molecules. Abundance (in molecules/cell) and stability (in minutes) values for 2338 genes whose mRNA and protein are shown as black and grey dots, respectively. Units are given in a logarithmic scale because of the range dispersion between both kinds of molecules. Cytosolic ribosomal protein genes (dark and light blue dots for mRNA and protein, respectively) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes (green and light green dots for mRNA and protein, respectively) are highlighted over the global distribution. Red dots represent the average value for cytosolic protein genes that are rather different from the whole set of genes analyzed (orange dots) whereas the behavior of mitochondrial ribosome genes (yellow dots) is very similar to the whole. It can be seen that mRNAs and proteins spanned a range of about 3.5 orders when the least and the most abundant molecules were compared. Proteins were about 3 orders of magnitude more abundant. On the contrary, mRNA half-lives were concentrated in a 1.5 orders-wide range while protein stabilities displayed a range of, again, about 3 orders of magnitude, due to the existence of some long-lived proteins. It is interesting to note that some well-defined (structurally or functionally) groups of genes occupied restricted areas in both distributions. In the Figure is shown that 60 cytosolic ribosomal protein genes analyzed (blue diamonds, red dot) indicates that this group was rather different than the whole of the 2340 genes analyzed, but that the 22 mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes (green diamonds, yellow dot) were very close to the average (orange dot).. This is a first indication that functionally related genes tend to have similar parameter levels for mRNA and protein.


Background Treatment of osteoid osteoma of the spine may be challenging when located in the pedicles. Patients and methods Twelve patients with osteoid osteoma located in lumbar spine pedicles were treated via partial pediculectomy to excise the nidus completely combined with contralateral instrumented fusion to prevent instability. Their demographic data, back pain as measured by visual analog scale, and radiographs were recorded and analyzed. The patients were followed up for a period of at least 12 months. Results Their mean age was 18.1 years. Nine were males and three females. The mean preoperative visual analog scale was 8. This improved to 2.5 1 month after surgery and 0.83 at the final follow-up (P Conclusion When lesions with a relatively large nidus involve the pedicle, partial pediculectomy to access the nidus combined with contralateral instrumented fusion appears to be an effective and justifiable method of treatment.


In today's universities, more and more college students frequently use social media, and what impact will this use have on them? How should schools face this situation? In order to answer these questions, this study selects the common use scenarios in college students' daily life, such as fear of missing out and the impact on their self-esteem, and the use of social media is likely to have a negative impact on college students to a certain extent. This study aims to fill these gaps in the field of literature. In this study, 483 college students filled in the research scale. The results show that fear of missing out will increase college students' different social media self-presentation, in which positive self-presentation will further produce online social anxiety and have a negative impact on self-esteem. My research shows that the positive self-presentation of social media caused by college students' fear of missing out will make college students have a fragile self-esteem. Therefore, in modern university education, college students should be encouraged to display honest self-presentation and adopt the combination of positive self-presentation and honest self-presentation to make them have a strong self-esteem.


Processor design has turned toward parallelism and heterogeneity cores to achieve performance and energy efficiency. Developers find high-level languages attractive because they use abstraction to offer productivity and portability over hardware complexities. To achieve performance, some modern implementations of high-level languages use work-stealing scheduling for load balancing of dynamically created tasks. Work-stealing is a promising approach for effectively exploiting software parallelism on parallel hardware. A programmer who uses work-stealing explicitly identifies potential parallelism and the runtime then schedules work, keeping otherwise idle hardware busy while relieving overloaded hardware of its burden. However, work-stealing comes with substantial overheads. These overheads arise as a necessary side effect of the implementation and hamper parallel performance. In addition to runtime-imposed overheads, there is a substantial cognitive load associated with ensuring that parallel code is data-race free. This dissertation explores the overheads associated with achieving high performance parallelism in modern high-level languages. My thesis is that, by exploiting existing underlying mechanisms of managed runtimes; and by extending existing language design, high-level languages will be able to deliver productivity and parallel performance at the levels necessary for widespread uptake. The key contributions of my thesis are: 1) a detailed analysis of the key sources of overhead associated with a work-stealing runtime, namely sequential and dynamic overheads; 2) novel techniques to reduce these overheads that use rich features of managed runtimes such as the yieldpoint mechanism, on-stack replacement, dynamic code-patching, exception handling support, and return barriers; 3) comprehensive analysis of the resulting benefits, which demonstrate that work-stealing overheads can be significantly reduced, leading to substantial performance improvements; and 4) a small set of language extensions that achieve both high performance and high productivity with minimal programmer effort. A managed runtime forms the backbone of any modern implementation of a high-level language. Managed runtimes enjoy the benefits of a long history of research and their implementations are highly optimized. My thesis demonstrates that converging these highly optimized features together with the expressiveness of high-level languages, gives further hope for achieving high performance and high productivity on modern parallel hardware.


Chlorella vugaris was cultured in glutamate desalination effluent to study algal growth,main nutrition components of cell and nutrient removal.The results were showed as follows: algal cell could grow well in 2%(V/V) glutamate desalination effluent,and total sugar,nitrogen and phosphorus residues were hardly in media after 10 days,in which the removal percentages were 99.1%,96.0%,and 97.0% and their biomass yields,specific growth rate,and production intensity were 5.66 g/L,0.223 d-1 and 560.0 mg/(L·d),respectively.Moreover crude protein,crude lipid,fiber,ash,and total phosphate from algal cell were 50.0%±5.0%,10.0%±2.0%,4.0%±0.5%,6.0%±0.5%,and 0.80%±0.10%,respectively.


Author(s): Funk, Damian | Abstract: A preliminary synchronic analysis of Brokpa phonology finds eleven vowel phonemes, including two degrees of vowel length; 35 consonant phonemes; and three tonal values (level low, level high, and contour falling). Based on a sample of 134 words, the phonological description is supported by a phonetic analysis investigating the acoustic correlates of phonemic distinctions: formant values for vowel quality, length measurements for vowel length, pitch measurements for tone, and voice onset time for aspiration in plosives and affricates. A presentation of the basic phonotactic patterns of the language concludes the sketch. Some noteworthy features of Brokpa phonology include its developing tonal system; the relative lack of open vowels, front rounded vowels, and voiced fricatives; the presence of five series of plosives; and some archaic consonant clusters.


The invention relates to a laser comprising a laser amplifier 2, and a laser resonator 10 wherein the laser amplifier 2 has a disk-shaped active medium 3 with a reflector, wherein the active medium 3 is seated on a cooling device 4 for cooling of the active medium and the reflector, and the reflector embodying a mirror of the laser resonator 10th According to the invention, the laser resonator 10 is formed as a ring resonator, in which can propagate rotating shafts in different directions two, wherein an optical selection means 17 is provided in order to favor propagation of one of the two rotating shafts, which can be coupled out as an output laser beam 19th Designed as a parabolic mirror optical refocusing means 7 is provided to redirect pump light more than once and to re-focus on the active medium so as to effect a multi-pass of the pump light through the active medium. The parabolic reflector has an opening through which one of the two rotating shafts and into the laser resonator propagates. The ring resonator 10 is preferably folded Z-shaped. The laser is characterized by a very wide range of stability. Frequency multiplication can be effected with high efficiency intra-cavity.


By analyzing the recognition, measurement and disclosure of forest biological assets, this paper aims to further enhance the recognition, measurement and disclosure levels of forest biological assets and also regulate the recognition, measurement and disclosure processes of forest biological assets. This paper both refers to the relevant provisions of the "Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 5-Biological Assets" and uses cost measurement methods such as replacement cost method. The recognition, measurement and disclosure analysis of forest biological assets can help grasp the specific value of forest biological assets from another perspective. This will not only be able to improve the credibility of forestry enterprises, but also guarantee the reliability of forest biological assets.


An array of non-aligned monocrystalline zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) is fabricated on a silicon substrate by thermal evaporation.The non-aligned ZnO NWs in the array are approximately 10~20 nm in diameter.During the fabrication,the temperature around the substrate is lower 500℃,which is conducive to practical application.Field emission is available from these ZnO NWs.The electric field that extracts 10?μA·cm~(-2) current density is measured to be 5.5?V·μm~(-1).Moreover,the emission site distribution (ESD) is also studied and the field emission is found from the whole sample surface,suggesting that the screen effect is almost avoided.


Synops i s : New and rare spider records from South Tirol (Italy). —16 rare species are recorded from 3 xerothermic sites in South Tirol (Castelfeder, Guntschna, Sähen), with notes on taxonomy and distribution area: Altellaaussererin. sp. (er 9 ) (Dictynidae), Oecobiuskahmanni(Oecobndae),Zodarionhamatum, Z. italicum, Z. rubidum (Zodariidae), Theridion hannoniae (Theridiidae), Cepheia longiseta, Mysmenella jobi (Mysmenidae), Meionetafuscipalpis (Linyphiidae), Textrixpinicola (Agelenidae), Hogna radiata, Trochosa hispanica (Lycosidae), Micaria silesiaca, Zelotes gracilis (Gnaphosidae), Xysticus cor (Thomisidae), Pellenesnigrociliatus (Salticidae). 3 further species come from adj acent regions, from Trentino Phoroncidiaparadoxa (Theridiidae), from Veneto Uroctea durandi (Oecobiidae), from Istria Oecobius cellariorum. There are mediterranean species at their northernlimit of distribution, together with some others oecurring very discontinuously in southern and in mid-Europe.


Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) is a newer trend in advanced manufacturing. A CAD model could be converted into a physical product seamlessly with minimal human intervention. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a major constituent of DDM. Solid Modeling, G-code and 3D printing are the major steps in AM. AM technology that nests design and manufacturing tasks together offers many benefits but also suffers some constraints. Product design principles of AM are evolving; traditional design approach of "design for cost" and "design for manufacturing" might be relevant to AM, but not sufficient enough to live up to the new capabilities of AM. AM education is essential to support its evolution and widespread adoption. Technological aspect of 3D printing is incorporated in a DDM course offered in the Mechanical Engineering Technology Program. This new course enables students to learn the theoretical aspects as well as help them understand the technological impact of DDM to the manufacturing industry. This course prepares them to deal with the newer developments and face upcoming challenges whether they will be pursuing engineering careers of product designer, 3D printing professionals. In this course students gain hands on experience in AM processes, product designing, 3D printing, and were able to analyze the technology by using product life cycle approach. This newly developed course is successful in attracting a significant number of students. The course helps us to serve the advanced manufacturing community by preparing engineers, who are better equipped with the latest knowledge and skills. The outcome of this paper might be of relevance to anyone planning to offer similar courses in their institutions. The authors believe that this course will be a foundational one for developing future courses relevant to the field of DDM.


THE Hill Farming Research Organisation (HFRO) was established in 1954 as an independent state-aided institute with a board of management appointed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. It is financed by the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and receives advice on scientific work and on staff management from the Agricultural Research Council in London. The total staff complement is about 130, of whom 70 are scientists; of the latter, 20 are initiators or project leaders. The headquarters and laboratories are on the Bush Estate six miles from Edinburgh. The Estate is owned by the University of Edinburgh and the twelve university departments and research institutes that use it, in addition to HFRO, jointly constitute the Edinburgh Centre of Rural Economy. The Organisation has direct control of five farms which offer a range of different soils, vegetation types and climates, so providing an extensive variety of conditions for experimental work. The farms are: House o' Muir, Bush, Midlothian (245 ha) ; Glensaugh, Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire (790 ha) ; the Red Deer Farm (200 ha) at thesame location: Lephinmore, Strathlachlan, Argyll (1135 ha) ; and Sourhope, Yetholm, Roxburghshire (1120 ha) . The aim of the Organisation's work is to improve the economic viability of the production of meat animals from the upland and hill pastoral resources of the United Kingdom. Work falls into two main areas: (1) Research aimed at understanding the biological factors of significance in determining pasture and animal production in hill and upland environments, and (2) the development of systems of animal production based on this improved knowledge and whose objective is the optimal use of available resources. The Organisation has mainly worked with hill sheep, some of this work being briefly described in this article, but in recent years its activities have been extended to include upland sheep, beef cattle and red deer.


The purely growing ordinary (O) mode instability for counter-streaming bi-Maxwellian plasma particle distribution functions has recently received renewed attention due to its importance for the solar wind plasma. Here, the analytical marginal instability condition is derived for magnetized plasmas consisting of equal-mass charged particles, distributed in counter-streams with equal temperatures. The equal-mass composition assumption enormously facilitates the theoretical analysis due to the equality of the values of the electron and positron (positive and negative ion) plasma and gyrofrequencies. The existence of a new instability domain of the O-mode at small plasma beta values is confirmed, when the parallel counter-stream free energy exceeds the perpendicular bi-Maxwellian free energy.


This poster introduces the novel idea of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools on unpublished articles, thereby alerting writers and editors to the potential problems that these articles may pose to NLP tools, post-publication, and offering them the option to nip such problems in the bud. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, the poster takes on the NLP tool Wikify! and uses it in the aforementioned manner, introduces an automated feature that might be deployed alongside it using WordNet and analyzes the results thus generated.


We present a GPU-based method to accelerate the image reconstruction using TD-qPAT, reducing the reconstruction time from days to minutes and making it feasible as a powerful tool in clinical applications of breast cancer imaging.


Species composition and diversity of wood-inhabiting polypores were examined in beech, Castanopsis, secondary oak, secondary pine, Japanese cedar, and Hinoki cypress forests situated in a temperate area of Japan. Cluster analysis of the polypore communities revealed a correlation between forest vegetation types and the species composition of polypores occurring in the forests. Diversity of polypores is high in beech forests compared with secondary forests and conifer plantations. There are several specific species to beech, Castanopsis, and secondary pine forests, respectively. Secondary oak forests are expected to act as refuge and corridors for many of the species dwelling in hardwood forests.


On the upper slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico, topographic features are often asso- ciated with authigenic carbonate, which provides hard substrate for sessile benthic communities. At depths >300 m, large Lophelia pertusa colonies frequently occur on these carbonate outcroppings. Surficial sediments at these depths are dominated by fine-grained particulates, which are readily resuspended during the episodic high current events that have been documented for the Gulf of Mexico. Colonies of L. pertusa found in the deep Gulf of Mexico exhibit 2 distinct growth forms: the very heavily calcified 'brachycephala' and the more fragile 'gracilis'. The objective of this research was to determine the tolerance of these 2 morphotypes to suspended sediment and to complete bur- ial, using sediment collected from the study region. Results demonstrated that, although both mor- photypes of L. pertusa can tolerate fairly heavy sediment conditions, mortality increases rapidly with longer burial or higher sediment loads.


A strategy for the primary stucture characterization of reduced peptidoglycan trimers derived from muramidase-digested murein (e.g. isolated from the cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa) is outlined. First, muropeptides are separated by gel filtration according to their size (degree of cross-linking). This step is followed by reduction with sodium borohydride and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Trimeric and oligomeric compounds (molecular weight range 2500–4500 Da), in particular, are present in small quantities and therefore sophisticated methods for characterization are required due to the biological importance of these components. For determining moecular weight with high accuracy, positive-ion plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) proves to be a well-suited analytical method with sufficient sensitivity (medium picomole range) and mass accuracy (±0.04%). Based on combined data from PDMS, gel chromatography, HPLC and amino acid and amino sugar analyses, the primary structure of peptidoglycan trimeric compounds could be determined unambiguously.


The Salton Trough (ST) is located in southeastern California and extends into northern Baja, Mexico. Structurally the ST consists of predominantly northwest-trending, right-lateral, strike-slip faults separated by a series of down-dropped basinal areas. A variety of processing techniques were used to enhance gravity and magnetic data which were used to help define the structural styles present in the sediment-filled ST, and to define the boundaries of the basinal areas. The system of strike-slip faults and related basinal areas in interpreted to be a late Neogene style of deformation that overprints an earlier-formed extensional basin. The intrusion of Neogene intrusive rocks into the sediment-filled ST has resulted in the development of a number of geothermal systems including the Salton Sea (SS) system. A characteristic feature of the commercially productive geothermal systems in the ST is the presence of high-temperature (> 250 C) saline brines. The chemistry of these brines varies widely within the ST. Data from a large number of analyses of the SS geothermal system brines and scales document the presence of a variety of metallic elements including: Pb, ZN, Cu, Mn, Ag, and Au. A variety of mineral deposits occur within and adjacent to the ST including the largemore » open pit Mesquite gold mine. However, none of the gold deposits along the margin of the ST formed from a fossil geothermal system analogous to the SS system. Fossil analogs to SS type systems are suggested to be present in the Proterozoic Mt. Isa block in northern Australia. Deposits in this part of Australia consist of several world-class base metal deposits including the Mt. Isa mine. Structural controls on the localization of geothermal systems in the ST may be similar to those controlling the distribution of mineralization in ancient continental rift systems such as those in northern Australia.« less


Objective:To investigate the distribution of Ursolic Acid Phospholipid Nanoparticles(UA-PL-NP) in mice.Methods:Kunming mice were injected UA-PL-NA through caudal veins,and the plasma and the main tissues of these mice were collected at 5 min,1 h and 4 h after injection,respectively.RP-HPLC method was used to determine the concentrations of UA in the plasma and the main tissues.Results:(1) UA mainly distributed in liver and gastrointestinal tissues.(2) A linear increase was noted with increasing concentrations of UA in the main tissues.(3) UA concentration decreased rapidly in gas-trointestinal tissue,and only an extremely low concentration was remained at 4 h after injection.UA concentration in liver in-creased constantly after injection,and even at 4 h after injection,it maintained a high level [(52.15±18.61) mg·kg-1].Conclu-sion:UA-PL-NP distributes quickly in liver and gastrointestinal tissues on the early stage of injection.After administration,UA concentration in gastrointestinal tissues releases into blood and the redistribution reaches balance.In this way,a high-concentration of UA maintains in liver tissue.UA-PL-NP has a good hepatic targeting distribution characteristic in mice.


Legal hermeneutics is a practical discipline,the study of which should be oriented towards the practical problems.The current study focuses on its logic modal,without paying sufficient attention to its application.Thus,the innovation of legal hermeneutics demands an integrated study with the sociology of law.In addition,both Chinese and Western experience and wisdom should be adopted to help seek for solutions from the reality and history.It is an inevitable route to highlight the subjectivity of jurisprudence and to develop Chinese jurisprudence.


A new 4-hydroxy-3-carboxycoumarin ligand and its ruthenium(II) complexes (1–5) have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, compounds 1–5 were investigated for antioxidant activities using superoxide radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, in which most of them displayed significant antioxidant activities. Furthermore, compounds 1–5 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using indirect haemolytic and lipoxygenase inhibition assays and revealed good activity. The new complexes were characterized using spectroscopic methods in addition to elemental analysis.


Structural variants (SVs) include copy number variants (CNVs) and apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements (ABCRs). Genome sequencing (GS) enables SV detection at base‐pair resolution, but the use of short‐read sequencing is limited by repetitive sequences, and long‐read approaches are not yet validated for diagnosis. Recently, 10X Genomics proposed Chromium, a technology providing linked‐reads to reconstruct long DNA fragments and which could represent a good alternative. No study has compared short‐read to linked‐read technologies to detect SVs in a constitutional diagnostic setting yet. The aim of this work was to determine whether the 10X Genomics technology enables better detection and comprehension of SVs than short‐read WGS.


In the following article the attention is paid mainly to public space attractiveness questions. The main idea in a context of aesthetic and functional issues of urban renewal is to enable all the participants to start a dialogue. It is needed so as to identify local community's needs, preferences and aspirations. There is presented a case study of a city of Poznan in the context of a common city centre problems as well as ongoing spatial and social changes.


There is widespread recognition that healthcare organizations must focus on providing quality care and improving patient safety while at the same time addressing financial challenges through cost effectiveness. In addition to looking to government healthcare reform to address financial difficulties, healthcare executives and clinicians also have an ethical responsibility to examine their own roles and responsibilities in addressing these challenges.


The article applying machine vision technology, the collection and return before the ball grid array (BGA) chip image, the image after preprocessing, using point analysis method for various solder ball area of the image tag, solder ball number were obtained through the calculation and the solder ball location, size, and so on characteristics, establish judgment standard and compare to such information in sequence, to determine the chip is qualified or not, and types of unqualified chip judging its defects; MATLAB to complete the image preprocessing and specific detection program writing; The experimental results show that this method can correctly identify the defect types, and has a good guarantee in the detection speed and reliability.


"Invalidating ecclesiastical laws may be considered as not binding in certain circumstances either because the Church lacks the power to enforce them or because the Church would not wish to enforce them." These words, though not an exact quotation, represent a conclusion expressed in this review several years ago by Hilary R. Werts, S J. A recent study of the same subject made by Father Lawrence Riley reaches a conclusion which is partly in agreement, partly at variance, with Father Werts. Father Riley agrees that ecclesiastical invalidating laws may cease to bind by reason of lack of power in the legislator; he denies that an epikeia in the strict sense is ever applicable to these laws. I am not interested here in taking sides in a debate between Fathers Werts and Riley. Emotionally, I favor Father Werts's conclusion because I feel more at ease in interpreting the will of the Church than in deciding the limits of her power. Naturally, however, I would not offer this emotional reaction as an objection against Father Riley's contention. But I find some of his points about limitation of power too intriguing to allow me to pass up entirely this occasion to make some reference to them. For instance, outlining the cases of restricted power, he says:


The chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) has been shown to cause skeletal muscle dysfunction and reductions in MyoD gene expression. Creatine monohydrate (Cr) supplementation and resistance training (RT), however, have been shown to increase MyoD expression and improve skeletal muscle function, but their effects on DOX myotoxicity have yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of DOX treatment, RT, Cr, and combined Cr and RT on late‐onset DOX myotoxicity and MyoD expression. Male rats randomly assigned to control diet+sedentary+saline (SS), control diet+sedentary+DOX (SD), control diet+RT+DOX (RD), Cr+sedentary+DOX (CrSD), and Cr+RT+DOX (CrRD) were fed either standard rodent chow or a diet supplemented with 3% Cr for 40 days, and on day 14, animals received daily 1 mg/kg DOX injections for 12 consecutive days (12 mg/kg cumulative) or saline as a placebo. After injections, RD and CrRD were housed in cages where food and water were gradually raised to act as a RT model. Forelimb grip strength was assessed at baseline and throughout the 40‐day treatment period. Following drug treatments and dietary/exercise interventions, the right soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were excised and analyzed for MyoD expression using Western blotting. From baseline to day 40, SS had an increase in grip strength (+20%, P<0.05), and this increase was not observed in SD, RD, or CrSD (+3%, +7%, and +2%, respectively, P>0.05); however, an increase in grip strength over the 40‐day period was observed in CrRD (+25%, P<0.05). In the SOL, no between group differences in MyoD expression were observed (P=0.093), and when compared to SS, MyoD expression in the SOL was 37% lower in SD. No trends in the nutrition and exercise interventions modulating MyoD expression were observed (−51%, −36%, and −64% vs. SS in RD, CrSD, CrRD, respectively). Similarly, no between group differences in EDL MyoD expression were observed (P=0.57) with SD, RD, CrSD, and CrRD expressing 46%, 42%, 21%, and 27% lower MyoD, respectively, than SS. Combined Cr and RT preserved grip strength following DOX treatment, but MyoD expression does not seem to be involved in this myoprotection. It is possible that myogenic regulatory factors other than MyoD may be involved in Cr and RT‐induced protection against DOX myotoxicity.


Abstract In this paper we consider the explicit formulas for the multiplicities of an irreducible representation of a complex simple Lie algebra of class G2.


MULTICULTURAL education, which since the late 1970's has been an important concept in American teacher education programs, but less influen cial in K-12 public education, has been defined in more than several ways. Analysis of these definitions and the status of multicultural education in selected school districts and teacher education programs in California sug gests that the variety of existing definitions has not been helpful. Conceptual confusion still impedes the progress of multicultural education, and there is a huge gap between the theory, the definitions, and the practice of multicultural education in the teacher education programs and school districts on the Central Coast of California, a 300 mile stretch of land which encompasses twenty school districts of varying size. Readers of this essay will likely recognize symptoms of this conceptual confusion and lack of well defined, effectively delivered, multicultural programs in their own spheres of influence and service areas.


In the paper, nonlinear vibration characteristics of a rotor system are investigated. Such a nonlinear rotor system is subjected to brush seal forces, which are obtained by integrating the bristle force along the entire ring. The nonlinear brush seal rotor system is constructed by merging a flexible rotor with nonlinear seal forces. The research is aimed at studying the nonlinear vibration characteristics and bifurcations of the motions under a variety of eccentricity circumstances. Different kinds of bifurcations are successfully obtained by mathematical discretization and mapping manipulation. Such a discrete mapping method successfully predicts the stable and unstable motions accurately. The period-doubling bifurcations and saddle node bifurcations of the rotor system are obtained. The sole unstable solutions are obtained, which are special, and a normal numerical integration method cannot solve this problem, which provides advantages in rotor design and motion control. According to the results, nonlinear resonances are found between the stable and unstable motions. The greater the eccentricity of the rotor, the greater the number of bifurcation points that occur during the rotor's nonlinear motions, as well as the larger the ranges of speeds where the motions are unstable. Saddle node bifurcations generate unstable nonlinear motions and non-smooth motions, which may bring damage to the mechanical rotors. The period-doubling bifurcations produce the route from period-1 to period-2 motions in the nonlinear rotor system. The research provides a new perspective to study the bifurcations and stability of the nonlinear rotor systems.


The air-water dispersion structure in the impeller region of a 0.333 m standard Rushton turbine in a 1.0 m diameter vessel was explored by means of a computerised capillary suction probe. Local buble size was measured in the impeller zone at 63 nodes of a high resolution grid in the vertical half-section plane between two baffles. Spatial distributions of the Sauter mean bubble diameter are presented. In the impeller stream, they are highly non-uniform, reflecting non-homogeneous turbulence. The vertical distributions of the Sauter bubble diameter exhibit a greater spread than the radial distributions. They are asymmetric about the turbine disc plane and show a minimum at this level, which gradually flattens towards the wall of the tank. Increasing the impeller speed reduces the bubble size and gives rise to an increased spread in the bubble size distributions


(1) Background: It is becoming more common to incorporate education in programming into educational environments. (2) Methods: In order to show the benefits of including teaching programming, we present an investigation carried out with a group of Spanish schoolchildren in the fifth year of primary education (ages 10–11). We demonstrate an integrated experience in the ordinary curriculum connecting technology to mathematics education. We created a work project for students to use Scratch and to assess its benefits, created two groups of students, an experimental and a control group, with a sample of 3795 individuals. They were administered the online version of the Battery of Mathematical Competence Evaluation (BECOMA On) at two timepoints, the pretest (the beginning of the project) and the post-test (the final stage). (3) Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between groups and timepoints, with the experimental group scoring higher, demonstrating the effectiveness of the education in programming program for mathematics. (4) Conclusions: Education systems face a challenge in the sphere of the consolidation of technologies in education with the consequent need to change didactic designs to enhance quality, equitable, sustainable education processes.


This book is a primer for anthropologists and archaeologists on the statutes and administrative systems governing historic preservation in the United States. As such, it contains chapters on the history of historic preservation in the United States since the late 19th century, historic preservation laws, state and federal agencies, the qualifications necessary for placement of a property on the National Register of Historic places, surveying of historic properties, a case study of a mythical town which requires a historic properties survey before construction of a reservoir may proceed. Appendices include a list of all relevant U.S. Statutes, Procedures, and Associated Memoranda; and examples of a completed form for nomination to the National Register, a memorandum of agreement calling for salvage archaeology before construction, and letters to agencies notifying them of compliance problems or soliciting advice. See also AATA 17-143 and 18-186.


NOVARTIS LAST WEEK OFfered to acquire the shares it does not already own of U.S. vaccines maker Chiron for $40 per share or $4.5 billion in cash. The Swiss drug company currently holds a 42.2% stake in Chiron. The offer, announced Thursday, capped an up-and-down week for Chiron, which has experienced serious interruptions at vaccine plants in the U.K. and Germany over the past year. Chiron's report of a favorable FDA inspection of its Liverpool, England, facility, where it manufactures the influenza vaccine Fluvirin for the U.S. market, was followed by word that FDA has approved a competing vaccine, GlaxoSmithKline's Fluarix, for the upcoming flu season. Last week, GSK also announced that it will purchase Wyeth's vaccine plant in Marietta, Pa. A Novartis spokesman says his firm, which has held its stake in Chiron since 1995, considers vaccines a $10 billion-per-year world market in which there is a potential to ...


disturbing prospect. Have we truly reached the point where critics and historians agree withWhite that "our interpretations of history and society can claim no more authority than our interpretations of literature can claim" (see his essay in Diacritics, March 1978, p. 9)? A pluralist presents himself as tolerant and holistic, and would surely chastize a critic like Girard, who is so adamant about the centrality of his own theory. But in assembling "many views," pluralism serves, I think, to keep its material in separate compartments, and to prevent the appearance of any method that regards our social practice as something other (and more demanding) than "one more interpretation." An interpretation that claims or holds title to authoritymay be, as White suggests, "fictive," based upon a certain figure or trope. But its status as a verbal fiction does not mean that its power is diminished: authority may still be a source of power, command allegiance, and exclude forms of opposition, whatever our insistence on its linguistic character. White's argument might be turned around: if the dominant authority is not factual, not a given, then we are free to disobey and work to change it. William E. Cain


Abstract Editor's note: The November/December issue of the NACLA Report included an article titled "Building the Homeland Security State," by Roberto Lovato. The article contained a sentence that, due to a regrettable error on the part of NACLA's editor, not Lovato, misstated labor and immigration journalist David Bacon's interpretation of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency's immigrant deportation raids. The sentence should have read: "David Bacon posits that the crackdown is purposefully meant to trigger a political crisis that will pressure Congress to approve the migration policy the government has been pushing for all along: a temporary guest-worker program"—whereas the published sentence mistakenly had Bacon positing that the crackdown was meant to trigger a labor shortage. Nonetheless, a substantive disagreement between Bacon and Lovato remains on how to interpret the raids, and immigration policy more broadly. Below, Lovato replies to Bacon's letter published in the January/February issue ("Debating the Raids: A Misstatement and a Disagreement").


Development documents of a railway signaling system based on ADS (Autonomous Decentralized System) [1] architecture has conformity with RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) standard IEC 62278. A project to replace existing ATP (Automatic Train Protection) system in Tokyo metropolitan commuter lines with new one had been successfully carried out from 1996 to 2004 keeping continuity of service through the construction including extension of renewal sections. An examination on the documents of the project showed that ADS design concept realized suitable documentation architecture as well as reasonable procedure of allocation of safety-related functions and hardware devices both to meet with the requirements of documentation manners from the RAMS standard.


Nissen fundoplication is considered the 'gold standard' in antireflux surgery but some surgeons employ a different surgical strategy when gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is associated with motor disorders of the oesophageal body.


culosis. The only niche which has been allotted to it is in our books on surgery, where it is classed among diseases of bone,?a position as erroneous as would diseases of the joints be for rheumatism. The scanty notice which is there taken of it is wholly inadequate to enable our students to form any proper idea of the malady, leaving as they do most of the characteristic constitutional symptoms unnoticed. An accurate description of rickets is not to be found in any of our text-books. It is not to be wondered then, that it should hold the anomalous position we have here indicated, and that many erroneous ideas regarding it should be prevalent in the profession. Dr Schcepf Merei,1 in his inquiries as to its frequency in different parts of the country, collected the opinions of


Co-operative interaction between water-soluble polymers has been a topic of investigation world-wide because of their importance from both scientific and practical viewpoint. Our work is focused on the investigation of complex formation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and the interaction with inorganic fine particles for example negatively charged quartz powder and silicic acid. The cationic polyelectrolytes tested were poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDADMAC) and polyallylamine (PAA), differing in the molar mass, the molecular geometry and charge density. The anionic polyelectrolytes used were copolymers of maleic acid with propylene (MS-P), stryrene (MS-Sty) and methylstyrene (MS-α-MeSty). Two different principles of surface modification with polyelectrolyte complexes were tested. On the first hand previous prepared non-stoichiometric complex dispersions carrying cationic excess charges were contacted to the substrate and on the other hand the polycation was preadsorbed on the oppositely charged surface before an equimolar amount of polyanion was added. Both methods show different results in the reachable surface charge. It is important to note that a synergistic effect with respect to the cationic surface charge was found in dependence on the surface charge density of the substrate, the chosen polyelectrolyte combinations and the used modification procedure. From the results it is concluded that steric factors of the polyelectrolytes are responsible for conformation and stoichiometry of the formed polyelectrolyte complexes and thus the effectiveness of charge modification with polyelectrolyte complex is also determined by the characteristics of the used polyions.


Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection causes several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common AIDS‐associated tumors. The involvement of the oral cavity represents one common clinical manifestation of AIDS‐KS individuals with periodontal diseases and an oral carriage of a variety of pathogenic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the current study, we report the clinical relevance of P. gingivalis and KSHV coinfection in the oral cavity of a cohort of HIV+ patients. Furthermore, we found that P. gingivalis conditioned medium or derived lipopolysaccharide effectively induced KSHV lytic reactivation from infected oral cells. This reactivation requires TLR4 as well as the activities of p38 and Jun N‐terminal kinase‐ mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Our findings reveal the mechanisms through which coinfected periodontal pathogens potentially promote oncogenic virus pathogenesis in the unique niche of immunocompromised patients.


Objective To observe the pathological features of skeletal muscle fiber regeneration in patients with motor neuron disease.Methods The skeletal muscle specimens were obtained from the patients with motor neuron disease.Then frozen serial sections were made and the sections were treated with HE stain and immunohistochemistry stain.Meanwhile,some skeletal muscle samples were used to observed under electron microscopy.The regeneration of muscle fibers were observed under the optical microscope,and the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fiber regeneration were observed under the electron microscope.Results No significant regeneration of muscle fibers were found in HE and immunohistochemistry stain.But still and activating satellite cells were seen in skeletal muscle of the patients by electron microscopy.Conclusion The activation,cleavage and early regeneration of muscle satellite cells were observed in patients with motor neuron disease by the electron microscopy.


The invention discloses marine seawater desalting method and equipment which couple a freezing method and a distilling method by utilizing an absorption type heat pump. The method comprises the steps of precooling-preheating, freezing-evaporating, washing-condensing, melting-condensing, and the like. According to the invention, because the novel cold and heat cogeneration seawater desalting method is realized by fully utilizing residual heat resources at different temperatures on a ship, the whole system is simple and feasible, is convenient for operation, can be used for optimally utilizing energy, has the characteristics of large desalted water output and high desalted water quality, is especially suitable for low-cost small-scale production on the ship and can be widely applied to the field of seawater desalting.


This committee report documents two-terminal HVDC system model structures for power system stability analysis. These-models are intended for steady-state and transient stability analysis. The DC system structures are limited to two-terminal links; however, the modularity of the control systems will make extension to multi-terminal systems relatively easy. The modularity of the structure will also facilitate the incorporation of newer control schemes for AC/DC systems.


Adopting a functional approach, the article compares European 'constitutional disobedience' doctrines and the Calvo doctrine. This latter, elaborated to counteract interventions of foreign powers and positivized in several Latin-American constitutions, has been re-discovered as a counter-hegemonic instrument against sources of international economic law based on neo-liberal ideology. Positive law and judicial practice show that, while today both the European and Calvo doctrines protect the axiological identity of domestic orders against 'outer' legal systems influenced by utilitarian rationalities, their implementation and efficacy largely diverge, due to their different socio-legal contexts. The article finally outlines the elements of a "general" constitutional disobedience doctrine, which could be an immanent principle of constitutional orders.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)in interventional therapy for lung cancer.Methods:Interventional therapy was performed in 45 patients with lung cancer.MSCTA of tumor supplying artery was performed in 22 of 45 patients,with helical thin slice CT scanning.Images of MSCT enhanced scanning were processed.Spatial anatomical characters of tumor supplying artery using different rotations of view were observed.DSA and interventional therapy were followed up in 22 patients.Results:All tumor supplying arteries in 22 patients with lung cancer were observed using VR,MPR,MIP,which could exactly be shown about their origin,course and diameter.Among them,some tumor supplying arteries(bronchial arteries) could reach far from the segment bronchi or entered into the lesion.Volume rendering images were the best among these images.DSA had a high consistency with MSCTA in displaying the tumor vascularity,tumor stain,and origin of tumor supplying artery in the patients who received MSCTA and the interventional therapy.Conclusion:The anatomy chatacters of tumor supplying artery in patients with lung cancer could be displayed stereographically and clearly by MSCTA,which can provide practical evidence in interventional therapy,and have the potential to increase the safety and effect in interventional therapy for lung cancer.


Recently, software, especially CPS and Internet of Things (IoT), increasingly have high requirements for quality, while program defects exist inevitably duo to the high complexity. Program defect repair faces serious challenges in that such repairs require considerable manpower, and the existing automatic repair approaches have difficulty generating correct patches efficiently. This paper proposes an automatic method for repairing semantic defects in Java programs based on restricted sets which refer to the interval domains of related variables that can trigger program semantic defects. Our work introduces a repair mechanism symmetrically combining defect patterns and repair templates. First, the program semantic defects are summarized into defect patterns according to their grammar and semantic features. A repair template for each type of defect pattern is predefined based on a restricted-set. Then, for each specific defect, a patch statement is automatically synthesized according to the repair template, and the detected defect information is reported by the static detection tool (DTSJava). Next, the patch location is determined by the def-use chain of defect-related variables. Finally, we evaluate the patches generated by our method using DTSJava. We implemented the method in the defect automatic repair prototype tool DTSFix to verify the effect of repairing the semantic defects detected by DTSJava in 6 Java open-source projects. The experimental results showed that 109 of 129 program semantic defects were repaired.


The xylem exudate from the cut stem bases of spring wheat plants grown in a glasshouse were collected at periods during the growing season. The rates of xylem exudation and the concentration of nitrate and various amino acids in the exudate were measured from plants grown with four levels of N and four levels of K. Rates of exudation were linear over 2-3 h after excision of the stems and were generally increased by N treatment. At most harvests the amount of nitrate-N in the exudate was less than the total amino acid-N; although both were increased by increased N nutrition, the effect on the former was greater. Glutamic and aspartic acids were the major components measured when the amino acids were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography (g.l.c.); however, these were probably present in the exudate as their respective amides. Comparison of the amino acid composition of the xylem exudate from the cut shoot base, with the xylem contents of the final node subtending the ear and of the final seed protein suggested that the majority of the amino acids were either transported to the ear in the phloem or made there from asparagine and glutamine.


This research aims to develop a framework using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to perform modeling and mapping of flood spatiotemporal variation in urban micro-watersheds. The GIS-framework includes a workflow of several methods and processes including delineation of urban watershed, generation of runoff hydrographs, and time series mapping of inundation depths and flood extent. This framework is tested in areas previously known to have experienced flooding at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas main campus, including Black Parking Lot (Blacklot) and East Mall. Calibration is performed by varying Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution, rainfall temporal resolution, and clogging factor whereas validation is performed using flood information from news reports and photographs. The testing at the Blacklot site resulted in calibration at 5 m DEM resolution and clogging factor of 0.83. The flood model resulted in an error of 24% between the estimated (26 inches/66 cm) and actual (34 inches/86.36 cm) flood depths. The estimated flood extents are consistent with the reported conditions and observed watermarks in the area. The flood beginning time estimated from the model is also consistent with the news reports. The testing at East Mall site also shows consistent results. The GIS framework provides spatiotemporal maps of flood inundation for visualization of flood dynamics. This research provides insight into flood modeling and mapping for a storm drain inlet-based watershed.


A to strengthen the velocity and pressure of Tankaberyu allows a reduction in tip clogging, and to provide a compressor rotor blade includes an airfoil that can increase the throttle margin. A rotor blade having an airfoil for a compressor is described. The airfoil includes a airfoil root, an airfoil tip located span distance from the airfoil root, a front edge extending airfoil tip from root airfoil, airfoil root and the airfoil a Department inner span region between the front first vertical position of the upper edge ( "S1"), airfoil positioned radially outward from the first and height, the first height position part central span region located between the front second height position of the upper edge ( "S2") and an outer span region between said airfoil tip and the second height position ( "S3" ) and has, airfoil has a normalized chamber profile having a large normalization chamber than 2.2 in enhanced and outer span region in the outer span region span direction toward the tip. .FIELD 1


Bi-directional Long-Short term Memory in Deep Learning is often used to solve the problem of long-term dependency and gradient explosion. The combination of forward and backward sequences also includes more semantic information. However, the influence of keywords in documents is not clearly addressed. Attention mechanism has been successfully used in several start-of-the-art natural language processing related applications. In the field of text processing, the methods of calculating attention weights are typically at the word level. Although these methods improve the performance of a model, they increase the computational cost significantly. In this paper, we propose to calculate attention weights at the structured event level since 1) events contain richer semantics than words or phrases; and 2) event-based attention mechanism reduces computational cost. Different from the existing deep learning model which does not rely on the text statistical features, we add the statistical features on the basis of attention weight calculation. Compared with the existing models, the semantic information contained in the event structure and the corresponding statistical features improves the quality of the text vector representation and achieves better classification performance. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our model in terms of accuracy, recall and F-Score. The experimental results show that our model achieves better results while reducing the computational cost.


Imagine the sorrow: an American Indian is paddling his way down a quiet river when his harmony with this benevolent natural world is abruptly interrupted by factories spewing pollution and motorists tossing the leftovers of their fast-food lunches out of car windows. The Indian has no recourse other than to shed a single tear of sorrow. Few of the tens of millions of Americans who were exposed to this 1971 advertisement ever forgot the image of Cherokee actor Iron Eyes Cody: the stoic yet mournful face, the famous tear, and the canoe, clothing, and braided black hair that dearly marked him as an Indian. (1) The Crying Indian, which the advertisement was commonly called, traded on the power of the stereotypical noble savage, displaced from an idealized past, paddling his way through a modern industrialized landscape. It was not industrial might that gave this advertisement its considerable passion, however; the emotional potency of the Crying Indian depended on viewers accepting that purity, grace, and simplicity are associated with both Indian people and unspoiled nature. The shock the advertisement created came from seeing nature's innocence defiled by industrial culture. Yet the Crying Indian was no back-to-the-land ecological revolutionary. The degradation of nature presented in the advertisement did not arise from an untenable relationship between industrial society and wild nature, but only from the irresponsible disposal of industrialism's bounty. Despite the ugly realities of pollution, the advertisement aimed to reassure the viewer that nature and industry could coexist.


Renewable resource modeling is usually characterized by different time scales where some state variables such as biomass may evolve relatively faster than other state variables such as carrying capacity. A strong form of time scale separation (STSS) means that a slowly changing variable is treated as constant over time. Management rules that assume STSS do not account for a time scale externality and this may induce inefficiencies in resource management. In the current work, we study multispecies resource management under time scale separation by adopting the framework of singular perturbation reduction methods. By extending recent work by Vardas and Xepapadeas [2015] to interacting populations, we study regulation with full internalization of the time scale externality. We further study regulation and noncooperative outcomes under STSS and identify deviations in harvesting and biomass paths among these cases. Deviations indicate the inefficiencies associated with adopting STSS.


Clouston's hydrotic ectodermal dyplasia is caused by a single dose of an autosomal gene whose effects are confined to the skin and its appendages. ED hair contains more tyrosine and phenylalanine and less serine and proline than normal hair, suggesting a defect in the matrix protein. Further investigation of this protein has confirmed this hypothesis. Electrophoresis of the S-carboxymethyl derovative of the matrix protein (SCMK-B) on starch gel at pH 2.4 generates an abnormal pattern of bands. Moving boundary electrophoresis yields an abnormal peak not present in this protein fraction from normal hair, and sedimentation velocity studies at 360,000 x g show an abnormally high proportion of low molecular weight protein. Hydrolytic cystine yields suggest, and polarography confirms, that the disulphide content in ED hair is abnormally low. This corresponds with an abnormally low-S-carboxymethyl cysteine yield when the fibrillar fraction (SCMK-A) is hydrolysed. The physical and chemical properties of the mutant hair can be explained by these findings which also give considerable insight into the structure of normal keratin.


PEG‐asparaginase is critical in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy but is highly immunogenic. Severe allergic reactions lead to substitution of further PEG‐asparaginase with Erwinia. Erwinia is associated with more frequent dosing, increased expense, and limited availability. Premedication may reduce rates of allergic reactions.


Natsir's view of the relationship between Islam and the state is that religion is not merely a ritual of worship in everyday terms such as prayer or fasting, but religion includes all principles, boundaries in muamalah and social relations. Therefore, in order to ensure that these rules and standards can apply and run as they should, it is necessary and not necessary, there must be strength in social life in the form of power in the state, as warned by the Prophet Muhammad to Muslims that Allah is Allah. holder of the ruling power. It seems that Natsir wants to emphasize that Islam and the state are integrally related, even symbiotic, that is, they are reciprocally related and need each other. In this case, religion needs a state, because with religion and the state it can develop in the field of ethics and morals. This is because in Natsir's understanding that Islam is a complete teaching. Islamic teachings do not contain other aspects such as the field of law regarding statehood, so the establishment of a state is a necessity as argued by H.A.R. Gibb, For Natsir Islam is not just a religion, but also a complete civilization. For that in Islam it is irrelevant to separate Religion from the State because universal Islamic values cannot be separated from the idea of forming a state.


1 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, 2 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 3 National Committee for Leprosy, Buruli Ulcer, Yaws and Leishmaniasis Control, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon, 4 Bankim District Hospital, Bankim, Cameroon, 5 Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 6 FAIRMED Africa Regional Office, Yaounde, Cameroon


While marginalization and exploitation of women in economic development in the colonial context have been well publicized, their marginalization and abuse in the criminal justice system hav...


The agglomeration phenomena of a few nanometer thick Au/Fe bilayers, grown on an MgO(100) substrate, were studied by using atomic force microscopy and x ray diffraction (XRD). The authors found that the insertion of an Fe ultrathin layer between an MgO(100) substrate and a 4 nm thick Au layer promotes the agglomeration process of the Au layer, in which the bilayer structure changes into large Fe/Au islands of ∼200 nm in diameter. In addition, XRD results revealed that the Au in the agglomerated islands has only a (111)-crystallographic orientation, presumably caused by reducing the large surface energy of Au on the MgO(001) substrate. These findings are quite different from cases in which structural stabilization is achieved by inserting an Fe seeding layer of a few nanometers on an MgO(001) substrate.


The fifth-generation mobile communication network (5G) technology is a hot topic in the current mobile communication field, and the channel coding technology is the foundation to realize the reliable communication of 5G mobile system. This paper introduces the development of 5G technology and the development of standards, with emphasis on the features and applications of Turbo, LDPC and Polar codes, and compares these three technologies. Finally, the future development of 5G channel coding standard is prospected.


Experimental results are presented on conduction, breakdown, and switching in Al–SiO2–Si MOS dots. Transitions from the low‐conduction state are found to terminate in self‐healing breakdowns. There also exists a higher‐conduction state in which destructive breakdowns do not occur.


The design of the dental office can play a role in improving dentist/patient relationships. The design can also enhance dental services marketing efforts. This study was undertaken to determine the level of satisfaction of dentists in Texas with the design of their offices and to identify which aspects of dental office design needed further improvement. A two–page questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 199 dentists currently practicing in Texas eighty–six (43.2%) responded. The questionnaire asked subjects to evaluate the interior design of their offices. Results determined that as many as one–half of dental office relocations occur because of changes needed in the interior. Dentists do most of the interior planning for their own offices. Features of dental office design perceived to be in need of improvement were: planning of a staff lounge area, access for wheel chairs, and design of the office to be suitable for future plans. "Warmth" and "competency" were images dentists most wanted to communicate to the patient community, and most Dentists perceived a need for improved dental office design services.


A class of highly programmable radio architectures is described. Because of distinctly different constraints associated with each propagation environment, compact modular radio frequency (RF) units are needed for each class of radio network to be accessed. These RF units perform the frequency translation of the signals to and from a common high intermediate frequency, which ultimately may be as high as several hundred megahertz. This requires converting between the analog and digital domains at very high sampling rates, which in turn creates some significantly challenging technical problems. Technological issues are discussed in the areas of analog-digital interface and digital up-and-downconversion. An overview of present research and development activity is given.<<ETX>>


Conclusion Sulfanilamide, 4,4′-di- (acetylamino)-diphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-diaminobenzenesulfonanilide have no therapeutic value in the treatment of mice infected intraäbdominally with virulent B. pertussis.


The physical parameters of the plasma-induced ablation mechanism were investigated using a picosecond Nd:YLF laser system. The laser consists of a diode-pumped oscillator and a lamp- pumped regenerative amplifier. It operates at a wavelength of 1.053 micrometers with pulse durations of 30 ps and pulse energies up to 1 mJ. The laser beam was expanded to a diameter of 4 mm and focussed to spot sizes of about 30 micrometers . At these high power densities a localized plasma was induced at the focal spot. Surfaces of extracted human teeth were used as target material. In order to study the effect of accompanying shock waves, dye penetration tests, hardness tests and polarized microscopy were performed. At moderate pulse energies no significant impact of shock waves was observed. Because of this result, the terms `plasma- induced ablation' or `plasma-mediated ablation' are more appropriate for ablations solely induced by plasma ionization, and should be distinguished from photodisruptive ablations. In another series of experiments the generated plasma sparks were spectroscopically analyzed. From the measured spectra, mean plasma temperatures of about 5 eV and mean electron densities of about 1018/cm3 were estimated.


OBJECTIVE To prepare new anti-hepatitis B virus medcine "Huaiqi fungal substance ?". METHODS Bi-directional fementation engineering was applied. RESULTS Huaiqi fungal substance ? was obtained from the fermentative composition of Huaier fungal and Huangqi. The extract of Huaiqi fungal substance ? showed effects of immunity promotion, anti-virus and liver protection. CONCLUSION The pharmacological actions of the property of medicinal fungal substance suggested that the bi-directional fementation engineering may possiblly provide a new way to prepare new traditional Chinese medicines. Various fungal substances may probablly become new fields of Chinese medicines development.


This paper investigates the performance of rail vehicle suspensions with inerters under a combination of three track excitations, which are random irregularity, harmonic and impulsive excitations. A 10 degree-of-freedom vertical dynamic model of a rail vehicle including primary and secondary suspensions is established. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of suspensions containing inerters while the optimization goal is to improve the riding comfort. The vertical and pitch acceleration of the vehicle body as well as the wheel-rail contact force are analyzed at the velocities of 20, 30 and 40m/s. Comparison of different suspension layouts is made in both time domain and frequency domain. Result shows that the suspension layout employing inerters has an overall effect on improving riding comfort.


Cardiac enlargement is an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a precursor both of LV dysfunction and clinical heart failure. The present study examines risk factors for LV dilatation among 832 young adults (341 male, 491 female) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study.


Using the observation data from 14 weather stations in the past 59 years(1952—2010) in the coastal regions of the middle Guangdong, South China, tropical cyclones(TCs) and their frequency, scale, source region distribution, and interannual and decadal variability were studied. Meanwhile, strong wind(velocity ≥10.8m/s) and their return periods were analyzed. The results indicate that the affecting TCs in the region occurred mainly from June to September, and particularly in August. Most of the TCs were severe tropical storm or tropical storm and the most of them were generated at the northern South China Sea or the ocean east of the Philippines. During the 59-year period, the frequency of the TCs increased in 1970's and 1980's but decrease in 1960's and 1995 to 2010; in overall, it trended down in frequency and in strength. The extreme wind in return period showed a rapid decrease from coast to inland, and it is slightly larger in western than in eastern part of the study region.


The much quoted monetary crisis in the scientific publication system is to a large extent caused by the scientific community herself. In the past the world wide publication and distribution of scientific results was outsourced to the commercial publisher system. This cooperation worked for many decades. The introduction of profit oriented marketing strategies into the non existing market area "science" lead to an explosion of costs, especially in the area of journals and periodicals. Universities are now in the absurd situation of being unable to buy the journals in which their own scientists are publishing. In the era of wide spread Internet communication, paper is no longer necessary as a carrier of information and thus the scientific community no longer depends on the traditional publication system. "Open access" is a principle which allows scientists to publish their results in journals important to their career as well as to use modern distribution technologies. Open access must not be confused with the notion of everything being for free.


OBJECTIVE: To study the preventative effects of Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). METHODS: One-hundred and three SAP inpatients were divided randomly into two groups: basic treatment (n=51) and Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) treatment (n=52); corbrin capsules (3 g; t.d.s.) were used 3 days before angioplasty and 3 days after angioplasty). Serum creatinine (Scr) was assessed at the time of hospital admission and 1, 2, and 3 days after angioplasty. Values of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin (IL) 18 in the kidney were detected before angioplasty and 1 day after angioplasty in the patients of both groups. The prevalence of CIN between the two groups was then compared. RESULTS: CIN occurred in 9 of 103 patients (8.74%). The prevalence of CIN in the Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) treatment group was lower than that of the basic treatment group (5.77% vs 11.76%) but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The post-procedure mean peak of Scr, post-procedure increase in Scr levels from baseline, and urine levels of KIM-1, NGAL and IL18 after the procedure in the Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) treatment group were significantly lower than those in the basic treatment group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment with Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) in SAP patients who undergo coronary angiography or coronary intervention could prevent contrast-induced renal impairment.


YABBY genes (CRABS CLAW, LAMENTOUS FLOWER, YABBY2, and YABBY3) are expressed on the abaxial side of lateral organs, such as leaves, and are involved in the establishment of abaxial tissue identity in the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report the expression patterns of a YABBY2 homologue in the lateral organs of Amborella trichopoda, an early‐diverging angiosperm. We found that the homologue is expressed in the adaxial tissues of the carpel and leaf, in contrast to abaxial expression in A. thaliana, which indicates that different patterns of YABBY2 expression evolved within the angiosperms.


[1] An experimental study of vertical mixing and along-channel dispersion parameterized in terms of horizontal mixing near the mouth of the Duplin River (a tidal creek bordered by extensive intertidal salt marshes on Sapelo Island, Georgia) was carried out over several spring/neap cycles in the fall of 2005. Vertical mixing is modulated on both M4 and fortnightly frequencies with maximum turbulent stresses being generated near the bed on periods of maximum flood and ebb and propagating into the water column showing a linear dependence with depth. Values are significantly greater on spring tide than on neap. Horizontal mixing evaluated by salt fluxes is driven and dominated by tidal dispersion, which is also modulated by the fortnightly spring/neap cycle. Net export of salt from the lower Duplin is shown to be due to residual advection modified by upstream tidal pumping. The tidal dispersion coefficient exhibits a pulsating character with greater values on spring tide followed by smaller values on neap tide.


A refraction analysis method is used to determine spinning oil concentration.The experimental results show that the refractive index and oil concentration have linear relation,the relative standard devaitation of measurement is not more than 2% and the recovery rate is 99%.The testing results are consistant with weight method.The method is simple,rapid and has high accuracy which may provide a way to online control process of production when determining oil concentration.


ABSTRACT A central role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the synthesis, folding and quality control of secretory proteins. Secretory proteins usually exit the ER to enter the Golgi apparatus in coat protein complex II (COPII)‐coated vesicles before transport to different subcellular destinations. However, in plants there are specialized ER‐derived vesicles (ERDVs) that carry specific proteins but, unlike COPII vesicles, can exist as independent organelles or travel to the vacuole in a Golgi‐independent manner. These specialized ERDVs include protein bodies and precursor‐accumulating vesicles that accumulate storage proteins in the endosperm during seed development. Specialized ERDVs also include precursor protease vesicles that accumulate amino acid sequence KDEL‐tailed cysteine proteases and ER bodies in Brassicales plants that accumulate myrosinases that hydrolyzes glucosinolates. These functionally specialized ERDVs act not only as storage organelles but also as platforms for signal‐triggered processing, activation and deployment of specific proteins with important roles in plant growth, development and adaptive responses. Some specialized ERDVs have also been exploited to increase production of recombinant proteins and metabolites. Here we discuss our current understanding of the functional diversity, evolutionary mechanisms and biotechnological application of specialized ERDVs, which are associated with some of the highly remarkable characteristics important to plants.


Immortals are mortal, mortals immortal, living the other's death, dead in the other's life. Heraclitus, 22B62 En-owning owns god over to man in that it owns man to god. Heidegger, Contributions to Philosophy (Front Enowning) The relation between philosophy and the existence of Dasein is a recurrent theme in Heidegger's writing. Analyses of anxiety, conscience, and resoluteness sit alongside reminders of the demands made by a philosophical life and calls for commitment on the part of his students. It is not just that philosophy is difficult or time consuming. For Heidegger, there is an unbreakable link between philosophy and the existence of Dasein, insofar as the temporal horizon for the disclosure of Being is to be elicited from the existence of Dasein itself, in and through which the ontological difference occurs. Fundamental ontology rests on an "ontic foundation."1 Moreover, fundamental ontology depends for its success on the extent to which Heidegger's philosophical analysis can preserve the dimension of the ontological difference, while at the same time affirming the necessity of the relation between the optic and the ontological. The recognition of this necessity, which informs the problematic of Being and Time, amounts to an acknowledgment that philosophy itself is inextricably linked to the finitude of human existence: to its temporality, affectivity, understanding, and above all to its mortality. It is for this reason that in Heidegger's view philosophy cannot be undertaken as a specialism abstracted or otherwise set apart from one's existence as a whole. Even as we read denials that authenticity is ethically privileged, it is plain that Heidegger regards philosophy as making extraordinary demands on the individual. Indeed, the "involvement" and "engagement" it demands are such as to require the "illusion, as it were, that the given task at hand is the one and only necessary task"; to accomplish anything at all one must, says Heidegger, have acquired that "art of existing" [Existierkunst] by which this illusion of necessity is conjured and sustained from out of the finitude of existence.2 In view of the fact that Heidegger regards philosophy as a distinctive possibility essential to the existence of Dasein as such, two questions present themselves. First, what are the repercussions for philosophy of its optic foundation in the existence of Dasein? Second, does the activity of philosophy represent the accomplishment of the existence of each individual Dasein? To these, a third may also be added: why is the unique "necessity" of philosophy said by Heidegger to be an "illusion"? These questions will be approached via an issue central to the critical appropriation of Aristotle that figured so highly in the early period of Heidegger's writing; namely, that of the relation between phronesis and sophia.3 Placing the question of this relation in proximity to that of the optic foundation of ontology, and the accompanying interest in the mutual implication of philosophy and existence, will help to shed light both on Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle and on his understanding of finitude of philosophy. Phronesis and Sophia In the course of making the case for sophia as the crowning accomplishment of a good life, Aristotle exhorts us, in line with the overarching teleology that governs his philosophy, not to be satisfied with the Euripidean advice to think as mortals, but rather to be true to the highest, divine, element within our souls.4 The opposition between phronesis and sophia is thereby aligned with that between the human and the divine, the mortal and the immortal. Their crossing, which is never a reduction or subordination, poses the question of mortality in relation to philosophy. In view of Heidegger's acknowledgment of the implication of philosophy in the finitude of human existence, we are bound to reconsider this inter-relation of the human and the divine, the mortal and the immortal. …


Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was incorporated with different amounts of TiO2 nanoparticle and then spun into fibers of different diameters. Surface properties of these modified fibers were investigated by friction force, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). TiO2 nanoparticles showed aggregation on the fiber surface. The number of aggregates increased as the amount of TiO2 nanoparticle increased and/or the diameter of spun fiber decreased. These were evidenced from SEM and also from an increased C(1s)/O(1s) ratio in the ESCA spectra. The aggregates of TiO2 nanoparticle on the fiber surface cause unevenness, leading to a decreased friction-contact area between surface of the sliding fiber and its encountered surface. Thus, the friction force that arose from the interface reduced. In addition, on the basis of different amounts of TiO2, a broad range of fiber frictions could be formed. This would provide promise to potent...


This study is to provide useful database for establishment of elderly`s leisure policy in Korea and the differences of satisfaction of leisure activity and life by the level of participation of the leisure activities for the elderly. We`ve done direct interviews with 464 elders in Daegu, over the age of 60, from May 20 to June 30, 2009 and the results are as following. First, According to the type of leisure activities, the participation level of cultural leisure activities was higher for following categories; women, lower ages, good health, higher education. Second, The life satisfaction according to the general characteristics and self-control had significant differences depends on the age, educational level, health status, living status, income status, household monthly income, financial activity and financial status . The conclusions based on the result of this study are as following. As a method to successfully improve the quality of elder`s life. For happier retirement life for the elders, an active participation, immersion and daily emotions on leisure activities must be controlled, and additionally, develop the ability and efforts for self-control, which is rationally approachable on everyday life, by thorough self health management at leisure activities.


Nowadays, CPS is used widely, especially in cases which need more precise position information, such as car navigation systems and even in the mobile robot for position measuring in the outdoor environment. RTK (Real-Time Kinematics) and DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) have more precise accuracy than the general-purposed GPS. However can`t easily use them because of high prices and large size of equipments. In order fur the mobile robot to obtain precise position information it is important that CPS receiver has portability and low price. In this study, we introduce a new GPS data acquisition system that offers the precise position data using the DGPS mechanism and satisfying low cost and portability. In addition to this, we propose an improved data compensation algorithm that offers more accurate position information to the outdoor mobile robot by compensating the error rate of CPS data measured from the three points with geometrical rotation and distance formula. Proposed method is verified by comparing with the precise real position data obtained by RTK. Proposed method has more than 70% performance enhancement.


Anaemia at admission is a known predictor of death in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-elevation (STEMI). Data on the effect of anaemia on the prognosis in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is less readily available. Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the frequency of anaemia in a Bulgarian tertiary centre NSTEMI patient population, and its effect on the immediate and extended prognosis of the patients. Methods: We performed ambispective analysis of 138 consecutive patients with NSTEMI, and anaemia was defi ned as haemoglobin at admission below 120 g/L for females and below 130 g/L for males. Results: There was no signifi cant difference in the frequencies of standard risk factors between patients with and without anaemia. Anaemic patients tended to be older, with lower body mass index and worse kidney function. Patients with baseline anaemia tended to have higher GRACE risk scores and a larger size of the realised myocardial infarction as judged by maximal reached troponin I. There was no signifi cant difference in interventional treatment in both groups. Median hospital stay was signifi cantly longer in anaemic patients and was marked by more complications. Despite a lack of increase in inhospital bleeding and no difference in treatment with oral antiaggregants, patients with anaemia received haemotransfusion treatment more often. Mortality rate was higher in anaemic patients both during the index hospitalization and during the follow up. Conclusion: Anaemia at admission is associated with an increased risk of both in hospital cardiovascular complications and after dehospitalisation all-cause mortality in patients with NSTEMI and should be considered as an additional risk factor in the global risk assessment of patients.


Background: Children with cleft lip and palate generally suffer from inappropriate and inadequate feeding, resulting in insufficient weight gain leading to malnutrition and poor growth. We aimed to evaluate the nutritional and growth status of cleft lip and palate children before and after reconstructive cleft lip and palate surgery. Methods: All cleft lip and palate children aging from birth up to 36 months who were admitted to a referral Children's Hospital were investigated by a nutritionist. Data were collected using a questionnaire. About 5-6 months after surgery, data regarding their height, weight, feeding status and feeding difficulties were collected by telephone. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. For qualitative variables we used frequency and percentage and for quantitative variables we measured mean and standard deviation. We used Paired Sample T-test for comparing weight differences before and after surgery. Results: In this study, formula was the most common type of feeding before and after surgery. Nasal regurgitation and insufficient sucking was the most common complaint of mother's before surgery, and also nasal regurgitation was reported as the most common difficulty after surgery, probably due to the need for reoperation. Bottle feeding was the most common method of feeding before and after surgery. After surgery only one mother claimed that her child spent more than 30 minutes for feeding. Weight for age of 18 children before surgery was lower than 5th percentile while after surgery this was reduced to 13 children. Also, there were significant differences between mean age before and after surgery which could implicate increase of weight after surgery. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the results of surgical repair of cleft lip and palate on nutritional status in children.


Given <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space over a fixed finite field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, we wish to find a linear layout <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{1},V_{2},\ldots ,V_{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the subspaces such that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\dim ((V_{1}+V_{2}+\cdots +V_{i}) \cap ~(V_{i+1}+\cdots +V_{n}))\le k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; such a linear layout is said to have width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. When restricted to 1-dimensional subspaces, this problem is equivalent to computing the trellis-width (or minimum trellis state-complexity) of a linear code in coding theory and computing the path-width of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-represented matroid in matroid theory. We present a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm to construct a linear layout of width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, if it exists, for input subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. As corollaries, we obtain a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm to produce a path-decomposition of width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for an input <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-represented matroid of path-width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm to find a linear rank-decomposition of width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for an input graph of linear rank-width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In both corollaries, no such algorithms were known previously. Our approach is based on dynamic programming combined with the idea developed by Bodlaender and Kloks (1996) for their work on path-width and tree-width of graphs. It was previously known that a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm exists for the decision version of the problem for matroid path-width; a theorem by Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle (2002) implies that for each fixed finite field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, there are finitely many forbidden <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-representable minors for the class of matroids of path-width at most <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. An algorithm by Hliněný (2006) can detect a minor in an input <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-represented matroid of bounded branch-width. However, this indirect approach would not produce an actual path-decomposition. Our algorithm is the first one to construct such a path-decomposition and does not depend on the finiteness of forbidden minors.


Threats against electronic medical and health records are on the rise. These threats include phishing attacks, malware and ransomware, encryption blind spots, cloud threats, and most important one is the internal threat caused by gaps in the level of awareness and knowledge of the employees and health practitioner of handling sensitive healthcare data. Cyber hygiene is a term used to describe both the technical and non‐technical threats. In the same way, personal hygiene practices are used to maintain one's own health and protect against diseases, cyber hygiene security practices are important in protecting and preserving sensitive electronic health information systems. In this paper, we report on the findings of a cyber hygiene study carried out in Kuwait with the objectives of assessing the level of awareness, knowledge and experience of physicians and healthcare professionals. The study identified seven different areas or barriers that impacted the cyber hygiene and the adoption of electronic health medical records in Kuwait. The seven areas include financial barriers, time, difficulty of using technology, lack of management support, negative attitude toward the use of electronic medical records, legal and ethical issues, as well as cultural barriers. Most of the physicians interviewed lacked the awareness and basic knowledge needed to practice cyber hygiene. Most physicians were not aware of regulation or standards pertaining to the use of electronic medical records.


The gan po region, one of the earliest rice growing places in the world, has started the history of farming in ancient times. And, through archaeological sampling and excavation, wild rice and cultivated rice,17,000 years ago and 12000 years ago, respectively, have been found by Chinese and American experts in Wannian district of Jiangxi province at the end of last century. It shows that the poyang area of Jiangxi province has become the beginning of rice farming in China early in the late paleolithic and early neolithic period, also, played an vital role in the history of rice farming in the world. The long history of agricultural civilization forms the folk culture of poyang farming, which is fully reflected in dialect vocabulary. Its folk customs reflected in the dialect vocabulary are mainly reflected in these aspects of spring plowing and sowing, rice field management, rice harvest, farmers' sacrifice and agricultural festivals and so on.


An efficient fast algorithm for constrained model predictive control (MPC) system was presented. It approximates the future control sequences off line by a set of stabilizing linear feedback control profiles, and only computes the current control action at k time instant exactly, thus can greatly reduce the on line computational burden of MPC and is especially suitable for large scale constrained systems. The simulation result of a simplified paper machine cross directional (CD) control problem demonstrates its effectiveness.


Ideas of success act as a guiding line in setting goals in life and as an evaluation of whether these goals have been achieved successfully. They are manifested as models of success. Success is connected with professional activity, with making a career. Career orientations define career development course. In present-day society there are ideas of what professional activities are traditionally "men's" activities and what professional activities are traditionally "women's" activities. There exist differences in ideas about success and career orientations of women performing traditionally "men's" and traditionally "women's" professional roles.


Objective To observe the clearance effect of single hemodiafiltration(HDF) therapy with different amount of substitute fluid on the phosphorus(P) and parathyroid hormone(PTH) in hemodialysis patients.Methods 40 cases of hemodialysis patients with HDF treatment intermittently were randomly divided into group A and B,group A received high volume of substitute fluid post-dilution HDF (substitute fluid 20 L),group B received low volume post-dilution HDF (substitute fluid 10 L).The concentration changes on the P and PTH before and after the single HDF treatment in the two groups were compared.Results The serum P,PTH were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after HDF for two groups,the clearance rates for P and PTH were (40.30 ± 6.81)% and (53.02 ± 3.06)% in group A,the clearance rates for P and PTH were (28.12 ± 6.45)% and (32.17 ± 2.05)% respectivdy; the clearance effect was more effective in group A(P< 0.05)and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion HDF can effectively clear P and PTH in hemodialysis patients,increasing the amount of substitute fluid can improve the clearance effect.

Key words:
Hemodiafiltration; Substitute fluid; Phosphorus; Parathyroid hormone


The main goal of this study is to characterize isotropic materials by determining the metal's elastic constants such as Modulus of Elasticity, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio using a large lens-less line focus transducer, proposing a new design of the line focus transducer by manipulating the radius of curvature and validating the proposed design by comparing the results with the industry-standard results.The elastic constants will be derived by utilizing the Time-Resolved method that uses the relationship between the defocus distance and the time difference between the bulk longitudinal wave and the Rayleigh surface wave.


Relatively little is known about seabird–fishery interactions (i.e. bycatch) for the U.S. North-east and mid-Atlantic, despite concerted efforts to document observed interactions since 1989.
Fisheries observer data were used to estimate seabird–fishery interactions for 10 species and six gear types that operated within the US Northeast and mid-Atlantic from 1996 to 2014.
Hierarchical Bayes estimation was used and accounted for temporal, spatial, and operational considerations inherent in the data through post-stratification.
Over the 19-year study period, 48 821 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.03) seabirds were estimated to have interacted with commercial fishing gear, resulting in an average of 2570 interactions per year.
Trends in estimated interactions were explored using the marginal posterior distributions, with the majority of interactions pertaining to gillnets and shearwaters/fulmars.
Comparison with previous work highlighted the need for consistency in data preparation, making it easier to compare relative trends in seabird bycatch estimates for the region.
Future assessments should focus on providing context for the interaction estimates, so that population-level impacts can be inferred and the necessary conservation measures enacted.


This study explored self-reports of sexual, physical, and nonphysical abuse perpetration obtained with three measurement instruments. A randomly selected sample of incarcerated men responded to the Sexual Experiences Scale (SES), the Conflict Tactics Scale'Revised (CTS2), and the Severity of Violence Against Women Scales (SVAWS). Results show that the proportion of men who reported sexual aggression, but not physical or nonphysical aggression, differed according to instrument. Findings also show the absence of main effects for social desirability on self-reports obtained with all violence against women instruments. In contrast, a robust effect for social desirability on self-reports of general aggression emerged.


The main aim of the paper is to give a generalization of the results given by Sen and Balakrishnan in [7]. The results obtained are used to calculate the reliability of some class of systems.


OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics of neurological intensive care unit(NICU)patients complicated with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)and put forward the prevention measures so as to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The clinical data of 80 cases of NICU patients who used ventilator were retrospectively analyzed,then the result of sputum cultures,the risk factors,and the impact on prognosis were observed.RESULTS Of totally 80 cases of patients who used ventilator for supportive treatment,the VAP occurred in 30 cases with the incidence rate of 37.50%.Totally 82 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 30 patients,including 56(68.29%)strains of gram-negative bacteria,16(19.51%)strains of gram-positive bacteria,and 10(12.20%)strains of fungi;the Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Candida albicans ranked the top five species of pathogens,accounting for 31.71%,15.85%,14.63%,12.20%,and 10.98%,respectively.There were 10cases with mixed infections caused by more than two species of pathogens and 7cases with mixed bacterial and fungal infections.The advanced age,malnutrition,use of sedative and antacids,and prophylactic use of antibiotics were the risk factors for the VAP.It was more difficult for the VAP patients to remove the machine,with the hospitalization duration longer,the mortality higher.CONCLUSION The incidence rate of VAP is high among the NICU patients,the result of sputum culture is really complex,which is a combination effect of multiple factors and has adverse effect on the prognosis.It is necessary to take targeted measures so as to reduce the incidence of VAP effectively.