We present the energy-dependent rates of ionization and recombination of energetic Fe ions in solar coronal plasma for the energy range from 0.01 to above 100 MeV nucleon −1. For the> 0.1 MeV n−1 ions, the energy dependencies become essential for both ionization and recombination processes. Ionization of the Fe projectile by ambient protons is important if the Fe energy exceeds typically 0.2–0.9 MeV n−1. The equilibrium distributions established by the balance between ionization and recombination collisions are calculated for the temperature rangeT = 106–107 K. We also present numerical calculations of the time-dependent (nonequilibrium) mean charge state at a given energy of the Fe ion. The results are relevant for the interpretation of charge states of the solar energetic ions. Our calculations support the qualitative conclusion that the observed energy-dependent Fe charge states are a result of concurrent acceleration and charge-changing processes. However, the estimated time scales of the processes are shorter than would be expected based on the energy-independent (thermal) chargechanging rates with no proton impact ionization included. The ∼ 30 MeV n−1 Fe charge state observed in the 6–9 November 1997 event and our calculations suggest that the ∼ 30 MeV n−1 ions were accelerated mainly near the Sun, at heliocentric distances< 2R .


In The Ideas and Practices of the European Union's Structural Antidiplomacy , Steffen Bay Rasmussen offers a comprehensive analysis of the different facets of EU diplomacy, arguing that it constitutes a unique form of international agency called structural antidiplomacy.


We study the presence in the Lozi map of a type of abrupt order-to-order and order-to-chaos transitions which are mediated by an attractor made of a continuum of neutrally stable limit cycles, all with the same period.


ABSTRACT Emulsion polymerizations of acetylenics have largely advanced in recent years for preparing polymer nanoparticles and emulsions thereof. This article presents a review on polyacetylene-derived nanoparticles with emphasis on the preparation of optically active helical polymer particles through emulsion polymerization processes. Chiral polymer nanoparticles obtained by emulsion polymerization techniques are classified into four main groups: nanoparticles, core/shell nanoparticles, hollow particles, and hybrid materials consisting of nanoparticles of the kind. Helix-sense-selective emulsion polymerizations are equally highlighted. Perspectives on the novel chiral polymer particles are also provided. This review article is expected to inspire more interest in advanced chiral polymeric nanoparticles.


As heterogeneous multicore systems become a standard in computing devices, there is an increasing need for intelligent and adaptive resource allocation schemes to achieve a balance between performance and energy consumption. To support this growing need, researchers have explored a plethora of techniques to guide OS scheduling policies, including machine learning, statistical regression and custom heuristics. Such techniques have been enabled by the abundance of low-level performance counters, and have proven effective in characterizing applications as well as predicting power and performance. However, most works require and develop custom infrastructures. In this paper we present LUSH, a Lightweight Framework for User-level Scheduling in Heterogeneous Multicores that allows for users to develop their own customized scheduling policies, without requiring root privileges. LUSH contributes the following to the state-of-the-art: (1) a mechanism for monitoring application runtime behavior using performance counters, (2) a mechanism for exporting kernel data to user-level at a user-defined period; and (3) a parameterized and flexible interface for developing, deploying, and evaluating novel algorithms applied to OS scheduling policies. The framework presented in this paper serves as a foundation for exploring advanced and intelligent techniques for resource management in heterogeneous systems.


This paper investigates instances of Sobolev embeddings characterized by local compactness at every point within their domain, except for a single point. We obtain the sharp conditions that distinguish compactness from non-compactness and observe that in the context of Sobolev embeddings, non-compactness occurring at only one point within the domain could give rise to an infinite-dimensional subspace where the embedding is invertible (i.e., not strictly singular). Furthermore, we establish lower bounds for the Bernstein numbers, entropy numbers, and the measure of non-compactness.


This retrospective study examined the tolerance of enteral nutrition in 32 of 67 consecutive, neurosurgical patients placed into pentobarbital-induced coma for intractable intracranial hypertension. Patients who had received at least 4 days of enteral nutrition were included. Patients with 500 ml watery stool for 2 days, abdominal distention, or duodenal-gastric reflux) was observed in 3 of 32 patients. The patients received daily, on average, 92% ± 24% calories of their measured energy expenditure. This study demonstrates that patients placed into barbiturate coma can be successfully fed by the enteral route.


Three new oxaphenalenone dimers, bacillosporins A-C, and one known xanthone carboxylic acid, pinselin, were isolated from a fungus, Talaromyces bacillosporus. Bacillosporin A (1) is an acetyl derivative of B (2). Bacillosporin A was transformed to xenoclauxin (5), a known oxaphenalenone dimer, by 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) oxidation. The hemiketal structure of bacillosporin C (7) was proposed on the basis of the spectral data for the compound itself and the hydrogenolysis product (9).


A study of the prepolished surface of γ-TiAl specimens superplastically deformed in tension showed evidence of macroscopic surfaces at which grain boundary sliding occurs. In a scanning electron microscope these surfaces are observed as black bands on the deformed surface because of the difference in the appearance of these bands and grain regions situated in between these bands. It has been suggested that cooperative grain boundary sliding, i.e., sliding of grain groups, occurs during superplastic deformation, giving rise to these bands.


Zhang Meng's masterpiece "The Piano in a Factory" makes the audience and the heroes achieve the identity in a high degree by single linear narrative structure,the hero core viewpoints;Through diverse-style "music in the drama",and "non-plot music",draws the audience's feelings orientation,involved in the audience aesthetic judgment of the image;In addition, the film,through translation,the use of lens,clever composition of a picture,conveys the film's narrative ethics,and expresses the creator's of honor of the industrial age and praise of collectivism.


This essay brings together architectural discourse and literary studies to consider alternative possibilities within our understanding of Cold War politics. It examines poems that figure Mies van der Rohe's Seagram Building as important to a radical politics and experimentalism in Frank O'Hara's early poetry. The figured Seagram Building – steeped in architectural modernist ideologies and nationalist corporate interests – works to open the possibility for a new ethics of encounter within midtown New York City. Deriving a connection between O'Hara's 'I do this I do that poems' and the politics of architectural space shows the need for O'Hara's poems to be resituated. They are not poems that chronicle the city, but rather should be read as akin to contemporaneous event scores and happenings. Like Fluxus scores, this poetry problematises the difference between hermeneutics and enactment as it critiques dominant modernist notions of 'reading poetry' in general.


Recently, human ecological research has made increasing use of causal modeling in the attempt to understand aggregate-level social processes. This approach has great appeal because it helps make hypotheses explicit, provides a convenient way of structuring the application of statistical controls, allows the representation of complexity in the relations among variables, and, if strong assumptions are plausible, makes possible weak probes of causal hypotheses using only correlational evidence. The present report critically ex amines the usefulness of the path analytic approach in human ecology by exploring the rate of high school crimes reported to the police and providing some tests of the plausibility of the assumptions underlying the research strategy. It is concluded that, in this and similar studies, confidence in the interpretation of results is difficult to achieve. Alternative approaches may be more fruitful and merit the attention of research policy makers.


WSN for fire source position of spontaneous combustion in coal mine is designed.The design principles of sensor node are discussed.The emphases are put on sensor nodes structure and communication protocol.The position system consists of MSP430 CPU,CC2420 RF chip and DZW-T1 temperature sensor.Multi-path load balancing protocol and S-MAC protocol are used in network layer and data link layer respectively.Compared with traditional monitoring system,WSN is more suitable for colliery security system because of flexibility,extensibility and exact data.The study developed technology of positioning fire source of coal spontaneous combustion.


Home to over 7 million people, Dhaka is a challenge for water supply providers. The Dhaka water supply and sewerage authority (DWASA) treats and distributes 900 mld of water, using 239 deep tube wells and a century-old surface treatment plant. Yet this can meet only 60 percent of the city's daily water needs and this shortfall is increasing with the rapid growth of the megapolis. The challenge of shortage is compounded by problems in the transmission network, intermittent supply, leakage, pilferage and wastage wreak much damage and the unaccounted for water is estimated to be a staggering 50 percent. The old part of the city with 60 percent of Dhaka's population suffers an additional problem. The water that does flow from taps in this area is unfit for consumption. The labyrinth of narrow winding lanes and by lanes in this densely populated area makes maintenance of the distribution network of pipes virtually impossible. This bleak situation sparked off an idea that is remarkably simple and equally effective Tiash water supply distributes 9000 liters' of potable water to some 1500 consumers in the old part of Dhaka everyday. A shop-cum-holding area stocks water in durable plastic containers for sale and delivery to clients. Delivery personnel in rickshaw carts and on foot do the rounds of the narrow serpentine alleys in the morning to deposit a pre-determine quantity at each stop. This creates great cause for concern since many residents are of the opinion that river water is not adequately treated and people attempt home based purification such as boiling sedimentation and even the addition of mild antiseptic or disinfectant. Those who can, buy bottled water before consumption and hope for the best.


This paper presents a method to approximate the Jacobian condition number based on computational intelligence methods by training a fuzzy system. To start with, a brief overview of the concept of robotic isotropy and the use of Jacobian norms to characterize the dexterity of a robot is presented. Then, the computational cost of the condition number is shown for both the l2-norm and the Frobenius norm. A fuzzy system is then trained with an input of the robot's configuration and an output of the condition number. The calculation of the output of a fuzzy system is a simple task, with a computational cost depending to the number of rules and membership functions. The success of the method is examined and the results are presented. Lastly, topics for further research are discussed as well as examples for the use of this method.


Objective:To research the curative effect of letrozole in treatment of endometrial carcinoma by observing the changes of growth size of transplantable tumor,the changes of PTEN and Ki67 after establishing rat models of transplantable tumor by planting human endometrial carcinoma cell strain RL-952(positive estrogen receptor and progestogen receptor) into BALB/c female nude rats.Methods:Human endometrial carcinoma RL-952 cells at logarithmic growth phase were planted into nude rats to establish rat models of transplantable tumor,the rates were treated with letrozole,megestrol,letrozole combined with megestrol and normal saline,respectively;the effects of different drugs on the growth of transplantable tumor were compared.Results:The decrease extent of size of transplantable tumor in letrozole group after treatment was significantly lower than those in megestrol group and blank control group,but there was no significant difference in decrease extent of size of transplantable tumor between letrozole group and letrozole combined with megestrol group.The expression rates of PTEN in letrozole group,megestrol group and letrozole combined with megestrol group were significantly higher than that in blank control group,but there was no significant difference in expression rate of Ki-67 among the four groups.Conclusion:Letrozole inhibits transplantable tumor of endometrial carcinoma obviously,and its curative effect is superior to that of megestrol.


In an article published a number of years ago ('The paper city: women, writing and experience'), poet and critic Helen Kidd speaks about a variety of feminist poetics "based on observations of how women interact together and how, in conversation, threads are dropped, picked up again, sentences unfinished and then reformulated later on", which are derived from those "creatively used moments which women find for themselves feeding babies at dawn, between flights of stairs at dusk .... or all the other varieties of making that accompany domestic moments... ." This is, in my opinion, a useful prism through which to begin viewing to the poetry of Joan Metelerkamp. Even as her style does shift and evolve between collections, such a constant weaving of themes and shuttling between connections can be seen in the shifting patterns and reiterations in her poems. These interweavings are sometimes fraught, sometime radiant, but always ineluctable. The subject matter of individual poems may sometimes make this more obvious, as in the poem 'Giving away' in this collection; where the actual task of sewing is described in minute particulars.


Design a nd Simulation of Audio Amplifier in analog circuit is a typical integrated design topic. In this paper,we take a typical kind of audio amplifier as an example,and use Multisim as the design platform,and introduce the design principle,assembled methods of Audio Amplifier,and make simulation with the virtual oscilloscope,multimeter,components and AC analysis method. The results show that the method by practical application?has the advantages of high efficiency,low cost,strong feasibility.


We begin with two defining moments, two occasions when romanticism took form. The first, in 1816: Coleridge, at long last, published "Kubla Khan," the poem he had written nearly twenty years earlier. To introduce it to the public, he told a story about how a new land arose in his imagination. A book of travels in his lap, he took an "anodyne" and promptly fell asleep. Under the influence of Purchas's prose and Indian opium, he created a virtual world, "in which all the images rose up before him as things" (Coleridge, Poetical Works 1: 296). It was an exotic world, a strange place in which reality and dream, physical and visionary geographies met and blended. Drugs, it seems, had released in Coleridge the ability to imagine the Oriental regions to which Purchas's travel narrative had been leading him as spaces of the mind. His Xanadu was the final destination of a journey not to China but to the remotest realms of the self. "Kubla Khan," the poem, was the journal retrieved from the expedition, the travel narrative broken off when the person from Porlock interrupted its transmission from the inmost recess. The second occasion: 1818; a group of Coleridge's friends and admirers met for dinner. Wordsworth, Lamb, Haydon, and Keats, sitting in one London room, represented the past, present, and future of Romanticism. With them that evening was a quiet young man—a prospective explorer, not of new fields of poetry but of lands that were only tantalizing blanks on the map. Joseph Ritchie was preparing to travel to central Africa—the region brought sensationally to Western eyes in 1799 by the words of Mungo Park. Since then, many had gone to their graves following in Park's footsteps, fascinated by his tales of deserts, mountains, tribal peoples, and the fabled gold of Timbuktu. The assembled Romantics drank Ritchie's health, knowing he would most likely never return. And one of them had a particular request: as if reversing the imaginative route outlined in "Kubla Khan," Keats asked Ritchie to take with him a copy of Endymion. Ritchie agreed, and wrote in December 1818: "Endymion has arrived thus far on his way to the Desart, and when you are sitting over


AbstractIn the search to create and maintain an ideal public image, the big time companies in the United States evolved a sweet talking, understanding, clever, public conscious man with skill, knowledge, initiative, drive, personality talents and loyalty. They called him the Public Relations man. That was long ago. Today PR has come a long way — with combination of multiple specialities. At the same time, it has mushroomed in every little enterprise from pin production to motel running. The grim result is confusion among the profession. K. C. Arun, a renowned PR consultant explains the code of conduct and sets guidelines for the PR people.


Significance In this short paper, a detailed investigation is made of one of the leading suggestions for O–O bond formation in photosystem II. The mechanism studied is a nucleophilic attack by a water molecule on an oxyl group in the oxygen-evolving complex. The calculations show quite clearly that this type of mechanism is not possible in this case. Two different types of mechanisms are at present suggested for the O–O bond-formation step in photosystem II. The first one is a coupling between an oxyl radical and a bridging oxo. The second one is a nucleophilic water attack on a terminal oxo (or oxyl) group. In the present short paper, the six most reasonable versions of the latter mechanism have been studied and compared with the oxo-oxyl mechanism. The barriers are found to be much too high for the water attack, and that mechanism can therefore safely be ruled out. The reason is that the protonated peroxide product is always very high in energy.


INTRODUCTION 3D preoperative planning software for anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA and RTSA) provides additional insight for surgeons regarding implant selection and placemen...


We studied a group of 60 patients, undergoing day hospital operations. Neuromuscular blockade was obtained with atracurium besilatum; we made a spirometric evaluation at recovery of respiration at the end of surgeons. The comparison between actual and theoretical values shows that atracurium is a good drug for anaesthesia in day hospital surgery.


The gauge-invariant method of London is used to solve the molecular orbital (MO) equations in a square planar slab, with one electron per site, in a perpendicular magnetic field. Pair currents appear because of the degeneracy and incomplete filling of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). This type of electronic structure may alternatively result in an antiferromagnetic (AF) state or a charge density wave (CDW) state. The CDW state has alternating oxidation states which are different in two units, for example, in BaBiO3, where the valence state of Bi is alternating between +3 and +5, depending on whether the Bi6s2 electron pair is present at the site. The AF state, on the other hand, appears if only the middle valence state is stable. It is shown here that appearance of electron pair currents requires that all three oxidation states are at about the same total energy. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 75: 543–548, 1999


The audit profession plays a very important role in curbing the black market,
reduce tax avoidance, in addition to ensuring the supply of essential therefore
to ensure audit quality as well. The provisions of the Directive 2014/56 / EU,
according to evaluate the work of the auditors responsible for public oversight. An
audit quality control must always be based on risk, investors must be proportionate
to the risk and the size of orders. Considered to be a risk factor for low commission
fee, which might carry deterioration in the quality of the audit, but not a sufficient depth of knowledge of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and other international accounting standards (IAS) also means a serious threat. Our study - beyond the domestic audit position report - summarizing the results of international research which related to the rotation of audit, as well as show the way of the fundamental objective of our research: to measure the quality of the audit and setting up our own model.


Thirty-two compact radio sources have both a redshift z and an internal proper motion, mu, measured with VLBI. These two observables are anticorrelated. There is a rough upper limit to mu(z) which falls much faster than 1/(1 + z), the function which describes the limiting proper motion in a simple model in which quasars are all at the same distance, and their various values of z reflect their peculiar valocities. Thus redshift is a measure of distance, unless there is a strong anticorrelation between z and the linear velocity of the VLBI components. Friedmann cosmology describes the upper limit, and a relativistic beam model gives gamma of about 9-18 for the Lorentz factor of the moving components, for H(0) = 100-50 km/s Mpc. In this model most of the sources are aimed close to the line of sight, and Doppler boosting is probably responsible for this selection effect. Relativistic shells expanding into dipole fields do not match the data, unless the Hubble constant is allowed to assume extreme values. Chronometric cosmology does not appear to describe the upper limit to the observed proper motions. 42 references.


The Virgin Spring area borders Death Valley at its southeast corner. It was originally mapped and described by Noble (1941). He encountered a unique structural phenomenon which he carefully described and named the Amargosa chaos. He also pointed out that this anomalous feature was not confined to the Virgin Spring area but occurred throughout an extensive northwest-trending belt at least 150 miles long and 75 miles wide, with the Virgin Spring area near the center. The origin of chaos features would thus seem to have an important bearing on the geology of this whole region.


We show FIXP-hardness of computing equilibria in Arrow-Debreu exchange markets under Leontief utility functions, and Arrow-Debreu markets under linear utility functions and Leontief production sets, thereby settling these open questions (Vazirani and Yannakakis, 2009). As corollaries, we obtain FIXP-hardness for piecewise-linear concave (PLC) utilities and for Arrow-Debreu markets under linear utility functions and polyhedral production sets. In all cases, as required under FIXP, the set of instances mapped onto will admit equilibria, i.e., will be "yes" instances. If all instances are under consideration, then in all cases we prove that the problem of deciding if a given instance admits an equilibrium is ETR-complete, where ETR is the class Existential Theory of Reals.
As a consequence of the results stated above, and the fact that membership in FIXP has been established for PLC utilities, the entire computational difficulty of Arrow-Debreu markets under PLC utility functions lies in the Leontief utility subcase. This is perhaps the most unexpected aspect of our result, since Leontief utilities are meant for the case that goods are perfect complements, whereas PLC utilities are very general, capturing not only the cases when goods are complements and substitutes, but also arbitrary combinations of these and much more.
The main technical part of our result is the following reduction: Given a set 'S' of simultaneous multivariate polynomial equations in which the variables are constrained to be in a closed bounded region in the positive orthant, we construct a Leontief exchange market 'M' which has one good corresponding to each variable in 'S'. We prove that the equilibria of 'M', when projected onto prices of these latter goods, are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of solutions of the polynomials. This reduction is related to a classic result of Sonnenschein (1972-73).


In order to solve the problem of self-energy supply of vehicle-mounted micro-sensors, bridge detection and some other low-power electronic devices in their working state, a vortex-induced flutter composite nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester (VFPEH) with symmetrical airfoils on both sides of a cylindrical bluff body is designed. The VFPEH consists of a cantilever beam, a cylindrical bluff body connected to the free end of the cantilever beam, and two airfoil components symmetrically fixed at both ends of the shaft, which enables coupling between vortex-induced vibration and flutter. The airfoil symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cylindrical bluff body induces the cantilever beam to produce bending and torsional composite vibrations at high wind velocities, realizing energy harvest in the two degrees of freedom motion direction, which can effectively improve the output power of the energy harvester. Based on a wind tunnel experimental platform, the effect of key parameters matching impedance and the diameter of the cylindrical bluff body on the output performance of the VFPEH is investigated, together with the output performance of the classical vortex-induced energy harvester (VEH), the flutter energy harvester (FEH) and the VFPEH. The experimental results show that for the VFPEH under a combination of vortex-induced vibrations and flutter vibrations has a better output performance than the VEH and the FEH when using the same size. The coupling of vortex-induced vibration and flutter can reduce the start-up wind velocity of the VFPEH and expand the wind velocity range of the high output power of the VFPEH. The VFPEH has a better output performance at the cylindrical bluff body diameter of 30 mm and a load resistance of 140 kΩ. When the wind velocity range is 2 m/s–15 m/s, the maximum output power of the VFPEH is 6.47 mW, which is 129.4 times and 24.9 times of the maximum output power of the VEH (0.05 mW) and FEH (0.26 mW), respectively.


The emergence of voice biometrics has revolutionized user authentication methods by delivering enhanced security and convenience, steadily replacing less secure authentication techniques. However, the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems remained vulnerable to spoofing attacks, especially artificial speech attacks. This is because artificial speech can be generated rapidly and in abundance using state-of-the-art speech synthesis and voice conversion algorithms. Recently, a one-class learning-based countermeasure known as the AIR-ASVspoof was introduced for artificial speech detection, which has proven to be the best-performing non-fusion system. As AIR-ASVspoof focuses solely on the bona fide class as the target in artificial speech detection, its practicality in a real-world environment may be restricted. The reason for this limitation lies in the fact that bona fide speech can be recorded in different environments, thereby increasing the risk of encountering false negatives. Hence, this paper proposes a hybrid approach to mitigate the issue, named Hybrid AIR-ASVspoof (HAIR-ASVspoof), by hybridizing end-to-end learning and classic machine learning. In this approach, deep features will be extracted from the dataset using the trained AIR-ASVspoof model and classified using a classic machine learning model such as Support Vector Machine (SVM). The objectives are: (i) to extract deep features using the AIR-ASVspoof; and (ii) to compare the performance of the AIR-ASVspoof and the proposed hybrid approach. An experiment was conducted to find the appropriate backend classifier for the proposed hybrid approach. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperformed the original AIR-ASVspoof, with an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.57%.


had, by the 1991 publication date, been printed in other books. Additionally disturbing was the lack of an index to help scholars locate useful information for their own studies. In short, A spacefaring nation has some new, insightful chapters interspersed with those that many scholars have seen before. For people wishing a quick survey of some of the major themes of space history, however, the book is a good choice.


Sustainable Development Issues in Hydropower Planning.- Social Catchments of Hydropower.- Hydropower and Regional Development for Poverty Reduction.- Decentralisation and a Rights Approach in Hydropower Development.- Hydropower Implementation Performance for Sustainable Development.


The main purpose of this study was to determine the chemicals contained in the culled laying hens meat and the level of acidity (pH) and to find out whether there were Oxytetrasyklin and Kanamycine antibiotic residues in the culled laying hens meat so as not to interfere with the food product fermentation process (salami). The samples used were whole culled layered hens (chest and thighs). Chemical / proximate testing consisting of water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and carbohydrates  and pH test for meat. Testing of antibiotic residues is done by the Bioassay method ( Screening ). The results of laboratory testing showed that the samples of the affected culled laying hens meat were analyzed, the chemical quality of the culled laying hens meat  was 69.55%, 20% protein and 8.2% fat and 1.15% carbohydrate. The results of testing on culled laying hens meat after cutting obtained pH around 5.9 - 6.0. Based on the results of testing of antibiotic residues on the culled laying hens meat, negative results were obtained for the antibiotic residues oxytetrasyklin (per 10 g) and kanamycine (per 10 g). Keywords : chemical analysis, pH, culled laying hens, antibiotic residues.


Abstract : A portable three-dimensional computer graphics software package was developed utilizing the Fortran language. The package included the capability of displaying any object as a wire-frame image, as a wire-frame image with hidden lines removed, or as a solid figure with hidden surfaces removed. This computer graphics package provides the user with the ability to rotate, scale, and translate any part of the displayable image. It was utilized to display images or four distinct display devices with only minor software alterations. Three totally different host computer supported the four display devices. (Author)


Preparing young people for citizenship requires significant change in our public schools, including a commitment to preparation of the education workforce for today's diverse learners and paying more attention to culture and identity in what is taught. Schools should be designed and organized in ways that help students understand the obligations that members of a society owe one another. Policy can be an important lever in promoting changes that foster civic reasoning and engagement: curriculum policies can support civic reasoning and discourse within and across subject areas, assessments can support civic reasoning through competency-based approaches, and well-designed graduation requirements can reinforce attention to civic learning. This article describes various frameworks to guide policy development, each with the potential to prepare young people more fully for citizenship.


Teaching point: Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare cause of a walking disorder during childhood. MRI is a key role for diagnosis.


Long slit image tube spectra have been used to measure ratios of nebular emission lines. The (O II) lambdalambda3729/3726 and (S II) lambdalambda6716/6730 doublets define electron densities across the Hourglass region. It is proposed that each of the three O stars of NGC 6530 has a surrounding H II region contributing to the observed emission. Stasinska's models are used to calculate the integrated brightness of emission lines and are shown to be in general agreement with the observations. Galactic positions of the M8 components, consistent with the Lada et al. model of a star forming region, are proposed.


Firstly,based on the profession background of industry engineering,the paper analyzes the importance and characteristics of human factors engineering.Secondly,from textbooks,teachers and students,the detailed situation of bad teaching effect for human factors engineering experiment teaching has been discussed.Accordingly,the present situation and problems of human factors engineering experiment teaching are discussed for universities in our country;Lastly,improving suggestions are put forward for experiment teaching of human factors engineering.


The biocatalytic performance of a cloned cyclohexylamine oxidase derived from Brevibacterium oxydans IH-35A towards structurally different amines was investigated. Cycloalkyl primary amines, alkyl aryl amines, and α-carbon-substituted aliphatic amines were identified as suitable substrates for the biocatalyst based on an activity assay. Kinetic resolutions of several amines by either recombinant whole cells or crude enzyme extracts prepared therefrom gave enantiomerically pure (R)-amines besides the corresponding ketones. When cyclohexylamine oxidase in combination with a borane–ammonia complex as reducing agent was applied to the deracemization of several substrates, excellent enantiomeric ratios (>99:1) and good isolated yields (62%–75%) of the corresponding (R)-amines were obtained.


illustrate why these are 'more formidable' obstacles in developing states (p.30). In this antediluvian colonial vein, he pushes his case for the serious need for a distinct set of motivational policies in developing states to engineer rewards and risks to promote farsightedness and sustainability there. Without the methodological strength of a case study or using the comparative method, the author navigates through multiple states but lacks a sturdy anchor. From eco-friendly hotel rooms in Costa Rica to community self-help groups in Pakistan, Ascher designs a gigantic field to situate his study of promoting sustainability.


The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of yoga training in physiological characteristics of inter college cricket player. The objective of the study was to determine the significance difference of physiological characteristic like (Respiratory Rate, Vital Capacity, Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate) of the college students. The data pertaining to the physiological characteristics were collected from the. To achieve these purpose 40 subjects (20 subjects from control group, while another 20 subjects were from experimental group), who were selected from Ch. Charan Singh Uni. Affiliated Colleges, the age of the subject ranged from 18-22 years. The subject received all the necessary information about the study procedure. The selected Subjects were divided in to two groups' namely experimental group and control group. Pre-test and post-test data of selected physiological components wear collected with the help of reliable tools of measurements to find out the significant difference and to find out the suitable yoga training programs for college students. Training was given to the subjects for 12 weeks with 6 days in a week. To find out the effect of training in physiological characteristics of college students, the dependent t-test was used. For the testing of hypotheses, the level of significance will be set at 0.05.


This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges the college graduates of computer science and technology from Shenyang Agricultural University face and comes up with the author' s proposals and perspectives on how the students of computer science and technology realize successful employment.


Since the first clinical description of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) nearly 40 years ago, no prospective study has examined the effect of various


To the Editor: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation is increasingly being used to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Reported complications have included atrioventricular block, ext...


A new framework for the evaluation of participatory nutritional education is presented after a review of the concepts relating to participation and empowerment. There was a paradigm change from health education to health learning during the late 1980s in Japan, being similar to that from health education to health promotion in the Ottawa Charter of WHO in 1986. It is more important for people to participate in the planning and decision-making process than in its implementation. Community participation, involvement, organization, and empowerment are closely associated with this participatory approach. Japanese participatory health education, which is called health learning, closely resembles the idea of educational empowerment based on Freire's idea. In summary, participatory nutritional education needs the active involvement of participants in the decision-making process, dialogue among the participants, and identification of their problems and the social roots of these problems by critical thinking, besides empowerment for the action to overcome obstacles in achieving their goals.Few papers have been published in Japan on participatory nutritional education, and there is a need to discuss more about the methodology and to put most emphasis on the evaluation. In an ideal evaluation of participatory nutritional education, both an evaluation of the process and of the outcome are needed. The process evaluation should involve measurement on each level to identify individual, organizational, and community change. For the outcome evaluation, measurement should be made on each level to identify the knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior related to food and nutrition, food consumption, nutrient intake, nutritional and health status, and quality of life. The framework that I present in this article is intended to be useful for these evaluations.


The corn is recommended more and more as the culture of larger expression for ensiling in Brazil, due to your characteristics of qualitative and quantitative...


The way of Jesus goes beyond self-fulfilment. It is the way of self-transcendence. It is not about self-preoccupation. It is about self-donation. Jesus affirms the need for loving one's self but it does not stop there. One has to love one's neighbor as he loves himself, even to the point of giving up one's life, "Those who love their life destroy it, and those who despise their life in this world keep it for everlasting life" (Jn. 12:25). Self-discovery and self-affirmation are only preludes to self-donation.


Summary Rapid intravenous administration of procaine amide was found effective in reverting ventricular tachycardia, produced in dogs by large doses of cardiac glycosides, to normal sinus rhythm. In most instances, the reversion was temporary and additional injections of procaine amide were necessary in order to maintain the normal rhythm. Such additional injections, repeated several times in these experiments, did not produce electrocardiographic signs of cumulative toxicity. Although procaine amide effectively reverted ventricular tachycardia in the dog experiments, the same agent failed to increase the lethal dose as determined by limited "cat unit" studies. A similar relation was noted by Emerson in studies on procaine(6) and by Stanbury and Farah(7) in studies on magnesium. The development of slow idioventricular rhythms and cardiac arrest in several experiments following procaine amide administration demonstrates a danger of drug termination of digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia. As Gold(8) has emphasized, complete A-V heart block concomitantly produced by the digitalis may be masked in the electrocardiogram by the ventricular tachycardia and the abolition of the latter arrythmia by quinidine or other drugs may result in ventricular arrest.


Object oriented programming is recognized for its ability to inherit and reuse code and this is reflected by its widespread adoption by the industry in the recent years. A high degree of reusability makes it especially suited for developing and maintaining large software. But as programs get larger, static type-checking becomes imperative, and this has been a concern of the OOP community from the beginning. However, as illustrated by the language Eiffel, the flexibility of inheritance appears to conflict with a language being statically type-checkable.
In this thesis, we generalize the notion of inheritance and delegation, and use this generalization to propose an applicative object oriented programming language which accomodates updating of instance variables and a flexible message passing mechanism. The proposed message passing mechanism uses the type declaration information to appropriately alter the message passing semantics in a type sensitive manner. A particular implication of such a system is the notion of adoption, where an object could get adopted by a context thus giving an orphan object some features of the context. Inheritance with adoption results in a desirable solution to static type-checking in several contexts when inherited types are not subtypes. A flexible and statically type-checkable applicative OOPL is developed to demonstrate the utility of adoption with inheritance. This language is described using ASF + SDF, an algebraic specification formalism.


Security monitoring has long been considered as a fundamental mechanism to mitigate the damage of a security attack. Recently, intra-level security systems have been proposed that can efficiently and securely monitor system software without any involvement of more privileged entity. Unfortunately, there exists no full intra-level security system that can universally operate at any privilege level on ARM. However, as malware and attacks increase against virtually every level of privileged software including an OS, a hypervisor, and even the highest privileged software armored by TrustZone, we have been motivated to develop an intra-level security system, named Hilps. Hilps realizes true intra-level scheme in all these levels of privileged software on ARM by elaborately exploiting a new hardware feature of ARM's latest 64-bit architecture, called TxSZ, that enables elastic adjustment of the accessible virtual address range. Furthermore, Hilps newly supports the sandbox mechanism that provides security tools with individually isolated execution environments, thereby minimizing security threats from untrusted security tools. We have implemented a prototype of Hilps on a real machine. The experimental results demonstrate that Hilps is quite promising for practical use in real deployments.


acrylic on canvas 1145 x 1145 mm - (reverse) Ian Scott 1979 (on stretcher) Ian Scott 1979 Lattice no. 61August 1979 The problem of finding the right format and procedural method is particularly important for painters of geometric abstraction. They require a structural language which remains faithful to the inherent properties of the physical sup...


■ ■ ABSTRACT The cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis can vary in morphology and severity, and therapy should be tailored accordingly. Biologic agents are important new options for treating patients with the most severe forms of the disease. All physicians should be aware that severe psori- asis may increase cardiovascular morbidity and the risk of death, and preventive strategies for patients with severe disease should be considered. ■ ■ KEY POINTS Studies in the past 10 years have uncovered a link be- tween psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, the risk grows less with age; patients at greatest risk are young men with severe psoriasis. The most common presentation of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis. However, there are several other clinical varia- tions of psoriasis, each of which has a distinct response to treatment and may be associated with significant sys- temic symptoms. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors should be considered first-line in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Phototherapy and systemic medications including metho- trexate, acitretin (Soriatane), cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), and biologic agents are the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.


According to Henning Wode (1995, p. 35), the term 'multilingualism' means mastering more than one language: in the case of two languages, it is considered as 'bilingualism', in the case of three languages, it is 'trilingualism' and so on. Strictly speaking, multilingualism is the main category, whereas bilingualism and trilingualism are the subcategories. However, today we tend to use the terms multilingualism and bilingualism as synonyms, because both concepts involve many of the same issues. The linguistic situation tends to get more complex as the number of languages increase. The concept of multilingualism is characterised by many components: the individuals, in whose mind languages are formed (cognitive dimension), the microsystem in which people live (mother child, family) and the society and culture which they are integrated into. In order to learn more languages, language learners require not only a mother tongue base, but also a certain amount of linguistic talent, a positive attitude toward (learning) foreign languages and the motivation to learn languages. Thus, multilingualism is comprehensible only as a multidimensional construction, as allowed by the structure of the brain (p. 15). In today's world, more and more children are growing up speaking several languages. It is therefore becoming more and more important to understand how people acquire various languages, how the mother tongue and foreign languages are interwoven linguistically during this process and how teaching a foreign language can more resemble the natural process of acquisition. Weskamp believes that interdisciplinary cooperation between various and varied scientific disciplines and methods is required to deal with these questions. In his own approach, the author integrates the results of neuroand psycholingualism to create a coherent model of language acquisition. He links the results of foreign language-learning research and language philosophy while at the same time incorporating theoretical assumptions that might seem to be contradictory at first sight, such as nativistic and probabilistic language acquisition. Based on the results of these three fields psycholinguistic, neurolinguistic and technical didactics he formulates a notion of multilingualism in such a way that the fields of education and multilingualism could be improved in the future. His study centres on basic questions, such as who the learners are, what the subject being taught is and what language learning methods are being used. In this book, the 'L1 L2' hypothesis is revived. It is claimed that the principles of the mother tongue and those of the foreign languages are only minimally different; they benefit from the same learning conditions. He describes language learning as a International Journal of Multilingualism Vol. 7, No. 4, November 2010, 379 381


Geomimetics, taking lessons from natures biogenic mineralization mechanisms, can provide powerful tools for advancing biohydrometallurgical processing. Microbial transformations are largely responsible for the Mn oxides found in nature. In this research biogenic birnessite was produced by a manganese-oxidizing fungus, Paraconiothyrium sp. WL-2, at pH 6.5 under room temperature, and characterized by XRD and TG-DTA. Abiotic (chemically synthesized) acidic birnessite was also prepared hydrometallurgically and subjected to a similar battery of characterization techniques. Following thermal treatment the sorption characteristics of these two materials were compared. The biogenic precursor showed several advantages to produce more effective Li-ion sieve than the chemically synthesized precursor. First, a shorter calcination period was required to produce Li4Mn5O12 without other phases; second, a greater content and higher crystallinity of H4Mn5O12 were obtained from the biogenic precursor. These advantages might be caused by poorer crystallinity and around 20 wt% organic matter in biogenic birnessite. While sorption density of Li+ in mmol/g was basically dependent on contents of H4Mn5O12 phase, the unique morphologies and sorption density were maintained with biogenic precursor even after repetition of sorption/desorption of Li+.


The possibility of criticality of fuel debris in a form of uranium dioxide (UO2)–concrete mixture is evaluated by calculating the infinite multiplication factor (k ∞) for a study of criticality control on the fuel debris generated through the molten core concrete interaction in a severe accident of a light water reactor. The infinite multiplication factor can be greater than unity, which means that handling of the mixture is subject to criticality control. This paper shows that concrete provides efficient neutron moderation and points out the necessity of further investigations on the criticality of UO2–concrete system for actual handling of fuel debris.


Economists concerned with validity are combining stated-preference methods with participatory deliberation to address on-going criticism. Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV) uses formal methods of deliberation to express values for environmental change in monetary terms. However, the results have begun to define different realms of value, reflecting pluralism in public concern over environmental change. Reviewing empirical DMV studies evidences a range of issues regarded as external to economics and the validity of its methods, issues which are typically kept at arms length by most environmental economists namely, multiple values, incommensurability and lexicographic preferences, social justice, fairness, and non-human values. (JEL D61, Q51)


8 Whereas the CO-to-H I line intensity ratio increases twofold between D39 (R ˆ 11 kpc) and the inner arm around D153 (R ˆ 6 kpc), the slope of the I(CO)/t R relation remains the same. Yet D153 is not only closer to the centre, but it also shows a much lower star formation activity. Does this mean that Allen and co-workers 8 are wrong? Their contention that there is a large hidden molecular mass rests on two cloud complexes located at 2 kpc from the centre and might apply only to the innermost region. There, the thick stellar bulge prevents the estimation of t R. We note, however, that their mass estimates assume viral equilibrium and a smooth CO brightness distribution, two assumptions that do not seem ful®lled in the largest complex, D478. There, CO pro®les 8 are broad and double-peaked, and look typical of kinematically perturbed clouds near H I regions (such as D47 in Fig. 2b). They also show evidence of CO brightness ¯uctuations on scales of 40 pc. Thus, even in these innermost regions, the evidence for hidden molecular gas is meagre. Because CO is a good tracer of H 2 , Fig. 1a yields the molecular cloud distribution in M31 with an unprecedented resolution. The brightest clouds are grouped in narrow ®lamentary arms, which stand out against a rich background of fainter clouds. The connection of the arm segments into a spiral pattern is not straightforward. One solution is illustrated by the three ellipses of Fig. 1a. It assumes a major axis position angle PA ˆ 428, the value that ®ts the southern velocity ®eld best, and an inclination on the plane of the sky i ˆ 788. In this picture, all the bright CO clouds lie on three circular arms of radii R ˆ 7, 11 and 18 kpc and on the border of the stellar super-association NGC 206. Another arm pattern 17 assumes that PA ˆ 388 and two logarithmic spirals with a pitch angle of 78. The CO arms are very narrow, as illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows the cloud complexes associated with D47 and D84, observed with resolution of 20 (9 pc). The bright blobs of Fig. 1 are now resolved into thin, clumpy ®laments quite similar in brightness and size to Orion A and Orion B 18 ; the peak CO brightness temperature, averaged over the ,9 pc beam, …


A method for attaching the rear end (ATE) of a first section (A) of product with the front end (BFE) of a second section (B) of successive product in a continuous rolling mill in which billets discrete are laminated through a plurality of boxes (10, 12) mill arranged along a "p" line rolling step to produce sections (a, B) of successive product with areas of reduced section, having sections of product successive a rear front ends (AFE, BFE) and (ATE, BTE), said method comprising the steps of: operating a first of the boxes (10) rolling at a delivery rate which exceeds the rate of assimilation of a second box (12) successively laminator, the method further characterized by the steps of: directing sections of the first and second product (a, B) as they exit the first housing (10) to mill away from the "p" passline of laminaci ng along a path (14) entrance leading to a welding station (16) from the welding station along a delivery path (15) leading back to the line laminating step for continuous rolling in the second box (12) laminator; temporarily accumulating a first portion (AL) of the first section (A) of product along the path (15) supply while laminating the first section (A) of product in the second case (12) mill takes place ; retaining the rear end (ATE) of the first section (A) of product in the welding station (16) during a time interval in which the first part (AL) accumulated remains laminated to the second box (12) laminator; retaining the front end (BFE) of the second section (B) of product in the welding station (16) during said time interval, while a second portion (BL) of the second section (B) of product temporarily accumulates along delrecorrido input (14); welding the retained front and tail ends together during said time interval; and releasing the welded ends.


REFERENCES 1. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al. Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362: 1383–1395. 2. Tiede I, Fritz G, Strand S, et al. CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 2003; 111:1133–1145. 3. Atreya R, Zimmer M, Bartsch B, et al. Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce T-cell apoptosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases via TNF receptor 2 and intestinal CD14 macrophages. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:2026– 2038. 4. Karner S, Shi S, Fischer C, et al. Determination of 6-thioguanosine diphosphate and triphosphate and nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity in erythrocytes: novel targets for thiopurine therapy? Ther Drug Monit. 2010;32:119–128. 5. Neurath MF, Kiesslich R, Teichgräber U, et al. 6-Thioguanosine diphospate and triphosphate levels in red blood cells and response to azathioprine therapy in Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005; 3:1007–1014. 6. Hanauer SB, Roblin X, Serre-Debeauvais F, Phelip JM, Bessard G, Bonaz B. Drug interaction between infliximab and azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003; 18:917–925. 7. Hanauer SB. Crohn's disease: step up or top down therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2003; 17:131–137. 8. D'Haens G. Top-down therapy for Crohn's disease: rationale and evidence. Acta Clin Belg. 2009;64:540–546.


There are four major elements that constitute the industrialization system of folk art:the subject,object,intermediary and environment of folk art industrialization.As object elements,not all of the folk art resources can be industrialized.Evaluation and classification of folk art resources should be carried out in advance to form a hierarchical development mode.The subject elements,which include the entrepreneurial producers and operators,popular and foreign consumers,are not only the developer and consumer of folk art resources,but also the chooser and pioneer of folk art market.As intermediary elements,folk art market,which link the subject elements and object elements of folk art industrialization,should take the craft market,performing market,tourism market,MICE market as the main market,and design market,film and television market,publishing market as peripheral market.The environment elements are the external conditions for the existence of the other three elements of folk art industrialization.It is the interaction of the four elements that determines the functional efficiency and stability of the folk art industrialization system.


Abstract To investigate how the propagation of energy away from steady sources may be influenced by the horizontal structure of the time-averaged flow in the troposphere, solutions to a barotropic model are displayed and interpreted. The model is steady and linearized about a basic state which varies in latitude and longitude. Emphasis is placed on cases where the longitudinal variations are gradual. Many of the results can be analyzed by locally applying tools developed for zonally symmetric basic states, e.g., ray tracing and refractive indices. Simple background flows are constructed which have longitudinally confined critical lines, reflective surfaces, wave guides, and regions conducive to propagation. An example is given in which longitudinal derivatives of the basic state are significant. The theory of ray tracing in a two-dimensional wind must be employed as an interpretive tool in this case. It is concluded that zonal variations tend to enhance poleward (equatorward) propagation in large-scale tr...


Submitted for the DAMOP12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Trapped atom number in millimeter-scale magneto-optical traps GREGORY W. HOTH, ELIZABETH A. DONLEY, JOHN KITCHING, National Institute of Standards and Technology — For compact cold-atom instruments, it is desirable to trap a large number of atoms in a small volume to maximize the signalto-noise ratio. In MOTs with beam diameters of a centimeter or larger, the slowing force is roughly constant versus velocity and the trapped atom number scales as d4. For millimeter-scale MOTs formed from pyramidal reflectors, a d6 dependence has been observed [Pollack et al., Opt. Express 17, 14109 (2009)]. A d6 scaling is expected for small MOTs, where the slowing force is proportional to the atom velocity. For a 1 mm diameter MOT, a d6 scaling results in 10 atoms, and the difference between a d4 and a d6 dependence corresponds to a factor of 1000 in atom number and a factor of 30 in the signal-to-noise ratio. We have observed > 104 atoms in 1 mm diameter MOTs, consistent with a d4 dependence. We are currently performing measurements for sub-mm MOTs to determine where the d4 to d6 crossover occurs in our system. We are also exploring MOTs based on linear polarization, which can potentially produce stronger slowing forces due to stimulated emission [Emile et al., Europhys. Lett. 20, 687 (1992)]. It may be possible to trap more atoms in small volumes with this method, since high intensities can be easily achieved. Elizabeth Donley National Institute of Standards and Technology Date submitted: 27 Jan 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


man interdependence among the participants. Often, a group member would recognize his common humanity with those around him in such a powerful and unmistakable way that everyone present was swept along with his realization. As one participant said, &dquo;We suspected it all along.&dquo; At such moments, each participant appeared to realize that his hopes, dreams, and even suspicions of being part of


The contents of this publication may be reproduced in part, except for commercial purposes, provided the extract is preceded by a reference to 'Eurydice network', followed by the date of publication of the document. 3 PREFACE ? I am very pleased to present this study by Eurydice on the critical subject of grade retention. This issue is part of the wider struggle against school failure and early school leaving; problems which have long been priorities of national education policies and now have a high priority in the European policy agenda. The Europe 2020 strategy to exit the economic crisis and to build smart and inclusive growth includes the commitment to reducing early school leaving from the current rate of 14.4 % to below 10 % by 2020. Strategies for combating school failure are, therefore, at the centre of discussions at European level. This has led to a renewed focus on practices for grade retention and their impact on children having difficulties at school and has been the subject of research. Cooperation on Schools' (European Commission, 2008a) commented as follows on the practice of repeating a year as a strategy to combat difficulties: 'in some education systems up to 25 % of pupils repeat a year whilst in others this rarely happens. This measure is very costly. Whilst some pupils who repeat a year catch up, the vast majority do not. The repetition rate is clearly higher for children from disadvantaged groups and, in the long term, the results of children who repeat a year are often worse than those weaker pupils who were not held back.' In order to reach the targets set at European level, effective education policies, based on evidence, are essential. Similarly, by learning from each other and exchanging good practices, countries can critically examine and improve their policies. In order to better understand national practices regarding grade retention, the European Commission has engaged the Eurydice Network to carry out a comparative analysis of the policies in place in European countries. 4 I am convinced that this study has produced a valuable inventory of the legislation and practices in place regarding pupils' repetition of a school year and that it will be of great interest to policy-makers, practitioners as well as to the wider public.


The paper studied the effect of water flow pattern on the treatment of disorderly discharged sewage in tidal rivers by bio-film process. The results indicated that biomass was greater under the fluctuation turn flow than under the folding flow around. Under the fluctuation turn flow, the concentration of COD was 168mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 37.1%. Under the folding flow around, the concentration of COD was 187mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 29.4%. The results indicated that the removal rate of COD was higher 7.7% under the fluctuation turn flow than under the folding flow around. The reason was that under the fluctuation turn flow, soft packing fiber was derided by water, and the effective use of surface area was great and microbial growth space was large.


Extracurricular activities are a significant part of the school experience for many students, but there are concerns about the demands placed on students and the overscheduling of their afterschool time. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine longitudinal middle school student outcomes based on one school's efforts to provide the benefits of extracurricular activities by offering those activities during the regular school day. This study explored the nature of the relationship between middle school, school-based extracurricular participation and subsequent student views of school connection. The study was conducted in an independent, private, Pre-K through 12th grade school with data collected from interviews with junior and senior students who had participated in the program as middle school students. The collected data showed students had positive recollections from participating in mixed grade level activities and in developing connections to the people in the school. The data showed that offering the extracurricular activities during the regular school day allowed students to participate in more activities and experience the benefits of participation such as developing friendships and exploring areas of interest. The data also showed that students viewed the extracurricular enrichment activities offered at the end of the school day as fun and stress-relieving in a regular school day filled with academic classes. This study offers recommendations for school leaders working to increase school engagement through extracurricular activities.


�������������������������������� ���������������������� �������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������� �������� ������������������ ������������������������ ������������������������������ copy of the British Orthoptic Journal the editorial 1 outlines the events leading up to the formation of the British Orthoptic Society, and this and the subsequent history of the Society is described in the 1987 editorial, the year of the Society's Golden Jubilee. 2 In the president's letter published in that first edition, Mary Maddox 3 wrote: 'This journal will afford a method of recording the progress of orthoptics.' In the early years, fewer journals were available and perhaps more original work was submitted for consideration for publication in the British Orthoptic Journal. More recently the importance of evidencebased practice has been emphasised and we are now more critical of research papers considered for publication. To carry out good clinical research the design of a study, methodology and analysis are important factors. Reviewers are constantly aware of maintaining a high standard and their role, and that of the editor, is to help authors to produce papers of the best possible quality. During my term as editor all papers in which statistical analysis has been performed began to be reviewed by the statistician on the editorial board. This has led to an improved standard in the analysis and presentation of results found in original articles. Ten years ago the fiftieth journal was published, at the time when graduate entry into orthoptics was about to happen, and in the editorial that year Horwood 4 wrote: 'I am sure that more scientific papers will be produced by graduate orthoptists who envisage their role as carrying out research'. The British Orthoptic Journal receives several submissions from newly qualified graduates who wish to publish work carried out whilst undergraduate students and some submissions are received from graduates undertaking clinical or postgraduate research. Horwood 4 also encouraged orthoptists to publish in journals where a wider audience would be reached and reiterated the original philosophy of the journal by stating 'balances need to be set: between informing the rest of the orthoptic world about our original work, and informing British orthoptists of what is going on in the wider literature.' Authors today should seek to publish in highly rated journals and access to those journals is becoming easier as more journals appear in full text through web links. In today's age of computer searches the British Orthoptic Journal failed at its last attempt in 1999 to become accepted for inclusion on Medline. Although the comments made were that it was 'a unique journal on a specific subject' which 'appears to be well done' the scientific content of research and clinical articles was rated as 'fair' and review articles as 'good'. A rating of 'very good' is necessary to be successful. The importance of the journal to researchers, educators, students and administrators was considered of 'no or little import'. Whilst it was judged that the journal was of 'moderate' importance to clinicians and fair importance to allied health professionals, an overall result of 'very important' (top category: 'essential') needed to be obtained.


The 1990`s economic crisis in Korea has caused the financial independence of public theaters to be more important. The Korean government has required that they improve their income flow. The representative public theaters such as The National Theater, The Sejong Center and The Seoul Arts Center have followed what the authorities want. "Big Three" have tried to increase their earned incomes by the rent of their venues, parking fees and so on. The rent, however, has made many troubles. One hand, it has not-for-profit arts companies be decreased their opportunities to stage the venues by the expensive rent. The other hand, commercial arts companies such as musical productions have to pay extra charges with the rent for the venues. Recently, arts organizations and newspapers requires "Big Three" to change this unfair things. Public theaters were established by the government in order to present not only diverse performances and experiences for audience, but also opportunities staged by arts organizations. Therefore, "Big Three" have to develop the existing managing system to increase the box office of their performances instead of increasing the rent, parking fee and so forth. I make one suggestion to the public theaters including "Big Three" introduce subscriptions(or season tickets) in order to acquire more stable revenues and attendants. Almost arts organizations in the U.S and the U.K get a lot of earned incomes from them. Therefore, I look into them of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts because it is a only public theater established by the U.S federal government. The season tickets are already introduced the domestic market in the performing arts but LG Arts Center only sell them every year regularly. It is impossible that the public theaters sell them because of very late confirmation of the schedule of their season programming. Although subscriptions are very useful resource of the box office, many endeavors and expenses are not needed. Only it is needed the will of artistic directors and the early confirmation of schedule of their season programming. For instance, the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra has begun to sell subscriptions right after appointment of new artistic director of Jeong, Myung-hun. Classical concert company, Creadia got surprising income from subscriptions, the name of "Package ticket". Public theaters including "Big Three" do their best to improve the ticket sales regardless of requests of the authorities.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter demonstrates how Humanities students in a blended learning course become active learners, use an entrepreneurial approach, and reflect on the achievement of an entrepreneurial mindset. Students at the Master's ICT-based Educational Design, where they work with information- and communication technology in an educational context, were challenged to create value for themselves and others in their professional life by experimenting with ways to combine the online with the offline with their own students/pupils.

Methodology/approach
We present a case study over the period of one semester of five entrepreneurial teams of Masters students on an ICT-based Educational Design. Effectuation, as a process, was combined with a design structure to help guide the students. Data were drawn from observations, written material in the form of blogs and assignments, as well as recorded conversations on Google Hangout with groups of students.

Findings
The use of reflection, collaboration, and the effectual process in the open laboratory provide the vehicle to nurture and support the achievement of a creative and innovative ways of working with real life practices. We suggest that nurturing experimental communities of practice in open learning laboratory settings may provide an opportunity for establishing an entrepreneurial mindset in students and as such has to the potential as a method to confront future societal challenges.

Originality/value
This chapter makes an important contribution to entrepreneurship education in general by demonstrating how the combination of particular online/offline strategies can support the enhancement of entrepreneurial mindsets that will serve learners throughout the life course.


Lindsay sets forth systematic procedures for designing and conducting follow-up studies of teacher education graduates. Specifically, the author makes recom mendations with regard to formulating instrument questions and scales, deter mining the length and appearance of the questionnaire, writing the cover letter, planning the follow-up reminder proce dures, and comparing nonrespondents and respondents.


The paper is a preliminary report of the construction and partial validation of a nonverbal test designed to assess aggressive behavior in children. The test is of the multiple choice variety, making use of cartoons for both the stimulus patterns and the response alternatives. Even a cursory review of the literature shows little evidence for a linear relationship between aggressiveness on projective tests and aggressiveness in overt behavior (i, 9, 14, 20, 21, 23). Several studies indicate, however, that if both the aggressive motive and the factors inhibiting its expression are estimated from the content of the projective test, it is possible to make predictions about overt behavior (18, 19, 23, 24). The cartoon test is designed specifically to tap the aggressive response dispositions and the inhibitory mechanisms used to control it. The stimulus cards are designed to picture a highly frustrating situation. The cues are pertinent to real life situations thought to have drive arousing properties for children, such as conflict with siblings, attack by another child, and rejection by a group of peers. As in real life, the test cues elicit a hierarchy of response dispositions for each individual. These responses range from intense aggression in some individuals to complete denial in others. If in the past the child has associated punishment, or anxiety about punishment, with direct aggression, it is likely that the child will avoid making this kind of response. In keeping with the Hullian tradition, Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears (5) have postulated a gradient of frustration relevant responses which might be emitted. For example, if the child is afraid that physical combat will be punished, he might choose a response such as teasing that will be satisfying but invoke punishment less frequently. To some extent, then, the child's expectancies about punishment will determine which response


The fully developed viscous flow through a sector duct filled with a porous medium is studied. The Darcy―Brinkman and energy equations are solved analytically by series expansions in Bessel functions of the first kind. The problem is governed by a porous medium parameter s, which is proportional to the inverse square root of the permeability. For large s there exists a boundary layer on the walls, and the resistance increases greatly. The Nusselt number for the H1 heat transfer problem also increases. If the apex angle is acute, the local velocity and heat transfer are very low. If the apex angle is obtuse, the local shear and heat transfer are large. Tables for the friction factor-Reynolds number products and Nusselt numbers are determined for various s and apex angles.


Despite the great achievements of advanced photoredox catalysis for organic-synthetic reactions, the literature is rather vague with respect to reaction quantum yields – the number of product molecules per absorbed photon. This stands in contrast to the clear and commonly used chemical yield as standard parameter to quantify the efficiency of chemical reactions. We applied an opto-electronic device to measure the reaction quantum yields of a reference reaction in a rapid and facile way, which revealed that this parameter cannot be regarded as a single, isolated value. A so far undescribed strong dependence of the reaction quantum yield on the incident light power and the irradiation time was revealed. The light input even decides on the interplay of the closed photoredox catalytic cycle and the radical chain propagation. The reaction kinetics were modelled in full detail to obtain important insight into the general description of photoredox catalytic mechanisms. the of absolute reaction function irradiation Reported values of the reaction quantum yield for this tot single snapshots at given irradiation times and light input. that the power of the light decides about the mechanism of the photocatalytic In the light power influences the competition between an open shell, propagation mechanism (predominant at incident light than 1 photoredox of photoredox


Penrose Well Temperatures Geothermal waters have been encountered in several wells near Penrose in Fremont County, Colorado. Most of the wells were drilled for oil and gas exploration and, in a few cases, production. This ESRI point shapefile utilizes data from 95 wells in and around the Penrose area provided by the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) database at http://cogcc.state.co.us/ . Temperature data from the database were used to calculate a temperature gradient for each well. This information was then used to estimate temperatures at various depths. Projection: UTM Zone 13 NAD27 Extent: West -105.224871 East -105.027633 North 38.486269 South 38.259507 Originators: Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) Karen Christopherson


Objective To assess the early and intermediate regression of left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy in aortic valve diseases after aortic valve replacement. Methods fifty-one consecutive patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement from Jan.1997 through Dec.2002 were analyzed retrospectively with echocardiogram. Results Preoperatively the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and end systolic diameter (LVESD) were much larger than those of control group (P0.001). LVEDD and LVESD decreased dramatically in early stage after operation [from (62.1±12.6)mm and (41.9±11.7)mm to (46.9±7.6)mm and (29.0±7.0)mm respectively, P0.001], returned to normal range. Ejection fraction of left ventricle (LVEF) increased significant both in early and intermediate stage after operation [(70.3±8.5)% and (68.8±10.8)% vs preoperative (59.2±13.7)%, P0.01]. The recovery was more satisfactory for group with a preoperative LVEF≥50% of the normal LVEF than that of LVEF50% group. The reduction of LVEDD and increase of LVEF in preoperative LVEDD70mm group was more significant than those of LVEDD≥70mm group. Conclusion The left ventricular function in aortic diseases can be greatly improved after aortic valve replacement. Preoperative LVEF and LVEDD are two key factors for predicting the results after aortic valve replacement.


Abstract In this article the authors report the results of a random survey of members of the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW), in which their perceptions of the behavior of group leaders was evaluated as being ethical or unethical.


In Japan, the number of elderly people living alone has increased in recent years. Therefore, we propose a safety confirmation system that includes an ultrasonic radar for confirming the safety of elderly people living alone. This system consists of an ultrasonic radar, a power line communication unit, and an information processing communication unit. The safety confirmation method performs the human body detection in the restroom using ultrasonic radar. In addition, the proposed system contains a self-checking function. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been confirmed by the results of a field experiment.


Given the sequence of cognitive and psychological developments between experienced job dissatisfaction and actual quitting suggested by Mobley and strongly supported by empirical studies, this research has attempted an ethnic subgroup analysis of turnover behavior between American hotel employees. To this end, categorizing the subjects into Euro‐American, Hispanic, and others, this study has tried to identify the significant factors that affect the psychological turnover process for each ethnic group. The results derived from the stepwise regression analyses adopted, and the inclusion of dummy variable analyses of ethnicity (Euro‐American vs. non‐Euro‐American and Hispanic vs., non‐Hispanic) have presented different unique sets of determinants for each of the four psychological constructs: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, thinking of quitting, and withdrawal intentions, depending on each ethnic subgroups. This warrants the cross‐cultural hotel management, especially in light of the rapidly inc...


Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Beekeeping, Legnaro (Padova), Italy. Received 28 September 2009, accepted subject to revision 14 October 2009, accepted for publication 4 November 2009. *Corresponding author: Email: email@example.com


Based on extensive literature search,resources,composition,pharmacologic and clinical application of Setaria Beauv were summarized,which will provide basis for the exploitation and utilization.


Sociolinguistics is a recently developed subject of interdisciplinary study in the social sciences. Joseph H. Greenberg has indicated the scope of this field and its relevance to African studies in general in his contribution to Robert A. Lystad's The African World: A Survey of Social Research (New York, Praeger, 1965; p. 427). He includes in sociolinguistics such topics as "the relation of language differences to social class; the differential social roles of different languages co-existing in the same society; the development and spread of lingua francas as auxiliary languages in multilingual situations; the factors involved in the differential prestige ratings of languages; the role of language as a sign of ethnic identification; language in relation to nationalism; and problems of language policy, e.g., in education." Africa, with its emerging nations, is an ideal area for such research, since the development of new nations entails problems which sociolinguistic studies are particularly fit to solve. Much of the linguistic work done in the colonial era and even in more recent years is inadequate, because of lack of reference to the relevant social context. With regard to this situation, the Committee on Sociolinguistic Research in Africa of the ARC considered it advisable to include in the January conference some topics which are usually handled under the headings of ethnolinguistics and psycholinguistics, e.g., the changes induced in one language by contact with another in the context of the general culture-contact situation, including its nonlinguistic aspects, and the problems of attitudes and behavior toward language.


Representatives of SADA were recently invited to present their concerns regarding the Draft Government Gazette seeking to terminate 'on the job' training for DAs from 30 November 2007, to the Executive Committee of the Professional Board for Dental Therapy and Oral Hygiene (PBDTOH). Representatives from the Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (HWSETA) and the Department of Health (DOH) were also in attendance.


More than 20,000 people took part in a demonstration in Sofia, Bulgaria, to show their support for five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor sentenced to death in Libya.


RT HIS paper is in no sense a review of Mr. Keynes's most recent volume,' but is concerned exclusively with certain important theoretical aspects of two of the leading concepts in this book, the rate of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital. It is proposed to criticize Mr. Keynes's treatment of these topics with respect to (I) his complete rejection of the classical theory of interest, (2) the effects of changes in the rate of interest, (3) the relation between stock exchanges and the marginal efficiency of capital, and (4) the relationship between capital accumulation and the marginal efficiency of capital. Before proceeding to state these criticisms, however, it is essential to review briefly the meaning attached by Mr. Keynes to the rate of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital and to outline the role played by these factors in his general theory of employment.


The present invention relates to a method implemented by computer means to determine an optical device including at least one optical lens adapted to be mounted to the method, the spectacle frame and the spectacle frames for determining the optical equipment, the method, - the wearer optical requirements and at least related to providing the wearer the wearer data, the data can be provided in steps of S1, - providing an optical cost function is optically cost function at least one is associated with the optical function of the optical lens which is defined by at least based on the part of the wearer data provided step S2, - optical weight and at least a related stay comfort that the cost function is the cost of providing a function of the equipment providing step S3, and - an optical device that optical devices are determined that minimize the difference between the total cost function and the target value of the total cost function a decision step S4, the total cost function is the cost function and the optical A weighted sum of not cost function, includes an optical device decision step S4.


A robot for automatic 3-D surveying any body, particularly for determining geometrical dimensions of a body, with a carried by the robot sensor system (2), wherein the movement of the sensor (2) relative to the body (7) of the robot and / or a movable measuring arm (1), measuring boom or the like., which carries the sensor (2), describes a path being characterized in that the sensor (2) comprises at least one measuring sensor (3) and at least one compensation sensor (4), wherein the position of the compensating sensor (4) to the measuring sensor (3) Kostant or is known, the difference between a measurement result of the compensating sensor (4) relative to a reference part (6) or to an already measured portion (7) and the known contour of the reference part ( 6) or the already measured portion (7) as inaccuracy of the robot motion to compensate for the resultant of the inaccurate robot motion measurement error of the measuring sensor (3). A method for using the robot of the invention is also claimed.


Since the 1980s, both American political scientists and historians have been rediscovering their "state" and its specificities, especially its relative invisibility and its high degree of fragmentation. This debate has paralleled the rise of new methodologies in political science, such as historical institutionalism and American Political Development (APD). This introduction summarizes the key elements of these methodologies and presents the articles which make up this special issue.


BACKGROUND: Severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization contribute a substantial portion of the morbidity and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting β-agonist + long-acting muscarinic antagonist) is a recommended option for patients who experience recurrent COPD exacerbations or persistent symptoms. Few real-world studies have specifically examined the effect of prompt initiation of triple therapy, specifically among patients hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether prompt initiation of triple therapy following a severe COPD exacerbation was associated with lower risk of subsequent exacerbations and lower health care use and costs and the effects of each 30-day delay of initiation. METHODS: Adults aged 40 years or older with COPD were identified in the Merative MarketScan Databases between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, and were required to meet the following criteria: open or closed triple therapy (date of first closed prescription or last component of open=index treatment date), more than 1 inpatient admission with a primary COPD diagnosis (ie, severe exacerbation) in the prior 12 months (index exacerbation), 12 months of continuous enrollment before (baseline) and after (follow-up) index exacerbation, and absence of select respiratory diseases and cancer. Patients were stratified based on timing of open or closed triple therapy after the index exacerbation: prompt (≤30 days), delayed (31-180 days), or very delayed (181-365 days). Multivariable regression controlled for baseline characteristics (age, sex, insurance type, index year, comorbidities, prior treatment, and prior exacerbations) and estimated the odds of subsequent exacerbations, change in the number of exacerbations, and change in health care costs during 12-month follow-up associated with each 30-day delay of triple therapy initiation. RESULTS: A total of 6,772 patients met inclusion criteria (2,968 [43.8%] prompt, 1,998 [29.5%] delayed, and 1,806 [26.7%] very delayed). The adjusted odds of any exacerbation and a severe exacerbation during 12-month follow-up increased by 13% (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.13 [1.11-1.15]) and 10% (1.10 [1.08-1.12]), respectively, for each 30-day delay in triple therapy initiation, and the mean number of exacerbations increased by 5.4% (95% CI = 4.7%-6.1%). There was a 3.0% increase (95% CI = 2.2%-3.8%) in mean all-cause costs and a 3.7% increase (95% CI = 2.9%-4.6%) in total COPD-related costs for each 30-day delay of triple therapy initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Longer delays in triple therapy initiation after a COPD hospitalization result in greater risk of subsequent exacerbations and higher health care resource use and costs. Adequate post-discharge follow-up care and earlier consideration of triple therapy may improve clinical and economic outcomes among patients with COPD.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained remarkable acceptance from millions of individuals. This is evident in the extensive use of intelligent devices such as smartphones, smart television, speakers, air conditioning, lighting, and high-speed networks. The general application area of IoT includes industries, hospitals, schools, homes, sports, oil and gas, automobile, and entertainment, to mention a few. However, because of the unbounded connection of IoT devices and the lack of a specific method for overseeing communication, security concerns such as distributed denial of service (DDoS), denial of service (DoS), replay, botnet, social engineering, man-in-the-middle, and brute force attacks have posed enormous challenges in the IoT environment. Regarding these enormous challenges, this study focuses on DDoS and DoS attacks. These two attacks have the most severe consequences in the IoT environment. The solution proposed in this study can also help future researchers tackle the expansion of IoT security threats. Moreover, the study conducts rigorous experiments to assess the efficiency of the proposed approach. In summary, the experimental results show that the proposed hybrid approach mitigates data exfiltration caused by DDoS and DoS attacks by 95.4%, with average network lifetime, energy consumption, and throughput improvements of 15%, 25%, and 60%, respectively.


Protein-Water Interactions The Lipid-Water Interface: Revelations by Osmotic Stress Water as It Applies to the Function of Enzymes Aquaglyceroporins: Channel Proteins with a Conserved Core, Multiple Functions, and Variable Surfaces Molecular Physiology of Aquaporins in Plants Osmotic Adaptation in Yeast--Control of the yeast Osmolyte System Adaptation of Kidney Medulla to Hypertonicity: Role of the Transcription Factor TonEBP Passive Water Transport in Biological Pores Cell Volume Homeostasis: Ionic and Nonionic Mechanisms Cotransporteres as Milecular Water Pumps General Models for Water Transport across Leaky Epithelia Paracellular Fluid Transport by Epithelia Osmoregulation and Contractile Vacuoles of Protozoa Molecular Mechanisms of Water Transport in the Eye


Over the years, many companies have employed cloud computing to support their services and optimise their infrastructure utilisation. The provisioning of high availability and high processing capacity is a significant challenge when planning a cloud computing infrastructure. Even when the system is available, a part of the resources may not be offered due to partial failures in just a few of the many components in an IaaS cloud. The dynamic behaviour of virtualised resources requires special attention to the effective amount of capacity that is available to users, so the system can be correctly sized. Therefore, the estimation of capacity-oriented availability (COA) is an important activity for cloud infrastructure providers to analyse the cost-benefit tradeoff among distinct architectures and deployment sizes. This paper presents a strategy to evaluate the capacity-oriented availability of virtual machines combined to servers availability on a private cloud infrastructure. The proposed strategy aims to provide an efficient and accurate computation of COA and availability by means of closed-form equations. We compare our approach to the use of models such as continuous time Markov chains and SPN simulation model, considering execution time and values of metrics obtained with both approaches.


The paper introduces the specification and content of UML, the mapping method between UML and the software development process. Through a Shop Floor Control in ERP, it also describes the design and analysis of system-model-building by UML, which proves the extreme importance of UML to the quality assurance of a big scale software.


A control strategy for improving parallel converter system reliability is proposed. This control combines the central-limit control with a maximum current limit and a fault-tolerance control feature to increase the degree of converter redundancy. This schedule assumes that the system consists of converter modules (CMs) operated in a continuous conduction mode, a current reference generator, and a system controller. There is no interconnection between CMs. Also, because each individual CM is directly controlled by the system controller, its failure can be detected and approximate correction actions can be given subsequently. Moreover, the proposed scheme is capable of determining a required number of CMs in the active state for any load condition. Thus, the degree of redundancy in the system is increased significantly. Only a few converters are activated at light loads. Therefore, the number of spare CMs increases virtually and the overall system reliability and performance is increased. The comparison between the proposed and conventional approaches on the aspects of system reliability is presented. In this comparison, the merit of the proposed control strategy in improving system reliability is highlighted.<<ETX>>


An analytical bulk mobility model for hydrodynamic transport equations is developed from a microscopic level and designed for silicon device simulation. Applying Kohler's variational method extended to the regime of nonlinear transport yields the general expression for the mobility as function of carrier temperature, lattice temperature, and doping. Assuming a nonparabolic, isotropic band model and a heated Maxwellian allows for the analytical calculation of the collision integrals. A nonelastic approximation for intravalley acoustic‐phonon scattering is proposed, which improves the model in the low‐temperature range. Intervalley scattering is treated in a one‐mode, equipartition approximation. Here, an accurate analytical approach for all carrier temperatures is derived. For impurity scattering the Brooks‐Herring theory is used including Fermi statistics and the effect of dispersive screening. The influence of other effects like anisotropic valleys and perturbation of the density of states by heavy dopin...


Huang Kan was one of the deputies of the "Guogu School" at the initial stage of 20th century.In the historic period when Chinese traditional culture was striken by the western culture and was almost negatived,he still held the Chinese traditional culture's ground,persevered in inheriting national culture and called for constructing Chinese own culture.He contributed a lot to the construction and development of Chinese traditional philology.


family roots, César Chávez, music, reading, and the importance of his own stories. She returns to her California college; Raul remains for his cousin Laura. In part 4, "Cuz," cousin Laura returns from Juárez pregnant and stays with Raul, who waits on her, like a team manager. Accompanying her to parenting class at El Paso Community College encourages Raul to enroll. His English class with Dr. Sánchez sets him free; now "he wasn't freaked out that he still had more questions than answers" (189). In Thomason Hospital, Laura, mom-to-be, asks Raul to go climb that special childhood hill, La Loma, that she, Raul, and their Chicano friends used for playing King of the Hill. For her, yes, he will—Raul Luis, ever the team manager, but learning well. Yañez is gifted, creates memorable characters, yet his skilled evocation of a sense of place for El Paso is limited, too regional. William Owens, another Southwest writer, puts it precisely in the Texas Humanist (1983): "The only reason for regionalism is to make it an opening onto the universal" (27). Yañez can learn much from Rolando Hinojosa's Dear Rafe (1985) in which, as Robert Houston notes, "although his sharp eye and accurate ear capture a place, its people and a time in a masterly way, [Hinojosa's] work goes far beyond regionalism" (New York Times Book Review 1985). I especially recommend that Yañez examine Rudolfo Anaya's recently published collection The Essays (2009), where, in "My Heart, My Home," he remarks, "I like not only to write a good story, but to explore in it the core of human nature" (244). Cross Over Water is a good start.


Twenty-one evaluable patients with advanced carcinoma of the endometrium were treated with aminothiadiazole at a dosage of 125 mg/m2 weekly. Twelve had received prior chemotherapy. Seven patients had stable disease; 14 had increasing disease. There were two life-threatening toxic episodes. Aminothiadiazole used in this dosage and schedule has negligible activity in previously treated patients with carcinoma of the endometrium.