogen receptor (ER) positivity rate was higher (older vs. young-old vs. post-menopause: 73.3% vs. 72.0% vs. 68.0%) and HER2 positivity rate was lower in the older group than in the other two groups (12.9% vs. 16.8% vs. 23.6%) (p The following table shows the rate of administration of adjuvant systemic therapy according to the ER and HER2 status. Nearly half of the older patients (48.3%) who received chemotherapy received either cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-fluorouracil or oral fluorouracil. As for hormone therapy, tamoxifen was used more frequently in the older group than in the young-old and post-menopause groups (16.5% vs. 8.6% vs. 7.2%). The following table shows the results of the 5-year overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) analyses: Conclusions: Chemotherapy was less common in older patients, especially patients with HER2+ or triple negative breast cancer, resulting in worse BCSS. As older patients tend to have several comorbidities, comprehensive geriatric assessment might be helpful in determining systemic therapies for older patients. Citation Format: Akimitsu Yamada, Masataka Sawaki, Hiraku Kumamaru, Hiroaki Miyata, Kanako Nakayama, Chikako Shimizu, Mika Miyashita, Naoko Honma, Itaru Endo, Naruto Taira, Shigehira Saji. Systemic therapy for and prognosis of older stage II and III breast cancer patients: Evaluation of data from the Japanese breast cancer registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-06.


Developmental science theorists fully acknowledge the wide array of complex interactions among biology, behavior, and environment that together give rise to development. However, despite this conceptual understanding of development as a system, developmental science has not fully applied analytic methods commensurate with this systems perspective. This article provides a brief introduction to systems science, an approach to problem solving that involves the use of methods especially equipped to handle complex relationships and their evolution over time. In addition, a rationale is provided for why and how these methods can serve the needs of the developmental science research community.


In this paper, we study the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stabil- ity of the additive functional equations f(x+y+z+a) = f(x)+f(y)+f(z) for the mapping f from a linear space into a multi-Banach space. Furthermore, we also establish the asymptotic behavior of the above additive functional equa- tions.


The article deals with a problem of the education process differentiation in context of the gender approach in the vocational educational institutions. In this article the role of gender competence of educators as the main subject in the education process is defined. The authors analyze the gender expectations of educators and students.


Buffer overflow attack is one of the most threatening attack types and it jeopardizes information security a lot.According to the principle of the attack,this paper generalizes three necessary steps of a buffer overflow attack.It divides the most popular technologies of buffer overflow attack detection into three types in light of detecting the three attack steps,and also analyzes and studies those technologies.


The nonlinear load in AC/DC hybrid microgrid seriously affects the power transmission quality of bidirectional AC/DC interlinking converter (BIC). In this article, an improved Fryze-Buchholz-Depenbrock (FBD) harmonic current detection method combined with droop control is designed to suppress harmonic current control strategy. The decoupled double synchronous reference frame phase locked loop (DDSRF-PLL) with self decoupled network is used to eliminate the negative sequence fundamental frequency component, and the accurate phase detection can also be realized when affected by nonlinear load. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm adaptive filter can enhance the dynamic response ability when the load current suddenly changes. To solve the problem that the cut-off frequency of low pass filter (LPF) can not take into account the detection accuracy and response speed of FBD harmonic current detection method. Finally, Matlab/Simulink is used for simulation verification. The simulation results show that the improved control strategy not only realizes the bidirectional flow of power and maintains the DC bus voltage stability, but also reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) at point of common coupling (PCC) by 0.45% compared with the traditional FBD control strategy. And the effectiveness and feasibility of the design method are proved.


In a recent experimental study we investigated the effect of secretin on duodenogastric reflux in dogs with an intact stomach. I It was found that secretin increased bile reflux and promoted the production of lysolecithin from lecithin. The concentration of bile phospholipids in the stomach was 7,7 ± 1,6 mg/dl during basal fasting conditions and 37,4 ± 5,4 mg/dl during secretin stimulation (P < 0,01). The ratio of lecithin to lysolecithin was 3,855 ± 0,519 during basal fasting conditions and 2,161 ± 0,372 during secretin infusion (P < 0,01). In the present study, using exactly the same techniques, an anempt was made to investigate the effect of secretin on duodenogastric reflux in dogs with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV + P).


In 1961 McLeod and Campbell studied hydrates formation for binary mixtures of methane with ethane through butane at pressures up to 10,000 psia. Their data showed that butane lowered the pressure of hydrate formation for methane up to pressures ranging from 1,500 to 2,000 psia. At pressures above this range methane-n-butane mixtures generally followed the curve for pure methane or were slightly above it. McLeod and Campbell conclude that the crystal lattice is deformed at higher pressures (above 6,000 psia) and that hydrate composition on a water-free basis is the same as the gas.


ABSTRACT Proposals to change the names of entire urban centres are rare. We examine the case of Blenheim, New Zealand, where in 2016, representatives of local businesses campaigned for its renaming as Marlborough City, in recognition of the region's wine industry. Although defeated the proposal threatened to over-write established settlement history. It presumed to rename Blenheim under the aegis of New Zealand Inc., a shorthand for the pervasive yet nebulous economic nationalism that seeks to yoke all local and national identity to enhancing export growth. Drawing on media reports, we interpret this example of toponymic commodification as a neoliberalized project of place-making. Ironically, Blenheim and Marlborough are colonial names that displaced a long-established Māori name. The proposal highlights both the perversities and the deeply contested claims-making that often underlie and animate toponymic politics. Ultimately, it illustrates some of the limits of rights claimed under neoliberalism.


ABSTRACT STRETCHING IS A COMMONLY PRESCRIBED EXERCISE ACTIVITY THAT HAS BEEN APPLIED TO WARM-UP, INCREASING RANGE OF MOTION (ROM), AND RECOVERY FROM TRAINING. THE PRACTITIONER SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF STRETCHING EXERCISE AND THE INHERENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPES OF STRETCHING EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO ENHANCE "LOOSENESS" AND FREEDOM OF MOTION. STRETCHING TO ENHANCE ROM MAY BE CONTRAINDICATED WHEN APPLIED TO RECOVERY ACTIVITIES. STRETCHING FOR RECOVERY SHOULD BE PAIN-FREE MOTION WITHIN THE CONSTRAINTS OF MAXIMUM ROM OF A JOINT. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1 (SEE VIDEO, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A119).


Diorganosi l icon(IV) derivatives of N-(alkyl)-2-mercaptoacetamides having general fo rmula [R'N(H)COCH2S]2Si(CH3)2 where R'=n-C3H7 , iso C 3 H 7 , n-C4H9 and sec-C4H9 , have been synthesized by the interaction of dimethylsilicon(IV) dichloride with the sodium salt of N-(alkyl)-2-mercaptoacetamides in 1:2 stoichiometric ratio. The resulting compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight measurements and a penta-coordinated geometry around silicon atom has been proposed on the basis of IR and NMR ('Η, n C and Si) spectral data. Introduction Tetra-coordination appears to dominate the silicon chemistry and a number of compounds of the type RjSi(L-L) and R2Si(L-L)2 (L-Lis a bidentate ligand) are known with a tetra-coordinated silicon atom at the centre.[ l-6] In all these cases the ligand behave as monodentate. However, in some of R2Si(L-L)2 type compounds, the silicon atom is hexa-coordinated due to the bidentate behaviour of the ligand moiety.[2,7,8] Although a number of penta-coordinated compounds of silicon have been reported, no such reports about the penta-coordination in compounds of the type [R2Si(L-L)2] are available in the literature. In the present communication, we report the synthesis, characterization and structural elucidation of some new f ive -coo rd ina t ed diorganisilicon(IV) der iva t ives of b iden ta t e ligands, N-(a lkyl ) -2mercaptoacetamides. Materials and Methods All the reactions were carried out under anhydrous conditions. Dimethylsilicondichloride was distilled before use. The ligands used in the investigation were synthesized by the literature method [9] Elements (Si, Ν & S) were analyzed by the literature method [10]. Moelcular weight measurement were carried out on a Knauer Vapour Pressure Osmometer in CHCI3 solution at 45°C. IR spectra were recorded as nujol mull in the range 4000-200 cm" on a Perkin Elmer 577 spectrophotometer. The 'H NMR spectra were recorded in C D C I 3 solution whereas l C and Si NMR spectra were recorded in CHCI3 solution on a 90 MHz JEOL FX-90Q spectrometer using TMS as an internal reference. Since all these complexes have been synthesized by a similar route, the synthesis of one representative complex is described below and the synthetic details and analytical data of the analogous compounds are summarized in Table I. Table I : Synthetic and analytical data of (CH3)2Si[R N(H)COCH2S|2 s. No. Reactants in g(mmol) Molecular Formula % Yield Elemental Analysis % Found (Calcd.) M.Wt. Found (calcd.) Me2SiCI2 R NHCOCH 2SH Na Si Ν S (1) 1.28 (9.91) R'=n-C3H7 2.64(19.81) 0.46 (20.00) C12H26SiN202S2 83 8.69 (8.70) 8.64 (8.68) 19.82 (19.88) 340 (322.56) (2) 1.19 (9.22) R'=i-C3H7 2.43(18.24) 0.42 (18.26) C12H26SiN202S2 81 8.62 (8.70) 8.59 (8.68) 19.34 (19.88) 337 (322.56) (3) 1.30 (10.07) R'=n-C4H9 2.96(20.10) 0.46 (20.00) C|4H30SiN2O2S2 85 7.86 (8.00) 7.94 (7.98) 18.16 (18.29) 356 (350.61) (4) 1.24 (9.60) R'=sec-C4H9 2.82(19.15) 0.44 (19.13) C|4H30SiN2O2S2 82 7.59 (8.00) 7.86 (7.98) 18.21 (18.29) 361 (350.61) Preparation of Me2Si|SCH2CO(H)NC3H7 -n|2 : A weighed amount of Na (0.46g, 20.00 mmol) was reacted with 1 5 ml methanol and then the benzene solution of n-C3H7N(H)COCH2SH (2.64 g, 19.81 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for ~4hr. To the above reaction mixture, a benzene solution of Me2SiCl2 (I .28g, 9.91 mmol) was added dropwise with constant stirring. The reaction started at the room temperature and was found to be slightly exothermic. To ensure the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was refluxed for an hr. The precipitated NaCI was filtered off and the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure to yield a viscous lemon yellow compound. The product was purified by dissolving in chloroform followed by the addition of


The thyroid is the organ that has the greatest risk of malignant tumors among the endocrine tumors. The papillary carcinoma occupies 80% of the entire thyroid tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of galectin-3 has usually been used in differentiating papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. The p53 gene of the cell cycle is a tumor suppressor gene acting in on the control points. The cyclin D1 genes in the cell cycle, involved in the implementation of G1 and S phase, plays an important role in the progression of thyroid tumors. This research compares and analyzes correlation between papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, p53, cyclin D1 and galectin-3 gene expression patterns. In a total of 30 cases from papillary carcinoma, 21 cases from p53 (70%), 27 cases in galectin-3 (90%), and 26 cases in cyclin D1 (86.7%) showed positive rate. The galectin-3 staining investigated, showed a significant difference between a papillary carcinoma and a follicular carcinoma. Follicular carcinoma from 15 cases, p53 in 13 cases (86.7%), galectin-3 in 5 cases (33.3%) and cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%) showed a positive rate. The cyclin D1 in follicular carcinoma and staining between the p53 that had correlation was also investigated. In this study, as the examples of the expression of the 27 cases of galectin-3 (90%) in papillary carcinoma and 5 cases in follicular carcinoma (33.3%) indicate, it was concluded that there is a difference in the expression on both carcinoma. In addition, cyclin D1 and p53 has a positive rate in follicular carcinoma, when cyclin D1 in 12 cases (80%), there was a significant correlation that was investigated. Distinguishing between papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma can be identified by the expression of galectin-3. It is considered to get results that are more accurate in follicular carcinoma diagnosis depending on whether the cyclin D1 and p53 is expressed or not.


ABSTRACT Virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) foster learning and knowledge sharing between employees. However, many virtual communities of practice fail due to the lack of engagement of collaborators. Employees often claim that they do not have time for such communities. This paper investigates the determinants of engagement in virtual communities of practice. Based on a rare survey of members of VCoPs at Schneider Electric, a multinational company of 137 000 employees, this research highlights the relations between job engagement, the perceived value of virtual communities of practice by members, and engagement in VCoPs. As such, respondents report higher levels of engagement in virtual communities of practice as their engagement in their job increases. Further, the perceived value of VCoPs mediates partially the relation between job engagement and engagement in VCoPs. These results lead to solutions for managers to implement, to increase the engagement of collaborators in virtual communities of practice.


In order to analyze the emergency evacuation mechanism of subway station in panic emotions, improvng evacuation efficiency and reducing casualties and property losses. Based on the traditional cellular automata model and the improvement of A * and SIS algorithms, this paper fully considered the influence of the panic emotions of evacuees on evacuation behavior. At the same time, SIS algorithm was used to quantify the degree of individual panic, and A * algorithm was used to consider the optimal obstacle avoidance path selection in the context of obstacles. The combination of the two improved the cellular automata model. By drawing the model structure diagram, based on MATLAB simulation software, the evacuation model was programmed to show the escape behavior of evacuees under emergencies. Based on the questionnaire survey and theoretical analysis, the effects of four indicators, including the presence or absence of panic, panic threshold, emotional decay rate and pedestrian density, on evacuation efficiency were analyzed. The results show that there is a significant difference in the evacuation time between the platform layer and the station hall layer of the subway station with or without panic emotions. The evacuation time of pedestrians with panic is much longer than that without panic. When the emotional threshold increases, the evacuation time will gradually decrease. When it reaches a certain level, the evacuation time is not related to the panic emotional threshold. When the rate of emotional decay is less than 0.06, the panic value will remain at a high level. The greater the rate of emotional decay, the faster the panic value decreases. Pedestrian density is also the key to affecting evacuation. The greater the pedestrian density is, the more panic emotions spread in the room and then continue to strengthen. The increase in panic value leads to longer evacuation time.


To solve the problem that it is difficult to measurement the hot stress caused by great difference in temperature of ingot in ESC,the field of temperature and stress of steel ingot in ESC was simulated by the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS.The result of the simulation is in accordance with the practice.And the distributed trend of temperature field and stress field of ingot were studied according to the result.It offered the scientific basis for the produced of ESC.


The invention relates to method for cold start pre-warming of a pressure-charged internal combustion engine and/or of an exhaust gas aftertreatment device of an internal combustion engine and further relates to a motor vehicle especially a commercial vehicle with the pressure-charged internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas aftertreatment device and a cold start pre-warming device used for the pressure-charged internal combustion engine and/or of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device. The method includes arranging a cold-starting aid in the intake duct for warming the charge air while the engine is stationary. The internal combustion engine has at least one working cylinder with at least one inlet valve connected to an air inlet pipe and at least one outlet valve connected to an exhaust system and further includes a device for setting a valve position. The internal combustion engine can be pressure-charged by a pressure-charging device operable by an electric motor.


Background: Extracorporeal circulation induces increased capillary permeability with fluid leakage into the interstitial space, resulting in positive fluid balance and intravascular hypovolaemia. Hypertonic saline 75 mg . ml‐1 in dextran 70, 60 mg . ml‐1 (HSD) seems to be of benefit in patients with impaired perfusion. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HSD infusion on fluid balance and cardiorespiratory functions just after the end of cardiac surgery.


The article describes the fold-thrust structure of the Golets Vysochaishy deposit located at the Baikal-Patom Upland in the Marakan-Tunguska megasyncline. The latter is composed of terrigenous-carbonate carbonaceous rocks metamorphosed in greenschist facies conditions. The deposit is detected in the hanging wing of the asymmetric Kamenskaya anticline. In a cross section, the anticline is an S-shaped structure extending in the latitudinal direction. The main feature of the Golets Vysochaishy deposit is the development of interlayer sulfidization zones (pyrite, pyrrhotite), including gold-bearing ones. Its gold-ore zones tend to occur in layered areas of interlayer sliding in the rocks of the Khomolkhinskaya suite.Four structural markers revealed within the deposit area are indicative of repeated deformation processes: (1) sublatitudinal folding, cleavage of the axial surface and its subsequent transformation into schistosity; (2) crenulation cleavage; (3) interlayer sliding and rock breakdown with interlayer drag folds, parallel microfractures and polished slickensides; (4) large quartz veins and veinlets that cross cut the main structural elements in plan.


1. A. Ayoub, Triangles with the same centroid, this MAGAZINE 71 (1998), 221-224. 2. H. S. M. Coxeter, Introduction to Geometry, John Wiley, New York, 1961. 3. L. Hahn, Complex Numbers and Geometry, The Mathematical Association of America, Washington DC, 1994. 4. R. A. Johnson, Advanced Euclidean Geometry, Dover Publications, New York, NY, 1960. 5. L. Khan, Problem 846, Solution by W. Pierce, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal 10 (1995), 243-246. 6. W. Mueller, Centers of triangles of fixed center: Adventures in undergraduate mathematics, this MAGAZINE 70 (1997), 252-254. 7. E. Routh, A Treatise on Analytical Statics with Numerous Examples, Vol. 1 (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1986. 8. H. Steinhaus, Mathematical Snapshots, Oxford University Press, 1983. 9. T. Zerger, Problem 1524, Solution by R. Young, this MAGAZINE 71 (1998), 226-227.


This thesis aims at celebrating the publication of The Chinese Grammar History,which combined the Chinese language actuality and,from the perspective of history,made a systematic study into Chinese grammar.This book,with its important contribution to the construction of theoretical frane of Chinese grammar history,is believed to be a pioneer work on the issue.


Motor involvement by varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the extremities is relatively rare and may be due to the extension of inflammation to the anterior horn or anterior motor roots.1 In this study we observed conduction block of the peripheral nerves and lesions in the right upper extremity on MRI in a patient with VZV infection.

A 64-year-old woman noticed swelling of her right index finger followed by dysesthesia, reddening of the skin, and vesicle in the area from the right shoulder to the palm. She was diagnosed with herpes zoster and treated with acyclovir IV. She had been treated for chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML, chronic stage) since 1992. Four weeks later she noticed weakness of her right upper extremity that progressed slowly. She was admitted to our hospital 2 months later. Physical examination revealed pigmentation of skin in the right C6 and C7 dermatomes. Cranial nerves were intact. Manual muscle testing revealed weakness in the right upper extremity, which did not correspond to individual myotomes: deltoid (4/5), biceps (4/5), brachioradialis (4/5), triceps (3/5), extensor …


Nor are there any examples of an accusative of price known to me from Pompeii,10 whereas there are several examples of the ablative of exact price. 1 I have found no good example of the genitive of price; however, one can point to CIL 4 1173 (add. p. 204 = CE 946): "bis [t]anti peria(t), quisquis amare vota(t)." Vaananen explained this as reflecting a "confusion vulgaire de tanti g6netif de prix et tanto ablatif de difference (due peut-etre au fait que le parler populaire employait l'accusatif pour l'un comme pour l'autre)."12 However, this is unlikely as the same line repeated elsewhere (CIL 4 4091 = CE 945): "bis tanto periat quisquis amare vetat" shows the ablative of difference in common use. Further, Vaananen can supply no examples of either accusative of price nor accusative used for ablative of difference. Far then from showing that the genitive of price is dead in popular speech the pihrase bis tanti shows quite the opposite, that the genitive of price seems to be flourishing and even encroaching on other idioms.13 Such is the power of the dead hand of the commentary. A suggestion first put forward in 1665 has been copied from book to book. It has caused subsequent generations to misread the sentence before them. It has caused them to ignore the facts that no other example of the accusative of price could be found for three hundred years and that the ablative and genitive of price were in use by other vulgar characters in the Satyricon. The persistent error over this little phrase serves as a reminder to read the text before the commentary.


A Jones matrix approach is used to study a magnetooptic read-back system which uses a wave plate for maximizing the signal. The effects and interactions of Kerr rotation, Kerr ellipticity, birefringence in the substrate and in the optical system, and misalignment of the optical components are considered. Several criteria are developed for maximizing the signal and minimizing the noise.


Both these counties are very mountainous, and.those mountains covered with boggs and heath, in so much that there is iittle arable ground in them, except what has lately been made so. There are three ways practis'd to reduce heath and bog to arable land: The first is by cutting of the scurf of the ground, making up the turf so cut in heaps, and-when the sun has dryed these heaps, they are then set on fire


There are a lot of Challenges raised over the security of information written to the Mifare classic 1k a Radio Frequency Identification card due to the vulnerability status of this card. The card's information can be traced to another card or an electronic device. These issues allow for unauthorized access to the data on the Mifare classic 1k‐enabled device data which are transmitted between the device and reader. The information produced by a Mifare classic 1k enabled credential system for a stated status is also a concern. The focus of the study is to develop an algorithm to secure information written to the Near Field Communication tag. The performance of the system shows that when n=50, with elapse time of 1.2ms the unique character was 64, likewise at optimal when n=200, the elapse time was 1ms with the unique character of 62. This result shows a decline of the symbol-by-symbol restriction with elapses time which can secure the information of the unique character.


We consider a pursuit-evasion differential game problem in which countably many pursuers chase one evader in the Hilbert space ${\ell_2}$ and for a fixed period of time. Dynamic of each of the pursuer is governed by first order differential equations and that of the evader by a second order differential equation. The control function for each of the player satisfies an integral constraint. The distance between the evader and the closest pursuer at the stoppage time of the game is the payoff of the game. The goal of the pursuers is to minimize the distance to the evader and that of the evader is the opposite. We constructed optimal strategies of the players and find value of the game.


Xanthones have become attractive targets in organic synthesis due to their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities e.g., antibacterial, antiinflammatory antioxidant, antiulcer and antitumor 1 . Mangostins are xanthones isolated from the pericarps of Mangosteen, can induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells or cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer DLD-1 and hence cells they would be candidates for preventive and therapeutic applications for cancer treatment 2 . Xanthones are usually synthesized through the intermediacy of benzophenones or diaryl ethers under harsh reaction conditions, in the presence of strong acids or toxic metals 3 . Photo-oxidative cyclization of 2-styryl chromones 4 has been reported to afford xanthones. Photochemical synthesis is a green chemistry technique as it avoids toxic reagents and catalysts. Earlier, the synthesis of xanthone derivatives have been reported by photo oxidative cyclization of 2,3-diphenyl chromones, 2-styryl-3phenylchromone and N-phenyl-4H-oxo-benzopyran2-carboxamide systems containing either styryl or stilbene chromophore 5-9 . In this note is reported, the photochemical behavior of 7-methoxy-3-phenyl-2[(E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethenyl]-4H-chromen-4-one 4. Results and Discussion


end, this book is 'more the biography of a legend than a life of the apostle' (p. 6). That legend, which according to Professor CUlpepper took shape even during the period when the Gospels and Acts were being written, is traced from the New Testament reports of John as fisherman, through patristic witnesses, early apocryphal writing and medieval sources, to Victorian poets and later historians of primitive Christianity. Rightly, the investigation begins with the evidence provided by all five documents within the Johannine corpus, including Revelation. The result is a fascinating and exhaustive account of the life, exploits and death of the apostle. As the author justly claims, so much of the tradition about John has never before been collected and made available in English (p. 2). Culpepper writes in a delightfully accessible style. His study is scholarly and detailed; it evinces balance and caution, together with a breathtaking knowledge of the relevant literature. Full notes at the end of each chapter provide a comprehensive means of further research. Indeed, Dr Culpepper provides us with a secure basis on which to make up our own minds about the identity of John, and his relationship to the writings in the New Testament which bear his name. For the conclusions in this volume are at times elusive as the shadowy figure pursued in it. Nevertheless, we have here a masterly enquiry, which should become a standard work of reference for all serious students of the Johannine literature.


Using the direct time domain approach and thermo-optic properties of silica, we show that a single spectrally periodic filter can generate any 4-bit binary amplitude and phase code pattern. We design and analyze a tunable 6-stage lattice-form Mach-Zehnder interferometer using silica-on- silicon planar lightwave circuit technology for generating 40 GHz pulse trains with arbitrary binary amplitude and phase code profiles from a uniform 10 GHz input pulse train.


There is a consensus among the historians of the Timurid Empire that after the death of Timur, Shāhrukh did not become the sovereign of the entire Timurid polity until the early 820s/1418s. He eliminated Mīrzā Iskandar b. ʿUmar-Shaykh, the governor of Fārs, in 817/1414-15 and Qaydu b. Pīr Muḥammad in 821/1418, and subsequently installed his own sons to various appanages, which were erstwhile distributed among other sons of Timur, Jahāngīr, ʿUmar-Shaykh, and Mīrānshāh. This chapter discusses Mīrzā Iskandar's intellectual and political program in light of his relationships with two of his contemporaries, Shāh Niʿmatullāh Walī and Sayyid Sharīf Jurjānī. It then discusses the significance of his interaction with the two figures in the context of Timurid politics after Timur's death. First, Mīrzā Iskandar and then, Shāhrukh in the first half of the fifteenth century were aware of the philosophical and theological components of the constitutional crisis in the Islamicate world. Keywords: Mīrzā Iskandar; political program; Sayyid Sharīf Jurjānī; Shāhrukh; Timurid


Grzegorz Grzmot-Bilski

Jung and the Creative Individual

Abstract

The aim of this article is a reconstruction of Jungian process of individuation (initiation), which is existential and civilizational. The paradigm of initiation can be expressed in the formula: suffering, death, resurrection, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The initiation as a spiritual transformation is a prerequisite for the creative development of a human. This article also argues in favor of the thesis that Jungian analytical psychology is essentially a modern version of Christian gnosis. Overcoming the nihilistic and materialistic crisis of Western civilization, according to Jung, is possible only when it returns to the Self and the Christian roots.

Keywords: God, nihilism, mystic, Self, human spirit, individuation, initiation, Christian gnosis, theoglobal civilization, the end of postmodernism, ecumenism, the Holy Spirit, "God lives".


I . www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8305f99p AN ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (EDXRF) ANALYSIS OF 20 OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM 3 PREIIlSTORIC SITES NEAR MAYER, ARIZONA by M. Steven Shackley, Ph.D. Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Report Prepared for Archaeological Consulting Services Tempe, Arizona 3 October 1992