Abstract Fanny Burney's account of her 1811 mastectomy is analysed in order to consider the way she repositions herself as a subject in relation to her doctors, her husband, and her family. Throughout her narrative of the events leading up to, during, and following the operation, Burney uses language relating to looking observing, and controlling through the power of the gaze. In her narrative, sight can be turned into a measure of control for the one who directs the reader's imaginative sight Sight even seems to replace speech as a location of power, for during the operation she is "in utterly speechless torture" and yet in her letter finds a language with which to reinscribe her role as observer as well as patient, an observer who refuses to envision her breast or herself as mere object of medical inquiry.


The present study examines the General Responsivity Principle of the Risk–Need–Responsivity model of offender assessment and treatment which holds that employing cognitive social learning methods to influence the behavior of offenders is the most effective approach to reduce recidivism. In this study, the prevalence rates of probation officers discussing procriminal attitudes and their use of cognitive intervention strategies during one-on-one supervision sessions with their clients was assessed and the impact of these discussions and strategies on reoffending was examined. Audio-recorded supervision sessions from officers engaging in routine practice as well as from officers who were trained in the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS) model were rated. Results indicated that without this training, officers infrequently (i.e., approximately 5% of the recorded sessions) discussed procriminal attitudes/cognitions and rarely used cognitive intervention techniques with their clients (i.e., approximately 1% of sessions). Officers who were STICS trained showed significant improvement in talking about attitudes and using cognitive intervention techniques (i.e., 39 and 42% of sessions, respectively). Cox regression survival analysis found the use of cognitive intervention techniques was significantly related to lower rates of reoffending. These findings support the General Responsivity Principle within the context of one-on-one community supervision.


Through the pile foundation construction in Qingshui river test section of Qingzang railway the rock character and the characteristic of frozen soil of overburden soil are analyzed and some pile foundations adapting to frozen soil are proposed. Based on the drilled sampling and reference in design norms the conclusion of adopting drilled and driven pile is the best choice is acquired. The construction situations of this kind of pile are introduced and the summary of the drilled and driven pile for the past several years are made.


In this paper, we present a new method of fabricating microtips based on the aluminum spike phenomenon. Silicon dissolves in aluminum at high temperatures above 400 °C, and normally this is an undesirable effect in integrated circuit (IC) processing. However, in this study, this phenomenon is exploited, with which a round tip is fabricated by a simple process involving the annealing of aluminum at 800 °C; a major advantage of the method is that the apex of the fabricated tip is round. The penetration depth of aluminum increases with annealing time, and the height of the fabricated tip can be controlled by adjusting annealing time. The height and width of the tip, annealed for 25 min using (100) silicon wafer, are 40 and 80 µm, respectively.


A nondeterministic finite automaton is unambiguous if it has at most one accepting computation on every input string. We investigate the state complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by unambiguous finite automata. We get tight upper bounds for reversal ([Formula: see text]), intersection ([Formula: see text]), left and right quotients ([Formula: see text]), positive closure ([Formula: see text]), star ([Formula: see text]), shuffle ([Formula: see text]), and concatenation ([Formula: see text]). To prove tightness, we use a binary alphabet for intersection and left and right quotients, a ternary alphabet for star and positive closure, a five-letter alphabet for shuffle, and a seven-letter alphabet for concatenation. For complementation, we reduce the trivial upper bound [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We also get some partial results for union and square.


(1) During fruit development from early ovary primordium to maturity, in disk fruited and sphere fruited plants of Cucurbita pepo, there is a slight progressive increase in degree of flattening, or ratio of equatorial diameter to polar diameter. (2) Fruits will stop growth and become mature at widely different sizes if environmental conditions vary or if there is segregation for size factors. The mature fruit retains the shape index characteristic of the developmental stage which it had attained when growth ceased. Thus the segregation of genetic factors controlling shape is rendered much less distinct if there are size differences in the population. (3) By determining shape indices for small ovary primordia instead of for mature fruit, a population segregating for shape may be studied at a uniform size and the variability due to size differences may be eliminated. This method has the added advantages of making possible a much larger number of determinations for each plant, and of eliminating minor shape differences which often appear during development. (4) In three F2 pedigrees showing monofactorial segregation for disk and sphere fruit shape, a comparison of the plotted indices of young primordia, 1 to 8 cc in volume, with those of mature fruits from the same plant showed in every case a much sharper segregation for shape in the primordia than in the fruits. (5) It is believed that this method of studying earlier stages in development will make possible a more accurate analysis of shape inheritance in cases where the genetic situation is more complex.


Cryopreservation of testicular tissue in boys: how can the boy's fertility be preserved? Nathalie RIVES, Bertrand MACE Survival rates for almost all types of childhood cancer have improved over the last 30 years. Estimates suggest that, in 2010, 1 out of 715 adolescents and young adults will be a long-term survivor of childhood cancer. With current therapy, 70% of children are cured. The increased number of survivors has focused attention on the many long-term or late sequelae of treatment. Most of the effects cannot be detected at the end of therapy, but only become apparent with puberty, growth and the normal aging process. Among the various sequelae, gonadal dysfunction is observed and the degree of gonadal damage depends on the type and total doses of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The male gonad is also more sensitive to cancer therapy than the female gonad.


In order to evaluate the bearing capacity behaviour of a monopod suction bucket foundation for an offshore wind tower at the western sea of Korea, a centrifuge load test and numerical analyses were performed. The monopod bucket foundation was designed to be installed in a silty sand layer. The model soil was prepared to simulate a target site by using soil samples having similar properties and controlling relative density. In-flight miniature cone penetration test and bender element array were used to confirm that the model soil had represented the target site conditions. The load - rotation curve of the centrifuge load test was analysed. A series of numerical analyses were performed to validate the experimental conditions. Self-weight of the model, distance to the boundary and elastic modulus of the soil layer were varied to study their effects on the load - rotation curves.


The excess of body hair in women is a frequent problem at the clinic that interferes with their femininity and selfesteem,1 and requires attention from physicians. Classically, hirsutism is the increase of terminal hair in body regions common in the male pattern. In general, hirsutism is associatedwith hyperandrogenism, but not in all of the cases. In 30 to 50% of the women with mild symptoms, high androgen levels are undetected.1 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of hirsutism and corresponds to three out of every four cases. Adrenal dysfunction (Cushing syndrome and enzymatic deficiencies) is the second cause, followed by hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and androgen-producing tumors (ovarian or adrenal). Certain drugs, mainly anabolicandrogenic steroids, can determine cutaneous hyperandrogenism.2 These clinical situations are part of the differential diagnosis of PCOS, since its manifestations are translated by the exacerbation of androgenic action. Although androgen levels in the circulation may not be elevated, the appearance of hair may be an exaggerated action of androgens in effector organs (in this specific case, in the hair follicle) with other important clinical implications from themetabolic point of view. According to the literature, the major metabolic impairment factor in PCOS patients is undoubtedly the hyperandrogenism resulting from insulin resistance found in these women.3 Hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism will trigger important metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, vascular inflammatory processes, and themetabolic syndrome itself. In addition to being diagnostic criteria, excess androgens are an important part of the disease pathophysiology and should be tackled in the treatment of patients. Thus, androgen dosages and the search for signs of hyperandrogenism are essential in approaching patients with suspected PCOS.4 When evaluating hyperandrogenism in women with suspected PCOS, some considerations must be made in the light of new concepts about the disease. The conventional dosage of circulating levels of testosterone is quite inaccurate the female gender,4 and sometimes does not reveal the hyperandrogenism that determines less intense forms of hirsutism. In fact, a quarter of hirsute women with PCOS do not have the corresponding hyperandrogenism (testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), which may raise doubts about the diagnosis. In general, this is determined by biochemical tests employing radioimmunoassay or electrochemiluminometric methods, inwhich the calibration curve of the kit is the same as that developed for the male sex. In part, this may explain the noncorrelation between serum levels and the level of hirsutism. There are more sensitive methods, such as liquid or gas chromatography coupledwithmass spectrometry, but they are unfeasible in the clinical practice, given their high costs. Because of this difficulty in the laboratory diagnosis of PCOS, the clinical evaluation of hyperandrogenism through its more frequently observed manifestations, such as acne and hirsutism, becomes relevant.2–4 Therefore, the evaluation of hirsutism is important for the clinical diagnosis and for the initiation of treatment. In 2018, Teede et al5 organized amajor and careful review of the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of womenwith PCOS. Acne, alopecia, and hirsutism aremarkers of cutaneous hyperandrogenism in this guideline. Researchers also suggested the Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) index as a tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of women with PCOS and hirsutism. However, the great doubt of some researchers is José Maria Soares Júnior's ORCID is https://orcid.org/0000-00030774-9404.


Rif , a member of small Rho GTPases , has multiple functions in regulating cytoskeleton morphology , mediating the formation of both stress fibers and filopodia. To elucidate the molecular functions of Rif in depth , I performed a proteomic screening for Rif protein partners in HeLa cells , which have a high level of expression of endogenous Rif. Analyses of Rif interactors revealed that Rif has the potential to interact with exportin 5 and several other members of karyopherins transport receptor family. I found that Rif binds exportin 5 in a nucleotide dependent manner , and this interaction directs the transport of exportin 5 from cytoplasm to nucleus. These findings reveal that Rif might have a novel function in mediating macromolecular trafficking between cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments.


Esophageal varices are dilated submucosal esophageal veins that connect the portal and systemic circulations. Bleeding esophageal varices is a well-recognized complication of liver cirrhosis.It is known that in active variceal bleeding, treatment needs to be started promptly. Treatments comprise band ligation, sclerotherapy, removable stent placement, balloon tamponade, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).We report a case in which hemodynamic stability can be maintained with the use of Purastat to control bleeding.


This paper expatiated on the development of grain drying technology and facilities,analysed the de-fects of the traditional grain dryer,briefly introduced the grain low-temperature ventilation drying theory,research and development of the new process technology and equipment of vertical deep multi-ring grain ventilation drying.This e-quipment breaks the limit that the grain floor can not be more than 4 high meters in food-grain mechanical ventilation drying at home and abroad.The network frame thin-walled pipe device has been used in brick silo with the 12-meter thick grain floor for the entire warehouse mechanical ventilation drying,realizing the intelligent,remote,real-time,dynamic monitoring and management of the grain ventilation drying process.Experience which has been gained over more than two years confirms that this equipment is safe and reliable in operation,and has the significant economic and social benefits.


High confinement (H-mode) operation is the choice for next-step tokamak devices based either on conventional or advanced tokamak physics. This choice, however, comes at a significant cost for both the conventional and advanced tokamaks because of the effects of edge localized modes (ELMs). ELMs can produce significant erosion in the divertor and can affect the beta limit and reduced core transport regions needed for advanced tokamak operation. Experimental results from DIII-D [J.L. Luxon, et al., Plasma Phys. and Contr. Nucl. Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987) Vol. I, p. 159] this year have demonstrated a new operating regime, the quiescent H-mode regime, which solves these problems. We have achieved quiescent H-mode operation which is ELM-free and yet has good density and impurity control. In addition, we have demonstrated that an internal transport barrier can be produced and maintained inside the H-mode edge barrier for long periods of time (>3.5 seconds or >25 energy confinement times {tau}{sub E}), yielding a quiescent double barrier regime. By slowly ramping the input power, we have achieved {beta}{sub N} H{sub 89} = 7 for up to 5 times the {tau}{sub E} of 150 ms. The {beta}{sub N} H{sub 89} values of 7 substantially exceed the value of 4 routinely achieved in standard ELMing H-mode. The key factors in creating the quiescent H-mode operation are neutral beam injection in the direction opposite to the plasma current (counter injection) plus cryopumping to reduce the density. Density and impurity control in the quiescent H-mode is possible because of the presence of an edge magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation, the edge harmonic oscillation, which enhances the edge particle transport while leaving the energy transport unaffected.


Background: Inflammation is a risk factor of colonic tumor.Animal studies suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) is closely associated with colonic inflammation.The relationship between 5-HT and colonic inflammation in patients with colonic adenoma is unclear.Aims: To study the expression of 5-HT and inflammation in normal mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma and the relation between 5-HT and inflammation.Methods: Samples of normal colonic mucosa from 40 patients with colonic adenoma and 17 normal controls were collected.Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cell counts of intraepithelial lymphocyte(IEL) and lamina propria CD3+T lymphocyte,5-HT-positive enterochromaffin(EC) cell and chromogranin A(CgA)-positive EC cell.mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TpH1) were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results: Lamina propria CD3+T lymphocyte,5-HT-positive EC cell and CgA-positive EC cell counts in normal mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).No significant difference of IEL count was observed between colonic adenoma and control groups(P=0.175).The mRNA expressions of TNF-α,COX-2,iNOS,TpH1 in normal mucosa in colonic adenoma group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).The mRNA expression of TpH1 was positively correlated with mRNA expressions of TNF-α,COX-2 and iNOS(P0.05).Conclusions: Inflammation exists in normal mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma,and inflammation is correlated with the increased synthesis of 5-HT.


The role of SMEs as an economic driver of 60% for the country of Indonesia today. Therefore the government has provided tax breaks to help SMEs continue to grow. But there are still many SMEs that have not complied to fulfill their obligations. The tax relief in the form of a reduction in tax rates and the tax amnesty program is expected to be able to encourage taxpayer compliance aim of the research was to find out, analyze, and prove empirically service quality, understanding of taxation regulation, taxation socialization, and sanction on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) taxpayer compliance and tax amnesty as moderating in KPP Medan Polonia using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The population of this research is small and medium-sized enterprises taxpayer and participated in the tax amnesty program at KPP Polonia Medan (tax office) totaling 5.718. The sampling technique chosen was accidental sampling with solving formula obtained 98 samples. Results of path coefficient analysis showed that service quality, understanding of taxation regulation and taxation socialization influences SMEs taxpayers' compliance and sanction doesn't influence  on SMEs taxpayers' compliance. Tax amnesty as a moderating variable has an influence on  understanding of taxation regulation and taxation socialization with taxpayer compliance but can't moderate the effect of service quality and sanction with SMEs taxpayers' compliance


During the rapidly solidified powder metallurgy processing of aluminum alloys, the vacuum degassing process should be carried out before powder consolidation in order to remove the adsorbed moisture and gaseous species that are harmful to consolidation from the powder-oxide skin. Therefore it is important to clarify the effect of vacuum degassing on surface characteristics of the gas-atomized aluminum alloy powders. Temperature-programmed desorption measurement on the Al-Ti-Fe-Cr and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ag powders exposed to humid air, dry air and high purity argon gas was performed to determine the gas species evolved during degassing. It was found that the surface composition and processing atmosphere had a strong influence on the gas desorption behavior and on the surface characteristics of the powders. Adsorbed H 2 O on the surface of the powders brought about the formation of fresh Al 2 O 3 layer by the reaction, 2Al + 3H 2 O = Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 , although adsorbed oxygen caused no formation of fresh Al 2 O 3 during degassing. The surface oxide of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ag powder was more prone to hydration than that of Al-Ti-Fe-Cr powder. Accordingly, the formation of fresh Al 2 O 3 on the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ag powder at low temperature of 390 K occurred during vacuum degassing with much H 2 O adsorbed. On the other hand, Al-Ti-Fe-Cr alloy powders had less adsorbed H 2 O, resulting in the formation of fresh Al 2 O 3 above 450 K during vacuum degassing.


In order to carry out the regional development strategy during the Twelfth Five-Year Period,we must make a careful study of the regional differences and variability of industrial environment during the Eleventh Five-Year Period.This paper analyzes the particularities of regional industrial development environment and establishes an index system to measure differences and variability on regional industrial development environment from the following five aspects,such as "factors of production","demand conditions","related and supporting industries","industrial structure" and "government action".According to the industrial development data of 31 provinces(cities,regions) in China during the Eleventh Five-Year Period,the weight of each component is worked out by entropy method and differences and variability on the regional industrial development environment are studied by the cluster analysis.The result shows that during the Eleventh Five-Year Period,series of policies to promote the coordinated development of all regions have achieved some results.However the pattern of regional economic imbalance doesn't change significantly.Meanwhile "demand conditions" and "industrial structure" are the dominant factors that make the characteristics of regional industrial development environment change greatly.So creating favorable demand conditions and optimizing industrial structure should be considered as the focus of policies to coordinate the development in question among the region.


During an ethylene plant turn-around, a 38-year-old tube bundle of a vertical thermosiphon reboiler was replaced with a new, seemingly identical one. However, when the plant returned to full operation after the turn-around, the reboiler was not able to reach the same duty as the old tube bundle.Systematic troubleshooting using detailed column and thermosiphon simulation, neutron backscatter, plant data reconciliation and flow regime analysis ruled out possible reasons such as thermosiphon inlet line plugging, or lowered heat transfer due to steam superheat, or the presence of non-condensables in the steam, leaving reduced heat transfer on the tube side as the strongest suspect.To avoid plant shut-down, the issue was temporarily solved by switching from low pressure (1.6 barg) to medium pressure (7.2 barg) steam as heating medium. With the higher steam pressure and increased ?T across the exchanger the original duty was successfully recovered.To investigate the reduced heat transfer, light, laser and electron microscopy studies revealed that the surfaces of old and new reboiler tubes were very different in roughness and cleanliness, causing differing heat transfer characteristics. The gradual degradation of the tube surface, which occurred over the years, is believed to have increased the maximum heat transfer duty of the old reboiler. This theory is supported by a report from the old tube bundle's first year of operation when similar capacity problems occurred.


Chou-Fasman algorithm is an empirical algorithm developed for the prediction of Protein secondary structure. Implementation and Interpretation of the secondary structure of protein has been done using C programming and the output of the result has been predicted good results compared with SOPMA, PSI Pred and Chou-Fasman v1.1 servers. The predicted protein confirmed good accuracy to PSSP results from C programming of the query protein compared to PDB.


In the spirit of Fakhruddin (arXiv:math/0212208v1) and Szpiro-Bhatnagar (arXiv:1010.2715v1), we show that for an equicharacteristic complete local ring A, with a given embedding of Spec(A) in the prime spectrum Spec(R) of some complete regular local ring R, any finite self map of A can be lifted to a finite self map of R, keeping the given embedding.


In the genomic sequence processing domain, bias in codon usage is a well known phenomenon which expresses codon context preferences. Our method takes advantage of codon usage bias for reverse translation achievement. It provides an efficient means of finding the most probable reverse translation of an amino acid sequence. In an off-line learning step, we first scan a given genome to gather statistical information about codon context preferences. We are thus able to generate the most probable nucleotide sequence for any given protein sequence. On-line generation (i.e. reverse translation) is guided by an n-gram model that enables codon preference description. As efficiency is required, we implemented a dynamic programming algorithm. it is evaluated with the Escherichia coli genome and provided prediction results compatible with laboratory constraints.


The relationship between employer size and within firm job mobility is investigated. Larger employers are posited to provide their workers with greater options for career advancement within the firm in an attempt to both protect (and encourage) the relatively higher investments in their workers and to evaluate employee performance. Using microdata on actual levels of internal mobility, direct support is found for the propositions of greater internal mobility in larger establishments. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.


The invention discloses an asbestos-free friction material for a brake block. The asbestos-free friction material comprises, by weight, 18-25 parts of carbon fiber, 13-18 parts of ceramic fiber, 10-15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, 11-21 parts of phenolic resin, 8-15 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 6-10 parts of graphite, 3-7 parts of kieselguhr, 5-9 parts of iron powder, 2-4 parts of barium sulfate, 1-3 parts of aluminum oxide, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfide, 5-8 parts of polyformaldehyde and 3-6 parts of ethyltrimethoxysilane. According to the asbestos-free friction material for the brake block, the friction coefficient is kept within 0.33-0.43 when the temperature of the brake block is within 350 DEG C, and the abrasion rate is within 0.1-0.35 cm /(N*m), so that the abrasion resistance and radiating performance are remarkably improved, the abrasion rate is lowered, the service life of the brake block is prolonged, and the safety and stability during usage are improved.


The literature about "Seamless Learning" calls for rethinking and redesigning learning environments, so that learners experience a continuity of learning even when their learning finds place across different contexts. The assumption behind it is that combining learning experiences from different contexts enhances learning, because learning finds place across time, by revisiting knowledge that was gained earlier in a different context, by moving from topic to topic, and managing a range of learning projects, rather than following a single curriculum. In reviewing seamless learning literature, an emphasis seen is on the different settings and contexts in which learning takes place and on the possibilities to link or bridge them. However, the core question remains: "What is, and makes, the difference in the learning process and learning outcomes from one context compared to another?" If a learner changes contexts, he or she has to be equipped with appropriate competencies to link the different knowledge structures, to switch between different skillsets or strategies, to change attitudes or beliefs or at least to be able to cope with the ambiguities of different learning context requirements. In this study, the objective is to analyse the differences between contexts in order to investigate the problem behind seams that hinder continuity of student learning. These differences show the necessary requirements for learners who need to cope with such differences. On the other hand, the differences inform the teachers on the relevant strategic aspects for learning, and thereby enrich the seamless learning designs with a deeper learning perspective.


Platelets are known to enhance the wound-healing activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the mechanism by which platelets improve MSC therapeutic potential has not been elucidated. Here we provide evidence that, upon their activation, platelets transfer respiratory-competent mitochondria to MSCs. We found that this process boosts the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs following their engraftment in a mouse wound healing injury model. By combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that platelet-derived mitochondria promote the pro-angiogenic activity of MSCs through their metabolic remodeling. Notably, we show that activation of the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway is required for the increased secretion of pro-angiogenic factors by platelet-preconditioned MSCs. These results reveal a new mechanism by which platelets potentiate properties of MSCs throughout mitochondria transfer and metabolic conversion of MSCs.


This paper first focuses on the framework of SMPP, then discusses the process of delivery-receiving short message. The paper also discusses and analyses the design and implementation of the distributed multi-tier system based on short message with a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of this system model.


Nowadays the concepts "vacations" and "tourism" have become intertwined. Tourism, among others, has eventually become a symbol of social status. Recently, however, alternative forms of tourism including agrotourism have emerged, which have the potential of relieving the congestion of ordinary holiday resorts. Agrotourism constitutes neither a symbol of social status, nor a means of social distinction. Instead, agrotourists live a healthy life in a natural environment and consume local products and services, while protecting the environment. This paper attempts to identify new growth patterns of agrotourist businesses within the context of their contribution to local development. Web tools are most helpful in this respect. Through the construction of informative websites, agrotourist handicrafts promote their products and attract visitors in localities.


Aims/hypothesis The aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with diabetes in Scotland using insulin glargine have a greater cancer risk than patients using other types of insulin. Methods We used a nationwide diabetes clinical database that covers the majority of the Scottish population with diagnosed diabetes, and examined patients with diabetes who were exposed to any insulin therapy between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2005. Among these we defined a fixed cohort based on exposure during a 4 month period in 2003 ( n =36,254, in whom 715 cases of cancer occurred) and a cohort of new insulin users across the period ( n =12,852 in whom 381 cancers occurred). Records from these cohorts were linked to cancer registry data up to the end of 2005. We used Cox proportional hazards models for survival analyses. Results patients using 0.79 – 2.83, though insulin glargine only users had a higher rate than those using non-glargine insulin only (HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.46 – 7.85, p =0.004). Among type 2 diabetic incident insulin users, no significant difference between the three groups was observed with respect to all cancer or breast cancer. All the above HRs are adjusted for age, calendar time prior cancer and type of diabetes, as appropriate, and are stratified according to sex. Conclusions/interpretation Overall, insulin glargine use was not associated with an increased risk of all cancers or site-specific cancers in Scotland over a 4 year time frame. Given the overall data, we consider the excess of cases of all cancers and breast cancer in the subgroup of insulin glargine only users to more likely reflect allocation bias rather than an effect of insulin glargine itself.


Reliable estimates of diets are vital to monitor impacts of sea lion populations on their ecosystems and their interactions with fisheries, and to understand the role of food to animal nutrition and health. Approaches include using (1) prey remnants in stomach contents, spews and scats; (2) prey DNA in scats; (3) fatty acid signatures in blubber; and (4) stable isotope ratios in predator's tissue. Each methodology has particular advantages and limitations, many of which can be assessed and improved through controlled captive feeding trials. Analysis of prey remnants from captive sea lion scats have shown significant variability in digestion between and within prey species, which, coupled with preferential regurgitation and enumeration biases, can confound accurate diet quantification, but does not prevent spatial or temporal comparisons. Correction for partial digestion and use of additional structures besides otoliths can provide reliable prey size estimates. Prey DNA can be consistently isolated from soft remains in scats from captive sea lions, and with further development this approach may allow quantification of diet. Genetic methods can be expensive and representative of only one to two Sea Lions of the World 293 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-06-01, 2006 Tollit et al.—Estimating Diet Composition in Sea Lions days foraging (like prey remnant analysis), but may be less affected by differential digestion and can identify prey in scats that could not be identified through structural remnants. Validation of fatty acid signature analysis to quantify diet at longer temporal scales in sea lions is ongoing. This new technique promises to be particularly useful to assess biases in traditional methods, identify the onset of weaning, and highlight the prey that most contribute to lipid reserves. Stable isotope analysis of predator tissues gives only trophic level data, but can provide data on diet changes on many temporal scales. Remote video monitoring of foraging events and lavage/enema techniques can provide valuable diet information, but, like many newer techniques, animal capture is required. Ideally a suite of techniques should be used to study diet. While methods and correction factors developed for Steller sea lions can likely be applied to the other five sea lion species, they should be verified experimentally. Introduction Reliable estimates of diets are vital to monitor impacts of sea lion populations on their ecosystems and their interactions with fisheries, and to understand the role of food to animal nutrition and health. The traditional approach was to examine stomach contents. More recent methods include using hard remains in scats and spews, isolating prey DNA from scats, fatty acid signatures in blubber, stable isotope ratios in predators' tissues, and direct video observation. All methods of estimating diet have pros and cons (Table 1), many of which can be assessed and improved through controlled captive feeding trials. Methods Captive feeding studies with 2-5 year old female Steller sea lions at the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre have assessed three different methods to quantify diet. In this review, we summarize the findings of these studies, complement them with results from additional captive studies with sea lions, and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of alternate techniques presently being used to study sea lion diet (Table 1). 1. Prey remains found in scats The analysis of prey skeletal structures found in scats (feces) is now the most widely used technique for estimating the diet of pinnipeds, with sagittal otoliths being the most commonly used identifying structure (Frost and Lowry 1980, Olesiuk et al. 1990, Bowen et al. 1993, Tollit and Thompson 1996). However, there remain a number of well recognized problems related to identifying prey without hard remains, differential rates of digestion (hence, recovery), and choice of skeletal structures used to identify prey (see reviews by Pierce and Boyle 1991, Bowen 2000). 294 Sea Lions of the World T a b le 1 . P ro s a n d c o n s o f d iff e re n t m e th o d s u s e d t o e s ti m a te d ie t in o ta ri id s .


This study dealt with metaphors of Wak Uteh's Songs in Tanjungbalai. The objectives of the study were to investigate the types of metaphors and the cultural meaning of metaphors in wak uteh's songs in Tanjungbalai. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This data of this study was words, phrases, and utterances that contained metaphors in Wak Uteh's Songs in Tanjungbalai. The source of data were lyrics of 10 songs of Wak Uteh's songs.  The data were selected by using random sampling system. For collecting data, this study used the method of documentary technique. The instrument of this study is documentary sheet. The findings showed that there were four types of Metaphors used in Wak Uteh's Songs consecutively, Synaesthetic Metaphors (4%), Anthropomorphic (13%), Animal (20%), and Concrete to Abstract (63%). The cultural meanings of the metaphors found in the lyrics of Wak uteh's songs were literary ones over all about the conditions of social life, economy, and culture from Tanjungbalai Malay life in coastal areas. For example in Anthropomorphic Metaphor is "ambil lah duet seringgit puntong, untuk mamboli kain pandukong (silaule, line 11) as the meaning in the cultural meaning is "Taking a piece of dollar for buying a sling". So, in this lyric told about the parents ordered someone to take the enough money to buy a sling, Ringgit was a monetary unit that was used by Malay people in Tanjungbalai in long time. Keywords: Metaphors, Tanjungbalai, Wak Uteh's Songs


Technological advancements have enabled both home and office appliances to have more functions, and these increasing features makes the appliance more difficult to learn. Explanation from an anthropomorphic agent have been proposed for explaining such complex features. We propose to extend an agent that instructs users about the features of MFPs by extending representations with real-world actuators. The agent hides its real eyes and arms in onscreen mode, and extends them in real-world mode. We created the movable devices and evaluated how this transitional expression supports users' understanding of how to manipulate the MFP and enhances users' motivation to use it. The result suggests that transitional explainer decreased manipulation time of users compared with non-transitional condition. We also surveyed increasing users' verbal behaviors and increased impressions scores that suggest user increased interest for repairing MFP.


§1. In my former Papers upon this subject, some account has been given of the effects produced by sulphuric acid upon turpentine, resin, and camphor; and I shall now state the results of other experiments made with the same acid upon a great number of the resins, balsams, gum resins, and gums, the greater part of which, afforded that modification of the artificial tanning substance, which for the sake of distinction, I have in the preceding papers denominated the third variety. The process was simple digestion in sulphuric acid, after which, the residuum was well edulcorated, and was then digested in alcohol. This was separated by distillation, the dry substance which remained was infused in cold distilled water, and the portion dissolved, was examined by solution of isinglass, muriate of tin, acetite of lead, and sulphate of iron.


The March 1974 census confirmed that Bangladesh ranks among the top 10 countries in the world in population. Her population density is the highest among all countries and her population growth is over 3%/year. Transitional age-structure models were evolved by examining recent population history and behavior and estimating the components of growth. The model was then made specific for recent Bangladesh conditions to estimate the 1971 and 1974 populations assuming consistent estimated values of growth components. The population situation for the country from 1800 is reviewed in detail. Though vital registration has been required since the late 1800s it has always been deficient. Because of the defects firm estimates of fertility and mortality rates are not available. The recent succession of disturbances (war flood famine) combined with serious age misstatements render the reported age-structure nearly valueless. A comprehensive retrospective survey has been undertaken to gather such data but the results are not yet available. Because the country is highly homogenous culturally a birthrate of 48 as recorded in 1 well-supervised locality was accepted as the national rate in 1961. Using a variety of sources and calculations the death rate was pegged at 22 in that year. The resultant population in 1961 was thus 10.5% higher than the adjusted population at the 1961 census. The difference is thought to be due to net outmigration during 1951-1960. The population distribution of the transitional 1961 age-structure model also reflects the serious nature of age distortions. The logic of the derivation of the model is explained. For the 1961 age distribution 5 changes in growth survivorship variables were deemed sufficient. Major cyclical variations in population movements were also taken into account. After underenumeration was accounted for the model was fit to the reported 1961 census population with the result that there was a 30% transfer of population aged 10-19 and above to the group 5-9 due to understatement of age and a shift of less than 10% out of the group 60 and over due to overstatement. The final section deals with trends and future estimates. There is evidence that the birthrate is falling; the authors estimated it at 44.1 in 1971-1975. For purposes of short-term estimates a constant value of 102 was assigned to the sex ratio at birth. Age-specific survival factors were calculated and the male and female population projected at 5-year intervals from 1961 to 1976. It was assumed mortality was falling throughout the period. The estimated population in 1971 and 1974 was thus 66.8 million and 72.9 million respectively as compared with earlier projections of 72.7 and 80 million. The estimated populations were also distributed by District. By analyzing electoral registers alternate estimates of the probable demographic loss during the calamities of 1970 and 1971 can be made.


The dynamic optimum design of high-frequency ultrasonic transducer was studied to improve thermosonic packaging efficiency and reduce packaging temperature.Based on one-dimensional vibration and wave theoriest,he analytical model of a transducer was established,and the wave equations of piezoelectric converter,exponential con-centrator and capillary were gained.By using ANSYS software parametric design language for finite element analysist,he optimum design of piezoelectric converter and concentrator were accomplished respectively.Considering the influence of material,shapes and dimensions on the characteristics of the transducert,he optimum model of the transducer was achieved.The electrical resonance and mechanical vibration characteristics were tested by impedance analyzer and laser Doppler vibrometer.Experimental results show that there are no non-axial vibration modes and other spurious resonances around working frequencyt,hus it is convenient for the design of ultrasonic generator.


Abstract We report here analysis of the first observations with a new instrument, ARIES, designed to record the acoustic backscatter from bubble clouds at several levels below the surface of the ocean. The instrument is deployed on a subsurface mooring and records internally. Data has been analysed from deployments of ARIES for one week in the Irish Sea and for periods of 4 and 9 weeks near the edge of the UK continental shelf, during periods in which meteorological data, waves, and near-surface temperatures and, on occasion, currents, were being recorded by other instruments. The results, while being generally similar to earlier measurements in coastal waters, show that the bubble clouds are more intense, having greater acoustic scattering cross per unit volume, Mv, and extend, on average, deeper into the water column. A simple model accounting for the shape of the clouds, their advection through the sonar beam, and their decay (through bubbles returning to the surface or through their gas dissolving int...


In this paper, we introduce and study the properties of second type Hukuhara delta derivative denoted by (ΔSH–derivative) for fuzzy set-valued functions on time scales whose values are normal, convex, upper semicontinuous and compactly supported fuzzy sets in Rn. We establish the existence and uniqueness criteria for fuzzy dynamic equations on time scales using Banach contraction principle. For an application, we consider the radioactive decay problem and illustrate the advantage of (ΔSH–derivative).


Crotoxin isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) was incorporated into liposomes by the dehydration–rehydration vesicle method using different membrane compositions and the co‐encapsulation of immunostimulants. Crotoxin was also encapsulated into liposomes formed from a non‐phospholipid amphiphile, a mixture of polyoxyethylene 2‐cetyl ether, dicetyl phosphate and cholesterol. The preparations were characterized in relation to stability, toxicity and the protection of mice against whole venom after immunization. All liposome preparations were quite stable, retaining more than 75% of the originally encapsulated crotoxin after 1 week of incubation at physiological temperature. Co‐encapsulation with lipopolysaccharide increased the leakage of crotoxin. In contrast, co‐encapsulation of the lipid moiety of lipopolysaccharide did not influence the stability of liposomes. Toxicity of liposomes was dependent on membrane composition. Liposomes made with phospholipids that were resistant to phospholipase A2 activity were less toxic. Mice immunized with three doses of the 1×LD50 of crotoxin encapsulated into liposomes, and with associated immunostimulants, were protected against challenge with 8×subcutaneous LD50 of C. durissus terrificus venom. Using the same immunization schedule, liposomes made from a non‐phospholipid mixture and without immunostimulants achieved 100% protection.


The short-lived Second Revolution produced two immediate results. First, it helped shift the leadership of the Nationalist Party from the moderates to the radicals. These dissolved the democratic political party of the Kuomintang and replaced it with an oligarchical revolutionary party called Chunghua Komingtang, or Chinese Revolutionary Party. From this source, modern absolutism was introduced into republican China.


Background: Based on the constitution of the republic og indonesia chapter 28H verse 1 and 34, issued a policy of National Health Insurance which organized by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (National Health Care Organization). The policy is gained positive response from the public, especially those whose Diabetes Mellitus type 2 population. In 2017, Indonesian was in the 2nd rank of diabetes mellitus type 2 population. There is increasing of percentage DM type 2 patient in Indonesia based on RISKESDAS 2018, which in 2013 the prevalency was increased from 6,9% to 8,5%, measure by blood check up of people aged ≥ 15 years old. The research aimed to know proportion of National Health Assurance users on Diabetes Mellitus type 2 based on gender and age in Muhammadiyah Public Hospital (RSU Muhammadiyah) North Sumatera 2017, the research was carried out in October 2018 to December 2018. Method: The descriptive research uses Cross Sectional method, to gain proportional of National Health Insurance users who suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus  in gender and age category in one period observation. The sample got in the research are medical record in Muhammadiyah General Hospital North Sumatera in 2017, 77 samples. Result: From the research on 585 samples, there are on 77 samples which match the research standard/criteria. The most user of National Health Insurance based on gender group are females/women : 53 persons (68,83%), and the least user based on gender group are males/men : 25 persons (31,17%). The most user of National Health Insurance based on age group are the last old aged (56-65 yerars old) : 29 persons (37,66%), and the last users based on age group are the last teenagers (17-25 years old) : 1 person (1,30%) Conclution: Based on the research, the National Health Insurance users for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients dominated by women and last sennior citizen (56-65 years old). Keywords:  diabetes mellitus type 2, national health insurance, age, gender


Purpose – To ascertain the principal benefits and drawbacks that have been experienced in implementing accruals-based resource accounting in the UK public sector. Design/methodology/approach – In a unique study, which presents case research of the Northern Ireland experience within the wider UK context, semi-structured interviews were held with key actors involved in the implementation, maintenance or oversight of resource accounting in Northern Ireland. This paper looks at the operation of a newly introduced system through the eyes of those who are in a position to understand and evaluate the impacts (accountants). Findings – It finds that the actual implementation of accruals accounting is very different, in effect, in cost and in terms of timing, to that presented in pre-implementation government publications. The result is a complex, expensive system that has provided few benefits to date. What is found is a story of overoptimistic claims and obfuscation of costs. The very best that could be suggested from this research is that a lengthy continuum of accounting change is underway. Research limitations/implications – This research is a case study within the wider UK public sector and therefore any generalizing of the conclusions beyond the Northern Ireland context should be undertaken with care. However, although Northern Ireland departments are relatively small compared with Westminster departments, there are significant similarities between the modes of operation of all departments within the UK (whether in Westminster, Scotland or Wales). Furthermore, both the implementation of resource accounting and the challenges that it presents are common to all public sector bodies in the UK. Originality/value – Gives some thought-provoking arguments into the benefits and drawbacks of implementing accruals-based resource accounting in the UK public sector which will provide interest to those in the field.


Based on the analysis of factors on industrial technological innovation,the technological innovation ability evaluation index system of textile industry which consists of 10 secondary indicators and 4 first-level indicators was constructed.With the second national economic census data,through the total analysis and comparative analysis,the situation of Shijiazhuang textile industry on the technological innovation capability was analyzed to identify its problems and make policy recommendations of the textile industry of technological innovation and industrial upgrading.


By adopting the methods of documentation and questionnaire,it made an investigation on the status quo of the employment of PE major graduates in higher institutions of Guangdong province,which provides positively respond to the students employment problem from the aspects of government,universities and students,so as to give guiding opinion.


This paper introduces the instance of chemical experimental skills competition in Anhui University of Science and Technology.It disscusses bringing up students' innovation ability and promoting experimental teaching reformation two aspects according to chemistry experimental skills competition,and puts forward the idea of experimental teaching reform.The practice indicates that the chemical experimental skills competition not only develops students' experimental capacity and innovation inspirit,but also promotes the improvement of chemical experimental teaching level.


This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of block shear strength of staggered bolted connections made of high strength steel (HSS). The study aims to examine the effect of low ductility and low tensile‐to‐yield strength ratio of HSS material on the behaviour and block shear strength of staggered bolted connections. Two Q690 HSS staggered bolted connections were tested and failed in block shear failure, which was characterised by tension fracture of the staggered net tension plane and significant shear deformation along the shear plane. The test observations were further interpreted by finite element (FE) analysis. The test results and FE analysis indicate that the block shear failure mechanism of staggered bolted connections is the fracture of the staggered net tension plane combined with the yielding of the effective shear plane. Finally, the design methods in various design codes for evaluating the block shear strength of bolted connections were assessed and the results showed that the existing design methods provided inconsistent predictions of the block shear strength of HSS staggered bolted connections. More experimental and numerical works are currently in progress to further understand the block shear strength of HSS staggered bolted connections.


English, as a language of wide communication, is an international language in both a global and local sense. Its global spread and evolution have been topics of heated discussion. This paper reviews briefly the history and relevant literature of the globalization of English, and explores its implications in English language teaching, especially in the Chinese context.


In this paper, a new adaptive optimal tracking approximate solution for the infinite-horizon function is presented to design a new controller for a class of fully unknown continuous-times nonlinear systems. A dynamic neural network identifier (DNN) derived from a Lyapunov function, is achieved to approximate the unknown system dynamics. We utilize an adaptive steady-state controller based on the identified plant to keep tracking performance and an adaptive optimal controller is used to stabilize the systems. A critic neural network is utilized for estimating optimal value function of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB). The simulation examples are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller method.


This chapter discusses 'musical metaphysics', a utopian vision in which music was seen as a powerful force with the ability both to overcome the social, political, and ethnic divisions that threatened to tear the empire asunder, and to reawaken Russian spirituality. Combining Schopenhauer and Nietzsche's metaphysical interpretations of music with Russian religious philosophy, musical metaphysics posited an influential image of music's transformative power. Offering both a symbol of a new society (marked by social unity, spiritual depth, and moral uprightness), and a means through which to achieve this transfiguration, music was viewed as a potential tool in the re-spiritualization of the world, an interpretation that inspired musicians, poets and philosophers alike. While musical metaphysics ultimately promised more than it could offer (music, it turned out, could not transform reality), echoes of this worldview continued to shape interpretations of musical meaning well into the Soviet era.


The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has engaged to implement an enterprise data warehouse as part of a strategic investment in its information technology (IT) infrastructure. Data warehousing provides an information architecture that serves as the enterprisewide source of data for performance analysis and organizational reporting. To assist VDOT in achieving its strategic outcome area objectives, a programming and scheduling (P&S) data mart is being developed to track preconstruction project activities. This data mart and subsequent data marts function as departmental decision support platforms, enabling VDOT's operating divisions to perform their own enhanced analytical processing, visualization, and data mining for more informed business decision capabilities. Presented is a case study based on the enterprise data warehouse and P&S data mart being developed and implemented for VDOT by TransCore. Explicitly described is how one VDOT division, Programming and Scheduling, will benefit by investing in IT to achieve its strategic goals. The design approach, methodology, and implementation procedure for the P&S decision support data mart are detailed. The methodology for capturing the performance measures that have been defined by the P&S division in the context of its strategic outcome areas is highlighted. Recommended future direction and the technologies that the agency should adopt to continue to maximize their IT investment are outlined.


A quarter-car dynamic system has been modeled using Magnetorheological (MR) damper and a parallel structure of fuzzy PID controller to control the semi-active suspension system. The polynomial model is applied to estimate the behavior of MR damper. The MATLAB software and its Simulink environment are used to simulate the model of the system. The results show the use of fuzzy PID controller has successfully reduced the chassis displacement as the driving comfort objectives than PID controller and improved its robustness.


Ground deformations can be determined via various measurement methods, such as levelling, laser scanning, satellite navigation systems, synthetic aperture radar, and many others. In this article, the authors present cross-validation displacement monitoring results obtained via real-time (RT) and near real-time (NRT) global navigation satellite system calculation scenarios. To verify and validate the quality of RT and NRT long-term displacements, an independent postprocessing (P-P) service was established. The study area was located in the Upper Silesian coal mining region in Poland. The verification procedure for the RT and NRT systems included a demonstration of the achieved accuracy, the time span required to detect a significant displacement, and the determination of the minimum detectable value of deformation. Regarding the P-P data source, the NRT service had root mean square (RMS) errors of approximately 2 and 4 mm for the horizontal components, while the RT errors ranged from 5 to 10 mm. In the vertical direction, the NRT strategy had RMS errors of 5–6 mm, while the RT service achieved the accuracy of 10 mm. The minimum detectable values of deformation for the NRT procedure were 5, 7, and 11 mm in the northern, eastern, and up directions, respectively. For the RT system, the significant values were determined to be 10 and 15 mm for the horizontal and 20 mm for the vertical components.


A universal language system for visual programming is presented. Any specific visual programming system can easily be constructed using the system. The system is based on previous studies of VPS/VPSM, and is extended by providing a unified, object-oriented model of visual elements management and support tools which enable the system designer to construct visual programming systems more easily.<<ETX>>


Resulting from high welding currents, resistance welding is accompanied by intense magnetic fields. In the paper, it is demonstrated that field exposure of operators of resistance welding machines can be lowered by means of field compensation, if otherwise exposure limits would be exceeded. The field compensation arrangements are investigated and optimized by finite elements (FEM) simulation and verified by measurements.


Social imaginaries carried by the entertainment industry matter for understanding how the general public makes sense of complex social phenomena. Mass culture is a representation of pre-existing ideas on international politics, rooted in space and time, and a constitutive element of the social and political world. Mass entertainment, as well as massively popular forms of popular culture such as video games, are only now entering the field of vision of scholars interested in cultural representations of international relations. This article contributes to this trend by looking at visions of diplomacy present in a global mass entertainment franchise: Hasbro's My Little Pony. Behind the lighter aspects of a show created for young children lies a fictional universe with elements of diplomacy and international relations. The article insists on the importance of visions of early 21st-century American unipolar order and a liberal view of international politics in the show's world.


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Conditions on which the FCF Model Agrees with the Residual Income ModelExogenous variablesEndogenous variables and conditionsThe relationship between investments and cost allocationsThe Effects of the Accounting Procedure on the Enterprise ValueThe Limitation of Cash Flow in Terms of Management Accounting InformationConclusionsAppendix: Relationship Between the Present Value of FCF and that of Residual ValueReferences


YingMai2 area, with typical fracture reservoirs with very low matrix porosity and permeability, is located in the old buried mountain tectonic belt, where faults and fractures are well developed. The main storage spaces are of secondary porosity, such as tectonic fractures and pores, dissolved vugs, holes and cracks. The fracture reservoirs in YingMai2 area are controlled by two factors, tectonic movements of faults and expansion dissolution along fractures. The middle Caledonian, late Caledonian, late Hercynian and late Hercynian-Indosinian faults systems are the main formation mechanisms of the fracture reservoirs in YingMai2 area. The fracture reservoirs are also influenced by expansion dissolution along fractures.


From the angle of resources, environment and man-land relationship, this paper examines and analyses the chief influential factors, the functional traits and functional principle of the key factors in the ecosystem of the sustainable development of China. This paper argues that the population quality of the Chinese nation is the key to the sustainable development of China.


A new model-free adaptive robust control method has been proposed for the robotic exoskeleton, and the proposed control scheme depends only on the input and output data, which is different from model-based control algorithms that require exact dynamic model knowledge of the robotic exoskeleton. The dependence of the control algorithm on the prior knowledge of the robotic exoskeleton dynamics model is reduced, and the influence of the system uncertainties are compensated by using the model-free adaptive sliding mode controller based on data-driven methodology and neural network estimator, which improves the robustness of the system. Finally, real-time experimental results show that the control scheme proposed in this paper achieves better control performances with good robustness with respect to system uncertainties and external wind disturbances compared with the model-free adaptive control scheme and model-free sliding mode adaptive control scheme.


Background:
 Migraine, seizure and toxic metabolic encephalopathy are common stroke mimics (SM) during code stroke (CS) evaluation and up to 30% of patients treated with IV tPA are found to have SM. An ideal way to differentiate SM from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is through history and clinical examination in conjunction with MRI brain. Quick identification of a set of clinical characteristics predictive of SM may be helpful to prevent unnecessary IV thrombolysis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate effectiveness of a predictive scoring system to differentiate AIS from SM.

 Methods:
 The study population included 508 patients who received IV tPA from Jan 2013-Dec 2016 at a large comprehensive stroke center. Sixty clinical characteristics were reviewed and 27 were chosen for prediction analysis based on univariate ANOVA F-test. A prediction model is proposed by multivariate logistic regression with step wise selection of variables with the variable entry and stay threshold of p value 0.2 and 0.05 respectively to develop a predictive score.

 Results:
 Our scoring system consists of 7 clinical characteristics which are easily assessable during "CS" with yes and no answers. Each clinical variable has score weightage based on strength of statistical association with final diagnosis AIS Vs SM. Score is composed of : seizure at onset (score yes: -1.8, no:0), headache (yes: -2.3, no:0), history of migraine (yes: -1.7, no:0) , encephalopathy (yes: -1.2, no:0), atrial-fibrillation (yes: 1.3, no:0), NIHSS (0.1 per unit) and localizable symptoms (yes : 3.3, no: 0). Area under receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.91 and a score >3.4 identified AIS with a sensitivity of 88.3% and specificity of 82.1%.

 Conclusion:
 Our study found that clinical characteristics of acute presentation were more helpful than conventional vascular risk factors history to differentiate AIS from SM. Our predictive score is reliable to differentiate AIS from SM and is intended to help clinicians identify SM using quick and simple clinical characteristics. Prospective validation of the score is needed.


Target detection techniques based on Brillouin scattering are presented. The basic theory of Brillouin scattering in ocean water and atmosphere is discussed. Three Brillouin scattering spectroscopy methods: F-P interferometer, edge detection, and optical beating detection, are introduced. Comparison and analyses are made about these methods.


A dialysis machine (1) comprising a hemodialysis filter (2), an input branch (5) of the dialysis solution into said filter (2), an output branch (6) of the dialysis solution from said filter (2), an arterial line (3) that is responsible for transporting the patient's blood to the filter (2), a venous line (4) that is responsible for transporting the blood filter (2) to the patient, a plurality of pumps (9, 10) adapted to circulate both the blood and the dialysis solution, a device for measuring oxygen saturation (13) applied to said arterial line (3) and a control unit / control (12) adapted to receiving information from said device for measuring oxygen saturation (13); said machine being characterized by comprising a device isolated ultrafiltration (14) arranged along the arterial line of the patient (3), and measuring the sodium concentration in blood of the patient (16) applied to the ultrafiltered plasma produced by said isolated-ultrafiltration device (14) and adapted to give information to said control unit / control (12); said control unit / control (12) to a device being connected for preparing the dialysis solution (7) adapted to modify the composition and temperature of the own dialysis solution, and a pump (10) applied to said output branch ( 6) of the dialysing solution adapted to adjust the flow of ultrafiltrated taken from the patient I; having implemented said control unit / control (12) adaptation algorithms of haemodiafiltration process according to oxygen saturation in the patient's blood and intervening on a component ultrafiltration of said filter (2), the concentration of sodium and the temperature of the dialysis solution; having additionally implemented said control unit / control (12) an algorithm for adapting the conductivity and sodium concentration in the dialysate according to the level of sodium in the patient's blood and intervening on the dialysing solution through device for preparing the dialysis solution (7) and said pump (10) applied to said output branch for restoring the correct sodium value in the patient's blood.


Prostatic cancer among adult males is the most common neoplasm in most developed countries. The present book gives a brief overview of the histopathology of prostatic needle biopsies for diagnosing various prostatic lesions, to correlate the histopathological findings with preoperative serum PSA levels and to apply immunohistochemistry for confirmation of diagnosis in cases with diagnostic dilemma.


Free movement of workers makes an essential part of the freedom of movement of persons as one of the four fundamental freedoms of the common European market. At the same time, it constitutes the fundamental right of European citizens to move freely in the EU Member States, which differentiates them significantly from economic immigrants penetrating to the common market from third countries. Republic of Hungary became a member of the EU within the framework of an extensive enlargement in 2004, hence it has recorded significant experience and trends in the field of the freedom of movement of workers. Its neighbour, Republic of Croatia, has made progress in pre-accession negotiations and, in line with the intensive closing of negotiation chapters in relation with harmonisation of the national legislation with the acquis communautaire, its full membership is expected to take place in either 2012 or 2013. On the eve of its full membership, Croatia faces numerous challenges set by free movement of workers which, entirely justified, opens issues referring to the influence of the freedom of movement on the domestic labour market, waves of economic migration of Croatian citizens to other Member States, as well as an inflow of other EU citizens into Croatia. It may be expected that a considerable number of educated Croatian workers will leave Croatia, a relatively small country with a high rate of unemployment, continuing in that way the tendency that started in unstable, transitional and war-affected nineties in the last century. Experience gained in that field by the Republic of Hungary, a neighbouring country with its own political and economic transitional ethos, is definitely significant and may provide answers to open questions and dilemmas or serve as a legitimate potpourri for estimation of future situation.


Imaging in Transplantation is one in a series of textbooks on medical radiology and diagnostic imaging. The editors have achieved their primary stated goal of providing nonspecialized radiologists with easily accessible, comprehensive information covering both essential and routine-butrelevant diagnostic topics in transplantation imaging. This well-written book is a collaboration by authors from Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States and covers the entire spectrum of currently available organ transplantations in humans. The topics comprise both solid-organ transplantation, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lung, pancreas, and intestines, and bone marrow transplantation. The first chapter is an overview of solid-organ transplantation and introduces the reader to the field, starting with the historical background and going on to describe organ procurement, patient selection criteria, immune response to allograft and xenograft, diagnosis of graft function and treatment complications, and the role of imaging in the evaluation of both living and cadaveric donors and the recipient. The chapter also includes an important section— both interesting and informative—on the cost of transplantation in general and differences in the cost between Europe and the United States. Chapters 2 through 6 cover transplantation of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and bone marrow. The first section in each chapter deals with epidemiologic, clinical, and surgical considerations, including different surgical techniques, and the second is devoted to imaging, thereby ensuring flow and continuity throughout the book. The chapter on bone marrow transplantation focuses on indications and techniques and describes the gamut of complications, including graft failure, opportunistic infections, graft versus host disease, and others. The final chapter, chapter 7, comprises sections on pancreatic transplantation and on intestinal transplantation. Both sections cover organ procurement; complications during and after transplantation; various imaging modalities, techniques, and findings; and complications specific to particular transplants and to vascular grafts. The section on intestinal transplants also covers liver-intestinal transplantation, including imaging modalities and abnormalities. This book has 213 figures in 424 separate illustrations, 99 of which are in color. The illustrations are excellent in showing the findings. Every chapter is supported by relevant, high-quality images, many of which include arrows identifying the abnormality. However, other images could have been improved by the addition of arrows for the benefit of nonradiologists, thereby ensuring a wider readership for the book. The pages have a glossy finish that showcases the images well. The images comprise many CT scans, including contrast-enhanced multidetector axial images; many MR images; ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonograms; volume-rendered and axial CT angiograms; a few plain radiographs and arteriograms; a few MR angiograms and digital subtracted angiograms; and an occasional upper gastrointestinal series or retrograde intestinal enema. The accompanying legends clearly identify and explain the radiographic or histopathologic abnormality. Some color histologic slides of microscopic pathology, occasional photographs of patients showing cutaneous pathologic findings in graft versus host reaction, and occasional gross cadaver graft specimens are also included. Future editions can be improved by the addition of radionuclide imaging of acute infection and imaging of renal transplants or PET/CT in lymphomas and other tumors so as to complete the imaging spectrum. The chapters are well researched and supported by a good number of references. The 15 tables are relevant, useful, simple, and effective. In the clinical sections, the clinical background information blends well and reinforces the state-of-the-art radiologic images, thus meeting the second stated goal of the editors in providing and enforcing a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostic imaging in the field of transplantation medicine. Overall, this book provides a good overview of the field and includes concepts, facts, and images needed for a basic understanding of all stages of individual organ transplantation. I highly recommend this book to surgeons, radiologists, internists, and other subspecialists in internal medicine who are active in the field. Besides the high-quality images, the wealth of information in the text will help practitioners to evaluate and understand patients better. By affording one a good look at the short-term clinical complications of transplantation surgery and the long-term effects of immunosuppression to keep the graft functioning, this book will be a useful addition to many hospital libraries for reference by residents and physicians confronted with the many acute and chronic problems that can occur before and after organ transplantation. Now that transplant patients are living longer because of better care and medicines, more and newer problems are emerging in these patients. This book can help one COPYRIGHT a 2008 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Inc. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.052357


Composites of isotatic polypropylene (iPP) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) of different concentrations were prepared via an in‐situ polymerization using metallocene catalysts. Rheological properties as well as the electrical conductivity were measured simultaneously as a function of CNT‐concentration. A significant effect on the dynamic‐mechanical behaviour was found even far below the concentration of the electrical percolation threshold. In addition, the influence of the CNT on the elasticity as measured by the recoverable compliance in shear was determined. In the linear viscoelastic regime a significant increase of the recoverable compliance by adding carbon nanotubes was found. This finding is explained by an interaction between filler and matrix, which hinders the mobility of those matrix molecules being in contact with the CNT. These interactions are not related to the existence of a CNT percolation network as an increase of conductivity is not found simultaneously.


Since 1989, blue-collar foreign workers have been permitted to work in Taiwanese industries. Most blue-collar foreign workers apply for jobs in Taiwan through blue-collar foreign workers' agencies. Because blue-collar foreign workers are not familiar with the language and culture in Taiwan, in occupational accident education and hazard prevention, the agencies play an important role in the coordination and translation between employees and blue-collar foreign workers. The purpose of this study is to establish the agencies' role in the occupational accidents education and hazard prevention for blue-collar foreign workers in Taiwan. This study uses a qualitative method—grounded theory—to collect, code, and analyze the data in order to understand the agencies' role in occupational accident education and hazard prevention for blue-collar foreign workers in Taiwan. The results show that the duty of agencies in occupational accident education and hazard prevention includes selecting appropriate blue-collar foreign workers, communicating between employees and blue-collar foreign workers, collecting occupational safety and health information, assisting in the training of occupational safety and health, and helping blue-collar foreign workers adapt to their lives in Taiwan. Finally, this study suggests seven important points and discusses the implementation process necessary to improve governmental policies. The government and employees should pay attention to the education/training of occupational safety and health for blue-collar foreign workers to eliminate unsafe behavior in order to protect the lives of blue-collar foreign workers.


This edition offers a critical text of the Latin prose translation of the Odyssey of Homer, made in about 1462 by Francesco Griffolini at the behest of Pope Pius II. The comprehensive introduction provides information about the life and work of the author, examines his method of translation and clarifies the manuscript transmission of the text.


During the sixties, the idea of building a canal to promote the economic development of Seville through the river gained momentum. The initiative –already started in 1953– sought to create an industrial conurbation between the Andalusian capital and Sanlúcar de Barrameda. It was supported by various industrial and commercial sectors of Seville, as well as by local political-administrative institutions. The initiative was also fostered by the Chief of State, general Franco. However, that project actually failed. ¿How such a strong public policy could have been thwarted despite of the support of the dictatorial regime?


Adrenal preclinical Cushings syndrome (preCS) refers to adrenocortical tumor that secretes cortisol autonomously and yet does not manifest a series of physical signs characteristic of Cushings syndrome. In the Japanese guideline on preCS published in 1996 surgical resection is indicated in tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter or in those suspected of malignancy. We have recommended surgery to a wider variety of patients who have metabolic complications such as glucose intolerance and hypertension in the background. In this study we surveyed whether parameters of glucose tolerance changed after resection of the tumor. From January 2001 to June 2005 32 preCS cases were wrought up in our department 17 of which were subsequently subjected to adrenalectomy. Seventy‑fi ve gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed both presurgically and postsurgically in 11 cases. After surgery three patients showed improvement in plasma glucose profi le. Homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA‑R) integrated insulin secretion during OGTT (ΣIRI) and insulinogenic index (II) made no signifi cant change after surgery but II showed a fairly plausible tendency of improvement. Our present data from small number of patients imply that surgical treatment of preCS may improve early‑phase insulin secretion in OGTT. As preCS is most likely an insidious contributor to metabolic syndrome in the general population its surgical indication should be extensively discussed in future studies. Hirosaki Med.J. 59 Supplement:S199―S201,2007


Abstract:
 All endemic species of Hispaniola and Cuba that were formerly assigned to Clerodendrum, with the exception of Volkameria aculeata (or C. aculeatum), are transferred to Ovieda, based on morphological and phytogeographical evidence. A full synonymy, with citation of types, is given for all of them, and the necessary seven new combinations are validated. Citation: Méndez Santos I. E. 2016: New combinations in Ovieda (Lamiaceae) for Cuba and Hispaniola [Novitiae florae cubensis 51]. — Willdenowia 46: 261–263. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46207 Version of record first published online on 28 July 2016 ahead of inclusion in August 2016 issue.


Abstract A low bit rate information hiding scheme is important for efficient communication. According to our observation, in a search order coding based (SOC based) hiding method, the case distribution generated from different images and from different secret strings is different. Based on this characteristic, we designed a dynamic selective, SOC based, information hiding scheme to achieve a desirable compression effect. That is, depending on different case distributions, we used different coding modes to reduce the bit rate more effectively. The main concept of our design is to let the two cases that occur most frequently use one-bit indicators and to let the remaining two cases use four-bit indicators to indicate the following coding types. The experimental results showed that the proposed scheme has a lower bit rate than other SOC based information hiding schemes. As a result, the proposed information hiding scheme is more practical for real world applications.


The purpose of this study is to examine the phonological awareness ability of preschool children with speech disorders. Subjects were composed of 18 articulatorily-disordered preschool children and 18 phonologically-disordered children of 4-6 years old. Percent of correct consonants and phonological awareness ability were tested. Results showed as follows: First, there was no remarkable difference between the two groups in percent of correct consonants. Second, the average of the total scores of the phonological awareness test showed a remarkable difference between the two groups. The same result was found in the small groups classified by the age. Because there was a remarkable difference in the phonological awareness ability in the test groups, the phonological awareness ability can be employed as an important parameter to distinguish articulatorily-disordered children from phonologically-disordered children.


Microsoft PowerPoint lets you draw diagrams for your essays, flowcharts for your organisation, or designs for your website. Here are some tips on how to get the most out of it.


The utility model relates to a luxurious split cabinet type air conditioner. On the basis of the original air conditioner, the basic structure of a refrigeration system of the original air conditioner is not changed, and the basic structure of the refrigeration system is also composed of an indoor machine and an outdoor machine. A purification device and a ventilation device are added in the original air conditioner, wherein, the purification device is installed in the indoor machine. The ventilation device is installed between the indoor machine and the outdoor machine. The purification device is composed of a primary efficacy filter, an electrostatic precipitator, a medium efficacy filter, a compound filter, an ultraviolet lamp tube, an ozone generator, and an anion generator, and the ventilation device is composed of an air-feeding pump for fresh air, an exhaust pump for muddy gas, and a ventilation pipe. The utility model keeps the functions of temperature adjustment and humidity removal of the original air conditioner, and has the functions of purifying air and supplementing fresh air, with the advantages of energy saving and no high cost. In addition, the utility model can be used for a high-grade dwelling house, a hospital, a pharmaceutical factory, a food product factory, and public places, with obvious effect.


Superhydrophobic coatings help to reduce the surface contamination of glass and improve its performance. A SiO2 nanoparticles superhydrophobic surface with tunable adhesion is obtained on a glass substrate after modifying with PDMS. With the water contact angle of 155.1 ± 3°, the superhydrophobic surface also shows excellent self-cleaning property, good durability and thermal stability. This method is facile, cost-effective and easy to operate and will expand the potential applications of glass materials in different fields.


The Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (MCA) consists of anterograde tracing experiments targeting diverse structures and classes of projecting neurons. Beyond regional anterograde tracing done in C57BL/6 wild type mice, a large fraction of experiments are performed using transgenic Cre-lines. This allows access to cell-class specific whole brain connectivity information, with class defined by the transgenic lines. However, even though the number of experiments is large, it does not come close to covering all existing cell classes in every area where they exist. Here, we study how much we can fill in these gaps and estimate the cell-class specific connectivity function given the simplifying assumptions that nearby voxels have smoothly varying projections, but that these projection tensors can change sharply depending on the region and class of the projecting cells. This paper describes the conversion of Cre-line tracer experiments into class-specific connectivity matrices representing the connection strengths between source and target structures. We introduce and validate a novel statistical model for creation of connectivity matrices. We extend the Nadaraya-Watson kernel learning method which we previously used to fill in spatial gaps to also fill in a gaps in cell-class connectivity information. To do this, we construct a "cell-class space" based on class-specific averaged regionalized projections and combine smoothing in 3D space as well as in this abstract space to share information between similar neuron classes. Using this method we construct a set of connectivity matrices using multiple levels of resolution at which discontinuities in connectivity are assumed. We show that the connectivities obtained from this model display expected cell-type and structure specific connectivities. We also show that the wild type connectivity matrix can be factored using a sparse set of factors, and analyze the informativeness of this latent variable model. AUTHOR SUMMARY Large-scale studies have described the connections between areas in multiple mammalian models in ever expanding detail. Standard connectivity studies focus on the connection strength between areas. However, when describing functions at a local circuit level, there is an increasing focus on cell types. We have recently described the importance of connection types in the cortico-thalamic system, which allows an unsupervised discovery of its hierarchical organization. In this study we focus on adding a dimension of connection type for a brain-wide mesoscopic connectivity model. Even with our relatively massive dataset, the data in the cell type direction for connectivity is quite sparse, and we had to develop methods to more reliably extrapolate in such directions, and to estimate when such extrapolations are impossible. This allows us to fill in such a connection type specific inter-areal connectivity matrix to the extent our data allows. While analyzing this complex connectivity, we observed that it can be described via a small set of factors. While not complete, this connectivity matrix represents a a categorical and quantitative improvement in mouse mesoscale connectivity models.


Understanding the relationship between the distribution of organisms and their environment is important for regional conservation planning. While most herpetofaunal community studies address environmental influence on species richness, few studies describe environmental influence on species composition at geographic scales. Field surveys of herpetofauna were conducted during 1994-2000 in Tochigi Prefecture, which covers ca. 6400 km_ of mainland Japan and includes a wide range of elevation, annual mean temperature, and human population densities. We evaluated whether (i) regional herpetofauna are distributed along a gradient of climate and elevation, as well as land cover and land use, and (ii) 'climate/elevation' and 'landcover' variables differ in their relative contribution. Ordination indicated a strong geographic gradient in species composition that was correlated with climate, elevation, land cover and land use. Reptiles were strongly influenced by land cover and land use (residential, agricultural, ...


Banana, as the world's most consumed fruit, is a good source of carbohydrate, potassium, fiber, and other essential nutrients such as pro-vitamin A carotenoids. The carotenoid content and composition in bananas commonly sold in fruit shops in Malang have become interesting studies. Five types of banana, i.e. Berlin, Mas, Cavendish, Candi and Raja were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The carotenoid concentrations ranged between 347–3,660 µg/100 g dry weight (dw), with the level of vitamin A activity at the range between 6-139 µg RAE/100 g dw. The Mas banana had a higher carotenoid concentration compared to the Berlin, Candi, Raja, and Cavendish varieties.


Learning new representations from data has been effective in predicting protein functions. However, common techniques tend to extract features irrelevant to the classification task. We propose an autoencoder network that selectively extracts features to produce meaningful representations. By increasing the activation of neurons kept by a winner-take-all operation, hidden units compete to form a subset that encodes relevant features, a process dubbed as mutual competition. We test this method on protein benchmarks, evaluating feature score distribution and classification performance. Results show that the autoencoder extracted features relevant to the classification task, and significantly outperformed other techniques in literature based on non-parameteric statistical tests. This demonstrates that adding competition between neurons encodes meaningful features, further improving the prediction of protein functions.


Theoretical reviews of integrated gasification combined cycle one of the clean coal technologies and trends in the study and technology development for high temperature desulfurization sorbents were investigated. Reactivity, durability and abrasion resistance is an important key for development of high temperature desulfurization sorbents, the kind of things include calcium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper-based sorbents. Current status of high temperature desulfurization sorbents, manufacturing techniques of zinc-based sorbent in advanced countries has commercialized. In case of Korea, various research studies are under-way to commercialize the Zn and non Zn-based high temperature desulfurization sorbents to cheaper and superior capability using various supports.


With increasing popularity of Peer to Peer systems for video streaming, it is important that the expectations of the users regarding the quality of such systems are being met. In a P2P system, the media stream is divided into small data units known as chunks. Each peer in a Peer to Peer (P2P) system has to take two important decisions at a given time. First, which chunks are to be shared and second with which peer. This paper compares the performance of different combinations of chunk/peer schedulers in terms of chunk diffusion delay, average chunk distribution delay and max chunk distribution delay. By doing so, the best possible combination of the two schedulers for the given experimental setup is explored. The results obtained under the specified experimental setup show that when chunk scheduling algorithm Deadline Based Chunk Scheduler (DLc) is combined with different peer scheduling algorithms, the best results are obtained by its combination with Chunk Earliest Free Pair Scheduler (CEFp). For a constant peer scheduler CEFp combined with different chunk schedulers, the best results are obtained by combining it with Latest Blind Chunk Scheduler (LBc). Finally, with varying neighborhood size, the best results are obtained by the combination of DLC and Chunk Almost Free Peer Scheduler (CAFp)


Fisher's syndrome comprises ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. The clinicoanatomical correlation and the nosological situation have been disputed since the first description by Fisher in 1956. The accumulated data indicate that the syndrome is a demyelinative process of peripheral nerves and is to be linked with the Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome.Eight patients with Fisher's syndrome were examined in order to study the site of lesion responsible for ataxia. The nature of ataxia was considered to be not segmental incoordination but static or locomotor ataxia, because of the lack of ataxia in the extremities and in speech even when the patients were unable to stand or sit. Vibratory sensation was severely impaired in the majority of the cases. Some patients had unique distribution of proximal dominancy. Both the severity and clinical course of dysequilibrium had intimate relations to those of the vibratory disorder. No clinical or laboratory findings were obtained which suggested vestibulocerebellar dysfunction.Morin's spino-cerevico-thalamic tract has been recently proposed as a possible pathway of vibratory sensation and equilibrium. A sole autospied case was reported by Richter (1962) who demonstrated the restricted degeneration of Flechsig's middle root zone in the posterior column of the spinal cord which relays vibratory and proprioceptive sensations via Morin's tract to the cerebrum and cerebellum.It is concluded that the events of vibratory sensory loss connected with dysequilibrium seem to be important in these respects.


FIELD: physics, computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engineering fields associated with Internet technologies, and particularly to an update notification method and system. The technical result is achieved through a method which includes steps of: selecting (301) a network resource; retrieving (302) specific content of the network resource; comparing (303), twice successively, the retrieved specific content of the network resource; notifying (304) a user that the content of the network resource has been updated if the specific content has been altered. EFFECT: enabling dynamic monitoring of a variety of network resources, including those resources which do not support RSS output, and notifying users once the corresponding network resources have been updated. 29 cl, 14 dwg


We study the pulse profiles of medium-luminosity binary X-ray pulsars in the framework of a column model. The model includes relativistic effects in a Schwarzschild spacetime and the dipolar shape of the accretion funnel. It takes into account mechanisms that are expected to be of major importance for the energy dependence of the pulse shape: energy-dependent local beaming of radiation leaving the column, the luminous halo formed by illumination of the neutron star surface, and magnetic scattering in the upper accretion stream. Beam patterns and pulse profiles are calculated for different values of mass and radius of the neutron star and different local beaming functions. The results illustrate that the energy dependence of the pulse profiles is to a large degree determined by the energy-dependent relative importance of the halo and column contributions to the observed flux.


The existing safety problems of some common food packaging materials(such as plastic, rubber, paper, glass, metal, porcelain enamel and pottery)were introduced, and several preventive and control measures were also put forward in this paper.


We present a characterization of $2$-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds with constant Ricci scalar curvature. It is well known that every $2$-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds is conformally flat, so we rewrite the Ricci scalar curvature in terms of the conformal factor and we study the solutions of the corresponding differential equations. Several remarkable examples are provided.


Summary Several media were compared with plate count agar (PCA) for determining numbers of Staphylococcus aureus 196E (ATCC 13565) surviving hydrogen peroxide-catalase treatment in milk at 54.4 C. Time intervals required for 90, 99, 99.9, and. 99.99% destruction of S. aureus were determined from survivor curves obtained with each medium. Statistical analyses were made of the intervals for 90 and 99.9% destruction. The time required for 99.9% destruction was significantly longer when survivors were enumerated on PCA than when enumeration was made on Staphylococcus medium 110 (SM110), Staphylococcus medium 110-Egg Yolk agar (SM110-Ey), tryptic soy agar, or trypticase soy agar (TSA). SM110-Ey was the only medium which inhibited growth of survivors sufficiently to give significantly shorter time for 90% destruction than PCA. Heart infusion agar (HIA) did not differ significantly from PCA in ability to support growth of survivors.


Plots were direct seeded 27 Mar '85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 25 ft long. The plots were irrigated by an overhead sprinkler twice a week. There were 4 replications per treatment in a completely random design. Treatments were applied on 17, 24, Apr 1, 8, and 15 May with a CO2 powered, 2.5-gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. Fifty pods per plot were evaluated for cowpea curculio damage on 21 May. The curculio population was normal. Other insect species did not buildup in the plots. Duncan's new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.


This chapter, from a handbook on transportation systems and traffic control, presents a discussion on modeling traffic signal control. It begins with an example of the way traffic signal control may be used to deliver public transit benefits. The authors then focus on the simplest traffic signal control model, the continuous model of a single junction operating on a fixed-time basis. This is followed by a discussion on discrete models with individual vehicles. Networks of signalized junctions are then discussed, with the basic principles of TRANSYT, SCOOT, and SCATS being outlined. The authors note that the optimization procedures within all three of these systems embody delay-minimizing goals and make the assumption that flows are essentially unchanged by any control changes made.


The present situation of the vacuum brazing and vacuum diffusion welding technique for Al/Cu dissimilar joint is described.Main difficulties in welding Al/Cu were analyzed clearly.The further study focused on welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals will be finding a suitable process,which can avoid or decrease the brittle inter-metallic compounds of brazing seam region for the Al/Cu welding joint.