There are many different algorithms for optimization of logistic and scheduling problems and one of the most known is Genetic algorithm. In this paper we take a deeper look at a draft of new graph-based algorithm for optimization of scheduling problems based on Generalized Lifelong Planning A* algorithm which is usually used for path planning of mobile robots. And then we test it on Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) against classic implementation of genetic algorithm. The results of these tests are then compared according to the time of finding the best path, its travel distance, an average distance of travel paths found and average time of finding these paths. A comparison of the results shows that the proposed algorithm has very fast convergence rate towards an optimal solution. Thanks to this it reaches not only better solutions than genetic algorithm, but in many instances it also reaches them faster.


Novel algorithms for image enhancement, filtering and edge detection using the fuzzy logic approach are proposed. An enhancement technique based on various combinations of fuzzy logic linguistic statements in the form of if-then rules modifies the image contrast and provides a linguistic approach to image enhancement. A fuzzy filtering technique based on the tuning of fuzzy membership functions in the frequency domain results in improved restoration of an image which is degraded by additive random noise. An improved performance compared with traditional mask convolution filtering is also evident from the SNR improvement of 4.03 dB. The fuzzy edge detection algorithm provides a variety of edge information. The fuzzy edge detection algorithm is compared with some existing edge detection algorithms to show its novelty.<<ETX>>


Purpose:To compare gene expression profiles of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and benign oncocytoma, aiming at identifying differentially expressed genes. Experimental Design:Nine cases each of chromophobe RCC and oncocytomawere analyzed by oligonucleotide microarray. Candidate genes that showed consistent differential expression were validated by reverse transcription-PCR using 25 fresh-frozen and 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Immunohistochemical analysis was also done for two selected gene products, claudin 8 andMAL2. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering separated the chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma into two distinct groups. By a combination of data analysis approaches, we identified 11 candidate genes showing consistent differential expression between chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma. Five of these genes, AP1M2,MAL2, PROM2, PRSS8, and FLJ20171, were shown to effectively separate these two tumor groups by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR using fresh tissue samples, with similar trends seen on formalin-fixed tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed selective expression of MAL2 and claudin 8 in distal renal tubules, with MAL2 antibody showing differential expression between chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma. Functional analyses suggest that genes encoding tight junction proteins and vesicular membrane trafficking proteins, normally expressed in distal nephrons, are retained in chromophobe RCC and lost or consistently down-regulated in oncocytoma, indicating that these two tumor types, believed to be both derived from distal tubules, are likely distinctive in their histogenesis. Conclusions:We showed that chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma are distinguishable by mRNA expression profiles and a panel of gene products potentially useful as diagnostic markers were identified. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancy, and clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCC are the major subtypes (1). Of these, the chromophobe RCC, constituting 5% to 10%, is the least common and has morphologic features that often overlap with oncocytoma, a benign neoplasm. The distinction between these two tumors is clinically important, as chromophobe RCC, although considered to have better prognosis than conventional clear cell carcinoma (2), is malignant and can potentially be aggressive. The similarity between chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma likely reflects their shared histogenesis from the intercalated cells of the distal tubules, a notion postulated based on ultrastructural findings (3). This similarity was further supported by the recent cDNA or oligonucleotide microarrays in which these two tumor types could not be reliably separated. In contrast, chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma as a group showed distinctive microarray profiles, easily separated from clear cell and papillary RCC (4–8). Despite these similarities, biological differences between these two entities are unequivocal. Cytogenetic evidence was most compelling, with chromophobe RCC showing hypodiploidy, often with monosomy of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 (9–11). In comparison, oncocytomas often display mixed karyotypes,with lossof chromosomes Y and1often observed (12). Additional differences between chromophobe RCC and oncytoma were observed in immunohistochemical studies. For example, kidney-specific cadherin and epithelial cell adhesion molecule were shown in one study to be expressed in all, or almost all, chromophobe RCC, but rarely in oncocytoma (13). Although this finding was challenged by later studies (14), other markers such as cytokeratin 7, parvalbumin, and claudin 7 were Human Cancer Biology Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and Department of Public Health,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; and Centro de BiologI¤a Molecular ''Severo Ochoa,'' Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientI¤ficas and Universidad Auto¤ noma deMadrid, Madrid, Spain Received 5/24/06; revised 8/8/06; accepted 8/31/06. Grant support: Ministerio de Educacio¤ n y Ciencia grants BMC2003-03297, BFU2006-01925, and GEN2003-20662-C07-02 (M.A. Alonso) and an institutional grant from the Fundacio¤ n Ramo¤ n Areces to Centro de BiologI¤a Molecular ''Severo Ochoa.'' The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints:Yao-Tseng Chen, Department of Pathology,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Box 69, 1300 York Avenue, NewYork, NY 10021. Phone: 212-746-6472; Fax: 212-746-8166; E-mail: email@example.com. F2006 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1268 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2006;12(23) December1, 2006 6937 Research. on May 5, 2017. © 2006 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from also described as preferentially expressed in chromophobe RCC over oncocytoma (4, 15–17). In contrast, S100 protein was found to be preferentially expressed in oncocytoma (18). The clinical diagnostic usefulness of these markers, however, needs to be further confirmed by additional studies. Based on these observations, it is believed that these two tumors are biologically distinct, but no unequivocal distinguishing markers have been defined. In this study, we did oligonucleotide microarray analysis to search for such biological markers, and the diagnostic potential of these new markers was explored. Materials andMethods Tissue specimens. Tissue specimens were obtained from Department of Pathology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University following an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. The H&E slides on all cases were reviewed by one of us (J.J.T.), and only histologically unequivocal cases were included. RNA extraction from fresh-frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues. Total RNA was extracted from fresh tissues using RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Approximately 30 mg of fresh tissues were used for each sample. For extraction of RNA from paraffinembedded tissue, the Optimum FFPE RNA isolation kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) was used with materials derived from four 8-Am sections. The nontumor areas on the slides were manually removed with surgical blades and the remaining tissue on the slide was scraped into an Eppendorf tube for RNA extraction. Microarray experiments. RNA was reverse transcribed and in vitro transcribed and biotin labeled using Affymetrix one-cycle cDNA synthesis and IVT labeling kits (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Following biotinylation and fragmentation, hybridization was done against the Affymetrix Human HG-U133 plus 2.0 GeneChips according to the manufacturer's directions. The HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Table 1. Differentially expressed genes (67 probe sets, corresponding to 57 genes) with P values of <0.05 and fold change >1.5 Common name GenBank ID Fold change P Description Genes overexpressed in chromophobe RCC TMC4 BE645551 5.902 0.000116 transmembrane channel-like 4 AP1M2 NM_005498 5.196 0.0119 adaptor-related protein complex 1, A2 subunit AP1M2 AA910946 3.560 0.0119 adaptor-related protein complex 1, A2 subunit EPB41L4B NM_019114 2.862 0.0119 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4B CENTA1 AW050627 2.428 0.0119 centaurin, alpha 1 (N.A.) AW302207 2.020 0.0119 transcribed sequences SH3MD2 AI686957 1.636 0.0119 SH3 multiple domains 2 FLJ20171 NM_017697 5.786 0.0127 hypothetical protein FLJ20171 CLDN8 AL049977 11.890 0.0129 claudin 8 SPINT1 NM_003710 5.799 0.0229 serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type 1 C14orf114 NM_018199 1.581 0.0229 chromosome 14 open reading frame 114 MAL2 AL117612 29.340 0.0238 mal, T-cell differentiation protein 2 MANBA NM_005908 1.929 0.0238 mannosidase, hA, lysosomal SLC27A1 BF056007 1.859 0.0238 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1 C14orf87 AA133341 1.501 0.0238 chromosome 14 open reading frame 87 (N.A.) AI191905 4.740 0.024 transcribed sequences LOC196264 AA772172 1.809 0.024 hypothetical protein LOC196264 MGC21874 AI862537 1.754 0.024 transcriptional adaptor 2 (ADA2 homologue, yeast)-h TJP3 NM_014428 1.573 0.024 tight junction protein 3 (zona occludens 3) CLDN7 NM_001307 5.559 0.0298 GABA(A) receptor-associated protein CDS1 NM_001263 4.756 0.0298 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 TJP3 AC005954 2.893 0.0298 tight junction protein 3 (zona occludens 3) DKFZP566J2046 AW070436 2.010 0.0298 hypothetical protein DKFZp566J2046 EPS8L1 BC004907 1.650 0.0298 EPS8-like 1 FLJ21918 NM_024939 1.945 0.0333 hypothetical protein FLJ21918 LRRC1 NM_018214 2.236 0.0379 leucine-rich repeat containing 1 STX3A BE966922 2.488 0.0383 NIH_MGC_72 Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:3915610 FLJ20171 BF001941 19.180 0.0405 hypothetical protein FLJ20171 PVALB NM_002854 4.815 0.0405 parvalbumin (N.A.) AI038402 2.501 0.0438 Transcribed seq. similar to A57377 transcription factor NFATx CAPN1 NM_005186 1.807 0.044 calpain 1, (A/l) large subunit C14orf108 NM_018229 2.445 0.0442 chromosome 14 open reading frame 108 CDS1 AW304313 2.334 0.046 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 TACSTD1 NM_002354 3.307 0.0461 tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1 CA2 M36532 2.733 0.0461 carbonic anhydrase II FLJ36445 AA827649 2.099 0.0461 hypothetical protein FLJ36445 SLC16A7 AW975728 2.238 0.047 solute carrier family 16, member 7 MDA5 NM_022168 1.671 0.047 melanoma differentiation associated protein-5 C14orf108 AW137526 1.984 0.0483 chromosome 14 open reading frame 108 C14orf125 BF435286 1.682 0.0485 chromosome 14 open reading frame 125 SH3YL1 NM_015677 2.916 0.0493 SH3 domain containing, Ysc84-like 1 HOOK2 NM_013312 2.629 0.0493 hook homologue 2 (Drosophila) FLJ34633 AA573775 2.072 0.0494 hypothetical protein FLJ34633 (Continued on the following page) Human Cancer Biology www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2006;12(23) Dec


Guidelines for primary grade (k-3) teachers to use in oral story reading were developed as a means of increasing students' reading achievement. These gUidelines were incorporated into primary grade lesson plans. Each lesson plan included a research principle which served as the lesson objective, identified a book for oral reading, and described pre, post, and during activities. The lesson plans were pilot-tested by primary grade teachers at an elementary school site. Data were collected and analyzed to determine teacher perceptions of the effectiveness of the guidelines. This analysis indicated that the teachers perceived the guidelines to be effective. Based on feedback, one additional guideline was added. Conclusions, recommendations, and implications for further research were developed. Chapter One In trod uction In the early eighties a call to arms was trumpeted, signaling a national academic crisis in our schools. This crisis was outlined and described in the 1983 report, A Nation at Risk. This report indicated that national reading scores in this country were plummeting. Nearly a decade later, the results from the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) are under examination (Williams, 1995). According to Williams, the data indicate that reading achievement scores across the nation are still dropping. With this continued decline in national reading scores, it is imperative that educators attempt to analyze the causes for score decline and develop effective instructional strategies for increasing reading achievement. The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for primary grade teachers to use in oral story reading. The literature review confirmed that: reading achievement can be increased, oral story reading is an effective way to increase reading achievement, specific teaching strategies can be employed before, during, and after oral story reading to increase reading achievement, and all teachers can develop the skills that are required effectively to incorporate oral story reading in to their classrooms in order to increase reading achievement. From this literature review, guidelines for primary grade teachers to use in oral story reading were developed.


This paper described necessity of edge match checking and explored the methods and steps of edge match checking,and by using this method,the geometry match checking and attribute match checking are realized.


Abstract Objectives The main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Studies that explored the diagnostic value of AFU in HCC were searched in EMBASE, SCI, and PUBMED. The sensitivity, specificity, and DOR about the accuracy of serum AFU in the diagnosis of HCC were pooled. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated with QUADAS-2 (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy 2). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5 and Open Meta-analyst. Results Eighteen studies were selected in this study. The pooled estimates for AFU vs. α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC in 18 studies were as follows: sensitivity of 0.7352 (0.6827, 0.7818) vs. 0.7501 (0.6725, 0.8144), and specificity of 0.7681 (0.6946, 0.8283) vs. 0.8208 (0.7586, 0.8697), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7.974(5.302, 11.993) vs. 13.401 (8.359, 21.483), area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7968 vs. 0.8451, respectively. Conclusions AFU is comparable to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC.


In article the region role in innovative development of the country, the purpose of regional innovative policy, the factors influencing formation of regional innovative potential is shown.


The aim of the study was to visualize the micromorphology of Amaranthaceous pollen using scanning electron microscopy collected from the Thal Desert. Field collection was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 14 taxa of the family Amaranthaceae were collected which belong to nine genera. Achyranthes aspera, Aerva javanica, Aerva lanata, Amaranthus graecizans, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Bassia indica, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium murale, Digera muricata, Haloxylon stocksii, Salsola tragus, and Suaeda fruticosa were studied in terms of pollen morphotypes. Pollen were acetolyzed and observed under optical and scanning microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative characters were measured to analyze the pollen to uncover its taxonomic significance. Qualitative characters observed were the shape of pollen in polar and equatorial views; the most frequent shape observed was spheroidal in the polar view, whereas in the equatorial view, prolate spheroidal was the dominant shape. Exine ornamentation is the key characteristic of pollen which is very helpful, and eight different types of ornamentations were observed in collected taxa: smooth sparsely granulate, scabrate-spinulose, microspinulose perforate, microechinate scabrate to metareticulate, granulate, nanospinulate, granulate-spinulose perforate, granulate-perforate echinate, and microechinate perforate. Periporate-type aperture was observed among all taxa. Mesoporia, ektexinous bodies, and tectum features also show variations among Amaranthaceous grains. In quantitative character, A. retroflexus recorded highest in polar view 26.3 μm and the lowest was of C. album 12.2 μm. Highest P/E index ratio was recorded in S. fruticosa (1.12) whereas the lowest for D. muricta (0.94). Exine thickness was highest in S. tragus 2.15 μm and lowest in A. graecizans 0.78 μm. The maximum number of pores was recorded as 32-36 in D. muricata. Artificial taxonomic keys were constructed based on findings that reinforce the importance of the micromorphological ultrastructural diversity of pollen among Amaranthaceous taxa. It was concluded that the descriptions of pollen morphotypes presented greatly contribute to our understanding of desert species identification.


This study examines an embedded professional development practice for secondary teachers, namely peer-to-peer observations (P2POs). P2POs involve teachers identifying goals and watching colleagues teach in order to expand their knowledge, practice and pedagogy. The research questions addressed are: what are teachers' experiences with P2POs, and what do teachers learn, if anything, from P2POs? This study took place during the 2010/11 school year at a Midwest, suburban public high school located in the United States and relies on survey and interview data. Sixty-five percent of faculty (n = 28) responded to an online survey, and eight teachers and one administrator were interviewed (n = 9). Results indicate that P2POs afforded many teachers choice, on-site learning opportunities and increased collegial respect. Findings also highlight inherent challenges regarding this model of solitary, one-time professional development.


As an integration of feeling,emotion,willingness and thoughts,the mentality of armyman represents the characters of individual,history,society and nation.Military poetries and songs truly reflect the mentality.From the perspective of whole military poetries and songs,the paper has shown the potential,structural,repeatedly changeable metal contradictions through the swiftly changing emotion in such poetries and songs.Thus,the paper has made researches on the unique collective mentality and inclination of ethical,historical and martial culture behind it.


The use of adaptive filtration in the frequency area is considered. This is based on calculation of the Fourier transformation of an entering signal and independent weighing of every single frequency component.


Summary The subject of this paper proposal are results from detailed evaluations of three direct offset horizontal wells. These evaluations included calibration of a frac model by treatment pressure matching, use of a numeric reservoir simulator for multi-phase production history matching and comparing the fracture characteristics estimated. Also changes in conditions within the fracture over time as the wells are produced are taken into account. These evaluations concluded that completion, frac design, operational and production issues - individually or collectively - meaningfully influence the production and economics of multi-stage horizontal assets. The bottom line: Well recovery can be improved considerably with more effective frac designs that generate and/or maintain larger contributing fracture area.


The LERCIP project at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio consists of internships for College Students, and Secondary School Teachers.


N A SENSE all narrative is embedded, the narrative itself existing at the center of a series of real and fictional agents who present it and receive it. A narrative is narrated by a narrator to a narratee, and the study of these relations is one proper focus of a narratological essay. But framing these elements are other relations among historical and implied authors and readers, and study of these is prerequisite to an examination of narrating. As I shall show, the failure by theorists of narrative to provide consistent definitions of these terms and to maintain distinctions among them has been a recurring source of confusion for theories of narrative and their applications. My sense of the meaning of these terms can be suggested briefly by postulating that each has its distinctive function: the historical author writes, the historical reader reads; the implied author means, the implied reader interprets; the narrator speaks, the narratee hears. This last pair of terms is to be understood as metaphorical: the narrator and narratee are constructed from the discourse of the text by inference and do not literally speak or hear, and indeed may be presented as silently thinking or writing and reading rather than speaking and hearing. In practice a certain degree of overlapping may seem to occur among these categories: the historical author may intend to mean something by a work and the historical reader, especially a certain type of literary critic, will seek (and surely will find) the work's meaning; many narrators also present themselves as having intent to mean. But the categories may be clearly defined and separated at the theoretical level. It is the historical author's physical act, not the narrator's, that produces the text; the implied author's implicit intentions, not those expressed by the historical author or narrator, are the definitive source of meaning in a work; these intentions can only be entirely grasped by the implied reader, though the historical reader may speculate about them. A closer analysis will clarify this sketch.


0.4~5.0Mass% one or two from among Ni and Co in total, the Si containing 0.1~1.5Mass%, copper alloys having the alloy composition and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities a material, the crystal orientation analysis in EBSD measurement, copper alloy S orientation {2 3 1} misalignment angle orientation from is within 30 ° crystal grain area ratio is 60% or more materials, electrical and electronic components said copper alloy material is formed by machining, and the manufacturing method of the copper alloy material.


In this paper, we present a first step for developing a method of verifying both safety and correctness of object-oriented design specification. As first, we analyze the discrepancies, which can occur between requirements specification and design specification, to make clear target faults. Then, we propose a new design verification method which aims at detecting faults in the design specification. The key idea of the proposed framework is that all elements to be verified can be extracted based on the requirements specification, safety standards, and design specification given for the target product These elements are expressed using three kinds of tables for verification, and thus, the verification steps can be greatly simplified. Here, we assume that component library, standards for safety and design specification obtained from the Booch's object-oriented design method are given. At the beginning, the designers construct a design table based on a design specification, and the verifiers construct a correctness table and a safety table from component library and standards for safety Then, by comparing the items on three tables, the verifiers verification a given design specification and detect faults in it. Finally, using an example of object-oriented design specification, we show that faults concerning safety or correctness can be detected by the new design verification method.


The end of the First World War was a consequence of a whole range of significant problems in the countries of Eastern Europe. These include the general poverty of the population, the decline of the rural industry and industrial production, the general political crisis that increased the popularity of radical communist movements, the change of geopolitical formation in Europe. The main factor that led to the destruction of the imperialist system was World War the first. On the ruins of empires, new independent countries are emerging, including the restored Republic of Poland or the Second Commonwealth. The whole list of problems that often reinforced each other was extremely difficult to overcome solely with the country inner capabilities and reserves. In fact, the period of the 20-30s of the twentieth century becomes the era of the expansion of the international philanthropic organizations activities, among which an important role was taken by American subsidiary organizations. These include the American Relief Administration (ARA), the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and some religious organizations such as the American Mennonites and others. Quite often these organizations were united, sometimes acting separately, or transferring the relay activity from one to another. The involvement of American philanthropic organizations in dealing with the needy countries of Eastern Europe has become possible due to a number of factors. The following of them are the departure from the policy of isolationism, the rapid increase in the US labor productivity, the crisis of overproduction, the formation within the American society of a humanists and philanthropists layer, mainly among the richest and the most influential entrepreneurs (Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Jacob Schiff, Herbert Hoover, etc.), who, having earned enormous wealth, created non-governmental charitable foundations with the aim of financing the philanthropic projects. Thus the activity of Herbert Hoover American humanitarian organization (the American Relief Administration (ARA)) which was started in 1919 in the US changed the general economic and social situation. Its main purpose was to provide food for Polish children needs. ARA launched a whole network of dining-rooms throughout Poland.


Petrographic and mineralogical features of fragments of magmatic rock of regolith from the Sea of Fertility are examined. The textures and mineral composition vary in relation to the type of rock. More than 50 X-ray spectral analyses of minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclases, and ores) were made; their chemical composition varies even within the limits of individual rock fragments.


We present an ab initio many-body formalism for computing the frequency-dependent second-harmonic polarizability of semiconductor materials that includes both local-field and excitonic effects. We calculate the second-harmonic polarizability for AIP, AlAs, GaP, and GaAs. In each case, excitonic effects increase the value of the second-harmonic polarizability by about 20%.


Optical microscope has been giving impetus to the development of modern technology. As the advancement of these techniques, high resolution microscopy becomes crucial in biological and material researches. However, the diffraction limit restricts the resolution of conventional microscopy. In 1968, confocal microscopy, the first pointwise scanning superresolution method, appeared. It improves the imaging resolution, enhances the contrast, and thus breaks through the diffraction limit. Since then many superresolution methods have come into being, among which the pointwise scanning superresolution method earns reputation for its high imaging resolution and contrast. The stimulated emission depletion microscopy becomes the most prominent method with an achievable resolution of about 2.4 nm and then widely used. Besides, the newly developed fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED) and the saturated absorption competition microscopy (SAC) have their advantages of non-constraint on fluorescent dyes, low saturated beam power, simplified optical setups, while they achieve a resolution of lower than /6. Further explorations of FED will be keen on vivo biological observations by using it, while that of SAC can concentrate on enhancing the resolution on a nanoscale and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the Airyscan technique in which a detector array is used for image acquisition, can serve as a complementary tool to further enhance the imaging quality of pointwise scanning superresolution method. The detector-array enables both the narrowed size of pinhole and the increasing of the acquired signal intensity by 1.84 folds. The other methods, e.g. superoscillation lens and high-index resolution enhancement by scattering, have the potentialities to obtain superresolved image in material science or deep tissues. After being developed in the past three decades, the superresolution methods now encounter a new bottleneck. Further improvement of the current methods is aimed at imaging depth, and being used more practically and diversely. In this review, we detailedly describe the above pointwise scanning superresolution methods, and explain their principles and techniques. In addition, the deficiencies and potentialities of these methods are presented in this review. Finally, we compare the existing methods and envision the next generation of the pointwise scanning superresolution methods.


Aircraft information service systems, such as airborne information systems, airborne integrated maintenance management systems, and cabin management systems, have greatly improved the ease of use and maintenance of civil aircraft. The current computing platforms used for accommodating these systems are unable to satisfy the multifaceted requirements of future information-based aircraft, such as energy conservation, emission reduction, high-performance computing, and information security protection, due to their high computing capacity, weight, and power consumption. Based on multi-core multi-threaded processors, a security hardware unit with microkernel virtualization technology and a virtualization airborne trusted general computing service architecture is proposed, and key technologies, including a high-performance processing and high-security hardware unit, virtualization management software unit, and virtualization security protection architecture were designed. By building a verification environment, the proposed platform was verified in terms of its application accommodation function, platform performance, and network security protection, for comparison with the existing platforms. The results showed that our method can fulfill the requirements of these technical indicators and is applicable, not only to new-generation civil aircraft, but also to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and emergency rescue aircraft with high-performance safety-critical computing needs.


Abstract : A numerical study of the flow field and heat transfer in a turbine blade control cooling passage is described. Attention is focused on a short straight section of the rectangular passage which includes a single turbulator protruding from its floor. The two dimensional, transient, Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes, continuity and energy equations are iterated to a steady state solution using the MacCormick explicit predictor-corrector algorithm. Turbulence closure is achieved through the use of the Baldwin-Lomax form of the Cebeci- Smith algebraic two layer eddy viscosity model. Plots of skin friction, local heat transfer rate, streamlines, velocity profiles and temperature profiles are given. It was found that the widely used Reynolds Analogy greatly underpredicts the heat transfer rate as given by a direct calculation using Fourier's law. Keywords: Heat transfer, Turbulence augmentation.


Some questions in film history can be answered in terms of cinema alone. Other questions demand that the historian place film-making in a larger .context. For example, the historically significant European film-maker often has artistic alliances outside film, in stage directing (e.g., Sjostrom, Visconti, and Bergman), painting (e.g., Antonioni, Bresson), or even poetry (e.g., the Pr6verts). For this reason, many problems in European film history can be solved only by an investigation of the relationship between film and the other arts.


The first part of this work is devoted to the physiological effects of caffeine on the organism. The second part deals with determination of caffeine in beverages (coffee, tea, non-alcoholic and energy drinks) by liquid chromatography and electrophoresis.


This study aims to determine the descriptive analysis of each variable: e-commerce technology, independent variables; customer experience, the dependent variable; and e-commerce platform; the intervening variables are then analyzed how the direct or indirect influence of the independent variables, e-commerce technology, on the dependent variable, consumer experience, when using the e-commerce platform as an intervening variable. The quantitative method is used in this study. Based on the results of factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data processing, using SPSS 23 and SMART-PLS software, the results are: 1) e-commerce technology variables indirectly have a positive and significant effect on customer experience when accessing the e-commerce platform, 2) the e-commerce technology variable has a positive and significant direct effect on customer experience. The area in this study is still limited because it merely covers Bandung Raya and is not specific for the assessment of the e-commerce platform used. For future research, the scope of research can be expanded, and the e-commerce platform used can be more specific to certain platforms so that more detailed results can be obtained


Excerpt Because hypokalemia predisposes to digitalis toxicity, the relationships between computed total body glycoside concentration (C) (derived from previously described computer programs), serum...


The human herpes virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) is clearly associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma and the undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, although its role in oncogenesis is still poorly defined. Recently EBV has been implicated in other types of lymphomas, as well as in some non lymphomatous neoplastic processes. It's possible association with human cervical carcinoma has been investigated here .The present study included (40) patients having cervical carcinoma with age ranged (40–70) years, where histopathological sections reviewed .A second group regarded as control group complained of healthy women , (40) women with age ranged (40 -70) years. ELISA technique had been used to detect about IGg of VC Ag and E Ag of EBV. We identified that EBVlgG were non-significant (p >0.05) in compared with control group . The non-significant association between EBV and cervical carcinoma that we have found further strengthens the suggestion that cases of cervical carcinoma should be increase and assessed for EBV status by PCR technique because its more specific and more sensitive test than ELISA technique.


The article discusses some basic elements of drawing, along with some equally basic behavior with respect to drawing. Considering one of the most repeated assumptions or stereotypes of the Western ...


Singularity-free methods for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for nonlinear molecules in intense laser fields--A non-perturbative approach by A. D. Bandrauk and H. Lu Feasibility and competitiveness of a reduced basis approach for rapid electronic structure calculations in quantum chemistry by E. Cances, C. Le Bris, Y. Maday, N. C. Nguyen, A. T. Patera, and G. S. H. Pau Some fundamental mathematical properties in atomic and molecular quantum mechanics by G. Chen, Z. Ding, A. Perronnet, M. O. Scully, R. Xie, and Z. Zhang Sparse tensor-product Fokker-Planck-based methods for nonlinear bead-spring chain models of dilute polymer solutions by P. Delaunay, A. Lozinski, and R. G. Owens A partial differential equation for credit derivatives pricing by M. Escobar and L. Seco A short review on computational issues arising in relativistic atomic and molecular physics by M. J. Esteban Model Hamiltonians in density functional theory by P. Gori-Giorgi, J. Toulouse, and A. Savin Simulation of quantum-classical dynamics by surface-hopping trajectories by H. Kim and R. Kapral Simulating realistic and nonadiabatic chemical dynamics: Application to photochemistry and electron transfer reactions by D. M. Koch, Q. K. Timerghazin, and G. H. Peslherbe A Maxwell-Schrodinger model for non-perturbative laser-molecule interaction and some methods of numerical computation by E. Lorin, S. Chelkowski, and A. Bandrauk Parareal in time algorithm for kinetic systems based on model reduction by Y. Maday.


Since the last International Congress of Dermatology was held in London in 1952 the use of penicillin alone in the treatment of early syphilis has become even more firmly established throughout the world. European specialists, however, have been somewhat slower to abandon the older, albeit well tried, methods employing arsenic and bismuth than experts in other areas. In January, 1953, a World Health Organization survey of the schemes of treatment in use in the venereal diseases clinics of the world showed that drugs other than penicillin were at that time being used in 347 per cent. of these establishments. While all the North American clinics included in the survey relied on penicillin alone, arsenic and bismuth (usually in addition to penicillin) were still in use in 47 8 per cent. of the clinics of Europe (Willcox, 1954). Though penicillin alone in a total dosage of 2-4 mega units had been used throughout the British Army and the Royal Air Force for the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis since 1944, in the civil clinics it was at first the common practice to follow a course of 24 to 4 mega units penicillin with ten weekly injections of neoarsphenamine and bismuth. This routine was followed at St. Mary's Hospital during the years 1946-47 and McElligott, Jefferiss, and Willcox (1948) made a preliminary report on 275 patients with early syphilis treated with 2 4 to 4 mega units penicillin over a period of 7k to 121 days plus a course of neoarsphenamine and bismuth lasting from 6 to 10 weeks. 54 per cent. of the patients had been followed for 12 to 18 months or over, and there were ten failures, four of which were considered as being due to reinfection. Toxic effects from the arsenical drugs were not negligible and in ten cases they were severe. This led to the discontinuance of arsenic and, from 1947 to 1950, the short intensive course of penicillin was followed by not more than ten intramuscular injections of an aqueous suspension of bismuth oxychloride, usually given twice weekly. Jefferiss, Willcox and McElligott (1951) reviewed a total of 744 cases of primary and secondary syphilis treated at St. Mary's Hospital in 1946-48. All of these patients had had an 8-day course of penicillin (maximum total dosage 4 8 mega units), 561 receiving a single course of a maximum of ten injections of neoarsphenamine and bismuth, and 183 a maximum of ten injections of bismuth only. Up to the time of review 32 patients had needed re-treatment, ten of whom were considered to have been re-infected Since then no further cases of serological, clinical, or neurological relapse have been noted in this series, which supports the widely-held opinion that relapses, when they occur, usually do so within the first year of post-treatment observation.


Alanine and Radio-Photo-Luminescence (RPL) dosemeters are used or will be used to monitor the absorbed doses occurring inside the tunnels of all CERN accelerators including the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). They are placed close to radiation sensitive machine components like cables or insulations of magnet coils to predict their remaining lifetime. At these locations the dosemeters are exposed to mixed high-energy radiation fields, but up to now both dosemeter types were only calibrated in the photon field of60Co sources. This paper presents the results of a proton calibration campaign applied to Alanine and RPL dosemeters. The dosemeters were irradiated with protons of a momentum of 24 GeV/c at the irradiation facility IRRAD1 at CERN-PS. The energy deposition per impinging protons seen at the location of the dosemeters is calculated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. By means of the measured fluence result the achieved number was translated into a finally obtained dose at the dosemeter location. Nine measurements at varying impinging proton intensities were performed. The dose results are related to the readout results obtained by the analysis procedures applied to the various detectors yielding to a proton calibration curve. This new proton based calibration curve is compared to the old one which was obtained by a60Co photon irradiation.


Due to the increasing complexity, miniaturization and higher density of components in modern devices, reliability and lifetime are important issues in electronic packaging. In modern electronic devices, the packaged structure consists of a variety of metallic, ceramic, plastic or composites components. The large differences in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between ceramic substrates (such as Al2O3 and AlN) heat dissipation materials (such as Cu and Al,) and semiconductors (such as Si and GaAs) induce thermal stress and therefore possible thermal failure in solder joints or ceramic substrates. As a result, to ensure the reliability of electronic devices at increased packing and power densities, thermal management must be considered as a critical aspect in the design of multi-chip modules. There is, therefore, a strong need for the development of new designs utilising novel heat dissipation materials with low coefficients of thermal expansion and high thermal conductivities. During the last decade, the developments in material selection and thermo-mechanical modelling software have lead to design optimisation of complex devices and the prediction of their lifetime.[1,2] It is very important to study material and design parameters that would improve reliability. The challenge is determining the thermal properties of new materials such as composites, which can be very powerful materials in controlling thermal stress and, as a result, increasing the reliability of electronic packages. In this paper, thermo-mechanical modelling predicts i) stress/strain responses in the electronic device under thermal loads, and ii) the corresponding reliability (lifetime). The thermal stress and strain analyses in this study have been performed with FEMLAB multi-physics software. Furthermore, it models the couple between different materials in complex device designs.


The meaning of lifestyle in economic interactions is the kind of Islamic teachings that the society follows in its economic life and solving its economic problems. The economic discourse of Islam is not separate from its ethical discourse, and the two of the discourses are completely interrelated. This interrelation by itself is one of the most important features of Islamic economics. In the field of economic interactions, Imam Sajjad (A.S.) considers commitment to some insights, thoughts and beliefs necessary for activating Islam's rulings in the field of economics. Some of these insights and beliefs include believing in God's justice in spreading His blessings, the necessity of satisfaction with divine ordinance, earning wealth being one of the most important areas of human examination, etc. Multiple practical solutions could be found in the prayers of al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiah, including thanksgiving, preserving dignity and self-respect, acquiring lawful wealth, leaning toward Quran for increasing God's blessings, moderation in costs and avoiding debts, etc. The research method in this article is descriptive, analytical and text-based; and the goal is to explain the principles and methods of economic interactions based on the prayers of al-Sahifah al-Sajjadiah.


#### The bottom line

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. The global prevalence of the condition varies widely, with the most recent meta-analysis finding an increase in 3 cases per 100 000 per degree of latitude.1 The disease is more common in females, with a female to male incident ratio of 2.4.2

This review discusses the recognition and management of relapses in multiple sclerosis, and focuses on facts that are applicable to the generalist, not specialist.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We carried out an electronic search through PubMed, Ovid, and CINAHL using the search terms "multiple sclerosis" and "relapse". We also searched personal reference archives and had discussions with colleagues. One author (CH) used information from three highly standardised patient education programmes developed at the Hamburg centre.

The clinical course of multiple sclerosis may vary.3 It is relapsing-remitting from onset in 85% of cases, characterised by episodes of neurological deficit (relapses) that recover (that is, remit), to varying degrees; if relapses are severe and frequent the term "rapidly evolving severe multiple sclerosis" is sometimes used. In the other 15% of cases, a gradual progression occurs from …


Objective: To explore the influencing factors and control strategies through analyzing the present situation of cesarean section in a hospital. Methods: A total of 1,411 hospitalized maternal medical records were investigated from a large hospital in Nanjing in 2009. They were then divided into two groups of natural delivery(vaginal delivery) and cesarean section according to the delivery mode. The general information, physical condition, intrapartum status were compared between the two groups, and the influencing factors for cesarean section were analyzed using multivariate1 logistic regression. Results: During 2009, the total of 608 cesarean section parturient(43.09%) were recorded in this hospital, whose age and weight were significantly higher than those of natural delivery parturient(P0.01), and the previous physical conditions were also relatively poorer. In addition, most of the cesarean section parturient had no production trillion and closed cervix when they were admitted to hospital, and their uterine height, abdominal circumference, fetal heart rate were obviously higher than those of natural delivery parturient(P0.05 or P0.01). Besides, B-ultrasound examination showed that the proportion of abnormal amniotic fluid(too much or less), macrosomia, malposition(mainly breech) and circulor of umbilical cord were also significantly higher than those of those of natural delivery parturient(P0.05 or P0.01). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the independent factors for cesarean section including maternal elderly(35 yr), admitted production trillion, malposition, excessive maternal abdominal circumference, fetal distress and neonatal overweight. Additionally, 19.24% of cesarean section had no clinical indications(social factors). Conclusion: The proportion of cesarean section is not lower in this hospital. Thus, the parturient should choose suitable delivery mode according to the influencing factors, particularly controlling the cesarean section without indications, in order to finally reduce the cesarean section rate.


A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy where: m and n are independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; when present, each R1 is independently selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C3-6cycloalkyl, cyano, NR1aR1b and halogen; R1a and R1b are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and a heterocyclyl of 4 to 6 members; or R1a and R1b together with a nitrogen atom to which they bind form a heterocyclic ring of 4 to 6 members; when present, each R2 is C1-4alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-4 haloalkyl or C1-4 haloalkoxy; R4 is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R5 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-4 haloalkyl or C1-4 haloalkoxy; R6 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-4 haloalkyl or C1-4 haloalkoxy; such that at least 1 of R3, R4, R5 and R6 is a group other than hydrogen


Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia is a rare but lifethreatening
condition. An 83-year-old female with history of
congestive heart failure underwent a transcatheter aortic valve
implantation..


The communication strategy of advertising media refers to an important link to corporate marketing strategy.The ultimate goal of media combination is to assist and achieve the goals of product marketing,while its success relies on outstanding strategies of ad media combination.The article elaborates the communication strategies of ad media,in the perspective of making the targets'lives vivid and seamless communication strategies.


The present study is primarily concerned with the free bending or transverse vibrations of a multi-layer, partially stiffened, bonded composite plate system. Here, the two-layer plate system is composed of two dissimilar, orthotropic plates of different lengths but of the same width and in-between very thin adhesive layer. Thus, a two-layer, partially stiffened, stepped-thickness, bonded composite plate system is created. In the dynamic equations, the influence of the thickness shear deformations and the rotatory moments of inertia of plates are taken into account in the sense of the Mindlin Plate Theory. The normal and shear strains and the corresponding stresses in the relatively very thin adhesive layer are included in the formulation. They are the coupling terms of the upper stiffening plate and the lower base plate. The composite plates are to be simply supported at two opposite edges. However, at the other two opposite edges, the boundary conditions may be arbitrary. The solution technique is a combination of a "Modified Version of the Transfer Matrix Method" and the classical "Levy's Method". The natural frequencies and the typical mode shapes of the stepped-thickness and partially stiffened, bonded composite plate system of dissimilar members are presented. It is shown that, in some cases, the deflection shapes of the upper stiffening plate and the lower base plate corresponding to the same mode of the composite system are significantly different. Also, the influence of some of the characteristic parameters on the natural frequencies are plotted and presented.


A composition is proposed for use in preventing the forma tion of ice or Snow on outdoor Surfaces, Such as roadways or aggregate Stockpiles, and also for deicing Surfaces upon which Snow or ice has formed. The composition is formed from a waste product of the process of removing Sugar from Sugar beet molasses, also known as desugared Sugar beet molasses. As a byproduct of a widely used process for making edible Sugar, the desugared Sugar beet molasses is readily available at a low cost. Moreover, the composition is ready for use in conventional Spraying equipment without the need for mixing agents, is environmentally friendly, and is able to perform at temperatures well below the freezing point of water. The composition is also non-corrosive and can be admixed with chloride Salts, Such as magnesium, calcium, or Sodium chloride, to reduce the corrosiveness of the resulting Solution while Still providing effective deicing activity.


We found a preparative method for the synthesis of the substituted (alkoxymethyl)phosphines with various structure on the basis of the reactions of (alkoxymethyl)chloromagnesiums with chlorophosphines. The compositions and structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by the results of elemental analysis and /sup 1/H and /sup 31/P NMR spectroscopy.


Postoperative adhesion formation is a consequence of wound healing and sometimes can result in severe complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TNF‐alpha inhibition on the development of postoperative uterine adhesions.


Following Jacob's clinical description in 1827 and Krompecher's histological investigations in 1900 and 1903, basal-cell carcinoma was regarded as a single clinical and pathological entity. In 1910, however, MacCormac reported a series of rodent ulcers and suggested that on histological grounds there were three types of tumour, viz., pure rodent ulcers, mixed rodent ulcers (basalcell and squamous-cell tumours side by side), and intermediate types in which " great difficulty was experienced in determining whether the neoplasm should be classified as a rodent ulcer or as a Malpighian cancer." Korbl (1912) subsequently described a transitional form of skin cancer having the structure of a typical basal-cell carcinoma, but in which the cells were larger, paler, and richer in cytoplasm, approaching the prickle cell type. In these tumours some of the cells were arranged concentrically and intercellular bridges were present. Darier (1922), in discussing the problems of skin cancer, also drew attention to variations in the histological pattern of some basal-cell carcinomata and suggested that this group of atypical basal-cell tumours should be called "epitheliome metatypique," of which he recognized two types, " epitheliome metatypique mixte " and " epitheliome metatypique intermediare." The former he described as having the configuration of a typical basal-cell carcinoma with areas of conglomerate squamous cells, pale, and acidophilic, often with prickles but without keratohyalin and surrounding a colloid centre. The intermediate type was described as having narrow trabeculae, two or three cells thick, the cells being larger and paler than basal cells, though not as large as prickle cells, and prickles were frequently absent. Montgomery (1928), in a study of 119 cases of epithelioma of the skin, found 15 cases which he regarded as transitional between basal and squamous-cell carcinoma, and to these he applied


The paper presents the results of the investigation of the influence of asymmetric membership functions in a fuzzy controller on the quality of MPPT regulation in the photovoltaic system. Comparison of the quality of fuzzy MPPT regulation with symmetrical and asymmetric membership functions is carried out. The results of the research showed the advantage of using asymmetric membership functions in the MPPT algorithm with fuzzy logic.


Stock markets and bond markets are known to interact. Specifically, the common stock market trend (i.e., business cycle also termed market / systematic risk) impacts common corporate bond market trend (i.e., credit cycle). First, we disentangle the common latent component from total stock returns (i.e., systematic / unobserved common stock market component). Second, we extract the common latent component from total bond returns (i.e., common unobserved systematic corporate bond component). Then, we estimate the dynamic relation between systematic total stock returns and systematic total bond returns over time (i.e., co- and anti-monotonicity risk). We characterize therefore the time-varying correlation risk (i.e., correlation risk structure) between stock performance and corporate bond performance. Results are instructive in a risk management prospect with regard to equity- and corporate bond-based portfolios.


In South China, the tropical weather and climate result in severe sugarcane lodging problems which greatly hinders sugarcane mechanical harvesting. The main function of the crop divider is to lift lodged canes and facilitate base-cut cane feeding. In this study, a series of field tests were conducted on crop dividers of Liugong 4GQ-180 sugarcane chopper harvester. The tests were designed to identify the relationships of the performance index (maximum lifting height of sugarcane) and the main influencing factors (machine forward speed, rotational speed of inside scrolls, and ground clearance of crop divider toes). The single factor test was conducted to determine optimum range of these test factors: the forward speed (FS) was 2.0-4.0 km/h, the rotational speed of inside scrolls (RS) was 100-140 r/min, and the toe ground clearance (GC) was 0-5 cm. The orthogonal test (three factors and three levels) was carried out to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters: FS was 2.0 km/h, RS was 115 r/min, and GC was 0 cm. In addition, the range analysis of orthogonal test results revealed that the order of each test factor affecting crop divider performance was RS, FS, GC. This study was expected to provide valuable references for the optimal operation of sugarcane harvester crop dividers.
Keywords: sugarcane chopper harvester, parameter optimization, machine forward speed, rotational speed of scrolls, ground clearance, maximum lifting height, field test, evaluation, crop divider
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.5621

Citation: Bai J, Ma S C, Wang F L, Xing H N, Ma J Z, Hu J W. Field test and evaluation on crop dividers of sugarcane chopper harvester. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 118–122.


A part of JR Senseki Line in Sendai City was switched to underground. We adopted Soil Mixing Wall(SMW) method for the construction work. As this wall cut off most of the groundwater flow, we had analyzed the influences in advance using the finite element analysis and conceived to control the groundwater flow by replacing the retaining wall partially with permeable materials after construction. This paper shows variation of groundwater level affected by the SMW and recovered by the effective countermeasures. Furthermore, it is also referred to the accuracy of the prediction checked by regression formula.


Hydropneumothorax following oesophageal rupture is very rare and often lethal. We report case of a 78-year-old man with known Barret's oesophagus with increasing shortness of breath and right chest pain followed by increasing emesis. Further investigations showed a right side hydropneumothorax and pleural effusion. Thorax and abdominal CT showed middle oesophageal perforation and pneumomediastinum. Oesophageal perforation can lead to pneumothorax and pleural fluid. Early diagnosis is pivotal to reduce mortality.


Ferulic acid (FA) is a low molecular weight phenolic acid that is a common component of the outer layers of cereal grains. It has been implicated in resistance to both insect and fungal pathogens. The FA concentrations of 18 cultivars of 2-row and 6-row barleys, grown in 2 locations, were quantified by HPLC analysis following acid hydrolysis. The FA concentrations ranged from 365 to 605 μg/g dry weight. The concentration of FA varied significantly among the different cultivars of barley. A genetic basis for FA levels is inferred by the similar ranking of the cultivars in both locations. FA levels were also measured by the absorbance at 340 nm of the acid-hydrolyzed extract, and in situ detection of fluorescence intensity of the ground grain using a UMSP80 microspectrofluorimeter. Both of these methods are more rapid than HPLC and may allow the practical screening of FA concentrations in numerous barley lines.


The utility model discloses a multi-passage mortar pipeline connector, which includes a closed buffer tank, wherein a feed pipe with one end extending into the buffer tank is arranged at the top of the buffer tank; at least one discharge pipe is arranged on the side wall of the buffer tank; and the end of the feed pipe that extends into the buffer tank is not contacted with the end of the discharge pipe that extends into the buffer tank. The connector replaces a plane or three-dimensional turning or connecting pipe fitting, has simple structure and obvious effect, is easy and practical to implement, can avoid the serious abrasion on the turning or connecting part of the mortar pipeline, slows down the abrasion, and prolongs the replacement cycle of the turning or connecting part.


The article attempts to reconstruct socio-cultural and political image of a particular local community formed in a specific life environment, which influenced the behavior patterns of the population in the period of radical transformation. Analysis of the problem promotes a profound understanding of diverse revolutionary processes of 1917. The paper draws heavily upon microhistory approach with its interrelations of cultural and social contexts. According to the approach, the historic events on both individual and local levels become subjects of research. The study draws on materials of parish communities of the Shenkursk uezd of the Arkhangelsk gubernia, reflecting social, economic, cultural, and mental features of the typical northern periphery and also traditional agricultural region of Central Russia. In the days of the Civil War, the Shenkursk uezd was the epicenter of armed struggles between Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks. The source base consists of published and unpublished materials. The archival sources are retrieved from the fonds of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Communes Union of the Northern Region (Central State Archive of St. Petersburg) and from the fonds of the Shenkursk Uezd Executive Committee of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies (State Archive of the Arkhangelsk region).The authors conclude that multiple factors influenced the perception of the ongoing revolutionary processes and choosing of the behavior patterns during the Revolution and the Civil War: economic activities, social status, age, educational background, political beliefs. Yet, pragmatic approach to life, inherent to their outlook, forced peasants to adapt their behavior to the rapidly changing environment. The research indicates that the rural population of the Shenkursk uezd, boasting high socio-cultural characteristics, was notable for their political involvement in the revolutionary processes of 1917–18. Political preferences of the population were multifaceted; they changed throughout the time, thus revealing the whole complexity of objective and subjective factors of the revolutionary process in Russia.


The products formed on neutron irradiation presumably contain ligands derived from breakdown of trien, chloro and aquated species, and of trien itself. The observed data may be attributed to the various species on the basis of complexes with greater charge travelling larger distances, and those in which the charge is the same will travel a smaller distance if they are a bulkier complex or if there is some interaction with the paper. More precise characterisation has not yet been carried out. Samples have been kept for over a month and the analysis repeated, and the same results have been obtained. This indicates that /?-decay effects are not producing a large change in the breakdown products. This was also shown in earlier work [10] where iridium complexes were studied in comparison with cobalt and rhodium. The cobalt and rhodium complexes had only 0.19 and 0.55 metal atoms activated in every million and even when activation of chlorine, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are considered, then each (n,y) reaction must break 200,000 to 500,000 metal-chlorine bonds. This is thus further evidence that the original H A R B O T T L E and S U T I N hot zone model should be extended to accommodate a much larger number of excited atoms. We -wish to express our appreciation to the International Atomic Energy Agency for the tenure of a fellowship by one of us (S. G.), the Johnson Mathey Ltd. for the donation of some of the materials used and the S . R . C . for a grant.


For the sake of improving the scientificity and practicability of building fire risk assessment,a new risk assessment method combining cluster analysis and AHP was worked out in the building fire risk assessment system. Firstly,5 kinds of fire risk assessment systems for typical buildings were established according to the characteristics of buildings,employing AHP which has the advantages of both semi-quantitative methods and qualitative methods. And questionnaire and cluster analysis were integrated to calculate the weight values of indexes in the assessment system. Through scoring on each index,the fire risk level for a building can be assessed. Then on basis of the above theory,a Building Fire Safety Level Calculator was developed by using of Visual Basic. NET. The fire risk of a mall in Wuhan was assessed by using of the calculator. The result shows that the mall is at a fire safety level of Ⅱ,low fire danger,which conforms with its real fire safety situation.


the subsequent discussion Mr. MARSH said he was pleased to hear Dr. Simon had specially referred to the importance of nasal examination in all cases of asthma. There was no doubt that nasal treatment succeeded in curing a certain percentage, and in relieving a much greater percentage, of cases. There were, however, a certain percentage of cases which were not relieved. It could not be said that any definite nasal condition produced asthma. There was, he thought, in all cases more or less instability of the nerve centres of the pneumogastric nerve. Very slight pressure on the nerve ends from opposing surfaces -whether due to congestion from toxaemic causes, catarrh, or even gravity, or to hypertrophy, or new growths, or abnormality of the nasal structures, were Qapparently sufficient to produce an attack, and intranasal treatment for the prevention of this pressure should be undertaken. He could instance cases of cure after Temoval of polypi, nasal spurs and ridges, turbinectomy, especially of the middle turbinated bone, and cauterizaion of hypersensitive areas over the upper half of the eeptum. Occasionally gross hypertrophic changes were Sfound as a result of the asthma, and these cases were generally unsatisfactory. With regard to treatment other than operative, he found that many patients had a profound belief in the efficacy of "Tucker." The essential ingredients of this remedy-a spray-were cocaine and atropine. He quite agreed with Dr. Simon as to the importance of diet and care of the general health, and of the value of certain drugs, especially of iodide of potassium.


Li – air batteries (LAB) have a theoretical energy density as high as 3500Whkg − 1 ; however, many problems remain to be addressed before their practical application. Introduction of a redox mediator (RM) is commonly applied to reduce the high overpotential of the air electrode (AE) during the charge process. We try to fi x an RM on the AE by coating it with a slurry of carbon black and binder on a carbon paper substrate to enable us not only to suppress the shuttle e ff ect but also to concentrate the RM on the surface of the AE where it works. We use LiBr as the RM in this study and compare two types of LAB cells: one with a LiBr-coated AE and the other with LiBr dissolved in the electrolyte solution. The cell with the LiBr-coated AE exhibits a better cell performance than that with the dissolved LiBr.


A simple, low cost, liquid-core waveguide polarimeter is presented. The rotation of polarized light was measured after passing through a hollow fiber containing the chiral solution of interest. Sensitivity was found to scale with fiber length. For compactness, the fiber can be curled into a right-angle figure 8 configuration and this eliminated any phase effects that would otherwise be introduced. The limit of detection was 0.3mM for both (S)-(−)-limonene and (R)-(+)-limonene using a 220.8cm long fiber with a run time of approximately 30s and a core volume of 38.9μl.


Present study has been conducted with the purpose of impact of university skills training on students psycho-social and cognitive skills of males' students in preparatory year deanship in university of Dammam in 2014/2015. The present study is quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was used with control group. The study sample was 150 subjects and randomly assigned into experimental and control group. The experimental group was trained four days. Findings of ANOVA, MANOVA and MANCOVA showed that the training program was positively and significantly effect on self-confidence, self-assertiveness, tolerance of responsibility and problem solving. Furthermore, the results also showed that students had a significant difference on self-assertiveness and self-awareness based on their study track. Thus, a comprehensive training program is needed in the field of university life to help students adjust and success.


To reduce frequent heavy air pollution, the Chinese government suspends clinker production during the heating season in most areas of the North, which is known as the Clinker Off-peak Production Policy. The questions regarding such a repressive production policy for environmental purposes are whether this policy is effective in reducing pollutants and whether the marginal cost is high. To explore these policy effects, a quasi-experiment is designed, taking advantage of spatial-temporal variations in policy implementation. With the triple-difference method and environmental satellite data, the effect on air pollution is estimated to be −1900 μg/m2 (~2%) of SO2 and −3200 μg/m2 (~10%) of NO2. With daily price information and the difference-in-differences method, the market effect is estimated to be an approximately 10% increase in annual sale prices. The marginal cost estimated through a back-of-the-envelope analysis is 32 k RMB yuan/ton SO2 or NO2, which is 24.88 times the pollutant discharge fee but which better reflects the pollutant shadow price.


In this paper adaptive beamforming using constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for 16 point-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulated) signal is implemented. The algorithm was implemented on Matlab tool which calculates optimum weight vector that will achieve beamforming in the desired direction. The amplitude response for different size antenna array has been presented along with the optimum weight vector. It was observed that the overall amplitude response was not much affected with the variation of array elements.


In this paper we introduce a method of combining the use of the KLA FlashScan® reticle blank defect inspection system and the KLA LMS IPRO reticle pattern registration metrology system for high-precision mask defect inspection and registration. We investigated EUV mask blanks at various production stages and confirmed the reliable measurement of defect coordinates, which propagate through the multilayer stack towards the surface as well as after the absorber deposition process. During the inspection, in addition to the categorization among various types and sizes of blank defects, unique alignment marks were also placed on the mask. These alignment marks allowed us to use a defined coordinate system, enabling reliable and accurate registration of the defect location even on blank substrates. If the mask shop requires EUV defect coordinates in their own internal coordinate system, matching between the mask shop and blank coordinate systems is achieved by measuring both alignment mark pairs and applying the appropriate coordinate transformation. The combined use of inspection and metrology systems proved to be a cost-effective solution for the development of a defect mitigation strategy with automatic workflow for EUV mask shops and mask blank suppliers.


A successful professional development initiative, such as a training session, is one of several strategies that encourage school staff to gain more knowledge and skills and that enhance work performance. Evaluation is used to assess training achievement compared to the programme's objectives. This study attempts to implement the planning, observation, action, and reflection process for a professional development training programme and to evaluate participant satisfaction with the context, input, process, and product of the programme. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, surveys, and observations. The overall result showed that participants were highly satisfied with the training programme. However, participants noted that the training should have included more time for them to practise and apply lessons learned from the programme to their real work under the guidance of a mentor. All results demonstrated a possible decision to continue with future training workshops and revealed recommendations for improving the quality of the programme.


One of the major projects of the bicycle scheme in the city of Delft is the new bridge (plantagebrug) built for cyclists crossing the "rijn-schiekanaal". This bridge is situated between two existing bridges, crossing the same canal. The implementation of this bridge is evaluated. The travel pattern of the cyclists crossing the canal and the effects of the new bridge on this travel pattern as far as they are a result of changes in route choice are taken into account. (TRRL)


An efficient and tunable 200-600 nm source based on resonant radiation from ultrafast solitons in gas-filled hollow-core PCF is demonstrated. The influence of axially varying dispersion, controlled with a pressure gradient, is also explored.


According to traditional classical quantum theory, due to the prior existence of the Planck constant, considered a universal constant, it is thought that the energy of a photon can be determined if its frequency is known, and the wavelength of a quantum can be determined if its momentum is known (E = hv and λ = h/p). In this paper, however, the Planck constant only comes into existence when mecλC is replaced with h. There is no problem with introducing h to simplify equations, but quantum mechanics is not affected even if there is no symbol h. The physicists at the beginning of the 20th century overestimated the Planck constant, and this gave rise to universal constants that do not exist in the natural world in itself.


OBJECTIVE
Bacterial multidrug-resistance (MDR) to antimicrobials has become an important public health issue all over the world and it involves both hospital and community-acquired strains.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A number of 75 Escherichia coli and 77 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.) strains identified in biological samples collected from community (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) infections were found to be resistant to the third generation cephalosporins. Of these, 93 MDR strains were subjected to microarray analysis to detect the expression of 31 antimicrobial resistance genes.

RESULTS
We found that all HA extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli strains had at least one resistance gene to third generation cephalosporins, while in 54% of all CA strains genetic substrates justifying their antibiotic resistance were identified. Almost 81% of HA-ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β Lactamase) K. pneumoniae strains had at least one resistance gene to third generation cephalosporins, while in only 6% of the CA strains a similar genotype was identified. In the HA group, the blaCTX-M-15 genotype proved to be most frequent in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains and second most frequent (after ampC) in K. pneumoniae, while in the CA group, this genotype was the fourth most frequent in ESBL E. coli (after ampC, sul1, tet(R)).

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, in 67% of all ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains a genetic substrate justifying the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was identified; most of the remaining 33.33% strains were CA with a predominance of K. pneumoniae, in which a different antibiotic resistance genetic substrate (outside the detection limit of the kit used in this study) might have been involved.


This paper provides a bargaining game-based band- width allocation scheme in multi-operator shared millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio access network (RAN). We consider mobile network operators (MNOs) that mutually share their mmWave base stations (BSs) to expand coverage such that the subscribers of one MNO can be associated with the mmWave BSs of other MNOs. Since MNOs are also competitive in nature, there is a necessity for MNOs to negotiate the amount of bandwidth to be allocated to the users of each other. We first evaluate how the amount of allocated bandwidth enhances the success probability both theoretically and through simulations. Then, by using the evolutionary game theory to model the subscription of users, the feasible region of bandwidth is mapped to the feasible region of market state, enabling the MNOs to negotiate based the evolution of the market state. The Nash bargaining solution yields an allocation scheme that maximizes the product of MNOs' increments in the market share.


Studying entrepreneurship is important for global economic development. Throughout history, research has been conducted on the external factors that promote entrepreneurship and little attention has been given to the psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions in people. The following study examines the effect of gender and the five major personality traits encompassed in entrepreneurial intentions. The sample consisted of 200 university students. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between men and women in relation with entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, the study found that the personality traits such as extroversion and openness to new experiences tend to be related with entrepreneurial intentions. Contrary to neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness, which did not represent a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions.


OBJECTIVE
To assess depressive symptoms in men deprived from freedom in a prison in a Colombian intermediate city.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
A cross sectional study was performed on a sample of three hundred and three patients in the Medium Security penitentiary and Prison Facility of the city of Manizales between April and May 2014. The information was collected through the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), subsequently there were established the positive results for depression screening according to the final score of the scale.

RESULTS
303 men deprived from freedom were evaluated, mean age of 32.96 years +/- 10.8 years, 43.5% were living in cohabitation, 38% were single and 10.2% married; 33.7% had a primary education, 58% had secondary or incomplete secondary education, 5.6% reported higher studies; 38.6% (95% CI: 35.8; 41.4) reported symptoms of depression, predominating in ages between 18 to 44 years, no statistically significant differences p> 0.05 between the variables analyzed were found.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study give rise to clinical evaluation, by specialized staff in the area of psychiatry and his intervention, given the characteristics of self-reported depression for this population.


Summary: the topography, geology, climate and soils of the middle Florentine are described. The vegetation consisted of temperate rainforest, mixed forest (eucalyptus with an understorey of rainforest species) eucalypt forest and treeless areas.


Recent investigations of lexical and syntactic aspects of language comprehension in aphasia are reviewed. It is argued that these studies support theoretical assumptions concerning the functional independence of various components of normal language processing. Studies of the structure of the lexicon in aphasia provide support for componential theories of lexical semantics in that different types of features of meaning can be selectively disrupted under conditions of brain damage. Studies of sentence comprehension support the existence of a syntactic mechanism that is independent of lexically based heuristic strategies for assigning meaning. There is evidence that these independent elements of language are subserved by different portions of the dominant hemisphere of the brain. Focal brain damage can thus cause selective disruption of components, allowing the separation of elements that are highly integrated in the normal adult. Studies of aphasic language, therefore, provide a valuable source of constraints on theories of normal language processing.


The utility model relates to an unlocking management system which comprises a PC (personal computer), an intelligent key and a plurality of locksets, wherein the locksets are all provided with lock holes with the same standard, the intelligent key is provided with an unlocking mechanism which is matched with the lock holes, the intelligent key also comprises a power module, a central processing module, a communication module, a storage module, an identity recognition module, a display module and an unlocking control module; the central processing module is connected with the communication module, the storage module, the identity recognition module, the display module and the unlocking control module respectively; the unlocking control module controls the on and off of unlocking function of the unlocking mechanism; the communication module is used for exchanging data with the PC; the power module supplies the working power supply for the whole intelligent key; and the plurality of locksets are all provided with identity recognition modules. In the unlocking management system, the traditional management system is intelligentized, the key management and the unlocking procedure management can be realized only by the intelligent key in a way that the unlocking is authorized after the identity recognition is carried out on the lockset, and the management is more efficient and more reliable.


Nowadays oncology faces the challenge of non-toxic integrative therapies for cancer treatment. Clifford Hospital is devoted to this research and offers a full range of therapies, representing a synergy between the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the state-of-art facilities of the Modern Western Medicine (MWM). Our present article reports research of the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of integrative treatment of colon carcinoma with Oncothermia (OT) and Clifford TCM Immune Booster (CIB). The clinical study involved 157 patients in three-arms of treatments: CIB alone, OT alone and OT+ CIB combined. Results definitely prefer the combination therapy, which shows synergy of OT with CIB.


The working range and speed of a spotwelding robot are dependent on the system for transmission of secondary current to the welding equipment on the robot hand. ASEA has developed a secondary current transmission system which eliminates the disadvantages of cable transmission.


To assess the impact of a rest interval and bean turning on the thin-layer drying behavior of fermented cocoa beans, beans of mixed Trinitario varieties were dried in a cabinet oven at three temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) using three drying regimes, namely; continuous drying, intermittent drying (drying for 8h with a rest period of 16h), and intermittent drying with turning of beans.  Moisture content, water activity, pH and colour attributes were measured and sensory evaluation of the cocoa liquor carried out on selected samples.  Drying curves were constructed and drying rate constants (k) and effective diffusivity (Deff) values determined. Keywords: Oven-drying; Fick's Law; Rate constant; Diffusion coefficient


ABSTRACT Widespread adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is firmly on policy agenda in several countries. Despite emphasis on governments' ambitions for industry-wide BIM adoption, there is scant understanding about what construction firms need to do regarding training provision and how to do that to meet policy goals. There is, therefore, little evidence of how construction companies have tackled this challenge internally and on projects in existing studies. Through a qualitative research approach and case studies of two leading UK construction companies, this paper describes the different strategies that construction companies adopt to provide the requisite skills and training for their workforce and their project supplier network partners to successfully support and sustain the implementation of BIM. The findings show that successful main contractors employed an "in-house" training strategy at intra-organizational level and a "growing together" approach for their project supplier network partners. In providing BIM training, these firms tackled problems of heterogeneity in workforce digital literacy and competencies, a lack of attention to soft skills, and a lack of understanding of BIM benefits using tailored and role-specific training. These insights contribute to the growing literature on BIM training, complementing the existing literature that focuses mainly on BIM training through education.


Background The Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) tool is a simple suicide screening tool developed to screen patient suicide risk (SR). The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the ASQ tool in hospitalized patients. Methods The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the South Korean version of the ASQ tool were verified in 99 hospitalized patients admitted to a tertiary medical institution in Seoul. To verify the correlations and validity of each convergence with other scales, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were also conducted to determine convergent and discriminant validity. Then, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve diagnosis values for suicide and depression levels with the highest correlations were analyzed. Results As a result, Cronbach's alpha was 0.826, and when each item was removed sequentially, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.736–0.840, showing stable internal consistency. Most of the corrected item-total correlation were over 0.500; however, a relatively low correlation was shown for the fourth and fifth questions, which had values of 0.429 and 0.410, respectively. The test-retest reliability was 0.830, and the MINI and PHQ-9 showed high values of 0.872 and 0.672, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) according to the ASQ diagnosis value was also the highest for the MINI (0.936). Conclusion The validity and reliability of the South Korean version of the ASQ tool were demonstrated. Through this validation, the ASQ tool can be used for simple suicide risk screening (SRS) in hospitalized patients.


The concept of residence industrialization design was illustrated,it pointed out that residence industrialization design was necessary choice of real estate development some stage.It was analyzed from design concept intensive,design product standardization,design management standardization and practice integral.


An optimized algorithm of the neural network was elaborated in this paper based on the improved conjugate gradient theory.. The method was called the output weight optimized conjugate gradient algorithm( OWO- CG) because the concept of optimized output weights was introduced into the method,with the traditional conjugate gradient algorithm( CG) as the basis. Using this method,several steps should be followed in learning. First,calculate the convergence factor by means of the error function and the conjugate gradient theory,and modify the weight factors of the input layer and the hidden layer. Then,calculate the output function of the hidden layer,and construct and solve the system of linear equations by using the relevant output weight optimization theory so as to gain the weight factor of the output layer. Finally,calculate the error function and constantly modify the difference between the output values and the expected values in the neural network circuit until the accuracy requirement is met. The simulation results showed that the learning process of this algorithm is faster and more accurate than that of the traditional conjugate gradient algorithm.


We report observations of electromagnetic emissions at electron cyclotron harmonics in a mirror-confined electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. The present research has achieved a new understanding of electron cyclotron instabilities by comparing measurements of emissions from a well-diagnosed laboratory plasma, with the predictions of analytical theory supported by Vlasov simulations. A notable success of this work is the revelation of the subtle effects that the presence of multi-component electron distribution functions involving a warm and ring-distributed 1 200–400 eV mirror-confined population of electrons and a much colder 1 eV component have on the excitation of electron cyclotron instabilities. This new understanding resulting from the research reported here is likely to have a significant impact on the many areas where electron cyclotron instabilities are of fundamental importance, including astrophysical plasmas2, near-Earth solar-terrestrial plasmas3, laboratory tokamak and stellarator fusion plasmas and electron cyclotron resonance sources.


Melon production and exports from Costa Rica were studied. Information obtained from different sources (FAO, BCCR, PROCOMER, MAG, CANAPEMS) was analyzed. Personal communications were held with managers of melon export companies, and related publications were reviewed. Data about melon planting area, number of trading companies, geographical distribution of farms, value of exports and their volume per country of destiny and by type of melon along several years is presented. Finally, agronomic, economic, environmental and logistic challenges for the future of melon production in Costa Rica are analyzed.


Four ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVAs) containing 9, 12, 18 and 20 wt% vinyl acetate (VA) were treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to improve their adhesion to polychloroprene (PCP) adhesive. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of EVAs decreased as the VA content increased, due to the reduction in crystallinity of the polyethylene blocks in the copolymer. The modifications produced in the EVAs by treatment with sulphuric acid were followed using contact angle measurements (water, 25 °C), ATR-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adhesive-bond strength was obtained by T-peel tests on treated EVA/polychloroprene adhesive joints. The vinyl acetate content in the EVA affected the extent, but not the nature, of the surface modification produced by treatment with sulphuric acid. The treatment produced both sulfonation and oxidation on the EVA surfaces. The higher the vinyl acetate content in the EVA, the more significant the modifications produced. Increased T-peel strengths of EVA/polychloroprene adhesive + 5 wt% polyisocyanate joints were obtained and a mixed failure (adhesion failure + cohesive failure in the adhesive) was produced. It was found that, to be effective, the treatment of EVAs must be carried out with 96 wt% sulphuric acid.


Future CMOS technology nodes bring new challenges to formation of source/drain junctions and their contacts. To avoid MOSFET performance degradation with scaling, series resistance contribution of each junction must be limited to five percent of the device channel resistance. This requires ultra-shallow junctions with extremely low sheet, spreading and contact resistance. In this paper, we present an overview of the SiGe junction technology recently proposed by this laboratory for nanoscale CMOS. The technology is based on selective deposition of boron or phosphorus doped SiGe alloys in source/drain regions isotropically etched to the desired junction depth. Since the dopant atoms naturally occupy the substitutional sites during growth, the need for an activation anneal is completely eliminated limiting the maximum process temperature to 550°C for boron and 750°C for phosphorus. In this temperature range, dopant diffusion is virtually eliminated resulting in extremely abrupt doping profiles. Elimination of the high temperature implant anneal also makes the process compatible with the thermal stability needs of future high-K gate dielectrics. A key advantage of the technology is its potential to reduce the junction contact resistance. SiGe provides a smaller bandgap under the metal contact resulting in a smaller metal-semiconductor barrier height. Since the contact resistivity is an exponential function of the barrier height, the technology provides a significant advantage in reducing the contact resistivity. The results to date indicate that the technology is a promising alternative for nanoscale CMOS source/drain junctions and their contacts.


A well-known problem in dealing with noisy fitness landscapes is the difficulty in deciding a priori how many samples per individual to take in order to get a useful estimate of an individual's fitness. This is particularly important when an EA is given a priori a fixed total budget of samples and must trade off increased accuracy of fitness estimates over fewer generations vs. less accurate fitness estimates over more generations. This paper investigates a technique for dynamically adapting the fitness estimation accuracy as evolution proceeds and compares the results of such adaptive runs with others in which the accuracy is chosen a priori and kept constant.


Tamarind (Tamarindus indica Linn.) is tropical plant, which is generally found and planted in Thailand. The application of tamarind seed gum can raise the value of tamarind and minimize industrial waste. Tamarind seed gum powder offers a high viscosity solution. Therefore, researchers are interested in developing tamarind seed gum as a binder in the formulation of diclofenac sodium tablet, prepared by the dry granulation method. Physicochemical characterization results show that the carboxymethylation process can add a carboxymethyl group to the chemical structure of crude gum. The success of chemical modification was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) result. A powder Xray diffractogram expressed that the gum in, the crude and modified forms, were in amorphous form. The melting point, solubility properties, and viscosity of the polymer solution increased after the chemical structure modification. However, the disintegration time of the tablet made of the modified gum was too long. Consequently, an appropriate amount of gum powder (40 70 mg/tablet) was optimized. The result found that hardness of the tablet did not depend on the gum amount. Increasing the portion of the gum in the formulation retarded disintegration time and drug dissolution. The proper amount of the modified gum in the formulation was 60 mg (7.61 % w/w). The hardness of the tablet was 61 N, with 1.99 % of tablet friability. Disintegration time was less than 15 min, and drug release reached 76 % in 20 min.


In this paper, we propose a new hybrid control approach for almost output regulation of a class of discrete-time switched linear systems with average dwell time (ADT). Both controlled plant and exosystem are described by switched linear systems. The proposed hybrid controller is constructed as a switching impulsive system, where the controller states will undergo impulsive jumps at each switching instant. By using the ADT technique incorporated with multiple quadratic Lyapunov functions, the hybrid synthesis conditions for almost output regulation with asymptotic stability and weighted ℋ∞ performance are formulated as a set of linear matrix equations and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be solved effectively. The proposed hybrid control method has been demonstrated through a numerical example.


Fernando was one of 15 grade 1 children who had the opportunity to work with the WiggleWorks program over a 10 week period during the winter of 1997. WiggleWorks is a multimedia-based literac y program developed by Scholastic Publishing and the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST). Cur rently, the program targets children in grades K-3. Scholastic refers to WiggleWorks as "The Scholastic Early Literacy System" (2000) and it is available in English, Spanish and French.


In this paper, we clarify the applicability of the super operator technique for describing the dissipative quantum dynamics of a system consists of two qubits coupled with a thermal bath at finite temperature. By using super operator technique, we solve the master equation and find the matrix elements of the density operator. Considering the qubits to be initially prepared in a general mixed state, we explore the influence of dissipation on dynamical behavior of system. As expected, we obtain analytical evidence that the thermal photons and spontaneous emission of atoms are responsible for dissipation of entanglement of system.


Background: Migraine is a common type of primary headache that is highly disabling and is possibly associated with obesity. Increasing body mass index (BMI) seems to be a risk factor for migraine attacks. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of cinnamon on anthropometry status and headache disability of migraine patients.Methods: Fifty patients with migraine were randomized to receive either cinnamon powder, three capsules/day each containing 600 mg of cinnamon or three placebo capsules/day each containing 100 mg of corn starch (control group) for two months. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Furthermore, Minimal or Infrequent Disability (MIDAS) and Headache Daily Result (HDR) Questionnaire were recorded. Results: After follow-up, BW and BMI did not change in the intervention group, however, both of them significantly increased in the placebo group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p=0.001). WC significantly decreased in the cinnamon group and remarkably increased in the control group; the difference between groups was significant (p<0.001). Furthermore, HC and WHR significantly decreased in the intervention group than the placebo group (p=0.001). HDR and the total score of disability in migraine patients were significantly decreased in the intervention versus the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cinnamon seems to have beneficial effects on BW, BMI, WC, and HC and it reduces the headache disability of migraine patients. More randomized controlled trials should be undertaken to confirm these effects.


Activation of HGF/Met has been complicated in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of various tumors. We summarize current knowledge on their association with invasion of thyroid carcinoma. By discussing the expression of Met and its possible mechanism and analyzing the activation of Met with tumor motility, angiogenesis and inflammatory reaction, we conclude that the research of the possible role of HGF/Met in thyroid carcinoma will advance knowledge on the diagnosis and management of this disease,as well as tumor invasion.


Mixtures of selected neopentyl polyol ester has high miscibility with the refrigerant R-32 has been found over a wide temperature range. And R-32, and polyol ester lubricant composition having a kinematic viscosity 32~120cSt at 40 ° C., a working fluid containing the lubricant