This article reassesses the place of Louisa May Alcott's pseudonymous domestic horror fiction in the wider canon of her work. Traditionally, Alcott's domestic horror writing has been viewed as an expression of her repressed authorial individualism and desire for incorporation into a male literary tradition. Through examining Alcott's allusions to Nathaniel Hawthorne, I argue that her domestic horror writing exposes the traumatic repercussions of male individualism for women in the work of her contemporaries. Her pseudonymous horror novella, A Marble Woman (1865), appropriates Hawthorne's allusions to the Pygmalion myth in his earlier novel, The Marble Faun (1860), to demonstrate that the male artist's preoccupation with a lifeless muse is contingent upon acts of psychological abuse. Alcott interrogates Hawthorne's elevation of the female copyist to demonstrate that Hawthorne only endorses women's art when it supports male traditions of creativity, thereby placing women in a subordinate role that stunts their creative power. In place of copyism, Alcott promotes an equal relationship between male and female artists that enables women to critique the work of men. Her domestic horror writing should therefore be read as satirical commentary on the elevation of male artists in the work of her contemporaries in the Concord circle.


zine have appeared, th6 contents of which we shall proceed to enumerate, and occasionally to comment upon. Aloefoliolosa. Under rhis article Mr. Ker has given a new generic character of the genus Aloe ; the principal additional character in which appears to us to be its having winged seeds. This spccies is nearly allied to A., spiralis, from which, and from the c'ushion-aloes, it" differs, remarkably in habit from ^he lengthening of the caudex, still closely covered with the foliage. Aloe recurvas utnosa.of Lamarck, and Aloe mirabilisy both belong


The impact of physical activity on human health has many benefits. Equally important in improving physical fitness and normalizing cardiovascular system seems to be the impact of exercise on mood of patients. Physical activity improves well-being, satisfaction and self-confidence. However, the condition of effective therapeutic intervention is due to its regularity, since only systematic exercises allow to maintain the beneficial effects of physical activity. Otherwise, the results achieved are only temporary. This article aims to review the current literature and show the most important aspects of motion therapy in improving the psychophysical condition of patients.


Abstract : The United States Army Reserve is undergoing tremendous change during transformation to include Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC). It is closing 176 reserve centers, occupying 125 new joint reserve centers; disestablishing ten Regional Readiness Commands (RRCs) and three Regional Readiness Groups, and establishing four Regional Readiness Sustainment Commands and restructuring several Operational and Functional Commands. During transformation, the Army Reserve will dissolve RRC alignment with the ten Federal Emergency Management Agency regions, activate several sustainment and combat support commands to support Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN), and field the Future Combat Systems within the next ten years to meet operational reserve requirements. The Army Reserve can meet its obligation for Homeland Security through the foreseeable future, but must guard against creating capability shortfalls during transformation. This paper will examine the challenges and provide some recommendations that can ensure and enhance its ability to provide civil support when the Nation calls.


Preface1: What's This All About?2: Why Do Archaeology?3: Principles and Practice4:What's It Like?5: Archaeology in Cultural Resource Management6: Who Does What? Archaeological Roles in Cultural Resource Management and Beyond7: Key Issues in Cultural Resource Management Archaeology8: Conclusion: A View from My BackyardAPPENDIX A: Archaeology Related Web Sites: A Small and Unsystematic SampleAPPENDIX B: Some Cultural Resource Laws And International StandardsNotesGlossaryFor Further ReadingIndexAbout The Author


AH-30 is a type of high-viscosity matrix asphalt. The asphalt mixture made by AH-30 as a binder has an excellent antirutting performance. However, the other road performance of AH-30 was still worthy of attention. This research aims to reveal the properties of AH-30 and its impact on the road performance of asphalt mixtures (AH30-AC20/25). The AH-70 neat asphalt and SBS modified asphalt were prepared for comparison. The high-temperature sensitivity and fatigue resistance of AH-30 are evaluated by the dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test. The low-temperature performance is evaluated by the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test. The high-temperature stability (HTS) of AH30-AC20/25 is carried out by the wheel tracking (WT) test and the repeated shear constant height (RSCH) test. The low-temperature crack resistance (LTCR) is carried out by the direct stretching (DS) test. The fatigue property is carried out by the three-point bending test. Water stability (WS) is carried out by the Marshall residual stability (MRS) and the intensity ratio of the frozen and melted (IRFM) test. The test results show that the high-temperature resistance of AH-30 is better than that of AH-70. The low-temperature crack resistance of AH-30 is equivalent to that of AH-70. The AH-30 as a binder can meet the requirements of the roads, which are located at a minimum temperature of not less than −10.5°C in winter. The fatigue property of the AH-30 asphalt mixture is poor, which may be one reason why AH-30 asphalt pavement is more prone to cracking. The water stability of the AH30-AC (20/25) asphalt mixture can meet the specification requirements, and AH30-AC20 is better than the other two asphalt mixtures. The research of this paper will provide a basis and reference for the popularization and application of AH-30 in asphalt pavement.


In the evaluation of an antiemetic as a prophylactic addition to the anesthetic regimen, it is as important to observe its effects on the course of anesthesia as to determine its efficacy in preventing nausea and vomiting. To appraise the effect of haloperidol on the course of anesthesia, we compared the groups receiving haloperidol with controls for the amount of anesthetic required for induction, speed of emergence, changes in vital signs, and adverse postoperative reactions.


With diminishing margins for leading-edge products in advanced technology nodes, design closure and accuracy of timing analysis have emerged as serious concerns. A significant portion of design turnaround time is spent on timing analysis at combinations of process, voltage and temperature (PVT) corners. At the same time, accurate, signoff-quality timing analysis is desired during place-and-route and optimization steps, to avoid loops in the flow as well as overdesign that wastes area and power. We observe that timing results for a given path at different corners will have strong correlations, if only as a consequence of physics of devices and interconnects. We investigate a data-driven approach, based on multivariate linear regression, to predict the timing analysis at unobserved corners from analysis results at observed corners. We use a simple backward stepwise selection strategy to choose which corners to observe and which to predict. In order to accelerate convergence of the design process, the model must yield predicted values (from analysis at a limited number of observed corners) that are sufficiently accurate to substitute for unobserved ones. Our empirical results indicate that this is likely the case. With a 1M-instance example in foundry 16nm enablement, we obtain a model based on 10 observed corners that predicts timing results at the remaining 48 unobserved corners with less than 0.5% relative root mean squared error, and 99% of the model's relative prediction errors are less than 0.6%.


Introduction:  Deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin are the main inherited risk factors in Thai patients with venous thromboembolism, although the prevalence is not high.


A 2-day symposium on the reduction of exhaust emissions from aircraft piston engines was held on September 14 and 15, 1976, at the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Papers were presented by both government organizations and the general aviation industry on the status of government contracts, emission measurement problems, data reduction procedures, flight testing, and emission reduction techniques.


The objective of this study was to compare tumourigenic characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) and embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) to identify a robust and simple model for studying certain aspects of cell transformation and tumourigenesis, in tumour progression of HESCs.


It is possible and even preferable to approach second-language learning from the point of view of pedagogical contexts, or variables, which can influence the learning process as well as each other. There are at least 99 general pedagogical variables which, without even touching on the social, linguistic or cultural variables, can be broken down into thousands of sub-variables. The political contexts dealing only with the demographic, statutory, administrative and sociopolitical aspects are numerous as well. Five large tables serve to illustrate these contexts and help us better understand them by providing information on the research conclusions.


Many rivers worldwide are polluted with trace elements originating from past or present mining. Even after closure and remediation of the mines, highly contaminated floodplains often remain as a source of contaminant release into river and ground water. Arsenic (As) has a high potential for mobilization unter reducing conditions, e.g. during soil flooding, but this strongly depends on the speciation of As among other factors. We studied the speciation and micro-scale distribution of As in alluvial soils and sediments along the river Ogosta in NW-Bulgaria. Ogosta, an important tributary to the lower Danube river, was strongly affected by mining of Au, Fe, and Pb/Ag between 1951 and 1999. Soil samples were collected along transects ranging from the river bed through the lower and upper floodplains, taking special precautions to minimize oxidation. All samples were analyzed for soil pH, mineralogy, elemental composition, and oxalate-extractable As and Fe. Arsenic speciation was investigated by As K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Thin sections of undisturbed soil were prepared and examined by micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectrometry and μ-XAS. Additionally, selected soils were size-fractionated to explore the elemental composition, mineralogy, and As speciation as a function of particle size. Soil As concentrations in the floodplain ranged between 40 and 37, 400 mg kg-1. Highly As-contaminated soils were also enriched in Fe, Mn, S, Pb, Sb, and other trace elements. Bulk and micro-XAS, combined with oxalate-extractions, revealed that most As was present as As (V) sorbed to poorlycrystalline Fe (III)-oxyhydroxides, with smaller amounts of As bound in arsenopyrite. The fine particle size fractions <5 and 5-20 μm were strongly enriched in As (up to 93, 000 mg kg-1) as compared to the corresponding bulk soils. These size separates contained only traces of arsenopyrite and exhibited very high oxalate-extractable As and Fe contents, reaching molar Fe/As ratios of <5. Our results suggest that As and Fe in these soils should be readily bioavailable for microbial reduction upon soil flooding.


As an effect of the globalization era, telecommunication technology, especially in wireless communication system is forced to prepare high data rate with reliable Quality of Service (QoS) with Low Bit Error Rate (BER) and very small power). The problem in mobile communication is multipath fading, which affected the rising of error data receive on receiver side.Multi Carrier-Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system is a combine technique between multiple access techniques with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The using of MC-CDMA will make frequency selective fading change into flat fading, so the process for overcoming the fading effect is easier. Beside the ability to overcome multipath fading, it also makes the use of bandwidth more efficient. The channel coding technique is needed to overcome random error which resulted by multipath fading. This final project simulates the Regular coding technique's performance Regular Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) on MC-CDMA system by modified scheme using MATLAB 7.0.4 software. The simulation result is analyzed about the compare number of bit '1' effect, the effect of variant size of block code, number of decoding iteration and the effect of user's speed. The simulation result showed that LDPC Coded MC-CDMA system with Regular coding technique 6,3 dB. In every compare variation,regular LDPC has better performance than Uncoded.


A neural network model, called the hybrid location-content addressable memory (HyLCAM), for representing binary-to-binary mappings is presented. A cascaded connection of a single-layer perceptron and a location addressable memory characterizes the structure of the HyLCAM that implements the concept of indirect association. A three-tuple (X,Z,Y) defines the state of the HyLCAM. The intermediate state Z plays an important role in learning and storing the given association (X, Y). The key of HyLCAM encoding is that a designer is to construct the immediate states so that they are linearly separable with respect to inputs. This manual operation, referred to as code generation, eliminates the limitations of back propagation, such as a slow learning speed and the convergence to error local minima. Two simple code generation methods are developed, and their performances are compared.<<ETX>>


The biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix, such as nanotopography and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, etc. Recognition of the function of a certain biophysical cue and fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with specific properties would have important implications and significant applications in tissue engineering. Herein, nanotopographic and piezoelectric biomaterials are fabricated and the combination effect of and individual contribution to proliferation, adhesion, and neuron‐like differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs) are clarified via nanotopography and piezoelectricity. Piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride with nanostripe array structures is fabricated, which can generate a surface piezoelectric potential up to millivolt by cell movement and traction. The results reveal a more favorable effect on neuron‐like differentiation of rbMSCs from the combination of piezoelectricity and nanotopography rather than nanotopography alone, whereas nanotopography can increase cellular adhesion. This research provides a new insight into designing biomaterials for the potential application in neural tissue engineering.


The early stages of industrial SPC (statistical process control) programs are typically characterized by trendcharts at critical process steps. As processes are brought under control, these trendcharts are replaced by control charts. But premature replacement of trendcharts by control charts, before processes are under control, may undermine the credibility of nascent SPC programs, causing a barrage of special cause flags triggered by limits inappropriately calculated on unstable processes. The author describes an operational definition of the term under control as needed to decided which trendcharts can be implemented on control charts. Simple rules, which derive from Monte Carlo simulations of special cause flags from W.A. Shewhart (1931) and L.S. Nelson (1984), provide constant and low probabilities of inappropriate process rejection and maintain the high efficiency of time series analysis intrinsic to traditional special cause flags. The rules depend heavily on sample size; it is shown that any attempt to ignore the effects of sample size will invite wildly uncontrolled risks of rejection good processes. A table is provided to facilitate application of these setup tests at a constant and low risk of rejecting good processes.<<ETX>>


The characteristic of settlement and difficulty of construction in a group of tunnels and silos of left bank mixing system of Xiaowan power station are introduced.In order to arrive requirements of design and ensure stabilization of wall rock,the method of one break into several parts are taken in the course of excavating in silo dome,which proride good reference for similar works.


Background: Diabetic septic foot contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes leading to substantial physical, physiological and financial burden for the patients and community at large. Objective: to determine the prevalence, patterns and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers amongst patients with diabetes mellitus who were attending the diabetes center of Arar city in the period of the study. Methods: This was a retrospective study in the patients of the diabetes center of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out during the period from 1 April to 31 May, 2018. All the patients attended the diabetes center in the period of the study were included in our data. The data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. The questionnaire covered all the necessary items in the research. Data were collected through personal interviews with the participants and filling the questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of diabetic foot among the included diabetic patients was 52.8%. 77.8% had type II and 22.2% had type I, 83.3% had glucometer and 38.9% monitor their blood glucose level daily, 41.7% were obese, 77.8% had hypertension, 52.8% had hyperlipidemia. Only 11.1% examined the pulse and sensation the foot of the population. For diabetes control, 58.3% of them use oral tablets, 27.8% use insulin injection and 13.9% use both tablets and insulin but 52.8 of them have complication with treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic foot among the included diabetic patients was high (52.8%). This emphasizes the importance of the more health education and better management of the diabetic patients in order to reduce the burden of health care costs of diabetic foot.


At present,there is a lack of in-depth research and breakthrough of the universal and special treatment methods for the soft soil foundation.Based on the construction practice of water conservancy engineering,this paper explores the construction techniques of caisson foundation.These techniques have been planned to be applied as the provincial construction techniques.


Introduction Kimoto et al.1were among the first to point out the feasibility of the clinical application of alcohol-preserved homografts. They reported three cases in which the homografts used were preserved in pure alcohol and three cases in which the homografts used were preserved in 70% alcohol. Two cases of aortic aneurysm treated by resection and grafting, with use of aortic homografts preserved in alcohol were reported. One of the aortic grafts had been followed for a period of one year, the other for a period of only three months. At the present time, vascular prostheses made of synthetic materials are preferable to homografts; however, aortic homografts do have certain advantages. The visceral branches, such as the renals, superior mesenteric, and celiac axis, are present. Also, homografts are technically easier to handle. The disadvantages associated with the use of homografts have been enumerated, and they are (1) difficulty in


Objective To investigate the usage and rationality of the common oral cardiovascular drugs. Methods Nine hundread and thirty-five discharge records of cardiovascular department were extracted,and a survery on cardiovascular medicine usage were performed. The total dose and dosing days of these drugs were calculated to the DUI. Results There were 9 class 15 kinds of cardiovascular drugs in our hospital. The DUI of amlodipine and fosinopril were greater than 1,the DUI of other 13 drugs were less than or equal to 1. Conclusion The dose of amlodipine and fosinopril were too large,the dose of other 13 drugs were basic rational.


This chapter deals with the books on art in Antiquity would find 'The Flavian Age', or similar. The particular critical pulsation which inspired Mrs Arthur Strong to leave her Hellenocentric focus behind, moving beyond Pliny's retrospect on Greek production to commit herself confidently to Roman art and especially Roman sculpture. Oxbridge would have to fall into line and follow her lead, was a bizarre brew of heady theorising hot off the press from two scholars working in Vienna. Strong's colleagues knew from the outset that the Arch of Titus could hardly be held to typify Flavian style, let alone Roman Art. The archway reliefs obey a particular stylistic decorum official, ceremonial, traditional; but also improvisational, focused on occasion. The Cancelleria Reliefs may bring us near to zero referentiality within the political-religious-military theatres of the Roman empire, but they tell all on these failing Flavians. Keywords: Arch of Titus; Cancelleria Reliefs; Flavian Age; Greek production; Mrs Arthur Strong; Roman sculpture; Vienna


Detailedly demonstrate the application of virtual prototype technology software in the process of designing a tipper lifting mechanism.This article mainly contains the following items: model building,dynamics analyse,secondary development and optimization design of tipper lifting mechanism.


real-time tracking strategy which substantially resolve the challenges of the ATR chemical and biological degradation kinetics. By utilizing a potentiometric sensor, tracking of ATR chemical and biological degradation kinetics can be performed in a very short time with excellent accuracy. The LOD was calculated to be 0.23 (cid:2) mol L − 1 , the potential drift was investigated over a period of 60 min and the value was 0.25 mV h − 1 . Real serum samples for measurement the rate of in vitro metabolism of ATR was performed. Furthermore, a full description of the fabricated screen-printed sensor was presented. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m 2 . The aim of this study was to evaluate whether any correlation exists among 25 hydroxyvitamin D, BMI, and other biochemical parameters in Turkish women subjects. Methods: Atotalnumberof31subjectswithBMI ≥ 25kg/m 2 wereincluded. Thesepatientswere,subsequently,dividedinto2groups accordingtotheirBMI.Group1consistedof patientswithBMI:25-34kg/m 2 andgroup2withBMI ≥ 35kg/m 2 . Venousbloodsamples werecollectedfromthesubjectsinamorningfastingstatetomeasureserumVitDlevels. highperformanceliquidchromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was used for Vit D measurement. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was used to quantify insulin resistance (IR). Results: A total number of 15 subjects (46.9%) had BMI 25 - 34 kg/m 2 (group 1) and 17 subjects had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (group 2). Vit D levels were 24.82 ± 13.7 ng/mL in group 1 and 23.56 ± 12.31 ng/mL in group 2. Although Vit D levels were lower than normal limits in both groups, they were not statistically different among the groups (p 0.901). Although statistically insignificant, insulin levels werehigheringroup2thangroup1(19.68 ± 7.91 µ U/mLvs17.6 ± 12.02 µ U/mL;P=0.29)andinsulinlevelswerenegativelycorrelated with Vit D (r = -0,631; P = 0,002; P < 0,05). HOMA-IR levels were insignificantly higher in group 2 patients than group 1 patients (5.10 ± 2.89 vs 4.19 ± 3.35; P = 0.25). HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with Vit D (r = -0,456; P = 0.05). Conclusions: We demonstrated decreased Vit D levels and a negative correlation among serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and Vit D in Turkish obese women. Epidemiological studies, also, indicate that Vit D deficiency may be related with IR and the development of diabetes. Further studies are needed.


These two books combine with Henry Johnson's earlier work on the koto (2004) to complete an outstanding trilogy on what are arguably the three most important traditional instruments in Japan. The s...


Scene monitoring systems are finding widespread application within the security market. The dominant share of the market is held by closed circuit TV (CCTV)-based systems. Techniques for evaluating CCTV-based systems are addressed. The systems, normally using imagery from CCTV cameras as their input, can range from simple movement detection equipment to very sophisticated intelligent scene analysis devices. Thought has been given to the issues which need to be addressed when evaluating such systems, as well as the various techniques which could be used. The authors review the thoughts of those involved. The view taken in evaluating scene monitoring systems has been to work closely with the potential end users of the systems to see how the systems perform in real life settings. Real-life scenes are seen as essential to the evaluation process as they contain such a wide range of changes. The implementation of a specific evaluation is described.<<ETX>>


The object of the encouragement is determined as people who have criminal intention by academic cir- cles.However,people who have criminal intention can be classified into two types:continuous criminals and people who never commit crime,and only temporarily has criminal intention,the former is certainly the object of the encouragement,but the latter deserve argument,because it is challenged and questioned by criminal theories, penalty theories,criminal psychology,jurisprudence,practice and so on.


We studied seasonal changes in the abundance, diversity, and similarity of avian communities in abandoned rice fields representing a variety of successional stages on the Cooper River, Berkeley County, South Carolina. Pamela Corwin1,2 and Paul M. Nolan1. 1Dept. of Biology, The Citadel, Charleston, SC USA 29409 2SC Dept. of Natural Resources, Dennis Wildlife Center, Bonneau, SC USA 29431, email@example.com Avian Community Response to Seasonal and Successional Changes


The present invention relates to a reactor-exchanger (1), a container (2), means for distributing the feed material through the fixed bed catalytic zone (10), means for collecting effluent from the catalytic zone (10) and (6), and means for heating the catalytic zone (10), said collecting means (6) comprises a conduit extending through the catalytic zone (10), the conduit is distributed in the catalytic zone, and , placed between the heating means, means for heating the catalytic zone are contained in a sheath (8), the sheath (8) is partly embedded in the catalyst zone (10), the sheath ( 8) is open at one end, closed at the other end, the open end is fixed to the upper tube plate (21), the upper tube plate, a collection chamber (19) located above the catalytic zone (10) defining, the heating means includes at least one combustion zone located close to the catalytic zone (13), fuel A band (13) means for supplying an oxidizing gas mixture (15), and means (17) for supplying gas fuel into a combustion zone (13), and means (14) for discharging the gaseous effluent deriving from the combustion including, on things.


Avalanche hot carrier induced bipolar device degradation as a function of temperature, current density, and time is reported. The observed drift in emitter‐base breakdown voltage (Vebo) is found to be well correlated to changes in forward base (Ib) and collector (Ic) currents. The model of hydrogen release from the Si‐SiO2 interface and its subsequent passivation of base dopants during hot carrier stress is proposed to account for such a correlation.


The purpose of this study was to investigate whether engaging students in computer supported collaborative activities in a knowledge-building environment could help them develop a deeper understanding of the nature of scientific theories. Findings indicated: 1) students' views of the nature of scientific theories significantly changed, becoming more constructivist-oriented toward the end of the semester; 2) there was a statistically significant relationship between students' online interactive activities and their enhanced understanding of the nature of scientific theories. In sum, engaging students in computer supported collaborative activities in a knowledge-building environment seems to be supportive in helping students develop a more informed view of the nature of scientific theories.


Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Knowledge of TB is essential in prevention control for the person at risk. This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge about TB among DM patients. Methods : A cross sectional study was performed involving 72 adult DM patients at the Endocrine Clinic, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic information and knowledge about TB: manifestation of TB, transmission, treatment, DM-TB co-infections, and status acquiring TB information in the last 12 months. Knowledge was categorized as high, moderate and low if total scores were >75, 56–75 and <56 respectively. Data were presented descriptively as percentage and mean (SD) after testing for the normality of distribution. Results : The mean of age of subjects was 56.6 years, and 55% were female. Most were unemployed (72.2%), had an education background lower than high school (75%), and lived in Bandung (91.7%). The mean score of knowledge was 54.4. Proportion of subjects based on the level of knowledge which is high, moderate and low, were 29.2%, 26.4%, and 44.4% respectively. Conclusions : The level of knowledge about TB among Type 2 DM patients at the Endocrine Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung was low. TB education program among DM patients needs to be improved.


The purpose of this study is to identify the influences of the 3 elements of the entrepreneurship; the innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking on the negotiation performance of the trades' executives. This study examined the definition and nature of the entrepreneurship and negotiation performance first, and then extracted the key characteristic elements in the entrepreneurship and the distributive and integrative agreement in the negotiation performance. The methodology for this study included AMOS regarding what influences the 3 elements of innovation, proactiveness and risk-taking have on the distributive agreement and integrative agreement with the survey data from 189 clerks in charge of trade against China. The summary of study results are as follows; Frist while the only innovation among the elements of the entrepreneurship have a significant effect on the distributive agreement the proactiveness and risk-taking do not have any significant effect on it. Second. all elements of entrepreneurship, precisely the innovation proactiveness and risk-taking have a significant effect on the integrative agreement. This result suggests that the integrative agreement that is mean win-win agreement hold passive attitude toward the long-term transaction. Especially, these study results suggest that the innovation element of the entrepreneurship need to establish long-term transaction to have win-win performance between Korea and China.


Abstract The consequences of oxygen deficiency on the root system of tomato plants in soilless culture at the beginning of the flowering stage were assessed over a 72‐hour period. The study of water uptake and oxygen depletion in the medium was conducted using a process of continuous computerized data processing. Fluctuations in composition of the nutrient solution were monitored every two hours through an analysis of samples. Oxygen deficiency of the nutrient solution had immediate effects on the water and nutrient uptake of the whole plant. The root asphyxia of a tomato plant caused a 20 to 30% decrease of water uptake after 48 hours. After 10 hours it also leads to the end of the uptake process of the nutrients except nitrates. Potassium (K) was the nutrient most sensitive to oxygen deprivation since an efflux into the culture medium was observed after only 4 hours of deprivation. Nitrate uptake was the least affected by oxygen deficiency. The persistent appearance of nitrite in the culture medium 12 hours after the beginning of the asphyxia process could be caused by the reduction of nitrates by the root system of the tomato plant. The plant would use the oxygen from the reduction reaction to ensure the water and nitrate uptake processes which are the two most important limiting factors of plant nutrition. Thus it seems that under root asphyxia conditions the plant would adapt to the new condition by relying on a metabolism of the "nitrate respiration"; type.


Sustainable use of land resource is critical to meliorate the ecological environment and accelerate the a-gricuiture and economy development in mountain watershed. Slope and elevation are two important factors of land resource,that have close relations to the land use. In the mountain area, the slope and elevation decide the ways of landuse and thus influence agriculture and economy development. Shiwanxi watershed area covers 20.73 km2 in which mountains are high and slopes steep. The slopes and elevation are separately devided into 3 grades according to the impact levels on landuse. Slope grades are : 0°~ 15°, 15° ~25°, 25°and elevation grades are : below 500 m , 500 ~ 800 m and above 800 m. We have made the grading" map of slope and elevation with 1:10 000 relief map, and obtained the areas of both land and landuse types of each grade by superposing the grading map of slope and elevation and the landuse map. The areas of land increase with the steep of slope and the rise of altitude. The fields and garden plot are mainly distributed on the slope of 0°~15°and 15°~25°below 800 m. The forests are mainly distributed on slopes of 25°over 800 m. On the basis of the quantitative analysis and comparison of annual output value of the agriculture of each countries in this area, it can be seen that there exist clear inverse proportions between the annual output and the nature slope and elevation. Viewing the economic and social characteristics of this small watershed, we put forward some suggestions following the principle of "there are something to go on doing, something not to go on doing". The results of this paper are expected to provide theoretical basis and scientific references not only for the local departments, but also for researches concerning this subject.


Starting from the development situations and the research status of sport tourism in west countries and China,based on the literature,the concept definition and classification of sport tourism were discussed.And the future development directions of sport tourism were briefly analyzed.


A rotational shearing interferometer was used to demonstrate a spatially incoherent joint transform correlator. This system has the ability to perform a correlation between two complex functions (images) borne on spatially incoherent illumination, without the use of holographic filters. The output intensity distribution of the interferometer includes a term that is related to a Fourier spectrum of the input image. We digitally processed this output intensity, removed its dc level, and squared the remaining function. The resultant joint spectrum was displayed on a spatial light modulator, located at the input plane of a conventional coherent 2-f reconstruction system. We demonstrate various cases of transversely and axially separated auto and cross correlations using this system.


A model is presented for viscous flow in a cylindrical cavity (a half-filled annulus lying between horizontal, infinitely long concentric cylinders of radii Ri, Ro rotating with peripheral speeds Ui, Uo). Stokes' approximation is used to formulate a boundary value problem which is solved for the streamfunction, ω, as a function of radius ratio R¯= Ri/Ro and speed ratio S=Ui/Uo. Results show that for S>0 (S<0) the flow domain consists of two (one) large eddies (eddy), each having a stagnation point on the centreline and a potentially rich substructure with separatrices and sub-eddies. The behaviour of the streamfunction solution in the neighbourhood of stagnation points on the centreline is investigated by means of a truncated Taylor expansion. As R¯ and S are varied it is shown that a bifurcation in the flow structure arises in which a centre becomes a saddle stagnation point and vice versa. As R¯→1, a sequence of 'flow bifurcations' leads to a flow structure consisting of a set of nested separatrices, and provides the means by which the two-dimensional cavity flow approaches quasi-unidirectional flow in the small gap limit. Control-space diagrams reveal that speed ratio has little effect on the flow structure when S<0 and also when S>0 and aspect ratios are small (except near S=1). For S>0 and moderate to large aspect ratios the bifurcation characteristics of the two large eddies are quite different and depend on both R¯ and S.


A high precision analog frequency-ramp-generator has been developed. The highly linear frequency-ramp is generated using a Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) circuit design. It features a smooth analog ramp without any step behaviour normally expected of a PLL-system. In order to obtain such an analog ramp exact timing conditions have to be ensured when programming the variable divider. A synchronizing circuit is used to obtain this precise timing. As the ramp generator works well only if all parts are designed carefully, simulations are required. The ramp linearity was determined indirectly using a modified FMCW-system (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) especially built for these measurements and additionally by examining the synchronism of two PLL-linearization circuits with different VCOs which have significantly different tuning curves.


As the acceleration gaining for utilizing edge computing in various IoT applications, the demands of effective task scheduling algorithms are rising alarmingly. Some of the real-time applications (e.g., self-driving cars, AR/VR apps) requires real-time responses. On the other hand, for the applications (such as deep learning algorithms and neural networks) demand powerful edge resources. However, most of the studies only focus on low latency improvement and lacks to provide efficient task scheduling. As a result, edge computing paradigm requires a new approach to deal with different applications. In this paper, we propose an adaptive application-aware task scheduling algorithm for running over heterogeneous edge cloud. The proposed scheduling algorithm provides not only the QoS of the applications but also increases the performance of the overall scheduling and utility of edge resources. We conduct an extensive experimental study to show the efficiency of our algorithm. From this research, we improve the overall performance of the task scheduling, considering both task heterogeneity and edge heterogeneity and to maximize the edge resource utilization effectively.


This work develops a system for recognizing common hand gestures. The main idea that underlies the developed system is the incorporation of Bhattacharyya divergence into Bayesian sensing hidden Markov models (BS-HMM). The system consists of two stages. First, a sequence of depth images is captured by Microsoft Kinect. The hand region is identified from the depth images by tracking the position of the hand using information about the skeleton, yielding the segmented depth images. A histogram of the oriented normal 4D (HON4D) and a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) are then extracted from the segmented depth images to represent the motion patterns. Second, all training feature vectors are transformed by combining every k consecutive feature vectors into a sequence of distributions. The proposed Bhattacharyya divergence based BS-HMM (BDBS-HMM) is trained using the sequence of distributions. The proposed system is compared to the standard HMM and the BS-HMM using MSRGesture3D database and our database. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method outperforms the baseline methods.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: system which implements the disclosed method includes passive transponders situated in the scanned zone, and a reader having a transceiving antenna, an encoding device, a transmitting device, first and second receiving devices, an estimation unit, a transponder code base unit, a code conversion unit, a threshold unit, a recording unit, a duplexer, first and second correlators, first and second controlled delay units, first and second multipliers, first and second low-pass filters, first and second optimal controllers, a switch, a range indicator, a receiving antenna and an azimuth indicator. EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of existing engineering solutions through automatic location of desired transponders. 2 cl, 1 dwg


UCOWR/NIWR Conference, July 20-24, 2004 Idaho Water Transaction Program The Idaho Department of Water Resources and the Idaho Water Resource Board applied to the Bonneville Power Administration in 2001 to become the qualified local entity in Idaho to implement Action 151 of the Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion for 2000. The application, supported by the Idaho members of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council and the Idaho Office of Species Conservation was accepted, and the Department along with the Board became the qualified local entity for the State of Idaho. Idaho is unique in that state law does not currently provide legal authority for water trusts. However, the Idaho Legislature provided many functions of water trusts, including a water brokerage mechanism, to the Water Resource Board and the Department of Water Resources. A key strength of the Idaho Water Transaction Program lies in the collaborative relationships developed over the first year. The Department of Water Resources is an active member of the Technical Team for the Upper Salmon Basin Watershed Project, and works closely with the Project to ensure that water transactions are coordinated with other habitat improvement projects, and implemented on a priority basis. The Department collaborates with the Bureau of Reclamation to coordinate Action 151 activities with the Action 149 responsibilities of Reclamation. The Department also works closely with the Idaho Office of Species Conservation in developing and implementing conservation agreements that provide safe harbor for local residents in return for commitments to improve or increase habitat for fish listed under the Endangered Species Act. The Idaho Program relies on a number of tools to enhance tributary flows. Water previously diverted for consumptive uses is obtained through a variety of transactions with willing land owners. Water is obtained through donations, leases, or purchases using the Board's water bank. Conservation agreements and other legally binding documents may be used to obtain and shepherd conserved water through critical stream reaches. Water administration tools, such as transfers and exchanges allow diversions to be relocated, thus replenishing flows in critical stream reaches. Irrigation scheduling using water distribution models provides opportunity to coordinate diversions and maximize instream flows. Although the Idaho Water Transactions Program was brand new in 2003, the Department and its partners made significant progress. We accomplished three transactions in the first year resulting in reduced diversions from priority tributaries of over 9 cubic feet per second. More important, we developed an effective program based on agency collaboration, public outreach, a variety of water acquisition tools and a reliable monitoring process. Idaho is looking forward to a fruitful year in 2004. We are taking steps to expand the program into the Clearwater River Basin. We are increasing our efforts in collaboration with Reclamation to develop additional water distribution modeling capabilities in the Upper Salmon basin. We are implementing a monitoring process that includes continuous measurement of key instream flows and use of habitat models to evaluate water transaction projects. We are currently involved in nine flow enhancement projects relying on a number of transaction processes including permanent acquisitions, partial season leases and use of the transfer process. The Water Transaction Program is a valuable element of recovery for anadromous and other ESA-listed fish species. Through enhanced flows and by reconnecting stream systems, miles of anadromous fish habitat are being reinstated in the Columbia Basin. Bill Graham, the presenter, is Chief of the Water Planning Bureau in the Department of Water Resources. He holds a Master of Science degree in biology with an emphasis in limnology. He has been with the Department since 1974. His technical specialties are aquatic biology, water chemistry, limnology, contaminant transport, and natural resource planning. His program experience lies in the areas of underground injection, water resource planning, minimum stream flows, funding programs, and water transactions. He currently provides oversight in a number of these areas.


An assimilative mapping procedure is developed to optimally combine information from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) plasma drift observations and a background statistical convection model to derive global distributions of electrostatic potential. This procedure takes into account statistical properties of the background model errors, obtained through the empirical orthogonal function analysis technique described in a companion paper. The assimilative mapping procedure is evaluated quantitatively using cross‐validation and is found to reduce median prediction errors by up to 43% as compared to the existing linear regression‐based SuperDARN mapping procedure. Furthermore, the mapped results from the assimilative procedure show a greater dynamic range in convection strength than do those of the regression‐based procedure (i.e., the cross–polar cap potential is smaller for weak driving conditions and larger for strong driving conditions). The application of the assimilative procedure is demonstrated for a case study containing a geomagnetic storm. It is shown that, qualitatively, the results of the assimilative procedure appear more smooth and consistent across both data‐dense and data‐sparse regions than do those of the regression‐based procedure.


Abstract : The DoD Deputy Director, Operational Test and Evaluation / Live Fire Testing (DDOT&E/LFT) through the DOT&E, tasked Hicks & Associates (HA&I) to conduct a survey of models and simulations (M&S) being used in support of defense acquisition programs. The tasking came as the direct result of issues first raised in an article which was published in DSMC's Program Manager (PM) Magazine in their March - April 1999 issue entitled "Meet MASTER: Modeling & Simulation Test & Evaluation Reform: Energizing the M&S Support Structure". The MASTER concept includes a number of proposals including the formation of an M&S Consortium and the possibility of finding this Consortium by tapping into the budgets of the acquisition systems which would benefit from M&S. However, when the question of how much is currently being spent in support of M&S, and related questions as to who is spending it and for what, there was little, if any, comprehensive data upon which to base a response. The purpose, then of the Hicks tasking was to identify, characterize, and determine the extent of M&S applications across a range of program office activities -- from concept exploration and engineering development through production and logistical support to systems in the field.


The use of embedded Wafer Level Ball grid array(eWLB)[1] technology for the construction of single and multiple side by side die packages has become widespread since the introduction by Infineon technologies more than five years ago. The flexibility of this packaging to include different die material types such as Si and GaAs combined with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal performance and the advantages of wafer level processing has been employed in a wide range of applications. More recently this flexibility has been extended to included system in package(SiP) applications with a range of embedded passive devices being combined with one or more active dies in a single package. Ideally, for motives of availability and cost, the passive devices utilized in these applications should be standard SMT devices without special requirements in terms of terminal finish. In this paper we will describe the development process involved in enabling the use of standard leadfree tin finished passive devices in embedded eWLB based SiP packages. Development of a variety of potential diffusion barriers based upon both multilayer physical vapor deposition(PVD) and electroplated metallization is explained. Significant insight into the reliability performance of the resulting packages under standard stress conditions is gained for a SiP test vehicle. The first assessment was performed using short build parts to enable a rapid feedback for the experiments. The output for this comparison was Jedec standard High Temperature Storage(HTS175°C 200hrs) stress condition. Scanning electron micrography and microsection analysis of the intermetallic region formed before and after stress with a range of barrier solutions are shown. The solution selection process is described both in terms of reliability and ease of implementation. Further development based on the initial findings suggests a path forward for potential implementation of tinned terminal passives in eWLB.


The worldview values in the views and scientific activities of the first rector of St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv, the outstanding scientist Mykhailo Olexandrovych Maksymovych, have been studied. His life path, scientific formation, breadth of scientific interests and views are considered. The circle of Maksymovych's scientific interests were natural and cosmological studies, ethnographic studies of the Ukrainian history, ethnography and folklore, philosophical work, in which he, following Hryhoriy Skovoroda, expresses the Ukrainian "philosophy of the heart". The scientist's interest in "Little Russian" topics caused Maksymovych's evolution towards pro-Ukrainian views. Indicative in this context is his desire to turn Kyiv University into an oasis of the Ukrainian science and culture, where talented, highly educated personalities, in particular Mykola Hohol, would teach. Those were Maksymovych's pro-Ukrainian views that influenced his exclusion from administrative and scientific positions atKyivUniversityafter his recovery. Special attention is paid to the scientific work of the researcher in the field of ethnopsychology, peculiarities of the Ukrainian characterology, and mentality. The conclusion of the scientist regarding the "submissive spirit" of Russians and the "passion, short firmness and strength of feelings" of the Ukrainian spirit is worthy of attention. Maksymovych actively participated in a philological discussion with Mykhailo Pohodin, defending the provisions on the chronological primacy and origin of the Ukrainian language since the time of princely Ukraine-Rus', and the independence of the Ukrainian Slavic history. Based on the conducted research, an independent scientific conclusion is offered about the mission, civic position and the role of Mykhailo Maksymovych as the first rector of St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv and the scientist in the creation of the Ukrainian idea, the worldview of the "Ukrainian world" in the 19th century.


Visual impairment (VI) does have an impact on the quality of life and can interfere with the day‐to‐day activities of the affected individual. Global prevalence of VI is on the rise, owing to increasing population with increasing longevity.[1] Due to increasing literacy and a shift towards 'screen based' activities, VI could become a more serious public eye health concern than ever before. In order to implement simple strategies such as refractive error correction or a safe cataract surgery, one needs to allocate adequate resources as per the population's need. It is very essential to have evidence in the form of prevalence data in order to be able to do this. The authors of this study have done a commendable job at finding out the barriers for uptake of these seemingly straightforward interventions. It is a well‐known fact that age is the most important risk factor for development of VI. The reasons why a person does not access eye care despite VI could be a combination of multiple factors. Nearly a third (30.2%) of the population in this study had VI.[2]


The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is a proposed future particle physics project colliding 60 GeV electrons from a recirculating energy-recovery linac (ERL) with 7 TeV protons stored in the LHC. The ERL technology allows for much higher beam current and, therefore, higher luminosity than a traditional linac. The high-current high-energy electron beam can also be used to drive a free electron laser (FEL). In this study we investigate the performance of an LHeC based FEL, operated in the self-amplified spontaneous emission mode, for which we choose a final electron beam energy of 40 GeV and aim for X-ray wavelengths of less than 1 Å. We demonstrate that such FEL would have the potential to provide orders of magnitude higher peak power, peak brilliance and average brilliance, than any other FEL either existing or proposed.


The sector along the Yunnan—Tibet railway line,from Lijiang city in Yunnan province on the east and to Basu county in Tibet Autonomous region in the west is named as Sanjiang sector,where Sanjing means three rivers: Nujiang River,Lancangjiang River and Jinshajiang River.It has been confirmed that the Sanjiang sector is the most difficult sector for the railway construction.Especially there are complex engineering geological problems.On the basis of the authors' recent studies,some new understandings on the basic geology of the region are put forward in the paper.Recognitions on the possible railway engineering geological problems are fundamentallypointed out.The strata or rocks distributed extensively in Sanjiang region are Paleozoic limestone.It likes islands surrounded by Mesozoic sandy mudstone.Then the late Yanshan period magmatite was developed there.The connection between earthquake and active fault was not very close.There were no obvious regional fault signs.It is comprehensively realized that there were many deep-level railway engineering geological problems in Sanjiang sector.The problems are caused by karstification in limestone areas,by soluble salts precipitation in clastic rocks areas,by earthquake,and/or by cleavable zone.Some problems are in drop-style slide rock masses and/or,in high geothermal temperature areas.Each type of the problems are correlated.The sub-sectors with serious problems are the sector from Lashi lake in Yulong county to Hutiao town street in Sangrila county,the Baima Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,the Meili Snow Mountain sector in Deqin county,and the Lengqu sector in Basu county.These subsectors should be deeply investigated and treated with adequate countermeasures.


We motivate the description of heavy-electron metals in terms of concepts from the Kondo problem. These concepts are used to discuss magnetism and superconductivity in heavy-electron systems. Particular attention is given to what we view as the principal outstanding questions in this field and directions in which the field is developing. This will include consideration of the differences between Ce and U heavy-electron compounds as well as the occurrence of very small ordered magnetic moments.


In this research, to clarify the relation between a cognitive process and a timing structure of utterance, the dialogue that consisted of an instruction and a response utterance was analyzed. The results showed that correlation between duration of instruction utterance and that of switching pause was negative and low value, when a change of utterance speed was too small to be aware. However, the correlation between them was positive and high value, when a change of utterance speed was explicitly big. The positive correlation between durations has been reported in some researches, however the negative and low correlation between them have not been reported. These results suggest that there is hierarchical timing structure in human dialog.


The article is devoted to the history of creation and the first years of activity of the Ministry of Police Statistical Division in the context of the departmental scientists of Russian subdivisions activities. Based on a wide range of published and archival materials, the author examines the prerequisites for the organization of the institution, the legal framework that governed its work at an early stage, examines the evolution of the structure and staffing. It is noted that the idea of concentrating statistical functions in one department appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century and acquired particular relevance during the reign of Alexander I. Analyzing the clerical documentation, the author corrects the date of creation of the department, established in historiography, and notes the peculiarities of its position within the Ministry of Police. It is concluded that the creation of the Statistical Office was in the nature of an administrative experiment, funding for its activities at an early stage was carried out from third-party sources, and employees were not part of the staff of the ministry. It was noted that the effectiveness of the department's work directly depended on the personal interest of the leaders — the Minister of Police A.D. Balashev and Professor K.F. Herman. They managed to prepare the basis for further improvements in the work of the department.


The state of dispersion of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends (PP/PA6) was investigated through thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAH-PP) was used as a compatibilizer. When MAH-PP was added to pure PP or pure PA6, peak crystallization temperature of PP in the cooling process of DSC measurement was not influenced, whereas that of PA6 increased about 6 degree. Although PP/PA6 (=40/60 by wt%) with MAH-PP did not show crystallization peak of PA6, addition of talc as a nucleating agent led to the crystallization of PA6. In contrast, in the process of heating PP/PA6 (=40/60 or 60/40) with MAH-PP after cooling without crystallization of PA6, a small exothermic peak, indicating the crystallization of PA6, was observed between the melting peaks of PP and PA6. Dyeability of fibers from these blends with various compositions of PP/PA6 depended on whether crystallization of PA6 occurred in the cooling process or not; however, blends with talc could not be dyed even though the PA6 component in this blend crystallized in the cooling process. These results indicated that dyeing behavior of fibers from these blends is governed by the state of the dispersion of the two components. In other words, fine dispersion of the PA6 component leads to suppression of both crystallizability and the dyeability. Addition of talc appears to enhance crystallization without changing the state of dispersion.


Abstract THE DISCOVERING OF THE KETELEERIA'S POLLEN-GRAIN IN SOME QUATERNARY DEPOSITS OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ITALY. — The Author observes the specy of Keteleeria with the pollen analysis executed on deposits of turfys, clays and brown coals of some Umbro-Marchigiano and of the Po Plain localyties. The Keteleeria to-day is living only in China and Japan; in Italy it was living also during the early and middle Pleistocene.


Abstract A pair of Red-breasted Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber) was observed nesting in an electric distribution, creosote-treated, wood utility pole in the Willamette Valley, Oregon during spring 2006. To the author's knowledge, this is the first published account of a sapsucker nesting in a utility pole.


This paper considers the problem of designing and developing optical-cryogenic devices using optimization techniques, modeling, and new materials. We have shown how to produce reliable YBCO thin films with controllable surfaces and physical properties and how to integrate them in a ring form into the opticalcryogenic gravimeter so as to reduce its size and render it convenient for future space applications. Its function is based on the magnetic levitation phenomenon of the probe and on the measurement of its displacement with subsequent data processing.


Rapp, Anders: Zonation of permafrost indicators in Swedish Lappland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 82: 37–38. Copenhagen, October 15, 1982. The distribution of three permafrost indicators in the Kiruna-Abisko region is described. The indicators are: paisa bogs, large non-sorted polygons, »tundra polygons«, and small thermokarst ponds. All three types of features can be traced on aerial photographs, and are of considerable interest as indicators of their environment, particulary the local climate.


34 completely severed digits were replanted from May 1985 to June 1987.The survival rate was 84.78%,with the sin- gle distal segment of finger givineg a survival rate of 94.11%. Meticulous debridement under an operation microscope,precise anastomosis of tiny arteries and veins with diameters ranging fr- om 0.3 to 0.4mm,and timely managenent of vascular crises are crucial for a successful digital segment replantat on.The ndications were discussed and details of operation were presented. The author.believe that replantation of distal segment is rewa- rding both from functional and psychological points of view.


This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on the stator circulating current inside parallel branches (CCPB) under different rotor interturn short circuit (RISC) degree and positions. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the air gap magnetic field variation before and after RISC, the specific analytical expressions of the magnetic flux density (MFD), and the CCPB of the stator are derived. Then, taking the SDF-9 generator as the research object, the finite element analysis (FEA) is used to verify the circulation characteristics of the stator CCPB under different RISC degree and positions. Finally, the results are compared with the theoretical analysis, and the two changing trends are basically consistent. It is shown that the occurrence of RISC will cause even harmonic circulation components and the 2nd harmonic is the main component. As the degree of short circuit increases, the amplitudes of even harmonic circulation components of CCPB will show an increasing trend. In addition, the amplitude of the even harmonic circulation of the stator CCPB changes with position at the same short circuit degree.


Objective To study the protective effect and mechanism of hypertonic saline solution on intestinal barrier function in rabbits intestinal ischemia reperfusion models.Methods Rabbits were randomly (random number) divided into five groups (n =18):control group,intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) group,normal saline group (NS),4% hypertonic saline (4% HS) group,and 7.5% hypertonic saline (7.5% HS) group.The intestinal ischemia reperfusion models were produced by clamping super mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 6 hours.The corresponding sodium chloride solution was infused in the 3 treatment groups in 5 mins before declamping SMA.Before intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and 2,4,6 hours after,levels of LPS,D-Lac in plasma were measured; 6 hours after intestinal ischemia reperfusion,8 rabbits per group were killed to measure levels of MPO,MDA,SOD in intestinal tissues.Meanwhile intestinal morphological changes and intestinal apoptosis were observed.Results LPS and D-Lac were significantly increased after ischemia reperfusion (P < 0.05) ; MDA,MPO,Chiu's intestinal pathology score and apoptosis index (AI) was significantly increased 6 hours after intestinal reperfusion (P < 0.05) ; SOD of IIR group and NS group was lower than that of the control group,while it was higher in both of hypertonic saline treatment groups (P < 0.05).(2) In both of hypertonic saline treatment groups,LPS and D-Lac were lower than those of the IIR group and NS group,especially in 7.5% HS group (P<0.05) ; MDA,MPO,Chiu's intestinal pathological score and apoptosis index were lower than those of the IIR group and NS group,while SOD and apoptosis index (AI) were higher than them,especially in 7.5% HS group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Hypertonic saline had the protective effect on intestine barrier function during intestinal ischemia reperfusion.With the increasing concentration of hypertonic saline among certain range,the protective effects were gradually strengthened.

Key words:
Intestine ischemia reperfusion;  Hypertonic saline solution;  Intestinal barrier function


Elbow pathologies, aside from lateral epicondylitis, are relatively rare and often underestimated due to their infrequency. However, in sports medicine, the high stress placed on the elbow frequently results in discomfort arising from overuse, trauma, or degenerative changes, with the boundaries between these often being fluid.
Precise diagnosis and successful treatment of elbow pathologies necessitate a thorough understanding of anatomy and biomechanics. Conservative approaches often represent the primary therapy, making effective collaboration between physicians, physiotherapists, and patients essential for treatment success. Should surgical intervention become necessary, minimally invasive and arthroscopic options are available with promising outcomes.
This article discusses the most common causes of elbow pain and discomfort in sports medicine based on their location, as well as corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic options.


Given a probability measure ~ on a bounded nonpluripolar Borel subset E of C~, we study the growth behaviour of polynomial families which are pointwise bounded on E. We define a function M(t, E, ~) (0 t ~ 1) associated to the pair (E, Under natural assumptions on E and we prove that E, ) = 1 if and only if the pair (E, ) satisfies the polynomial condition (G* ) (a generalization of the Leja's condition in the plane), if and only if is determining for E with respect to the L-extremal function L E . °


One automatic measuring unit for plate thickness was developed. The co ntrol of unit and the measurement of thickness were carried out by multi-chip CPU. Two of them carried out identifying direction of rotary encoder and counting for high speed pulse seperately. The practice performance had testified that this system have features of the ha rdware being simple,the investment being saving,producing the desired rusult bei ng quick,the serviceability being good and the operation being reliable ,etc.


Abstract : Supersonic wind tunnel and range tests on Army-Navy Spinner models with and without 20mm equivalent engraving (rifling grooves) indicate that a previously noted offset effect of deep grooves on Magnus data is also quite persistent for more practical depth engraving. However, the existence of any corresponding nonlinearities with spin mismatch is much less certain. A mechanism whereby the grooves affect the Magnus data by rotating the boundary layer is illustrated by oil flow results. The implications for bullet stability may be either adverse or beneficial, depending on the other physical and aerodynamic parameters involved, but are probably significant only for large underspin. Related smooth body results suggest that mixed boundary layer conditions and skewed transition may be more important contributors to erratic stability behavior for a wider range of spin.


Any revolution requires wide spread of revolutionary propaganda Journalism, as an organic part of the revolutionary cause, is a main instrument that guides revolutionary propaganda During the Revolution of 1911, the experiences of journalism in which the revolutionaries in Shanghai engaged were of great significance typical of journalism in the whole country The revolutionaries, who were undaunted by repeated setbacks, courageously engaged in the revolutionary newspaper business They kept on fighting against the Qing Dynasty Government and royalists in the form of propaganda, playing a vigorous supporting role in the launching of the armed uprisings This paper is exclusively devoted to a clear exposition or discussion of the revolutionary propaganda propagated by the most representative newspapers run by the revolutionaries in Shanghai during that period.


Abstract A group of mobile wireless nodes that form a network is called Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET); such a network has no infrastructure and a de-centralized administration. Hence, these wireless nodes greatly depend on their battery power supplies. This power has a much greater influence on the overall lifetime of the network. Extending the lifetime of mobile node has become a major challenge. This paper proposes a Span Adaptive Zone Routing Protocol (SAZRP) to obtain the maximum energy efficiency in MANET nodes using the approach of combining Span and Remote Activated Switch (RAS), with well-known Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). Furthermore, to promote energy savings through RASs, this hardware is equipped with all of the nodes that are necessary to wake up a sleeping node at any instant of the beacon interval. The simulation results indicate that the SAZRP protocol provides a significant savings in energy consumption, a substantial increase in the packet delivery ratio, and a better throughput compared to the ZRP protocol.


Article history: DOI: 10.16955/bitkorb.618968 Received : 11.09.2019 Accepted : 13.05.2020 This study was conducted in the Cukurova region to determine the prevalence of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), a citrus disease agent in orange, mandarin, and grapefruit orchards. Biological and molecular characterization of collected plant samples were also carried out and the differences between the CPsV isolates were separated by analyzing nucleotide sequences. For the identification and characterization of CPsV, isolates were collected from 50 different citrus trees showing severe barking lesions, vein banding, and oak leaf pattern symptoms on young leaves, old leaves symptoms. The leaf samples were tested by RT-PCR analysis using different primer pairs to identify the coat protein region of CPSV. For the biological indexing studies, CPsV was inoculated to Pineapple orange (Citrus sinensis) plants grown from the seed. Vein banding symptoms and shock reactions of CPsV were observed in the first growth flushes of infected indicator plants during biological indexing assays. As a result of Blast analysis, CPsV in the NCBI GenBank had 98% similarity to nucleotide sequences with corresponding regions of the reference genomes.


One of the brain's primary functions is to promote actions in dynamic, distracting environments. Because distractions divert attention away from our primary goals, we learn to maintain accurate actions under sensory and cognitive distractions. Visuomotor adaptation refers to learning processes that restore performance when sensorimotor capacities or environmental conditions are abruptly or gradually altered. Prior work showed that learning to counteract an abrupt perturbation while performing either a single or dual task, referred to as the attentional context, led to better and faster re-learning when the same attentional context was reinstated at recall. This suggested that the attentional context was associated with visuomotor adaptation and used as a contextual cue during recall. The current study investigated whether attentional context was associated with visuomotor adaptation to a gradual perturbation, which limits awareness of errors. During adaptation, participants reached to targets while learning to counteract a visuomotor rotation that increased from 0 to 45 deg by 0.3 deg each trial, with or without performing a secondary task. Re-learning was impaired when the attentional context changed between adaptation and recall (Experiment 1), even compared to when the secondary task was only performed during the early or late half of adaptation (Experiment 2). Changing the secondary task between adaptation and recall did not impair re-learning, indicating that the effect was attentional-context-dependent, rather than task-specific (Experiment 3). These findings further highlight the importance of cognitive factors, such as attention, in visuomotor adaptation and have implications for learning and rehabilitation paradigms.


There is a wide range of bibliography which deals with task-based learning (TBL) and cooperative learning (CL) and demonstrates that both methods are successful in terms of motivating students who learn English as a second or foreign language. However, very little work has been done to provide tasks ready to put into practice in class. Moreover, although TBL often is related to CL, this relationship is not as simple as it is sometimes explained. Therefore, this research intended to find an efficient way of combining TBL with CL that enhanced highschool students' motivation when learning English as a foreign language. In this way, based on the literature reviewed, a didactic proposal mixing both teaching methods was designed. Eighteen Spanish learners of second cycle of obligatory education from a public school participated in the study. They acknowledged the positive effects of the type of tasks they did in class as a way to increase their motivation and participation.


This article disputes the view of financial markets expressed by Alan Greenspan and others in arguing that the economic crisis of 2008 was not caused by an "unquenchable capability" of human beings to seek excessive wealth but instead by a failure of the United States regulatory system to appropriately mitigate speculative investments including those made by Wall Street investment bankers and financial lending institutions. Greenspan may be correct in his assessment of the predictably selfish nature of investors and lending institutions. However, to blame the near collapse of the U. S. and global financial system on "human nature" is grossly oversimplifying a complex string of events in a way that shifts blame away from those who were responsible for the collapse - including Greenspan. In contrast to Greenspan's claim I argue that overly aggressive lending policies and regulatory failures were the product of theory that assumes markets function efficiently and individual actors within an economy act rationally. What I characterize as failed theory resulted in over-reliance on a vast set of risky investment tools and practices that treated the marketplace as an entity that would function best without significant regulation or oversight.


In this work we have developed some articulations between Children´s Literature, Animals from the Anura Order and Science Teaching, based on references from the fields of Fictional Literature, Education and Science Teaching. Thus, we have looked for potential contributions of Children´s Literature towards the formation of children´s opinions on toads, frogs and tree frogs. The aim of the present work is to analyse how the perception built during childhood by means of Children´s Literature may be related to the epidemiological construction developed in the subject of Science in elementary school. At first, a survey of Children´s tales that had as protagonists animals from the Anura order was carried out. Based on this survey, a questionnaire with open ended and closed questions about Children´s tales focusing on the representatives of the Anura order and the contents related to these animals in the subject of Science was developed. This material was applied to the third and seventh grades of elementar school. In this institution, students of the first grade were asked to make drawings in order to verify the existence of elements of Children´s tales in their graphic representations of Anura order amphibians
From the results we have highlighted two important references to be incorporated as lines of analysis, the informal education with its cultural influence and Science education with its focus on the complex relationship between theory and practise. For the data analysis we have employed the \201Ctechnique of analysis of thematic content\201D, analysing three categories, childhood imaginary, morphological (including gender) and ecological aspects, which were selected from the content through the criteria of \201Crepetition and relevance\201D One of the possible applications of this research is that, through a better understanding of the ways by which knowledge is produced during childhood, science teachers might use Children´s Literature as a basis for the students \2018 cognitive development and personal growth, deconstructing common sense views, and constructing a reflexive and critical scientific knowledge


This paper proposes a new method for selecting input variables in short-term electric load forecasting models. It is known that input and output variables do not follow the Gaussian distribution in load forecasting. In this paper, a hybrid method of Graphical Modeling (GM) and Deterministic Annealing EM (DAEM) clustering is presented to clarify causal relationship between the explained one-step-ahead electric load and the explanatory variables. GM is effective for estimating the relationship between variables with the Gaussian distribution. The DAEM algorithm is used to decompose non-Gaussian data into clusters of Gaussian data so that GM is applied to Gaussian data in clusters. The proposed method is successfully applied to the real data.


The research on History prior to the Qin Dynasty has been prosperous since the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC) when China had set up the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from the facts.The results are firstly the newly acknowledgements to the history and culture prior to the Qin Dynasty,based on the serial of new materials found in archaeology;secondly because of the change of the ideology and the renewal of theory,the scholars get rid of the discussion about the narrow division of the ancient history,widen their horizon,and research field.Although there are extraordinary achievements in the research of History prior to the Qin Dynasty,it is still inadequate in the research on history of a specific subject and on dynastic history,a serial of topics need to be further studied.One principle is that we need to stick to the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from the facts,fighting against dogmatism and formalism;the second is to strengthen the introduction of and study on theories of the western history,archaeology and culture;the third is to strengthen the connection between history and archaeology and to realize the union of the two;the fourth is to improve the construction of academic discipline,to promote the steady research method and spirit of doing scholarly research.


The effect of temperature, illumination intensity, salinity and nutrients on growth and reproduction of Isochrysis galbana was studied under the experimental conditions. It was found that the adaptive water temperature ranged between 10℃ and 35℃ with the optimal temperature of 20~30℃. The optimal illumination intensity was 4000~6000 lx with adaptive value of 1000 ~ 7000 lx. The range of adaptive salinity was 6.5~39.5, and the optimal 19.5~26.0. The alga grew best under 1 mg N/L,0.1 P mg/L and 1 mg N /L, 1 mg P /L, and 0.1mg Fe /L in the culture. There was no significant effect in Fe ion concentration.


Introduction: the history and narrative debate, 1960-2000 - Geoffrey Roberts Part 1: Narrative and historical understanding 1. W. H. Dray - On the nature and role of narrative in history 2. W.B. Gallie - Narrative and historical understanding 3. Maurice Mandelbaum - A note on history as narrative 4. Richard G. Ely - Mandelbaum on historical narrative: a discussion Part 2: Narrative and human action 5. Frederick A. Olafson - The dialectic of action 6. M.C. lemon - The structure of narrative 7. Geoffrey Roberts - Geoffrey Elton: history and human action 8. Geoffrey Roberts - J.H. Hexter: narrative history and common sense Part 3: Narrative and historical realism 9. David Carr - Narrative and the real world: an argument for continuity 10. W.H. Dray - Narrative and historical realism 11. Andrew P. Norman - Telling it like it was: historical narratives on their own terms 12. David Carr - Getting the story straight: narrative and historical knowledge Part 4: Narrative history and the linguistic turn 13. Louis O. Mink - Narrative form as a cognitive instrument 14. Hayden White - The historical text as literary artifact 15. F.R. Ankersmit - Six theses on narrativist philosophy of history 16. Noel Carroll - Interpretation, history and narrative Part 5. Narrative and structure 17. Francois Furet - From narrative history to problem-oriented history 18. Lawrence Stone - The revival of narrative: reflections on a new old history 19. Eric Hobsbawm - The revival of narrative: some comments 20. Peter Burke - History of events and the revival of narrative 21. Edgar Kiser - The revival of narrative in historical sociology: what rational choice theory can contribute Part 6. Narrative and the practice of history 22. Kenneth C. Dewar - Where to begin and how: narrative openings in Donald Creighton's Historiography 23. Margaret R. Somers - Narrativity, narrative identity, and social action: rethinking English working-class formation 24. Hayden White - Historical emplotment and the problem of truth 25. Patrick Finney - International history, theory and the origins of World War II 26. William Cronon - A place for stories: nature, history and narrative.


(1) Since August 1976, Gulf Science and Technology Company has been operating a 1-ton-per-day SRC-II (solvent refined coal) process development unit at its Harmarville, Pennsylvania, Research Center. (2) The advantages of the process development size are the unit's ability to simulate the SRC-II model of a commercial plant, its flexibility, its accurate yield data, its long on-stream periods, and its capability to provide accurate engineering data special samples. This paper describes the process development unit, its operation, and the types of data it has produced. 16 refs.


The analysis of the reports made by 77 local medical administrations in the Russian Federation indicates unsatisfactory employment of sanatorium facilities for improving health of radiation-exposed population. Health resorts and sanatoria of the Russian Middle Zone should extend care for those who suffer from the Chernobyl accident aftereffects.


This paper presented an improved word -level sequential scheme and parallel architecture for bit plane coding of EBCOT used in JPEG 2000. The bit plane coding adopted by EBCOT is divided into two stages: coding pass prediction and context formation, which work in parallel and pipelined. Word-level and sequential bit plane coding could be achieved that coefficient bits modelling in different bit plane are performed concurrently and, all three passes coding included in each bit plane are completed in one scan. Experimental result demonstrates that the proposed architecture could efficiently reduce hardware complexity, compared to the upto-date design.


Oil and gas has been found in clastic reservoirs of Eocene, Palaeocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic age and in fractured basement of Devonian/Carboniferous age in the West of Shetland area. The majority of discoveries have been in Palaeocene age reservoirs. Successful prospects tend to be in combination structural/stratigraphic plays which rely on pinch-out or facies changes up dip to the east as seen at Laggan. Most of the wells targeting Tertiary prospects were drilled on amplitude or AVO anomalies. Roughly three quarters of these wells failed to find hydrocarbons. A rock physics analysis of 35 wells in the WOS was performed on a well by well and subsequently regional basis. The analysis identifies the possibility for additional mechanisms which may help to explain the amplitudes encountered during seismic interpretation in terms of not only rock and fluid properties, but of these properties within the context of complex burial and uplift histories and changing pressure regimes. The study utilises geological reports, digital well logs, pressure data, core data, biostratigraphy, AFTA analysis and temperature data along with rock physics techniques to enhance our understanding of the WOS petroleum system.


Water absorption is believed to be one of the main causes of coating deterioration and degradation. General knowledge dictates that a sudden increase in the coating capacitance, detected during the beginning of immersion, can be attributed to water absorption taking place through the free volume of the polymer. In the examined epoxy-phenolic coating, a quick water saturation state is reached within 24h of immersion; however, there is evidence to suggest that water absorption is not the only required factor for corrosion initiation. In the following investigation, the effects of the curing degree, the absorbed water volume, and failure time of intact defect-free coatings were evaluated. A combination of equivalent circuit models were employed to describe the changes taking place across the coating with time. The dielectric properties of the coating material were assessed to account the contribution of the metal-polymer bonds to corrosion protection. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) results showed improved coating performance for increased coating curing degree. However, the water content of epoxy-phenolics has


We investigate a negative climatic feedback which involves an increase in deposition of lightning‐produced nitrogen compounds into ecosystems as a response to a global temperature rise. This increases primary production on both land and ocean, which reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and consequently global temperature in return. Large uncertainties in numerous processes and parameters in this feedback exist and therefore its importance is unclear. This feedback is investigated using a conceptual dynamical model, including assessing its role in counteracting anthropogenic‐induced warming by reducing the rate of accumulation and concentration of atmospheric CO2. Overall, this study suggests that this feedback is of mild strength in the climate system, but raises the intriguing possibility that it should be considered in long‐term climate simulations. Further work in investigating this climatic feedback is required.


The utility model discloses a novel liquid containing bottle. The bottle comprises a bottle body and a cover, wherein the cover covers the bottle body in a detachable manner; a liquid is contained in the bottle body; a liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the center of the top of the bottle body; a liquid outlet is formed in the top end of the liquid outlet pipe; the cover covers the liquid outlet detachably; the liquid outlet is detachably provided with an elastic reduced sleeve part; a flow limiting port is formed in the center of the elastic reduced sleeve part; the cover comprises a bottom cover and an upper cover, the upper cover covers the bottom cover, and the bottom cover is detachably connected with the bottle body; an outlet is formed in the center of the bottom cover; and a sealing component is arranged on the upper cover and connected with the outlet and the flow limiting port in a sealed manner. The novel liquid containing bottle is simple in structure, convenient to use and capable of limiting the outflow volume of the liquid and preventing properties of the liquid from being changed due to the fact that a large amount of air is contacted with the liquid in the bottle body.


Summary form only given. The aim of this study is to implement in optical fibres the broad and strong optical absorption and emission bands of transition metal ions (TMs). Among them, chromium has the most interesting application prospects, particularly in its Cr/sup 4+/ oxidation state either as amplifying medium or as saturable absorber. Silica-based fibres were chosen because all operating systems, especially in telecommunications, are based on this technology.


A modified kinetics model of ferrite and pearlite transformations under applied stress is proposed based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (J-M-A) equation and is shown as f=1-exp[-b(σ)t n(ρ) ], in which b(σ)=b(0)(1 + Aσ B ) and n(σ)=n(0). The parameters A and B in the suggested model were determined by regression of the data from experiments in a 0.38C-Cr-Mo steel and a eutectoid carbon steel. The calculation results of the two steels show that the suggested model can precisely predict the onset and the end of ferrite and pearlite transformations under applied stress. The effect of applied stress on ferrite or pearlite transformation is remarkable and the constants A and B in the suggested model vary with the different steels and different transformations.


Combined cycle plants routinely operate at a reliability of greater than 90% which is much higher than most other power plants. However, 90% may not be good enough. Plant performance data from similar combined cycle plants owned and operated by different companies show a wide variation in plant reliability and availability. The mission for the modern Maintenance Knight in Shining Armor is to reduce maintenance costs while increasing reliability. The details of this paper describe mechanisms for directing maintenance resources toward reducing current maintenance costs while maintaining high reliability and without sacrificing long term reliability. The strategies emphasized are: total productive maintenance, reliability centered maintenance, root cause analysis, condition monitoring and predictive maintenance, just in time spare parts, and failure trend investigations.


Abstract Two contrasting subtropical rice cultivars were selected and tested for aluminum (Al) toxicity by two methods: a fast selection (24 h) using 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution containing 50 or 100 µM Al and long-term Al treatment in Kimura B culture solution. Xiang Nuo 1 (XN 1) was shown to be much more resistant than Xiangzhong Xian 2 (XX 2) to Al toxicity and consistent and stable results were obtained with the two methods used although much higher Al concentration was needed to cause a similar cultivar difference in the culture solution (2000 µM compared with 50 µM Al3+ in CaCl2 solution). The results indicate that there is considerable potential to screen Al-resistant cultivars from the subtropical germplasm. It was further found that callus formation was markedly induced in response to Al, and a cultivar difference also existed indicating that the induced callus formation may be used as a sensitivity marker for rice cultivar Al stress. Under Al stress, the resistant cultivar accumulated less Al than the sensitive one, corresponding to the induced callus formation over time. Lower Al accumulation in the resistant cultivar suggests that there may be an exclusion mechanism underlying the Al resistance of XN 1.


In recent years, the applicability of network function virtualization and software-defined networks to optical access systems has been studied for reducing capital expenditure/operating expense and quickly responding to various service requests. We are aiming at expanding the footprint of software-defined functionality in optical line terminals by focusing on physical (PHY) layer functions as one key part of the flexible access system architecture. Utilization of common graphic processing units (GPUs) with a large amount of computation resources is promising for softwarizing PHY-layer functions that have high computation complexity. However, conventional studies do not consider sequential signal input and realize only Mbps-class processing. This paper proposes CPU control for GPU direct transfer in order to directly transfer an external signal input to GPU, and kernel startup scheduling so as to handle a sequential signal at 10 Gbps. For Reed–Solomon decoding, whose PHY-layer functions have high computation complexity, we demonstrate real-time performance from a general-purpose server with standard optical modules by implementing on it. The proposed configuration is evaluated using an optical system compliant with IEEE 802.3av. Evaluations show that the proposed GPU configuration realizes, for the first time, 10-Gbps real-time error correction.


The article is devoted to the reform of accounting in the public sector, an overview of the changes in regulations on budgetary accounting. Outlines the key provisions of the reform of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The reasons of changes to the existing system of accounting in the public sector. The article deals with the process of accounting organization in budget organizations and improvement of legal regulation of budgetary accounting and reporting in order to improve the efficiency of budget expenditures.


It is challenging to plan the optimal and smooth path using the traditional path planning algorithm. This paper proposes a hybrid path planning algorithm based on the A* algorithm with quadratic node search and an adaptive Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO). Through the quadratic node search operation of the nodes on the path, the proposed algorithm reduces the length of the path planning and the number of turns and improves the efficiency of path planning. The ACO based on pheromone adjustment overcomes the shortcomings of traditional ACO, such as long search time and slow convergence speed, by adjusting pheromone and improving transition probability. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid path planning algorithm has a better global search ability and convergence speed and achieves better results in robot path planning.


Georgia is seismic active country and searching of earthquakes problem is vital for us. The receiver of VLF/LF electromagnetic emissions is installed in Georgia in this year. By the installation of receiver Georgia is already included in the very important experimental working and it is a great step not only for our country but for the neighbor territory and the whole Caucasus too. Our scientific group, based on electrodynamics, has created the theoretical model of generation of electromagnetic emissions detected before earthquake (Kachakhidze, M.K., Kachakhidze,N.,K., Kaladze,T.D. A model of the generation of electromagnetic emissions detected prior to earthquakes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 85–86 2015, 78–81). Analyses of the theoretical model enables us to make the following conclusion: VLF/LF electromagnetic emissions brings to earth surface rich information about earthquakes preparation process. Therefore electromagnetic emissions should be considered as the "main precursor" or simply, as the "precursor" of earthquake. Besides by our theoretical model we have explained possible physical mechanisms of the geophysical phenomena in the lithosphere-atmosphereionosphere coupling system which accompany earthquake preparation process and reveal themselves several months, weeks or days prior to earthquakes (M.Kachakhidze, N. Kachakhidze, T. Kaladze. EXPLANATION OF LITHOSPHERE-ATMOSPHEREIONOSPHERE COUPLING SYSTEM ANOMALOUS GEOPHYSICAL PHENOMENA ON THE BASIS OF THE MODEL OF GENERATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS DETECTED BEFORE EARTHQUAKE. GESJ: Physics 2015, No.2(14), p.66-75). In our opinion these phenomena might be considered as "earthquake indicators". We offer earthquake prediction methodology which determines simultaneously location, time and magnitude of expected earthquake. The Methodology is based on avalanche model of fault formation (Mjachkin, V.I., W.F. Brace, G.A. Sobolev and J.H. Dieterich. Two models for earthquake forerunners, Pageoph., Basel. 1975, vol. 113) and abovementioned theoretical model of generation of electromagnetic emissions where is formulated the following relation


A highly efficient and green tandem imine synthesis from alcohol and amine with molecular oxygen as oxidant was achieved by using a remarkable low catalyst-loading, with a commercially available and environmentally benign copper catalyst.


Background: Staphylococcus aureus has been considered one of the main opportunistic pathogens for humans, constituting a relevant problem, considering its possible resistance to the main antibiotics used in medical practice. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) in the hands of undergraduate dentistry students, throughout clinical procedures (before and after dental procedures and hand hygiene). Methods: Hand samples were collected at different times (pre-asepsis; immediately after asepsis; and glove and hand surfaces immediately after dental procedures) and seeded in culture media (PCA and MSA). S. aureus species were characterized by microbiological identification methods, antimicrobial susceptibility test and genotyping by isoenzymatic markers. Results: A total of 14 students (73.7%) had S. aureus in both hands. Microbial resistance was observed in 87.1% of S. aureus isolates: AMP (54.5%), AMX (26.5%), OXA (12.9%), TET (7.6%), CFE (7.6%), LEX (7.6%), FOX (7.6%), CLI (15.2%) and ERY (44.7%). A total of 132 isolates of S. aureus with variable profiles of antimicrobial resistance were identified, 26 of which were characterized as ORSA. Monoclonal and polyclonal patterns were observed in bacteria population. Analyzes of genetic relationship revealed that two or more dentistry students share S. aureus isolates through their hands and gloves during their academic clinical activities. Conclusion: The spread of multidrug-resistant S. aureus mono and polyclonal strains requires a reevaluation of personal hygiene and environment (effective biosafety practices) as a means of preventing the spread and cross-contamination between patients, professionals and academics, and dental clinical environments. mannitol fermentation test, DNAse test and Voges-Proskauer test.