The invention shows for receiving a specific channel of a plurality of the digital broadcasting signal selected through the service information of the digital broadcast signal which is transmitted from a broadcast server, it relates to wireless terminals and the collection method to collect audience information of the digital broadcast wherein the storage unit to store the receiver and a collecting unit and, the viewing information collected by the collecting unit to collect audience information about the program and the use history of the content included in the received channel from the broadcast receiving unit into a predetermined format, the viewing information of the digital broadcast signal comprises a transmission member and a control member for controlling the collection and storage, and transmission of the audience information transmitted so as to upload the audience information stored in the storage unit in the analysis server through a mobile communication network according to the call back policy It provides a wireless handset that can be collected. Digital broadcast, PMSB terminal, DMB, audience measurement


Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in drug resistance in various types of cancers, including malignant melanoma (MM). MiR‐488‐3p has been reported as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. However, the exact expression patterns of miR‐488‐3p and the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its role in MM remain largely unknown and require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that miR‐488‐3p is significantly downregulated in MM clinical specimens and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR‐488‐3p resulted in markedly increased drug sensitivity of MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The DNA‐activated, catalytic polypeptide (PRKDC), which encodes DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs), was identified as a direct target of miR‐488‐3p using luciferase reporter assays, qRT‐PCR, and western blotting analyses. PRKDC knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) alone promoted sensitivity of MM cells to cisplatin (DDP) while overexpression of PRKDC partially rescued the miR‐488‐3p‐mediated acceleration of sensitivity to DDP in MM cells. Taken together, our results indicate that miR‐488‐3p serves as a drug resistance sensitizer in MM, supporting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate.


The substitution of ethanol for gasoline in passenger cars and light vehicles in Brazil is one of the largest commercial biomass-to-energy programs in existence today. Engines that run strictly on gasoline are no longer available in the country, having been replaced by neat-ethanol engines and by gasohol engines that burn a mixture of 78 percent gasoline and 22 percent ethanol, by volume. Technological advances, including more efficient production and processing of sugarcane, are responsible for the availability and low price of ethanol. The transition to ethanol fuel has reduced Brazil`s dependence on foreign oil (thus lowering its import-export ratio), created significant employment opportunities, and greatly enhanced urban air quality. In addition, because sugarcane-derived ethanol is a renewable resource (the cane is replanted at the same rate it is harvested), the combustion of ethanol adds virtually no net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and so helps reduce the threat of global warming.


The aim of this research has been to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and Esfahan municipality personnel's organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Statistical society included opinions of 254 official personnel of organization. Gathered data through inquiries analyzed by "SPSS18" software. The study results show that Esfahan municipality personnel's organizational commitment and job satisfaction remarkably affected by emotional intelligence. Besides, there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment approved. Data analyzes declare that there is significant relationship between emotional intelligence and personnel's emotional commitment, continued commitment and normative commitment. On the other hand, emotional intelligence has a positive significant relationship with satisfaction of job, satisfaction of supervising style, satisfaction of co-workers, satisfaction of job promotion opportunities and satisfaction of income.


Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with balloon dilation and stenting is the curative treatment for biliary anastomotic (AS) strictures after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and clinical outcomes of combined endoscopic and percutaneous therapy for biliary AS stricture in adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation with duct to duct anastomosis. Materials and methods: Between January 2008 and December 2015, 648 patients receiving right-lobe LDLT in our hospital were analyzed for biliary complications. When biliary strictures were diagnosed, patients underwent ERC first as a diagnostic as well as treatment modality to dilate the strictures and biliary stenting. If ERC failed, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and/or combined PTC and ERC were done. Results: Eighty-two biliary strictures were diagnosed in 648 recipients (13%; 82/648) at an average of 256 (7-1979) days after LDLT. Among 82 patients (age 52.6 ± 9.6 years, range 24-72), 40 patients were successfully treated by ERC, 5 by PTC, and 9 by combined PTC and ERC. In successful ERC with an average of 5.03 ± 2.96 sessions, 11±11.0 plastic stents in total and 2±1 stents at each ERC session were placed. The mean time to stricture resolution was 708 ± 532 (28-1967), 298 ± 135 (145-398), and 499 ± 239 (288-827) days for patients receiving ERC, PTC, and combined PTC and ERC, respectively. Conclusions: Biliary complications following LDLT is associated with high mortality. In severe biliary strictures, the procedure that combines PTC and ERC can be curative in patients with prior failed ERC treatment.


ABSTRACT Melanocytic cell interactions are integral to skin homeostasis, and affect the outcome of multiple diseases, including cutaneous pigmentation disorders and melanoma. By using automated-microscopy and machine-learning-assisted morphology analysis of primary human melanocytes in co-culture, we performed combinatorial interrogation of melanocyte genotypic variants and functional assessment of lentivirus-introduced mutations. Keratinocyte-induced melanocyte dendricity, an indicator of melanocyte differentiation, was reduced in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) R/R variant strain and by NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E expression, while expression of CDK4.R24C and RAC1.P29S had no detectable effect. Time-lapse tracking of melanocytes in co-culture revealed dynamic interaction phenotypes and hyper-motile cell states that indicated that, in addition to the known role in activating mitogenic signalling, MEK-pathway-activating mutations may also allow melanocytes to escape keratinocyte control and increase their invasive potential. Expanding this combinatorial platform will identify other therapeutic target mutations and melanocyte genetic variants, as well as increase understanding of skin cell interactions. Summary: NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E mutations disrupt the responses of melanocytes to keratinocyes and result in distinct morphological changes and movement patterns.


Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP3 file: "Vanderbilt University's class of 2005 was urged by Chancellor Gordon Gee to reject 'politicians, profiteers and pundits' intent on polarization and be a source of 'loving kindness' that helps bring people together."


This paper considers the problem of digital predistortion of parallel Wiener-type systems using the recursive prediction error method (RPEM) and the nonlinear filtered-x least mean squares (NFxLMS) algorithms. The RPEM algorithm is used for the identification of the parallel Wiener-type system and the FIR filter that represents the inverse of the linear kernels. Then the estimate of the nonlinear kernels and the inverse of the linear kernels are used to construct the predistorter as done in. On the other hand, the NFxLMS algorithm is used to directly estimate the coefficients of the predistorter modeled using Volterra series. A comparative simulation study between the two algorithms is given in this paper.


While conservative and conventional finance accentuates theories such as portfolio optimization theory, the capital asset pricing model and the efficient markets hypothesis, the emerging field of behavioural finance investigates the more prominent psychological and sociological issues that impact the decision-making process of individuals, groups, and organizations. It holds out the prospect of a better understanding of financial market behaviour and scope for investors to make better investment decision based on an understanding of the potential pitfalls. This paper will discuss behavioural finance theories like overconfidence, loss aversion, the problem of inertia, financial cognitive dissonance, the theory of regret, and the prospect theory. In conclusion, the paper will provide strategies to assist individuals to resolve these "mental mistakes and errors" by recommending some important investment strategies.


Through analyzing the data of Ground Penetration Radar(GPR) exploration in the eastern part of Homo erectus in Tangshan Cave,the authors point out the bedrock of the eastern cave was more than 10 meters thick,probably belonging to flat red rocks.The cave sediments on the bedrock were divided into three breccia layers from the top down,which reflected the cave once underwent a process of serious landslip and deposit for three times.The upper breccia layer is probably rich in animal fossils,which will become the deposit worthy of attention in future archaeology.


This article explores the assumption that perceptions about the threat of HIV/AIDS have changed over the course of the epidemic. For want of a better term this phenomenon will be referred to as "HIV/AIDS complacency" and will be defined as minimizing discounting or discrediting the threat of HIV/AIDS. Although the majority of examples cited will explore the phenomenon at an individual level this analysis assumes that HIV/AIDS complacency might also manifest at a community level (e.g. decreased endorsement of norms supporting safe sexual practices related to perceptions that HIV infection is no longer a "fatal" condition)—or at a societal level (e.g. decreased support for ongoing HIV prevention activities in favor of other priorities). The construct of "HIV treatment optimism" will be viewed as a discrete although not sole contributor to HIV/AIDS complacency. As above the notion of safer behavior fatigue (decreased vigilance toward maintaining safer sexual and drug-related behaviors) could also be included in the proposed definition of complacency should we consider the behavior lapse as resulting from a decreased perception of HIV/AIDS risk rather than as an erosion of necessary prevention skills. (excerpt)


The conflict situations in the North Caucasus formed the basis of the aggravation of the condition of the national minorities. Different approaches and mechanisms of regulation of the territories, liquidation of the disputable territory claims were working out. National ethnic communities rejected the civilized ways of solving the problem. They adopted another way the way of confrontation and loss of stability. As a result interethnic conflict arose and caused the migration processes.


This study reassesses Abdel Abdellaoui et al.'s findings that genetically selective migration may lead to persistent and accumulating socioeconomic and health inequalities between "types" (rich or poor) of places in the UK. Their work categorized migrants who moved to the same "type" of place (rich-to-rich or poor-to-poor) as non-migrants. We re-investigate the question of genetically selective migration by examining migration patterns between places rather than "place-types" and find genetic selectively in whether people migrate rather than where. For example, we find evidence of positive selection of people with genetic variants correlated better education moving from rich to poor places with our measure of migration that was obscured in the earlier work that used a non-standard measure of migration.


It is shown that the quantum jumps in the photon number n from zero to one or more photons induced by backaction evasion quantum nondemolition measurements of a quadrature component x of the vacuum light field state are strongly correlated with the quadrature component measurement results. This correlation corresponds to the operator expectation value which is equal to one fourth for the vacuum even though the photon number eigenvalue is zero. Quantum nondemolition measurements of a quadrature component can thus provide experimental evidence of the nonclassical operator ordering dependence of the correlations between photon number and field components in the vacuum state.


Sanidine is the monoclinic high-T modification of K-rich alkalifeldspars. Annealing at T > 900°C usually causes disordering of Al/Si distribution at the two non-equivalent tetrahedral sites, but it is supposedly possible to disorder samples of sanidine from Volkesfeld/Eifel at notably lower temperatures and shorter times [1]. To investigate this behavior and compare various approaches to obtain the Al/Si distribution, samples from different Eifel locations and Madagascar have been studied. Al/Si order was determined by direct and indirect methods, including X-ray and neutron diffraction of powder and single crystal samples. Neutron powder diffraction experiments were executed at the Fine Resolution Neutron Powder Diffractometer E9, single crystal neutron diffraction at the 4-circle Diffractometer E5 and diffuse neutron scattering experiments at the Flat-Cone Diffractometer E2, all located at the Berlin Research Reactor BERII. The Al/Si distribution was determined directly, refining site occupancies by applying Rietveld analysis to powder diffraction data and XTAL for single crystal data. This approach is inapplicable when using X-ray data, due to similar atomic form factors of Al3+ and Si4+, thus indirect methods [2,3,4] were applied. X-ray powder diffraction was performed at Helmholtz Centre Berlin, single crystal X-ray diffraction was done at Ruhr-University Bochum. The obtained data was processed using Rietveld refinement and ShelXL software, respectively. It was possible to verify a dependency of decreasing Al/Si order on increasing annealing times and temperatures. Interestingly we observed different results from direct and indirect methods, regardless whether samples were untreated or annealed. Applying the direct determination method, a stronger change of Al/Si distribution during annealing was revealed. Moreover, diffuse scattering of untreated and annealed samples was detected, which may arise from hydron incorporated in the crystal lattice.


A syncytium model to study some electrical properties of the eye is proposed in the attempt to explain the phenomenon of anomalous Light Flashes (LF) perceived by astronauts in orbit. Recent experiments, placed on board the Russian Space Station MIR, have investigated the possible causes and have attempted to explain the physical processes and their relation with cosmic rays. We discuss a mathematical model of some electrical properties of the eye (i.e. the crystalline lens modelled as a spherical syncytium), that is a boundary value problem for a system of two coupled elliptic partial differential equations in two unknowns. We use a numerical method to compute an approximate solution of this mathematical model and we show some numerical results that provide a possible (qualitative) explanation of the observed LF phenomenon.


THE Thirty-sixth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union convened in New York City, on Monday, November 11, 1918. Owing to the epidemic of influenza which had prevailed for some weeks it was necessary, for the first time in the history of the Union, to omit the public sessions and confine the sessions to business meetings of the Council, Fellows and Members. The meetings were held on the historic occasion of the signing of the armistice and amid the noisy celebration of the end of the great world war. The attendance included 14 Fellows and several members. Among those present were two Founders of the Union, Dr. J. A. Allen and Dr. A. K. Fisher, and three Fellows originally elected in 1883, William Dutcher, Dr. Geo. Bird Grinnell and John H. Sage. At the meeting of 'the Fellows c'alled to order in the American Museum of Natural History at 8.05 P. M. by the President, John H. Sage, 12 Fellows were present. The amendment to the By-Laws proposed at the last Stated Meeting, making the fee of Patrons one thousand dollars, was formally adopted. At the meeting of the Fellows and Members called to order by the President at 8.20 P. M., 13 Fellows and 4 Members were present. Following the calling of the roll the list of members in military and naval service was read (see last pages). The report of the Secretary giving the status of the membership was then presented. This report showed a net gain of 62 members during the year. In November, 1917, the total number of members was 891 while the present membership was 953 distributed as follows: Fellows, 50; Retired Fellows, 2; Honorary Fellows, 15; Corresponding Fellows, 56; Members, 80; and Associates, 750. During the year the Union lost 14 members by death, 13 by resignation and 20 by delinquency. The deaths (including two in the previous


We formulate a control system model for the distributed flow of mixtures of highly heterogeneous gases through large-scale pipeline networks with time-varying injections of constituents, withdrawals, and control actions of compressors. This study is motivated by the proposed blending of clean hydrogen into natural gas pipelines as an interim means to reducing end use carbon emissions while utilizing existing infrastructure for its planned lifetime. We reformulate the partial differential equations for gas dynamics on pipelines and balance conditions at junctions using lumped elements to a sparse nonlinear differential algebraic equation system. Our key advance is modeling the mixing of constituents in time throughout the network, which requires doubling the state space needed for a single gas and increases numerical ill-conditioning. The reduced model is shown to be a consistent approximation of the original system, which we use as the dynamic constraints in a model-predictive optimal control problem for minimizing the energy expended by applying time-varying compressor operating profiles to guarantee time-varying delivery profiles subject to system pressure limits. The optimal control problem is implemented after time discretization using a nonlinear program, with validation of the results done using a transient simulation. We demonstrate the methodology for a small test network, and discuss scalability and potential applications.


KRN7000 is particularly useful because it is a powerful and specific CD1d agonist and has prompted intense interest in the context of immunology in the past 25 years. Its limited commercial availability and high price has led to the publication of many different syntheses. However, almost all of them focused on the methodology development rather than a scalable synthesis. Herein, we have described a practical and scalable procedure for the synthesis of KRN7000 basing on the glycosyl iodide method. This procedure involves total of eight steps to obtain the highly pure product KNR7000 on gram scale from the commercially available starting materials (d-galactose and the phytosphingosine) with only three column chromatographic purifications.


The North Atlantic–Arctic region, which is critical to the health and socioeconomic well being of North America and Europe, is susceptible to climate-driven changes in circulation, biogeochemistry, and marine ecosystems. The need for strong investment in the study of biogeochemical and ecosystem processes and interactions with physical processes over a range of time and space scales in this region was clearly stated in the 2013 Galway Declaration, an intergovernmental statement on Atlantic Ocean cooperation (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-459_en.htm). Subsequently, a workshop was held to bring together researchers from the United States, Canada, and Europe with expertise across multiple disciplines to discuss an international research initiative focused on key features, processes, and ecosystem services (e.g., Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, spring bloom dynamics, fisheries, etc.) and associated sensitivities to climate changes.


Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species commonly found in biological sources. It can be formed through the dismutation of superoxide, destroyed in reactions catalyzed by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. It can also be manipulated by macrophages to form hypochlorous acid and hydroxyl radical. Although it is a normal byproduct of cellular metabolism, it is also a potentially damaging species, capable of disrupting polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Introduction Hydrogen peroxide is a small, ubiquitous, strongly oxidizing agent. Cells may be exposed to it as a result of exogenous stresses, or as a byproduct of normal metabolism. The purposes of this paper are to describe: (1) the chemical properties of the hydrogen peroxide molecule, (2) the catabolic and anabolic reactions of hydrogen peroxide, (3) methods for detection and quantification, and (4) the effects of hydrogen peroxide exposure on cells. S. A. Rovinsky Hydrogen Peroxide 3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen peroxide is a small molecule (MW = 34.01) commonly produced by aerobic biological systems [1]. It has a melting point of -0.43°C and a boiling point of 152°C [2], making it a liquid at room temperature. This colorless, bitter-tasting, syrupy liquid is completely miscible with water, and soluble in ether [2]. 30% hydrogen peroxide has a specific gravity of 1.11, a vapor density of 1 g/L [1], and a density of 1.463 g/cm[2]. Hydrogen peroxide is available as a 3% or 30% solution, and the densities of these are 1.00 g/cm and 1.11 g/cm, respectively [2]. Hydrogen peroxide is a fairly unstable molecule when in a water solution and decomposes easily, particularly when metal contaminants are present. This is because the O-O bond is very weak, its bond dissociation energy being only 51 kcal/mol [4]. If one examines a molecular orbital diagram of the peroxide anion, the reason for this weakness becomes easily apparent (See Figure 1.) Since each oxygen contributes a total of five electrons to the 12 molecular orbitals, two of the antibonding orbitals are filled, leaving only 1 net bonding orbital.


A method for preparing coatings, particularly imaged surfaces such as photoresists, printing plates, etc. which includes coating the surface of a substrate with a solid curable composition containing styrene-allyl alcohol copolymer based polyene and polythiol com ponents, curing the composition by exposing selected areas thereof to a free radical generating source, e.g. actinic radiation and removing e.g. by dissolving the uncured, unexposed areas of the curable composition to bare the underlying substrate. The solid polyene component is a reaction product of a copolymer of styrene-allyl alcohol and an unsaturated isocyanate e.g. allyl isocyanate or an unsaturated acid e.g. acrylic acid. The solid polythiol is a reaction product of a co polymer of styrene-allyl alcohol and a mercapto car boxylic acid, e.g. 3-mercaptopropionic acid.


The invention discloses a non-resistance drug-free premix for young rabbits after ablactation in the technical field of rabbit feed. The premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-15 percent of vitamins, 10-15 percent of trace elements, 2-4 percent of DL-methionine, 2-3 percent of L-lysine, 5-7.5 percent of multiple digestive enzyme preparation, 12-16 percent of beta-glucose oxidase, 2-3 percent of allicin, 12.5-30 percent of micro-ecological preparation, 7.5-14 percent of fructooligosaccharide, 10-15 percent of salt, 10-15 percent of calcium carbonate, 10-15 percent of calcium hydrophosphate and the balance of defatted rice bran. The non-resistance drug-free young rabbit premix disclosed by the invention can accelerate rapid growth of young rabbits (1-3 months old) after ablactation and prevent the digestive tract disease, respiratory disease, human coccidiosis and the like and has the effects of improving the growth speed, improving the feed utilization rate, reducing the incidence rate and improving the rate of survival.


Rural development is becoming an important aspect in the studies of Regional Planning. Rural development is social and economical transforming of rural traditional society into modern society and a process through which collective efforts aiming the well being and self reliance of people living in rural areas. The task of planning of rural development has presented number of problems to planning authorities, administrators, implementing authorities and social workers. Different government plans are devoted to all-round balanced development, sustained economic growth and community development. Maharashtra is one of the leading states in the rural development program. State has done exceedingly well in achieving full sanitation and improvement in standard of living through "Sant Gadgebaba Gram Swachhata Abhiyan" launched by Government of Maharashtra. Satara district is important district in case of Total Sanitation Campaign, achieved 90 per cent sanitation, while some blocks achieved 100 per cent. Kalewadi is one of the "Nirmal Gram" awarded village in the year 2006-07. This village can be a model for the other villages all over the rural India because despite of adversities village have achieved a remarkable sustainable development.


Membrane-coating granules are found in close association with the Golgi apparatus, and their apparent size, shape and internal substructure varies with the plane of section.

After a membrane-coating granule is discharged into the intercellular space, it dissociates into distinct units, the pentalamellar discs, which are stacked like coins in the intact granule. Subsequently, discs become applied to and appear to fuse with the outer leaflets of the horny cell membranes, resulting in the formation of a nine-layered membrane-disc complex. When this complex cleaves at the junction of the thick dense lamella and distal lighter lamella of the disc, a pentalaminar horny-cell surface membrane results. The more common surface membrane, however, is trilaminar consisting of thickened inner leaflet, lighter middle leaflet, and thickened outer leaflet. The thickened outer leaflet may result from the addition of amorphous intercellular material derived from membrane-coating granules or from the fusion of two outer leaflets, as in the formation of a tight junction.

The thickened inner leaflet results from the deposition of dense material onto the cytoplasmic face of the inner leaflet; there exists a regional variation in its dimensions. The side of the cell facing the surface of the epithelium has a thickened inner leaflet varying in width between 140 and 180 A, whereas the side facing the underlying cell is only about 100 A thick.

Discs and amorphous material derived from membrane-coating granules coat and thicken the plasma membrane by modifying the outer leaflet, and thus may play a role in the barrier function of the stratum corneum.


The present paper proposes a physics-informed super-resolution (SR) model based on a convolutional neural network and applies it to the near-surface temperature in urban areas with the scaling factor of 4. The SR model incorporates a skip connection, a channel attention mechanism, and separated feature extractors for the inputs of temperature, building height, downward shortwave radiation, and horizontal velocity. We train the SR model with sets of low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) images from buildingresolving large-eddy simulations (LESs) in an urban city. The generalization capability of the SR model is confirmed with LESs in another city. The estimated HR temperature fields are more accurate than those of the bicubic interpolation and image SR model that takes only the temperature as input. Except for the temperature input, the building height is the most important to reconstruct the HR temperature and enables the SR model to reduce errors in temperature near building boundaries. The analysis of attention weights indicates that the importance of building height increases as the downward shortwave radiation becomes larger. The contrast between sun and shade is strengthened with the increase in solar radiation, which may affect the temCorresponding author. 2-12-1-i9-111 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 1528550, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 57343173 (office). Email address: email@example.com ar X iv :2 10 8. 00 80 6v 1 [ ph ys ic s. ao -p h] 2 A ug 2 02 1 perature distribution. The short inference time suggests the potential of the proposed physics-informed SR model to facilitate a real-time HR forecast in metropolitan areas by combining it with an LR building-resolving LES model.


Forty-four preschool children, ranging in age from 19 to 49 months, served as subjects for the investigation. The record for each child included his age, a running account of his complete activity, including verbalization, the number of trials required to solve each testsituation, the time spent at each trial and its distribution over the various activities. The following conclusions were based upon these records as data.


In Africa, four genera represent the family Psittacidae; of these, the genus Poicephalus Swainson is endemic and comprises nine species. Three subspecies of the Cape Parrot, Poicephalus robustus (Gmelin), are often recognized. The endangered nominate subspecies, P. r. robustus, inhabits afromontane forest habitats and is endemic to South Africa. Poicephalus r. suahelicus (Reichenow) occurs in low-lying woodland in south-central Africa. The little-known third subspecies, P. r. fuscicollis (Kuhl), historically occurred from Angola through West Africa but is now common only in the Gambia where it occupies habitat similar to that of P. r. suahelicus. Validity of these subspecies has been examined using morphological and ecological characters. Poicephalus r. suahelicus and P. r. fuscicollis are most similar morphometrically and in plumage colour. The nominate subspecies and P. r. suahelicus showed several significant morphometric and colour differences, although local populations are parapatric in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Clancey's (1997) proposals are adopted with P. robustus considered a separate species from P. fuscicollis (with two subspecies P. f. fuscicollis and P. f. suahelicus).


The present invent refers to a film destined to the stowage of parenteral solution for the sterilization of micro organisms. Its first finality is to replace the flask of low density polyethylene for a bag with the similar procedures of the utilization of transfusion and collection of blood bags.


Sustainability emerged as a result of the architectural trend changes witnessed by the natural environment, and the various development, that affected the various sectors in the current era is the most important of the built environment and the construction sector, where sustainable architecture that respects the environment, maintain the resources. Furthermore verify the needs of users based on a set of environmental principles and strategies that meet the eco-friendly building and for sustainable urban spaces to be friendly with the environment. The most important element must be reviewed by the design of these spaces is the choice of materials used so that they are materials to achieve sustainable environment. So research aims to examine the role of materials and their applications at the urban hardscape level and stand on the most important points, and contemporary trends adversely affecting its processors and positively to their development. Also discuss general environmental and human health impacts of materials and products industry, provide tools, techniques, ideologies, and resources for evaluating sourcing and specifying sustainable site materials and its energy which resulting from embodied, construction, maintenance, and recycling.


ABSTRACT In this work, an attempt has been made to develop nonwoven fabrics by needle punching technology and comfort characteristics of needle punched nonwoven fabrics are analyzed with respect to thermal conductivity, water absorbency, and air permeability. Box-Behnken experimental design was used to study the influence of parameters such as needle punch density, needle penetration depth and fabric areal weight on thermal conductivity, water absorbency, and air permeability. From the responses, it was noted that the maximum water absorbency of 494% and air permeability of 79 cm3/cm2/s and minimum thermal conductivity of 0.0251 W/mK was achieved at needle punch density 75 punches/cm2, 8 mm needle penetration depth and fabric areal weight 150 g/m2.


RESEARCH A N D CLINICAL observations of the past several decades have made it increasingly clear that neither a simple behavioral model nor a simple disease concept can adequately explain alcoholism. The illness is too complex and alcoholics too heterogeneous for any single set of explanations to account for the data. Like many other diseases, alcoholism is not merely a physical problem, but a psychological and sociocultural problem as well. Mind and body enter into the development and maintenance of the disease, as do society and culture. An illustration from general medicine might be helpful. Consider coronary artery, or "heart," disease. Suppose a person is predisposed by his or her genetic history to develop problems with cholesterol and other blood fats. Further suppose that this person has been raised in a society in which fast foods are plentiful and numerous chain food outlets provide easy access to cheese, fatty beef. potatoes fried in lard, ice cream, doughnuts, and so forth. And imagine that this hypothetical person has been encouraged by family and friends to eat this fat-laden food. Is it any wonder that he or she is stricken by a heart attack at an early stage? The ingredients are all there: a genetic history, behavior that is ultimately self-destructive, and a society and culture that encourage unhealthy eating patterns. In a sense, alcoholism in the United States is a disease not unlike coronary artery disease. I t involves genetic predisposition, behavior that is ultimately self-destructive, and a society and culture that encourage unhealthy patterns of consumption of alcoholic beverages.


Gully erosion is the dominant environmental problem in southeast Nigeria and has led to loss of human and material resources. In this study, we evaluated changes in gully characteristics in southeast Nigeria and their potential drivers between 2009 and 2018 using a multi‐method approach: analysis of high‐resolution satellite imagery (2–5 m) and focus group discussions. Gully numbers increased from 26 to 39 and mean gully length increased from 0.39 to 0.43 km. We found that land adjacent to rivers had the highest concentration of gullies which is associated with an increase in slope angle from 10 to 58% up to 500 m from rivers. Regarding potential gully‐drivers, land‐use changes were observed. Non‐vegetated lands increased from 58.6 to 144.7 km2 between 2009 and 2018, while reductions in fallow lands from 281.2 to 57.8 km2 were observed. Results from focus group meetings indicate there was no gullying in the area before the Nigerian civil war (1967–1970). War‐time activities such as digging trenches and increased population density were said to have led to the formation of the oldest gullies in the area. Although war‐time activities have ceased, meeting attendees believed that present land‐use changes have increased the volume of surface runoff and thus enhancing gully erosion. Incorporating local knowledge in this study has therefore provided a valuable understanding on the key drivers of gullying that pre‐dates the availability of freely available high‐resolution satellite data.


A su(cid:14)cient condition for secure ping{pong protocols is repretsented. This condition, called name{ su(cid:14)xing , is essentially to insert identities of participants in messages. We prove its su(cid:14)ciency and discuss the feature of security in terms of name{su(cid:14)xing.


ABS TRACT Objective: This study aims to examine knowledge-be- haviours of patient relatives, who applied to the Gaybi Efendi Family Health Centre (FHC) in Kütahya, towards traditional-complementary practices. Material and Methods: Study sample consists of the relatives of the patients who are treated at Gaybi Efendi FHC in Kütahya. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to 330 patients' relatives, the study was conducted between Oc- tober and December 2019. In the relevant dates, individuals who received service from the relevant institution in three months formed the population, those who agreed to participate in the study formed the sample. Results: The majority of participants included in the study were students, homemakers. 71.7% of the participants were women, 87.7% of them did not receive training in traditional-complementary medi- cine, 60.7% of them reported that traditional-complementary practices could be used without consulting a doctor, 51.6% of them said that tra- ditional-complementary practices could be used for simple diseases, 42.1% of them said that traditional-complementary practices delay get- ting medical treatment, 36.4% of them said scientific evidence is necessary in traditional-complementary practices. University graduates, students and women were found to be more sensitive to the thought that scientific evidence is needed for traditional practices (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found out that the groups with low education, with extended families, males had insufficient correct information about tra- ditional practices and they need training. The problem arose that those without social security tended to these practices without consulting a doctor, and the misdirection of low-income people to these practices revealed the necessity of multidisciplinary planning on the subject.


With the continuous reform of China's education system, China's education is to enhance its teaching management program. Taking the second-level teaching as the main management plan, in order to ensure the quality training of the second-level teaching can also ensure the stable development of the talents, and then the construction of the secondary management system is crucial for the undergraduate education. In the construction of secondary teaching, it is necessary to clarify the methods of teaching management to strengthen the supervision of secondary education in colleges and universities. Establish an evaluation system and reward mechanism on the information management platform, and improve the information of various feedbacks to ensure the orderly conduct of the second-level teaching.


PURPOSE: A simple enclosure service using a high-speed point-to- point serial bus is provided to offer a simple enclosure service using a high speed point-to point serial bus. CONSTITUTION: The enclosure service in a computer system comprising a host computer and at least one target device is supplied on a functional path, favorably a comparatively high-speed point-to-point serial bus between the host computer and at least one target device. At least one target device and the host computer respectively have a full power operation mode and an auxiliary power mode. The host computer generates the enclosure service command and transmits it, on the functional path, to at least one target device. At least one target device, even in the auxiliary power mode, can receive the enclosure service command and respond to it.


Abstract The uniaxial viscosity and sintering stress of WC–10Co–0·9VC (wt-%) were obtained by a loading dilatometer as functions of fractional density (0·64<ρ<0·93) and temperature (1084<T<1297°C) according to a Newtonian constitutive law commonly used to simulate sintering. The viscosity is suggested to follow In η = a+Q/RT+bρ with the values of a = 52·3±4·5 and b = 16·8±0·2. Q reflects the temperature dependence of η and estimated to be 502±52 kJ mol−1. The sintering stress exhibited almost a constant value in the range of 0·05–0·4 MPa. It is shown that Rahaman's model best fits the experimental results. This paper describes experiments performed on nanostructured WC–Co feedstock to provide information on the characteristics of powder injection moulding green parts that are needed for sintering simulation. The validity of the calculation is addressed on the base of microstructural changes upon sintering.


A high-performance CMOS band-gap reference (BGR) is designed in this paper. The proposed circuit employs the current-mode architecture optimized for low supply voltage applications. The key portion of the circuit employs the Brokaw BGR architecture, in which a three-stage operational amplifier is adopted to get high PSRR and only first-order temperature compensation technology is employed to get a low temperature coefficient. The circuit is on the Chartered 0.18 μ m CMOS process under the operating voltage of 1.8V and its simulation results are presented. The simulation results show that the temperature coefficient is 9 ppm/°K over the −40°C to 125°C temperature range and the fluctuation of reference voltage is within 0.067m V when the power voltage changes from 1.44V to 2.16V. In addition, the PSRR is 108.5dB at 10 kHz, and the power consumption is only 0.355mW1


We prove a generalization of Birnbaum's theorem, which states that the sufficiency and conditionality principles together entail the likelihood principle. Birnbaum's theorem poses a dilemma for frequentists, who typically accept versions of the former two principles but reject the third. Our generalization of Birnbaum's theorem relies only on axioms for qualitative/comparative, conditional probability. Statistical reasoning is just one among many types of reasoning, and so norms for statistical reasoning ought to be special cases of norms for reasoning more broadly. Thus, one way of assessing the plausibility of the three major approaches to statistical inference – frequentistism, likelihoodism, and Bayesianism – is to assess to what extent their underlying principles generalize to everyday reasoning. And to model everyday reasoning, it might be impractical, unfruitful, or misleading to model agents as if they (i) know the precise numerical likelihood functions associated with various experimental outcomes and then (ii) update (perhaps unconsciously) their precise numerical degrees of belief upon making such observations. In this paper, we argue that a central argument for likelihoodist and Bayesian approaches to statistical inference generalizes naturally to evidential reasoning that involves only qualitative comparisons of the form "A given B is more likely than C given D." Specifically, we generalize Birnbaum's theorem that the sufficiency and conditionality principles – which frequentists often endorse – together entail the likelihood principle, which frequentists universally reject. In §1, we begin with a few philosophical remarks about modeling belief using comparative, conditional probability; this section motivates the specific framework we have chosen for generalizing Birnbaum's theorem. In §2, we review the sufficiency, conditionality, and likelihood principles. We motivate the three principles, explore their relationship to Bayesian and frequentist methods, and finally, review Birnbaum's theorem and its proof. This section is extensive to make the paper self-contained, but all but §2.3 can be skipped by readers familiar with the likelihood principle and Birnbaum's theorem. In §3, we generalize the three statistical principles and prove a generalization of Birnbaum's theorem. In §4, we conclude by discussing further philosophical implications of the theorem and avenues for future research.


Nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4−x) was synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment using ammonium thiosulfate as an oxidant. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The visible-light-driven photocurrent measurement was performed by several on–off cycles of intermittent irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of catalysts was evaluated by splitting water under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Results demonstrated that the photoactivity of g-C3N4−x was enhanced greatly by the deficiency of the terminal amino species on the catalysts. The average H2 evolution rate on g-C3N4−x was 31.6 μmol h−1, which was ca. 3 times higher than that on pristine g-C3N4. It was revealed that the unique nitrogen-deficient structure of g-C3N4−x played an important role in broadened visible-light absorption and efficient electron–hole separation, mainly accounting for the improved photocatalytic activity.


This paper describes the Hybrid Equations (HyEQ) Toolbox implemented in Matlab/Simulink for the simulation of hy- brid dynamical systems. This toolbox is capable of comput- ing approximations of trajectories to hybrid systems given in terms of differential and difference equations with con- straints, called hybrid equations. The toolbox is suitable for the simulation of hybrid systems with different type of trajectories, including those that are Zeno and that have multiple jumps at the same instant. It is also capable of simulating hybrid systems without inputs, with inputs, as well as interconnections of hybrid systems. The structure, components, and usage of the simulation scripts within the toolbox are described. Examples are included to illustrate the main capabilities of the toolbox.


The South Carolina counties classified as coastal are Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry and Jasper. These eight counties comprise the coastal zone management region of the Ocean and Coastal Resource Management division of the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control The report examines the influence of these counties on the State's economy.


The investigated gravel-pit lies in the hinterland of the Pomeranian end-moraine zone. The structures in the sediment are strongly influenced during the glacier's recession. Especia11y the margins of the pit show strong deformation. Until now the sediments have been interpreted as subglacial tunnel deposits. Moreover the whole sequence is considered to be discontinuous. It has been suggested that Weichsel-2, Saale-2 and possibly Weichsel-l diamicton should occur in the outcrops. Several organic layers have earlier been identified as Eemian peats, which should divide the Weichselian from the Saalian diamicton.
According to this study the sediments in the southwestern part of the pit represents a continuous sedimentacy sequence, laid down during the disintegration of stagnant ice of the Pomeranian stage. The sediments consist of interbedded diamictons and fluvial sands.
The diamicton beds are interpreted as flow tills, deposited in troughs parallel to the stagnant ice margin. Thus the stacked diamicton beds does not represent several glacier advances or oscillations, as previously suggested. Since the Quarternary stratigraphy in northeastern Germany is based on borings, it has possibly to be controlled by lithostratigraphical and sedimentological principles.


Background and Aims: Second generation supraglottic airways are increasingly being used in surgical patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Preventing aspiration at higher airway pressures may be at the expense of a higher cuff pressure which can impair mucosal perfusion. We attempted to elucidate whether Ambu AuraGain™ (AAU) would provide a higher oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) with a lower mucosal pressure in comparison to ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway (PLMA). Methods: This was a prospective randomised study involving sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia, using either AAU (Group AAU [n = 30]) or PLMA (Group PLMA [n = 30]) for elective ventilation. Primary outcome measure was the OLP. Number of insertion attempts, ease of insertion, time required for placement and calculated pharyngeal mucosal pressure were the secondary outcome measures. Data were analysed using Student's t-test and Chi-square test. Results: No significant difference in the OLP was noted in both groups. The ease of insertion and success rate at first attempt was similar between the groups. Time taken for insertion in Group AAU was longer than Group PLMA (13.57 ± 1.94 vs. 11.60 ± 2.22 s). The calculated pharyngeal mucosal pressures were lower with Group AAU than Group PLMA for all 3 sizes. The minimum cuff pressure and minimum cuff volume required to prevent leak were found similar in both groups. Conclusion: AAU provides adequate sealing pressures and effective ventilation with lower calculated pharyngeal mucosal pressure, compared to PLMA.


A mean-field theory for the coil to globule transition of polymers in critical binary fluids is presented. We show using the uniform expansion method how the density fluctuations of the solvents can bring about the collapse transition close to the critical temperature. When the size of the polymer is comparable to the correlation length of the solvent density fluctuations, we find that a polymer undergoes a partial collapse in a mixture of good solvents of slightly different quality. We calculate the blob size of a partially collapsed chain, which depends on the preferential adsorption of better solvent onto the polymer. On length scales smaller than the blob size, the chain is self-avoiding; on length scales larger than the blob size it is collapsed with R ≃ N1/3. Close to the critical temperature, the blob size of the polymer is found to depend on the nonclassical critical exponent η.


The research on identification and recognition of impact craters on planetary surface is focused on how to detect them from background. A novel sequence algorithm is proposed to crater detection that utilizes DEM data instead of images. By investigating the features of ideal craters, several constraints can be developed to extract candidate crater edges from other topographies. Based on the fact that the shape of most craters is approximate to an ellipse, the Least Median Square Ellipse Fitting Method can be used to exclude pseudo-edges, and to reserve the real edges which contain the feature of the crater. The location, orientation and other physical parameters of the crater can be determined by fitting real edges to an ellipse based on Robust Least Square Method. Mathematical simulations are performed with the moon DEM data. The results show that the topography-based crater detection algorithm offers an effective method for identification and characterization of ellipse-like impact craters, and the accuracy is high enough.


Received: 29 July 2019 Accepted: 28 November 2019 A problem that is common in agriculture but not very publicized, thanks to the absence of victims, is the rollover of Centre Pivot and Lateral Move irrigation systems. These accidents are due to particularly-strong winds acting on the spans, and they are potentially very destructive for the installations. Also, the restoration phase of the installations requires always an intervention of lifting of the machinery on the field, with a potential further damage to crops (setting) and land (compaction). Given the basic inevitability of the phenomenon, due to atmospheric events, these rollovers could be however limited e.g. by proposing a system design granting a higher stability. Therefore, we have firstly modelled the rollover dynamics of these systems, considering the geometry, the masses, the forces acting on them (wind, gravity), the position of the centre of gravity. Then, thanks to morphometry, we have investigated booms' stability as a consequence of a proportional or not-proportional alteration of the system sizes, in particular: the upscaling of supports, done by some manufacturers, and the lengthening of spans, often required by customers. Morphometry is a method born in biology, typically used to describe and analyse statistically the shape variations within and among samples of organisms as a result of growth, experimental treatments or evolution. As the idea of evolutionary adaptation is intrinsic in the technical evolution of human-made systems (models, variants) operated by manufacturers, also artificial systems can be studied or improved via the morphometry, as operated here. The output of this study is a physical model of rollover and a sensitivity analysis of a reference configuration for an irrigation boom. Thanks to these analyses, we were able to demonstrate, for example, how a scaling-up of boom supports, respectful of geometric ratios, can increase the system stability despite the elevation of the pressure point of the wind on the frame.


World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized traditional medicine/ complementary medicine (TM/CM) healthcare system as an 'integrative system' and only four countries including China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea and Vietnam fall into the group that count on the integrative system [1]. Especially, Republic of Korea is highly evaluated to provide one of the globally recognized TM/ CM healthcare systems because it is provided within and through national health insurance (NHI).


Accurately detecting cellular structures in fluorescence microscopy is of primary interest for further quantitative analysis such as counting, tracking or classification. We aim at segmenting vesicles in TIRF images. The optimal segmentation scale is automatically selected, relying on a multiscale feature detection stage, and the segmentation consists in thresholding the Laplacian of Gaussian of the intensity image. In contrast to other methods, the threshold is locally adapted, resulting in better detection rates for complex images. Our method is mostly on par with machine learning-based techniques, while offering lower computation time and requiring no prior training. It is very competitive with existing unsupervised detection algorithms.


In this paper, we apply a robust optimization technique to power systems with some uncertain factors. To this end, we formulate a convex quadratic problem with uncertainty for the power system optimization. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.


Keyword: Effectiveness Carica papaya Against Solanum lycopersicum Pagar Alam is one of the tomato supply areas for South Sumatra. Tomatoes are often attacked by pests, such as aphids. Aphid (Aphid sp.) is one of the main pests and important vectors that can transmit viral diseases that cause death and decreased production in tomato plants. Tomato growers are usually used to treat aphids using chemical insecticides which can damage agricultural land and have a negative impact on the environment. For that condition, we need to find a solution that is using alternative vegetable insecticides from papaya leaves (Carica papaya). The sample in this study was a 2 month tomato plant with 20 imago aphids on each tomato plant. The treatment given to aphids was 5 treatments with 5 replications. There are 5 concentrations of papaya leaf extract that were used, that is 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. This research aim is to find out the effectiveness of papaya leaf solution (Carica papaya) as a plant-based insecticide, aphids were sprayed 100 ml per spray with observations of contact time 24 hours and 48 hours. The results showed that the administration of papaya leaf extract was effective in killing aphids, the higher the concentration, the greater the percentage of aphetic deaths. Based on analysis of variance (Ansira) 24 hours and 48 hours showed F arithmetic> from F table and accepted at 1% level means that papaya leaf extract has a very significant effect on aphids death. The LSD test showed that each concentration had a significant effect on lice mortality. Results of LC50 probit analysis after 24 hours of treatment were at 45% concentration. Article history: Received: 21/06/2019 Revised:15/07/2019 Accepted: 21/08/2019


Electron induced radiation damage in a high Tc superconductor Ba2YCu3Oy, where y varies from 5.8 to 6.5, was examined by electron diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Disordering of Ba and Y layers in the A-sites of the tri-perovskite structure is induced by an intense electron irradiation. Radiation induced product probably has a cubic structure with a=0.41 nm, which is slightly larger than a, b and c/3 values, 0.38-0.39 nm, of an original Ba2YCu3Oy structure.


Alzheimer's disease shares inflammatory origin with cardiometabolic disorders. Lipid mediators, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids are potent regulators of inflammation, energy metabolism and cell proliferation with well-established involvement in cardiometabolic diseases. However, their role in Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. In the current study we provide comprehensive analysis of plasma and CSF lipid mediators in a case-control comparison of patients with Alzheimer's disease, utilizing a targeted quantitative mass spectrometry approach. In both plasma and CSF, we observed Alzheimer's disease patients to have elevated components of cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway and lower levels of fatty acids ethanolamides, when compared to the healthy controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that circulating metabolites of soluble epoxide hydrolase together with ethanolamides are strong and independent predictors for Alzheimer's disease. Both metabolic pathways are potent regulators of inflammation with soluble epoxide hydrolase being reported to be upregulated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. This study provides further evidence for the involvement of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease and argues for further research into the role of the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway and fatty acid ethanolamides in this disorder. Further, these findings suggest that a combined pharmacological intervention targeting both metabolic pathways may have therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease.


Publisher's description of the volume:

The fashion media is in the midst of deep social and technological change. Including a broad range of case studies, from fashion plates to fashion films, and from fashion magazines to fashion blogs, this ground-breaking book provides an up-to-date examination of the role and significance of this field.

Winner of the PCA/ACA Ray and Pat Browne Award for Best Edited Collection, Fashion Media includes chapters written by international scholars covering topics from historic magazine cultures and contemporary digital innovations to art and film, exploring themes such as gender, ethnicity, design, taste and authorship.

Highlighting the complexity of processes that bind design, design, technology, society and identity together, Fashion Media will be of be essential reading for students of fashion studies, cultural studies, visual culture studies, design history, communications and art and design practice and theory.

This volume was co-edited by Djurdja Bartlett, Shaun Cole and Agnes Rocamora, who also authored the introduction.


Law in the movies is rarely frivolous but often glamorous. In Rona Jaffe's bestselling novel of 1958, The Best of Everything, Caroline Bender, out on a first date with Paul, expresses her disappointment when he reveals that he is not going to do 'courtroom work' after law school but 'contracts and corporations. There's a lot of money in that'. Caroline continues: 'Somehow I always thought of the lawyer being clever in a courtroom as a very romantic figure ... Too many movies, I guess. But I'm a little disappointed you aren't one of those. I've always wanted to meet one.'1 The romanticised lawyer figure of the public imagination is in many ways the focus of Film and the Law; as the authors comment:


The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an automatic material spreading machine utilizing a storage battery as a power supply. The automatic material spreading machine consists of a machine body, a transmission mechanism, a power mechanism, a poking mechanism, fixed handles, a universal wheel, a bracket, front wheels, nuts and front axle racks, wherein the transmission mechanism consists of a front driving wheel, a front chain, a front axle chain wheel, a front axle, a rear driving wheel, a rear chain and a poking chain wheel; the poking mechanism consists of a guide groove, a feed trough and a poking shaft; the feed trough is fixed on the bracket; the guide groove is fixed at the bottom of the feed trough; the poking shaft is arranged on the bracket, and connected with a rotating pair of the bracket; the power mechanism realizes the normal operation of the poking mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The automatic material spreading machine solves the problem of time and energy wasting in the conventional manual material spreading process, and has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in efficiency and the like.


UNSTRUCTURED
 Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult.
 Since the beginning of the pandemic, a major reorganisation of all hospital wards, including dermatological wards, has been carried out in order to make medical and nursing staff available in COVID wards and to prevent the spread of infection. These strategies, which were also adopted in our clinic, proved to be effective, as no staff members or patients were infected by the virus. Now, thanks to the global decrease in SARS-CovV2 infections, it is necessary to make dermatological wards accessible to patients again, but it is also essential to adopt specific protocols to avoid a new wave of infections.


Background India has a massive noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden, at an enormous cost to the individual, family, society, and health system at large, despite which prevention and surveillance are relatively neglected. If diagnosed early and treated adequately, risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease would help decrease the mortality and morbidity burden. Surveillance for NCDs, creating awareness, positive lifestyle changes, and treatment are the proven measures known to prevent the progression of the disease. India is in a stage of rapid epidemiological transition, with the state of Kerala being at the forefront, pointing us towards likely disease burden and outcomes for the rest of the country in the future. A previous study done by the same investigators in a population of >100,000 revealed poor awareness, treatment of NCDs, and poor adherence to medicines in individuals with CVD. Objective This study aimed at assessing a sustainable, community-based surveillance model for NCDs with corporate support fully embedded in the public health system. Methods Frontline health workers will check all individuals in the target group (≥age 30 years) with further follow-up and treatment planned in a "spoke and hub" model using the public health system of primary health centers as spokes to the hubs of taluk or district hospitals. All data entry done by frontline health workers will be on a tablet PC, ensuring rapid acquisition and transfer of participant health details to primary health centers for further follow-up and treatment. Results The model will be evaluated based on the utilization rate of various services offered at all tier levels. The proportions of the target population screened, eligible individuals who reached the spoke or hub centers for risk stratification and care, and community-level control for hypertension and diabetes in annual surveys will be used as indicator variables. The model ensures diagnosis and follow-up treatment at no cost to the individual entirely through the tiered public health system of the state and country. Conclusions Surveillance for NCDs is an essential facet of health care presently lacking in India. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has a long gestation period in progression to the symptomatic phase of the disease, during which timely preventive and lifestyle measures would help prevent disease progression if implemented. Unfortunately, several asymptomatic individuals have never tested their plasma glucose, serum lipid levels, or blood pressure and are unaware of their disease status. Our model, implemented through the public health system using frontline health workers, would ensure individuals aged≥30 years at risk of disease are identified, and necessary lifestyle modifications and treatments are given. In addition, the surveillance at the community level would help create a general awareness of NCDs and lead to healthier lifestyle habits. Trial Registration Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2018/07/014856; https://tinyurl.com/4saydnxf International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/27299


Macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory lesions (1). By virtue of their functions, strategic location, and wide tissue distribution, these cells can determine susceptibility and resistance to infection. It appears that macrophages can delay and prevent the spread of infection to susceptible cells. However, where infectious agents with cytopathic properties can replicate freely within macrophages, widespread destruction of tissues may follow. Furthermore, infected circulating macrophages can disseminate infection by migration through the vascular compartment, with distribution of an infectious agent to susceptible organs. Inf lammatory lesions may also result from a series of events starting with the direct interaction of infectious agents with the macrophage. This results in the production of monokines, which stimulate T cells to release lymphokines, which stimulate the macrophage bearing the infectious agent, e.g., listeria monocytogenes (2, 3). Macrophages, in addition to their phagocyte functions, can secrete substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes as well as other biologically active products in response to inflammatory stimuli. Such products may contribute to the pathogenetic process (4). A second host defense system that may be activated in response to infection is the coagulation system. The consumption of proteins of the coagulation pathways coupled with the local or disseminated intravascular formation or deposition of fibrin is of diagnostic significance in a number of lesions, including acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (5), Henoch-Schonlein purpura (6), hyperacute renal allograft rejection (7), acute tubular necrosis (8), lupus erythematosus (9), and the Shwartzmann reaction (10). The perivascular deposition of fibrin is one of the earliest features of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (11). Activation of the coagulation system is frequently associated with active rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases (12). Cells of the lymphoreticular system possess low basal procoagulant activity of a poorly defined character; however, significant procoagulant activity (PCA) 1 can be * Publication 2476 from the Immunology Department. Supported by grant CA-28166 from the National Cancer Institute, grant NS 15211 from the National Institutes of Health, and a grant from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. :~ Recipient of a Medical Research Council of Canada schlolarship. Present address is Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. § Recipient of National Institutes of Health Teacher Investigator award NS 0048. l Abbreviations used in this paper: DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FCS, fetal calf serum; LDs0, lethal dose 50%; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MHV-3, murine hepatitis virus type 3; MOI, multiplicity of infection; PBM, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PCA, procoagulant activity; PFU, plaque-forming units.


This paper introduces the basic components of vehicular laser scanner system and its applications.It also introduces the main function modules of Terrasolid.Then it discusses the whole procedure of laser cloud points processing,from framing,calibration,coordinate transformation,classification,to the production of DEM and DLG.


In this paper heterogeneous wireless cellular networks based on two-tier architecture consisting of macrocells and femtocells are considered. Methods of femtocells deployment and management are explored in order to determine their effects on performance of wireless cellular networks. Thus, network performance parameters are described and analytically calculated for different two-tier network architectures. A specific approach is presented in the paper, where calculations of the network performance parameters are supported with some of the results obtained using an appropriate simulation tool. In such a manner, energy efficiency of the considered two-tier network architectures is studied by introducing a number of so called green metrics. It is clearly shown that significant energy efficiency, as well as throughput, improvements can be achieved by adopting heterogeneous architecture for wireless cellular networks.


With the absence of a linear structure on a σ-algebra of sets, an accepted concept of convexity on it is defined through Morris sequences. Some known results on such a convexity for scalar valued set functions are generalized to cone convexity of vector valued measured set functions. Finally these notions are exploited in a study of vector optimization involving the latter functions, a study in which cone-optimal and proper cone-optimal solutions are characterized in a duality setting.


This article describes an unusual bridge reconstruction for the Murray Baker Bridge near Peoria, Illinois. The reconstruction was necessary in order to accommodate improvements at an interchange that was suffering from increased traffic congestion and traffic accidents resulting from substandard safety features and design deviations. The project is of interest in that the truss at the north end of the bridge for the project was shortened by 180 feet in order to allow for the construction of approach ramps needed to improve safety and traffic flow. The work on the truss was conducted over a period of six months with 16 major pins holding it together. The bridge is also comprised of two trusses side by side, which necessitated coordinating the cuts in order to reduce torsion from areas carrying loads that they were not previously designed to carry. A number of utilities located below the truss were also affected in the construction, all of which had to be carefully negotiated to avoid breaking them. The article also discusses the how local community was allowed to select the new paint scheme for the bridge that would enhance the attractiveness of the bridge by day. For nighttime enhancement, an LED-based lighting scheme was installed on the upper and lower cords of the bridge.


This article explains the application of VLAN technology on campus net,including the introduction of its definition,division and advantages.And also research the application of VLAN according to our campus net.


The inheritance of blue pattern flower (BPF) expression was investigated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The BPF trait was derived from accession line G07262, and the flowers express blue banner petal and white wings with blue veins. Crosses between a BPF stock and three other parents, tp mic long micropyle stripe BC3 5-593,t z Fibarcus BC45-593, andt Z bip ana Fibmarginata BC35-593, allsegregated in F2for BPF or whiteflowers in a 9:7 ratio, respectively. Progeny tests in F3 from two of the crosses supported the hypothesis that two complementary dominant genes control BPF expression and permitted a genetic linkage estimate of cM = 32.4 ± 7.91 map units between p mic and one of the two genes for BPF. A cross between tzfi bvirgarcus BC3 5-593 and T Prp i - 2V BC2 5-593 demonstrated thatt Prp i -2did not express BPF. Two crosses, T Prp i - 2V BC2 5-593tp mic BC35-593 and 5-593 ·a BPF stock, segregated in F2 for plants expressing BPF in a 3/16 frequency. The combined data demonstrated that a new gene, t bp (bp = blue pattern), interacts with Prp i -2 to express BPF and that P is linked with Prp i -2 by 32 map units. The dominance order at the T locus is T > t bp > t. The pedigree source of the t bp gene and the heterogeneity of PI 632736 ( tp mic long micropyle stripe BC3 5-593) are discussed.


There is a new drive towards enhancing the status of indigenous crops in South Africa in the hope to improve nutrition among local households while conserving home-grown knowledge.


Subproject A2 of this joint research project investigates macrocell formation with the main emphasis on geometrical influences. Another important aspect that will be investigated within the next years is the time dependence of the anodic activity and the macrocell current. Hence, this subproject provides key data for the final design model. The investigations on macrocells were carried out by laboratory experiments and additionally by numerical analyses to increase the available database especially with respect to geometrical influences. Thereby all specimens were designed to represent practical conditions, i.e. slabs or beams with a localised depassivation. Based on these results, it is possible to model the macrocell current under steady-state conditions. Chloride induced corrosion at real structures, however, is influenced by many time-dependent factors, i.e. temperature and polarisation behaviour of depassivated reinforcement parts. In order to implement the time dependence into the probabilistic design model extensive laboratory tests on about 110 macrocell corrosion specimens are actually carried out. During a time span of two years, electrochemical measurements and visual inspections are conducted on the test specimens to investigate especially the time-dependent behaviour of the anodically acting parts. The determination of the characteristic corrosion patterns and metal removal of the anodic areas is achieved by a unique three-dimensional optical technique using high-resolution digital cameras. and laboratory measurements were carried out. Then numerical simulations of the laboratory specimens were performed. After a successful calibration of the calculations by the measurement results parameter studies were carried out. A numerical simulation allows to study galvanic systems under constant steady-state conditions, but for a damage model one has to consider the time dependence of the corrosion process. Especially the anodic polarisation behaviour is time-dependent because corrosion pits at the surface of depassivated steel bars can change their quantity and size. New pits can occur and existing pits can repassivate. In terms of a time-dependent damage model these issues will be investigated in a comprehensive testing series. 2 MACROCELL CORROSION AND GEOMETRICAL EFFECTS 2.1 Laboratory experiments 2.1.1 General As the focus is directed on geometrical effects the concrete composition and exposure conditions are kept constant for all specimen. The concrete composition is


This fact book provides historical background and perspective on the nuclear testing program at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Nuclear tests contributing to the off-site deposition of radioactive fallout are identified, and the concept of cumulative estimated exposure is explained. The difficulty of associating health effects with radiation is presented also. The status of litigation against the government and legislation as of September 1994 are summarized.


As relevant definitions and results are already discussed in preceding chapters (i.e. Chapters 1 and 2), so there is no reason to revisit those again. As far as results of this chapter are concerned, these are proved using newly introduced concepts of subcompatibility and subsequential continuity contained in [33] (Bouhadjera, GodetThobie, Common fixed theorems for pairs of subcompatible maps, 17 June 2009. [math.FA]). Also, we prove common fixed point theorems for a pair of maps in convex metric spaces which are essentially patterned after a theorem of Huang and Li (Fixed point theorems of compatible mappings in convex metric spaces, Soochow J. Math. 22(3) (1996), 439—447). In process, we also derive some related fixed point theorems and utilize a few of these results to prove theorems on best approximation. Essentially, the following theorem due to Huang and Li [93] has inspired our studies in this chapter. Theorem 3.1.1.([93]) Let (X , d) be a convex metric space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X . If (T ,S) is a compatible pair of self-mapping defined on K such that for all x, y ∈ K, d(T x,T y) ≤ ad(Sx,Sy) + bmax{d(Sx, T x), d(Sy, T y)} +cmax{d(Sx,Sy), d(Sx, T x), d(Sy, T y), 1 2 (d(Sx, T y) + d(Sy, T x))} (22.214.171.124)


A three-injector CoJet system was designed and Installed at Nucor Steel-Hertford. This article details the start-up and operating results of the first Consteel furnace to successfully use multifunctional sidewall burner/lance technology.


Total synthesis of batzelladine K (1), a marine guanidine alkaloid, was achieved based upon successive 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of cyclic nitrone. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established by spectral comparison of the natural and synthetic products and the trans-isomer, which was also synthesized.


The integration of existing information resources is difficult to be achieved, resulting in the single form of information resources and incomplete knowledge framework. To solve such problem, under the background of the integration of production and education, this paper puts forward a design scheme of information resource management platform based on MVC mode, taking the teaching of Business Administration major as an example. Firstly, on the basis of clear platform requirements, the principle process of the system is determined by systematically learning ontology, service-oriented architecture and web service integration theory. Then, with the support of J2EE technology, through the data analysis and tracking design of teaching resource database, various resource display forms are realized according to the different requirements of users with different permissions. Similarly, the search engine toolkit for full-text retrieval of teaching resource database are called. Finally, the prototype system of basic data resource platform based on service integration is developed and tested. The results show that the scheme can effectively improve the teaching efficiency and teaching quality, which also has potential application value.


Healthcare networks are becoming ubiquitous, yet it is unclear how hospitals with varying quality capabilities would fare by being affiliated with large healthcare networks. The purpose of this paper is to first consider the deductive configuration perspective and distinguish high and low quality hospitals by using clinical and experiential quality as two dimensions of quality capability. Next, it examines the impact of healthcare network size on operating costs of hospitals. Additionally, the paper investigates the interaction effect of hospital demand and healthcare network size on operating costs.,The paper uses a dataset that was created by combining five separate sources. Cluster analysis technique is used to classify hospitals into four groups – holistic quality leaders (high clinical and experiential quality capability), experiential quality focusers (low clinical quality capability and high experiential quality capability), clinical quality focusers (high clinical capability and low experiential quality capability), and quality laggards (low clinical and experiential quality capability). The authors test the research hypotheses by means of regression analyses after controlling for several contextual characteristics.,The results show that affiliation with large healthcare networks reduces operating costs for quality laggards, but increases these costs for experiential quality focusers and clinical quality focusers. The hypothesized positive relationship between healthcare network size and costs is not supported for holistic quality leaders. The authors find that clinical quality focusers and holistic quality leaders can complement higher utilization levels in their operations due to increased demand and healthcare network size to reduce their operating costs per day.,There has been increasing evidence suggesting that hospitals must carefully manage both clinical and experiential quality. By focusing on both clinical and experiential quality, unlike experiential quality focusers and clinical quality focusers, holistic quality leaders are not adversely affected by the size of their network. The results suggest that experiential quality focusers and clinical quality focusers should either embrace holistic quality management or restrict the size of their networks to maintain their quality level and to reduce coordination costs.


The field data and related analysis for four residential and one commercial heat pump installation are presented. Results that cover both heating and cooling operation are presented for an initial period of one year. Additional results reflecting changes in heat pump equipment and controls are presented for selected sites. The results of this program are of interest to electric utility representatives in need of quantitative heat pump performance data. The building structures, the associated heat pumps, and the instrumentation system used to record the performance data are described. Data summaries are then presented which quantify the actual operating characteristics and performance of these heat pumps in both heating and cooling modes of operation.


e16137 Background: Fibrolamellar Carcinoma (FLC) is an extremely rare (< 50 cases/year US), distinct type of primary liver cancer, unrelated to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), affecting healthy children and young adults that often presents at an advanced stage. Surgery is the only known cure, but is only possible in half of patients, and, even with surgery, there is an 80% relapse rate. Loco-regional therapies can make surgery possible or replace surgery, allow systemic therapy time to work, and prolong life. However because of the paucity of data and the common misunderstanding of treating FLC as a "variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)" it is often assumed to be radio-resistant. For example, the 2021 NCCN Guidelines give no specific recommendations for radiation in FLC but classifying FLC as a "variant of HCC'' recommend 25 1.8Gy fractions (45Gy) with a boost to 50-60 Gy for external beam radiation(EBRT) and 3-5 10Gy fractions for stereotactic body radiation (SBRT). In their HCC reviews, the New England Journal of Medicine (2020), ASCO (2019), and the Fibrolamellar Cancer Summit (2017) do not discuss radiation. This is the largest collection of FLC patients treated with radiation in the literature to date and will hopefully inform clinicians of the option to use radiotherapy in this difficult to treat cancer. Methods: We reviewed the literature for cases of FLC treated with radiation after 2000. With IRB approval, (ORA#19071603), we collected data on all Rush FLC patients treated with radiation. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize this group of patients. Results: We found 29 instances of EBRT or SBRT treating FLC: 3 case reports, 21 of our patients (two had multiple (2 and 4) distinct treatments). Of these 24 (13F/10M/1 Unknown), median age at diagnosis/start of treatment 17(11-40)/23(13-45) underwent radiation with a median dose of 36 Gy (20-50). Ten of 27 were considered "palliative" treatments. High fraction therapy (> 10 fractions) was used 9 times while low fraction therapy (≤ 10 fractions) 16. Biological Equivalent Dose median was 0.36108(0.2008-0.505). Six patients were treated concurrently with nivolumab. Mean prior systemic therapies was 2.6 (0-10) and 5 patients received prior radiation. Fourteen patients underwent SBRT, 10 conventional, 2 IMRT, and 2 unknown. Best response by RECIST 1.1 of the 27 instances with outcome data, was 21 CR, 2 PR, 2 PD, and 2 SD, for a objective response rate (CR + PR) of 85% and a cancer control rate (CR + PR + SD) of 93% at a median follow up of 13 months. In 18 out of 29 instances (62%), surgery was avoided after radiation. Late recurrence was noted in 2 out of 26 instances (8%). Conclusions: FLC is a rare disease lacking radiation guidelines. Our data strongly suggest radiotherapy can be effective with a variety of doses and strategies. We hope our report will encourage clinicians to consider EMRT/SBRT as part of a multi-modal approach to this difficult to treat cancer.


The report is a follow-up to one the panel released last year, titled "Access Denied," which said that inadequate finances were the primary barrier keeping many of the neediest students from pursuing a higher education. In the earlier report, the committee accused the federal government, states, and colleges of abandoning the neediest students by shifting resources away from need-based aid to bolster more politically popular programs that aim to make higher education more affordable for middle-class families. (See an article from The Chronicle, March 2, 2001.)


This article deals with the creation and development of the tourist destinations. The authors describe different types of development-related destination appeal, propose a logically interconnected sequence of stages in the formation of the desired profile of a tourist destination, and show that, in order to ensure effective functioning, it is imperative that economic and mathematical modeling to assess the potential of the current and achievable competitiveness of tourist destinations be used. The proposed model allows to calculate the quantitative effect of attracting investment to the development of tourist destinations. The defining characteristics are the coefficient of efficiency of economic activity of a tourist destination, and the efficiency ratio of a tourist destination. The authors introduce a new measure — the coefficient of tourist loyalty to a destination (coefficient of return tourist business) and propose a formula for calculating the integral index of the efficiency (competitiveness) of a tourist destination. In the article, the authors consider the basic principles of forecasting, which are to be taken into account in the course of the development-forecast model construction; provide a description of forecast models, and identify the properties required of an efficient forecasting model.


This article analyzes an example of the persistence of pre-Hispanic religious beliefs following the start of the Jesuit evangelization campaign in Sonora. It describes the façade design element on the church at Opodepe, and the inclusion of the "flute player" theme.


We analyzed the ground tilt anomalous maps recorded by Wushi and Aheqi stations from 1988 to 1998, and found the relation is good between it and M4 earthquakes around it 250 km especial in Keping fault. The characteristics of anomalous maps is gourd bunch, dislocation and dithering, etc, the anomalous duration is from 1 day to 74 days, but mainly centralized in 3 days before earthquakes. In the end, we discussed the mechanism of the anomalous maps.


Operations on regular languages have been studied for fifty years, but several major problems remain wide open. This paper surveys the semigroup approach to these problems. We consider successively the star-height problem, the Straubing-Therien's concatenation hierarchy and the shuffle operation. On the algebraic side, we present Eilenberg's variety theory and its successive improvements, including the recent notion of C-variety.


The results of extensive yearly screening (2014–2020) of ortho-phthalate ester levels in textiles sent to a quality control laboratory by textile companies from southern European and northern African countries are presented. Six different regulated phthalates: benzyl butyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-iso-decyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate, were measured in 4729 samples of textile materials from 10 different groups. Analyses were carried out according to the standard gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy procedure, as described by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. The results revealed a high level of compliance with the European Union legislation (97.25%). In the group of noncompliant samples (total phthalate content >0.1% w/w), positive results were due to the presence of two or more phthalates in almost 60% of the cases. The phthalate esters most commonly detected were di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, followed by di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-butyl phthalate. In the group of compliant samples (total phthalate <0.1% w/w), the same frequency of occurrence was identified, but in this case most of the samples (almost 90%) contained only one phthalate. In addition, a growing tendency for a decrease in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels and an increase in di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-iso-decyl phthalate concentrations were detected throughout the study, due to replacement of the former by the latter in the use as a plasticizer. No significant differences between countries were noted with regard to the frequency or concentration of phthalates in the textile samples. The study findings contribute to advancing knowledge about the phthalate content of textiles and to evaluating and controlling the potential risks of exposure to these compounds.


York; surely those entries have greater detail and specification than most land records, since they formed the basis of the Redemption Act of that year. Obviously, acreage and assessed values are but imperfectly correlated, and this can be demonstrated with alternative data for the same period. A sample of 42,438 properties (or property bunches) drawn from the census of property values in the United States in 1798 shows a coefficient of .977 for the elasticity of acreage with respect to assessed values with an R of .40. There were many small properties of large value and more parcels per inhabitant in a state like Connecticut than farther west. A major study of land distribution in England, Scotland, France, and the United States in about 1800 ultimately will be made. Were Ginter part of that study, he could focus needed attention on the problem of measurement error. Even cadastral distributions dealing with small parcels may not offer enough detail: Norwegian farms might easily have three or four owners with varying degrees of ownership and rental rights.


Since the 21st century,the investment policy of rural compulsory education in China has realized "three transformations": the investment subjectivity has changed from "the farmer" to "the government",the investment management system has changed from "primarily by the villages and towns" to " primarily by the county ";and the charge means has changed from "the multi-fee system" to "one fee system",and further to "free system".But in order to guarantee the policy's actual effect,we must accelerate the legal system advancement of rural compulsory education investment,perfect rural compulsory education funds shift payment system,enhance the investment level folk capital,and reform government achievements appraisal system.


Elastic backscattering of helium ions accelerated to 6.2 MeV has been used to determine the compositional depth profile of thin films of high Tc superconductors. The higher than normal bombarding energy allows separation of the contributions from Cu, Y and Ba in the measured spectra for film thicknesses up to about 5500 A, rather than about 1000 A by standard RBS at 2 MeV. An added benefit of the higher energy is greatly enhanced yield from nuclear elastic scattering by the light elements C and O at backward angles. This non‐Coulomb scattering process increases the scattering cross section by a factor of about 10 for oxygen and 50 for carbon, thereby increasing by a comparable amount the sensitivity for profiling C and O in thin films on useful substrate materials. Quantitative analysis for C and O requires the use of standards to ascertain the enhancement factor for the scattering cross section when compared to the well‐known Rutherford value.


ABSTRACT Public relations (PR) scholars have highlighted the discipline's responsibility to advocate for marginalized groups against the backdrop of fully functioning society theory (FFST), which emphasizes how collectives, issues, and ideas undergo appraisal for collective decision-making. What is in need of scholarly inquiry is how marginalized groups struggle to assert the legitimacy and authenticity required to influence collective decision-making when appraisals of worth are predicated on the cultural context that marginalizes them. This essay explicates legitimacy and authenticity alongside culture and marginality to investigate the specific advocacy challenges that marginalized groups face. Ultimately, it presents theoretical extensions for FFST, urges PR to consider the differences between facilitational and representational advocacy approaches for marginalized groups, and encourages PR scholarship and practice to legitimize lived experience. While this essay primarily draws examples from a specific marginalized group within mental health advocacy, consumers/survivors/ex-patients, it also offers reflections for other marginalized groups.


Background  The serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) is a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a responsible mediator for the itch. Dysregulation of serotonergic pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many complex neuropsychiatric diseases.


In preliminary studies on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) studies on solids, we constructed PAS cells from stan dard ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) components, all with Conflat type copper crush ring flanges. This effort shows that usable PAS cells can be made with items available in many labora tories. Thus extensive machine shop work is not necessary to obtain data. Some workers doing optoacoustic spectroscopy on gases have resorted to an acoustically resonant cylindrical cavity. The main users of this approach were Dewey, Rosengren, Kamm, and Goldan and Goto. Theoretical analysis of the cylindrical configuration leads to the lowest resonance being determined by the root of a Bessel function in the radial equation. Quimby et al. have also used resonant cavities to study solids. Their approach made use of the Helmholtz resonant effect. Here we present results obtained using organ pipe resonances constructed from these standard UHV components. The possibility of doing this has been alluded


Shows a scene with a curved bay, pohutukawa trees blooming at the left, people strolling along the beach, four figures on horseback, and sailboats on the water at the right.
Other Titles - Lithographed
Extended Title - From the New Zealand Graphic Christmas number 1894, page 7.
Quantity: 1 colour art print(s).
Physical Description: Chromolithograph, 130 x 322 mm.


Supplementary Figure 1, provides a means by which the contour length calculation can be cross-checked. In an " active " mode measurement the separation of the system is controlled dynamically to maintain a constant optically applied force 1. In such a measurement, the packaged contour length is determined directly from this change in separation and the elastic behavior of the tether at the known force. In a " passive " mode measurement, in which the trap separation is constant, the contour length is calculated from the displacement change of each bead, the force change, and the change in the absolute extension of the molecule 2. Since each packaging segment will pass through the same optically applied tensions as the previous segment, effectively creating a two point active mode measurement between segments, semi-passive mode measurements allow both type of calculations to be performed. This provides a means by which the accuracy of the contour length calculation can be determined. Explicitly, the observed change in contour length obs L ∆ between the points at which the applied tension reaches a value 0 F in two adjacent passive mode segments is determined by adding three contour length changes 1 L ∆ , the observed contour length change from the force set point to the end of the packaging segment, 2 L ∆ , the observed contour length from the beginning of the next segment to the contour length at which the tension reaches the same force value, and 3 L ∆ , the contour length packaged during the reset time, t ∆ , estimated from the observed velocity of the initial segment, i.e. t v L ∆ = ∆ 3 (Supplementary Figure 1.) This sum, reflecting