RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a small interfering RNA that contains a strand complementary to a fragment of the target mRNA, resulting in sequence specific inhibition of gene expression. The discovery of RNAi enabled the use of loss‐of‐function analyses in many non‐model insects other than Drosophila to elucidate the roles of specific genes. The RNAi approach has been widely used on insects in several fields, including embryogenesis, pattern formation, reproduction, biosynthesis and behavior. The increasing availability of insect genomes has made the RNAi technique an indispensable technique for characterizing gene functions in insects. Here we review the current status of RNAi‐based experiments in insects and the applications of RNAi for species‐specific insecticides, focusing on non‐drosophilid insects. We also identify future applications for RNAi‐based studies in Entomology.


While factors known to positively affect attitudes toward reading have been investigated, the relationship between attitudes toward reading and home literary environments, particularly with older students, needs to be more fully explored. This investigation focused on the nature of the relationship between high school students' reading attitudes and the literary environment in which they were raised. The Relationship Between Positive Adolescent Attitudes Toward Reading and Home Literary Environment Kelly Partin Bowling Green State University Cindy Gillespie Hendricks Bowling Green State University While factors known to positively affect attitudes toward reading have been investigated, the relationship between attitudes toward reading and home literary environments, particularly with older students, needs to be more fully explored. This investigation focused on the nature of the relationship between high school students' reading attitudes and the literary environment in which they were raised. 62 Reading Horizons, 2002, 43 (1) THE LITERARY DEVELOPMENT of adolescents is just as important and requires just as much attention as that of beginning readers. Yet local, state, and national debates over reading have focused primarily on beginners. Today's adolescents live in a world that requires them to be more literate and to engage in more kinds of reading and writing than was required of their counterparts in previous generations. (IRA Advertisement for the Commission on Adolescent Literary) According to Vacca (1998), neglect of adolescents' literary development manifested ". . .itself through educational policy, school curricula and a public mindset on literacy that doesn't appear to extend beyond learning to read and write in early childhood and elementary school" (p. 605). He added, "Research funding for adolescent literacy... is minuscule in relation to the big bucks federal and state agencies spend on early literacy and early intervention research" (p. 605). Research related to adolescent readers also falls short when compared to early readers. Research that does exist regarding adolescent readers tends to focus on cognitive factors associated with learning to read while affective factors related to reading are often overlooked (Cramer & Castle, 1994). While knowledge of cognitive factors remains important in understanding the reading process, affective factors, which include attitude, are equally as important in the reading process (Cramer & Castle). Attitudes toward reading, defined as an individual's feelings about reading, caused learners to approach or avoid a reading situation (Alexander & Filler, 1976; Guthrie & Wigfield, 1997). Harris and Sipay (1990) stated that, "pupils' attitudes toward reading can be an important factor in their voluntary reading and reading achievement" (p. 668). Faman (1996) agreed that attitude directly affects reading achievement; more specifically, she stated that attitude, motivation, and interest are interrelated terms associated with feelings, and with leamers' inclinations to leam, or in the case of reading, with readers' inclinations to read. Gillespie's (1993) investigation with older readers concurred with this notion, "For students to be successful readers they must have a positive affective predisposition toward reading instruction" (p. 336). Attitudes and Home Environment 63 Reading achievement and reading time increase once a positive attitude is developed (Alexander & Filler). Factors Affecting Adolescents' Reading Attitude While it is generally acknowledged that positive reading attitudes lead to positive reading experiences which, in tum, lead to higher academic performance, how one develops a positive reading attitude has not been thoroughly examined with adolescents. Some recent studies focused on identifying variables that influence the development of positive attitudes toward reading in secondary students (Bintz, 1993; Kubis, 1996; Russ, 1989; Spiegel, 1994; Walberg & Tsai, 1983). Walberg and Tsai (1983, 1985) concluded that a positive attitude toward reading is one of the strongest correlates of reading achievement. Factors that contributed to a positive attitude among adolescents included: * believing that reading is important * enjoying reading * having a high self-concept as a reader * having a verbally stimulating home environment where verbal interaction takes place regularly Russ' (1989) investigation explored the relationship between the attitudes of secondary students toward reading and their academic achievement. Russ concluded that higher positive attitudes toward reading correlated significantly with exceptional performance in reading. In Bintz's (1993) study, secondary students who regarded reading as an attractive and preferred activity identified positive role models such as parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, neighbors, and other relatives as responsible for their love of reading. According to Bintz, these role models constituted "reading families" or "communities of readers" whose members valued and supported reading. Spiegel (1994), who investigated parents of successful readers, recognized the importance of positive role models for reading. What parents 64 Reading Horizons, 2002, 4, (1) do in their homes (their literary environment) significantly affected the development of positive attitudes toward reading. According to Spiegel, home literary environments included several components, such as artifacts (books, newspapers, pencils, paper, letters, junk mail, and other print-related material) and events (reading to children). Kubis (1996) concluded that students attribute their positive attitudes toward reading to a significant event or person. Kubis stated that, generally, students read to as children and who owned personal book collections exhibited more positive attitudes toward reading than those who did not. Moreover, Kubis explained that families of students with positive attitudes toward reading received more magazines than families of those with negative attitudes. Another literary event influencing attitude development was visiting the public library. Kubis added that students who had been taken to the library and who possessed library cards reported more positive attitudes toward reading. While factors known to positively affect attitude toward reading have been investigated, the relationship between adolescent attitudes toward reading and home literary environments needs to be more fully explored. Cramer and Castle (1994) explained that affective elements related to reading can and should be measured and that it is necessary to establish a more systematic research in the affective areas of reading. Given this backdrop, we focused on answering the following research question: What is the nature of the relationship between adolescent students' positive reading attitudes and the literary environment in which they were raised?


Interestingly, one can show that in the propositional case, this prediction is equivalent toφ(d)⇔ φ(>), i.e. we only need to consider one possible sentence completion β: the tautology. Importantly however, this is only a (very efficient) technical shortcut and lengthy tautologous pieces are not necessary (see Chemla, 2006). This first part of the theory accounts for the core projection facts: projection under negation, conditionals, quantified sentences etc. Second, there is a processing module which governs the stage at which these Gricean mechanisms apply:


Purpose: In this descriptive study we evaluated the frequency of bladder perforation after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumor in institute of kidney disease hayatabad Peshawar. MATTERIAL AND METHODS: The Transurethral resection done on 2000 patients presented with superficial bladder tumor from July 2008 to July 2012. RESULTS: The prospective study was carried out by 2000 patients. Among 2000 patients male and female distribution was 1600 (80%) and 400(20%) respectively. The average age of the patients was 65.6 +10 years (30 to 80) that were endoscopically treated. The average size of the bladder tumor on cystoscopic evaluation was 26+10mm in diameter. The bladder perforations were more common in female might be due to their thin bladder wall. The only statistically significant difference between patients with and without extravasations was in patient age and sex, tumor size, localization, number of foci, tumor grade and stage. The perforations were mostly related with a tumors located at the dome of the bladder in 4 cases (5%). The perforations were mostly extra peritoneal and conservatively treated with intravesical catheter for 10 days. Conclusions: The extravasation of urine (asymptomatic perforation) after transurethral bladder tumor resection may occur much more frequently than expected. Key Word: bladder neoplasm, bladder perforation Department of Urology, IKD, Peshawar ......................................................................................... Address for correspondence: Dr. Bakhtawar Gul Wazir Associate Professor, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Peshawar E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Cell: 0344-9025511


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have pointed out that the mere elevation of the maxillary sinus membrane promotes bone formation without the use of augmentation materials.

PURPOSE
This experimental study aimed at evaluating if the two-stage procedure for sinus floor augmentation could benefit from the use of a space-making device in order to increase the bone volume to enable later implant installation with good primary stability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six male tufted capuchin primates (Cebus apella) were subjected to extraction of the three premolars and the first molar on both sides of the maxilla to create an edentulous area. The sinuses were opened using the lateral bone-wall window technique, and the membrane was elevated. One resorbable space-making device was inserted in each maxillary sinus, and the bone window was returned in place. The animals were euthanatized after 6 months, and biopsy blocks containing the whole maxillary sinus and surrounding soft tissues were prepared for ground sections.

RESULTS
The histological examination of the specimens showed bone formation in contact with both the schneiderian membrane and the device in most cases even when the device was displaced. The process of bone formation indicates that this technique is potentially useful for two-stage sinus floor augmentation. The lack of stabilization of the device within the sinus demands further improvement of space-makers for predictable bone augmentation.

CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that (1) the device used in this study did not trigger any important inflammatory reaction; (2) when the sinus membrane was elevated, bone formation was a constant finding; and (3) an ideal space-making device should be stable and elevate the membrane to ensure a maintained connection between the membrane and the secluded space.


The chemical and surface properties of hydrogenated carbon films were evaluated by using various surface and bulk analytical techniques. These properties were then related to the disks' tribological performance. The techniques used included hydrogen forward scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, resistance measurements, contact angle measurements, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, drag tests, and a chemical reactivity test. As the hydrogen content of the carbon films increased from 16 to 53%, the carbon bonding character changed from sp/sup 2/ to sp/sup 3/. This change in chemical properties improved the film's mechanical and physical properties, which, in turn, led to improved mechanical durability in the drag tests. Incorporation of H into the films passivated the carbon dangling bonds at the film's surface. This change at the films' surface prevented oxidation and improved the performance of the films in the chemical reactivity test. >


1. Census and Statistics Department. Hong Kong Population Projections 2010–2039. Hong Kong: Government Printing Office, 2010. 2. Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. Hospital Authority Statistical Report 2009/2010. Available at http://www.dh.gov.hk/english/statistics/statistics_ hs/files/Health_Statistics_pamphlet_E.pdf Accessed June 3, 2010. 3. Lawes C, Rodgers A, Bennett D et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region. J Hypertens 2003;21:707–716. 4. Ng MS, Ho KM, Poon TK et al. A retrospective study of patterns and outcomes of A&E department referrals from a family medicine training centre. The Hong Kong Practitioner 2009;31:7–13. 5. Chan L, Tsui PN, Ng YS et al. Management of hypertension in general outpatient clinics (GOPCs) of New Territories west cluster: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Hong Kong Practitioner 2007;29:470–480. 6. Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. Overview of Health Care Services in Hong Kong. Available at http://www.ha.org.hk/corpinfo/ha/english/helcare.htm#extended Assessed April 25, 2010. 7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289: 2560–2572. 8. Lee VWY, Pang PTY, Kong KWY et al. Impact of ongoing pharmacy outreach services on blood pressure management in the elderly community in Hong Kong. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013;13:175–181. 9. Lee VWY, Pang KKW, Hui KC et al. Medication adherence—is it a hidden drug-related problem in hidden elderly? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013;13:978–985. 10. Bernsten C, Bjorkman I, Caramona M et al. Improving the well-being of elderly patients via community pharmacy-based provision of pharmaceutical care: A multicentre study in seven European countries. Drugs Aging 2001;18:63–77.


Abstract 4851 Background: Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antimetabolite that effectively ameliorates the course of sickle cell disease (SCD). Starting dose is usually 20 mg/kg/day and the dose is escalated up to 35 mg/kg/day in most of the centers. In Oman, due to high level of consanguinity, ethnic neutropenia affects around 10% of population rendering higher doses difficult to maintain in most of the patients. Materials and Methods: 161 patients (age 2–16 years, 61% male and 39% female) with SCD at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, were started on HU for clinically severe course (defined as: annual vaso occlusive crisis admissions more than 3, and/or occurrence of acute chest syndrome) with starting dose of 15 mg/kg and a mean dose of 18 mg/kg/day. All patients were included in the study except for 19 patients who were excluded for various reasons (8 lost follow up, 6 stopped HU by parents, and 5 stopped due to side effects: dizziness, abdominal pain, and myelosuppression). Remaining 142 patients were followed up for median treatment duration of 4 years (range, 1.5–10 years). Patients were assessed for clinical and laboratory response to HU. Results: There was significant reduction in the annual number of admissions due to vaso occlusive crisis (P There was also observed clinical improvement regarding the incidence of acute chest syndrome. Only 12 out of 39 patients initiated on HU for acute chest syndrome had a recurrent attack during a follow up period of 3–7 years. The laboratory parameters were consistent with previous reports: significant increase in hemoglobin level, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level, Mean Corpuscular Volume, whereas significant decrease in platelet, absolute neutrophil, and absolute reticulocytic counts. All 142 patients tolerated the treatment well. Observed side effects included abdominal pain, dizziness, rash, tremor in one patient each. Of note, 21 patients (11.1%) developed neutropenia (ANC Conclusion: In SCD patients with background of ethnic neutropenia, lower starting dose and limited range of dose escalation of HU ensured safety and yet did not affect efficacy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract Dorothea von Montau has conventionally been viewed as an isolated figure. This article aims to shift the focus away from Dorothea as a historical individual, and onto the body of heavily theological texts which treat Dorothea produced by her confessor, Johannes Marienwerder. It builds on recent work which regards the canons of the Pomesanian cathedral chapter at Marienwerder as more significant than the Teutonic Order for the promotion of Dorothea's cause. It explores the long-standing association between Johannes Marienwerder and the more famous figure of Matthaeus of Cracow, and locates them amongst a wider group of German-speaking senior masters at the university of Prague in the later fourteenth century with shared interests in the inspired word, revelatory writing (notably the Revelationes of Birgitta of Sweden), and the active pastoration of religious women. Narrative accounts of the involvement of Johannes and Matthaeus in the pastoral supervision of lay women enjoying mystical forms of religious experience, contained in hitherto unedited texts written by the archbishop Jan of Jenštejn, offer parallel evidence which, for the first time, permits a comparative study of Johannes' later writing on Dorothea. The appendix provides an edition of an extract from Jan of Jenštejn's De bono mortis.


The potential of paraquat, a dipyridilium compound, to sensitize cells to X-irradiation was examined in hamster lung V79 cells. Paraquat, toxic in its own right to aerobic cells, acts as a radiosensitizer of cells irradiated towards the end of an exposure to nontoxic concentrations of the drug. In combination with radiation, sublethal doses of paraquat, given for two hours prior to irradiation, enhance the lethal effects of radiation by a factor of 1.6 compared to cells exposed to radiation and drug separately. Paraquat has been shown to have a special affinity to lung tissue and may prove useful as an adjunct in radio therapeutic treatment of primary and metastasized tumor sites.


ABSTRACT Historical and literary accounts of the Graaff-Reinet and Swellendam rebellions of 1795 – 1799 are analysed in relation to three consecutive myths of Afrikaner national identity. In terms of the British imperialist myth of the Afrikaner as rural degenerate, the rebels were semi-civilised burgher racists, who sought to dignify their killing and enslavement of the Khoikhoi and Xhosa by recourse to northern hemisphere republican discourses. In terms of the apartheid myth of the Afrikaner as God's chosen volk, the rebels were a beleaguered Christian people who were beset by marauding African foes, and who resisted heroically the tyrannical Dutch East India Company and British governance from Cape Town. In terms of the post-apartheid myth of the Promethean Afrikaner, a brave minority of Afrikaners (most notably the Graaff-Reinet landdrost Honoratus Maynier) opposed the racist violence of the frontier rebels, and stood up for equality and justice. In the same way that the image of the Afrikaner as rural degenerate should be related to British imperialism, and the image of the Afrikaner as God's chosen volk to Afrikaner nationalism, the myth of the Promethean Afrikaner must be related to the nation-building ideological project of the African National Congress.


The objectives of this study were 1) to assess vegetavle contribution in nutrient intake (vitamin and mineral) of pre-school children, 2) to identify the factors that influence vegetable consumption of pre-school children, 3) to study the relationship between the kind and processing of vegetable, frequency of vegetable consumption, feeding vegetable pattern, introducing vegetable for the first time and availability of vegetable in household with vegetable consumption of pre-school children.

The study conducted in six months, in Simomulyo village, Sukomanunggal sub-district, Surabaya Regency. For this purpose 100 pre-school children (3-5 years old) were selected randomly. Socio-economic data were collected by using questionnaier, vegetable consumption pattern data were collected by using recall method. The data were analyzed statistically by using Chi-Square and Multiple Logistic Regression.

The result of this study show that 1) the avarage of vegetable consumption were 50,9 gram/capita/day, lower than avarage vegetable consumption allowances for pre-school children (75 gram/capita/day). Vitamin C intake was lower than RDA (47,5% RDA), vitamin A and phosphor intake were higher than RDA (>100% RDA). Calcium intake still lower than RDA (72,4% RDA) and iron intake was moderate (87,5% RDA); 2) vegetable contribution in nutrition intake (vitamin and mineral) was very low. Vegetable contribution on pre-school children that their vegetable cinsumption equal with allowances was higher than pre-school children that their vegetable consumption unequal with allowances (the vegetable contribution more than 70%); 3) the factors that have relationship with vegetable consumption were feeding vegetable pattern (persuade), introducing vegetable for the first time (>12-24 months old), leaves vegetable, boiled vegetable, everyday vegetable sonsumption pattern, and the availability of vegetable in household. The factor that influence vegetable consuption was feeding vegetable pattern (persuade) (p


Eclogitic xenoliths from kimberlites are occasionally diamond-bearing, and are often interpreted as having an origin as subducted oceanic crust. The existence of diamonds in these rocks constrains equilibrium temperatures and pressures of some eclogites to the upper mantle. However the additional critical parameter controlling the stability of diamonds, oxygen fugacity (ƒO2), is poorly constrained in eclogitic assemblages. A series of piston-cylinder experiments were conducted using model carbonate and kyanite bearing eclogite assemblages to determine the ƒO2 of the limiting reaction for graphite vs. diamond: CaMg(CO3)2 + 2SiO2 = CaMgSi2O6 + 2C + 2O2 as a function of pressure (P=3.5-6 GPa) and temperature (T=900-1300C). The oxygen fugacity in the experiments was determined using Fe-Ir alloy ƒO2 sensors and a newly developed Fe-Pd-based redox sensor for high-pressure experiments. The experimental data allowed calibration of two redox reactions (involving garnetclinopyroxene and garnet-kyanite) as oxybarometers to determine ƒO2 of eclogitic rocks. Both reactions can be used to evaluate the ƒO2 of UHP metamorphic eclogites and eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites. The accuracy of the calculated ƒO2 is highly dependent on precision of the garnet Fe/ΣFe measurements, which were obtained using the flank method and the synchrotron based Fe K-edge XANES method. Both reactions were calibrated and used to estimate ƒO2 of diamond, kyanite and coesite bearing eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia. The relatively high ƒO2 of diamond stability in eclogite relative to peridotite at the upper mantle PT conditions may explain the higher abundance of diamonds in eclogite xenoliths and constrains the mechanism of transport of carbon to the deep mantle.


The utility model discloses a climbing mould system structure, and is characterized by comprising a climbing frame, and an inner lateral mould plate and an outer lateral mould plate which are installed on the climbing frame. The lateral sides of the mould plates are provided with a climbing rail and a power device driving the mould plates to ascend, and the climbing frame and the mould plates are provided with a plurality of layers of working platforms. The climbing mould system structure remarkably improves the appearance quality of concretes, enables the construction sites to be clean and tidy, is high in mechanization, safe in construction, and high in wind resistance.


In this paper, we study the vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple deliverymen (VRPTWMD) considering the uncertain demands, as well as uncertain travel and service times. In addition to routing and scheduling decisions, the VRPTWMD involves deliverymen allocation decisions on each route to reduce service times. This variant appears in logistics companies that operate within a regular schedule and deliver products to retailers located in congested urban areas. We rely on two mathematical formulations to represent the VRPTWMD: one of them is based on flow and the other on a set partitioning formulation. These formulations are extended to the robust version of the problem considering the possible realizations of the uncertain parameters within budgeted uncertainty sets. A robust flow formulation is obtained by linearising recursive equations, instead of using the duality technique commonly used in the literature on static robust optimization. Additionally, we propose an exact method based on a branch-price-and-cut algorithm to solve the corresponding set partitioning formulation of the problem, in which an adapted dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve the resource constrained elementary shortest path problem with data uncertainty. Computational experiments using literature instances and risk analysis via Monte-Carlo simulation are performed, showing evidence of the sensitivity of decisions, cost and risk as the uncertainties of the problem increase.


Image reject analysis (RA) in direct digital radiography (DDR) is an important quality indicator tool. Analysis of rejected images is a component of quality assurance (QA) programmes, with the overall aim of reducing patient radiation dose. This study aimed to compare differences in image rejection rates (RR) and the reasons for rejection between two radiology departments.


English Department of Tadulako University is a department with the highest number of lecturers in Tadulako University. Thesis supervisor determination at the English Department of Tadulako University still use the conventional way so that the determination of the thesis supervisor is done in a long time. In addition, some lecturers have more workload than other lecturers. Decision support system for the determination of the thesis supervisor in the English Department of Tadulako University was built to overcome this problem using the Weighted Product method. The system is a desktop-based application using the Visual Studio programming language and MySQL DBMS for database processing. The application of a decision support system for determining thesis supervisors can help make the selection of supervisors accurately and quickly with a mathematical calculation system.


Abstract : This thesis adds to the body of knowledge and scholarly literature by attempting to illuminate Chinas communication strategy during three historical military engagements, as well as analyze research from leading experts in Chinas information operations. This topic is significant to the military profession and other scholars because China executes communication strategy using methods which may not be widely understood by information practitioners. China achieves objectives through the use of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economic (DIME) National Instruments of Power (IOP) in ways United States leaders may not fully comprehend. China attempted communication strategy in each of the following engagements, and executed plans differently each time. The research questions addressed in this thesis are as follows: To what degree did China plan its communication strategy before and during: Chinas land invasion into Vietnam in 1979; the Taiwan Strait crisis in 1996; and the Chinese anti-satellite missile test in 2007?


The invention relates to an arrangement for switching from a tongue blade (11) to a stock rail (10) fixed on a ribbed plate (12). Said device comprises a slide chair (14) extending from the ribbed plate arranged on a sleeper or a fixed track, and at least one roller element (44, 46) that extends from a holding element (48) and is used as a support for the tongue blade. The aim of the invention is to ensure a clear association between the roller element and the stock rail, simultaneously ensuring, however, that no forces leading to uncontrolled impacts can be introduced into the tongue blade. To this end, the holding element (48) is detachably connected to an insert (36) in the base plate (12), and the insert is connected to the base plate by means of an elastic intermediate layer (38).


Basmati rice cultivars were studied for protein quality following a 21-days feeding trial on mice. Corrected protein efficiency ratio (PER) of test proteins ranged between 1.66-2.05. Net protein retention was found to be highest for casein (3.26), while it ranged from 2.17-2.47 for the rice proteins. Biological value and net protein utilization of Basmati 370 was the lowest among the rice protein diets. True digestibility of casein (96.66%) was superior to rice proteins (91.73-93.62%), and overall quality of Basmati rice was good.


Military operation refers to applying military concepts and approaches to guide economic management and business competition.There have been cases of applying military to business from ancient times in China and ei- ther the practice or the theory of modern western military operation has been magnificent.Some typical disciplines in military science are applied to operation guidance,such as"philosophy","governing the people","five moralities","estimates","overall victory","motivation from interests","knowledge beforehand","winning a battle","building posture"and"contingency".However,military science is different from business competition.Therefore,military science is not supposed to be applied to guiding operation indiscriminately.Instead,military science should be blended into business operation and applied flexibly.


tion .of the system. As far as the spin and the unitary spin quantum numbers are concerned, these excitons can be identified with the quark and the antiquark. In contrast to the conventional quark, however, they ohey the Bose-statistics and have mass about one third of the nucleon mass. Further in this model it can be shown that the triality is restricted to zero. Therefore, particles with fractional electric charge or fractional baryonic number do not appear. Thus, this model eliminates most of the difficulties of the conventional quark model, and it is shown that as far as the low lying levels of the hadrons are concerned, the elementary particles can be understood consistently as the excited state of a deformable sphere. Discussions in this paper are restricted to the l1niform deformations and is done in the non-relativistic approximation. l ) to construct a unified model of elementary particles on the basis of the assumption that the elementary par ticles are' not mathematical points but have some spatial extension, trying to identify the internal levels of motion carried by this extended structure with the actual elementary particles. The simplest possibility for such an approach is to assume that tbis struc ture is rigid. In this case, the internal motion is the rotation around 1 he center of mass, and in our previolls paper2) this was shown that the eigenfunctions of the system belonging to the eigenstate of this rotational motion have properties very similar to the Dirac spin or. **) The rigid body model is, however, insufficient as the realistic model of elementary particles, since it has no possibility of producing quantum numbers like isospin, hypercharge,··· etc. To· evade this difficulty, 1\vo of the authors (0. H. and T. G.) have tried to relax the condition "rigid ", and considered a deformable body model instead of the rigid body


This study explored the relationship between the manner in which a school board functions and the level and existence of quality improvement principles perceived to be present within the school district. Two survey instruments, the Perceived Quality Assessment Instrument (PQAI) and the Role Perception Quality Instrument (RPQI), were utilized to collect data in thirty—four (34) public school districts in Iowa. Data from the first instrument was used to compute a Perceived Quality Index Score (PQI) and data from the second survey yielded a Role Perception Quality Index Score (RPQI) for each of the thirty-four (34) districts. The PQI and RPQI scores were compared to determine the degree of correlation between the PQI and RPQI. For further comparison school district data was analyzed by grouping schools according to


The paper analyzes the statistics of the epidemiological situation of the foodborne
toxic infection in Ukraine between 2009 and 2012. Over the past four years, the
epidemiological situation of foodborne diseases in Ukraine can be decreased
insignificantly. The paper shows that sick animals and salmonella carriers are the
main causes of food toxic poisoning infections. In Ukraine, the 14–16 salmonella
serovar is most detected. Rare salmonella serovar was most frequently detected in the
eastern and central regions of Ukraine, and less frequently in the western, northern
and southern regions. The paper also highlights, approaches to assessing the risks of toxic infection in Ukraine caused by salmonella. The method of the immuno-enzymes analysis (IEA) in general and the method of pointwise immuno-enzymes detection in particular prove most promising for the diagnosis of salmonellosis.


Tensile strained-silicon waveguides were produced by LPCVD (780 °C) by depositing a 150 nm-thick Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> overlayer. Nonlinear nanosecond and femtosecond transmission experiments indicated the presence of a significant χ<sup>(2)</sup> in the bulk silicon.


A new aggregation method for deteiningloadcharacteristics forrepresentation incomputer simulations isproposed. In support of the new method,a mathematical derivationis presented. Also,resultsarecomparedwithmodels obtained by usingtheEPRI/University of Texasat Arlington method andfieldtests.Theapplication of theproposed methodissimpler thanexisting methods inthatitdoesnotrequire fieldtestsortheuseof curvefitting techniques. Theprocedure shouldbeof primaryinterestto transmission systemplanners involvedin load flow and dynamicstability simulations ofpowersystems.


The grassroots assistance that Muslim women activists provide to victims of domestic abuse in Kazakhstan differs significantly from approaches commonly used by service providers in the United States. Yet the activists' informal remedies, which are shaped by discourses of religion and ethnicity and which have attracted women who seek something other than safety or formal justice, are implicitly regulated by cultural politics. By examining particular cases, I show how activists prescribe gender ideologies that guide victims' choices while supporting their own group's broader political goals. These findings may help in understanding the dynamics of women's political agency outside the state.


We have analyzed data obtained during two observations with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer on 1997 January 5 and 8 of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) and atoll source 4U 1636-53. We measure the frequency separation of the two simultaneous kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in this source to be 253.7±4.7 and 246.4±5.4 Hz, respectively. These values are inconsistent with being equal to 0.5 times the frequency of the 581 Hz oscillations that have been detected previously in 4U 1636-53 during type I bursts. The weighted average discrepancy is 39.5±3.5 Hz. This result shows that a simple beat-frequency interpretation of the kHz QPOs, in which the frequency of the oscillations detected during type I bursts equals the separation between the two kHz QPOs (or twice that value), is incorrect.


In this paper we would like to summarize the United States Army Chemical, Research, Development and Engineering Center (CRDEC) development of an advanced laser standoff (remote) chemical detection system for multiple use in the modern battlefield. We will first discuss the overall program including its goals, purpose, objectives and capabilities. Next we will review the basic detection principles on which this program is based. This includes Differential Absorption Lidar (called DIAL), Differential Scattered Lidar (called DISC), Topographic Reflection for surface detection and Range Resolution for DIAL and DISC. The third and fourth areas of the paper will be a brief discussion of the existing breadboard Lidar system and its field test goals and accomplishments. To conclude we will say a few words about our future program direction.


Essential oils were extracted from the roots and leaves of Cnidium officinale Makino (Umbelliferae) cultivated in three different districts of Korea. Extraction was carried out by steam distillation, and the composition of the essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extracted oils were compared between different samples. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils and their main components were determined against twelve antibiotic-susceptible or -resistant food-borne pathogenic bacteria. No distinct differences in composition of the essential oils from the rhizomes were found depending upon from which of the three districts the plant was cultivated. In contrast, their composition differed markedly depending on from which part of the plant the oil came, specifically the leaves versus the rhizomes. All of the essential oil fractions and their main component, Z-ligustilide, inhibited the growth of all of the bacterial strains tested, except for Yersinia enterocolitica, and had minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/mL. In addition, the cell viability of Caco-2 and MKN-45 cancer cell lines was not altered following exposure to the oils at concentrations between 10 and 160 μg/mL.


This article shall argue that the UK Mental Capacity Act (MCA herein) is unfairly discriminatory towards mentally disabled people, although not irreparably so. Although this article inhabits the nexus between public policy and philosophy, my argument is primarily a philosophical exploration of whether the MCA adequately refl ects and protects the autonomy of mentally disabled people. I shall therefore be examining the discriminatory effects of the MCA, as well as the nature of autonomy, in arguing that this legislation unfairly discriminates against people with mental disabilities. In section I I argue that: (i) The diagnostic component of the MCA is discriminatory and ought to be removed; and (ii) the functional test is indirectly discriminatory, while the unfairness of this discrimination is rooted in the application of the legislation rather than the legislation itself. I also observe that the fl exibility of the MCA allows for societal prejudices to infl uence rulings, further disadvantaging mentally disabled people. In section II I contend that the individualistic model of autonomy the MCA is predicated upon fails to pay deference to the socially-embedded way in which each of us makes decisions, and that this inaccurate portrayal of autonomy – coupled with the unequal power dynamics that characterise capacity assessments – places an unfair burden on people with mental disabilities. I recognise that while there are people who cannot act autonomously, and best-interest decision-making may be necessary in such circumstances, the MCA does not achieve its aim of protecting the vulnerable in the least restrictive way, nor does it safeguard against the unfair discrimination of disabled people.


We study quasi-ballistic heat transfer through air between a hot nanometre-scale tip and a sample. The hot tip/surface configuration is widely used to perform non-intrusive confined heating. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the thermal conductance reaches 0.8 MW m−2 K−1 on the surface under the tip and show the shape of the heat flux density distribution (nanometre-scale thermal spot). These results show that a surface can be efficiently heated locally without contact. The temporal resolution of the heat transfer is a few tens of picoseconds.


A plant-weighing procedure was used to measure the total mass of spray mixture intercepted by small whole corn and cotton plants. Mixtures of water and water plus crop oil concentrate or spreader–sticker were applied at spray volumes of 280 to 28,000 L/ha. The plants were weighed before and after passing under the spray and leaf areas, and shoot fresh and dry weights for each plant were measured. Spray deposition increased with spray volumes but not proportionally. Corn plants were larger than cotton plants and retained more spray per plant; however, cotton retained more spray per unit leaf area. The two adjuvants had similar effects on deposition, tending to increase it in corn and decrease it in cotton.


We propose an implementation of steganography embedding secret information without degradation of the data quality or increase of data size using Huffman coding. When general digital data are compressed using Huffman coding, the alphabet and the symbol frequency of the source depend on the data. In many cases, the statistics of the data are investigated and code table optimized for the data is constructed and then, encoding is applied with the code table and encoded data are stored together with the coding table. In this paper, we propose an implementation of embedding data using degrees of freedom in Huffman coding. Any digital data can be used as cover data and the quality of data is completely preserved because the compression is lossless. The proposed method contributes to the expansion of the application of steganography and to the improvement of security of digital data.


With the social distancing required by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the creation of a new pedagogical model became a sudden challenge for educational institutions. This study sought to assess health science professors' experiences and perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative approach was applied and included the application of a structured and self-administered virtual questionnaire containing objective and multiple-choice questions on demographic data, online teaching activities, continuing education, learning environments, and difficulties faced. Seven questions from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screening Tool (GAD-7) were added to assess anxiety. One hundred and thirty-eight university professors in Brazil completed the questionnaire. Of these, 87 were employed by public institutions and 51 worked at private institutions. Geopolitical region in the country and university funding type were associated with universities' ability or decision to offer courses online. Among the professors, being of female gender and a decrease in household income were the factors most closely associated with increased anxiety. Professors also reported difficulties in interacting with students online, the need to assume more childcare, and difficulty in concentrating at home to be the main barriers to successful online teaching.


Visual object recognition is the process of determining the identity, location, and orientation of familiar objects in an image. A line drawing of the image is the collection of the two dimensional intensity and texture image boundaries. In this thesis I address two independent issues relevant to the rapid recognition of objects from line drawings: the detection of boundaries, and the computation of an object representation that is suitable for a bottom-up recognition algorithm.
In the first part of the thesis I present an algorithm for curvilinear grouping. Curvilinear grouping is the detection of an underlying smooth curve, given a set of disconnected curve segments that lie near the curve--segments exhibiting a curvilinear relationship. The algorithm is simple, feed-forward, and parallel. It is a biologically plausible model for the grouping process in the human visual system, as well as a practical algorithm from a machine vision point of view.
In the second part I address the issue of computing the aspect graph representation of polyhedral objects. The viewpoint space of an object is partitioned into regions such that in each region the qualitative structure of the line drawing does not change. The object is represented by a set of 2D views, one for each region in the partition, and the 2D image information is matched against this set. At the boundaries between adjacent regions are the accidental viewpoints where the structure of the line drawing changes--a visual event occurs. I catalog the visual events of polyhedral objects and present two algorithms computing their aspect graph and a novel data structure for computing the views time and space that are optimal in the total number of changes between adjacent views.


Doped La–M–Mn–Cu–O based (M = Ce, Mg, Y, Zn) perovskite materials were prepared by the sol–gel method and characterized by XRD, N2-adsorption, ICP-OES, SEM, TPR, N2O-adsorption, XPS and TPD techniques. Upon the introduction of the fourth elements, all the samples keep the stable LaMnO3 perovskite structure, and part of the copper species is separated from the perovskite lattice. More structure defects, lower reduction temperature and better low-temperature H2 adsorption on the unit surface area are observed. In the application for methanol synthesis from CO2/H2, the Zn doped catalyst showed better performance which may because the strength of the weak basic sites play a significant role on methanol selectivity and the amount of H2 adsorbed on the unit surface area is the key for CO2 conversion.


The present paper briefly introduces the liquid core reduction process during thin slab continuously casting and compares the technique of liquid core reduction with that of soft reduction.In light of the technological characteristics of the liquid core reduction process for the thin slab continuous casting it also analyzes the structure of the continuous casting machine in which the new process is adopted and reaches the conclusion that appropriate process prerequisites for the liquid core reduction technique in thin slab CC are of great significance for application of this technology.


A density functional theory-based study is performed to investigate the stability of single atom catalysts (SACs) over a series of O-terminated MXenes with stoichiometry M2CO2. To this purpose, we select...


Ibrutinib is a promising targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, a small subset of patients progress on ibrutinib either through progressive CLL or Richter9s transformation. Patients responding to ibrutinib and then progressing with Richter9s transformation do so most commonly within the first 2 years of treatment and have an extremely poor prognosis. Identifying biomarkers associated with this transformation is of utmost importance. Near-tetraploidy (4 copies of most chromosomes within a cell) has been reported in various lymphomas; however, its incidence in CLL has not been described. We investigated the prevalence of near-tetraploidy in CLL patients prior to starting ibrutinib and identified it as a pre-treatment biomarker for Richter9s transformation. We examined near-tetraploidy in a large series of CLL patients enrolled across four ibrutinib clinical trials at the Ohio State University, for which extensive correlative studies and follow up data are available (previously described by Maddocks et al., JAMA Oncol, 2015). We identified this abnormality in 9 of 300 patients (3.0%, 95% CI: 1.4-5.6) in blood or bone marrow samples taken prior to starting therapy. Near-tetraploidy was detected by the presence of four signals with four or more fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes and confirmed in the metaphase karyotype of each patient in at least one cell. Near-tetraploidy was associated with aggressive disease characteristics including: Rai stage 3/4 (p=0.03), deletion 17p (p=0.03), and complex karyotype (p=0.01), as well as trisomy 12 (p=0.05). With a median follow-up time of 40.5 months, in patients positive with near-tetraploidy, one patient (11%) progressed with CLL on ibrutinib, six patients (67%) progressed with Richter9s transformation, and two patients (22%) were still on treatment. Cumulative incidence of Richter9s transformation was significantly higher in patients with near-tetraploidy (Figure; p Our results suggest that near-tetraploidy is a distinct biomarker to assess in patients initiating ibrutinib which would predict a high risk for Richter9s transformation. As a biomarker it will be important to confirm this association in a second independent data set as well as interrogate the distinct pathophysiology of this genomic subset of CLL. Disclosures Lozanski:Stemline Therapeutics Inc.: Research Funding; Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Beckman Coulter: Research Funding. Jones:Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Andritsos:Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation: Research Funding. Awan:Novartis Oncology: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Innate Pharma: Research Funding. Blum:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Woyach:Acerta: Research Funding; Morphosys: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding.


Classroom discipline is a complex and variable dynamic process, classroom problem behavior always leads classroom discipline problem that will affect teaching quality. The simulation on classroom discipline of multiagent system based on complex system theory uses dynamic simulation platform NetLogo. The result of simulation shows that this method can reproduce the dynamics of discipline behavior's three stages in ecological classroom. This simulation provides forceful support for the classroom discipline management of teachers.


Starvation for 48 hours followed by refeeding for 24 hours increased the incorporation of several C14-amino acids into the protein of isolated diaphragm. Amino acid incorporation was increased by r...


By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was first investigated experimentally determined complexes and phase characteristics of equilibrium points of the invariant three-phase triangles reciprocal systems of several Li,M || I,NO3 (M – Na, K, Rb). The compositions of eutectic (mol%) Li,Na || I,NO3: (E1) NaNO3 – 42,5%, NaI – 5,0%, LiNO3 – 52,5% with a melting point of 178 °C. Li,K || I,NO3 (E2) LiNO3 – 44,0%, KI – 2,0%, KNO3 – 54,0% (mol) with a melting point of 117°. Li, Rb || I, NO3: (E3) RbI – 13,25%, RbNO3 – 39,75%, LiNO3 – 47,0% with a melting point of 115 °C (E4) LiNO3 – 25,0%, RbNO3 – 70,0%, RbI – 5,0% with a melting point of 144 °C.


The interest for reducing the energy consumption in society has increased during the last decades due to an increased environmental awareness. One way to decrease the energy losses in the building sector is to improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes and installations and thereby decrease the heat losses.
This thesis analyzes two types of novel insulation with low thermal conductivity; aerogel blankets and vacuum insulation panels. The thesis aims to investigate the possible benefits from using these novel insulations, but also to evaluate new considerations related to the high insulation performance. The insulations have been tested in two applications:
1. A wooden stud wall with aerogel blankets as insulation
2. Hybrid insulated district heating pipes where aerogel blankets or vacuum insulation panels have been wrapped around the carrier pipe and polyurethane have been used to fill the rest of the casing pipe.
Thermal properties and moisture properties have been measured in laboratory by guarded heat flow meter, guarded hot pipe, transient plane source and wet cup method. District heating pipes with vacuum insulation panels have also been measured in field. The measured properties have been used in numerical simulations to evaluate the heat losses and the risk of moisture related damages for both applications.
The studies show promising results for aerogel blanket insulated walls where the wall thickness was reduced by 40 percent compared to a conventional Swedish wall. However, the effect on the moisture conditions from the thermal bridges through the studs has to be considered in order to avoid damages. For district heating pipes, the vacuum insulation panels showed the most promising results with a decrease in the heat losses by 15 to 25 percent depending on the dimensions of the pipe and the thickness of the vacuum insulation panels. In hybrid insulation double pipes with vacuum insulation, the position of the thermal bridges at the edges of the panel has a large impact on the total heat losses.
The thesis also examines some challenges when measuring the properties of the novel insulation. The thermal conductivity of aerogel blankets improves with an increased compression of the samples. The properties of the curved vacuum insulation panels used in the district heating pipes are difficult to measure since there is an impact from the thermal bridges along the edges, which might be influenced by surrounding materials.


In order to compare Industrial clusters' competitiveness which have same features among different regions,the paper try to combine the gray correlation analysis and the matter-element analysis together as one analytic means.Taking textile industry of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Shandong and Guangdong provinces,the paper uses the gray correlation analysis to quantify the influencing factors' grey relational or contribution to the cluster competitiveness.Using it as influencing factors' weights to clusters' competitiveness,the paper use matter-element analysis to evaluate the textile industry cluster' competitiveness mentioned above and its ranks.Then we can complete the comparative study.


A study concerning the relationship between physico-chemical water quality parameters and the diversity of aquatic insect larvae (Trichopteran) was conducted in Mae Tao and Mae Ku watersheds during February to December 2011. Seven sampling sites (MT1-MT5, MK2, MK8) were selected. A total of 3,442 trichopteran individuals belonging to 10 family and 18 genera were found. The family Hydropsychidae had the highest abundance, followed by Philopotamidae, Odontoceridae, and Leptoceridae, respectively. The Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, and Chimarra were the highest abundance genera in this study. The species diversity index (H') was the highest in MT1 (0.842) followed by MT4 (0.79), MT3 (0.765), MT2 (0.625), MT5 (0.611), MK2 (0.583), and MK8 was the lowest (0.352). The water and air temperature in MT1 was correlated with the genus Mystacide, Ceraclea, Leptocerus, Marilia and Anisocentropus. The water turbidity, nitrate-nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids and alkalinity in MT3, MT4, MK2 and MK8 were correlated with the genus Setodes, Goera, Helicopsyche and Orthrotrichia. The ammonia-nitrogen and sulphate in MT2 and MT5 were correlated with the genus Chimarra, Cheumatopsyche sp1, Cheumatopsyche sp2, Potamyia, Hydropsyche, Oecetis and Macrostemum. The orthophosphate was correlated with the genus Glossosoma and Diplectrona. Physico-chemical data and biological data revealed that mostly the surface water quality in Mae Tao watershed was within the Type III of The Surface Water Standard for Agriculture and Water Quality for Protection of Aquatic Resources. Further long-term studies should be done to understand better and predict the hydrological changes and population dynamics of the stream.


This paper investigates conceptually the institutional change process and innovation underpinning the knowledge-based regional development from the point of view of institutional entrepreneurship. The main aim is to raise institutional entrepreneurship among the debated concepts in regional development studies. The paper sets out to discuss the following question: What kind of conceptual base provides empirical studies with a fresh set of research questions and hence point of departure in a study of the ways in which actors influence the course of events and aim to change the very institutional setting in which they are embedded?


In this work, the integrated design of a sulphitation tower using model-based predictive control (MPC) techniques is performed. An innovative controllability analysis is introduced in the integrated framework considering state and output controllability metrics. The MPC optimization is speeded out using a Restricted Enumeration Technique. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization of the economical and control indices, which is solved using a real-coded genetic algorithm. A comparison is made between the simultaneous design and control methodology and the results of the automatic tuning of the MPC for the most economical plant design.


The search for a maximum of a response function is of great concern to experimenters in various disciplines. The ordinate and coordinate of the maximum are usually estimated through finding the local stationary point of the estimated response function regressed through the ordinary least squares procedure.However, despite the fact that the OLSEs are the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUE) for the polynomial coefficients, it is well known that those for the ordinate and coordinate are not BLUE.In search of an estimator which might perform better than OLSE, we present in this paper a linear estimator called LIME which minimizes an integrated mean-squared-error. Based on the statistical properties established for both OLSE and LIME, their relative performances are compared by both numerical evaluation and simulation


The properties of the interstellar gas in which the heating balances the cooling (the heat balance state) are investigated for the temperature range 30K<T<lO"K taking the abundance of heavy elements and the flux of low energy cosmic rays as parameters. The temperature and the pressure of the gas in a heat balance state are investigated as functio~s of the density for various values ·of these parameters, and it is found that the interstellar medium can take the so-called two-phase structure for wide ranges of these parameters, and then in almost all stages of the galactic evolution. The growth time of the thermal instability is investigated and found to be short enough to realize the two-phase structure except for the case of a very small flux of low energy cosmic rays with the ionization 'rate of hydrogen less than w-" sec- 1• The gas without heavy elements can also have a two-phase structure if more than 0.1 per cent of hydrogen are in molecular form. This may be significant for the star formation at very early stages of the galactic evolution. The phase transition between the two stable phases driven by variation of the flux of low energy cosmic ray~ is discussed and it is suggested that this phase transition controls the star formation in a galaxy.


We report Raman scattering results on single CdS/CdSe core–shell nanowires (NWs). Under resonance excitation, optical phonons of either the CdS core or the CdSe shell are selectively enhanced. Polarization-resolved Raman scattering reveals that a longitudinal optical phonon response shows a maximum when the incident laser polarization is parallel to the scattered polarization. Interestingly, an additional phonon mode is observed at 194 cm−1 when the scattered polarization is parallel to the NW long axis. We present evidence that this phonon response corresponds to the interface optical phonon localized at the core–shell interface.


Extensive comparisons have been conducted between experimental and theoretical results for the SHS combustion characteristics of a number of solid-solid systems. The heterogeneous flame propagation theory describes a premixed mode of bulk flame propagation supported by the nonpremixed reaction of dispersed nonmetal (or higher melting point metal) particles in the liquid metal, with finite-rate reaction at the particle surface and temperature-sensitive Arrhenius-type condensed-phase mass diffusivity. Systems examined are those of borides (TiB2, ZrB2, and HfB2) and intermetallic compounds (NiAl, TiCo, and TiNi). By using a consistent set of physico-chemical parameters for these systems, satisfactorily quantitative agreement is demonstrated for the effects of mixture ratio, degree of dilution, and particle size on the burning velocity. Experimental flammability limits are also predicted by the theory.


Decentralized cryptocurrencies feature the use of blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. Smart contracts are programs running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people make agreements while minimizing trusts. Millions of smart contracts have been deployed in various decentralized applications. The security vulnerabilities within those smart contracts pose significant threats to their applications. Indeed, many critical security vulnerabilities within smart contracts on Ethereum platform have caused huge financial losses to their users. In this work, we present ContractFuzzer, a novel fuzzer to test Ethereum smart contracts for security vulnerabilities. ContractFuzzer generates fuzzing inputs based on the ABI specifications of smart contracts, defines test oracles to detect security vulnerabilities, instruments the EVM to log smart contracts runtime behaviors, and analyzes these logs to report security vulnerabilities. Our fuzzing of 6991 smart contracts has flagged more than 459 vulnerabilities with high precision. In particular, our fuzzing tool successfully detects the vulnerability of the DAO contract that leads to $60 million loss and the vulnerabilities of Parity Wallet that have led to the loss of $30 million and the freezing of $150 million worth of Ether.


A detailed comparison of recording codes, using superposition, is used to show that there is little to choose between the popular ones, as regards maximum achievable data density. It is shown that relatively few general classifications are necessary to encompass all the codes, and that, within each classification, it is often possible to say which code is optimum. A guide to the selection of an efficient code for some common conditions of use is presented.


The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the capital structure of New Zealand firms influences their product-market performance in the period from 1984 to 2008. Our main findings are that the use of leverage by publicly listed New Zealand companies leads to an increase in relative-to-industry sales growth, but a decrease in relative-to-industry return on assets (ROA). We also conduct a reverse causality test by examining whether sales growth and ROA influence leverage. We find no evidence that sales growth has an impact on the use of debt, but significant evidence that ROA is negatively correlated with its use. Our results suggest that New Zealand firms use debt to compete more aggressively in their product markets, even though this strategy comes at a cost of lower relative-to-industry profitability. A possible explanation for this behavior is the more competitive trading environment that has developed in New Zealand over the last 25 years.


In Reply. —The letters by Dr Cocconi, Mr Klaff, and Dr Yun Ryo allow us to clarify some relevant issues and implications of our trial. Concern is expressed on the applicability of our results to the care of individual patients. We believe that the results of clinical trials should be the best guide to physician's behavior, and that no artificial conflict between them and clinical judgment should be promoted. However, there must be a hierarchy. If clinical judgment prevails over results of scientific research, the science of clinical medicine will suffer. Cocconi is concerned about the "universality" of our clinical conclusions. He fails to understand that the key reason prompting the trial was the need to put to scientific scrutiny the widespread belief that routine use of instrumental and laboratory tests (in otherwise asymptomatic patients) improves patients' outcomes. Unless one challenges the validity of our conclusions, it is unfair to


The study's objectives include phytochemical profiling and biological (antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic) analysis of pure chemicals from Jatropha pandurifolia stem bark ethyl acetate extract. Five different compounds including octacosanyl cis ferulate (1), hexacosyl (E)-ferulate (2) triacontyl ferulate (3), β-sitosterol (4) and stigmasterol (5) are elucidated. Their structures determine through 1HNMR analysis and comparison to published data, while three ferulic acid alkyl esters (1-3) were isolated for the first time from J. pandurifolia. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 all have significant thrombolytic potential with respective values of 68.92% ±1.17 (**P<0.01), 66.56% ±2.35 (**P<0.01) and 70.81%±0.98 (**P<0.01) with comparison to standard streptokinase (73.6%±0.76). When compared to BHT (6.82± 0.99 μg/ml) the IC50 (DPPH assay) values were 16.26±1.07 (**P<0.01), 14.12±1.23 (**P<0.01), and 13.16±1.70 μg/ml (**P<0.01). Comparing the three compounds to the reference vincristine sulphate (LC50: 0.52±0.18 μg/ml), of compound 1 (1.56±0.35 μg/ml) (**P<0.01), compound 2 (1.3±0.78 μg/ml) (**P<0.01) and compound 3 (1.29±0.33 μg/ml) (**P<0.01). The results can therefore be interpreted as a concept of isolated molecules having potential for application in additional pharmaceutical research.


Mivacurium chloride is the member of benzylisoquinolinium nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents currently available for use in the operating room or intensive care unit. Its advantages include the shortest-acting, nondepolarizing muscle relaxant and rapid metabolism by plasma cholinesterase. Because mivacurium has noncumulative pharmacodynamic properties, it is very well suited for administration by infusion. It should be found its place among the other available nondepolarizing relaxants that are widely used in anesthesia for day surgery. Because the drug has no potentially neurotoxic effects, it can be safely used in neurosurgery. This article reviews its physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Key words:
Nondepolarizing; Neuromuscular relaxants; Mivacurium chloride


Introduction It is known that superior high density recording characteristics can be obtained with perpendicular magnetic recording which uses a CoCr/NiFe perpendicular double-layer medium [1]. In order to obtain good recording/reproducing characteristics with perpendicular recording, it is necessary to make Co-Cr film with good perpendicular orientation and Ni-Fe film with high permeability. We have discovered a correlation between the Ni-Fe film B-H characteristics, the Co-Cr film perpendicular orientation and the recording density characteristics.


We present a case study on fault injection testing at the interface level between components of a distributed system. We give an introduction to the fault-injection technique and explain the motivation for using this method. We enumerate the research issues involved in the study and describe the methodology used to investigate them. Finally we discuss the conclusions reached and experiences gained as a result of this project. This exercise is likely to help in testing fault tolerant software systems and building tools for fault injection testing.


In this paper,extracting heme from yak blood was studied,and the optimum condition was determined by singly factor experiment.The result indicated the optimum extracting condition:the capacity of water,chloroform and acidic acetone,was 1,4 and 4 times as that of yak blood volume respectively,and the purity of yak blood heme reach 99.42% percent.yield coefficient is 8.18g/L.


Liaison psychiatry is the term used confusingly both for the whole field of psychiatric services to general hospitals and for one of the two styles within it; the other is the more traditional consultation style. At times, particularly in North America, the two styles of liaison psychiatry have polarized until they come to rival each other'. Such rivalry may reflect the stressful nature of a common task that has potential to induce tension between those who work within it. This is a familiar problem in psychiatry, best countered by ensuring well organized, cohesive and mutually supportive clinical practice. Nevertheless, for practical reasons either a consultation or a liaison style is usually adopted. There have been few previous comparisons of these styles2-4• This paper describes their common theoretical aims, examines the extent to which they are fulfilled by each style and the advantages and disadvantages of each. A liaison psychiatrist here refers to the doctor who provides the service in the general hospital, irrespective of the style used.


HJORTH-SIMONSEN, A. (1970). Fink-Heimer silver impregnation of degenerating axons and terminals in mounted cryostat sections of fresh and fixed brains. Stain Technology, 45, 199-204. MATTINGLY, D. (1962). A simple fluorimetric method for the estimation of free 11-hydroxycorticoids in human plasma. J. clin. Path., 15, 374-379. VAN RIEZEN, H., SCHNIEDEN, H. & WREN, A. (1977). Olfactory bulb ablation in the rat: behavioural changes and their reversal by antidepressant drugs. Br. J. Pharnac., (in press).


This study focuses on examining the relationship between corporate governance practices and the performance of agricultural co-operatives in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The primary objective is to address agency conflicts within co-operatives by investigating the extent to which corporate governance practices align the interests of co-operatives and their members. The research approach involved a document analysis using the bylaws and meeting minutes of 21 co-operatives, totaling 84 documents. The assessment of corporate governance levels was based on a comparison with the 40 recommendations proposed by the Brazilian Co-operatives Organization (OCB, 2016), categorized into five major areas.
The study is grounded in agency theory, particularly focusing on monitoring and incentives as key aspects. The findings reveal that the majority of recommended governance practices are concentrated in the "management board" area, while the co-operatives' most adopted practices are related to the "members and general assembly" dimension, which primarily involves monitoring efforts. However, when considering the full set of OCB's recommendations, only two were fully implemented by the co-operatives. These results indicate a low level of corporate governance in agricultural co-operatives in Mato Grosso do Sul.


From a public health perspective, health literacy (HL) refers to the capacities of people to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. On the basis of an integrative conceptual model, a questionnaire has been developed to measure HL in eight countries in Europe. The questionnaire distinguishes itself from existing measurement tools in its ability to address a broader concept of HL and allows for a standardized comparison of levels of HL between and within populations in Europe. The validation of the measurement tool, taking place in spring 2010, follows a sequential exploratory mixed method design by means of focus groups and a pilot study. The validation will take place in a multicultural context, and prioritizes social research and public health applications. The results of both the focus groups and the pilot study will be presented. Subsequent to the validation, survey data is collected through face-to-face interviews with n = 1000 people in each of the participating countries Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Data analysis takes place in autumn 2010 and results of the European Health Literacy Survey will be addressed. The empirical findings and comparative analysis help verifying and substantiating the concept of HL while taking national and cultural specificities into account.


This program is Application Transcrip Academic that is created using C
language. This program is using 2 dimension array as data structure and Sequential
Search algorithm for checking collision. The end of result this program are saving in a
text file. This application uses for displaying students scores in some formats there
are Student Transcript consist of academic report. The average of Great Point
Average of students from the same years in. The average of Great Point Avarage of
all student from the same years in.


This paper examines two of the ways by which working women resolve the competing demands of their household and employment roles. Using data from a large insurance company we first investigate the extent to which men and women take absence days or illness days for the purpose of attending to family obligations, presumably short-term crises. We examine how the pattern of illness day taking varies with age of the employee and with age of the youngest child. We next investigate terminations from the company, using logit and survival methods, and_asse_SS thfi Patent to vdiichgenHerxQIfcigilgeS in reason for departure _£§& be jitoib3ygdjj3j(jji£sa^^ between the responsibilities afyinrV anrl family Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Volume 10, pages 27-61. Copyright © 1991 by J AI Press Inc. AH rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 1-55938-403-4


Sign Language Recognition (SLR) aims at translating the sign language into text or speech, so as to realize the communication between deaf-mute people and ordinary people. This paper proposes a framework based on the Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) benefited from the utilization of the trajectories and hand-shape features of the original sign videos, respectively. First, we propose a new trajectory feature (enhanced shape context), which can capture the spatio-temporal information well. Second, we fetch the hand regions by Kinect mapping functions and describe each frame by HOG (pre-processed by PCA). Moreover, in order to optimize predictions, rather than fixing the number of hidden states for each sign model, we independently determine it through the variation of the hand shapes. As for recognition, we propose a combination method to fuse the probabilities of trajectory and hand shape. At last, we evaluate our approach with our self-building Kinect-based dataset and the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


The effects of different kinds of supplementary lighting or heating lamps on the yield, cut flower life, and leaf color of cut rose were compared and analyzed. For this purpose, light emitting diode lamp (LED), metal halide lamps (MH), and high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) as the supplementary lamps, and carbon fiber infrared lamp (NCFI) were installed on hydroponic cultivation bed in a cut rose farm. The yield of cut flower rose and the number of marketable flowers were greatly increased in spring and autumn by HPS treatment, but not in winter. The length of flower stalk was longer than that of control in the spring but decreased in winter. It seemed likely that the shorter flower stalk in winter was due to the shortened period of vegetative growth compared to the control because flowering was promoted by supplementary lighting. Vase life was not different among treatments in the autumn when the lighting time was short, but in winter, it was prolonged to 3 more days by only HPS, compared with the control. Leaf color was significantly affected by light treatment in winter rather than autumn. Leaf color was darkened in all supplementary lamps (LED, MH, HPS) treatment, whereas NCFI was similar to the control in leaf color. In conclusion, HPS is considered to be a very good supplementary lamp because it increases the length of flower stalk and the yield and prolongs vase life in cut roses. Even though NCFI could function as a heating lamp radiating a lot of heat, it was considered that the role as a supplementary light is unsatisfactory because the number of marketable flowers decreases and the quality index of cut rose deteriorates by NCFI. Additional key words : days to flowering, high-pressure sodium lamp, light source, nano-carbon fiber infrared lamp, Rosa hybrida 'Feel Lip'


Review of endocrine disrupting natural compounds and endocrine effects of pulp and paper mill and municipal sewage effluents Karl-Johan Lehtinen and Jukka Tana R eiew of nd orine d sru p ting natu al om p ou nd s nd nd orine eects of p u lp nd p ap er m ll nd m u nicip al ew ge efflu ents Review of endocrine disrupting natural compounds and endocrine effects of pulpand paper mill and municipal sewage effluents


Abstract This research examines the effects of extension mode (online to online vs. online to offline), web-brand concept (function oriented vs. experience oriented) and extension similarity (high vs. low) on consumer web-brand extension evaluations, attitude, perceived quality, and purchase intention of the extension brands. The analysis reveals two significant interaction effects: (1) the positive effect of brand extension similarity on consumer evaluations is stronger when the parent brand is function oriented compared to the experience-orientated ones; (2) the positive effect of brand extension similarity on consumer evaluations is more pronounced when the web-brands extend to offline markets rather than to online markets. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.


Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the adult kidney. A variety of proteins have been investigated for their use as prognostic tumor markers. At present, there are conflicting reports concerning HER2 expression in RCC. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of HER2 protein in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to determine the relationship between the tumor grading, staging and the type of the tumor. METHODS: The expression of HER2 in renal cell carcinoma was studied using immunohistochemical methods in paraffin-embedded specimens from 34 patients. Of these cases, 19 patients had clear cell carcinoma, 6 had chromophobe, 5 had papillary, and 4 had urothelial renal carcinoma. Nine of the patients had metastases (in regional lymph nodes and distants), 25 patients were without metastases. The membranous staining of HER2 was assessed as positive when the score was higher than 2 (0, 1 – negative, 2, 3 – positive), according to the well accepted scoring system for breast cancer. RESULTS: The results showed that there were varying degrees of HER2 expression in different RCC's histological types. The same changes in HER2 expression can be seen in the tumors with and without metastases. There was no significant association between HER2 overexpression and tumor stage, grade and the type of tumor. The results of the present study point out the necessity to discuss eventual beneficial effect of Herceptin therapy.


Report presenting an investigation of the F9F-4 airplane to evaluate a high-energy blowing boundary-layer-system in flight in order to improve the maximum lift characteristics of airplane wings. A high-energy blowing-boundary-layer control system was installed by the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation. A series of test flights were made to measure the lift and drag variations with changes in angle of attack for the flap and gear both up and down and for blowing on and off.


Abstract Adopting learning management systems to support teaching has become the norm in education field. Therefore, huge amount of data about the learning history of students has been accumulated. Educators, therefore, can use data mining techniques to evaluate students' learning performance. Fuzzy association rule mining is one of the techniques used to investigate the correlation between teaching means or students' characteristics and their performance. For instance, the rule Gender = Male∧Attendance = Low∧Final Report = Middle→Semester = Middle states that a student's semester grade is in Middle if his gender is male, attendance rate is Low, and final report score is Middle, where Middle and Low are predetermined linguistic terms given by educators. The information shown in this example reveals general and concise knowledge for educators, allowing them to adjust their teaching strategies and pedagogies. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have yet to assess changes by applying this type of rule in the education field. For example, say that the above rule became available in the last semester; however, is not a trend this semester, and has been substituted by "Gender = Female∧Attendance = High∧Final Report = Middle→Semester = Middle". Without updates in knowledge and belief, educators might adopt inappropriate teaching strategies and pedagogies for students who are learning in different time-periods. To deal with this problem, this study proposes a change mining model to detect changes in students' learning performance. We also carry out experiments to evaluate the proposed model. We empirically demonstrate how the model helps educators to understand the changing characteristics of students and to improve their teaching practice.


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of organic field effect transistor (OFET) as a DNA sensor. We have synthesized a functionalised terthiophene monomer 3-((2′:2′′,5′′:2′′′-terthiophene)-3′′-yl) acrylic acid (TAA) and has been successfully electrodeposited as an active layer of an OFET. The polymer was oxidised in order to increase its conductivity. A mobility of 0.25 cm/V.s was achieved with an oxidising potential of 0.9 V. A preliminary DNA sensing test was performed on the OFET with poly TAA as active layer and a shift in threshold voltage was observed after DNA immobilization and hybridization, showing its potential as DNA sensor.


We discuss the function wt(x) defined via the implicit equation wt(x)*tan[wt(x)]=x which appears in certain quantum mechanical and field theoretic applications. We investigate its analytic structure, develop series expansions for both small and large x, and provide various techniques for its numerical evaluation in the complex plane.


Myocardial reperfusion, be it by thrombolysis or by PCI, is the only intervention that has been shown to reliably decrease both infarct size and mortality. Decreasing the time to initiation of reperfusion treatment and improving the efficacy of recanalizing the occluded coronary artery have had major impact on both myocardial salvage and clinical outcome. In spite of the success of reperfusion therapy, myocardial infarction continues to be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The search for additional means of myocardial salvage therefore continues and a multitude of approaches have been tried. One concern is that reperfusion may actually also have deleterious effects,1 including microvascular injury, myocardial stunning, and arrhythmias; reperfusion in and of itself has been postulated to even cause myocyte death, although this remains a matter of controversy.1

Experimental evidence has suggested a number of possible treatments to diminish the effects of reperfusion injury, including antioxidants, agents to decrease blood viscosity, to improve perfusion, anti-inflammatory drugs, and strategies to reduce deleterious intracellular ion shifts, such as insulin–glucose–potassium, magnesium, or sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitors. Clinical trials have not consistently confirmed the usefulness of these approaches, and outcomes have overall been disappointing.

The agent that stands out as the most promising is adenosine, which appears to confer protection from ischaemic injury not only in experimental animal models, but also in preliminary clinical studies of myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and …

Corresponding author. Tel: +43 1 40400 4614; fax: +43 1 40400 4216. E-mail address : gerald.maurer{at}meduniwien.ac.at


Summary: Experimental evidence from animal models has suggested that bone reamings may enhance fracture healing, but data are limited and unconvincing. Clinical data supporting an osteogenic role for reaming products are mainly circumstantial. Reamed nailing is an established method of treating long bone nonunions and it has been suggested that reaming products play an important role. Recent studies on the use of reamed nails for tibial fractures have not shown significantly higher rates of union compared to unreamed models. The most recent experimental studies on reaming suggest it may greatly increase periosteal blood flow, which may also have a profound effect on fracture healing. The precise osteogenic role of bone reamings has therefore still to be clarified.


Region of interest extraction is crucial for both the finger vein recognition system and the finger vein based cryptography system. Accurate phalangeal joint reference line detection is a key step in many ROI extraction methods for finger vein images and the position of the reference line is usually detected by a sliding line or rectangle window. Initiated by the brighter irregular shape of the finger joint region, an ellipse sliding window is used in our proposed method. In order to find out the most suitable ellipse window, a series of ellipse windows with different width is studied in our experiment. Based on our proposed contour similarity distance evaluation method, the performances of finger joint reference line detection by various ellipse windows are evaluated. And the experimental results show that the ellipse whose ratio of width to height is 0.85 has the best overall performance.


This article deals with a nonlinear analysis of the detail of the dapped-end beam, the design of which in practice usually employs the design procedures based on the strut-and-tie method. The article is a follow-up to the contribution released in 2014 which presented the experiment carried out with a view to verify the design procedure and to the study showing the influence of the used amount of vertical and inclined hanger reinforcement on the bearing capacity and behaviour of the detail under load. The experiment also included the tests of material properties performed on the used concrete. Along with the inspection certificates issued for the used reinforcement, these tests served as a basis for the nonlinear finite element analysis by the ATENA software. This article presents and compares the results of the aforementioned analysis and experiment.


Abstract A microsomal membrane fraction was prepared from barley roots which were treated with and without 1 mM AICl3. Plasma membrane was dominant in the fraction based on the inhibitor experiment of ATPase activity. ATPase activity of the microsomal membrane fraction decreased after treatment of roots with aluminum. The microsomal membrane fraction was fractionated on a continuous density gradient of sucrose, and the amount of Ca2+ and aluminum associated with the membrane was investigated. The ATPase activity of roots treated with 1 mol m-3 AlCl3 for 5 d decreased to 55.3% of that of the control sample. The amount of Ca2+ associated with the membrane of the Al-treated sample was approximately half as large as that of the control, while substantial binding of Al to the membrane was observed in the sample prepared from the aluminum-treated roots. The K m values for ATP of the fractionated ATPase was 0.45 mol m-3 in both the aluminum-treated and control sample while V max was smaller in the Al-treated sam...


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possiblemechanism of sedative-hypnotic action of Wuweiziningshen oral liquid (WOL) by determining the contents of GABA and Glu in brain. METHODS: Contents of GABA和Glu were examined by Automatic Analyzer for Amino Acid. RESULTS: Contents of GABA and GABA-Glu ratio were increased. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the content of GABA and GABA-Glu ratio may be one of the mechanisms by which WOL exerts sedation and hypnosis.


Image segmentation serves as a critical tool across a range of applications, encompassing autonomous driving's pedestrian detection and pre-operative tumor delineation in the medical sector. Among these applications, we focus on the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP), a significant initiative aimed at creating detailed cellular maps of the human body. In this study, we concentrate on segmenting various microvascular structures in human kidneys, utilizing 2D Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained histology images. Our methodology begins with a foundational FastAI U-Net model, upon which we investigate alternative backbone architectures, delve into deeper models, and experiment with Feature Pyramid Networks. We rigorously evaluate these varied approaches by benchmarking their performance against our baseline U-Net model. This study thus offers a comprehensive exploration of cutting-edge segmentation techniques, providing valuable insights for future research in the field.


In this paper we further develop the POSIX disambiguation algorithm by Okui and Suzuki. We extend its theoretical foundations on a few important practical cases and introduce numerous performance improvements. Our algorithm works in worst-case O(nm2 t) time and O(m2) space, where n is the length of input, m is the size of the regular expressionwith bounded repetition expanded and t is the number of capturing groups and subexpressions that contain groups. Benchmarks show that in practice our algorithm is ~5x slower than leftmost-greedy matching. We present a lazy version of the algorithm that is much faster, but requires memory proportional to the size of input. We study other NFA-based algorithms and show that the Kuklewicz algorithm is slower in practice, and the backward matching algorithm by Cox is incorrect.


In the 1620s, France and the Habsbourg fought fiercely for the supremacy of the northern Italy, especially in the Grisons-Valtellina area and the duchy of Mantova-Monferrato. The animosity and military conflict between these two powers were not completely new at that time. But these wars could hardly be explained as an extension of the traditional animosity of 16th century. Beyond the pre-modern dynastic war seeking territorial expansion, they strongly revealed a kind of political modernity pursuing a rational state interest and proper strategy. These wars broken out when the fiscal-military states of France and Spain were in formation appear as a part of a series of conflict inter-states. But at the same time, they revealed the characteristics of modern politics and diplomacy in the application of war as instrument. In this perspective, this study considers the nature of European international relation in 1620~1630's and the sinew of the political conflict inside the French royal court, in which the warfare in Valtellina and Mantova, between Bourbon's France and Habsbourg's Spain, formed a nucleus. So this study has the explanation of the nature and historical significance of these wars as purpose. In terms of political history, these wars cut by multiple dynastic and religious interests would be an excellent example of Clausewitz's thesis of war as an instrument of politics. The Richelieu's political stance and his Reason of state demonstrate how to use multiple interests and warfare as instrument to realize the best profit for the state.


In this paper we present the design of FolkMusic, a mobile peer-to-peer entertainment system. The work reported in this paper builds on the current trends towards: 1) edutainment software, 2) increase in use of peer-to-peer technologies, and, 3) the current trend towards mobile computing solutions. Further on, the research reported in this paper builds on prior research on "folk computing" for which mobile ad-hoc peer-to-peer solutions are a focal concern. Overall, this paper contributes to research on MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) and peer-to-peer (P2P) computing by illustrating how mobile peer-to-peer technologies can be applied to both the area of entertainment as well as for educational purposes. Further on, the FolkMusic system contributes to current technical efforts made on ad-hoc networks by providing a good example of how Internet technologies and similar stationary and stable infrastructures can be combined with highly dynamic and wireless networks.


Cultural diversity in society, the workplace and classrooms in Australia is a fact of life. The multi-cultural classroom provides an opportunity for students from different cultures to bring their enormous range of experiences, knowledge, perspectives and insights to the learning – if the process is enabled. This is not always easy to do. This paper outlines part of a one year project which will draw on the literature, interviews with teaching staff and focus groups of 'best practice' teachers, to present some practical strategies for the effective teaching of business disciplines. The student perspective will be incorporated in the next stage of the project. A number of assumptions underpin the research and the development of this paper. • Australian classes use Western teaching and learning strategies that focus on critical analysis, oral discussion, problem solving and the possibility of multiple solutions. • The classes are made up of students from a wide number of cultures, including English speaking Australians. • Many of the students have a language other than English as their mother tongue. • Organisations around the world, and therefore students, work in increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse work places and many will operate internationally. The capacity to work with people who are different is important for all students to learn. "You learn from foreigners that there is more than one path to a goal. Effective wealth creation demands that we use all the paths available to us " (Hampden-Turner & Trompenaaars, 1993:16, cited in Sinclair and Wilson 1999:27) • Teaching practices that assist the learning of international students will in fact be of benefit to all students. The paper identifies a number of issues related to effective teaching in multi cultural business classrooms at universities, it addresses the potential barriers to effective learning, the challenges to teachers and offers a range of strategies that have been demonstrated to improve teaching and learning in this context and outlines the processes for building on current knowledge to improve the quality of teaching in multicultural classrooms. Dr Carol Dalglish Brisbane Graduate School of Business Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 Brisbane 4001 Australia Tel: 61 7 3864 5304 Fax: 61 7 3864 1299 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


This document analyzes the behavior of the Argentine movie audience to understand: if movie critics serve to predict a movie's performance (level of audience) and which other factors (Oscar nomination, genre, seasonality, etc) are key to explain movie audience. The analysis shows that in the case of the Argentina there is a positive correlation between critics and the level of audience, that the argentine movie audience prefers non-dramatic films (especially animated ones), and is higher in the months of June-July and DecemberJanuary.


Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticoids on pulmonary oxygenation function and Short-term prognosis Of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP)in patients with AIDS.Methods 58 PCP patients with AIDS from 2005 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Oxygenation index(OI)was considered as marker of Glucocorticoids therapeutic effects.The therapeutic effects of Glucocorticoids were analyzed by analysis of variance.Results Glucocorticoids were used in 74.1%(43/58)of PCP with AIDS cases.All the case's OI have significantly increased after glucocorticoids treatment,there was no significant difference between the groups had application indication and the groups without application indication.The OI difference before and after glucocorticoids treatment was decreased with the increasing OI before treatment.There was no glucocorticoids-related serious adverse reactions were observed.Conclusion The PCP patients with AIDS could obtain pulmonary symptoms and function improvements with appropriate glucocorticoids treatment,especially for those OI less than 300 mm Hg before treatment.


The Cerrado biome takes up the Brazilian Central Plateau and it's characterized by to present a vegetation mosaic from varying physiognomies. The study had for objective to identify and to describe the pattern of spatial distribution of Jatoba's individuals and it's to use as powerful tool for environmental education and ecology teaching practice actions. The "T-square" distance method was used to identify the spatial structure from individuals in two age class: young and adult. The population presented aggregated distribution as for young as for adult individuals. This is due to environmental differences in the place, seed dispersion and at energy production and resources available. The studies about spatial distribution of tree populations can be used not only to know the Cerrado species and it's interactions, but too as powerful tool for practices educations actions, with sense as to environmental education as from ecology teaching in the various teaching level. When contextualized, these educations actions take at analysis and learning of unknown from sceneries and environments well-know on, as well as to promote greater understanding, environmental conscientiousness and sensitizing of society for the environmental preservation and destruction causes.


New multilayer permalloy materials with thin separation layers that have significantly increased M‐R coefficients at room temperature have the potential for substantially increasing both the speed and density of M‐R memories. An analysis in the following discussion shows that the bit density at a given performance level is related to the product of M‐R response and sheet resistivity when operating at the current‐density limit. With a doubling of both sheet resistivity and M‐R response over existing materials, the bit area can be reduced by about a factor of 4. Alternatively, if the bit area is kept the same, signal output is increased by a factor of 4 and circuit time constants can be reduced by a factor of 16.