Coordination networks (CNs) that undergo gas-induced transformation from closed (nonporous) to open (porous) structures are of potential utility in gas storage applications, but their development is hindered by limited control over their switching mechanisms and pressures. In this work, we report two CNs, [Co(bimpy)(bdc)]n (X-dia-4-Co) and [Co(bimbz)(bdc)]n (X-dia-5-Co) (H2bdc = 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid; bimpy = 2,5-bis(1H-imidazole-1-yl)pyridine; bimbz = 1,4-bis(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzene), that both undergo transformation from closed to isostructural open phases involving at least a 27% increase in cell volume. Although X-dia-4-Co and X-dia-5-Co only differ from one another by one atom in their N-donor linkers (bimpy = pyridine, and bimbz = benzene), this results in different pore chemistry and switching mechanisms. Specifically, X-dia-4-Co exhibited a gradual phase transformation with a steady increase in the uptake when exposed to CO2, whereas X-dia-5-Co exhibited a sharp step (type F-IV isotherm) at P/P0 0.008 or P 3 bar (195 or 298 K, respectively). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, in situ powder XRD, in situ IR, and modeling (density functional theory calculations, and canonical Monte Carlo simulations) studies provide insights into the nature of the switching mechanisms and enable attribution of pronounced differences in sorption properties to the changed pore chemistry.


A B S I R A C T Cells in the interior of susceptible oat roots treated with the disease-inducing agent victorin exhibit many of the ultrastructural features which characterize the epidermal or outermost root cap cells of untreated roots. An increase in electron density of cell walls fixed in permanganate is the first effect of victorin seen in the root interior. Other early victorin-induced changes are formation of enlarged, densely stained vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and organization of the endoplasmic reticulum into roughly parallel profiles. All of these features are characteristic of untreated epidermal cells. V'ictorin also induces the formation of large numbers of lomasome-like wall lesions and causes a marked increase in the number of nearly spherical, membrane-bounded structures tentatively identified as spherosomes. Similar lomasome- and spherosome-like structures are much more abundant in the outermost cells of the root cap than in other regions of untreated roots. This suggests that these structures may be characteristic of cells destined to undergo disintegration. Victorini-induced lesions appear to arise within the cell wall as the result of an activation of wall-degrading enzymes. An early change which makes the unit structure of the plasma membrane visible over extended areas may account, for victorin-induced changes in permeability. Disrupted plasma membranes and swollen mitochondria are found only in cells heav ly damaged biy victorin. Mfany of the effects of victorin resemble those of calcium deficiency and calcium is known to suppress victorin-induced disease symptoms. This suggests that calcium nutrition may play a role in the pathological changes induced by victorin.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment of viral meningitis.Methods Totally 260 patients with viral meningitis were randomly divided into treatment group(130 cases) and control group(130 cases),control group received lower intracranial pressure,symptomatic and supportive treatment and conventional therapy such as ribavirin,interferon,Curcuma oil.Treatment Group were added to IV IG(200 ~ 400mg/kg·d) 5days on this basis.10 days and 15 days cure rate and recovery time of clinical symptoms of two groups were compared.Results Recovery time of some symptoms and hospital day of treatment shorter than those control group,and the differences of both groups were significant(P0.001).15 days cure rate was no difference between two groups significantly,but five-days and ten-days cure rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group,the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusions Viral meningitis can be treated well with high dose intravenous IV IG.


Objective:To investigate the potential possibility to reconstitute the immunohematopietic function in mice by mixed near-term cord blood transplantation(CBT) , so as to lay a foundation for the clinical application of mixed CBT. Method: 1 ×106 fetal blood cells from 20-day-old C 57 BL/6 pups and 1 × 106 fetal blood cells from 20-day-old 615 pups delivered by cesarean were injected into a lethally irradiated BALB/c adult mouse in the same time. After 10-15 days, CFU-S and CFU-GM were examined to see whether hematopoiesis had been reconstituted. After one month. anti-H-2 Db and anti-H-2Kk McAb were used to investigate two donors' chimera in the recipients. In vitro mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was used to investigate specific immune tolerance and immune reconstitution. The Pathological sections of intestine and skin from recipients were observed to investigate the gravity of graft versus host disease(GVHD). Result: All of the control mice died within three weeks after receiving lethal radiation. 65% recipients survived without serious GVHD within the observation period of two months. CFU-S and CFU-GM were found in the recipients on the 10-15th day after transplantation. Two donors ' mixed chimera was demonstrated in the same recipient. Immune tolerance and immune reconstitution were confirmed by in vitro MLR. Conclusion:Mixed CBT might reconstitute the immunohematopietic function in adult mice without causing serious GVHD. This model may be suitable to address many questions raised in clinical mixed CBT.


The Sm valence transition, similar to the pressure-induced transition in pure SmS, has been observed in a large number of cases by substituting a trivalent rare earth, B, for Sm, thereby forming isostructural alloys with a lattice constant smaller than that of semiconducting SmS. Such substitutions are expected to exert a 'chemical' pressure which simulates the external pressure. However, divalent substitutions (Yb, Eu and Ca), although having a favorable 'size' factor, do not induce any valence transition. Accordingly, band structure effects, essentially due to the relative position of the conduction bands of SmS and BS, should also be taken into consideration. In order to clarify the role which the lattice constant and the electronic structure play in the valence transition, the authors have studied these alloys using the coherent potential approximation (CPA) including both the crystal field effect and the Coulomb interaction between localised and itinerant states as driving mechanisms. For Sm, they consider the 'homogeneous' picture, each Sm site having the average valence; then the Sm1-xBxS system is reduced to a binary alloy. Charge transfer between the f states of Sm and the alloy conduction band (i.e. Sm valence change) is determined self-consistently.


Forest biological disaster has aroused great attentions in the world for its serious ecological,economic and societal losses.There have been a series of international legislations related to forest biological disaster.The United States of America,Germany,Japan and New Zealand have strengthened the relevant legislations and constructed their own distinctive municipal legislative systems for forest biological disaster.As one of few countries that suffer from forest biological disaster most seriously,legislations for forest biological disaster in China have some defects.We can learn from municipal legislations in the above four countries.


The Pan African Thoracic Society exists to promote respiratory health in Africa. It is supported by the Nuffield Foundation (UK) and the American Thoracic Society. www.africanthoracic.org FSG AFRICA LTD Correspondence to: African Journal of Respiratory Medicine FSG Africa Ltd, Vine House Fair Green, Reach, Cambridge CB25 0JD, UK www.fsg.co.uk Tel: +44 (0)1638 743633 Fax: +44 (0)1638 743998 E-mail: email@example.com


In recent years, the concept of space has assumed a significant role in cinematographic studies, especially those focusing on China. Cinema, Space, and Polylocality in a Globalizing China, a collection of articles by Yingjin Zhang published in various magazines and journals between 2004 and 2009, considers space and its influence on several genres of contemporary cinematography (from martial arts blockbusters to official cinema, as well as independent productions). The author has twin aims: h...


Many phenomena of current physical interest are directly related to the difference in the healing lengths of the band condensates, such as the non-monotonic interaction between vortices, being a possible explanation for highly debated unusual vortex configurations observed in a simple ceramic MgB2. Effects due to the difference in the spatial profiles of different band condensates can be accounted for within the full microscopic numerical treatment with an enormous computational effort. These difficulties have stimulated a search for a general Ginzburg-Landau formalism with a coexistence of two band condensates with different healing lengths. In this work, we derive the free-energy functional for the extended formalism and the corresponding expression for the current density; also, using the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, we calculate the vortex state in a superconducting simple ceramic exposed to a homogeneous magnetic field.


Grain sorghums were grown in field plots for three years. Soils were varied greatly in P, K, and pH and resulted in wide yield variation. Information from plant sample analyses at four growth stages was plotted individually against grain yield measurements. The diagrams were employed to estimate normal nutrient levels for each stage of growth. Low deficient, and high values are outlined as far as possible. Effects of climatic conditions are discussed.


China's central bank had been actively intervening its foreign exchange markets to prevent sharp appreciation of Chinese Yuan. At the same time, "central bank bills", a type of short-term central bank debt, were issued to absorb the increase of monetary base caused by intervention, which should have effectively neutralized the effects of intervention if money multiplier were invariant. However, both M2 and bank credit had significantly increased during the sterilized intervention period, regardless of monetary base being kept unaffected, implying an increase in money multiplier. We reproduce these facts in a calibrated DSGE model where central bank bills, issued as sterilization tools, are held by banks as liquidity management instruments. As banks' holdings of central bank bills increase, they hold less excess reserves, leading to a higher money multiplier and expansions of banks' balance sheets. The same DSGE framework allows us to study the optimal choice of monetary policy instruments given China's current exchange rate regime. Comparing to open market operation, raising required reserve ratio, which directly freezes the increase in monetary base caused by intervention, can be more effective for stabilizing the economy. When the central bank is allowed to use reserve requirement as an additional policy instrument, the fluctuations in macro-economic variables are significantly reduced. JEL Classification: F31, E51, E52


Miniature shielded cables for use in cryostats can be built by running Teflon‐insulated niobium wires through 0.397 mm o.d. cupronickel tubes. The cables are designed to minimize their thermal conduction and are flexible and solderable.


The Australian avifauna is composed largely of two groups–the 'old endemics', species that originated in Gondwana and radiated in Australia and New Guinea, and the 'new invaders', species that originated in Asia and invaded Australia during the Pleistocene. In addition, several species were introduced by Europeans during the last 200 years. The old endemics have clutch-sizes significantly smaller than those of the new invaders (Yom-Tov 1987). The aim of this paper was to study the survival rates of Australian passerines from the three groups.

The survival rates of 3 5 species of Australian passerines were calculated by using recapture data provided by the Australian Bird Banding Scheme for birds older than one year. Survival depends primarily on body-mass, with no difference between the old endemics and the new invaders. It is suggested that the survival rates of birds younger than one year is different between the two main groups.

Overall, the survival rates of Australian passerines is at least 1.2 greater than that of equal-sized British passerines. The survival rates of the introduced House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Blackbird Turdus merula were similar on the two continents, suggesting either that insufficient time had elapsed since their introduction to Australia for them to adapt to local conditions, or that the habitats occupied in Australia were so modified by human activities that selection did not favour long lives. The survival rate of the introduced Starling Sturnus vulgaris was lower in Australia, probably because it lives in natural habitats there.


We define the notion of compressive and rarefactive waves and derive the differential equations describing smooth wave steepening for the compressible Euler equations with a varying entropy profile and general pressure laws. Using these differential equations, we directly generalize Lax's singularity (shock wave) formation results (established in 1964 for hyperbolic systems with two variables) to the 3 × 3 compressible Euler equations for a polytropic ideal gas. Our results are valid globally without restriction on the size of the variation of initial data.


Dental sealants have proved an effective way to prevent caries development. The authors discuss available options in sealant materials and placement. They also outline key points in sealant application.


Gallbladder and cystic duct agenesis is a rare malformation with frequent familial occurrence. We report a case in a girl, diagnosed by nonoperative means, and a second case in her brother, discovered with a screening in the same family, operated with ultrasonography.


Abstract Two new families of matrix variate distributions are introduced. They are based on matrix normal distribution and yet can be used to model data involving skewness. The properties of the two families are investigated. Among others, the marginals, conditionals, stochastic representation, linear and quadratic forms are studied.


A set of van der Pol oscillators is arranged in a network in which each oscillator is coupled to each other oscillator. Through the selection of coupling coefficients, the network is made to appear as a ring and as a chain of coupled oscillators. Each oscillator is provided with amplitude, frequency, and offset parameters which have analytically indeterminable effects on the output waves. These systems are simulated on the digital computer in order to study the amplitude, frequency, offset, and phase relationships of the waves versus parameter changes. Based on the simulations, systems of coupled oscillators are configured so that they exhibit stable patterns of signals which can be used to model the central pattern generator (CPG) of living organisms. Using a simple biped as an example locomotory system, the CPG model generates control signals for simulated walking and jumping maneuvers. It is shown that with parameter adjustments, as guided by the simulations, the model can be made to generate kinematic trajectories which closely resemble those for the human walking gait. Further-more, minor tuning of these parameters along with some algebraic sign changes of coupling coefficients can effect a transition in the trajectories to those of a two-legged hopping gait. The generalized CPG model is shown to be versatile enough that it can also generate various n-legged gaits and spinal undulatory motions, as in the swimming motions of a fish.


Telecommunication is the exchange of information over distances whether long or short distances by the way of electronic means. Telecommunication industry contributes to the overall socio-economic development of the economy. In IndiaICT sector has grown rapidly which leads to development of India. Telecom Sector has been playing recognized as a foundation and base for innovation in other sectors and industries that uses the technology of telecommunications. And also in the future telecom sector will continue to be a major technology foundation for new ventures. The provision of good telecom sector in the country is a key to fast and quick social development of a country. Telecommunications in India is the fastest growing industry in the country. It has lead to the development of other sectors also. It has lead to many social benefits including a lot of contribution in environmental protection of the country. The aim of this current studyis to know the role of telecommunication in environmental issues.


Objective: The aim of this article is to evaluate the quality of filling in endodontically treated root canals using the lateral condensation technique and modified lateral condensation technique. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups that were assigned by simple randomization according to the filling technique. Once the endodontic treatment was performed, a periapical radiograph was taken to assess the quality according to the radiographic density and tomography was taken to evaluate the quality according to the tomographic volume of spaces, compared with the post-preparation biomechanical tomography. Finally, we performed a statistical analysis (Student's t-test) to evaluate whether there were differences between the types of filling. Results: Radiographic radiodensity was 182.89 ± 9.81 and 186.72 ± 6.97 HU for teeth treated with the lateral condensation technique and modified lateral condensation technique, respectively. The void volume was 3.75 ± 2.35 and 2.43 ± 1.18 mm3 for teeth treated with the lateral condensation technique and modified lateral condensation technique, respectively. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between the techniques for both filling quality parameters.


This paper analyzes the frequency spectrum of a practical PWM wave and points out that it is possible to demodulate the digital to analog signal from PWM with a lowpass filter and to realize a DAC. This paper also analyzes the error due to transform and gives some methods to reduce errors. This paper designs two DAC electronic circuits from PWM to voltage 0~5 V output. The second circuit is a DAC with high precision.


Research in traffic classification has become more challenging with the emergence of new applications and new ways to hide the true nature of traffic. The accuracy of traffic identification methods has also become more important due to the greater use of delay sensitive applications such as VoIP and video over IP which need to be identified and given priority. Traditional techniques such as header and payload inspection are not providing sufficient information to identify traffic types due to the usage of non-standard ports, tunnelling and encryption. Promising methods have been proposed based around the statistical behaviour of traffic flow. Although these methods can achieve quite high accuracies in non-encrypted traffic flows, traffic identification of encrypted traffic flows is still in its early stages. In this paper, we will review the recent work done on encrypted traffic identification, particularly network layer encryption using statistical techniques and propose a remarkably simple technique for VoIP traffic identification in IPSec peer to peer tunnels. More importantly it is shown that VoIP/non-VoIP classification can be used to dramatically improve VoIP QoS and may be used to effectively block non-VoIP traffic in an IPSec tunnel. These results point to the usefulness of the technique and the desirability to find more discriminating VoIP identification algorithms for IPSec tunnels.


The essay introduces the ant system, ant algorithm, and its application in the optimization of mechanical processing technology scheme. It also analyses the key questions--the building of database, the generating of contact and path, the solving of constitutive exploring, the defining of general distance and so on.


The invention discloses a processing method of waste water containing heavy metal and dye. In the method, a sorbent is utilized to process the waste water containing heavy metal and dye, and the sorbent contains ferroferric oxide micro-magnetic particles and laccase. The laccase is hydroquinone dioxygen oxidoreductase containing copper, and the class number is EC 18.104.22.168. The ferroferric oxide micro-magnetic particles and the lasscase are in cross-linkage combination through assistance of a cross linkage agent. Heavy metal and dye in the waste water can be fast adsorbed and recovered with high efficiency by the ferroferric oxide micro-magnetic particles and the laccase, thereby the waste water containing heavy metal and dye is effectively processed, and the environment is protected.


We present a new geometrical method, the triplet statistics, which uses weak gravitational lensing effects around clusters to constrain the cosmological parameters Ω and λ. On each background galaxy, a cluster induces a magnification which depends on the local convergence and shear terms and on the cosmological parameters (Ω, λ) through the angular distance ratio DLS/DOS . To disentangle the effects of these three quantities, we compare the ellipticities of each triplet of galaxies located at about the same apparent position in the lens plane, but having different redshifts. The simultaneous knowledge of ellipticities and redshifts of each triplet enable to build a purely geometrical estimator (hereafter the G(Ω, λ)-estimator) independently of the lens potential. More precisely G has the simple form of the determinant of a 3-3 matrix built with the triplet values of DLS/DOS and observed ellipticities. When G is averaged on many triplets of galaxies, it provides a global function of (Ω, λ) which converges to zero for the true values of the cosmological parameters. The calculation and the comparison of each source of statistical noise is performed. The linear form of G regarding the measured ellipticity of each galaxy implies that the different noises on G decrease as 1/ √ N , where N is the total number of observed distorted galaxies. The possible systematics are analyzed with a multi-screen lensing model in order to estimate the effect of perturbative potentials on galaxy triplets. Improvements are then proposed to minimize these systematics and to optimize the statistical signal to noise ratio. Finally, simulations are performed with realistic geometry and convergence for the lensing clusters and a redshift distribution for galaxies similar to the observed ones. They lead to the encouraging result that a significant constraint on (Ω, λ) can be reached: λ −0.2 in the case Ω + λ = 1 or Ω +0.3 −0.25 in the case λ = 0 (at a 1σ confidence level). These constraints would be obtained from the observations of nearly 100 clusters, using multicolor imaging in order to get photometric redshifts of triplets. This corresponds to about 20 nights of VLT observations. The method looks even more promising with the NGST, in particular if it was used jointly with the supernovae search which provides orthogonal constraints. Send offprint requests to: Yannick Mellier (firstname.lastname@example.com)


SUMMARY Objective: To describe obstetric morbidity, perinatal management and neonatal outcome in very low birth weight new born (VLBWNB). Method: Cross-sectional study in the Puerto Montt Hospital in 347 VLBWNB, from 2000 to 2005. Results: The VLBWNB incidence was 1.59%. 70% of the patients received prenatal corticoids. The main cause of interruption was hypertensive disorders; 68.5% of births were by caesarean delivery; severe neonatal depression occurred in 23.7% and 9.3% by Apgar score at one and five minutes respectively. The caesarean delivery Odds ratio for severe neonatal depression and neonatal death was 0.41(IC 95%=0.25-0.70) and 0.43 (IC 95%=0.26-0.70), respectively. The main neonatal complications were respiratory distress syndrome (61.5%) and neonatal sepsis (24.7%), 29.7% of the new born died. The main


We present experimental evidence on equilibrium selection and rates of convergence in a simple N-player coordination game with different communication structures.


Apparatus and methods for generating holographic images are disclosed, as well as a spatial light modulator (SLM) for use in such techniques. A spatial light modulator (SLM) comprises plural light modulating pixels 502 for diffracting a beam of coherent light to generate an image from a hologram displayed on said SLM, with at least one of the light modulating pixels replaced with a light sensing pixel (e.g. CMOS device or photodiode; 504) to sense a beam intensity of coherent light at the light sensing pixel position. Also claimed is a method including providing a light sensing pixel on an SLM, detecting beam coherent light intensity, and determining the intensity of a generated image accordingly, e.g. spatial light distribution. Plural light detecting pixels may be used, with spatial illumination intensity determined via a space-frequency transform, allowing brightness compensation, e.g. using average intensity. A second SLM modulator may be used. The SLM may be incorporated in an optical assembly for a holographic image projection system, in combination with a laser illumination system to illuminate the SLM and an optical output system to output an image. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) may used (Figure 5b).


Tessier cleft 7, also known as Transverse facial cleft or congenital macrostomia, is a rare congenital anomaly. It presents with varying degree of severity and is associated with anomalies of other structures developing from first and second branchial arches. We report twelve cases of Tessier cleft 7 presenting to us at various ages. The cases were studied on the basis of antenatal and family history, age, sex, laterality, severity and other associated anomalies. The clefts were classified complete or incomplete on the basis of their lateral extension. Surgical correction of the clefts consisted of soft tissue repair and correction of associated deformities with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results, without any intra-operative and post-operative complications.


International collaborations between private companies, national research laboratories, and universities in the field of GIS have opened up new ways of exchanging knowledge and experiences between different countries. However, when a collaboration involves the actual design and implementation of an operational GIS, rather than simply theoretical or applied research, or the development of specific applications, many problems can arise, sometimes leading either to the partial success or to the complete failure of a project. Some of these problems are frequently encountered in all kinds of international collaborations: problems arising from different cultural mentalities, difficulties establishing a single common leadership, difficulties with communication and information exchange, and so on. Problems relating to the specific nature of GIS are also present, for example the absence of digital geographic data format standards, the absence of metadata standards, the omission of GIS or IS design methods, etc. This paper focuses on a joint Sino-Belgian project for the design and implementation of an urban geographical information system (UGIS) integrating remote sensing techniques in Hangzhou city, China and examines the general, specific, and international aspects of the problems encountered in an international collaboration.


In this paper, we propose a new structure of LDPC coded space time system and a corresponding decoding algorithm named CAMP (cross antenna massage passing), which updates extrinsic information by calculating other antennas' a posteriori probability and passing it to the current decoding antenna to cancel the interference introduced by symbols from other antennas. Considering a point to point MIMO channel with t N transmit antennas and r N receive antennas, the fading type is assumed to be Rayleigh flat fading. The transmitter converts every t mN × serial source bits into t N


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial shock compression of RDX crystals DMITRY BEDROV, JUSTIN HOOPER, GRANT SMITH, University of Utah — Using the Hugoniostat methodology atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial shock compressions along [001], [100], and [010] directions of RDX crystal have been conducted over a wide range of shock pressures. The Hugoniostat simulations allow modeling of shocked material without the necessity to have extremely large simulation cell required to explicitly resolve the shock wave propagation. Hugoniostat simulations on systems containing only few thousand molecules allowed us to determine Hugoniot elastic limit and to investigate shock-induced shear banding and phase transition in RDX crystal. Dmitry Bedrov University of Utah Date submitted: 23 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


This study aims to progress knowledge by developing and analyzing an integrated model of behavioral loyalty enhancement related to non-profit organization (NPO) donation. To achieve this aim, the study examines the influences of three variables of donor loyalty, namely, attitude toward beneficiaries, trust and self-esteem in one integrated model. Additionally, to compare the extent to which each variable affects donor loyalty, mediating effects are suggested.,Data from 245 Korean donors are used to investigate the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling with AMOS.,Findings from the study demonstrate that trust has the highest mediating influence on the intention to continue donation. Similarly, the findings reveal that self-esteem has the highest mediating influence on positive word-of-mouth (PWOM). However, the study findings suggest that attitudes toward beneficiaries are not significant predictors of both intentions to continue donating and PWOM.,The impact of trust on the intention to continue donating is more important than that of self-esteem and attitude toward the beneficiary.,Similarly, the impact of trust and self-esteem on positive WOM is more important than that of attitude toward beneficiary.,With this research, NPOs can make more budget from personal donation efficiently.,The findings of this research provide evidence that there are three important components relative to donation, namely, donor, NPO and beneficiary, and propose an integrated model which is composed of these three key components.


Aiming to improve the commercialization efficiency of scientific innovative achievements, this paper utilizes the time series visualization method to construct the time series network of each subsystem. After that, the network similarity is calculated by the cosine similarity theorem. On this basis, a new multilayer network adjacency matrix is obtained. With the adoption of k-core technology, the critical nodes can be identified to study the transformation efficiency of the innovation value in the network. Finally, according to the provincial innovation value transformation data of China from 1998 to 2016, an empirical study was carried out to calculate and analyze the transformation efficiency of innovation achievements in 30 provinces. The results indicate that (1) the transformation efficiency of innovation value can be expressed by the structure of the time series network constructed by the input-output vectors; (2) the mapping relationship of the value transformation vectors could be reflected by the cosine similarity of the time series network, while the transformation efficiency of innovation value could be identified using the k-core; and (3) the transformation efficiency of innovation value in three coastal provinces is relatively higher, while that of the rest of the provinces is roughly the same among the 30 provinces.


When we think in scientists, we remember scientic men. What about scientic women? In ancient times women had been considered by men for homework, without right to study at the university. In the beginning Hypatia from Alejandria was a pioneer scientic woman but she was assassinated for not become Christian in 416. From then sex discrimination went on by ages.


The infra‐red spectra of gaseous, liquid, and solid malononitrile have been obtained using a spectrometer equipped with LiF, NaCl, and KBr prisms. Polarization measurements on a linearly oriented preparation of solid malononitrile using a transmission polarizer were of material assistance in the classification of absorption bands into their respective species. These data, together with the Raman data in the literature and a normal coordinate treatment, permitted a complete assignment of the fifteen fundamental frequencies and a determination of the force constants and thermodynamic functions for the molecule.


In this paper, four kinds of N‐containing heterocyclic borate esters and polyvinyl pyrrolidone‐protected Cu microparticles were synthesised and characterised. Their tribological properties as lubricant additives in industrial white oil were evaluated using a four‐ball tribometer, and their lubrication mechanisms were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance of the base oil can be significantly improved by the addition of N‐containing borate esters and Cu microparticles, and they present synergistic tribological effect. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed a lubricating tribochemical reaction film containing B2O3, FeB, FeO, Fe2O3 and so on is formed on the worn surface. In addition, Cu microparticles as rolling bearings, which transform sliding friction to rolling sliding and the formation of the Cu microparticles deposited film, are probably responsible for the improvement of tribological performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The vine is currently cultivated in many Brazilian regions, with Rio Grande do Sul the largest producer. In this state, the grapes are mainly used for wine and juice production, which are commonly made from Vitis labrusca L. cultivars. However, some wines are made from Vitis vinifera L. grapes, where Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon are two important cultivars of this species. They are cultivated in many viticultural regions worldwide, such as France, Australia, Argentina, California, Chile, and Brazil (Serra Gaúcha), which have different soil types and climatic characteristics.


A Time Dvision Duplex - Radio Local Area Network (TDD-RLAN) for providing concurrent (12) wireless telecommunication service for a plurality of user equipments (UEs), includes at least one base station (Node B) having a transceiver for conducting time division duplex (TDD) code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication, at least one controller (RNC) for controlling the communications of a group of base stations, and a Radio Access Network Internet Protocol Gateway (RIP GW) having a Gateway General Packet Radio Service Support Node (GGSN) with access router functions for connection with the Internet.


Isolate or consume seismic energy by assembling rubber shock isolation blankets in basement or a position of buildings, to avoid or reduce to transmit seismic energy towards superstructure, to ensure that structure and internal equipment aren't damaged in earthquake. This technique is already applied in ordinary civil architecture more and more. Combining with an engineering example, the paper introduces constructional technique, aufbauprinciple, shock isolation principle, types and performance characteristics of rubber shock isolation blankets in buildings, mainly recounts operation technology, quality control and evaluating standard of checking and acceptance of rubber shock isolation blankets in the process of construction and installation.


The recently completed EU-funded BACCHUS Integrated Project (grant number: 312090) has focused on identification of cause-and-effect relationships between consumption of bioactive peptides and polyphenols and physiological effects on cardiovascular health. An important BACCHUS output is a toolkit to support the needs of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector considering making health claims on their products. The toolkit draws together best practice guides, a bioactives database, an intake assessment tool and an e-learning platform. This paper focuses on the Best Practice Guide for Human Dietary Intervention Studies. The toolkit has been developed with SMEs in mind but this guidance is likely to have value far beyond the needs of businesses, in particular being a useful resource for students, early-career scientists and others new to the design and implementation of dietary intervention studies. The aim of this article is to share the principles of the guide with a broader audience.


The magnitude of data which has accumulated by Telecommunications Companyis so huge that manual analysis of data is not feasible. However, this data holds valuable information that can be applied for operational and strategical purposes. Therefore, in order to extract such information from this data, automatic analysis is essential, by means of advanced data mining techniques. This paper will address the question how to perform customer segmentation with data mining techniques. In our context, 'customer segmentation' is a term used to describe the process of dividing customers into homogeneous groups on the basis of shared or common attributes. Having this component, managers can decide which marketing actions to take for each segment. In this paper, the customer segmentation is based on usage call behavior, i.e. the behavior of a customer measured in the amounts of incoming or outgoing communication of whichever form. A number of advanced and state-of-the-art clustering algorithms are applied for creating customer segments. An optimality criterion is used in order to measure their performance and to find the optimum algorithm. Once groups are made in segmentation, service message should not be sent to any group as unwanted customers could be harassed by such service message and they activate a 'Do not Disturb' service. Sothere should be some selection procedure and from this selection procedure service message may be broadcast to one or combination of a group such that it satisfies company's strategical decision. This paper also represents such proper selection procedure.


Discussion of early american iron and cast iron rim locks, their derivation from the english locks, in particular those of robert barron, and their distinctive operating features; No exact dates but general development is shown in anotated photographs, of signed examples.


The agro-industrial complex of the country faces a strategically important task, which as to increase the production of meat, including beef. This problem has been trying to solve by creating a specialized beef cattle industry. The impetus for the development of beef cattle in the Kurgan region was the departmental target program of the Department of agriculture and processing industry of the Kurgan region "Development of beef cattle for 2011–2015". Implementation of the Program has allowed to increase the number of beef cattle from 2010 to 2015 from 2089 to 6531 heads including cows from 666 up to 2898 heads. In subsequent years there was also a positive trend. For the development of the beef cattle industry in the Kurgan region at present there are all conditions: natural forage lands, the possibility of using low-cost intensive grazing technology, resources of breeding stock in dairy herds for the formation of new beef farms, forage grain. The results of the analysis of the state and prospects of development of this industry in the Kurgan region have been presented in the article. A positive trend has been revealed. In order to preserve the positive trends in the development of beef cattle industry of the Kurgan region it is planned to continue the annual increase of livestock, improvement of productive traits, including live weight, milk capacity and reproductive ability of cows, and improved forage base and optimization of feeding rations according to sex and age of groups.


Summary Severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis, accompanied by increases in plas lactate, phosphate and sodium concentrations, occur in rats following maximal electrically-induced seizures. Recovery is complete in 40 minutes. It is suggested that the profound chemical changes occurring during the seizure may contribute to the post-ictal depression.


We present simulations of collapsing filaments studying the impact of turbulence and magnetic field morphologies on their evolution and star formation properties. We vary the mass per unit length of the filaments as well as the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the major axis. We find that the filaments, which have no or a perpendicular magnetic field, typically reveal a smaller width than the universal width of 0.1 pc proposed by e.g. Arzoumanian et al. 2011. We show that this also holds in the presence of supersonic turbulence and that accretion driven turbulence is too weak to stabilize the filaments along their radial direction. On the other hand, we find that a magnetic field that is parallel to the major axis can stabilize the filament against radial collapse resulting in widths of 0.1 pc. Furthermore, depending on the filament mass and magnetic field configuration, gravitational collapse and fragmentation in filaments occurs either in an edge-on way, uniformly distributed across the entire length, or in a mixed way. In the presence of initially moderate density perturbations, a centralized collapse towards a common gravitational centre occurs. Our simulations can thus reproduce different modes of fragmentation observed recently in star forming filaments. Moreover, we find that turbulent motions influence the distance between individual fragments along the filament, which does not always match the results of a Jeans analysis.


For the full and effective use of national medical device testing institutions and provincial investment in equipment,testing equipment funds,need to clarify the ideas,accurate positioning,the full demonstration,refinement and pragmatic,focused on the acquisition positioned to detect the direction of large,wide,regular,in the use,high-risk medical devices such as instruments and equipment to ensure the purchase of equipment to achieve targeted,applicability,high efficiency,high efficiency goals.


With the promotion of economic development and increasing material wealth,exploitation of chemical energy resources in northern Shanxi,which exploited large area and high-intensity,is accompanied by a drop in the water level,surface subsidence,damage to vegetation,soil erosion,pollution and other problems.If we want to make coordination of resources development,environmental protection and economic development,we must plan overall,develop rationally,and intensify environmental management and legal construction.


Abstract Plants of Pistia stratiotes L. accumulated appreciable amounts of Cd from aqueous solution, maximum being in roots than leaves. Accumulation was concentration ‐ duration dependent, however, plant reached metal steady state concentration on 7 d at 10.0 μM Cd. The accumulation of Cd was accompanied by a decline in cellular levels of glutathione which was more evident in roots at different treatment durations. Both the concentrations of Cd (2.5 and 10.0 μM.) enhanced cysteine content, accumulation of acid‐soluble thiols and induced synthesis of phytochelatins(PCs). On the other hand, lower concentration induced synthesis of low molecular weight proteins, while higher Cd concentration completely inhibited low molecular weight proteins and reduced concentrations of other high molecular weight proteins in the SDS‐Gel electrophoretic patterns. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, reduced glutathione and acid‐soluble thiols. However, protein synthetic inhibitor cycloheximide did...


The need to leverage the information contained in heterogeneous data sources has been widely documented. In order to accomplish this goal, an organization must resolve several types of heterogeneity problems that may exist across different data sources. We investigate one such problem called the entity heterogeneity problem. This problem arises when the same real-world entity type is represented using different identifiers in different applications. We propose a decision theoretic model to resolve the problem. Our model uses a distance-based measure to express the similarity between two entity instances. We have implemented the model, and our experimental results indicate that this is a viable approach in real-world situations.


The Web, TV and print publishing are the top three advertisement media. With the technology breakthroughs in digital printing, scanning and data processing, print on demand emerges into a multi-billion dollar business that is due to revolutionize the traditional publishing industry. With the rapid growth of print-on-demand, a whole new advertising media is born, that is, print on demand books. We discuss some unique characteristic of this new media that enables user-targeted contextual advertising, which is more effective than traditional print media. In this paper, we first proposed a contextual-matching based advertising model for print on demand books, and then concentrate on using the page frame segmentation algorithm to solve the problem of where to insert the selected contextual ads in print on demand books. Our page segmentation algorithm shows significant improvement over existing methods in its robustness against noisy background.


The term 'family literacy' now figures prominently in the discourses of early childhood education, literacy and adult education in several English speaking countries. It can refer to a focus for research or to a kind of educational programme. This article distinguishes family literacy programmes which combine adult basic education for parents with early literacy education and parental involvement from other kinds of family literacy programmes and terms the former 'restricted' programmes. The rhetoric concerning restricted programmes, and relevant research, is examined in relation to five issues: the usage of the term 'family literacy'; the targeting of restricted programmes for selected families; the accessibility and take-up of such programmes; their educational effects; and their socio-economic effects. Drawing on evidence from Britain and the USA, it is argued that, although rhetoric has sometimes been informed by research, it has also obscured, misinterpreted, ignored and exaggerated research findings. Some implications for policy, practice and research are identified. The term 'family literacy' now figures prominently in the discourses of early childhood education, literacy and adult education, in several English-speaking countries. In this article I wish to draw attention to some strands of the rhetoric of family literacy. By 'rhetoric' is meant discourse largely 'calculated to persuade or influence others' (the 'others' here being policy-makers, educators, and citizens with some interest in edu- cation). Examining the rhetoric of family literacy means examining explicit and implicit claims for certain programmes. I also wish to explore how those claims relate to educational research and hope to show that, although rhetoric has sometimes been informed by research, it has also obscured, misinterpreted, ignored and exaggerated research findings. Although many studies will be described or quoted, the purpose of this article is not to provide a review of the field but to show through examples that there is a rhetoric and to seek research evidence for claims made within that rhetoric. The focus is on what will be termed 'restricted' programmes in family literacy. To explain what is meant by this it is necessary to review the use of the term 'family literacy'. Ten years ago it was not much used or known in education. It had some currency within a relatively small circle of literacy researchers who were interested in


We discuss the features of instabilities in asymmetric nuclear matter, in particular the relation between the nature of fluctuations, the types of instabilities and the properties of the interaction. We show a chemical instability appears as an instability against isoscalar-like fluctuations. Then starting from phenomenological hadronic field theory (QHD), including exchange terms, we discuss the symmetry energy and the relation to the dynamical response inside the spinodal region.


We gave questionnaire on the students of the second and third years, whose results showed that they were extremely interested in hip-hop and held a positive attitude towards intruding hip-hop into P.E. elective. This article analysis the results through referring data and proves it is a necessity that the hip-hop is introducing into classroom. The emphasis lies on providing reference for taking in new contents in our P.E. elective.


Aiming at the application of computer simulation in education, the paper reviews the current situation. Computer simulation application in engineering disciplines education is discussed. The application extent is divided into four levels, and the detailed classification methods are presented. Simulation procedure is also given. Finally examples are given to illustrate the four levels.


The paper considers some aspects of the principle of correspondence in the special theory of relativity. This principle is one of the most important principles of physics and determines the nature of change of physical theories. The origin and development of the principle, the limits of its application have been discussed in the paper.


Let $[n]$ denote $\{0,1, ... , n-1\}$. A polynomial $f(x) = \sum a_i x^i$ is a Littlewood polynomial (LP) of length $n$ if the $a_i$ are $\pm 1$ for $i \in [n]$, and $a_i = 0$ for $i \ge n$. Such an LP is said to have order $m$ if it is divisible by $(x-1)^m$. The problem of finding the set $L_m$ of lengths of LPs of order $m$ is equivalent to finding the lengths of spectral-null codes of order $m$, and to finding $n$ such that $[n]$ admits a partition into two subsets whose first $m$ moments are equal. Extending the techniques and results of Boyd and others, we completely determine $L_7$ and $L_8$ and prove that 192 is the smallest element of $L_9$. Our primary tools are the use of carefully targeted searches using integer linear programming (both to find LPs and to disprove their existence for specific $n$ and $m$), and an unexpected new concept (that arose out of observed symmetry properties of LPs) that we call "regenerative pairs," which produce infinite arithmetic progressions in $L_m$. We prove that for $m \le$ 8, whenever there is an LP of length $n$ and order $m$, there is one of length $n$ and order $m$ that is symmetric (resp.~antisymmetric) if m is even (resp.~odd).


On examination, acute monoparesis is usually caused by superficial infarction and only rarely by small deep (lacunar) infarction. In patients with transient neurological deficits, information about th


The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risk associated with tourism and induced a paradigm shift in tourist behaviour. The study explores the nexus between COVID-19 induced perceived risk the subjective safety associated with tourism activity. A cross-sectional deductive study was conducted. Data were generated from a respondent-driven snowball sample of 323 potential tourists from all over the world. The key findings indicate perceived physical, psychological and social COVID-19 pandemic induced risk negatively influenced the overall subjective safety associated with tourism activity. Moreover, further analysis indicated heterogeneity in the influence of the perceived risk on specific tourism activity. Tourism practitioners are provided with timely empirical evidence-based insights that contribute to a better understanding of tourists' evolving behaviour.


Learn what you can do to protect the environment in your home, workplace, and community. Topics include pollution prevention, air quality, chemicals and toxics, oil and hazardous chemical spills, and resources for parents and teachers.


This article examines the concept of 'event' and the manner in which it has been neglected in both ecocriticism and Hitchcock studies. Using The Birds (1963) to rethink the premises of ecocritics' discussion of nature, animals, and disasters in cinema and Hitchcock scholars' emphasis on representation and symbolism, the article argues that it has become imperative to philosophically foreground 'events' in light of the numerous contemporary films that revolve around them. Hitchcock's film is shown to propose a renewed concept of event, a concept that significantly departs from the two most influential conceptualisations of the event in post-1960 continental philosophy: those of Gilles Deleuze and Alain Badiou. Eschewing philosophical theories that equate the event with pure becoming or conceptualisations that characterise events as rupture and break, the film reveals a particular form of bird-event that posits relationality to address becoming and rupture simultaneously. Indeed, what distinguishes Hitchcock's concept of event, contra Deleuze's and Badiou's, is that it emphasises relationality instead of pure continuity or radical rupture in the characterisation of corporeal or embodied individuation. Emphasising relationality helps understand the film's deployment of a concept of event that departs from the aforementioned theorisations that exclude the human body (and therefore affect) from the event's experiential import. Closely aligning bodies prior to and after the bird-events, The Birds ultimately discloses the paradox of body and event at the heart of contemporary event theory by way of linking or relating bodies and events, thus tapping into debates over embodiment and affect in cultural and media theory. Centering around modalities of evental experience rather than the controversial and endlessly debatable signification of the bird attacks, the analysis purports that the bird-event configures materiality only to reveal its relational and interstitial volatility.


World AIDS day has been held on 1st of December every year since its conception in 1988 and every year has its own theme. This year marks the 20th anniversary of World AIDS Day and the UK theme is 'Respect and Protect'. The aim of the day is to bring together individuals and organizations from around the world to raise the profile of the global AIDS epidemic. Healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) respect and protect a number of people by providing high quality care and support to a wide range of individuals in a variety of health and social care settings.


A fiber-optic/integrated optic optoelectronic neural computer approach to the design of an 'intelligent' aerospace structure is described, and the methodology of the approach is defined. A source consisting of a strained-layer QW laser emitting 100 micro-W at 978 nm and an Er-doped single-mode polarization preserving fiber laser with a gain of 3.9 dB/mW is assumed. The SNR for the aerospace plane is calculated with 49 sensing arms. A 441-path splitter is required; this is designed using an eight-stage multipath coupler based on a 3X3 polarizer/splitter as the basic repeating element. A surface-mounted implementation is suggested, which includes a 448-path switch, an integrated-optic coupler, a detector, an ADC, and a processor.


General information State: Published Organisations: National Food Institute, Research group for Nano-Bio Science, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), University College Dublin, Karolinska Institutet, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen Contributors: Buerki-Thurnherr, T., Muoth, C., Manser, P., Kucki, M., Wichser, A., Diener, L., Monopoli, M., Correia, M., Ehrlich, N., Löschner, K., Gallud, A., Jochum, W., Wick, P. Number of pages: 2 Publication date: 2017


Broader application of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water treatment is limited by particulate and organic fouling. This pilot‐scale study demonstrated the ability of rapid biofiltration (without prior coagulation or ozonation) to reduce fouling of a UF membrane treating impacted river water over a two‐year period. Three biofilter empty bed contact times (EBCTs; 5, 10, and 15 min) were investigated, using parallel dual‐media filters followed by a hollow‐fiber membrane unit. Utilizing essentially conventional rapid filtration operating conditions, biofiltration pretreatment enabled stable membrane operation with respect to hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling. Increased biofiltration EBCTs led to lower rates of irreversible fouling. The results were reproducible, and biofiltration was able to provide effective pretreatment during all seasons (T = 1‐25°C). The biofilters also contributed to effective turbidity removal. Overall, biofiltration pretreatment for UF is a promising chemical‐free alternative to coagulation pretreatment. A particular niche application would be in small or remote systems.


Megacities of developing economies are at the forefront of multiple sustainability issues. Successful management of megacities also requires an effective capacity to govern an extended region.

According to 'UN Global Report of Human Settlements 2001'there are 19 Megacities in the world. Literature on managing such settlements is vast and growing with no obvious model yet clear, particularly for the part of Third World Megacities. This paper examines one of the most complex and out of control Megacities- the city of Dhaka in Bangladesh – in order to throw light on how such Megacities and its EMR may be better governed.

The sheer number of more than 10 million people in Dhaka City and its Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) and its contribution to the national economy argue for urgent interventions to address their governance weaknesses. The weaknesses include unclear strategies along with development policies and co-ordination, ineffective regulations and organisational structures. There are more than 42 bodies acting in an un-integrated way to manage Dhaka. Further, development planning as practised in Bangladesh is done on a sector basis and hence it disregards the spatial dimensions of integrating the development and management of the city.

The Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) of Dhaka, include a larger urbanised area surrounding a core city, a number of municipalities and rural bodies are within its ambit. The governance, development and management setting of EMR of Dhaka City are under a multiple organisational jurisdictions and responsibilities. Increasing concentration of national economic development and urban population in EMR of Dhaka suggests that there may be a resurgence of interest in regional institutional structures.


A capacitor-loaded electrical small zeroth-order resonant (ZOR) antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed on the basis of a mushroom structure for zeroth-order resonance. To obtain a compact size, the proposed antenna has a rectangular slot on the ground plane, and the chip capacitor is mounted on the slot. The resonant frequency is easily controlled from 2.82 GHz to 2.29 GHz by changing the capacitance from 1 pF to 7 pF, respectively. Therefore, the proposed antenna has the advantages of a small antenna size as well as easy frequency adjustment.


Background and Objective: In mentorship project, a wise and reliable person (mentor) guide another person (mentee) in all areas of academic achievements. The purpose of this study, is designe, perform and evaluate mentoring project for medical students whom entrance was the second half-year of 1393 and then. Methods and Materials: In mentoring project, pathophysiology and clinical students was second level mentors, and reference teachers was excellent level and sample mentors and some of teachers was supporter mentors. Mentoring schemes include the following steps: Need assessment, explore the facilities, programming, preparation, performing the project, evaluation. Results: Interview was done for testing the satisfaction of mentors and mentees in this study. Finally averages of students has been evaluated. The results of SBD survey test also showed that the motivation of students for studying medical courses, the desire to continue to participate in meetings and students' overall satisfaction was high. Conclusion: The adaptability and motivation of students who enter the Mentoring Project in comparison with the other students had significant differences; participants were more compatible with university campus. One of the tasks of mentors for achieving this goal was introduction of appropriate references and to familiarize students with the correct methods of study. Overall, the average of mentee students was higher than that of non-mentee students.


Three cosmologists were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in physics for their "discovery" that the speed of cosmic expansion accelerates. This acceleration was deduced from observations showing that very distant supernovas look fainter and therefore, more distant than they should be by constant or decelerating cosmic expansion. But this interpretation is wrong and based on the misleading dogma that the light always moves towards us by a constant speed c.


The distribution of the mites extracted from the soil and litter in the oak woodland of Celal Bayar University Campus, Manisa was investigated for the period of November 2008 - October 2009. Totally 5635 individuals belonging to three orders were obtained in the sampling area. Individuals are distributed within these orders as 48% Prostigmata, 29% Oribatida and 23% Mesostigmata. The number of the individuals in the soil is greater strikingly than that of in the litter. Whereas the Oribatida and Prostigmata were the most abundant orders in the spring months, the Mesostigmata was the most abundant order in the winter months. The frequency of individuals in the litter of Mesostigmata and Oribatida were equal, while Prostigmata individuals were more abundant order than the other two. The frequency of the orders in the soil layer were Oribatida, Prostigmata and Mesostigmata, respectively. The annual densities of the orders were Prostigmata, Mesostigmata and Oribatida in the litter while Prostigmata, Oribatida and Mesostigmata in the soil, respectively.


Abstract A depth-averaged, convection-dispersion equation is derived for the particle volume fraction distribution in the pressure-driven flow of a concentrated suspension of neutrally buoyant, non-colloidal particles between two parallel plates, by implementing a two-time-scale perturbation expansion of the suspension balance model (Nott & Brady, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 275, 1994, pp. 157–199) coupled with the constitutive equations of Zarraga et al. (J. Rheol., vol. 52, issue 2, 2000, pp. 185–220). The Taylor-dispersion coefficient in the macrotransport equation scales as $U_c^{\prime}B^{\prime 3}/a^{\prime 2}$, where $U_c^{\prime}$ is the characteristic depth-averaged velocity, $B^{\prime}$ is the half-depth of the channel and $a^{\prime}$ is the particle radius. Taylor dispersion relaxes gradients in the depth-averaged volume fraction along the local velocity vector. Perpendicular to the flow, however, only shear-induced migration can cause particle redistribution, leading to fluxes down gradients in volume fraction, shear rate and streamline curvature that scale as $U_c^{\prime}a^{\prime 2}/B^{\prime}$. To determine the velocity and particle distributions in Hele-Shaw suspension flows, one only needs to solve two coupled partial differential equations in the pressure and the depth-averaged volume fraction, achievable on commercially available solvers. Analogous to the macrotransport equation for suspension flow through a circular tube (Ramachandran, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 734, 2013, pp. 219–252), the evolution of the particle volume fraction distribution is dependent only on the total strain experienced by the suspension, and is independent of the suspension velocity scale. However, unlike the tube problem, a positive concentration gradient along the flow direction is susceptible to viscous miscible fingering. A linear stability analysis performed for a step increase in the volume fraction in the direction of flow with a velocity $U^{\prime}$ reveals that the growth rate and wavenumber corresponding to fastest growing mode scale as $U^{\prime}a^{\prime 2}/B^{\prime 3}$ and $a^{\prime 2/3}/B^{\prime 5/3}$, respectively.


To assess the effect of transabdominal amnioinfusion or no intervention on long‐term outcomes in children born after second‐trimester prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM between 16+0/7–24+0/7 weeks) and oligohydramnios.


Energy demand and flue gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with the industrial revolution have exhibited a continuous rise. Several approaches were introduced recently to mitigate energy consumption and CO2 emissions by either grass root design or retrofit of existing heat exchanger networks (HEN) in chemical process plants. In this work, a combinatorial approach of path combination is used to generate several options for heat recovery enhancement in HEN. The options are applied to successively shift heat load from HEN utilities using combined utility paths at different heat recovery approach temperature (HRAT) considering exchangers pressure drop. Industrial case study for HEN of the preheat train in crude oil distillation unit from the literature is used to demonstrate the approach. The obtained results have been studied economically using the cost targeting of Pinch Technology. As a result, both external energy usage and CO2 emissions have been reduced from a heater device in HEN by 20% and 17%, respectively, with a payback of less than one year.


To improve its structural performance, the multi-objective optimization of adhesively bonded single-lap joints of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates was carried out based on genetic algorithm. Firstly, finite element (FE) models were constructed using 3D Hashin damage criteria and triangle cohesive zone model (CZM), those well capture the intra-laminar, inter-laminar and adhesive damages during the tensile loads, respectively. And its effectiveness was verified through experiments. Secondly, using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method and polynomial response surface method (RSM), a multi-objective optimization agent model with tensile strength and shear strength as the objective function was established based on lap the length, the adhesive thickness and the width of the bonded parts. Finally, the tensile strength and shear strength agent model was optimized to obtain Pareto solution set based on genetic algorithm (GA), and the Pareto solution set was sequenced by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to obtain the optimized single-bonded joint structure design scheme. The result shows that the experimental measurements of tensile load tests concur with the numerical predictions and validate the FE models. The tensile strength and shear strength of the adhesively bonded single-lap joints of CFRP laminates have a significant correlation with the lap length, the thickness of the adhesive layer and the width of the bonded parts. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the error of the quadratic response surface proxy model results is less than 2.3%. Compared with the conventional single lap bonding structure, the tensile strength and shear strength are increased by 2.65% and 17.24%, respectively.


Several potential interferences with the determina tion of naringin and neohesperidin in commercial orange and grapefruit juices using a routine HPLC method are identified. The isocratic reversed phase method uses aqueous acetic acid:acetonitrile and a C-18 column to analyze filtered juice with UV detection at 280 nm. Interfering components include sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and peaks which appear to be substituted cinammic acids. Benzoate and sorbate are preservatives not found naturally in juice. The other compo nents appear to be natural juice constituents. Elimination of interference is accomplished through control of mobile phase strength and pH. Filter membranes were also found to adsorb flavanone glycosides. When more than 2 ml juice could be passed through any single filter tested, adsorption effects were minimal. Filtration of smaller sample amounts, how ever, had significant losses due to adsorption by some mate rials. Of five membrane materials tested, nylon adsorbed most while inorganic and cellulose acetate membranes had negligible adsorption. For the analysis of naringin and neohesperidin in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an isocratic reversed phase method employing an C-18 or octadecyl silyl (ODS) analytical column and aqueous acetic acid:acetonitrile as mobile phase is commonly used. The original method used water race tonitrile as mobile phase and was developed to quantitate naringin in grapefruit juice to facilitate bitterness evaluation (Fisher and Wheaton, 1976). Fisher (1976) reported the method could also be used to quantitate hesperidin in orange juice as an indication of juice extraction pressures. However, the method is not an accurate indicator of hesperidin content as insoluble and precipitated hesperidin is removed on fil tration during sample preparation. Addition of acetic acid was found to improve peak shape and reduce tailing (Galensa and Herrmann, 1980). Greiner and Wallrauch (1984) then noted the method could be used to quantitate naringin in orange and tangerine (Citrus reticulata) juice to indicate the presence of grapefruit juice. Their work was corroborated by Galensa, Ara and Siewek (1986) who analyzed sweet orange varieties from Israel after claims that some varieties of sweet orange do contain naringin. While sweet orange varieties have not been found to con tain naringin, it has been demonstrated that sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and some tangerine hybrid varieties do contain naringin (Rouseff, Martin and Youtsey, 1987). The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) Standard of Identity (USFDA, 1990) allow some orange juice to contain up to 5 percent sour orange and 10 percent tangerine or tangerine hybrid juices. Fortunately the ratio of naringin to neohesperidin differs between grapefruit (ratio > 13), sour orange (ratio 1-4) and K-Early tangor (ratio << 1); K-Early is the only tangerine hybrid culti vated in Florida containing naringin at significant levels. Rouseff, Martin and Youtsey (1987) also identified neoeriocitrin as a marker for sour orange. Sweet orange vari eties do not contain naringin, neoeriocitrin or neohesperi din. Based on this, they concluded determination of both naringin and neohesperidin is necessary to determine the origin of any naringin present in juice. Non-quantitative results may be obtained as a result of adsorption by filter materials during sample filtration. Rouseff (1988), while not specifying filter membrane type, advised against use of filters with pore ratings less than 1.2 fim due to adsorption problems. Interfering peaks from sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate (Figure 1) when present as declared or undeclared additives can also result in non-quantitative results. Several natural components present in orange juice also may interfere with the analysis. Galensa and Herrmann (1980) claimed a polyimide "sam ple cleanup" procedure was necessary to eliminate inter ferences with naringin up to the 5 ppm level. Rouseff (1988) also reported the existence of small interfering com ponents if the chromatography is not optimized. While not always present in significant amounts, they can interfere in the analysis of some juice samples as shown in Figure 2. From their UV spectra, these components appear to be


Abstract Less-intrusive, fast-responding, and full-field temperature measurements have long been a desired tool for the research community. Recently, the emission of a silicon-carbide (SiC) fiber placed in a flowing hot (or reacting) gas has been used to measure the temperature profile along the length of the fiber. The relationship between the gas and fiber temperature comes from an energy balance on the fiber. In the present work, we compared single point flame temperature measurements using thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) and thermocouples. The data was from vertically traversing a thermocouple and a SiC fiber through a methanol/air diffusion flame of a porous-metal wick burner. The results showed that the gas temperature using the TFP technique agreed with the thermocouple measurements (25.4 µm diameter wire) within 3.5% for temperatures above 1200 K. Additionally, we imaged the entire SiC fiber (with a spatial resolution of 0.14 mm) while it was in the flame using a high resolution CCD camera. The intensity level along the fiber length is a function of the temperature. This results in a one-dimensional temperature profiles at various heights above the burner wick. This temperature measurement technique, while having a precision of less than 1 K, showed data scatter as high as ±38 K. Finally, we discuss the major sources of uncertainty in gas temperature measurement using TFP.


General conditions of formation and dynamics of adsorption layer of inert surface-active compounds at the polymer/gas interface were investigated. A quantitative model describing the behavior of surface-active additive in polymer film during evaporation into gaseous phase was developed. The correctness of the model was demonstrated on the specific example of studying the behavior of fluoro-organic compounds in polyethylene. The possibility of modifying surface properties of thermoreactive polymers by reactive surface-active compounds was elucidated. It was found that the degree of epoxy polymer surface modification in systems made up of epoxy resin/monoepoxy ester of fatty acid is controlled by the ratio between the additive's rate of diffusion and the rate of its chemical reaction.


Lingu-culturology is an advanced branch of linguistics in Russia. During the last 10 years it has rapidly developed.Its development, theoretical source and basis, objects and schools of the study, important terminology and developing tendency are introduced and analysed.


A novel compact planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for laptop computers is presented. The proposed antenna is a multi-band single-feed PIFA operating in the IEEE 802.11a (5150–5350 MHz, 5725–5825MHz), IEEE 802.11b,g (2400–2484 MHz) and HIPERLAN2 (5470–5725MHz) frequency bands. The broad impedance bandwidth is achieved by combining a trapezoidal feed plate with two different resonance paths in the radiating patch. The overall size of the antenna makes it suitable to be mounted on the border of the display of a laptop computer. Simulation results are compared with measurements performed on an antenna prototype.


The error rates of multiferroic majority logic gate (MLG) in the presence of thermal noise fluctuation are evaluated via solving the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations. It is found that in the pre-stress condition, magnetisation orientations of nanomagnets in the MLG denote an initial 4°–10° departure from the easy axis direction due to random thermal noise field. This phenomenon may be the main origin of switching errors of multiferroic logic gates at high temperature. Specifically, in the post-stress condition, it has been seen that larger spacing between nanomagnets leads to a high error rate, up to 50%, which arises from weak dipolar coupling interactions and strong thermal fluctuations. However, opposed to their expected, small spacing between nanomagnets leads to a higher error rate, up to 90%, which mainly arises from spontaneous magnetisation reversal induced by weak stress anisotropy energy. Therefore, moderate spacing is very important to MLG switching at room temperature, for example the optimal spacing is 250–310 nm for MLG constructed with nanomagnets having shape anisotropy energy of 623 kT. These findings can provide guides on multiferroic logic circuit design.


This paper is a presentation of results obtained in experiments in which rough set theory's methods and techniques were applied in the identification and analysis of data dependencies and relationships on an empirical data. The data used pertains to the biological control of the Leafy Spurge weed in the prairies of Western Canada. The project used an agent beetle known as Aphthona nigriscutis (A. n.). The rough set theory was applied to the data in order to identify and analyze the different factors affecting the success of the biological control of the host weed. Discovery and confirmation of meaningful patterns and the computation of a set of rules for the critical application of agent beetle in the control of the host weed were very encouraging.


Mt. Pinatubo is part of a chain of volcanoes, formed over a million years ago through the subduction of the Eurasian Plate under the smaller Philippine Belt. No eruption has ever been reported in the modern era (at least during the island's official recorded history). However, oral traditions chronicle several eruptions that would have certainly occurred during the island's dark pre-Hispanic past.


The solution to Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation equation can be freely found in literature for two different cases of initial excess pore water pressure varying with depth; linear or uniform. As a result, one of these distributions is usually adopted for most consolidation analyses. However, whilst the initial excess pore water pressure can be expected to vary with depth, it may not necessarily adhere to a uniform or linear format. The primary focus of this paper will involve a consolidation
analysis of a soil layer with one- or two-way drainage subjected to several possible initial excess pore water pressure distributions. It will be shown that the traditional definition for degree of consolidation is sometimes inadequate when describing the state of consolidation. For example, at certain depths, the pore water pressure can increase during consolidation, particularly when the majority of initial excess pore pressure is confined to a small region of the overall stratum.


Possibilities of Halal Tourism in Sri Lanka MHM. Muzlifa, AH. Rifas & IM. Sahthees Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Lecturer (Prob.) in Islamic Banking and Finance, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com,firstname.lastname@example.com


User identification and prediction is one typical problem with the cross-device connection. User identification is useful for the recommendation engine, online advertising, and user experiences. Extreme sparse and large-scale data make user identification a challenging problem. To achieve better performance and accuracy for identification a better model with short turnaround time, and able to handle extremely sparse and large-scale data is the key. In this paper, we proposed a novel efficient machine learning approach to deal with such problem. We have adapted Field-aware Factorization Machine's approach using auto feature engineering techniques. Our model has the capacity to handle multiple features within the same field. The model provides an efficient way to handle the fields in the matrix. It counts the unique fields in the matrix and divides both the matrix with that value, which provide an efficient and scalable technique in term of time complexity. The accuracy of the model is 0.864845, when tested with Drawbridge datasets released in the context of the ICDM 2015 Cross-Device Connections Challenge.


Summary Background: In order to facilitate the use of evidence-based guidelines in primary care, the expert system Depression-Scout ® was developed as a quality management tool. Methods: The content is derived from evidencebased guidelines that resulted from projects within the German Competence Network Depression/Suicidality. The software generates evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and therapy measures. The internal algorithms are based on current evidencebased guidelines. The pilot version of the Depression-Scout ® software was evaluated for the ease of use and benefit in the daily routine by GPs, psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Results: The participants stated that the Depression-Scout ® software has a clear structure (73.6%) and its use is straightforward (70%). The guideline-based recommendations were rated by 95% as helpful and beneficial for the primary care. The program is also valuable for monitoring of care (76.5%). Conclusions: The results of the pilot evaluation of the Depression-Scout ® indicate that it can be well integrated into the practice routine and that the quality of depression primary care could be improved, by aligning the diagnostic and therapeutic measures on current clinical guidelines and facilitating a case management respecting patient needs.


With on-site measuring data, authors used effective bearing area of members as statistical objects, calculated statistical parameters of live construction load of concrete buildings, referred domestic and foreign achievements, and provided advice about live construction load per effective bearing area of members.=


In this paper we draw on the concept of governmentality to examine the relationships between donors and northern non-governmental organisations (NGOs) during moments of policy change. Our case study comes from New Zealand/Aotearoa where a change in government has seen aid policy shift from poverty alleviation to sustainable economic development. We detail three mechanisms through which the government sought to normalise this change: changes in language and fields of visibility; institutional reform; and funding delays and cuts. Far from being complete, however, we also trace how some NGOs contested the new agenda through engaging in the practice of politics and how, at least temporarily, new more politicised development subjectivities were created. While our study raises awkward questions about the autonomy of NGOs within current funding environments, we also emphasise the productive possibilities and openings that emerge as one set of development ideas and techniques, or developmentalities, shifts to another.


The article expatiated on the cause,the factor and the stability of resistance to drugs in trypanosomes, then revealed the mechanisms of the resistance. Studies showed that the mechanisms of resistance include the change of enzyme activities, the mechanism of transfer of transporter,as well as the activation of resistant gene in trypanosomes.


INTRODUCTION
Most postmenopausal women have some of menopausal symptoms due to oestrogen deprivation. Many therapeutic options are available for managing menopausal problems. However, hormone therapy is associated with a heightened risk for thromboembolic events.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of different types of hormone therapy on some haemostatic parameters.

METHODS
This randomized, controlled study included 56 healthy, early postmenopausal women aged 46-58 years on different types of hormone therapy (tibolone 2.5 mg/day, 25 women, or CCHT 2 mg estradiol plus 1 mg norethisteron acetate, 31 women) and 20 healthy postmenopausal women of the same age receiving placebo. Effects of these 2 medicaments on some haemostasis parameters were measured 3 and 6 months after the onset of treatment.

RESULTS
Short-term use (3 months) of both tibolone and CCHT had a detrimental effect on antithrombin, protein C and protein S levels (decreased), and even more so in the group treated with CCHT. Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 levels were decreased by both tibolone and CCHT, but more so by CCHT; thrombin-antithrombin complex were increased in both groups. There were no changes in haemostatic parameters between 3-month and 6-month treatment in any group.

CONCLUSION
Both therapeutic options are associated with an activation of thrombogenic and fibrinolytic markers within 3 months of use. Tibolone appears to produce a better balance between thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis. Since our results show a lower incidence of thrombotic events, further studies are required.


The issue about life and death appeared on the Suh Jung Jon's texts can be mainly characterized by the imagination on the term, 'Flower', The flower in his texts functions as a symbol of rebirth 'Secret Word', 'Flower', 'What kind of flower rubbing my heart makes me so eager to live like this?' are the works can he the examples of this statement and they follows the track or historical genelogy containing the texts of former generations such as 'Madam Lovebird's Boopulyi', 'Priness Bari', 'The tale of Shim Chung' and so on, which have established the archetype of Korean culture. The archetype of rebirth is clearly portrayed on the 'Resurrection'. It shows that Sub Jung Joo's aspect of life and death, which inclines toward the eternity in terms of the rebirth, has been examined from his early years. At the bottom line of the aesthetics of Sub Jung Joo's eternity which is examined by the imagination of 'Flower', there is the arechetype of our national culture and aspect of world in Buddhism. Suh Jung Joo actively adopts the aesthetic ideologies like 'Animism', 'Hylozoism', 'Universal Organism' and 'the transmigration of souls'to his works. We can observe the philosophical and religious background in his aspects of life and death through the world professed by his numerous works 'Old song 2', 'Beside Chrysanthemum', 'Karma Story Song' etc. And in his works such 'Bunch of Flower from a Stranger', 'Pomegranate Flower', 'Monologue in a flower garden' and so on, the metaphysics of eternity is aesthetically accomplished in a much more refined way. 'A Flower' itself becomes the aestheticlly reproduced object of eternity and the eternal existing manners of love and production, or objectively correlated concept about the metaphysical ideal which disregards the peril of life. The way that Suh Jung Joo deals with the theme of flower is practically so much different from the way the other poets do in 20th century. He was constantly concerned about the questions that examine the aesthetic ideal and overcome the matter of death. In this process, the subject that is mainly and frequently used is the 'Flower', Consequently, the 'Flower' in Sub lung Joo's texts is the most significant image that establishes the nature of eternity and aesthetic point of view.


ABSTRACT Community college student affairs professionals support student success by understanding the distinctive qualities of both their institution and students. Equitable student outcomes will remain elusive if student affairs professionals are not specifically prepared to support community college students. We conducted a longitudinal study of master's-level student affairs curriculum in two temporal periods, academic years 2013–2014 and 2018–2019. We examined student affairs and higher education programs (N = 237) in 2013–2014 and (N = 241) in 2018–2019 to identify curricular coursework focused on community colleges. In both periods, community college coursework was rarely included as a requirement and appeared at a slightly higher rate as an elective and in higher education programs. We argue that this lack of coursework renders these institutions and their students invisible, which reifies marginalization. The preparation of student affairs professionals to support community college students is a matter of social justice.


BACKGROUND
Telerehabilitation has been proposed as an effective strategy to deliver post-stroke specific exercise.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of core stability exercises guided by a telerehabilitation App after hospital discharge.

METHODS
Extension of a prospective controlled trial. Subacute stage stroke survivors were included at the time of hospital discharge where they had participated in a previous 5-week randomized controlled trial comparing conventional physiotherapy versus core stability exercises. After discharge, patients from the experimental group were offered access to telerehabilitation to perform core stability exercises at home (AppG), while those from the control group were subject to usual care (CG). The Spanish-version of the Trunk Impairment Scale 2.0 (S-TIS 2.0), Function in Sitting Test (S-FIST), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Spanish-version of Postural Assessment for Stroke Patients (S-PASS), the number of falls, Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA) and Gait were assessed before and after 3 months intervention.

RESULTS
A total of 49 subjects were recruited. AppG showed greater improvement in balance in both sitting and standing position and gait compared with CG, although no statistically significant differences were obtained.

CONCLUSION
Core stability exercises Telerehabilitation as a home-based guide appears to improve balance in post-stroke stage. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects as well as identifying strategies to increase telerehabilitation adherence.


Smoking is one of the major public health concerns and it is harmful to people's health status. This cross sectional survey was conducted to study the Nicotine dependence among industrial workers in Myanmar. Mandalay city was purposively selected where the second largest industrial zone is situated. A total of two hundred and ninety two industrial workers aged sixteen years old and above participated. Data collection was done by using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 23 and descriptive findings were interpreted as frequency and percentage, and the chi-squared test was used to find the association of nicotine dependence. The significance level of all statistical tests was determined with the p value < 0.05. All of the respondents were male (100%) and the mean age of the respondents was 30.7. About 75% of the industrial workers showed low and very low dependence from the nicotine while the rest 25% showed medium to very high dependence. There was a statistically significance association between age (p < 0.001), marital status (p = 0.031), education status (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.001), age at first cigarette smoked (p < 0.001) and number of years cigarette smoked (p < 0.015) and nicotine dependence. Further studies with similar setting are recommended to conduct on nicotine dependence and its correlation among the industrial workers in Myanmar, and the government authority should plan and conduct the effective intervention on health education and awareness program about smoking and nicotine dependence.


This is a ground-breaking study of the formation of a new voice in theology emerging from African women theologians working against the grain of the African mission churches' settled interpretation of women's role. The theological themes and societall vision of Protestant and Catholic women theologians is opened up for a western readership in a radical and accessible way. A fund of new information and insight from African theologians only just emerging onto the Western academic horizon.


Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) is a highly virulent bacterium which is difficult to eradicate. It has become a common nosocomail pathogen. However, it is relatively less emphasized in outpatient settings. Moreover, although Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen of the head and neck, MRSA infection in the sinonasal area rarely reported. Methods: Charts were reviewed to find MRSA rhinosinusitis patients who were diagnosed in the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital. When rhinosinusitis patients were not responsive to empiric antibiotic treatment in the Outpatient Clinic, specimens were taken from the middle meatus with cotton-tipped sticks. The specimens were sent for aerobic and anaerobic cultures to determine the appropriate antibiotics to be used for treatment. After MRSA was cultured, several treatments, including antibiotics and nasal irrigation, were used for these patients. Results: Twenty-eight patients with MRSA rhinosinusitis were identified in our Outpatient Clinic between July 1995 and August 1997. Among them, 16 patients were male, and 12 were female. Their ages ranged from 7 to 71 years old. The mean age was 36.1 years. Six of these MRSA-infected patients were chronic sinusitis patients without any history of prior sinonasal surgery. Three were chronic hypertrophic rhinitis patients who had undergone a partial turbinectomy. The remaining 19 patients had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The indication for FESS chronic sinusitis in 17 patients, noninvasive fungal sinusitis in another, and atrophic rhinitis in the last. Mucopurulent nasal discharge and nasal crusting were the most common clinical manifestations. No responsible predisposing factor was found in these MRSA-infected patients. After treatment, 21 patients improved. Conclusions: MRSA infection may constitute a new problem in the management of rhinosinusitis patients.


The development of non-proprietary Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is one way to reduce the initial cost of construction. However, workability is a major issue for which such mixtures are not practical in field conditions. Ultra-high performance cannot be achieved in field conditions if the concrete is not placed, finished, and compacted properly during placement. In this research, six UHPC mixtures were developed (three with steel fibers and three without fibers) using materials which are readily available on the local marketplace with water-to-cementitious materials ratios ranging between 0.17 to 0.30. The workability was determined using standard ASTM flow table apparatus, and specimens were prepared to determine compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and permeable porosity. Flow table test exhibited flow values greater than 250 mm. Such high workability of the mixtures was achieved by optimizing the silica fume content and water reducing admixture dosage. These mixtures exhibited compressive strengths greater than 120 MPa and splitting tensile strengths greater than 5.10 MPa in both ambient and elevated curing temperatures. Results indicated that UHPC can be produced with a water-to-cementitious materials ratio as high as 0.30. Steel fibers helped to increase splitting tensile strength due to fiber-matrix interactions. Very low permeable porosity (1.7–16.7%) was observed which indicates superior durability due to the significant reduction of ingress of deleterious ions.


Objective Recent genome-wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI)/generalized obesity. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of identified SNPs with risk of central obesity in a child population from China. Methods We genotyped 11 SNPs (FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, GNPDA2 rs10938397, BDNF rs6265, FAIM2 rs7138803, NPC1 rs1805081, SEC16B rs10913469, SH2B1 rs4788102, PCSK1rs6235, KCTD15 rs29941, BAT2 rs2844479) in the Chinese children (N = 3502, age range 6–18 years) from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS). Based on the age- and sex- specific waist circumference (WC) standards generated in the BCAMS study, 1196 central obese cases and 2306 controls were identified. Results Of 11 studied SNPs, four SNPs and genetic risk score (GRS) based on them were statistically significantly associated with central obesity by WC criteria (FTO rs9939609: OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.10–1.50, p = 0.001; MC4R rs17782313: OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.12–1.44, p = 1.32×10−4; GNPDA2 rs10938397: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.09–1.37, p = 4.09×10−4; BDNF rs6265: OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.08–1.34, p = 8.86×10−4; GRS: OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.16–1.34, p = 2.58×10−9) after adjustment for sex, age, pubertal stage, physical activity and family history of obesity. Similar observations were made using weight-to-height ratio (WHtR) criterion. However, other SNPs were not associated with central obesity by WC as well as WHtR criterion. Conclusions Our study replicates the statistically significant association of four SNPs (FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, GNPDA2 rs10938397, BDNF rs6265) with risk of central obesity in the Chinese children.


Aiming at the problem of detection and location of existing distribution automation terminals under the condition of high resistance ground fault in resonant grounded distribution network, this paper proposes a single-phase ground fault detection and section location method based on non power frequency signal injection. Based on the permanent grounding fault of distribution network, firstly, the active flexible grounding device is used to inject the small signal of non power frequency characteristic current into the neutral point of distribution network, and the non power frequency current amplitude is extracted through the detection of distribution automation terminal on the fault feeder. According to the difference of non power frequency characteristic current amplitude between normal and fault areas, a fault location criterion based on the ratio of section current to threshold amplitude is proposed to realize the accurate location of fault areas. The influence of injection signal parameters on ground fault detection and location methods is further analyzed, and the injection size and optimal frequency band of non power frequency signal are selected. The simulation results show that this method has strong resistance to high resistance and high accuracy, and can realize the accurate location of fault section under a wide range of grounding resistance.