It is important that management and leadership of upper secondary schools facilitate the success and wellbeing of staff members as well as that of students. Servant leadership is a philosophy of communication, management and leadership first presented by Robert K. Greenleaf in 1970. Servant leadership is considered a philosophy rather than a leadership style or a leadership theory as the servant leader is, in principle, a focused leader practicing different leadership methods given the situation and context. Servant leadership focuses on shared accountability, self-knowledge and mutual support and is practiced by a balance of being a servant and a leader. Open communication and trust are cornerstones of servant leadership where shared responsibility and consensus are essential for successful strategy and decision making. The servant leader is first among equals and he or she is trained in balancing being a servant and a leader demonstrated by, for example, humility in communication and clear accountability. There are many indications from previous research in various international settings that point to the usefulness of servant leadership. Focus on servant leadership in organizations has been linked to job satisfaction, successful teamwork, trust and the prevention of burnout among staff. Previous research concerning servant leadership in education has shown significant links between servant leadership among school managers and job satisfaction among staff. Servant leadership of school managers has also been linked to intrinsic motivation among teachers. Few studies are available about servant leadership in the Icelandic educational system. Based on evidence from previous studies suggesting the advantages of servant leadership it was decided to investigate the level of servant leadership among upper secondary school staff and the link to job satisfaction. A questionnaire survey was conducted in seven Icelandic upper secondary schools. A new Icelandic version of Jim Laub's instrument, the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA), was used to measure the level of servant leadership within different areas of the organizations and to assess job satisfaction. The questionnaire includes questions on attitudes towards servant leadership as demonstrated and experienced by school management, general staff and the individual participant. Participants were all staff members; the total number of participants being 219. The majority of participants were teachers (80%), general staff, 11% and managers, 8%. Findings show that participants report the level of servant leadership being 3.25 – 3.72 on the scale of 1 to 5 which reflects that they think the characteristics of servant leadership exist to some degree within the schools. School managers reported the highest scores but teachers the lowest. Among OLA subscales receiving highest scores by all participants were the scales: values people and builds community. Lowest scores were received for the subscales: develops people and shares leadership. Participants are in general satisfied at work (85.1%). A strong positive and significant link was observed between total servant leadership scores and job satisfaction and between all servant leadership subscales and job satisfaction. Study findings are in line with previous research and provide indications that with higher levels of servant leadership within upper secondary school job satisfaction is likely to be higher. The findings provide important clues as to schools' potential to strengthen the focus of servant leadership in some areas, namely regarding developing staff and sharing leadership. The subscale develops people is for example related to providing opportunities for people to develop to their full potential and to grow professionally, creating an environment that encourages learning and building people up through encouragement and affirmation. The subscale shares leadership covers questions referring to the leader being humble and not promoting him or herself, leading on the basis of personal influence rather than positional authority and not seeking special status or perks of leadership. According to the findings, increased focus on these two areas would strengthen servant leadership within the schools and thus be beneficial for job satisfaction among staff. The study contributes to the development of knowledge regarding servant leadership and to the discussion about successful ways to support upper secondary schools and stimulate job satisfaction among staff.


In wireless communications, high demand for superb video and audio quality increases the required transfer data rate. The unlicensed 7GHz bandwidth at V-band in North America has been drawing a lot of attention by companies and research institutions. Research topics done using CMOS fabrication, which appears to be a more appealing process due to its high level of integration, have been demonstrated to be a viable semiconductor for gigabit wireless at 60GHz [1]. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, the maximum radiation power for 60GHz systems can reach up to 40dBm [2]. However, due to device limitations such as low maximum operating frequencies and low breakdown voltage, very few power amplifier (PA) designs using CMOS processes with high output power have been reported. To date, medium- to high-power amplifiers in this frequency range are normally implemented using III–V semiconductor fabrication processes.


Indoor human speed estimation is critical to in-home health monitoring of elderly people since it can provide the moving status of the human. Contactless indoor speed estimation with radio signals is challenging due to the complicated relationship between the speed of moving human and radio signals. In this article, we propose an indoor speed estimation framework, SpeedNet, to estimate the speed from the radio signals. Specifically, SpeedNet first extracts the dominant path signal reflected from the human through the beamforming technique. Then, SpeedNet obtains the doppler frequency shift (DFS) corresponding to the moving human by analyzing the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrogram of the dominant path signal. Finally, SpeedNet trains a deep neural network composed of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) to utilize the spatial and temporal features of DFS to estimate the speed of moving human. The experimental results show that SpeedNet can estimate the human moving speed with an average accuracy of 96.33% in a typical indoor environment, which is better than the state-of-the-art approaches.


A plurality of wireless system access technologies, for example, the first group of devices and methods for system selection from a (s 3GPP2 technology) and a second group (the 3GPP technologies) are provided. In one embodiment, the method may include the step of storing the identification information belonging to the first group in a database, the database may be related to the priority of the access technology of the access technologies pertaining to the second group. The method may also include the step of selecting a preferred access technology from one of the first and second groups based at least in part on the identification information stored in the database.


Many COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition where the lungs cannot provide the body's vital organs with enough oxygen. Patients with ARDS are usually placed on ventilators to help get enough oxygen into their bodies. Now, new research presented at the 'virtual' European Respiratory Society International Congress has found that having fewer different types of fungi in the lungs is linked to increased severity of disease in ARDS patients.


Introduction Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of organisms (Petr Karlovsky, 2008). It is in this sense they are called "secondary" but this does not imply that they are in anyway unimportant. They exert various biological effects, often at very low concentrations, and can be regarded as carriers of chemical communication among organisms. Contrary to primary metabolites, secondary metabolites are not ubiquitous in the living organisms which produce them and they are rarely conserved over a wide taxonomical range (c.f. primary metabolism is conserved among phyla and across kingdoms). Usually, they are produced through a long chain of intermediates involving several enzymes. Generally they are created from modified primary metabolites, or from substrates of primary metabolite origin. Some are produced all the time (i.e. constitutively) while others are produced after induction. By now, some 150,000 natural products are known, of which about 80% originate from plants.


The history of the book is everywhere, so widely diffused that it merits comparison with the famously elusive Scarlet Pimpernel, whose pursuers sought him without success. Like that figure, book history passes among us in disguise, reluctant to reveal its presence even as it gains ever-greater recognition. In some quarters, it lurks within the domain of bibliography, a field of scholarship dedicated to describing the histories of printed texts and, in the service of this enterprise, concerned with the details of book-making. Elsewhere, book history installs itself within descriptions of libraries and education, sharing, with the first of these, a concern for how old books were accumulated and classified and, with the second, for the many ramifications of literacy and the fashioning of schoolbooks. Together with the history of journalism it studies how news was disseminated and ponders the significance of periodicals, be these newspapers or magazines. Political history has been another convenient site of disguise in the wake of efforts to connect the public sphere and concepts of nation with the emergence of print culture. And, of course, book history has enjoyed a long and fruitful kinship with literary history, a relationship freshly energized in recent decades as literary historians turned to describing the rise and remaking of a canon and to emphasizing the mediations that all texts undergo—the "sociology of texts," to borrow a phrase made famous by D. F. McKenzie. To this list we can add the version of intellectual history that reconstructs the reading of a person or group and employs this data to generalize about the coming of the Enlightenment and similar formations.


The Mindouli deposit (equatorial Africa), which consists of copper, lead, and zinc minerals occurring as replacements of massive dolomite (Schisto-calcaire) or younger Precambrian coarse-grained sandstones adjacent to a fault zone, and locally in veins along the faults, is described as representative of a number of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits in the lower Congo region.


In order to acquire the thoughts from the biology and design electronic system with high reliability using mechanism from biology,the development of bio-inspired electromagnetic protection is summarized newly appeared these years.The content of investigation about bio-inspired electromagnetic protection is illustrated and the fruits having been obtained are displayed.Biological neural system is a high complicated information processing and controlling system with the characteristic of self-organization and self-adaptation.And neural system is very robust for its ability of fault tolerance.So a novel thought to study bio-inspired electromagnetic protection is discussed based on the way of neural information processing and coding,as well as implementation by integrated circuit.


An extension to the standard FDTD formulation aimed at modelling the micromagnetics of materials together with the solution of Maxwell's equations is presented in this paper. Numerical computations using actual thin film head geometries were carried out with the purpose of validating the method. The analysis of results revealed the importance of the method for modelling electromagnetic interaction with lossy magnetic material in the presence of current and magnetic sources. Index Terms — FDTD Computations, Equation of Motion, Eddy Currents, Magnetic Losses, Micromagnetic Model, Recording Heads, Magnetic Recording, Thin Film Heads. I. I NTRODUCTION Advances in recording speeds have reached a point where the micromagnetics of the heads have become a physical limit. Consequently, to continue with the rise in areal storage densities and to push towards higher recording speeds, research has been focused on understanding and improving flux propagation and reversal times in thin-films inductive recording heads [1], [2]. The flux reversal time is the time required in order to obtain a response from the magnetic flux (inside the head circuit) to changes in the write current waveform. Minimising this time in the head yoke reduces the rise time of the writing fields in the pole tip region and allows shorter and well defined magnetic transitions to be written onto the storage medium [3]. High-speed experimental studies using the timeresolved magneto-optical Kerr microscope on magnetic thin-films [1] and on thin-film recording heads [2] have contributed to furthering the understanding of the switching mechanisms in these magnetic structures. With the reduction of the size of the active regions in thin-film recording heads [4], the ability to observe the flux distribution during switching in the pole tip region of heads is becoming beyond the optical resolution of this technique. As a result, modelling and simulation are becoming increasingly important as alternative tools to understand the flux reversal process in these small head features and to enable the optimisation of write head designs. This motivated the study of the contribution and effect of eddy currents when working at high frequencies, e.g. developing non-destructive evaluations of conductive materials by means of eddy current imaging [5]. Static models of characterising magnetic heads include equivalent circuit models, transmission line models and finite elements models [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. These are either time independent or limited in the frequency domain to the fundamental response, and ignore the magnetic detail of the head material. Dynamic models, on the other hand, utilise full micromagnetic description of the magnetic material [12], but the absence of electromagnetic formulation in these models neglects the eddy current effect coming from time varying fields in the finite resistivity thin-film materials. Therefore the need arises for a dynamic model that combines the solution to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields with micromagnetic models of the material to accurately simulate the reversal process in magnetic heads. Modern computational methods such as the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm will play a key role in modelling magnetic heads in the future [13]. The FDTD method solves the electromagnetic phenomena for a given geometry inside a computational space and, as a result, the magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic fields are given for the whole computational space. This research extends 717 1054-4887 ' 2012 ACES ACES JOURNAL, VOL. 27, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2012 Submitted On: March 1, 2012 Accepted On: July 22, 2012 the standard FDTD algorithm to model the micromagnetics of materials together with the solution of Maxwell's equations having in this manner a better description of the reversal process. Studying and characterising the fast switching process (dynamics) in thin-film heads is the main aim of this work which will be achieved through FDTD computations of actual thin-film head geometries. The advantage provided by this study is that magnetisation motion can be simulated considering electromagnetic interaction in lossy magnetic material by making use of the FDTD method and the LLG equation (having a better description of the reversal process). This paper is organised as follows, Section II formalises the general electromagnetic theory and the micromagnetic model formulation for non-linear magnetic materials which form the basis behind the numerical work in this research. Section III presents the discretisation of the equation of motion. Space and time synchronism, boundary conditions and stability of the extended method are dealt with in Sections IV, V and VI respectively. In Section VII the numerical experiments carried out are presented followed by an analysis of results. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main findings in Section VIII. II. NON-LINEAR M AGNETIC M ATERIALS When linear magnetic materials are considered, the magnetic flux densityB is proportional to the external magnetic fieldHapp by a constant called the permeability of the materialμ. However, when considering non-linear magnetic materials, the following equation applies B = μo(Happ + M ) (1) where the magnetisation vector M is taken into account to calculate the magnetic flux density. Extending the FDTD method to non-linear magnetic materials requires to start by considering Maxwell's curl equations for a general medium. ∂B ∂t = −∇× E (2)


Abstract : The history on slit to agar samplers shows that the first published description was on a system using 10 cm petri plates. At some point after the 1950's samplers that collected biological aerosol particles on 15 cm plates appeared. More recent patents have been filed that described slit samplers using 10 cm plates, usually citing economics as the prime motivation. Yet workers have cautioned that the smaller plates can become saturated when heavy aerosol clouds are encountered. In applications where the slit sampler is used as reference collector when biological detectors are under test, heavy clouds may often be encountered. This report will demonstrate how to determine performance characteristics of slit samplers designed for either 10 or 15 cm plates. It will also show the importance of controlled replicate measurements providing data suitable for rigorous statistical analysis. The results indicate that for measuring biological clouds of between 5 to 30 agent containing particles per liter of air (ACPLA) the 15 cm plate sampler design is more efficient than those targeted for the smaller collection surface. A statistical method has been employed to test difference between regression slopes.


Abstract SEVERAL reports have appeared in the literature concerning the feeding of antibiotics to laying and breeding birds. For example Brown, Robblee and Clandinin (1953) reported that the addition of penicillin did not improve egg production, fertility or hatchability. Similar reports have been made by Sunde, Halpin and Cravens (1952) and by Berg et al. (1952). On the other hand Carlson et al. (1953) reported increased egg production and Elam, Jacobs and Couch (1953) have reported increased egg production and hatchability as a result of feeding antibiotics to laying hens. The latter report was based on caged layers and involved a comparatively small number of birds. Sizemore, Lillie and Bird (1952) have reported that aureomycin improved hatchability if the diet was deficient in B12. Because of the conflicting reports in the literature it has been decided to offer our evidence on the subject. These data involve a total of over 1500 …


The article is focused on the identification of evaporation and other natural processes which affect the isotopic composition of shallow groundwater in the Poyang Lake basin, such as water-rock interaction and mixing of the shallow groundwater and surface water. For this purpose the dual isotope approach (δD–H2O and δ18O–H2O) was used. The samples were collected from domestic wells around the Poyang Lake. The value of δD obtained for the shallow groundwater ranges from -21.5 to -42.6∘/∘∘. The δ18O value varies from -3.5 to -7.1∘/∘∘. It was found that the shallow groundwater of the Poyang Lake catchment is of meteoric origin. The influence of evaporation on the isotopic composition of shallow groundwater is negligible and observed mainly during the dry season. The deviation from the local meteoric water line, especially during the rainy season, may be explained by the processes in the water-rock system, but this issue is required further research.


The distribution of the wavelet coefficients in 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) subspaces can be well described by a Gaussian mixture statistical model. In this paper, a secret key based fragile watermarking scheme is presented based on this statistical model. The Gaussian statistical model parameters are obtained by an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and modified in a way to form special relationships for image authentication. The secret key is designed to securely embed a message bit stream, such as personal signatures or copyright logos, into a host image. Because of the secret embedding key, the new method is robust to most image tampering, even when the attackers are fully aware of the watermark embedding algorithms. Besides, the secret embedding key can be encrypted and embedded as a robust watermark into the same host image of the fragile watermarks for the benefit that the decoding of fragile watermarks only requires a single encryption key other than the image itself. The new method also has the advantage of changing only a few image data for watermark embedding and being able to distinguish some normal image operations such as compression from malicious to achieve a semi-fragile application


The current Japanese standard treatment for colorectal cancer is still upfront surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, however, the treatment results are unsatisfactory. For further improvement, an alternative method is to shift part of adjuvant chemotherapy to the preoperative period. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) could be introduced at any insti-tution, unlike chemoradiation (CRT), and has gradually become widespread in daily practice. On the other hand, NAC without CRT for poor-risk rectal cancer could be generally accepted in Western countries. Although long-term results after NAC and data for comparison with chemoradiation or upfront surgery are lacking, a few clinical trials recently demon-strated it. Survival after NAC and CRT might be equivalent, however, local control after NAC seemed to be inferior to that after CRT. NAC could be a treatment option in selected patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, treatment for locally ad vanced colorectal cancer should be personalized.


Because the acceleration pavement testing systems are different in the world, distance between the dual tires is also different, testing data from different systems have bad comparability. Aiming at that, finite element models are established according to actual pavement structure, asphalt pavement fatigue life is analyzed when acceleration pavement test was applied. Tire load with different distance between two tires is applied to them for one time and 200 million times, and then fatigue analysis is carried out, which will be used to analyze the differences while the distance between tires is changed. The results show that the difference is slight when one time load is applied, but it is great when 200 million times repeated load are applied. The testing data from different Acceleration Pavement Testing (APT) facilities shall eliminate the disparity before they are compared.


Epidemiological studies have shown an association between disinfection by‐products (DBP) of drinking water chlorination (DWC) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and indicated the involvement of DBP‐induced developmental toxicity on fetal brains. However, the precise mechanisms involved are not known. We report that dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a DBP of DWC, induces protein carbonylation in immortalized rat cortical astrocyte cells CTX‐TNA2 and pathological changes in the brains of fetuses of DCAN‐exposed pregnant albino mice. Exposure of cells to DCAN for 48 hr resulted in increased superoxide generation, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonylation, and inhibition of proteasomal activity. Oral administration of DCAN to pregnant mice resulted in low fetal body weight, neurodegeneration in the fetal cerebral cortex, redox imbalance and induction of apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum of the fetuses. Our data suggest that DCAN induces oxidative protein modifications and proteasomal inhibition which leads to accumulation of altered proteins in astrocytes, resulting in developmental pathological changes in fetal brains all of which result in APO. The findings provide insights toward understanding of the molecular basis of DCAN‐induced developmental pathologies and identify cellular pathways that can serve as tools for their prevention. (Supported by the Egyptian government)


Abstract : The rate constant data used by J. G. Sotter (1965) to model the induction zone of a double-base propellant are re-examined in the light of recent data. Revised constants are reported for most of the 20 reactions considered by Sotter; about five of the changes appear significant.


Even with the advances in technologies applied to the transport of persons and goods, the casualties on European roads remains unacceptable high. By making roads intelligent and forgiving towards the final user of the roads, being it the driver or vulnerable road user, the SAFE STRIP project wishes to reduce the number of casualties and improve the travel experience and comfort. This paper refers the results of the SAFE STRIP to the developments in the domain of cooperative systems.


The publication of this volune represents the first in a planned series of special publications on topics of major interest to workers in the fields of psychiatry and psychology. The series will be en- titled The Downstate Series of Research in Psychiatry and Psychology and is the outcome of a series of discussions among several senior members of the Department of Psychiatry held about four years ago. Included in this group, were Drs. Benjamin Kissin, Henri Begleiter, Leonard Rosenblum, Herbert Pardes, Norbert Freedman, and myself. The talks were initiated by Dr. Pardes, now Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado, and the resultant decision was t6 hold three day symposia, hopefully of such excellence that the published papers of each symposium would represent a significant con- tribution to some particular aspect of human psychology. This deci- sion necessitated the choice of suitable topics and distinguished speakers who would present original work coordinated into an inte- grated framework based upon a selected topic.


Abstract This paper presents a new device for the dosage of ozone in the gas phase. This device measures the concentration of ozone according to the isothermal differential pressure procedure. In principle, this procedure achieves a totally physical ozone measurement without requiring calibration using a chemical method. A comparison is made between the physical results and chemical results obtained by the iodometric standard method (IOA, 1987). There is satisfactory agreement between the two series of measurements in the range of ozone concentration where the chemical method is applicable (with a standard error of estimate of 4.4%).The method and the device are perfectly reliable based upon the strict measurements of temperature and pressure and a convenient choice of constitutive materials.


Hybrid opto, electro, and mechanical systems operating at several GHz offer extraordinary opportunities for the coherent control of opto-electronic excitations down to the quantum limit. We introduce here a monolithic platform for GHz semiconductor optomechanics based on electrically excited phonons guided along the spacer of a planar microcavity (MC) embedding quantum well (QW) emitters. The MC spacer bound by cleaved lateral facets acts as an embedded acoustic waveguide (WG) cavity with a high quality factor (Q ∼ 105) at frequencies well beyond 6 GHz, along which the acoustic modes live over tens of μs. The strong acoustic fields and the enhanced optomechanical coupling mediated by electronic resonances induce a huge modulation of the energy (in the meV range) and strength (over 80%) of the QW photoluminescence (PL), which, in turn, becomes a sensitive local phonon probe. Furthermore, we show the coherent coupling of acoustic modes at different sample depths, thus opening the way for phonon-mediated coherent control and interconnection of three-dimensional epitaxial nanostructures. ©2021 Optica Publishing Group. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.


XIAP(X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein) is inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP) family to most effective caspase inhibit,with inhibiting cell apoptosis,participate in the occurrence and development of tumor.In this paper,the mechanism,expression and treatment of XIAP were reviewed,expecting to provide a new method in diagnosis and treatment of tumor.


I 1964, the report of the Surgeon General brought documented and much needed attention to the serious health consequences associated with the use of tobacco.1 Despite the impressive body of literature that has been compiled since the release of that seminal report, much work remains to be done. In the United States, 46 million people still use tobacco, which is responsible for more than 440,000 deaths per year.2 Globally, approximately 47% of men and 12% of women smoke, causing an estimated 8 million deaths per year, and this number is expected to quadruple over the next 20 years.3,4 Economic losses associated with tobacco use are staggering, reaching an estimated $157 billion per year in the United States alone.2 Continued progress toward reducing and eliminating tobacco use will require a concerted, comprehensive effort at many levels. Several articles in this issue provide details and guidance as to how this undertaking should be approached. Mississippi has made some excellent progress in this area. As will be noted by Dr. Carver, broad efforts have been implemented in our state, with encouraging evidence of efficacy. Clearly, the most notable successes are in the realm of prevention of smoking onset and reduction in progression to regular tobacco use. A second area targets current tobacco users, predominantly adults. Progress in this area is slower, given the inherent difficulty in helping people quit tobacco long-term. In 1999, the ACT (A Comprehensive Tobacco) Center was funded by a grant from The Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi to address the cessation component of their state tobacco control plan. From the onset, ACT was developed based on three core, interrelated components: education, treatment, and research. Our efforts have witnessed substantial growth in all these areas. The ACT Center staff has extensive experience in the education and training of preand postgraduate health care providers to conduct brief clinic-based interventions. Our lectures and workshops are complemented by a follow-up System Implementation Visit to provide additional resources to support the clinical management of tobacco users. In addition, a program is now available to train health care professionals to become tobacco specialists. These persons acquire the skills necessary to provide more intensive treatment services. Practicum experiences are ongoing for students of numerous disciplines (medical, dental, pharmacy, and allied health), as well as postdoctoral training for psychologists via a joint program with the UMC Department of Family Medicine. The demand for ACT Center clinical services has steadily increased since our inception. Our population is diverse with respect to ethnic background (34% African American), gender (64% women), age (13–78), and other factors (broad range of income, education, work status, and insurance coverage). At this time, with little formal advertising, our clinic welcomes more than 125 new patients each month. We offer a high-intensity outpatient-based program. The ACT Center Research Program has adopted a broad-based research agenda. Our staff, in conjunction with faculty collaborators at our institution and several others, is developing lines of research that address genetic, physiological, clinical, and public health issues in tobacco use and cessation. Our initial studies, supported via internal funds, are now approaching completion. New research efforts are From the ACT Center (KMC, TJP), School of Dentistry (KMC), and Department of Medicine (TJP), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi. This work was supported in part by a grant from The Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi to the University of Mississippi Medical Center. We also extend our thanks to those organizations that provided generous support, and a much appreciated presence at our conference. Special thanks to GlaxoSmithKline for their educational grant that supported speakers (Elbert D. Glover, Ph.D., Arden G. Christen, D.D.S., Robert E. Mecklenberg, D.D.S.), and the Speakers' reception. The following organizations provided support for various conference activities: the American Heart Association, American Lung Association of Mississippi, the American Cancer Society, and Pfizer, Inc. The following organizations exhibited throughout the meeting: GlaxoSmithKline, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association of Mississippi, Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Mississippi, Mississippi SmokeLess States Alliance, Oral Health America, The Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi, Pharmacia Consumer Healthcare, Sensormedics, The Tobacco Education Research Center for Mississippi, and Tobacco Quitline Mississippi. Correspondence: Karen M. Crews, DMD, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216 (E-mail: email@example.com).


The qualitative and quantitative composition of technical aluminium phosphide was studied employing X-ray electron spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray diffractometry as well as gravimetric and gas volumetric methods. In addition to aluminium phosphide, AIN (8%), Al(1%) and Al(OH)3 (10%) were found. Al(OH)3 is produced by the reaction of AlP with H2O. Models describing this reaction in humid air and allowing for quantitative analysis are presented.


Purpose: Evaluation of tear film stability and tear secretion after phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Design: Prospective comparative randomized clinical study. Subject and methods: 40 Patients included in this study divided into, Group A: 20 eyes with phacoemulsification. Group B: 20 eyes with MSICS. All patients had full ophthalmic examination including Tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), schirmer test, corneal fluorescein staining and dry eye symptoms recorded pre- and post- operatively. All patients were done by the same surgeon randomly selected standard coaxial phacoemulsification or MSICS. Results: The mean age in group A 55.8 ± 15.8 while, 60.65 ± 9.2 in group B. Most of patients in group B were females (90%) versus 45% in group A with statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05). Grade of dry eye symptoms (DES) has significantly increased 1 week after each procedure and remained increased after 4 weeks of surgery. After 3 months, the grade of DES has decreased again and returned to near baseline data. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding TF-BUT, Cornea fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test. Conclusion: The present study has shown that MSICS is as effective as phacoemulsification with no difference between both techniques as regarding effect on tear film stability and tear secretion.


Borkent (2012) recognized 44 Neotropical species of Culicoides Latreille in the subgenus Hoffmania Fox. Of these, 33
belong to the C. guttatus species group and 11 to the C. hylas species group. One species in the latter group, Culicoides
baniwa Felippe-Bauer, was recently described based on a female specimen collected in Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira,
Amazonas, Brazil (Felippe-Bauer et al., 2009). The authors also include a key and a synopsis of the species of this group,
which includes seven species inhabiting the Brazilian Amazon Region.
The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate the previously unknown male of C. baniwa Felippe-Bauer
based on specimens collected with a CDC light trap at the type locality and in Peruvian Amazon. For ease of comparison,
the diagnosis of the female is also included.
Material and Methods. The males described herein were collected in Brazilian and Peruvian Amazon Area, slidemounted
in Canada Balsam in the manner described by Wirth & Marston (1968) and housed in the Entomological
Collection of Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), and the Museo de La Plata, Argentina (MLP), respectively. A
detailed description of the female of C. baniwa may be found in Felippe-Bauer et al. (2009). Terms for structures follow
the Manual of Central America Diptera (Brown et al., 2009).


The key elements of inter prediction are motion estimation(ME) and motion compensation(MC). Motion estimation is to find the optimum motion vectors, not only by using a distance criteria like the SAD, but also by taking into account the resulting number of 비트s in the 비트 stream. Motion compensation is compensate for movement of blocks of current frame. Inter-prediction Encoding is always the main bottleneck in high-quality streaming applications. Therefore, in real-time streaming applications, dedicated hardware for executing Inter-prediction is required. In this paper, we studied a motion estimator(ME) for H.264/AVC. The designed motion estimator is based on 2-D systolic array and it connects processing elements for fast SAD(Sum of Absolute Difference) calculation in parallel. By providing different path for the upper and lower lesion of each reference data and adjusting the input sequence, consecutive calculation for motion estimation is executed without pipeline stall. With data reuse technique, it reduces memory access, and there is no extra delay for finding optimal partitions and motion vectors. The motion estimator supports variable-block size and takes 328 cycles for macro-block calculation. The proposed architecture is local memory-free different from paper [6] using local memory. This motion estimation encoder can be applicable to real-time video processing.


The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid balanced diets with different protein levels on productive performance,fecal indices and N excretion of lactating sows.Sixty crossbred sows(Large White × Landrace) sows,with 3-6 parity,similar body condition and parturition dates were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups and each group had 15 sows,and the lactation length was 21 days.Four groups of sows were fed respectively diets with different crude protein(CP) levels 18%(control group),17%,16% and 15%,and the latter 3 diets were low CP amino acid balanced diets.The results showed that the productive performance,fecal moisture conten,fecal PH,the quantity of lactobacillus and the quantity of Escherichia coli of lactating sows was not affected negatively(P0.05),but the N excretion was decreased significantly(P0.05 or P0.01),while the reduction of dietary CP was 1% to 3%.


Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator.


The first South African diamond was found in March, 1867, and on examining its physical characters, it was pronounced by Dr. Atherstone to be genuine. When this stone was received in London, it created considerable interest, and also some degree of suspicion, some persons having asserted that it was brought forward for mercenary purposes; letters even appeared in the public papers implying that it was impossible it could have been found near Hope Town. As Dr. W. G. Atherstone, F.G.S., of Graham's Town (who in March, 1867, examined and pronounced the stone to be a diamond), is now in Bristol, I beg to offer a few general remarks on the Cape diamonds, and also to express in public my thanks to him.


The number of patients reporting side effects related to chemotherapy increased by more than 40 percentage points after the implementation of a chemotherapy toxicity screening form.


Contact Reviewer: Professor Clare Collins, PhD, BSc, Dip Nutr&Diet, Dip Clin Epi, FDAA NHMRC Career Development Award (CDA) Research Fellow HA12 Hunter Building, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308 Email: email@example.com Phone 02 49215646 Fax 02 49 217053 Reviewers Dr Tracy Burrows, PhD, BHs (N&D) (Hons), APD, Lecturer in Nutrition and Dietetics HA12 Hunter Building, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Phone 02 49215514 Fax 02 49 217053


Blood entering and leaving tibiae of normal dogs and dogs in states of low bone remodeling and high bone remodeling (hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism) was analyzed for ten-minute 85Sr clearances, arteriovenous differences in oxygen content, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and pH. The arteriovenous differences in oxygen content of tibial blood were the same in high, normal, and low-remodeling states. 85Sr clearance was decreased in dogs with low-bone remodeling and increased in dogs with high-bone remodeling.

The close adjustment of osseous blood flow, as indirectly determined by 85Sr clearance, with remodeling activity and the constant oxygen uptake indicate the importance of alterations in blood flow in meeting the increased nutritional demands of active tissues. These adjustments of blood flow through bone to changing nutritional needs suggest a metabolic factor linking flow to the tissue's need for nutrients.


The aim of this work was to compare three types of transport conditions on the appearance and progress of autolytic changes in samples of dead fry sent to be...


During a nine-month period, the authors saw 45 patients who came to the emergency room of the hospital seeking help in controlling their assaultive and destructive impulses. Some had feelings of global hostility and feared "running amok"; in other cases, the violent urges were focused specifically on another person, usually a wife or close relative. The authors were impressed by the fact that these people came to the hospital voluntarily seeking help; they regard it as one primary goal of therapy to encourage and condition such individuals to return whenever their violent impulses become overwhelming.


damping value λ, and for K-BFGS(L), the number of (s,y) pairs p that are stored and used to compute H l g at each iteration 1: μ1 = 0.2, β = 0.9 {set default hyper-parameter values} 2: λA = λG = √ λ {split the damping into A and G} 3: ∇̂f l = 0, Al = Ei [ al−1(i)al−1(i) >] by forward pass, H l a = (Al + λAIA), H l g = I (l = 1, ..., L) {Initialization} 4: for k = 1, 2, . . . do 5: Sample mini-batch of size m: Mk = {ξk,i, i = 1, . . . ,m} 6: Perform a forward-backward pass over the current mini-batch Mk to compute∇f l, al, hl, and gl (l = 1, . . . , L) (see Algorithm 1) 7: for l = 1, . . . , L do 8: ∇̂f l = β∇̂f l + (1− β)∇f l 9: pl = H l g∇̂f lH l a


Purpose – Calculating the exact top event probability of fault trees is an important analysis in quantitative risk assessments. However, it is a difficult problem for the trees with complex structure. Therefore, the paper aims to provide an efficient calculation method to obtain an exact top event probability of a fault tree with many repeated events when the minimal cut sets of the tree model are given.Design/methodology/approach – The method is based on the inclusion‐exclusion method. Generally, the inclusion‐exclusion method tends to get into computational difficulties for a large‐scale fault tree. The computation time has been reduced by enumerating only non‐canceling terms.Findings – The method enables the calculation of the probability more quickly than the conventional method. The effect increases as the number of repeated events increases, namely the tree structure becomes complex. This method also can be applied to obtain the lower and upper bounds of the top event probability easily.Originality/...


Summary Between 1969—72, a detailed geological mapping and a material testing of crystalline schists of Sopron Hills were carried out. This work yielded significant new results in the field of more profound knowledge of these rocks and by this means some important conclusions connected with their origin have also been drawn. Since the rocks here are considered as belonging to the "grobgneiss" formation group of the Eastern Alps, these conclusions can reckon on a wider interest than ours. The paper deals mainly with the derivation problems of mica schists and rocks formed by horizontal movements / leucophyllites and kyanite quartzites /.


The flour and oil of the kernel of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum Albidum Linn.) sourced from Maraba Gurku township of Nasarawa state was analysed to determine their potentials for industrial and human consumption. Standards methods were used to determine the proximate and mineral contents of the flour and physicochemical properties of the oil. The results obtained from the Proximate Analysis shows the kernel has a moisture content of 10.06±0.08 %, Ash content of 2.72±007 %, Crude lipid of 13.31±008 %, Crude Protein of 7.92±0.00 %, Crude Fibre of 1.59±0.00 % and Carbohydrate of 65.41±0.05 %. This suggests that the flour can be a used as an alternative to cereals in compounding animal feed. The results from the Mineral Analysis showed the kernel has 0.01 mg/g of copper, 0.01 mg/g of Iron, 37.50 mg/g of phosphorus, 57.37 mg/g of calcium and 0.44 mg/g magnesium. The Calcium-Potassium Ratio indicates the flour is a good source of calcium for bone formation. The Physicochemical analysis showed the oil has an Acid Value of 33.12±0.25 mgKOH/g, a Saponification Value of 184.90±0.29 mgKOH/g, an Iodine Value of 60.05±0.02 mgKOH/g, a Free Fatty Acid Value of 16.05±0.14 mgKOH/g, Peroxide Value of 2.10±0.10 m Eq/kg, Moisture of 3.36±0.08 %, Unsaponifiable Matter of 5.26±0.05 g/kg and an Ester Value of 151.78±0.15 mgKOH/g. The quality of the kernel oil falls below the standard for edible oil but the oil may be useful in the paint and cosmetic industry Keywords : Chrysophyllum Albidum, Kernel, Oil, Flour


: This paper addresses the vector stream similarity search problem , defined as: "Given a (high-dimensional) vector q and a time interval T , find a ranked list of vectors, retrieved from a vector stream, that are similar to q and that were received in the time interval T ." The paper first introduces a family of methods, called staged vector stream similarity search methods , or briefly SVS methods , to help solve this problem. SVS methods are continuous in the sense that they do not depend on having the full set of vectors available beforehand, but adapt to the vector stream. The paper then presents experiments to assess the performance of two SVS methods, one based on product quantization, called staged IVFADC, and another based on Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphs, called staged HNSW. The experiments with staged IVFADC use well-known image datasets, while those with staged HNSW use real data. The paper concludes with a brief description of a proof-of-concept implementation of a classified ad retrieval tool that uses staged HNSW.


In conclusion, the systemic environment was shown that negative environment was being created to deepen conflict, and the conflict processes could be changed in either positive or negative directions by the psychological environment and psychological resolution mechanisms proposed afterward. As the result that the psychological environment was improved into aggressive mood with constant communication effort with the interested parties, the psychological resolution mechanism was also presented in the suitable forms of aggressive communication. On the contrary, if developed psychologically negative environment, the psychological resolution mechanism was also negatively affecting the conflict processes with dogmatic and consistent response rather than flexible response suitable to the situations.


Fac Med Baghdad
2014; Vol.56, No.2
Received: Feb. 2014
Accepted March. 2014

Background: B.A is a relatively rare obstructive condition of the bile ducts causing neonatal jaundice. The etiology is unknown but is the result of a progressive obliterative process of variable extent.  If not treated, B.A is fatal within the first 2 years of life.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze & discuss the impact of many patients' factors on short-term outcome of patients with B.A who underwent Kasai operation in our department.
Methods:  A prospective study on 34 patients with B.A surgically managed at pediatric surgical department /Medical City during the period Nov. 2006 to Sept. 2013. The patients were followed-up for 2-3 months and the outcome were evaluated by morbidity and mortality rates according to different patients' parameters (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors) .
Results: the mean age of the infants was (61.6 ± 8.1) days with a female to male ratio of 1.27:1. All the patients had type ш biliary atresia. Infants with body weight < 3.5 kg were about 10 folds more likely to die than those with body weight > 3.5 kg. Infants who passed greenish bowel motion at the 4th – 5th postoperative day were about 6 folds more likely to die p.value= 0.026. Infants with postoperative anastomotic leak were about 7 folds more likely to die than those with no leak p.value = 0.013. Strong highly significant correlation had been found among high death rate and reoperation rate (r = 0.78 and p < 0.001). of the thirty four infants, 24 (70.6%) survived, unfortunately, 10 infants (29.4%) died. the ratio of death to survive was 0.4: 1.
Conclusions: the survival with native liver following drainage surgery for biliary atresia in our center, compared favorably with other international figures. Body weight, significant impaired liver function, severe associated anomalies, anastomotic leak and re-intervention, all, greatly contribute to increase mortality rate of those infants.


Readers of Concrete magazine voted Coventry Cathedral as the best concrete building of the century. The author visited te Cathedral to find out how concrete was used in the structure and how it has performed over 40 years.


The preparation technology of a novel chitosan LDL adsorbent with sulfonic group and Dodecylamine group was studied.The influence which the reaction time and the reaction temperature had made to adsorption capacity was studied.Experimental results primarily show that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to removal of total cholesterol (TC),Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol(LDL) can be 42.11% and 54.04% respectively. High-density lipoprotein Cholesterol(HDL)can be only 10%.It has a high selectivity.


Polyethylene(PE)/montmorillonite(MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ coordination polymerization by using a MMT MgCl 2 TiCl 4 catalyst activated by Al(Et) 3. The catalyst was prepared by firstly diffusing MgCl 2 into the swollen MMT layers, followed by loading TiCl 4 on the inner/outer layer surfaces of MMT where MgCl 2 already deposited on. The intercalation of MMT layers by MgCl 2 and TiCl 4 was demonstrated by the enlarged spacing between neighboring layers measured from WAXD patterns. The nano scale dispersion of MMT layers in the polyethylene matrix was characterized by WAXD and TEM observation. As consequence, tensile strength and tensile modulus of the nanocomposite materials were significantly improved as compared to virgin polyethylene of comparable molecular weight. The strong interaction between the uniformly dispersed nano dispersed montmorillonite layers and the resin matrix was thought to account for the remarkably enhancement in tensile properties.


ABSTRACT Kinetic data on the macroporous chelating ion exchange resin D751 containing iminodiacetic acid as ligand are presented. The experimental systems are R-Na / Cu(N03)2, R2Cu/HNO3and R-(Na+H) / Cu(NO3)2. Sorption and desorption rates of copper were measured in batch experiments by using a three-necked flask as the reaction vessel. The effective diffusion coefficients of copper have been calculated.


Most collocation extraction algorithms use a single set of criteria and a single threshold which is not quite appropriate because different types of collocations have different behaviors. This paper presents a window-based Chinese collocation extraction system, which identifies different types of collocations separately. By taking into consideration of compositional, non-substitutable, and non-modifiable properties as well as statistical significance, Chinese collocations are classified into four types. A multi-stage extraction system is then designed to separately identify different types of collocations by using different combinations of features. Furthermore, heuristic rules based on dependency knowledge are applied to filter out some pseudo collocations. Experiments show that the proposed system achieves better Fl performance compared to most existing algorithms for Chinese collocation extraction.


With the Solow growth model,this paper analyzes the investment efficiency from factors determining GDP in the expenditure approach.It also points out that the huge transference of surplus labor from rural area of China needs more capital in the urbanization process,that the upgrading of technology doesn't make the investment efficiency descend,which shows the investment growth is reasonable,and that citizen's consumption growth also confirms the conclusion that investment in China is efficient.


725 Background: Survival of young patients with breast cancer is poor. Although, research shows negative influence of a significant number of pathological factors on survival of breast cancer patients, there is no clear impact of presence of cancer emboli in blood vessels around tumor on survival of patients with premenopausal breast cancer, especially young patients with breast cancer.The aim of this study is to determine the impact of presence of cancer emboli in blood vessels around tumor on survival of young patients compared with middle age group. Material and method Study involves 2 groups of patients with stages II-III of premenopausal breast cancer. 375 patients were young age (20–35 years old), and 380 -middle age (36–45 y.o).Cancer emboli in blood vessels around tumor were analyzed on surgical specimens after mastectomy. 5 and 10- year survival was established by " life table" Method: Comparative analysis of 5- and 10- year survival rates done under influence of presence or absence of cancer emb...


During lytic reaction studies of Achromobacter species (Surdy and Hartsell, J. Bacteriol. 85:1011, 1963). An attempt was made to correlate lipid content with lytic resistance. Salton (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 10:512, 1953) reported that the lipid content of gram-negative bacteria was substantially higher than that of the gram-positive organisms. Bauman-Grace and Tomesik (Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 101:571, 1959) dem1 This report was taken from a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 2 Present address: Department of Biology, Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia. onstrated that with crude trypsin the digestibility of Bacillus megateriunt and the nondigestibility of B. cereus could be confirmed with crystalline trypsin only by pretreating the bacteria with fat solvents or by adding lipase. The test species of Achromobacter were subjected to various lytic systems (lysozyme, potassium hydroxide, butanol, steapsin, urea, freezing and thaving, and heat). The species were ranked from the most sensitive to the least sensitive-A. aquamarinus, A. butyri, A. viscosus, A. parvulus, A. guttatus, and A. hartlebii. Lipid determinations were made on whole cells and cell walls (Silberman and Gaby, J. Lipid Res. 2:173, 1961). No correlation existed 1174 NOTES


A Study of Edge Toric Ideals using Associated Graphs Yingyi Shen This thesis studies properties of edge toric ideals and resolutions by analyzing the associated graphs of algebraic structures. It mainly focused on proving that the repeated edges in a graph wouldn't change some properties of its underlying algebraic structure. An application of this result is that when we study multi-edge graphs, we can simplify infinite numbers of graphs to a simple one by deleting all the repeated edges.


547 Background: A systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) based on lymphocyte (L), neutrophil (N), and platelet (P) counts has been recently developed. In this retrospective analysis, we explored its prognostic and predictive value at baseline and changes at week 6 during first-line sunitinib in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Methods: We included 335 consecutive pts mRCC treated with first-line sunitinib for which P,N, and L data were available at start of therapy, and 6 weeks thereafter. The SII was defined as follows: SII = P x N/L. The X-tile 3.6.1 software (Yale University, New Haven, CT) was used for bioinformatic analysis of the baseline data to determine the cutoff value of SII. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with logrank test. The impact of SII conversion on PFS and OS was evaluated by Cox regression analyses. Results: An optimal cutoff point for the SII ...


The formation and removal of deposits obtained from milk components (calcium phosphate and whey proteins) were monitored using a new device based on the effect of fouling on the vibration properties of the deposition surface. The MSS (Mechatronic Surface Sensor—pending Patent no. 103 344, Portugal) was able to detect the growth of the deposit mass (and its removal) and to distinguish between deposits with different structural properties (calcium phosphate versus protein deposits).


The aim of the following research is to analyse the manner in which the English textbook New
Language Leader Upper Intermediate (2014) works interculturality in a single English course of
Bachelor degree in Modern Languages at The Pontifical Xaverian University. All of the above, it
arises from the interest to know the role such as concept has in a Foreign Language class, as it is
necessary to broaden the outlook regarding language and culture work in classroom. Likewise, the
previous work consultation has been significant to perceive the current Intercultural
Communicative Competence research panorama, which is seen as a pedagogical challenge in the
field of Foreign Language Education.
To guide this following work, we focus in four conceptual categories distributed hereafter: Firstly,
we base on the authors' proposals like Kramsch (1993) to work FL cultural education, and
Liddicoat and Scarino (2009) to work intercultural education. Secondly, we highlight Byram's
(1994) approach to ICC, focusing on Knowledge and Attitudes. Thirdly, we consider Oliveras
(2000) and Auger's work (2003) for the study of misunderstandings and stereotypes, respectively.
Finally, we address the learning materials analysis from Risager (2014) emphasizing on thematic,
intercultural, and power and empowerment analyses.
Based on the foregoing, we stablish that the present mixed type and descriptive scope research
takes into account, according to data gathering, the design of an own analysis grid for NLLUI
textbook units' 1 and 11 related to Communication and Cultures. This one contains three categories
distributed in intercultural content, ICC, and representations. Secondly, a questionnaire applied to
four professors of the Low-Intermediate English level in the 2017-1 academic period. Thus, the
purpose of these instruments is to connect the theory proposed with the data gathered in order to
provide answers to the research inquiries.
The results found allow us to highlight that interculturality is included implicitly and it is
addressed in the groups discussion tasks enclosed in the textbook. Nonetheless, we stablish this
homogeneous context like a factor that enables to run speaking and reading activities based on
two features: cultural awareness and cultural knowledge acquisition. This previous information
evinces that this material can be helpful to develop students' knowledge and attitudes found on the
dynamic proposed by the professor to go about the work on interculturality.


This article examines Mark Twain's journey into the Brazilian editorial market by analyzing paratexts of seven translations into Brazilian Portuguese of Mark Twain's novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), published over a period of eighty-five years (from 1934 — the date of the first translation — to 2019, the date of the last translation at present). The translations' paratexts, such as notes, foreword, after -word, flaps and back panel, as well as other texts discussing the translation of the book in newspapers, reviews, and interviews, are analyzed with the intention to show the pathway through which Huckleberry Finn was translated and received by critics and the public in Brazil and how the paratexts construct the image of a Brazilian Mark Twain. The analysis will take into account the transnational approaches proposed by Shelley Fisher Fishkin, as well as the perspective Maria Sílvia Betti suggests for understanding how the Brazilian publishing market has shaped Mark Twain's image in Brazil. The translations discussed here are by Monteiro Lobato (Companhia Editora Nacional, 1934), José Maria Machado (Clube do Livro, 1961), Sergio Flaksman (Ática, 1996), Maura Sardinha (BestBolso, 2011), 1 Rosaura Eichenberg (L&PM Pocket, 2011), Alda Porto (Claret, 2013), and José Roberto O'Shea (Zahar, 2019). 2 Comparing the changing paratext of the different translations illustrates the transculturation route of Twain's Huckleberry Finn and the sociocultural web connecting the novel to the Brazilian literary scene. The criterion for the selected translations was based on the increasing number of paratexts included, i.e., the first translations include basic material to familiarize the reader with the author and his work whereas the later editions provide more detailed information. 3 The paratexts of the selected translations, analyzed in detail below, change over time in the way they mediate between reader and author. The early translation


Abstract of a presentation. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details N. B. Pai (2015). Domain of cognition in Schizophrenia and mood disorders are they relevant?. presented at Third Nitte International Conference and Workshop on Beyond Symptoms Control, at Nitte Rural Medical and Psychiatric Centre, India, 28 November. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/3530 Domain of cognition ‐ in Schizophrenia and mood disorders ‐ are they relevant? Prof (Dr) Nagesh Pai Chair of Psychiatry, University of Wollongong Impaired cognition fundamentally impact that primarily affects the ability to function in the workplace, at school, or at home. Also, disrupted cognition may prevent severely ill patients from deriving full benefit from psychological treatments. The evidence suggests marked cognitive impairment predicts poor response to antidepressant medication, independent of symptom severity. Among depressed patients, cognitive abnormalities may not resolve completely upon remission, and are also observed in first-degree relatives, suggesting that they may be trait markers (predisposing factors). Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are pervasive, severe, and largely independent of the positive and negative symptoms of the illness. Current schizophrenia treatment has been limited in addressing the cognitive deficits of the illness. Although patients with psychotic mood disorders may present with a similar pattern of deficits, the magnitude of the deficits in schizophrenia is substantially greater. Cognitive performance in schizophrenia appears to be stable across fluctuations in illness symptoms, while deficits in affective disorders are more closely tied to clinical state. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are significantly correlated with functional outcome with regards to employment, independent living, community functioning, and social functioning. This presentation summarizes the assessment, and treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and in depressive disorders, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacological therapies that can be used in clinical care now, as well as pharmacologic approaches that are being tested.


The Internet has dramatically changed the cost and capabilities of the marketing and distribution of new types of products and services. This is especially true for retail financial services, where the widespread adoption of electronic interfaces, primarily the Internet, and the standardisation of the World Wide Web, have made it possible to reach customers in ways that even five years ago were too costly. To"this end, this paper explores the nature of e-banking and its likely impact on the financial system, especially its effect on the regulatory function in Barbados. The paper is organised into five parts. Section one provides a general overview of ebanking and focuses on its benefits and "repercussions; Section two explores the current state of e-banking in Barbados, including a look at its adoption rate by domestic banks. In Section three there is a review of the regulatory effects of ebanking and the potential impact of e-banking on monetary policy in a networked environment is discussed in Section four. Section five concludes.


Valproate (2-propylpentanoic acid) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, although it is only licensed in the UK for the treatment of epilepsy. Valproate is available clinically in a number of forms: these include sodium valproate alone, valproic acid alone, and sodium valproate in combination with valproic acid. In the UK, sodium valproate and valproic acid are available in enteric coated formulations, but this is not the case in the USA. A modified release formulation of a combination of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 2.3:1 ratio is also available in the UK. Valproate semisodium (divalproex semisodium in the USA) is a more recent product, marketed in the UK by Sanofi^Synthelabo under the trade name of Depakote. It consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. This compound dissociates to release valproate ions in the gastrointestinal tract (Food and Drug Administration, 2002). Sodium valproate circulates in the plasma as the valproate ion, as do valproic acid and valproate semisodium (Zaccara et al, 1988; Perry et al, 2000), and trough valproic acid plasma levels are used to monitor all three. Valproate is protein-bound, with the free fraction concentration-dependent. The exact mechanism of action is not known, but it is thought that valproic acid and its active metabolites are responsible for the antimania activity. The postulated mechanisms of action are potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an effect on the protein kinase C pathway or an effect on guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) (Watson et al, 1998; Brown et al, 2000; Perucca, 2002). Comparative data on the cost of UK valproate preparations are shown in Table 1 (Department of Health, 2002; MIMS, 2002). If valproate semisodium and other forms of valproate all act through the final common pathway of the valproate ion, are there any advantages in using the more expensive drug? In order to answer this question we performed a literature search of the Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, Medline (1966 to 2002) and EMBASE (1996 to 2002), using the terms BIPOLAR, MANIA, VALPROATE, VALPROIC ACID, DIVALPROEX, DEPAKOTE and VALPROATE SEMISODIUM. Fisher & Broderick Valproate and bipolar disorder


The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body ultrasound measurements (USM) and carcass energy content (CEC) of Pelibuey ewes. USM were taken 24 h before slaughter in twenty-two ewes. Fat thickness (FT) and Longissimus dorsi area (LDA) were determined in the thoracic (TFT and TLDA) and lumbar region (LFT and LLDA). CEC was considered as the sum of the energy of muscle and adipose tissues in the carcass. The correlation coe cient (r) between body weight (BW) and CEC was 0.89 (p 0.05). The r 2 for equation including BW and LFT was 0.87 (RSD= 15.34). The inclusion of LFT improved the prediction by about 8 %. The use of some USM in combination with BW provides good CEC estimates in Pelibuey ewes.


Language and thought play a very important role in second language acquisition. Thinking in mother tongue or in target language greatly affects the effectiveness of learning and language communication. This paper probes into the relationship between language and thought and how it functions in second language acquisition and communication by comparing the difference between the English language and Chinese language, and how to form the thought in target language.


While many scholars evoke the notion of complexity to describe the nature of an environment, process, entity or phenomenon of interest, few actually apply complexity theory to provide theoretical support to their analysis and interpretations.  Complexity theory is a collection of independently synthesized, co-existing, often competing discourses that seek to explain emergent, self-organizing, recursive, non-linear, unexpected behaviours and properties. Using three examples from the higher education literature that describe phenomenon referred to by the authors as complex:  the learning paradigm (Barr and Tagg, 1995), loosely coupled systems (Weick, 1976); and internationalization (Knight, 2006), I will highlight the major principles of complexity theory and illustrate how a complexity-inspired analysis might provide a deeper, more meaningful understanding of these phenomena.


The invention discloses a geographic information system (GIS)-based monitoring method for an electric vehicle charging station. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring and caching the file data of the charging station, and constructing the spatial data of the charging station according to longitude and latitude coordinates to form a charging-station-based spatial data map layer; 2, acquiring and caching charging station operation busyness index data provided by calculation service; 3, acquiring the real-time state data of each charging post in the charging station; 4, loading an operation busyness index spatial data calculation logic configured in a policy library; 5, calculating the operation spatial data of the charging station according to the operation busyness index spatial data calculation logic, and caching a calculation result in a system; and 6, starting a tour inspection task thread, and providing charging station monitoring service in a way of combining timed tour inspection and event tour inspection. According to the method, difficulty in the management of an operator over the charging station is greatly lowered, working efficiency and management level are improved, and high-efficiency decision making support capability is provided by the directly displayed data of an operation busyness index and the like.


This thesis considers creation of modules into plugin started up into information system Helios Orange. ?Licensing? module is taken as an example of creation and implementation. For creating UML diagrams Enterprise Architect 7 environment is used. Persistence lies on MS SQL database, which was administrated via SQL Server Management Studio Express 2008 environment. Module was created in MS Visual Studio 2010 environment. Module was designed in platform .NET Framework and it is written in C# language, abiding principles object-oriented programming. Module consists of data layer, application layer and presentation layer.


Fan and co-authors, heavy drinking was associated with higher odds of age-related eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. In conclusion, detailing the type of corneal diseases evaluated in the current study, excluding the other common causes of visual impairment and detailing retinal findings of alcohol consumption would have provided more reliable results and improved the credibility of the whole article.


In this paper, seismic design of nailed soil slopes are presented based on pseudo-dynamic approach. This method incorporates a finite shear wave velocity based on the assumption that the shear modulus is constant and only the phase not the magnitude of acceleration is varying with depth. The results obtained are compared with pseudo-static approach. The effect of seismic force on the location on the failure plane ha~ been presented. The effects of inclination of the nails and the coefficient of horizontal acceleration on the required reinforcement force have been studied.


The Non-clinker cement with lower pH was prepared with blast furnace slag as the main raw material,and Ca(OH)2,CaCO3,soluble calcium salts as support materials.The slag in the cement reached up to 80% and the Non-clinker cement meets the requirements for strength class 42.5.Ca(OH)2 combined with CaCO3 stimulate the activity of slag,which was further stimulated by lowering the pH values by the addition of soluble calcium salts.The main hydration products were the carbon-calcium aluminate and C-S-H gel.


Most of the miniature speakers have poor bass playback ability due to the size limitations.A psychoacoustic bass enhancement technology is presented,which uses the nonlinear effect when human perceive the sound,and the technology is suitable for the miniature speaker's bass enhancement.


The installation technology of FRP pipe(Fiber Glass-Reinforced Plastics Pipe)is mainly introduced in this paper,which is newly used in the FGD's pipe system;the characteristics of the FRP Pipe and the causes of the installation technology quality control are also summarized.


LAN of unit. Computer lab can't avoid different kinds of troubles during the use in teaching. So, to settle problems and optimize system is one of the basic jobs for lab operators. This paper from the angle of option of network equipment and the function of optimization, summarizes the LAN maintenance and optimization experience and skill ,giving a full play to network equipment and system work so as to improve the teaching quality by using computer lab.


The concept of the "arrow of time" arose and was established in classical (macro -) physics in Newton's age under the domination of the concept of absolute space and time (3-space and 1-time) as the receptacles of space-time events. However, to talk about the "arrow of time", we must first define the concept of "time".


Many modern-day technologies rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation and location services. Although, in some instances GPS it is not always the most preferred method especially in places where the coverage is lacking, and where privacy is a concern. In the last few years, alternative technologies to GPS systems have been developed and are available not only to enterprises but to consumers as well. This paper presents an idea on how a convoy of vehicles can establish and maintain a leader-follower connection between themselves by utilizing Computer Vision Technology and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) via wireless low-power networks. The proposed system is to consists of three vehicles, a leader vehicle being controlled by an operator via Bluetooth, and two follower vehicles equipped with DFRobots' Romero V2, BLE Boards, and XBee modules for RSSI navigation. The computer vision system will utilize ZED Stereo Camera for image processing and the Robotic Operating System (ROS). The system will be independent of GPS allowing the operation in environments where GPS is unavailable or unpermitted. The proposed system can be utilized in surveillance missions, rescue missions, and it can serve as a backup to other leader-follower systems.


With the vigorous development of legal education today, the personality shaping and skill training of the educated must not be partial. For a long time, legal education has been affected by professionalization, specialization and marketization. Legal education in colleges and universities has increasingly focused on the limitations of professional education, ignoring the significance and role of general education in the training of law talents to a certain extent. In response to this, this article sorts out the general education and legal education, and proposes to integrate legal education and general education, so as to cultivate law elites who have both "general" and "professional" abilities and can promote social development in the new era.


Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on LiFeAs superconductor to investigate its electron dynamics. Three energy scales at ∼ 20 meV, ∼ 34 meV, and ∼ 55 meV are revealed for the first time in the electron self-energy both in the superconducting state and normal state. The ∼ 20 meV and ∼ 34 meV scales can be attributed to the coupling of electrons with sharp bosonic modes which are most likely phonons. These observations provide definitive evidence on the existence of mode coupling in iron-based superconductors.


Friedel‐Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are important methodologies in synthetic and industrial chemistry for the construction of aryl‐alkyl and aryl‐acyl linkages that are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules. Nature also exploits these reactions in many biosynthetic processes. Much work has been done to expand the synthetic application of these enzymes to unnatural substrates through directed evolution. The promise of such biocatalysts is their potential to supersede inefficient and toxic chemical approaches to these reactions, with mild operating conditions ‐ the hallmark of enzymes. Complementary work has created many bio‐hybrid Friedel‐Crafts catalysts consisting of chemical catalysts anchored into biomolecular scaffolds, which display many of the same desirable characteristics. In this Review, we summarise these efforts, focussing on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic considerations, concluding with an overview of the frontiers of this field and routes towards more efficient and benign Friedel‐Crafts reactions for the future of humankind.


Objective To study the effect of misoprostol in treatment of artificial abortion.Methods 149 tumor patients and 134 no-cancer patients were collected, 149 tumor patients were divided into two groups according to infarct size. To comparing the white blood cell count between the groups; 162 patients were divided into three groups according to the numbers of blood transfusion, a group of blood transfusion 2-5 times and another group of blood transfusion more than 6 times, crossmatching was performed by microcolumn gel test(MGT) and moditying polybrene test(MPT). Results ①There was obviously statistical difference in the consistency rate between the tumor groups and the no-cancer group(P0.05), no matter which crossmatching method was used; There was obviously statistical difference in the consistency rate between the result of two crossmatching methods in the tumor group(P0.05); ② There was obviously statistical difference in the consistency rate between the 2-5 times blood transfusion group and the more than 6 times blood transfusion group(P0.05),no matter which crossmatching method was used; There was obviously statistical difference in the consistency rate between the result of two crossmatching methods in the more than 6 times blood transfusion group(P0.05). Conclusion The tumor patients have lower crossmatching consistency rate than the no-cancer patients; the crossmatching consistency rate of the tumor patients reduced with the increase of the number of blood transfusions; the MGT is more sensitive than MPT in crossmatching of blood.


Proinflammatory cytokines induce nitric oxide-dependent DNA damage and ultimately β-cell death. Not only does nitric oxide cause β-cell damage, it also activates a functional repair process. In this study, the mechanisms activated by nitric oxide that facilitate the repair of damaged β-cell DNA are examined. JNK plays a central regulatory role because inhibition of this kinase attenuates the repair of nitric oxide-induced DNA damage. p53 is a logical target of JNK-dependent DNA repair; however, nitric oxide does not stimulate p53 activation or accumulation in β-cells. Further, knockdown of basal p53 levels does not affect DNA repair. In contrast, expression of growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) 45α, a DNA repair gene that can be regulated by p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways, is stimulated by nitric oxide in a JNK-dependent manner, and knockdown of GADD45α expression attenuates the repair of nitric oxide-induced β-cell DNA damage. These findings show that β-cells have the ability to repair nitric oxide-damaged DNA and that JNK and GADD45α mediate the p53-independent repair of this DNA damage.


The lynchpin of any educational setup is the duo of student and teacher; the third vital component which regulates the activities of the duo is educational management of the setup. The present study focuses on eliciting the opinions of students from three diplomas organized by Deanship of Community Services and Continuing Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah to study the effectiveness of diplomas. The instrument diploma evaluation questionnaire (DEQ) used to collect data was a modified version of the course evaluation questionnaire (CEQ) developed by the Saudi National commission of Assessment and Academic Accreditation (NCAAA). A sample of 240 diploma students both male and female participated in the study. Statistical evaluation was carried out using SPSS ver 21 and some relevant figures were drawn using AMOS software. Findings of this study coupled with other inputs can simultaneously be used by pedagogical staff and administrators to frame future policies for improving the quality of educational diplomas in an institution or program. Results of the study pinpointed some areas which need to be focused on in future diplomas: for instance, orientation about the diplomas needs more elaboration, provision of training material and linkage between the theory and practice be established. The relationship between the three subscales and Overall Evaluation (OE) is significant with 'Diploma evaluation' subscale as the most effective predictor for OE followed by 'During the diploma' subscale.  The study also demonstrated the robust evidence of objectivity and data authenticity. The easy-to-follow approach has been adopted so that pedagogical and administrative staff can effectively use the techniques proposed in the current study. The evidence thus extracted can be used to structure efficient prospective policies than can surely enhance student experiences during their educational discourses. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE


Thioamide substitution into macrocyclic peptides increases the conformational rigidity of the backbone resulting in enhanced biological activity and metabolic stability.


In this paper we discuss a new technique to image the surfaces of metallic substrates using field emission from a pointed array of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We consider a pointed height distribution of the CNT array under a diode configuration with two side gates maintained at a negative potential to obtain a highly intense beam of electrons localized at the center of the array. The CNT array on a metallic substrate is considered as the cathode and the test substrate as the anode. Scanning the test Substrate with the cathode reveals that the field emission current is highly sensitive to the surface features with nanometer resolution. Surface features of semi-circular, triangular and rectangular geometries (projections and grooves) are considered for simulation. This surface scanning/mapping technique can be applied for surface roughness measurements with nanoscale accuracy. micro/nano damage detection, high precision displacement sensors, vibrometers and accelerometers. among other applications.


Author(s): Savery, Sherilyn J. | Abstract: Olestra, brand name olean® , is a non-absorbable, non-digestible, fat substitute that contributes zero calories to the diet. In 1996, the Food and Drug Administration approved olestra as a macro-ingredient food additive in savory snacks. Olestra can replace up to 100% of the fats and oils used in the preparation of these foods. Consumer advocacy groups and members of the scientific community find olestra's presence in the consumer market appalling. There are numerous claims and studies that show that moderate consumption of olestra may result in gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and "anal leakage". Olestra also decreases the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, vitamins A, D, E, and K) by the body. Despite the negative effects on the gastrointestinal system and lipophilic nutrient absorption, olestra has some potential benefits. The non-digestible, non-absorbable property of olestra accounts for its zero calorie contribution to the diet. Olestra can be used as an aid in weight reduction; can limit and or reduce dietary fat consumption without compromising caloric intake; reduce caloric intake; and help at risk populations to more closely follow recommended dietary guidelines. This paper assesses olestra's effect on vitamin absorption, gastrointestinal system, and daily energy intake and fat reduction.


Mail merge in Word is a high-level function which is easy to operate but unknown to the ordinary people.Making use of this function can conveniently turn the lines of data in a spreadsheet to a formatted Word text file in batches,and thus greatly improve the working efficiency.The transfer of the students' test results in an Excel file format to the written students' results notifications in a Word file format as an example is proposed to give a detailed description of how to operate this function.The method of calling out other date sources with the computer's ODBC interface is introduced as well.


Targeting immunosuppressive and protumorigenic glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglial cells (GAMs) holds great potential to improve patient outcomes. Although CSF1R has emerged as a promising target to reprogram anti-inflammatory M2-like GAMs, relevant treatment data on human, tumor-educated GAMs and innovative patient-derived 3D tumor organoid models to study the influence on adaptive immunity and the effectiveness of treatment in a complex and entirely autologous setting are largely lacking. We performed a comprehensive phenotypical, transcriptional and functional analysis of primary, patient-derived GAMs upon treatment with the CSF1R-targeting drugs PLX3397, BLZ945, and GW2580. The most effective reprogramming of GAMs was observed upon GW2580 treatment, which led to a downregulation of M2-related markers and signaling pathways, while M1-like markers, phagocytosis, and T-cell killing were substantially increased. Moreover, treatment of patient-derived glioblastoma organoids with GW2580 confirmed successful reprogramming together with reduced tumor cell proliferation, indicating that treatment with GW2580 could be an important pillar in the future therapy of GBM.


Despite 3 decades of traditional media campaigns to raise awareness about skin cancer, Australian youth continue to exhibit poor sun protection behaviors. This article reports on a creative promotional strategy that used entertainment-education and social media marketing to stimulate dialogue and address barriers to sun protection. The campaign centered on an ironic music video launched across multiple media channels, with a focus on social media sites. Process evaluation included campaign reach; and online surveys and thematic analysis of online conversations appraised sun protection attitudes and behaviors. The video received 250,000 views in 4 months, and online surveys identified positive differences between those exposed and not exposed to the video in attitudes toward skin cancer risk, perceived ability to avoid skin cancer by regularly using sun protection, and several self-reported sun protection behaviors, but no differences in peer perceptions of tanning. Of those who watched the video, 25% forwarded the video to friends, 44% reported that the video changed the way they felt about sun protection, and 19% of spontaneous online comments reported an intention to change behavior. The campaign results suggest that entertaining, peer-to-peer messages can be used to engage youth with an important health message for skin cancer prevention.


In the year 2015 the LHCb experiment welcomed back the LHC beams, this time with proton-proton collisions at a world record energy of 13 TeV. After a two-year break the experiment was in excellent shape and collected its data with a remarkably high efficiency. At the same time as the new data was being collected, the analyses of data from run 1 (2011–2012) was finalized and intriguing observations were made, resulting in a number of press releases during the year.


Objective: To generate realistic computer‐simulated PET/CT tumourimages with characteristics typical of the tumour (shape, pixel intensity and movement over time) and of the imaging system (acquisition parameters and resolution). Methods: An initial tumour volume was segmented from the CT scan of a lungcancer patient via region growing. To improve the axial resolution and mimic the contour curvature and pixel variations in the transaxial plane, fractal analysis and interpolation was used. Breathing motion with a period and extents typical of lungcancer patients was then applied to the fractaltumour. To produce PET and CTimages, the moving tumour was sampled according to acquisition characteristics typical of the two modalities. For CT, a slice thickness of 3.0mm, acquisition time of 0.7s and resolution of 2mm was assumed. For PET, it was assumed that tumour motion was captured within one bed position over an acquisition time of 180s, and the imager resolution was 6mm. Results: Following fractalinterpolation, the tumour exhibited similar curvature and gray‐level gradation in all three imaging planes. Application of motion and blurring produced CTimages different in appearance from the stationary fractaltumour volume and the total volume traced by the moving object. Motion and blurring produced PETimages similar to the volume traced by the moving object, graded by the time spent in each location within the volume and blurred due to the degraded resolution of the scanner.Conclusions: Realistic computer‐simulated PET/CT tumourimages can be generated using fractal analysis and motion modeling.


This project describes the calculation of production capacities and solves the elimination of named internal constraints. Theoretic part describes metodology of TOC and methods used for the elimination of constraints. The introduction of practical part contains the information about company where are these problems solved. Afterwards follows the project created on the basis of principle: 5 Steps of TOC. The project solves the problems of constraints from the identification of bottleneck to economic estimation of precaution to his complete eli-mination.


A Chatbot is a smart agent that interacts with human beings using a digital device. Chatbots play a vital role in the automation of responding to user queries. Chatbots were initially designed with an idea to fool humans. The design today has become one of the most important components of many businesses. The literature presents a smart interactive text-based chatbot VIBO designed to respond to user queries related to a University.


The bacteriostatic activity of petroleum ether extract,ethyl acetate extract,butanol extract,water extract isolated from 80% ethanol extract of Rosemary and 80% ethanol extract of Rosemary were studied by oxford plate and micro-dilution.The constituents were tested with E.coli,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus vulgaris Hauser and Micrococcus Iuteus.The results showed that 80% alcohol extract,petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract had good bacteriostatic activity,while petroleum ether extract had the best bacteriostatic activity,meanwhile butanol extract and water extract only had obvious bacteriostatic activity on Proteus vulgaris Hauser.The effect of 80% ethanol extract,petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract added individually,on the sensory changes,the total count of bacteria colonies,pH,the value of MDA and the valve of CDH of refrigeration(4℃)pork stored for 15d was investigated.The results showed that the pork added petroleum ether extract could maintain better characterisitics than other groups,and the petroleum ether extract had preservative effect on pork.


First,the method of Thiessen polygons is employed to research on population density distribution in Xuzhou.Then,census of Xuzhou is spatialized by method of GCAWI.In order to smooth the results,we put forward a method of superimposed grids of different size,and population density distribution based on 500 m grid is drawn.The results show that: ① The population density is towards to move to south and extend to east of Xuzhou between the year of 2000 and 2005;② the method of superimposed grid of different size realizes census spatialization and smoothing;③ By comparising with population density distribution based on Kernel estimation,we can learn that the features in detail of population density distribution are refelected by using the methods of GCAWI and grids smoothing,however,only does integral pattern can be reflected by Kernel estimation.


Ronald Reagan's victorious presidential campaigns were notable for their attempts to broaden the Republican Party coalition by appealing to white evangelical Christians. White evangelicals historically had been less politically active and more Democratic than the rest of the population. Yet emerging cultural differences with the national Democratic party, and improved political organizations led by prominent television ministers, made white evangelicals likely coalition partners. Through interviews with participants and observers in these campaigns, this book explores the Republicans' coalition-building efforts. Voting data shows that the new coalition was successful in the short run, but the events of 1992 suggest its stability remains open to question.


The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring the levels of conscious consumerism of primary school students. The sample of the study is comprised of 113 4 th grade students during the Educational Year 2009/2010 from a state school located in Sakarya, Turkey. For validity purposes, learned opinion was received for face validity and content validity. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted for construct validity. At first, values from the KMO and Barlett tests were taken into account in order to carry out a factor analysis. Since KMO test suggested a variance of .73 and Barlett Sphericity test a meaningful variation ( χ 2 =480.64, p=.000), it was decided that it would be appropriate to conduct a factor analysis for the scale. During the exploratory factor analysis, the items 11, 12, 13, 22 and 23 were excluded from the scale since they distorted the construct. Afterward, a second factor analysis was conducted on the 19-item scale. The exploratory factor analysis concluded that the scale had a three-factor construct and was comprised of a total of 19 items. An overall look at the 19-item scale indicated that it accounted for 40.5 percent of the total variance and inner consistency coefficient was .77. All these values suggest that the scale is a valid and reliable one.