Kwapień and Woyczyński asked in their monograph (1992) whether their notion of superstrong domination is inherited when taking sums of independent symmetric random vectors (one vector dominates another if, essentially, tail probabilities of any norm of the two vectors compare up to some scaling constants). We answer this question positively. As a by-product of our methods, we establish that a certain notion of weak concentration is also preserved by taking sums of independent symmetric random vectors.


Let $G$ be a graph, let $m$ be a positive integer, and let $f$ be a positive integer-valued function on $V(G)$. In this paper, we show that if for all $S\subseteq V(G)$, $$\Omega_m(G\setminus S)\le \sum_{v\in S}\big(f(v)-2m\big)+m+\Omega_m(G[S]),$$ then $G$ has a spanning $m$-tree-connected subgraph $H$ containing an arbitrary given subgraph with maximum degree at most $m$ such that for each vertex $v$, $d_H(v)\le f(v)$, where $G[S]$ denotes the induced subgraph of $G$ with the vertex set $S$ and $\Omega_m(G_0)$ is a parameter to measure $m$-tree-connectivity of a given graph $G_0$. By applying this result, we prove that every $k$-edge-connected graph $G$ has a spanning $m$-tree-connected subgraph $H$ such that for each vertex $v$, $d_H(v)\le \big\lceil \frac{m}{k}(d_G(v)-2m)\big\rceil+2m$, where $k\ge 2m$; also if $G$ is $k$-tree-connected, then $H$ can be found such that for each vertex $v$, $d_H(v)\le \big\lceil \frac{m}{k}(d_G(v)-m)\big\rceil+m$, where $k\ge m$. Next, we prove that if for all $S\subseteq V(G)$, $$\frac{1}{2}\Omega_2(G\setminus S)\le \sum_{v\in S}(f(v)-3/2)+1,$$ then $G$ admits a spanning closed trail meeting each vertex $v$ at most $f(v)$ times. From this result, we conclude that every $4$-tough graph of order at least three admits a spanning closed trail meeting each vertex at most twice. This result confirms a weaker version of a long-standing conjecture due to Chv\'atal (1973).


Extensive work has been done on the animation of geometric algorithms, as confirmed by the videos and demonstrations presented at the A(}M Computational Geometry Symposium. Mocha is a new distributed model for algorithm animation over the World Wide Web with a client-server architecture that optimally partitions the software components of a typical algorithm animation system, and leverages the power of the ,Java language, an emerging standard for distributing interactive platform-independent apphcations across the Web. Algorithm Animation on the Internet Following the event-driven approach advocated by Brown and the conceptual framework pioneered by Stasko we view algorithm animation as an event driven system of communicating processes: the algorithm augmented with annotations of interesting events, called algorithm operations, ancl the animation component that provides the multimedia visualization of the the algorithm operations. We further subdivide the animation component into the G [JI, which handles the interaction with the user, and the animator, which maps algorithm operations and user requests into dynamic multimedia scenes. The X Window system provides a basic clientserver mechanism for algorithm animation over the Internet, which we shall call X model. Namely, an animation program running on a remote machine can interact with the X server on the local user's machine by opening there a window, sending graphic output and receiving the user's keyboard and mouse actions. While this mechanism is simple to implement, there are significant security problems associated with remote X sessions, and the communication load placed on the Internet is *Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR–9423847, by the (J.S. Army Research Office under graats DAAH04–93–0134 and DAAH04–96–1–0013, and by the N. A. T. O.-C.N.R. Advanced Fellowships F'ro.gramme. t Department of Computer Science, Brown CJniversity, 115 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912–1910, (JSA. {Jib,gl ,rt}@cs .brom. edu i Departme]lt of Electrical Engineering and ("hmputer Skience Tufts tlniversity, 161 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, [ISA. lsabel@cs .tufts. edu Permission to make digitel/hard copies of all or pati of tids material for peraomd or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or dktributcd for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copyright is by permission of !he.ACM, @c. To cqy othe~ise, to republish, to peat on aervera or to redlatnbute to Ma, rqwres apacitic permieeion andlor fee. Computational Geometry'96, Philadelphia PA, USA 81996 ACM &89791 .8~5/96/fj5. .$3.50 quite high. The arrival of the HotJava browser and of the Java language opens the possibility of embedding interactive applications in HTML documents, which are executed on the user machine after their code has been transferred. This a very attractive possibility provided that the user machine is powerful enough to run a sophisticated animation algorithm and that the provider of the animation does not mind sharing the code with the rest of the world. To overcome the problems inherent in the X and the Java model, we have proposed a new lmodel, called Mocha, for algorithm animation over the World Wide Web [1]. Mocha is a distributed model with a clientserver architecture that optimally partitions the software components of a typical algorithm animation system, and leverages the power of the ,Java language. In the Mocha model, only the interface code is exported to the user machine, while the algorithm is executed on a server that runs on the provider's machine. See Figure 1. Mocha provides high levels of security, protects the algorithm code, places a light communication load on the Internet, and allows users with limited computing resources to access animations of comprrtationally expensive algorithms. The user interface combines fast responsiveness and user friendliness with the powerful aut~oring capabilities of hypertext narratives. We employ multithreading in the implernentatiou of the G1-JI and animator to provide more responsive feedback to the user. Also, we use an object-oriented container/component software architecture that guarantees expandability. Finally, we have mediators that isolate the commonality between the interaction of the clients and servers and provide a high degree of interoperability. Animating Geometric Algorithms with Mocha We have implemented a prototype of an animation system for geometric algorithms based on the Mocha model that can be accessed by any user with a WWW browser supporting ,Java (currently Netscape 2.0 and Hot.Java) at [JRL http: l/www. cs. brown. edu/people/j ibl Mocha. html. From the user's viewpoint, interacting with (;S is as simple as Web surfing. Namely, the user interacts with a hypertextual interface written in HTML, which is transferred over the Web to the user's machine to-


In this paper, we propose a method that automatically detects organs having similar appearances in medical images by learning both context and appearance features. Since only the appearance feature is used to learn the classifier in most existing detection methods, detection errors occur when the medical images include multiple organs having similar appearances. In the proposed method, based on the probabilities acquired by the appearance-based classifier, new classifier containing the context feature is created by iteratively learning the characteristics of probability distribution around the interest voxel. Furthermore, both the efficiency and the accuracy are improved through 'region based voting scheme' in test stage. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we detect femur and tibia which have similar appearance from SKI10 knee joint dataset. The proposed method outperformed the detection method only using appearance feature in aspect of overall detection performance.


This article discusses the logical errors in the liar paradox, G\"odel's incompleteness theorems, Russell's paradox, and the halting problem. In order to avoid these errors, a redefinition of logic has been presented, which is concluded as four principles in set-theoretic language, including 1. Don't talk about empty; 2. Elements of set should have identity; 3. Sets should have definitions; and 4. A total set should be defined. The new definition of logic can eliminate all paradoxes and invalid statements, thus becoming a solid foundation for human language and knowledge.


Learning effective continuous control policies in high-dimensional systems, including musculoskeletal agents, remains a significant challenge. Over the course of biological evolution, organisms have developed robust mechanisms for overcoming this complexity to learn highly sophisticated strategies for motor control. What accounts for this robust behavioral flexibility? Modular control via muscle synergies, i.e. coordinated muscle co-contractions, is considered to be one putative mechanism that enables organisms to learn muscle control in a simplified and generalizable action space. Drawing inspiration from this evolved motor control strategy, we use physiologically accurate human hand and leg models as a testbed for determining the extent to which a Synergistic Action Representation (SAR) acquired from simpler tasks facilitates learning more complex tasks. We find in both cases that SAR-exploiting policies significantly outperform end-to-end reinforcement learning. Policies trained with SAR were able to achieve robust locomotion on a wide set of terrains with high sample efficiency, while baseline approaches failed to learn meaningful behaviors. Additionally, policies trained with SAR on a multiobject manipulation task significantly outperformed (>70% success) baseline approaches (<20% success). Both of these SAR-exploiting policies were also found to generalize zero-shot to out-of-domain environmental conditions, while policies that did not adopt SAR failed to generalize. Finally, we establish the generality of SAR on broader high-dimensional control problems using a robotic manipulation task set and a full-body humanoid locomotion task. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation is the first of its kind to present an end-to-end pipeline for discovering synergies and using this representation to learn high-dimensional continuous control across a wide diversity of tasks.


Enlarging the TCP/IP network interface is a development direction of the MCU. The VirgineG2 and RL8019AS are adopted as central chips in the project. The communication of VirgineG2 through TCP/IP network can be accomplished. Firstly, the design theory of hardware circuit is given. Furthermore, the transplantation ofμC/OS -II and LWIP are presented. Ultimately, the driver of RTL8019AS based on VG2 are as well as given .


Genetic algorithms are proposed as a new learning paradigm for combinatorial optimization that models a natural evolution mechanism. The authors attempt to apply genetic algorithms to the vehicle routing problem. As it is easy to generate the same gene while a generation shift goes on, it is feared that a solution will fall into a local minimum. The authors propose a new method that does not permit overlapping of genes. Some experiments are performed on digital road maps. The authors' results show that the genetic algorithms can effectively find optimum solutions.<<ETX>>


Interdental space between anterior teeth is an aesthetic and a phonetic problem. While various treatment options are available, patients often have concerns regarding treatment invasiveness, durati...


Abstract A new approach for improving the durable press properties of wool fabric was investigated. The new technique involves padding with finishing bath containing DMDHEU at pH 2 using different acids, batching for 2 h at room temperature, followed by passing through a neutralizing bath containing triethanolamine (3 g/L) as an acid scavenger, and drying at 120°C/5 min. The results indicate that: i) wool fabric samples finished with the aforementioned technique acquire better durable press properties, higher whiteness index, and higher extent of post-dyeing, regardless of the acid used; ii) of the various acids used, HCl along with its amine salt, constitute a highly efficient catalytic system; iii) increasing DMDHEU concentration up to a certain limit has a positive impact on the dry and wet fabric resiliency, whiteness index, protection properties against moth attack, as well as on the extent of post-dyeing; and iv) the extent of improvement in the aforementioned properties is governed by the type of finishing agent and follows the descending order: Arkofix®NG > Fixapret®Eco, irrespective of the catalytic system used.


The observations of naturalists and explorers have been used as historical sources for determining baseline wildlife conditions from the earliest practice of modern ecology. These sources are rarely critically analyzed, however, and are often incorporated into contemporary scientific literature advocating the conservation and restoration of wildlife. This essay argues that combining approaches from environmental history and recent ecological research will allow for the interrogation of original sources and the application of scientific concepts that questions the assumptions underlying historical baselines.


Ontology-based clustering has gained attention in recent years due to the potential benefits of ontology. Current ontology-based clustering approaches have mainly been applied to reduce the dimensionality of attributes in text document clustering. Reduction in dimensionality of attributes using ontology helps to produce high quality clusters for a dataset. However, ontology-based approaches in clustering numerical datasets have not been gained enough attention. Moreover, some literature mentions that ontology-based clustering can produce either high quality or low-quality clusters from a dataset. Therefore, in this paper we present a clustering approach that is based on domain ontology to reduce the dimensionality of attributes in a numerical dataset using domain ontology and to produce high quality clusters. For every dataset, we produce three datasets using domain ontology. We then cluster these datasets using a genetic algorithm-based clustering technique called GenClust++. The clusters of each dataset are evaluated in terms of Sum of Squared-Error (SSE). We use six numerical datasets to evaluate the performance of our ontology-based approach. The experimental results of our approach indicate that cluster quality gradually improves from lower to the higher levels of a domain ontology.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the distribution of the river beach wetlands and Oncomelania snails in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and explore the countermeasures of snail control.

METHODS
The river beach wetlands outside the Yangtze River levee were investigated and classified according to the hierarchical and classification system of wetlands of China. The snail survey was carried out in the beach wetlands of Runzhou section of lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2004 to 2013. The change trend of snail areas and the densities was analyzed in the wetlands.

RESULTS
The river beach of Runzhou section of lower reaches of the Yangtze River belongs to the riverine wetland. There was Oncomelania snail breeding except the permanent water area. At present, there were natural wetlands of 1303.0 hm2, human-made wetlands of 1479.0 hmb2 and wetland function changes of 1059.0 hm2 in the river beach of Runzhou section. There was the snail area of 181.4 hm2 in the natural wetland in 2013. The area of snail control by the molluscicide and environmental modification was 4624.55 hm2 from 2004 to 2013. The decline rates of snail areas and densities were 66.53% and 77.66% respectively. The existing Oncomelania snails were distributed in the natural wetlands.

CONCLUSION
The human-made wetland is helpful to snail control. The snail control in the river beach wetlands should attach a great importance to the protection of wetland ecology.


Abstract Materials will always determine the performance of any engineering product and the most successful technologies are those for which the right materials have evolved as the technology matures. For example, early aircraft were made from cloth, wood and bicycle parts but then pushed the development of aluminium alloys and later carbon fibre composites. Jet engines were made possible only by the development of the high temperature nimonic alloys. The semiconductor industry needs incredibly pure silicon with carefully calculated additives. Such advances in materials can improve the cost-effectiveness of the original idea by many orders of magnitude. Sadly there has not so far been enough time for such dreams to come true for wave and tidal stream energy, which still need costs down by a factor of two or three. This note lists a number of dreams.


The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate how characteristics of analysts affect their forecast errors. Previous research has found positive serial correlation in forecast errors, which can be attributed to underreaction to new information, especially to bad news. The relationship between an analyst's behavior and that analyst's characteristics is not clear, however, because most previous work was based solely on consensus estimates. By using detailed historical data, I found a stronger serial correlation among the herd-to-consensus analysts (that is, the group with a small average distance between their forecasts and the consensus forecast) than among other analysts. Moreover, average distance to consensus itself has a positive serial correlation, and it may be attributed to an analyst's personality (optimistic or pessimistic). I found strong positive serial correlation in the average distance to consensus among the herd-to-consensus analysts. These results show that herd-to-consensus analysts submit earnings estimates that are not only close to the consensus but are also strongly affected by their personalities. The purpose of the study reported in this article was to investigate how an analyst's characteristics affect the analyst's forecast error. Previous literature found positive serial correlation in forecast errors that can be attributed to underreaction to new information, especially to bad news. What is not clear, because most of the papers are based solely on consensus estimates, is the relationship between an individual analyst's behavior and the analyst's personal characteristics. In contrast to previous research, this study focused on each analyst's forecast error (calculated by averaging the errors for each analyst). I investigated the analyst's relative optimism and likely other influential factors, such as previous track record and reputation with customers. First, I reexamined the issue of serial correlation of forecast errors by using each analyst's forecast error. I found that the correlation coefficient is larger for the groups of analysts who had past forecasts that were relatively optimistic and that the average distance to the consensus forecast is small. These results suggest that analysts who are negatively shocked by actual earnings or who "herd" toward the consensus forecast tend to make forecast errors that are positively correlated with previous forecast errors. Next, I investigated serial correlation in the average distance of an analyst's forecast to the consensus forecast—that is, the analyst's relative optimism. I found that the average distance to consensus itself has positive serial correlation that may be attributed to the analyst's personality (optimistic or pessimistic). Furthermore, I found stronger positive serial correlation for the average distance to consensus among the herd-to-consensus analysts. These results indicate that herd-to-consensus analysts report earnings estimates that are not only near the consensus but also are strongly affected by personal characteristics.


Photofragment angle‐velocity distributions are measured in a molecular beam using a new two‐dimensional imaging technique. We report on the detection of weak perpendicular transitions for CH3I A state photodissociation at 266 and 304 nm. The ratio of cross sections and the 3Q0−1Q crossing probability are σ⊥/σ∥=0.00−0.10 and p=0.22−0.27 at 266 nm and σ⊥/σ∥=0.20−0.30 and p=0.43−0.48 at 304 nm.


This article describes the causal link between aggressive sexual behavior, including pedophile behavior, moral reasoning disorder and orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction (sometimes a tumor located in this area). The criminological analysis is also justified by the studies published by Charles Choi (2002) in New Scientist where the case of a 40-year-old man whose brain tumor suffered from sudden pedophilia and an uncontrollable obsession for sex, as well as the studies published by Giuseppe Sartori (2016) and collaborators explaining the functional disorder of the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region responsible for behavioral inhibitions, emotional comprehension, and moral responsibility. From the legal point of view, the criminal responsibility is analyzed in the situation where the discernment is affected by the physiological determinism. In this sense, brain imaging plays an important role.


Dynamic wireless power transfer can reduce the battery capacity of charged devices. This paper proposes a dynamic capacitive power transfer (CPT) system with a compact receiver structure and a reduced transmitter cost. Compared with the conventional solution, the specially designed coupler can reduce the transmitter copper usage by 50% while still achieving stable output. A series compensation with a compensating inductor is adopted on the transmitter side and there is no compensation on the receiver side to minimize the element count and size, especially on the receiver side. Design procedures of the coupler and the compensation network are provided. The mathematical model of the dynamic CPT system is established. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Anterior urethral valve (AUV) is extremely rare entities. It is an uncommon cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in children and can be difficult to diagnose. The symptoms mimic those of posterior urethral valves. Because of rarity, less common presentations in children and lack of awareness among the pediatrician and pediatric surgeons, it can be easily missed.


In this paper we investigate stability and interaction measures for interconnected systems that have been produced by decomposing a large-scale linear system into a set of lower order subsystems connected in feedback. We begin by analyzing the requirements for asymptotic stability through generalized dissipation inequalities and storage functions. Using this insight we then describe various metrics based on a system's energy dissipation to determine how strongly the subsystems interact with each other. From these metrics a decomposition algorithm is described.


Dizzy is a chemical kinetics simulation software framework. On up gradating this package to simulate the dynamics of complex gene regulatory networks. Using Tauleap simplex and Tauleap complex algorithms, implemented in Java. Procedure have been improved for determining the maximum leap size which accelerates the speed of simulation. This paper focuses mainly on simulating Genetic Regulatory Networks using stochastic methods of simulation and introducing τ to accelerate the speed of simulation.


The double object construction is pervasive in English and Chinese.The differences from the perspective of cognitive pattern and way of thinking lead to English and Chinese result in the similarities and differences of double object construction.English and Chinese double object construction have the same extensive mechanism(metaphor and metonymy),and diverse ways of thinking(perception and rationality) result in their extensive asymmetry.


Introduction: Conflicting evidence exists as to whether measuring cardiac biomarkers can help identify children at risk of developing anthracycline-mediated cardiomyopathy (ACM). The newest generat...


In this paper, a sparse approximation algorithm using eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian is proposed for image denoising, in which the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian of images are incorporated in the sparse model as basis functions. Here, an eigenvector-based sparse approximation problem is presented under a set of residual error constraints. The corresponding relaxed iterative solution is also provided to efficiently solve such problem in the framework of the double sparsity model. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better performance than some state-of-art denoising methods, especially measured with the SSIM index.


Summary Bell pepper 'Fiesta' (Capsicum annuum L.) was grown in a novel dynamic climate concept called 'IntelliGrow' together with a number of potted plants aiming to save energy under low light conditions and to optimise photosynthesis (and thereby carbon gain that can be used for growth) under high light conditions. The dynamic climates utilize the plants ability to increase the photosynthesis and productivity under adequate light conditions by allowing temperature to increase while supplying the plants with extra CO 2 . Energy is saved by allowing the temperature to decrease to lower levels than usual at low light conditions, when the temperature response curve of photosynthesis is very flat. Both temperature and CO 2 is determined by the light level (light dependent temperature and CO2 increase in the climate computer). It is possible to reduce the energy use needed for bell pepper growing by up to 21 % in this experiment depending on climate control strategy. Temperatures below 17 °C results in reduced fruit quality in terms of size and quality and increased risk of grey mould and also a delay in the harvest start. On the other hand the total number of fruits was not affected in a similar way. The standard climate 21/19 day/night with 600 ppm CO 2 in light and the dynamic climate using 80 % photosynthesis and a minimum temperature set point of 17 °C, especially in combination with short peaks of higher night temperature gave the same or better harvest and approximately the same quality. The fruits in the warmest climate, however, had a slightly lower dry matter-%. There were limited damages (spots, sun burns) due to the relatively higher temperatures during the day even thought the air temperature was allowed to rise to 30 °C during the days. The increased CO 2 level might have alleviated some of the potential damages due to high fruit temperatures. The major problem was remains of the flowers on the fruits, which created an entry point for grey mould. The post harvest quality of the fruits was therefore poorer in the dynamic climates due to infection with Botrytis primarily through the flowers and secondarily through the fruit stem. A modified energy saving strategy therefore requires a change in harvest procedure to remove flower remains.


This paper presents an approach for helping users more quickly discover relevant information resources in a tag based system, where each resource is associated with a number of descriptive meta-data tags. Our approach builds an adaptive conversational decision-tree structure to minimize the number of interactive cues required to help a user navigate to resources of interest. Initial experiments demonstrate the potential of the approach, with shallower decision trees supporting better overall interaction performance.


Private higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines have been in turmoil due to three major occurrences: the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act of 2017, and the Coronavirus Disease. These contributed to the abating tertiary enrolment. One scheme for enduring the ordeal is the application of budgetary cuts. Competing in a scarcer market with financial constraints is an arduous task for marketing. The paper aimed to identify the most effective platform blend among numerous communication platforms employed in the industry by recognising the importance of integrated marketing communications (IMC) and maximising HEIs' return on marketing investments. About 380 students, parents, and administrators from five private HEIs in the National Capital Region offering Senior High School programs participated as survey respondents or interviewees. The paper utilised mixed methods, various statistical tools, and variance analyses. Among the twenty marketing communication platforms, the most efficient (efficiency rating>3.736) are referrals/word-of-mouth marketing, free entrance examination, website, scholarships/discounts, and social media. In contrast, in the lower quartile (efficiency rating<3.262) are billboards, television/radio/print ads, souvenir items, sending direct messages to prospective students, and newspaper articles. To some extent, the HEIs implementation level of the various platforms is aligned with communication platforms' efficiency ratings. Further, the study ascertained differences in the preference and reached ratings according to respondents' profiles. Finally, an Efficient, Coherent, and Dynamic (ECD)-IMC model was crafted to help HEI administrators/marketers improve their enrolment with the least possible costs and to provide reference to future researchers.


A direct-braid fiberglass cloth insulation has been developed and evaluated for use on Rutherford cable. The fabric is directly woven onto the cable, using fine-filament yarn sized with a silane mixture. The total thickness of the cloth on each face of the cable is ~55 microns. The sizing is compatible with subsequent reaction heat treat without decomposition, and provides improved wetting and adhesion in the final epoxy impregnation. Ten-stack assemblies of cable segments have been processed through typical coil heat treatment and impregnation and tested for high-voltage insulation and yield strength under mechanical shear.


The new-type intelligent material of magneto-rheological fl uid combined with the differential gear train and the planetary gear train was applied to soft start-up of the belt conveyor. In addition, the layout of the drive system was offered, and 3D virtual model of the gear train was built according to the load characteristic curve and start-up curve of the belt conveyor. Finally, ADAMS was used to conduct the dynamic and kinematic simulation, and then the optimal rotary speed and torque of the magnetorheological control device were obtained.


The invention discloses a technology for separating an ethyl alcohol-water system by means of extractive distillation and flash coupling. The technology comprises the steps that ionic liquid is adopted as an extracting agent, the relative volatility of ethyl alcohol for water can be improved, and the separating efficiency can be improved to obtain an ethyl alcohol product, wherein the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. The adopted ionic liquid extracting agent can improve the relative volatility of ethyl alcohol in the ethyl alcohol-water system, and the solvent ratio is decreased. The ethyl alcohol with the purity larger than 99.9% is obtained. According to the technological process for separating ethyl alcohol-water by means of extractive distillation and flash coupling, the stable and continuous ionic liquid can be recycled.


Advanced process control (APC) have been implemented on a fluid coking unit at Star Enterprise's Delaware City (USA) plant. The scope of APC implementation encompassed the entire unit. Most unique are the strategies around the reactor, burner and scrubber, fractionator and gas plant


up with different ideas established during their training, the relationship ofmutual professional respect will flourish and the "god" syndrome suggested by Dr Bourne will be history. The social work role played by the physiotherapists taking part in Dr Bourne's trial is usually undertaken by occupational therapists. These therapists have not "stumbled into the role," but are highly trained and experienced in this field. They are, of course, more effective if they work in close co-operation with other members of the rehabilitation team. While Dr Bourne has done the profession a small favour in again highlighting some of our problems, he has been biased and ignored the steady general improvement in the profession's usefulness and image. As a male physiotherapist to a doctor, I feel no reluctance in telling Dr Bourne that many of his deductions are highly questionable and have little or no scientific basis. JOHN LANGRIDGE


In order to study the influence of lanthanum ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of zirconium, specimens were implanted by lanthanum ions with a dose range from 1×10~(16) to 1×10~(17)cm-2, using MAVVA source at an extracted voltage of 40 kV. The valence of the surface layer was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) . Three-sweep potentiodynamic polarization measurement was employed to evaluate the aqueous corrosion behavior of zirconium in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. It was noted that a significant improvement was achieved in the aqueous corrosion resistance of zirconium implanted with lanthanum ions. The mechanism of the corrosion resistance improvement of the lanthanum-implanted zirconium was also discussed in this paper.


Human labeling of training data is often a time-consuming, expensive part of machine learning. In this paper, we study "batch labeling", an AI-assisted UX paradigm, that aids data labelers by allowing a single labeling action to apply to multiple records. We ran a large scale study on Mechanical Turk with 156 participants to investigate labeler-AI-batching system interaction. We investigate the efficacy of the system when compared to a single-item labeling interface (i.e., labeling one record at-a-time), and evaluate the impact of batch labeling on accuracy and time. We further investigate the impact of AI algorithm quality and its effects on the labelers' overreliance, as well as potential mechanisms for mitigating it. Our work offers implications for the design of batch labeling systems and for work practices focusing on labeler-AI-batching system interaction.


A laboratory test is carried out to study the relationship between the clarity of Mandarin monosyllable and STI-PA caused only by reverberation.The function relationship between STI-PA and clarity is derived from the test result.The test also reveals that the affection of reverberation on the Mandarin monosyllable is quite different from the one on the other language.


The GDP per capita and household consumption increased fourfold between 1990 and 2005, and life satisfaction levels plummeted. Also, in 2019, China's Engel's Coefficient was 28.2% indicating that China has achieved the "wealthy" level in living standards. However, in the same year, China only ranked 86 out of 156 countries on the UN World Happiness Report placing below Russia and even war-torn Libya. Therefore, this paper will include problems that occurred in the housing, healthcare, and education industry with the analysis of corresponding government policies in raising the residents' well-being and welfare. The solutions proposed by the government in the three industries have been implemented and have effectively alleviated the problem. However, in some cases, the happiness of residents has not been improved. Therefore, if we want to improve the residents' happiness index, we need to coordinate in many ways to solve the problem fundamentally.


This definition introduced the term to the geological community and captured the essential nature of regolith, that it formed the cover to bedrock. The term was used sporadically until the 1960s but gained currency with the development of astrogeology. The space program, both robotic and crewed, revealed the presence of fragmental materials mantling the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, and the asteroids. "Regolith" was a generic term tailor-made for this material, and subsequently reapplied with increasing frequency to terrestrial situations. Australia has been at the forefront of terrestrial regolith studies, with probably more papers published about the regolith concept (as distinct to papers on elements of the regolith such as landforms or surficial materials) on this continent than on any other. Consequently it is not surprising more recent definitions have had an Australian context. Eggleton (2001) described (at length) regolith as: "The entire unconsolidated or secondarily recemented cover that overlies more coherent bedrock, that has been formed by weathering, erosion, transport, and/or deposition of the older material. The regolith thus includes fractured and weathered basement rocks, saprolites, soils, organic accumulations, volcanic material, glacial deposits, soils, organic accumulations, volcanic material, glacial deposits, colluvium, alluvium, evaporitic sediments, aeolian deposits, and groundwater." This new definition included secondarily cemented material, for example duricrusts, as regolith, along with organic accumulations and groundwater. This was a major advance, although not universally accepted. Many geologists unfamiliar with regolith still have problems with indurated material being regolith, even though silcrete is clearly a product of regolith processes, while being one of the most tenacious rocks known.


Mini tractor (18 hp) operated single row vegetable transplanter was developed for Tomato and Brinjal crop transplanting. A simple rotating magazine type metering system was attached to the transplanter. The performance evaluation was done in was 20× 10 m at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 km/h. But at low speed i.e 1.0 km/h the results were in acceptable range. The main parameters of the developed transplanter were planting angle and missing percentage. Planting angle was 3.02 and 2.45o, similarly missing percentage was 9.5 and 8.78 % for Tomato and Brinjal respectively. The field-capacity and transplanting-efficiency were obtained 0.05 ha h and 83.3% respectively. Breakeven area obtained as 0.42 ha and payback period was 44.71 h.


Os acromiale is the rare shoulder disease and its treatment is controversial. Despite conservative treat-ments for 6 months include medication, exercise, physical therapy and subacromial steroid injections,operative treatment for uncontrolled symptomatic Os acromiale is considered the treatment of choice.Operative treatment includes excision, arthroscopic or open reduction and internal fixation with a bonegraft. Open reduction with tension band wiring and a bone graft is now the preferred treatment.We experienced 8 patients with symptomatic Os acromiale from March, 2001 to March, 2006. The aver-age patient's age was 45 years and the man and women ratio were 2: 6. All 8 cases of symptomatic Osacromiale of the mesoacromion were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using tension-bandwiring. The preoperative ASES(47.3 ±24.4) and UCLA (16.65.8)scores were improved to 88.87.3 and 31.5±1.9,respectively, at the 2 year follow up. The overall UCLA score showed 1 excellent result and 7 good results. Wethink that symptomatic Os acromiale is a specific disease entity, and open reduction and internal fixation usingtension-band wiring with K-wire is a good treatment modality.


After the arsenic-alkali residue produced in antimony smelting handled by leaching,absorption of alkaline solution containing arsenic with emissions of sulfur dioxide,sodium sulfide and other sulfide solvent for removing arsenic,and with ferric sulfate for the depth of the removal of arsenic,purification and concentration and drying process,the intractable arsenic-alkali residue and low content sulfur dioxide emissions are thoroughly treated.In the whole treatment process,recycling rate of antimony is 99%,open circulation rate of arsenic is over 90%,sulfur dioxide by absorbing is more than 95% which makes the gas for emission reach the standard,and alkali transforms into Sodium Sulfite.Waste in antimony smelting reaches comprehensive treatment,and it is a clean process.


Objective To describe public hospitalization behavior changes after media reporting the hand foot and mouth diseases,to analyze positive and negative effects of media involvement,and to explore scientific,economic and realistic prevention and control measures.Methods The data of hand foot and mouth disease from the National Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System(only take Daxing District in Beijing as example) and the relevant online-based media reports were analyzed,and the survey through telephone was conducted among hospital visitors with systematic sampling.Results Hospital visitors were increased significantly due to media reports.The extents of increase of different groups were diversified.The average time interval between getting illness and hospital visiting was shortened.The levels of hospitals chosen by parents of sick children were upgraded.Patients tended to visit grade 3 hospitals with increase of repeat visiting.The participants visiting in special infectious disease hospitals were much more.Compared to those in 2007,the numbers were also significantly increased in 2008 respectively about knowledge before doctor visiting,parent's proactivity,hospital visiting recommendation from kindergarten physicians,number of hospital visitors led by media reports,and public panic.Conclusion The negative effects on public hospitalization behavior changes led by media reports,such as over-utilization of healthcare resource,increase of across-infection and public panic,were higher than the positive effects.


High-speed digital systems require differential lines for chip-to-chip links. A common concern in differential lines is the presence of common-mode noise, which is a major contributor to signal integrity problems in high-speed digital systems. Common-mode noise is typically excited by skew. It can occur due to timing mismatches at the driver, length mismatches due to routing constraints, or phase velocity mismatches due to inhomogeneous dielectrics with fiber-weave effect. Common-mode noise results in increased crosstalk and electromagnetic interference on packages and boards. This paper presents a methodology based on varying the common-mode impedance of a differential line, while keeping the differential-mode constant. The variation in impedance results in a filter response solely for the common-mode signals, improving the noise immunity of the differential pair. This design is applied on stripline-type differential lines and the performance is enhanced by adjusting the ground via pitch to create resonant planes with a high-impedance current return path for common-mode signals.


Ficus carica var. domestica Tsch. & Rav. (common fig) is widely grown in Turkey and exported for its edible fruits. In this study, the n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, n-butanol, and water extracts of the leaves of F. carica var. domestica were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Cholinesterase inhibition against acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was measured by the spectrophotometric method of Ellman at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL., while antioxidant activity was tested using three in vitro methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that the n-hexane and acetone extracts exerted a notable inhibition against both AChE (62.9±0.9% and 50.8±2.1%, respectively) and BChE (76.9±2.2% and 45.6±1.3%, respectively). However, they had low activity in the antioxidant tests. The chloroform extract was found to be the richest in total flavonoid content (252.5±1.1 mg/g quercetin equivalent), while the n-butanol extract had the highest total phenol amount (85.9±3.2 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent).


We read with interest the article by Sancetta et al1 in the June 2019 issue reporting their experience with shoulder shrug maneuver to attempt to resolve shoulder dystocia. The authors can be congratulated for their innovative approach to shoulder dystocia resulting in its successful resolution. We have two questions and a comment. First, it appears that the authors used a shrug maneuver after McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure failed to resolve shoulder dystocia. Did the authors use the wellknown corkscrew maneuver before applying the new technique? Secondly, it is unclear from the study whether the shrug maneuver was ever used before. In most cases of shoulder dystocia, time is of the essence. However, severe shoulder dystocia may become a perilous complication for the fetus, causing severe asphyxia. Hope et al2 reviewed autopsy results from 56 cases of fatal shoulder dystocia. Maternal obesity and large fetuses were overrepresented in labors complicated by fatal shoulder dystocia. Fetal distress was recorded in 26% of cases.2 We encountered a case of severe shoulder dystocia in which significant maternal soft tissue and fetal neck edema ruled out the Zavanelli maneuver. At that point, the decision was made to perform fetal intubation to allow more time for the resolution of shoulder dystocia while maintaining fetal oxygenation.3 Intubation of the fetus before severing the umbilical cord has been reported previously and named the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure.3 The EXIT procedure offers the advantage of ensuring uteroplacental gas exchange while on placental support.4 The procedure is now used for a variety of entities, including teratomas and laryngeal atresia, among others.5 The EXIT procedure is based on a multidisciplinary approach, attempting to maintain airway patency after delivery. It uses nasotracheal intubation, laryngeal mask, or tracheostomy while uteroplacental circulation is maintained. In this way, asphyxia due to tumor-compressive effect can be avoided and time can be gained to treat the obstruction. The EXIT procedure allows a 45–60-minute working time to ensure control of the neonatal airway while the fetus has uteroplacental perfusion.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Background ....................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Review of solar cells with different active materials ................................................ 3 2.1.1 Inorganic solar cell ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.2 Organic solar cell ................................................................................................ 4 2.1.3 Hybrid Cell ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Organic Solar Cell Characterization ......................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Short Circuit Current Isc .................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Open circuit voltage ......................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Fill factor .......................................................................................................... 12 vii 2.3 BHJ solar cell .......................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Development of organic materials for BHJ solar cell ............................................. 17 2.4.1 Polymers as donor ............................................................................................ 17 2.4.2 Small molecules as acceptor ............................................................................. 22 2.4.3 Polymer acceptor .............................................................................................. 24 2.4.4 Small molecule donors ..................................................................................... 26 2.5 Design principles for fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cell ................................ 29 2.5.1 Ultimate efficiency ........................................................................................... 29 2.5.2 Energy level and bandgap ................................................................................ 30 2.5.3 Donor Acceptor Approach ............................................................................... 31 2.5.4 Side Chain Approach ........................................................................................ 32 Chapter 3 Experimental Section ....................................................................................... 33 3.1 Synthesis of [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-g]Quinoxaline (TQ) based donor-acceptordonor molecules ............................................................................................................ 33 3.1.2 Synthesis of 4,7-dibromo-5,6-dinitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole(2) ................ 36 3.1.2 Synthesis of 5,6-dinitro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (3) . 36 3.1.3 Synthesis of 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-5,6-diamine (4) 37 3.1.4 Synthesis of 6,7-diphenyl-4,9-di(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4g]quinoxaline (5) ....................................................................................................... 38


Nowadays Italian news system is experiencing a period of radical crisis, that it's defined by several observers as a "credibility crisis": people don't seem to trust in traditional news media and prefer to look elsewhere for the sources of their information (blog, social network, etc.); journalists don't always perceive the lack of public trust, and sometimes they tend to be locked in their own self.
The research investigates the problem of credibility (related to mainstream media and digital media) distinguishing between news credibility and the journalist's credibility. Method, language, training and responsibility are the main tools that the news system can use to recover people's trust and its credibility.


The Municipal GAD Pedro Carbo has sought to implement a software solution that allows you to make a proper administration of applications and tasks that will be attended by Equipos Camineros. Using this new software tool will allow greater control and performance in their activities. It is necessary to raise the use of a system that allows for the proper management and control of daily activities to be met by Equipos Camineros, this fits existing computing resources. For the development of this project has raised a quick methodology to be functional advances in short space of time, this is achieved various iterations, at the end of each iteration respective functionality testing is performed. After the last iteration we will have a fully functional system. Within the approach of the solution, the facilities may have to develop a web system versus a traditional desktop system is presented. By using this type of system allows you to have better access and requirements of hardware and software requirements are less and less. Because the technology is advancing and every time users access from different devices, it is considered that the design of this system possesses the adaptive features known as "Responsive Design". a web system adaptable modules that allows to manage the care of tasks and requests Equipos Camineros organized manner allowing to establish a schedule of activities is implemented.


The blood velocity can be estimated by cross-correlation of received RF signals, but only the velocity component along the beam direction is found. A previous paper showed that the complete velocity vector can be estimated, if received signals are focused along lines parallel to the direction of the flow. Here a weakly focused transmit field was used along with a simple delay-sum beamformer. A modified method for performing the focusing by employing a special calculation of the delays is introduced, so that a focused emission can be used. The velocity estimation was studied through extensive simulations with Field II. A 64-elements, 5 MHz linear array was used. A parabolic velocity profile with a peak velocity of 0.5 m/s was considered for different angles between the flow and the ultrasound beam and for different emit foci. At 60 degrees the relative standard deviation was 0.58% for a transmit focus at 40 mm. For 90 degrees the new approach gave a relative standard deviation of 8.3% with a focus at 40 mm and 8.0% at a transmit focus of 150 mm. Pulsatile flow in the femoral artery was also simulated. A purely transverse flow profile could be obtained with a relative standard deviation of less than 10% over the whole cardiac cycle, which is sufficient to show clinically relevant transverse color flow images.


In recent two years,the shortage of peasant-workers in certain areas in Zhejiang has taken place,which reflects a major change in China.Based on the investigation and the analysis of data collected in Zhejiang,the paper tries to explore the causes and solutions.


Abstract 2003 was the hundredth anniversary of Theodor W. Adorno's birth. In Germany – and elsewhere – there was clearly a desire to show that critical theory was still alive. Although this article affirms the return to one of the classics of critical theory, it criticises the hagiographic ways in which this was done. If one of the most important challenges facing 'global modernity' is our ability to connect to the 'concrete other', Adorno's critical theory is insufficient, and needs to be complemented by other intellectual articulations. This article proposes a comparison between Octavio Paz and Adorno. Both men located their intellectual commitment in a critique of modernity. But, so runs the argument here, Paz knew much better than Adorno that a critique of modernity needs to take into account the multiplicity of modern cultures.


This collection of essays excellently complements the numerous literary and textual studies of Shakespeare's plays. Shakespeare's audience responds not just with the ears but the eyes as well. The playwright's glorious language is complemented, enhanced, indeed dependent, on the visual and nonverbal dimensions of a production.


Simple Summary Early attachments to human carers may have long lasting impacts on a seeing eye dog's working life. Using a self-report questionnaire, we found that puppy carers demonstrated more avoidant styles of attachment towards the dogs in their care as compared to dog owners. Carers also predominately appeared to be driven to the puppy caring role by more pro-social motivations that do not relate to the dog itself. Carers' reluctance to form close relationships with the puppies in their care may impact subsequent bond formation with other humans, as well as their working performance and wellbeing. Abstract Important physiological, performance, and relationship differences have been reported between companion and working dogs. This study aimed to investigate how human attachment styles manifest towards dogs, depending on the dog's role. Seeing Eye Dog (SED) carer (n = 25) and Companion Dog Owner (CDO) (n = 78) avoidant and anxious attachment scores towards the dog in their care were compared. Feelings and motivations about being a SED carer or CDO were also investigated qualitatively. Significant differences were observed between pet avoidance, with avoidance scores significantly predicting SED carer group membership. Qualitative insights revealed more human prosocial motivations for becoming a SED carer, and more dog-related motivations for becoming a CDO, with CDOs more likely to consider their dog a 'significant other'. This study corroborates findings supporting differences in human–dog relationships for working versus companion dogs. The potential impacts of human–dog attachment should be considered for SED success.


It is an open question whether tight closure commutes with localization in quotients of a polynomial ring in finitely many variables over a field. Katzman [Katzman 98] showed that tight closure of ideals in these rings commutes with localization at one element, if for all ideals I and J in a polynomial ring there is a linear upper bound in q on the degree in the least variable of reduced Grobner bases in reverse lexicographic ordering of the ideals of the form J + I [q]. Katzman conjectured that this property would always be satisfied. In this paper we prove several cases of Katzman's conjecture. We also provide an experimental analysis (with proofs) of asymptotic properties of Grobner bases connected with Katzman's conjectures.


Based on the former research on corrosion and expansion for normal concrete,the factors and machanism of corrosion of the reinforcing bar in fly ash concrete are analyzed here,and the amount of corrosion to crack the cover of fly ash concrete is also referred to,which are investigated by an accelerated corrosion test.The results indicate that the different cover thickness and reinforcing distance are the important influencing parameters on the shapes of cover cracking.


The invention relates to a method for mounting a prefabricated concrete part to a building part and a mounting support system for implementing the method. The method envisages to install connecting elements with a respective coupling piece in the precast and recording equipment at the construction site in the building part prior to subsequently mount the prefabricated element by coupling of the connection elements with the correspondingly shaped receiving devices. The connecting element and this externally trained Cradle define assembly support system of the present invention.


PMC cytokinesis in Laurelia novae-zelandiae is of a type apparently unique in the literature. Remnants of telophase I spindle fibres persist in reduced form during meiosis II and near the end of this division two phragmoplasts, linking 'cousin' nuclei, are formed in the region of the telophase I spindle fibres. It is not clear whether or not these secondary spindle fibres are the result of intensification and extension of the telophase I spindle remnants. Cytokinesis occurs by cell plate formation and the heterotypic cell plate is completed shortly before the homeotypic ones have completed their centrifugal growth. Variants of the two apparent basic types of cytokinesis are summarized and the question as to which is the more primitive in angiosperms is discussed.


This developmental research concerning student's worksheets or Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) 'Kikimashou' was conducted on case of students' passivity in class, in which the electronic materials were given previously. Students' difficulties included the lack of vocabulary and contents knowledge of the material which have fast intonation of speech that reduced the students' motivation in learning activities. In addition, the focus of the students was occasionally interrupted during the listening practices, either in class or while self-study at home. Therefore, an LKM is needed to assist the students in gathering the small information from the material. In return, it is expected that it indirectly will help them to study independently at home. The LKM was developed from the book 'Mainichi no Kikitori 50 Nichi Jo' and 'Mainichi no Kikitori 50 Nichi Ge'. Of the 50 themes, only 10 themes were taken and developed. This research and development was conducted at level 1 (low level of R & D level) with the focus on doing research without making and testing the actual product in real life situations. The output of this study is the draft of LKM 'Kikimashou' validated only internally, and is not going into production or validated externally. Nevertheless, a small-scale test with only 2 themes was undertaken for this project. Keywords—student Worksheets


Strong correlation station is a brand-new idea of station,and when to define a strong correlation station has significant influence on schematic design for the station.So it is necessary to pay a special attention to it and define it in the stage of design as soon as possible.Through illustrating some issues such as the definition of strong correlation station,the best time that a strong correlation station can be defined and the basic classification,also in combination with the design example of strong correlation station in which the correlation features had been hidden,this paper introduces the key pints about how to define a strong correlation station,and suggests the inherent correlation features in a strong correlation station and the external entry point to distinguish it.


Indian economic planners dream that one day India will become a manufacturing hub for the world and that manufacturing will drive broad-based development, as it did in East Asia. So it is no surprise that the government has again concocted a new Manufacturing Policy. The 2011-12 version aims to raise the sector's GDP contribution from 15 per cent, where it has lingered for decades, to 25 per cent. Unfortunately, the characteristics of India's labour force, complex regulation and the lack of political will are likely to prevent this goal from being realised.


Abstract Background Drug combinations are the standard of care in cancer treatment. Identifying effective cancer drug combinations has become more challenging because of the increasing number of drugs. However, a substantial number of cancer drugs stumble at Phase III clinical trials despite exhibiting favourable efficacy in the earlier Phase. Methods We analysed recent Phase II cancer trials comprising 2,165 response rates to uncover trends in cancer therapies and used a null model of non-interacting agents to infer synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations. We compared our latest efficacy dataset with a previous dataset to assess the progress of cancer therapy. Results We demonstrate that targeted therapies should be used in combination with cytotoxic drugs to reach high response rates. We identify 4 synergistic and 10 antagonistic combinations based on the observed and expected response rates. We also demonstrate that recent targeted agents have not significantly increased the response rates. Conclusions We conclude either we are not making progress or response rate measured by tumour shrinkage is not a reliable surrogate endpoint for the targeted agents.


Different materials,different ways of rooting cuttings law,growth dynamics of Poot growth of shoot cuttins in wild vegetables was studied study.The results showed:rooting cuttings volume was increased with the extension of shoot cutting time.which the main stem cuttings rooting side more than the number of stems,roots earlier in the side of the stem.According to the cuttings in the process of growth of plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,the largest leaf area(the largest leaf length * width) of the observed changes may be cuttings grow into fast growing,slow growth period of stability and growth period.Cutting different materials affect plant growth dynamics,and the main stem easily survived vigor,stem side of the main stem was significantly better;Cutting the different methods of plant growth dynamics also play a role,vertical cutting and buried all the cuttings grow significantly change.


The relations among the process, microstructure, and nanomechanical properties of cosputtered Ta–Si–N thin films have been investigated. The microstructure evolution and varied hardness and elastic modulus property of Ta–Si–N were influenced by nitrogen flow ratios [FN_2% = FN_2/(Far + FN_2) × 100%] during cosputtering together with phase formation and the composition of films. The microstructure of Ta–Si–N formed at a low 2–10 FN_2% was an amorphous-like phase with nanocrystalline grains embedded in an amorphous matrix, while polycrystalline Ta–Si–N was obtained at a high 20–30 FN_2%. The cubic TaN phase or (Ta_1– x ,Si_x)N solid solution is much easier to form polycrystallites than noncubic Ta_5Si_3, Ta_2Si, and Ta_2N phases from grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry results. Amorphous-like Ta–Si–N films had much higher nanohardness, stiffness, elastic recovery percentage, and a closer boundary compared to polycrystalline films. A maximum nanohardness of 15.2 GPa was obtained at 3 FN_2%. An increased hardness of polycrystalline films at 20–30 FN_2% is attributed to the higher amount of the hard TaN phase.


Abstract : Kwan Sing Bio temple is one of the largest place of worship in the city of Semarang. Any information  that you want to search about Kwan Sing Bio  Temple in Semarang only  by  phone  or  speech   community.   This  makes  the introduction of Kwan  Sing Bio   temple in Semarang. The research  problem  is ordering candles in temple Kwan Sing Bio Semarang are still in a certain range. Th is study aims to extend the reservation  candles on Kwan Sing Bio temple in Semarang, so  the people who want to put a light or candle in the temple of Kwan Sing Bio Semarang can do it online.  Analytical tools used are DFD (Data  Flow   Diagram)  and  ERD.  The  software  used  is Dreamweaver MX. Analysis and design results are expected to  help and  provide  convenience  for  customers  ordering  candles. And simplify the management of candle orders. Candle booking website is intended as a form offers convenience  for  customers.  With  the  online  booking  these customers no longer need to ask the details of each product and to place an order candle wax easily. Keywords Reservations, candles, KwanSingBio Temple


This article studies the effect of birth order and low household economic resources on school attendance and labor market participation among the population of minors in Mexico. Drawing on data from the Child Labor Center, this work estimates a series of multivariate probit models with different specifications, aiming to minimize problems related to the endogeneity of the sample. The analysis reveals that first-born children are less likely to attend school and more likely to participate in the labor market than their siblings. This relationship is stronger in families where child labor is a response to a lack of economic resources, which suggests that it is the result of the greater income-earning capacity of first-born children.


With the rapid development of communication technology and the increasingly perfect Space-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN) architecture, the types of transmission tasks are increasing, and the network performance requirements are vastly different. This requires the STIN to quickly identify different mission types and further provide corresponding service standards. However, the direct transfer of traditional service recognition methods to task recognition ignores the exceptional transmission environment of the STIN, resulting in low recognition efficiency and high computational overhead. This paper introduces the environmental feature items as an auxiliary based on the convolutional recurrent neural network. It combines the service type and quantity to design a multi-layer CNN-LSTM task recognition algorithm. The simulation results show that the task recognition algorithm that introduces environmental feature items has a better accuracy rate. The precision and recall rates are further improved compared to the traditional recognition algorithm.


Learning during a pandemic make teachers have to change learning that is usually carried out face-to-face into online learning that is still fun for students. Learning media during online learning will help teachers deliver learning material more creatively to become more enjoyable, and students easily understand the learning material. This study aims to develop e-comic learning media on the topic of the human digestive system. This research is a type of development research using the ADDIE model. However, this study's implementation and evaluation stages cannot be carried out due to the COVID-19 pandemic, limited time, resources, and costs. Thus, in this study, only the analysis, design, and development stages were carried out. The subjects in this study were two media experts, two material experts, and two practitioners. The data collected in this study used a questionnaire method by analyzing the e-comic learning media. The data from the validation results from the experts were then analyzed using the mean formula to find out the average validity score of e-comic learning media on the topic of the human digestive system. The analysis results show that the average validation score of e-comic learning media on the topic of the human digestive system is 4.65 with very good qualifications, and material validation is 4.57 with very good qualifications. So, e-comic learning media on the topic of the human digestive system are declared valid and have very good qualifications.


NDIS is the specification for net device interface on Windows platform. IP over DVB is the key technology for transporting IP datagrams over DVB network. The NDIS-based design and implementation of IPv6 over DVB-S receiving gateway are described, which supports both IPv4/IPv6 protocols and MPE/ULE encapsulation. An application scenario in distance education is given.


Soil management systems and fertilization types make differentiated amounts of mineral elements in the soil profile available. The objective of this study was to verify alterations in chemical attributes of a Red Latosol (Typic Haplustox) of Brazilian Savannah under organic and mineral fertilization, vegetation cover in no tillage and conventional tillage systems, and with bean and cotton crops. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with split-plots. Two treatments of soil preparation (no tillage and conventional tillage) were installed in the plots. Six treatments of fertilization were installed in the subplots: chicken manure fertilizer, chicken manure fertilizer + half of the recommended mineral fertilization, mineral fertilizations, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum americanum and control. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m for the evaluation of P, M.O., pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H + Al, Al3+ SB, CTCe and V. The organic fertilizer only or associated with mineral fertilizer were the best treatments. The cover plants performed similarly regarding the recovery of chemical attributes. The distribution of mineral nutrients in the surface layer (0.00-0.20 m) was similar for no tillage and conventional tillage.


THE effect of adrenaline upon the isolated uterus of the guinea-pig is considered by most authors [Sugimoto, 1913; Gunn & Gunn, 1914; and many others subsequently] to be inhibition and relaxation whether the animal is pregnant or not. Another view which has been put forward is that the action of adrenaline on the guinea-pig uterus is reversed, that is, changed from inhibition to contraction, during oestrus [Kochmann & Seel, 1929], oestrus and late pregnancy [Heller & Holtz, 1932], oestrus, early and late pregnancy, but not mid-pregnancy [Holtz & Wollpert, 1937]. Such results are not in agreement with those of the majority of investigators, and, indeed, the tracings published by these authors do not present clear-cut evidenc'e of uterine contractions in response to adrenaline. A number of authors have described a reversal of the action of adrenaline upon the guinea-pig uterus after subjecting the uterus to various procedures of a nature designed to increase the irritability of the uterine muscle. Cow [1919] and McSwiney & Brown [1926] produced adrenaline reversal by treating the uterus with posterior pituitary extract, but this effect could not be obtained by Athias [1921] or Holtz and Wollpert [1937]. McSwiney & Brown also produced reversal by leaving the uterus for 1 hr. in cold Ringer-Locke solution. Many authors have kept uteri at room temperature or in the ice-chest for much longer periods without noticing this change (for instance, Gunn & Gunn [1914]). Tate & Clarke [1922] found adrenaline reversal after exposure of the guinea-pig uterus to ergot; this result has not been confirmed.


The utility model relates to a pipe connecting accessory, in particular to a rush repair connector for steel and plastic changeover. The rush repair connector for steel and plastic changeover is applied to fluid delivery pipelines for fuel gas, liquid and the like and is installed at the position where a plastic pipeline is connected with a metal pipeline. The rush repair connector for steel and plastic changeover is characterized in that the connector is composed of two steel hoops, the hoops are semi-cylindrical, edges are arranged on the two sides of each hoop, screw holes are formed in the edges, flexible pads are arranged below the edges, the two sides of the interior of the semicylinder of each hoop are both provided with an arc-shaped sealing ring, and grooves are formed in the bottoms of the sealing rings. The connector can meet the requirement for rapid rush repair of fluid pipelines, and supply of the pipelines does not need to be stopped temporarily during rush repair; due to the fact that valves and test paper are arranged, the gas leakage condition can be detected conveniently after the connector is additionally arranged; the connector is simple in structure, convenient to use and worthy of popularization.


is therefore difficult to quantify the response to therapy only from one of the many functional and various anatomical parameters. However, as Dr. Kaya points out, the fluctuation speed reflects on the degree of exudative activity and may therefore be used to guide retreatment decisions. To address the heterogeneity of treatment responses and increase the cost-effectiveness of anti-VEGF treatment, a number of flexible dosing strategies are increasingly being used in clinical practice. Of these flexible treatment strategies, the treat-and-extend regimen is based on time to recurrence, and therefore the optimal dosing intervals reflect the degree of fluctuation speed. Data from ongoing randomized controlled trials using a treat-and-extend apDear Editor We thank Dr. Kaya for his interest in our article and his observations regarding fluctuation speed in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration under treatment with anti-VEGF agents [1] . The primary purpose of our study was to describe fluid fluctuations using a fixed, bimonthly regimen with intravitreal aflibercept injections. Despite significant overall best-corrected visual acuity gain, we observed marked fluctuations in intraretinal and subretinal fluid as well as serous pigment epithelial detachment in many patients using a bimonthly treatment interval [2] . From clinical experience and from data of the pivotal randomized controlled trials we know that patient responses to antiVEGF therapy are remarkably varied, and it Received: March 30, 2016 Accepted: March 30, 2016 Published online: April 21, 2016


Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome caused by Subacute Clavicle Osteomyelitis A rare case of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome caused by subacute osteomyelitis (SOM) of clavicle is presented. It was treated by clavicle resection, I rib resection and scalenectomy followed by reconstruction of the clavicle by 6th rib vascularised bone transfer based on serratus anterior muscle as a rotational flap.


Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (DCAN) has been found to be a precursor for Sudden Cardiac Death and several other serious heart diseases. The changes which occur in the frequency domain parameters of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal, extracted during the normal, relaxed state and during the deep breathing state are found to be excellent indicators of the neuropathic conditions of the heart. In the present work, an expert system has been developed to classify the type of neuropathy in each subject, based on the values of the frequency domain parameters calculated using the signal processing algorithms on the HRV signal. In this rule based expert system, six different classes are identified, namely normal, parasympathetic loss, sympathetic loss, mixed loss, neural imbalance and late parasympathetic action.


The ordinary roentgenologic manifestations of rheumatoid spondylitis have been well described (1–4). Clinicians and roentgenologists are especially interested in recognizing the early phases of the disease, when treatment is often efficacious; little improvement can ordinarily be effected when the condition is far advanced. For that reason, little has been written concerning the late stages of the disease, except for descriptions of operative procedures that have been used to correct extensive deformity. The so-called bamboo spine, in which the spinal column is completely ankylosed as the result of ossification of the vertebral ligaments, is easily recognized. It is usually stated that in these cases the vertebral bodies are osteoporotic and the intervertebral disks are narrowed but that neither structure is directly involved or affected by the disease (5). This investigation was initiated by the observation that certain patients show striking destructive changes involving the intervertebral disks and adj...


The emergence of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) as a novel paradigm has revolutionized the relationship between humans, computers and the physical environment. CPSS extend cyber-physical systems (CPS) to include the social domain, which introduces a challenge of massive data processing. As a typically giant CPS, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), the world's largest filled-aperture radio telescope, generates massive volume of data which poses a huge storage problem that CPSS face likewise and requires real-time data compressing to reduce data storage and movement overhead. The recently introduced Bitshuffle preprocessing algorithm is a novel approach towards exploiting spatial redundancy incorporation to improve the compression ratio with a specific compressor. However, the existing high-performance CPU-based solutions cannot satisfy the performance requirement and power budget requirement simultaneously. In the paper, we propose the implementation of this algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and present an unique data transformation strategy to turn raw FAST data in classic FITS format into another format to support huge file sizes, i.e. Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5). Evaluation results show that our implementation can achieve 3.2Gbyte/s throughput which can be equipped with LZ4 compressor to be high performance compressor. This makes Bitshuffle on FPGAs a candidate for meeting the computational and energy efficiency constraints of radio telescopes and provide reference for CPSS facing the same situation.


The cutaneous vascular effects of prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) were studied in dogs during constant-flow perfusion of the hind paw. The effects of PGB2 (50–800 ng/kg min−1, ia) on systemic pressure, hind-paw perfusion pressure, and responses to local heating at 45°C (30 seconds) and cooling at 4°C (90 seconds) were measured in 44 dogs. PGB2 increased perfusion pressure by 50 ± 19 mm Hg to 218 ± 21 mm Hg without any effect on systemic arterial blood pressure. The pressor response to cooling increased from 34 mm Hg to 53 mm Hg (50 ng/kg min−1PGB2), but the dilator response to heating was reduced significantly during infusions of PGB2 (50 and 100 ng/kg). Acute denervation and reserpine treatment (0.5 mg/kg dog−1 for 2 days) reduced the constrictor responses to PGB2. The abilities of PGB2 to produce intense vasoconstriction, which is blocked by acute denervation and reserpine, to enhance responses to cooling, and to antagonize responses to heating make this preparation a useful model for the study of Raynaud's phenomenon and suggest that a prostaglandin, perhaps PGB2ss, may participate in cutaneous vasospastic disorders.


Argentian cryptomelane as a quite rare variety is determined during the investigation of Mn–Ag ore samples from Xiangguang deposit along the northern margin of North China craton. The mineral observed by a polarizing petrographic microscope involves concentric ring–band, pisolitic and veinlet structures and greyish white color. The scanning electron microscopy reveals a large number of elongated nanocrystals in the forms of nanofibers and nanorods in this densely natural argentian cryptomelane. The specifically chemical features in two samples of XG–C–1 and XG–C–2 of cryptomelane are: (1) (K0.55Na0.08Ca0.06Zn0.04Ag0.03Pb0.02Mg0.01)0.79(Mn7.21Fe0.52Al0.09Si0.09)7.91O16•nH2O; (2) (K0.37Ca0.28Ag0.13Na0.07Mg0.07Zn0.06Cu0.02)1.00(Mn7.01Fe0.40Al0.39Si0.03Ti0.01Cr0.01)7.85O16•nH2O. The silver content ranges from about 0.22–3.15 wt%, which is much higher than that of other manganese oxides including ranciéite, chalcophanite and coronodite found in this deposit as well. Both of two argentian cryptomelane samples feature two main Raman scattering contributions at about 580 cm−1 and 630 cm−1, belonging to the Mn–O lattice vibrations within the MnO6 octahedral double chains, which can distinguish from other three manganese oxides. The Ag+ prefers to locate in the tunnel sites substituting K+ of cryptomelane due to its large radius and the same monovalent state with K+. Some chain–width disorders characterized by transmission electron microscopy are probably caused by these cation substitutions.


Abstract The genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae) has more than 500 species, nineteen are native to Argentina. By their austral distribution, these species were included in breeding programs to obtain ornamental varieties tolerant to low temperatures. The aim of this work was to know the cytogenetic characteristics of Passiflora genotypes present in a working collection, as an indispensable knowledge for the development of a breeding plan. Chromosomal preparations were performed and karyotypic characteristics, rDNA sites by FISH and affinity among subgenera by GISH were studied. Chromosome counts in fourteen Argentinean species confirmed the basic chromosome numbers previously published: x = 6 for subgenus Decaloba, x = 9 for subgenus Passiflora and x = 10 for Dysosmia. The karyotypic parameters (karyotype, haploid chromosome length and asymmetry indices) and genomic affinities among the subgenera, clarify most of the chromosomal evolution of the genus. The results obtained strongly suggest that the basic number x = 6 would be the original one and that x = 9 was originated by processes of polyploidy and descendent dysploidy. Since subgenus Passiflora possesses the largest genomes, it is postulated that evolutionary process leading to x = 9 was accompanied by unequal distribution of non-coding repetitive DNA, mainly transposable elements. These processes could explain the asymmetrical karyotypes of species of subgenus Passiflora.


Ice Camp SARGO was the remote hub of operations for the multi-national naval operation Ice Exercise 2016 (ICEX-16), held in March of that year. Over a three-day period in early March, continuous recordings of the under-ice soundscape were collected with receivers deployed at various depths through first-year ice in the vicinity of the ice camp as it drifted westward across the Beaufort Sea approximately 175 nm north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. A significant reduction in the strength of easterly winds resulted in deceleration of the ice sheet during the period of observation, inducing notable ice cracking and ridging events near the camp. Ice sheet movement slowed from about 0.5 knots early in the test to virtually coming to a halt near the end of the recording period. Sounds from naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources in the 10-Hz to 10-kHz band detected in the recordings were analyzed in connection to the origins of the sound and correlated to varying environment conditions including wind speed and ic...


The National Public Safety System in the city of Trujillo is not implemented efficiently and effectively, lacking, among other reasons, a suitable methodology for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of plans of public safety and effective complementary social projects.

As causes of the problems indicated, were identified: the weak institutionalization of citizen security, weak management of planning, poor intersectoral coordination, limited citizen participation, limited participation of multidisciplinary actors like non interdisciplinarity . Negative situation whose effects generate potential breach of the rule of law and no respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

With the results obtained after the respective analysis and our hypothesis was proved that the methodology based on the Logical Framework Method (MML ) is the ideal to design projects that promote systemic, efficient and effective management of the state in the consolidation of Public Safety, in the city of Trujillo.

As a logical consequence, it was concluded that the design of a Public Safety Plan should comprise the steps: analysis of the problematic reality, given the design of social project (based on MML) and validation of the proposed social project by experts. Also, that the plan should be characterized by the institutionalization of Public Safety, the institutionalization of planning based on the Logical Framework Method, intersectoral in state agencies, citizen participation, and disciplinarity (Transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary). Otherwise, it is not met, the plans of Public Safety not contribute efficiently and effectively to the consolidation of the National System of Public Safety.

Faced with this problem really a design methodology for Public Safety plans are developed, based on the Logical Framework Method (MML). As such, this research addresses the problem referred to the characteristics required to design a plan based on public safety (MML), in order to promote systematic and efficient management of the state in consolidating security citizen in the city of Trujillo-Peru


The current study aims at presenting an in-depth coverage of the multiple human intelligences theorized by Howard Gardner in (Gardner, 1993a, Gardner, 1993b, Gardner, 1995, Gardner and Miller, 1999, Gardner, 2003) and their relationship to Qur'anic mapping method (concept and mind maps presenting a bilingual Qur'anic text) worked out in this proposed study. Furthermore, the study highlights numerous conceptual and congruence features between the way the Qur'anic maps present information and the way the nine types of learners absorb knowledge. Technically, the study utilized XMind 7 (v3.6.0.R-201511090408) software for creating the Qur'anic maps. The Arabic and English Qur'anic texts were extracted from http://quran.ksu.edu.sa. Regarding the topical classification and conceptual levels, the study depended on the exegetic opinions of Ibn Kathir in the book Al-Misbah Al-Munir fi Tahdhib Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Al-Mubarakpuri, 2013). Results showed that the Qur'anic maps proposed in this study are in total congruence with the nine frames of mind theorized by Howard Gardner. This study, as a new domain of research, recommends that similar studies shall present more rigorous investigations in the relationship between the current model of Qur'anic maps and learners' learning styles.


I. INTRODUCTION Over the course of the last thirty years, medical capacity to sustain and prolong life has grown by leaps and bounds.(1) However, significant questions have surrounded this increasing capacity.(2) Still, at some point, when dealing with questions of serious medical treatment, a truly thoughtful society must ask itself not merely whether it can, but, also whether it should provide advanced medical treatment. Over the last two and a half decades the medical and legal communities, as well as the country as a whole, have found themselves facing the latter question with increasing frequency.(3) Beginning primarily in the 1970s, one of the most significant and daunting questions to be answered in the health law context has been to what extent a patient ought to be permitted to refuse life saving, or potentially life saving treatment.(4) This question became particularly poignant when the patient's judgment was at odds with that of the treating physician.(5) Courts have generally settled the issue by recognizing, in the interest of patient autonomy, that competent, adult patients possess a liberty interest in determining what shall be done to their bodies.(6) This liberty interest includes the right to make decisions to refuse medical treatment.(7) Discussion of this autonomy interest will follow later in this comment in greater detail.(8) With the former question far more resolved than it was only twenty years ago,(9) a new, and potentially far more difficult, question looms on the horizon: if it is generally settled that, in the interest of patient autonomy, a liberty interest exists to enable patients to determine what shall happen to their own bodies, and that liberty interest encompasses the right to refuse unwanted potentially life saving or sustaining treatment, does it inescapably follow that, in the same context, a patient's right to demand treatment applies with equal force?(10) Part II of this comment will focus on the treatment of patient autonomy in the context of refusal of unwanted medical treatment.(11) Different approaches used in the contexts of competent and incompetent patients will be discussed, along with the applicable legal and medical standards to be used in making ultimate treatment decisions,(12) Further, the sources of a patient's autonomy interest will be discussed and evaluated.(13) Part II will conclude by examining the extent to which patients really do wish to be charged with ultimate responsibility for their own medical treatment decisions, and how realistic it is to expect patients to have the capability to do so.(14) Part III will constitute the majority of this comment, examining patient autonomy in the context of demanding treatment.(15) In an analysis regarding heroic versus ordinary measures, differences will be discussed from three key perspectives: 1) the physician/provider; 2) the patient; and, 3) the state.(16) Moreover, this analysis will be applied in a context in which the patient could avoid more costly procedures by accepting less costly ones earlier in the illness.(17) Part III will continue by dissecting the role of rationality in health care decision making from the perspectives of the patient and provider.(18) The right of a patient to demand treatment will be evaluated in the context of the reality of scarcity of resources.(19) Subsequently, the patient's constitutional rights will be analyzed, along with the question of whether the balance of the legitimate interests of the state, providence, and patient should or must shift in the context of patient demand for treatment.(20) The adequacy of the common law in this context will be addressed, and the need for legislative direction will be evaluated.(21) Finally, part IV will conclude by summarizing what guidance the legal and medical community can take from existing law, and call for legislative leadership and direction.(22) II. RIGHTS INVOLVED: COMMON LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL, STATUTORY Courts have recognized a fundamental common law right of a competent adult to determine whether to accept medical treatment. …


The media environment of program production, content delivery, and viewing has been changing because of progress in broadcasting and communication technologies and other technologies like IoT, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). In December 2018, 8K and 4K UHDTV satellite broadcasting will start in Japan, which means that viewers will soon be able to enjoy 8K and 4K programs featuring a wide color gamut and high dynamic range characteristics together with 22.2 multi-channel audio at home. Meanwhile, distribution services for sending content to PCs and smartphones through the Internet have rapidly been spreading and the introduction of the next generation of mobile networks (5G) will accelerate their spread. The coming of such advanced broadcast and broadband technologies and consequent changes in lifestyle will provide broadcasters with a great opportunity for a new stage of development. At NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (NHK STRL), we are pursuing a wide range of research with the aim of creating new broadcast services that can provide viewing experiences never before imagined and user experiences more attuned to daily life. To enhance the convenience of television and the value of TV programming, we are developing technology for connecting the TV experience with various activities in everyday life. Extensions to "Hybridcast Connect" will drive applications that link TVs, smartphones, and IoT. They will enable spontaneous consumption of content during everyday activities through various devices around the user. Establishing a new program production workflow with AI, which we call "Smart Production", is one of our most important research topics. We are developing speech and face recognition technologies for making closed captions and metadata efficiently, as well as technologies for automatically converting content into computer-generated sign language, audio descriptions, and simplified Japanese. This presentation introduces these research achievements targeting 2020 and beyond, as well as other broadcasting technology trends including 4K8K UHDTV broadcasting in Japan, 3D imaging, and VR/AR.


Since 1990s, Ultrathin Whitetopping (UTW) was used in U.S as a new kind of pavement structure. In order to explore the structural properties of UTW in China, a large full-scale trial road was constructed in 2002. The trial road was divided into shorter sections with different structural layer depths, different concrete panel dimensions and different materials. The sections were evaluated under a Linear-track Accelerated Loading Facility in the research. The strain data collected in dynamic and static loading tests were analyzed to evaluate the performances and characteristics of different sections. In the test, it was found that when there was a good bonding in section between UTW and the underlying asphalt layer, the tensile strains were small at both the surface and the bottom of the panel. During the period of heavier loading and rain erosion, failures were observed in the UTW in some sections. By comparing the deteriorations in all the sections, the preferable structural combination was determined. According to good performance of section 3 and section 4, the well-designed UTW is believed applicable to heavy or medium traffic. After loading test, a certain number of samples were cored at specified locations. The interface bonding conditions and UTW failure patterns were revealed. At the end of this paper, a three-dimensional Finite Element model was developed by using ANSYS program and the distress locations of the panels were analyzed.


A new model for realistic IR image rendering of city buildings was proposed in this paper. Within the model, We first analyzed the main kinds of factors affecting the infrared characteristic of city buildings such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sun and sky radiations. Then we established an energy equation based on principle of energy equilibrium for the surface parts of city building scene and by adopting multi-layer infinite difference method and Gauss-Seidier's iterative method, the surface temperatures of building scene under various conditions were acquired. To make the IR scene more realistic, we proposed a new method to obtain IR texture from its corresponding visible image based on the spectral correlation and the thermal attribute of the classified materials in scene. Using Ray tracing to determine IR shadow area and render the IR scene of city building with high-reality. To simulate the attenuated and blurred effect of atmosphere, we propose an IR attenuation imaging model. Finally, various IR images of city buildings at different time in a day and at different detected distance are realistically rendered based on our model.


Resin bugs are a group of reduviids which collect viscous substances from plants with their legs and use them as an aid in prey capture and to protect eggs against predators. We designed the present investigation to examine aspects of the natural history and biology of Heniartes stali (Wygodzinsky) in association with Rubus cf. adenotrichos (Schltdl.), an Andean wild blackberry covered with trichomes that secrete a sticky fluid. We surveyed the occupancy of this plant by the bugs in five localities in the Venezuelan Andes and the sticky material source was determined. Nymphs, and in minor proportion, adults were frequently found on the blackberry plants. We also document the harvesting and handling of this exudate by H. stali under laboratory conditions. The bugs invested several hours to gather the sticky material using the forelegs, transferred it to the midlegs, and subsequently stored it in a conspicuously hairy area of the hindlegs. Portions of the accumulated material were smeared on the genital area using the hind tibiae for coating the eggs during oviposition. We also observed the transfer from the hind to the forelegs. Our observations reveal a previously unsuspected interaction between Heniartes and trichome-bearing plants in the Neotropics. In addition, we report hitherto unknown substantial differences in the way resinous fluids are handled by Heniartes, in contrast with reports of other Apiomerini.