The determination of the research is to analyze the human resource (HR) practices such as reward management, human, capital development (HCD), employee performance management (EPM) and occupational health and safety (OHS) on the performance of pharmacy sector in Thailand. For the purpose of analysis, PLS-SEM was utilized and data were collected through five point Licker scale questionnaire from the operational employees as well as managers that are distributed through personal visit to the outlet in Bangkok. The outcomes indicated that all the practices of HR have positive nexus with the performance of pharmacy sector in Thailand. These output guided to the policymakers, regulators and the authorities who implemented that regulation in the organization that they should develop and implement the effective HR policies that enhance the performance, engagement and satisfaction of the employees that ultimately enhance the performance of the organization.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. SRP. 2020; 11(3): 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 Web Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=92466 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. SRP. 2020; 11(3): 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(3): 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 Harvard Style

 Witthaya Mekhum (2020) The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. SRP, 11 (3), 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 Turabian Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. 2020. The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (3), 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 Chicago Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. "The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 Witthaya Mekhum. "The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.3 (2020), 195-204. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 Witthaya Mekhum (2020) The Influence of Effective Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance in the Pharmacy Sector of Thailand. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (3), 195-204. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.3.22


In order to evaluate the mechanism of electrolytic oxidation of iodate and to determine the optimum conditions for the electrolysis, studies were made using the cells without diaphragm and the lead peroxide anode. Results are summarized as followings: 1) Current density vs. anode potential curve by lead peroxide electrode had the different limiting current densities from platinum electrode and was more positive than platinum electrode. 2) Additions of potassium bichromate in the electrolyte contribute to maintain high current efficiency. 3) In the acid and alkaline regions, the current efficiencies decreased by reduction of iodate and discharge of hydroxyl ion, so maximum current efficiency was shown at pH 7. 4) Higher current density lowered the current efficiency in the region of 60-80% conversion of iodate. 5) Influence of the conversion on current efficiency in the region of 60-80% conversion of iodate.


Computer‐aided acquisition and logistic support (CALS), dealing with the automation and integration of all functions and processes that make up the many aspects of acquisition and logistic support of weapons systems, is explored with particular reference to the area of standard generalised mark‐up language (SGML).


A s the nat ion inches toward heal thcare reform, long-term care providers and others who care for the elderly are finding collaboration essential to con t inue serving their constituents. Although these collaborative arrangements may not be as well-integrated or comprehensive as the in tegra ted delivery network model proposed by the Catholic Health Association, they do represent a first s tep toward broader involvement with the community and other providers.


MyD88-dependent changes in the pulmonary transcriptome after infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae Running title: MyD88 influences gene expression in Chlamydia-infected mice Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae, an intracellular bacterium, causes pneumonia in humans and mice. Toll-like receptors and the key adaptor molecule MyD88 play a critical role in inducing immunity against this microorganism and are crucial for survival. To explore the influence of MyD88 on induction of immune responses in vivo on a genome wide level, WT or MyD88-/-mice were infected with C. pneumoniae upon anesthesia and the pulmonary transcriptome was analyzed three days later by microarrays. We found that the infection caused pulmonary cellular infiltration in WT but not in MyD88-/-mice. Furthermore, it induced the transcription of 360 genes and repressed 18 genes in WT mice. Of these, 221 genes were not or weakly induced in lungs of MyD88-/-mice. This cluster contains primarily genes encoding for chemokines and cytokines like MIP-1, MIP-2, MIP-1, MCP-1, TNF and KC, and other immune effector molecules like immunoresponsive gene 1 and TLR2. Arginase was highly induced after C. pneumoniae infection and was MyD88 dependent. Genes induced by interferons were abundant in a cluster of 102 genes which were only partially MyD88-dependent. Also, lcn2 (lipocalin-2) and timp1 were represented within this cluster. Interestingly, a set of 37 genes including sprr1a were induced more strongly in MyD88-/-mice and most of them are involved in the regulation of cellular replication. In summary, ex vivo analysis of the pulmonary transcriptome upon infection with C. pneumoniae demonstrated a major impact of MyD88 on inflammatory responses but not on interferon-type responses, and identified MyD88-independent genes involved in cellular replication.


Correlation computations are widely used in template-based temporal pattern recognition, but are expensive to compute in real time on DSP systems. We have designed and fabricated a low-power chip which uses current-mode analog circuits to compute the correlation between an auditory input signal in the time-frequency domain and a stored binary template. We use a bucket-brigade device (BED) to accumulate partial column sums over time at rates consistent with the auditory-band input. Experimental results of the correlator demonstrate its correct operation over a wide range of operating frequencies.


This paper provides a Kaldorian interpretation for empirical regularities of productivity growth at the sectoral level of the economy. The statistical evidence is based on a dataset drawn from internationally compatible time series for employment and value added in 30 developing countries. Based on novel non-linear statistical techniques the findings show: (i) a regular pattern of positive sectoral employment elasticities with respect to output growth; (ii) robust differences across sectors in the magnitude of the employment elasticities; and (iii) employment elasticities for all sectors that are significantly less than unity, suggesting strong evidence for increasing returns at the sector level of the economy. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


The blood in pregnenay has hypercoagulabale state,which results in habitual abortion、fetal death、premature birth、oligohydramnios、fatal growth restriction(FGR),rising in S/D radio of umbilical artery flow,hypertensine disorder and intrahepatic cholestasis companyed by pregnancy and so on resulting from part or whole vessel block caused by thrombosis and fibrin deposition in placental villus.Heparin has anticogulation by inhibiting the transformation from fibrinogen to fibrin and aggregation of platelet through combining with antithrombase-III.In the therapy of hypocoagulation in pregnancy with surgical and internal diseases and DIC in obstetrics,it can also has effects of anti-inflammation,detumescence,lipid lowering and thrombotic prevention by its anticoagulation.


The present invention discloses a high-strength wear-resistant composite material. The material comprises, by weight, 45-56 parts of nylon66, 30-40 parts of glass fibers, 13-23 parts of silicone powder, and 5-10 parts of a solubilizer. The material has the excellent properties of high strength, high corrosion resistance, high temperature, high wear resistance and excellent mechanical properties, has good prospects in the modernization of social production, and is especially applicable to the promotion in the textile industry.


Potential infection of flowers by Er,vinia amylovora in relation to flower age has not been established, but is relevant to fire blight risk assessment. This was investigated in conjunction with studies on stigma age and bacterial colonization. Crab apple flowers were collected daily from greenhouse trees, maintained by immersing cut pedicels in 10% sucrose, and incubated at 14 or 24°C and 90% relative humidity. Half of the flowers were pollinated by hand. At 10 days, each flower was inoculated on stigmas (0.1-0.2 p1 of 10 5 CFU/ml) or hypanthium (2.5 p1 of 109 CFU/ml) and incubated at 24°C. stigma-inoculated flowers were evaluated for population size after 24 hours, and hypanthium-inoculated flowers were evaluated for disease after 5 days. A similar experiment was performed with mature 'Gala' apple trees in polyethylene enclosures. Flowers and buds were removed, leaving only newly opened flowers. Every 2 days, flowers were sampled, inoculated, and incubated, as described. Concurrently, additional flowers left on the tree were hypanthium inoculated, enclosed in polyethylene bag with added moisture for 48 hours, and evaluated for disease after 6 days. As reported previously, flower stigmas supported bacterial growth when inoculated at maximum ages from 4 to 10 days, depending on temperature and pollination. Disease incidence, however, was relatively high (60 to 100%) only when flower hypanthia were inoculated at ages 0 to 4 days; beyond 4 days, incidence declined rapidly. This was demonstrated with detached crab apple flowers held at a constant 14°C and intact apple flowers at a mean of 15°C. At a constant 24°C, which is unrealistically high as a daily mean, disease incidence declined sharply when flowers were inoculated after the age of 2 days. Results support the four-day degree hour accumulation used in the Cougarblight risk assessment model. INTRODUCTION Erwinia amylovora colonizes the stigmas of apple and pear flowers during warm weather and, upon wetting, invades through the nectarthodes of the hypanthium (Thomson, 1986). Although the hypanthium is considered to be the primary infection site for fire blight, the potential of infection as related to flower age has not been established. In a field study focused on apple stigma age as related to bacterial colonization, Thomson and Gouk (2003) noted in one year that incidence of infection was significantly higher in flowers 1 to 3 days old than in flowers 5 to 8 days old. In another investigation involving apple, Taylor et al. (2003) observed disease symptoms only when E. amylovora exceeded 10 CFU on flowers I to 4 days old. Both investigations relied on the buildup of stigmatic bacterial populations following artificial inoculation and the subsequent movement of bacteria to the hypanthium. In the present report, we directly inoculated the hypanthia of pollinated and non-pollinated flowers of varying ages and in different temperature environments. This was done in conjunction with studies on stigma age and bacterial colonization (Pusey and Curry, 2004). The major motivation for the research was to validate the use of a 4-day degree hour accumulation in the Cougarblight disease risk assessment model (Smith, 1999). Proc. 10 Intl. Workshop on Fire Blight 127 ELK C.1C1//l Hid C. MiJ/iICl1l I Fri 7114. 1il IS 2006 MATERIALS AND METHODS The pathogen used was E. amylovora strain Ea153nal (Johnson et al., 1993). In initial experiments, flowers of various ages were inoculated with E. amylovora in two different ways: some were inoculated on stigmas to evaluate bacterial growth as previously done (Pusey, 1997; Pusey, 2002; Pusey and Curry, 2004) and others were inoculated in the hypanthium to test flower susceptibility to infection. To evaluate the effect of pollination, half of the flowers were pollinated manually and half were nonpollinated. This was made possible with detached 'Manchurian' crab apple flowers (Malus sp.) in controlled environment chambers as previously described (Pusey, 1997), and with mature 'Gala' apple (Malus x domestica) trees enclosed by polyethylene to exclude pollinator bees. In the laboratory, crab apple flowers were collected daily from a greenhouse, maintained by immersing cut pedicels in 10% sucrose, and incubated at various temperatures and 90% 3 relative humidity. At 10 days, all flowers were inoculated on stigmas (0.1-0.2 pl of, l08 CFU/ml) or in the hypanthium (2.5 il of I09 CFU/ml) and incubated at 24°C. Stigma-inoculated flowers were evaluated for bacterial population size after 24 hours, and hypanthium-inoculated flowers were evaluated for disease after 5 days. In the field, 'Gala apple trees were enclosed by polyethylene in 2002, but not in 2004. Flowers and buds were removed, leaving only newly opened flowers. Every I or 2 days, flowers were sampled, then inoculated and incubated in the laboratory as described. Concurrently, additional flowers left on the tree were hypanthium inoculated and enclosed in a polyethylene bag for 48 hours (enclosed trees) or 3-4 hours (non-enclosed trees). Flowers. were evaluated for disease 6 days after inoculation in 2002, 8-10 days after inoculation in 2004. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As reported previously, (Pusey, 2002 Pusey and Curry, 2004) maximum stigma age supporting..bacterial multiplication decreased as temperature increased, and was reduced somewhat bypo1lination. At 14°C in the laboratory, pollinated crab apple stigma' s'-were receptive to bacteria for 6-8 days,.as comparable to stigmas on apple trees exposed .to average temperatures of 15°C in 2002 and 10.9°C in 2004. At a constant of 24°C,.whi6h is* an unrealistically high temperature average during apple bloom, pollinated stigmas were receptive to bacteria for only 2 days. Similar experiments and results have already been discussdd (Pusey and Curry, 2004). The relation of flower age to infection via the hypanthium was likewise influenced by temperature, but little or not at all by pollination. Inoculation of newly opened flowers always resulted in 100% disease incidence. In the laboratory, infection of crab apple flowers declined to 50% incidence when flowers held at 14°C were inoculated at 6 days old; at 24°C, incidence decreased to 50% when flowers were inoculated at 3 days old. Infection of apple flowers declined to 50% incidence when inoculated at 4 or 5 days; this proved to be true whether, flowers were sampled and inoculated in the laboratory, or inoculated and evaluated while still attached to the trees. This assumes a relatively high inoculum level in the hypanthium and a wetness period extending for at least 3 hours. Results ofthe experiments, when viewed in light of multiple factors related to blossom infection, including inoculum level and water availability, are probably in line with the four-daydegree our approach in assessing the risk of fire blight (Smith, 1999). :sterenenbered that temperature conditions leading to the highest disease risk levels;. basedon theincreased potential of bacterial growth on flower stigmas, are also the conditions,that result in the shortest periods when stigmas can support such growth. An accurate.assessment of disease risk at the level of the flower requires further study of these and other interactions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thks toJanet Duffy, Brenda Steady, and Barbara Blaisdell for technical support.


Combining political economy and depth psychology, this article seeks to elucidate the socio-psychical underpinnings of neoliberalism's resilience following the global financial crisis. In explicating neoliberalism's reproduction, the analysis employs self psychologist Heinz Kohut's theorisation of narcissistic development. Kohut conceives narcissism as a normal condition driving self-formation, but claims that obstructions in its development result in impaired self-esteem and self-confidence, a lack of empathy and aggression against others and the self. The article argues that neoliberalism fosters and is reinforced by narcissistic configurations that impede the attainment of a more stable sense of self. The inability to attain narcissistic fulfilment through neoliberal sociality contributes to defensive and compensatory reactions that entrench neoliberalism's logic and, through economic performativity, manifest in what Kohut termed narcissistic rage. As an exemplar of this phenomenon, the article examines the emergence of popular neoliberalism in the form of the Tea Party.


OBJECTIVES
The aging brain shows decreased venous oxygenation predominantly in the frontal cortex, which seems sex- dependent. The authors hypothesized that age and sex would influence baseline regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) measured by the INVOS 5100.

DESIGN
Subanalysis of published data.

SETTING
Tertiary hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1,616 adults undergoing cardiac interventions.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Baseline rScO2 was recorded at room air and calculated as mean of the left and right rScO2. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 18- to- 49 years: young; 50- to- 74 years: middle-aged; and ≥75 years: elderly. The rScO2 was significantly different in the middle-aged (63 [56-69]) compared with the young participants (67 [59-74]; p < 0.001) and elderly participants (60 [55-66]; p < 0.001]. Women were significantly older compared with men (72 [62-79] v 66 [56-74]; p < 0.001]) and showed lower hemoglobin values (p < 0.001) and lower rScO2 (58 [52-63] v 65 [58-70]; p < 0.001]). Multiple regression analysis revealed age, sex, and hemoglobin as significant determinants of rScO2: 26.665 - (0.030 × age) + (2.581 × hemoglobin) + (2.799 × 0 for female sex).

CONCLUSIONS
Baseline rScO2, as measured by the INVOS 5100, decreases with advanced age and is lower in women. New definitions of cerebral oxygen desaturation need to be analyzed in future trials that will evaluate neurologic outcome in the aging population or in women.


We have examined the reactive ion etch (RIE) resistance of two families of 193 nm photoresist candidates, poly(methacrylates) and vinyl-polymerized poly(cyclic olefins), in three RIE processes. Correlation of these measurements to polymer structure and composition using known methods (Ohnishi and Ring Parameter fits) was moderately successful in demonstrating global trends but proved generally inadequate for providing quantitative predictions. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a new empirical structural parameter which provides a much more precise model for predicting RIE rates within a given family of polymers. The model is applicable across polymer platforms, with two caveats: (1) The methacrylate and cyclic olefin families examined to date fall on essentially parallel, offset curves when examined with the new model, (2) The offset between polymer family curves is RIE tool- and process-dependent. While these caveats imply a setback to the idea of a truly `universal' model, they may in fact represent a powerful and unanticipated feature; the model appears to separate chemical RIE processes which affect individual functionalities within a polymer from predominantly polymer-family dependent processes such as global backbone degradation. In the course of conducting these studies, we have encountered several potential pitfalls in the measurement of etch rates. These illustrate the complex nature of plasma: resist interactions and highlight the careful experimental design and controls that are required if meaningful RIE rate comparisons between polymer and resist families are desired.


Further to your news story, 'Regulator reveals plans to prevent enrolment of "damaged" students' (October 20), I am shocked by the way some students and nurses are labelled.


This paper is concerned with the Bayesian analysis of musical signals. The ultimate aim is to use Bayesian hierarchical structures in order to infer quantities at the highest level, including such quantities as musical pitch, dynamics, timbre, instrument identity, etc. Analysis of real musical signals is complicated by many things, including the presence of transient sounds, noises and the complex structure of musical pitches in the frequency domain. The problem is truly Bayesian in that there is a wealth of (often subjective) prior knwowledge about how musical signals are constructed, which can be exploited in order to achieve more accurate inference about the musical structure. Here we propose developments to an earlier Bayesian model which describes each component 'note' at a given time in terms of a fundamental frequency, partials ('harmonics'), and amplitude. This basic model is modified for greater realism to include non-white residuals, time-varying amplitudes and partials 'detuned' from the natural linear relationship. The unknown parameters of the new model are simulated using a variable dimension MCMC algorithm, leading to a highly sophisticated analysis tool. We discuss how the models and algorithms can be applied for feature extraction, polyphonic music transcription, source separation and restoration of musical sources.


This paper investigates the trend of assortative marriage with respect to education among a large Korean cohort born in the 1930s-1970s. The two-percent sample data from the 2000 Korean Census are used to investigate changes in the association between couples' educational attainment across time periods. A primary assumption of the study is that status distance inhibits social association, such as friendship and marriage. With increasing difference in status between individuals, the rate of social association between individuals is negatively correlated with status differences. Being one of the most important associations, this would suggest that marriage becomes less frequent with increasing status distance between potential spouses, thus producing assortative marriage with respect to social status. Various types of log-linear models and likelihood ratio statistic (L2)-distance measures are used to analyze the temporal change of educational assortative marriage. The main study findings are as follows. First, with Korea's rapid economic growth from the 1960s, the earlier birth cohorts show an increase of educational assortative marriage. Korea's unique historical experiences appear to heighten the importance of achieved status, such as educational attainment, as a new base of social hierarchy. Second, educational assortative marriage decreases among the later birth cohorts. However, this decrease does not necessarily tend to increase the general social openness because new types of status base, such as family background, emerge and gain increased importance in marriage selection in line with the increased stability of social stratification.


The model predictive control (MPC) becomes more and more popular for power converters due to its advantages in recent years. For the Two Stage matrix converter (TSMC), the modulated model predictive control (M2PC) strategy not only keeps all the features of the traditional MPC, but also with the fixed switching frequency characteristic, which helps to improve the steady-state performance. However, the computational burden is heavy to execute the M2PC, which becomes a barrier to increase the sampling frequency for the control system. In this paper, a hybrid modulated model predictive control (HM2PC) strategy is proposed by combining a new vector selection method designed for the rectifier stage with a dead-beat control method designed for the inverter stage. Benefiting from this control architecture, the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the computational burden. Compared to the M2PC strategy, the execution time is considerably reduced to $n$ without the control performance degradation. Moreover, the fixed switching frequency characteristic is also reserved. Comparative analysis and evaluation are carried out based on simulation and experimental results regarding the steady-state performance, dynamic performance, and execution time, which validate of the proposed strategy.


Purpose: To show if nonsimultaneous bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a safe and effective procedure for patients with bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Methods: Five patients (10 eyes), with keratoconus, underwent PKP separately in each eye. After an average PKP follow-up of 45.8 months per eye, (range, 19-92 months), each eye underwent 1-stage LASIK using the Visx Star S3 laser to correct its residual refractive error. We used the cycloplegic refraction as the target for the LASIK surgery. Each patient had his or her eyes done separately 3 weeks apart. Results: Pre-LASIK myopia averaged −3.93 ± 2.9 D, ranging from -10.00 to +0.75 D. Pre-LASIK astigmatism averaged -3.25 ± 0.80 D, ranging from -1.75 to −4.50 D. Mean pre-LASIK keratometry was 45.4 ± 2.6, ranging from 42.2 to 50.5. Uncorrected visual acuity pre-LASIK averaged 20/220, ranging from 20/60 to 20/400. Best-corrected spectacle visual acuity (BCSVA) pre-LASIK averaged 20/22, ranging from 20/20 to 20/30. Nine eyes had no complications. One eye had a flap buttonhole during LASIK, and surgery was aborted. No vision was lost in this eye. Mean follow-up after LASIK in the 9 eyes was 17 ± 15.2 months, (range, 4−56 months). Mean post-LASIK ametropia in these 9 eyes was +0.25 ± 0.45 D, ranging from -0.50 to +0.75 D. Average post-LASIK astigmatism was -0.33 ± 0.38 D, ranging from 0 to −0.75 D. In the 9 treated eyes, uncorrected vision post-LASIK averaged 20/25, ranging from 20/20 to 20/30. BCSVA post-LASIK averaged 20/21, ranging from 20/20 to 20/25. No lines of visual acuity were lost in any of the eyes. Conclusion: Young patients who have had bilateral PKP, with good postoperative vision and low levels of myopia, astigmatism, and minimal wound override, are good candidates for bilateral nonsimultaneous LASIK. Further studies can now be done on the performance of bilateral simultaneous LASIK in patients who have had corneal transplant surgery in both of their eyes.


The sugar industry has been a vital part of the economic and social life of modern Philippine society. John A. Larkin examines how both the Filipino people and colonizing forces participated in this industry and how two types of society emerged: one based on plantation agriculture, the other on tenant farming. Negros Occidental and Pampanga, the most important sugar-producing regions, are the focus of Larkin's study. Examining the rise of the elite plantation-owning class, the subsequent gap between the extraordinarily wealthy and the impoverished, and the nation's dependence on the international market, Larkin concludes that the sugar industry resulted in stunted economic development, wide cleavages among the Filipino people, and an imbalance of political power - effects that are still felt today.


Background: Nowadays, the relation between hypovitaminosis D and depression has been reported and it is estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. However, the oldest old people are not included or are under-represented in most of the studies. Objective: To examine the association between depressive symptoms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25(OH)Vit D) in elderly aged 80 and over who are physically more active and independent. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: Data collected from 182 oldest old people, aged 80 and over in the Geriatric Division from Federal University of São Paulo. Measurements: The functionality was evaluated by the Instrumental activities of their daily living (IADL). The approach of the depressive symptoms was done by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in its reduced 15 item version. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)Vit D) analyses was done in serum sample refrigerated and protected from solar exposition. We considered deficiency serum level of 25(OH)Vit D <10ng/mL, insufficiency between 10 and 30ng/mL and sufficiency >30ng/mL. Results: According to blood level of 25(OH)Vit D we found difference between GDS score comparing the groups: "deficiency" (U=144,50; z=-3,126; p=0,002) and "insufficiency" groups (U=975,50; z=-2,793; p=0.005) are different than "sufficiency" group. Conclusion: In free-living independent oldest old people the goal of 25(OH)Vit D levels can be higher to avoid depressive symptoms, levels under 30ng/mL can be inadequate. Considering that the costs are low and side effects are not common, 25(OH)Vit D supplementation can be an important public health action.


In 1992, Coherent Technologies, Inc. (CTI) developed a mobile coherent laser radar (Doppler lidar) testbed for the U.S. Air Force Wright Laboratory. Since that time, the mobile unit has been deployed on a number of remote measurement programs in the U.S. and abroad. The Doppler lidar is a flashlamp-pumped system operating at the eyesafe wavelength of 2.09 µm and has been described in detail elsewhere [1]. The system transmits 28 mJ, 175 nsec full width at half maximum (FWHM) pulses at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of ~5 Hz with a transmit/receive aperture size of 10 cm. Measurement applications to date include wake vortex detection and tracking for both civilian and military aircraft [2], windshear and turbulence quantification in and around airport terminals [3], volume backscatter coefficient profiling [4], wind profiling for improved ballistic and parachute drop accuracy, and hard target imaging and reflectivity characterization. This manuscript briefly summarizes sample results from a recent deployment at the site of the new Hong Kong airport. The Doppler lidar was used to characterize terrain-induced windshear and turbulence (TIWT) in the vicinity of the airport.


Acknowledgements. The Arrival of e-Commerce. The Evolution of Digital Finance. Financing Digital Finance. B2B e-Finance. B2C e-Finance. The Information of Business. The Digital Future. Appendix: The Digital Revolution. Bibliography. Index.


The main purpose of this work is to describe the use of the technique Site-Specific Natural Isotopic Fractionation of hydrogen (SNIF-NMR), using 2H and 1H NMR spectroscopy, to investigate the biosynthetic origin of acetic acid in commercial samples of Brazilian vinegar. This method is based on the deuterium to hydrogen ratio at a specific position (methyl group) of acetic acid obtained by fermentation, through different biosynthetic mechanisms, which result in different isotopic ratios. We measured the isotopic ratio of vinegars obtained through C3, C4, and CAM biosynthetic mechanisms, blends of C3 and C4 (agrins) and synthetic acetic acid.


Objective: To compare the harvestable donor septal cartilage among patients. Background: Trends in donor septal cartilage anatomy are not well quantified in the literature. Methods: Harvestable septal cartilage area and length (preserving a 1-cm L-strut) were measured on fine-cut maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) for 200 patients in four self-described racial/ethnic groups: African American, Asian American, European American, and Latin American. Height, sex, and age were recorded. Demographic variables were modeled by multivariate logistic regression to determine characteristics predictive of harvestable septal cartilage. Results: Older age, shorter height, African American or Asian American self-described race, and female sex were independently associated with smaller harvestable area and shorter length (all p < 0.05). On multivariate regression, Asian American [odds ratio (OR) 5.23, p = 0.005] and African American (OR 3.75, p = 0.015) patients were more likely than Latin American or European Americans patients have a smaller harvestable area. Age (OR 1.02, p = 0.043) and height (OR 0.94, p = 0.029) were also correlated with smaller cartilage area and length, respectively. Conclusions: CT scan and demographic characteristics predicted donor septal cartilage availability.


Even if POISSON's ratio reaches 0.5, neither M1(1) nor M1(2) can coincide with the first order of superficial liquid waves. Each branch of dispersive RAYLEIGH waves should correspond respectively to sin αH=0 or sin βH=0. The former is not other than the dispersion-curves of liquid waves. On the contrary, amplitudes must be zero on the latter. Not always does the first order of dispersive RAYLEIGH waves correspond to the first order of sin αH=0.


How can we classify graph-structured data only with positive labels? Graph-based positive-unlabeled (PU) learning is to train a binary classifier given only the positive labels when the relationship between examples is given as a graph. The problem is of great importance for various tasks such as detecting malicious accounts in a social network, which are difficult to be modeled by supervised learning when the true negative labels are absent. Previous works for graph-based PU learning assume that the prior distribution of positive nodes is known in advance, which is not true in many real-world cases. In this work, we propose GRAB (Graph-based Risk minimization with iterAtive Belief propagation), a novel end-to-end approach for graph-based PU learning that requires no class prior. GRAB models a given graph as a Markov network and runs the marginalization and update steps iteratively. The marginalization step estimates the marginals of latent variables, while the update step trains a classifier network utilizing the computed priors in the objective function. Extensive experiments on five datasets show that GRAB achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, even compared with previous methods that are given the true prior.


Speeding up gradient based methods has been a subject of interest over the past years with many practical applications, especially with respect to Deep Learning. Despite the fact that many optimizations have been done on a hardware level, the convergence rate of very large models remains problematic. Therefore, data parallel methods next to mini-batch parallelism have been suggested [4, 6, 5, 16, 12, 8, 18] to further decrease the training time of parameterized models using gradient based methods. Nevertheless, asynchronous optimization was considered too unstable for practical purposes due to a lacking understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Recently, a theoretical contribution has been made [14] which defines asynchronous optimization in terms of (implicit) momentum due to the presence of a queuing model of gradients based on past parameterizations. This thesis mainly builds upon this work, and [18] to construct a better understanding why asynchronous optimization shows proportionally more divergent behavior when the number of parallel workers increases, and how this affects existing distributed optimization algorithms. Furthermore, using our redefinition of parameter staleness, we construct two novel techniques for asynchronous optimization, i.e., agn and adag. This work shows that these methods outperform existing methods, and are more robust to (distributed) hyperparameterization contrary to existing distributed optimization algorithms such as downpour [4], (a)easgd [18], and dynsgd [8]. Additionally, this thesis presents several smaller contributions. First, we show that the convergence rate of easgd derived algorithms is impaired by an equilibrium condition. However, this equilibrium condition makes sure that easgd does not overfit quickly. Finally, we introduce a new metric, temporal efficiency, to evaluate distributed optimization algorithms against each other.


Frontal (FP) and sagittal (SP) plane knee kinematics contribute to knee abduction moment, a risk factor for non-contact ACL injury1. To date no single camera method to measure bi-planar knee kinematics has been widely employed. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a practical, FP video method to determine knee flexion angle (KFA). Twenty female basketball, soccer and volleyball players (N=20; Age: 15.9±1.3 yrs, height: 163.6±9.9 cm; body mass: 57.0±12.1 kg) performed 5 drop vertical jump trials from a 31 cm box. Motion was recorded with 3D motion analysis and a camcorder in the FP. KFA was expressed as a function of FP joint coordinates using vector analysis and known segment lengths. Continuous KFA was calculated for all 100 trials using FP joint center coordinates from 3D video analysis. Paired ttests and root mean squared (RMS) error was used to compare calculated and actual KFA throughout the contact phase. Joint center coordinates from FP video were digitized and KFA was calculated at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PKF). Range of motion (ROM) was defined as the difference between KFA at IC and PKF. Figure 1a presents mean KFA ± SEM vs. normalized time for 3D data and FP calculated KFA for all 100 trials. RMS error ± standard deviation with t-test results are as indicated. The average RMS error of the calculation across 100 trials was 5.51 ± 2.56o (95% CI = 5.01-6.02). Significant differences were noted primarily at low knee flexion. Figure 1b shows the relationship between ROM calculated from FP video and actual KFA. FP video analysis provides a simple, efficacious method to quantify bi-planar knee ROM. Use of this technique may facilitate clinic-based ACL injury risk screening with a simplified, accurate single camera approach.


Cyanoborane isomers and their acyclic and cyclic oligomers serve as useful models for studying properties of molecules with alternating electron-rich and electron-deficient groups. Static electric properties including electronic dipole moment, polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizabilities of three stable isomeric monomers - boranylmethanenitrile, borazirene and 1-(methanylidyne)borazan-1-ium-2-ide - have been calculated at the MP2, CCSD and CCSD(T) levels using various basis sets. In addition, frequency-dependent (hyper)- polarizabilities of the most stable isomer have been evaluated via the CCSD response theory.


In the field of sensorless drive of synchronous machines (SMs), many techniques have been proposed that can be applied successfully in most applications. Nevertheless, these techniques rely on the measurement of the phase currents to extract the rotor position information. In the particular case of low-power machines, the application of such techniques is challenging due to the limited bandwidth of the available current sensors. An alternative is offered by those techniques that exploit the star-point voltage rather than phase currents. This work aims at providing a model of the dynamic behavior of the star-point voltage and presenting a technique for extracting the rotor electrical position needed for sensorless operation of SMs. Two different circuitries for measuring the star-point voltage are also presented and then compared. The presented mathematical analysis and the measurement methods are validated both numerically and experimentally on a test machine.


This invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of halo substituted nitroarmomatics to the corresponding haloaromatic amines. More particularly, the invention concerns methods for effecting such hydro genations while minimizing or avoiding dehalogenation of the aromatic compound. It is known that nitro Substituted aromatic compounds can be effectively reduced to aromatic amines in the presence of various catalysts, including precious metal catalysts. It has been recognized that the catalytic reduc tion of halogen substituted nitroaromatics poses special problems in view of the fact that the halogen substituent in the aromatic compound is labile to hydrogenolysis, resulting in considerable dehalogenation during the hy drogenation process. Heretofore it has been proposed to use special catalysts, such as rhodium, to effect such reductions to produce aromatic amines while avoiding dehalogenation. The difficulty with rhodium as a catalyst has been the slow rate of reduction encountered with its use, and the art has proposed that activators such as calcium hydroxide be employed to overcome this prob len (U.S. 3,051,753). Prior workers in this field have recognized that plati nun is a preferred catalyst for effecting the reduction of halo substituted nitroaromatics to the corresponding amine, but because of the tendency of platinum to pro mote hydrogenolysis, have resorted to special reaction conditions for avoiding this undesirable side reaction. Thus, U.S. Patent 3,073,865 teaches a process employing platinum on carbon as a catalyst in conjunction with an oxide or hydroxide of magnesium, wherein the catalyst concentration is maintained within narrow and critical limits. When the amount of platinum catalyst is excessive, extensive dehalogenation occurs. According to the present invention, a novel process has been discovered whereby halogen substituted nitro aromatics can be reduced to the corresponding amine in the presence of a platinum catalyst while minimizing or entirely avoiding hydrogenolysis of the halogen substit lent.


Community detection from graphs has many applications in machine learning, biological and social sciences. While there is a broad spectrum of literature based on various approaches, recently there has been a significant focus on inference algorithms for statistical models of community structure. These algorithms strive to solve an inference problem based on a generative model of the network. Recent advances in stochastic gradient MCMC have played a crucial role in improving the scalability of these techniques. In this paper, we propose a version of a degree corrected stochastic block model and present an MCMC based inference algorithm. Experimental results on several real world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


e15012Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) constitute a spectrum of autoantibodies targeted to nuclear and cytoplasmic components of the cells considered serological markers for different auto...


The a -Fe2O3-SnO2 and a -Fe2O3-SnO2-Y2O3 materials were synthesized byusing chemical coprecipitation method. Microstructure and grain growth of thesematerials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 57Fe Mdssbauerspectroscopy. The experimental results show that Y2O3-dopping may restrain thegrowth of grains, and the size of the nanocrystalline a -Fe2O3-SnO2Y2O3 dependson the sintering temperature.


Let A be a regular local ring of dimension 3 and let u be an element of A not in the square of the maximal ideal. Gabber has shown that all projective modules over A[u-1] are free. An elementary proof of this fact is given here. In [G] Gabber proved the following result which confirms the first nontrivial case of a conjecture of Quillen [Q]. THEOREM (GABBER [G]). Let A be a regular local ring of dimension 3 with maximal idealm. Let u Em-m2'. Then all finitely generated projective Au-modules are free. Gabber's proof is rather complicated and makes use of nonabelian cohomology. I will give a very elementary proof here which follows the lines of Gabber's proof but avoids the technical difficulties. I would like to thank M. P. Murthy for numerous discussions of Gabber's proof. Many of his ideas and suggestions have been incorporated into this paper. I would also like to thank C. Huneke for pointing out an error, discovered by T. Marley, in an earlier version of this paper. All modules used in this paper will be assumed finitely generated. 1. Historical remarks. Quillen's conjecture arose in connection with the wellknown Bass-Quillen conjecture that all projective R[T]-modules are extended from R if R is regular. By [Q] it is enough to check this locally. CONJECTURE BQn. If R is a regular local ring of dimension n, every projective module over R[T] is free. This is known for n < 2 (Seshadri, Horrocks, Murthy, see [La]) and for geometric local rings [L]. Quillen shows that it is enough to show that projective modules over R(T) are free where R(T) = R[T]s, S = monic polynomials. Since R(T)-A, where x = T-1, A = R[x](m,x), this leads to Quillen's question. CONJECTURE Qn. If A is a regular local ring of dimension n and u E m -m2 then every projective Au module is free. Since dim A = dim R + 1, we see that Qn+i implies BQn. Therefore, unfortunately, Gabber's result does not imply any new cases of BQn. Qn is trivial for n < 2 since Au is a field for n < 1 and a principal ideal domain for n = 2. The case where A is geometric has been established by Bhatwadekar and Rao [BR]. Received by the editors October 31, 1986 and, in revised form, May 4, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 13C10; Secondary 18G05, 13H05. Supported in part by the National Science Foundation. (?)1988 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/88 $1.00 + $.25 per page


Turn-to-turn insulation testers have been widely used in motor industry, in order to make up for the shortage of traditional analog turn-to-turn insulation testers and improve intelligence level of test, digital transformation is taken for turn-to-turn insulation testers. The design uses MSP430F149 MCU as the main control chip, AD7663 as high-speed sampling chip, PDIUSBD12 as USB interface chip achieving communication between MSP430F149 MCU and upper computer, corresponding software is programmed in IAR Embedded Workbench and LabVIEW. Through digital transformation of the exiting tester, satisfactory effect is obtained.


The paper brings a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solution for defining optimal size and operational strategy of battery storage systems (BSS) integrated with fast charging electric vehicle stations (FCS). The idea emerged as a solution for issues arising from strategies promoting installations of fast charging electric vehicle stations. Short, high power period peaks of fast charging increase the volatility of voltage in distribution networks and result in line congestions, requiring grid reinforcements by the distribution system operator (DSO). Additionally, transmission system operators (TSO) need to treat these power spikes, characterized by uncertainty of occurrence, by ensuring additional system flexibility. Coupling battery storage systems with FCS so that they serve as a buffer between the power system, reducing the stress of fast charging, and the electric vehicle (EV) users, providing the desired comfort in terms of charging speed, create multiple benefits for system participants. The results of the developed optimization model demonstrate that there is a feasible investment case for the proposed concept even in cases where only energy arbitrage is in place. Uncertainty aspects, such as unknown time of EV arrival or energy required by EVs, are considered for multiple locations where FCS are going to be installed.


Abstract Student-athletes in the United States encounter a myriad of academic, athletic, and social challenges as they transition into their first year of college sport and life. During this transition, strengths-based, psychological skills programming can provide valuable skill-building education as well as awareness and development of social support resources. The purpose of this paper is provide an overview of the development and implementation of a resilience-based educational program to support student-athletes during the transition from high school into their first year of college, explore student-athlete perceptions of the program, and identify lessons learned for sport psychology practitioners.


Abstract Evidence suggests that care staff have difficulty recognizing offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and that they are reluctant to report such behaviour to the police. Whilst there has been speculation as to why there may be such reluctance, there are no empirical studies. In this study, questionnaires using vignettes of fictitious crimes were completed by 80 care staff in residential homes and 65 police officers. The fictitious perpetrators in the vignettes were described either as non-disabled or as having ID. Care staff and police ratings of causal attributions and affect were compared, and the effect of perpetrator status (with or without ID) was also examined. The findings confirmed that care staff are still reluctant to report incidents by people with ID to the police. Carer and police views were generally in accord concerning perpetrators without ID but there were significant differences between groups rating perpetrators with ID.


1 The steepest descent method is a commonly used algorithm for finding the minimum of a differentiable cost functional. At each iteration a descent is made at the direction of the negative gradient according to some step size selection scheme. Convergence of the algorithm to a point satisfying the necessary conditions for a local minimum can be proved under quite general assumptions. Cost functionals which are not differentiable arise naturalty in some situations including minimax problems2-. In addition some constrained minimization problems can be converted into unconstrained minimization problems with a nondifferentiable cost functional. For example2,8 the problem


The study aims at examining how macroeconomic indicators affect the performance of stock market in Malaysia. The paper employs the latest estimation macroeconomics indicators that affect the performance of stock market in Malaysia. Stock market seems to be volatile and the reasons for the rise and fall of the stock return can be very complicated. Stock market performance and economic condition of a country is interrelated and has been an important
debating issue. Thus, the macroeconomics factors can affect stock market performance in Malaysia. The sample data were derived from four variables such as exchange rate, gross domestic product, interest rate and foreign direct investment. The dependent variable is stock market performance and was indicated by using KLCI. The methods that will be used were multiple regressions and e-views. Thus, the independent variables are the exchange rate, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate and foreign direct investment. It can be used in order to identify the performance of stock market in Malaysia. Based on the theories, the result showed that there are positive and negative relationships towards the stock market performance


The decentralization process in Peru results in the Peruvian state not being a purely unitarystate anymore, but a decentralized state. In addition to the national government, regionalgovernments with their own competencies have been installed. In recent years, regionalgovernments have passed legislation on the region´s symbols. The aim of this analysis isto analyse whether this legislation on regional symbols is constitutional or not.


Post-stroke depression(PSD) is one of the common complications of stroke,which has an obvious effect on the recovery of the body function.Epidemiologic researches showed that about 30% stroke patients exist PSD,which hinders their recovery procedure,and prolongs their hospitalization time.This article summarized the clinical researches on treating PSD so as to probe into the curative effect,mechanism and further development of medication on PSD.


The purpose of this study was to clarify the geological and geomorphological background of rain-induced rock avalanche occurred in the Shimanto accretionary complex. We performed the detailed geological survey for the area of 5.4 km in the middle of the Kii Mountains in Japan. In this area, the two large rock avalanches (Akatani and Akatani-east, both have the volume over 10 m) induced by the heavy rain of Typhoon Talas in 2011. Using the 1 m DEMs made before and after the landslides, we performed the detailed geological survey and geomorphological analysis of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. We investigated the distribution of the thrust faults with the incohesive brittle facture zone in the mountain slopes and the inner structures of these thrusts. And, we performed the mineralogical analysis, permeability test and direct shear test to know the material features of the gouge. Around the Akatani landslide we investigated the faults distribution in the slope by boring data. As a result, we found out that the two large rock avalanches have the main sliding surfaces corresponding to the same thrust (we named the Kawarabi thrust) with the clayey brittle fracture zone with the maximum width of 6 m. Two landslides slid under the condition of wedge failure consisting of the Kawarabi thrust and some high-angle faults. It is estimated that the gravitational deformations started at the timing when the depth of the Kawarabi thrust under the slope toe reached the threshold value. The Kawarabi thrust has the clayey crushed materials to the surrounding rock mass, and form the discontinuity of ground water, and prevent the ground water flows, and builds up the pore water pressure in the heavy rain.


Previous studies have highlighted the importance of attitudinal and social change in making laws effective in their implementation. Moreover, scholarship on social movements found that one of the drivers of getting demands across the right platforms and being appropriately represented was by framing movements' goals into collective identities. How can framing issues and the socio-political context explain the progress of women's movements regarding violence against women?
I argue that in Turkey and the Philippines, women's movements redefined violence against women as a public issue by contesting the state rhetoric that domestic violence was an ungendered family matter, which led to the passing of protective laws against violence against women and more specifically on domestic violence. However, these movements' attempts in the two countries to affect policy saw different consequences given the unified agenda that they could follow and the political climate in which they could operate.


Aim. To check the association of sudden cardiac death (SCD) with mononucleotide polymorphisms rs62116755 gene GACAT3, rs12170546 gene PARVB, rs16994849 gene PLCB1, rs78143315 gene PDCD6IP, that were set as genetic markers of SCD in previous full-genome associative original study. Material and methods. Group of SCD (n=388, mean age 52,9±9,2 y.o., males — 77,2%, females — 22,8%) was formed by the SCD criteria of World Health Organization and European Society of Cardiology. Controls matched by sex and age (n=387, mean age 52,4±8,8 y.o., males — 62,3%, females — 37,7%) from the DNA banks of international studies MONICA, HAPIEE. Separation of DNA was done with the phenol-chlorophorm extraction. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction with further polymorphism analysis of the lengths of restrictional fragments. Results. There was no association with SCD of the mononucleotide polymorphisms rs62116755 gene GACAT3, rs78143315 gene PDCD6IP. In SCD group the number of TT carriers rs12170546 gene PARVB was significantly lower than in controls (OR =1,66, 95% CI 1,25-2,21, p=0,001; OR =0,67, 95% CI 0,50-0,90, p=0,009, respectively). In the group younger than 50 y.o. the number of GG carriers rs16994849 gene PLCB1 was significantly higher, and of genotype AA — lower, comparing to the controls (OR =4,92, 95% CI 1,01-23,20, p=0,032; OR =0,54, 95% CI 0,31-0,93, p=0,029, respectively). In males older than 50 the part of GG carriers rs16994849 gene PLCB1 was significantly lower than in control group (OR =0,11, 95% CI 0,01-0,91, p=0,024). Conclusion. Mononucleotide polymorphisms rs62116755 gene GACAT3, rs78143315 gene PDCD6IP were not related to SCD. Genotype ТТ of polymorphism rs12170546 gene PARVB is a genotype of risk of SCD, and genotype TC is protective. Genotype GG of polymorphism rs16994849 gene PLCB1 is the genotype of risk for SCD for those younger than 50 y.o. and is protective in those older than 50. Genotype AA of polymorphism rs16994849 gene PLCB1 is protective against SCD in those younger 50 y.o.


Based on analysis of the process and structure of economy,economic development model is built by system dynamics.With the model simulated,basic results show that,economy of China is still in an unsustainable situation,depending on natural resources and environment excessively.If natural resources would be exhausted rapidly and environmental pollution would be intensified persistently,economic system will eventually collapse.By adjusting policy parameters, we concluded two solutions to realize economic sustainable development,and three future situations,including economic unsustainable,basic economic sustainable,ideal economic sustainable.Then some policies and measures which should be taken to deal with problems we faced are put forward.


Neural crest cells are unique to vertebrates and generate most of the adult structures that distinguish them from their closest invertebrate relatives, the cephalochordates. To elucidate the molecular bases of neural crest evolution, I analyzed the expression, function, and cis-regulation of amphioxus genes with vertebrate homologs having established roles in neural crest development. By comparing these amphioxus genes with their agnathan and gnathostome homologs, I have uncovered genetic changes coincident with, and potentially causal to, the origins of neural crest. I demonstrate that three transcriptional regulators involved with neural crest development, AP-2, Id, and SoxE, were recruited to the neural plate border early in vertebrate evolution? implying that genetic cooption of high-order transcription factors was a major driving force in neural crest evolution. I also show that the function of the Snail protein in establishing the neural plate border was not significantly altered during vertebrate evolution, although vertebrate Snail genes may have evolved novel domains necessary for later functions in neural crest cells. Finally, I began characterizing the cis-regulation of vertebrate and amphioxus Slug/Snail orthologs to determine if divergent aspects of Snail gene expression (i.e., expression in neural crest cells) are reflected in structural differences in Snail cis-regulatory DNA. Using this 3-tiered approach I have begun to define the novel genetic regulatory interactions that drove the evolution of neural crest cells in the vertebrate lineage.


Lunyu, a record of Confucius' sayings and deeds compiled by his disciples, had great influence not only on the Chinese but also on the whole world. It was translated into many languages, among which there are more than 50 English versions. In Lunyu, Confucius employed a good number of terms to express his ideas on what good ethics and politics were, such as ren and li. Due to cultural differences, it is a great challenge for translators to find English equivalents of these culture-specific items. The paper will discuss the translation of two main concepts in Lunyu – ren and li through the comparison of five English versions and try to find out the proper method to translate the Chinese culture-specific items in the book.


Abstract Tissue microassay technology represents a radical improvement in our ability to visualize molecular targets in multiple tissue sections. Available at the DNA, RNA, or protein level, literally thousands of tissue samples can be analyzed in one single procedure on a single glass slide. This breakthrough has vast implications for ous ability to evaluate genes on a large scale and thereby to investigate their roles in carcinogenesis. Research in melanoma repreSentS one potential area within which this information could prove invaluable, and only just recently has tissue microarray technology been used in this pursuit. (The J Histotechno 1 26:271, 2003)


Rheology is the study of how materials deform and flow under the influence of external forces. Understanding the background to this science is essential when formulating modern paint systems. Rheological additives control the flow characteristics of a system. They not only "thicken" a liquid, they also modify the flow behavior and structure in a predictable way to control sag resistance, storage stability, application behavior, spatter resistance, leveling, film thickness, and film appearance.


The article discusses topical issues in the field of management psychology; analyzed the directions of work of managers in aspects of staff motivation, as well as methods for resolving conflicts within the team


ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis work for suitable signal modulation schemes on Narrowband 3 kHz HF channels. The most efficient power for each constellation size in QAM and PSK schemes are calculated in the 3 kHz channel. In addition to simulation proofs, the results were proven in real experiments. In a simulated work, the data were tested through two channel types; AWGN and Waterson channel. While in real scenario data are transmitted from Tehran to Semnan city. For both the simulated and real scenarios, two modulation schemes, QAM and PSK, were tested. It was proved that 32 QAM has the best performance over Narrow Band 3 kHz HF channels. The results are considered a good reference for later enhancement of non-contiguous techniques or 3 kHz single tone in order to enhance the bit rate for any HF link.


Strain gauge balances (SGBs) are efficient and accurate means of static force measurement. However, due to their inherent elastic characteristics, they lack desired performance when used in dynamic loading conditions. In this paper, a novel technique is presented that remedies their inherent weakness in measuring dynamic periodic forces. The proposed method produces a correction factor to compensate the measured loading in dynamic situations. For this purpose, first an analytical investigation is performed to determine the structural dynamic behavior of a typical SGB system via the modal approach. This analytical investigation leads to identification of the structural interference effects that occurs on the SGB output in dynamic scenarios and renders the desired validated dynamic correction factor for periodic loading correction. The proposed methodology allows for extraction of the true SGB signal and/or loading out of the complex erroneous SGB output. As a case study, a periodic loading is measured via two different balances and the results are compared with and without taking into account the correction factor. The result of this investigation demonstrates that the introduced correction factor plays a crucial role in dynamic force estimation, especially when the loading frequency approaches the natural frequencies of the balancing system structure.


With the characteristics of the nonmonotonic logic and defeasible inference, abductive reasoning has been formalized in the field of artificial intelligence, dealing with the local pragmatics (e.g., the resolution of coreference, resolving syntactic and lexical ambiguity and interpreting metonymy and metaphor), recognizing discourse structure and even the speaker's plan and other issues for natural language understanding. However, Hobbs' analysis of abduction in recognizing the speaker's plan was conducted only from the point of view of the verbal information processing that the listener does. To demonstrate the collaborative way that conversational partners working together to understand the logic of human acts and their intentions, this article analyzes the two conversations about the parents questioning their children's intention for their acts with an abductive reasoning method. The results show that children and parents co-construct segments of discourse with coherence relations across several conversational turns, by that way they build together a simplified framework for understanding the logic of human acts and their intention. For example, when the father and his children co-constructed coherent segments of discourse with the result relation between them, they completed the particular intention understanding at the same time. This research helps in enriching the logic structure of artificial intelligence applications such as visual question answering models and enhancing their reasoning abilities.


There is a recent and increasing trend in the incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Ki-67 proliferative index is required for routine pathologic evaluation of PNETs. This index has been found to be a consistent prognostic factor to assess clinical/prognostic outcome of PNETs. Unfortunately, we still lack a standardized method to reliably obtain the Ki-67 proliferative index. As part of a large study to standardize this index, here we present an accurate, easy-to- use, reproducible method to identify tumor nuclei and hotspots within PNETs. We modified the U-Net image segmentation architecture to identify tumor positive and negative nuclei. We also introduced the concept of local depth for identification of hotspots. On an independent test set of 8 whole slide images, the modified U-Net achieved a sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 93.3%. The hotspot detection framework resulted in a dice coefficient of 0.81. The method has the potential to not only facilitate the detection of tumor nuclei, but can be adapted to reproduce hotspots by pathologists.


The feature of the process of the invention for finding the forces and moments affecting a vehicle on its passage through a fluid (relative wind) is that the fan moment Mlu or the fan power Plu derived therefrom and to be included which is generated by the fan effect of a wheel rim (17) is also detected. It is thus possible to reach close correspondence between wind-tunnel tests and actual road tests. The process of the invention is preferably applied with 24-components scales and "bridges" or 6-component scales.


Several redox systems with reactants which are immobilized at the electrode surface (EuSal complex, SeIV and SeIV in the presence of CuII, cysteine and p-nitrophenol) were studied by square-wave voltammetry to examine whether their redox kinetics can be measured by using the phenomenon of the 'quasireversible maximum'. This is explained in detail. The following standard rate constants are obtained: EuSal complex ks = 720 ± 31 s−1, SeIV/CuII, log [ks/(cms−1)] = 0.94 ± 0.9, cysteine, log [ks/(cms−1)] = 0.6 ± 0.9 and p-nitrophenol, ks > 1200 ± 50 s−1.


Emotions serve as a communicative function both within the brain and within the social group. Most of previous opinion mining studies applied on Arabic microblog text to identify positive, negative or neutral polarity. This paper studies the problem of detecting multiple emotion classes in Arabic microblog text (e.g. Twitter). Incoming Arabic microblog text is classified into one of fine grained emotional classes {happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust or none} if exists or mixed emotion if text contains multiple emotions e.g. {Happiness/Fear} or {Anger/Disgust}. We applied a combined approach of lexicon approach and Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach. We use a conditioned plot to classify and analyze the text by generating a two dimensional graphic analysis space, one dimension represents observations (tweets) and the other represents our variables (5 emotional scores). The experimental results show that our proposed approach by using the conditioned plot able to classify text into different fine grained emotions, and also able to classify Arabic text with mixed emotions.


Gene expression profiling of prostate carcinoma offers an alternative means to distinguish aggressive tumor biology and may improve the accuracy of outcome prediction for patients with prostate carcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy.


Abstract Objective This study provides information on clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and associated risk factors of spontaneous septic elbow arthritis in the dog. Methods Medical records between March 2007 and June 2015 were searched for cases of spontaneous septic elbow arthritis with a diagnosis based on clinical signs, arthrocentesis, cytological and microbiological analysis of elbow joint synovial fluid, radiography and outcome following treatment. Results Twenty-one cases of septic arthritis were identified. Pre-existing osteoarthritis was present in 14/15 elbows for which diagnostic imaging was available. Although all cases had increased neutrophil count on synovial fluid cytology, culture was only positive in 12/21. Despite initial improvement in lameness scores (pre-treatment 9/10 [range: 1–10] versus post-treatment 3/10 [range: 1–5]), 11/12 had residual long-term lameness. Recurrence of infection was noted in 3/12 elbows for which long-term (>8 weeks) follow-up was available. There was an acute mortality rate of 2/21 associated with severe systemic sepsis. Clinical Significance Septic arthritis, even in the absence of pyrexia, should be considered as a major differential diagnosis in middle aged, large breed dogs, with pre-existing elbow arthritis, that suffer an acute onset lameness, with elbow joint effusion and discomfort. Antibiotic therapy alone was effective for treatment with high initial response rates. Chronic lameness post-treatment was common, and a high rate of recurrence was seen with 3/12 dogs suffering more than one episode.


In order to examine national developments in traffic safety, crash statistics from several of the more developed countries are compared with those of the United States. Data obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) are analyzed. Trend analysis for the countries included, the United States, the European Community, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia, show that all regions have experienced decreases over time in the fatality rate per 100,000 population as well as the fatality rate per 100,000 registered vehicles. Fatality data are partitioned by age group, travel type, and roadway type. A variety of problems in collecting and analyzing international data is presented with some recommendations for further improvement.


461Background: Standard treatment for advanced UC is chemotherapy (CT) combining CI and G. 70% of pts with UC are over 65 and 40% of them are unfit for CI because of IRF or comorbidities. CA replac...


Nitrogen (N) nutrition in pristine peatlands relies on the natural input of inorganic N through atmospheric deposition or biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation. However, N2 fixation and its significance for N cycling, plant productivity, and peat buildup are mostly associated with the presence of Sphagnum mosses. Here, we report high nonsymbiotic N2‐fixation rates in two pristine Patagonian bogs with diversified vegetation and natural N deposition. Nonsymbiotic N2 fixation was measured in samples from 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 40 to 50 cm depth using the 15N2 assay as well as the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). The ARA considerably underestimated N2 fixation and can thus not be recommended for peatland studies. Based on the 15N2 assay, high nonsymbiotic N2‐fixation rates of 0.3–1.4 μmol N2 g−1 day−1 were found down to 50 cm under micro‐oxic conditions (2 vol.%) in samples from plots covered by Sphagnum magellanicum or by vascular cushion plants, latter characterized by dense and deep aerenchyma roots. Peat N concentrations point to greater potential of nonsymbiotic N2 fixation under cushion plants, likely because of the availability of easily decomposable organic compounds and oxic conditions in the rhizosphere. In the Sphagnum plots, high N2 fixation below 10 cm depth rather reflects the potential during dry periods or low water level when oxygen penetrates the top peat layer and triggers peat mineralization. Natural abundance of the 15N isotope of live Sphagnum (5.6 δ‰) from 0 to 10 cm points to solely N uptake from atmospheric deposition and nonsymbiotic N2 fixation. A mean 15N signature of −0.7 δ‰ of peat from the cushion plant plots indicates additional N supply from N mineralization. Our findings suggest that nonsymbiotic N2 fixation overcomes N deficiency in different vegetation communities and has great significance for N cycling and peat accumulation in pristine peatlands.


Petungkriyono is one of the districts located in the Pekalongan Region. Petungkriyonoarea has the hill and also deep valley morphology. That morphology caused the highpotential of the landslide in this area. Petungkriyono not only has the high potential ofthe landslide but also has the potential of tourist destinations, high production ofplantation commodities such as coffee, tea, vegetables and etc. Local governmentneeds to develop all positive potential in Petungkriyono, they need to build thesupporting infrastructure and the process of construction has to give attention toa potential hazards (landslide). Because of that, the risk map of the landslide in thisarea is important for infrastructure development and disaster risk reduction. In thisresearch used union methods of landslide mapping. The scoring system in thismethod based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Chief of National DisasterManagement Authority No. 2 Th. 2012 (Perka BNPB No. 2 Tahun 2012) aboutdisaster risk assessment guidelines. The risk map has three parameters, that arepotential of landslide map, vulnerability map, and the map of community capacity toface the hazard. The analyses are using ArcMap with overlay analyses. The result ofthe Petungkriyono risk map showed 0.345km2areas located in the low risk oflandslide, 4,17 km2areas located in the middle risk of landslide, and 79,2 km2located athigh risk of landslide. Because of that increased capacity of people to face thehazard for mitigation is very important in Petungkriyono.


610 Harmonic Mitigation using D-STATCOM with Renewable Energy Sources for improved Power Quality using Intelligent Controller Dr. N. Samba Siva Rao1, Mochi Lavanya Devi Bai2 1Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Agiripalli, Andhra Pradesh, India 2PG Scholar Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Agiripalli, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT


In the middle of the nineteenth century the pioneering research of Wilhelm Hofmeister (1824-1877, Professor in Heidelberg and TUbingen) put the ontogenesis of plants in the centre of botany in Germany. The comparison of the alternation


Nowadays, there is increasing importance of the remaining life time estimation of engineering structures. In this work the thermal shock fatigue process induced deterioration of the three different power plant steels was investigated. The tested steels are widely used as steam pipeline base material of power plants. The applied thermal shock fatigue test can model the material degradation due to long term service in high temperature environment. A special AC magnetometer was designed and used for the magnetic measurements at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of BUTE. In this paper a new high sensitivity magnetic measurement is presented for controlling the thermal shock fatigue deterioration. This measurement technique was developed for non-destructive testing of pipelines and pressure vessels of steam power plants.


Over the last few years Agile methodologies usage by the information technology industry considerably increased, due to the high productivity and quality of the products created, among other factors. In this scenario, software factories that traditionally applied waterfall methodology for development initiatives are starting to use Agile frameworks as Scrum or XP. This article presents a comparative analysis between the traditional model (waterfall) and the Agile model on the software factories context, describing the main topics that must considered in order appraise a proper methodology, through a comparative matrix.


The essay intends to examine the relationship between cognitive therapy, represented by Judith S Beck's texts, and society from a poststructural viewpoint. The motive is to demonstrate psychologies, in particular cognitive therapies, position and influence within social discourse. I intend to undermine possible truthregimes and to discuss the potential for deconstruction within cognitive therapy. The method has been formulated from Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and Carla Willig's foucauldian discourse analysis. Besides Beck's texts the essay material is derived from examining poststructural theory in different ways recounted to Derrida's deconstructive approach. The analysis of the material shows that there are opportunities to use cognitive techniques while incorporating societal factors. Whether this is desirable or not has been left open.


The proper method of assessing the worth of an attorney's professional services is a subject which has always exercised the minds of practitioners and is now the direct concern of the assessors or assessment committees of the law societies.


In recent years, the development of information technology and data mining algorithms has penetrated into all aspects of people's lives, and the design of a data processing system for senior high school physical fitness test can use computer technology to alleviate the difficulties and pressure of manual statistics. The purpose of this paper is to study the design of a data processing system for senior high students' physical fitness test based on data mining algorithms. Based on the needs of senior high school fitness tests, a senior high school physical fitness test data processing system was developed for the first time, which can import the test data into the database and introduce the PFT-OI algorithm. The experiment mainly compared the PFT-OI algorithm with k-mean clustering, and proved that the PFT-OI algorithm has better detection rate.


An experiment was conducted to find out the effects of different hosts on biology of green lacewing {Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) } and their feeding potential of prey under laboratory conditions at 26±2°C and 65±5% relative humidity (RH) during 2010–11. The results indicated that the incubation period of eggs of C. carnea females feeding on different hosts as larvae was different on different host from each other. The biology of C. carnea was completed in 26 days on Aphis craccivora, followed by Aphis gossypii (31 days) and Corcyra cephalonica (45 days). A single larva of C. carnea consumed A. gossypii and 97.33 eggs of Corcyra cephalonica, followed by A. gossypii (80.0±2.65 nymphs/adults) and A. craccivora (64.33±0.67 nymphs/adults) per day. However, all the three larval instars of C. carnea consumed 369.00±6.11 eggs of C. cephalonica, followed by A. gossypii (277.67±4.37 nymphs/adults) and A. craccivora (206.67±1.86 nymphs/adults) during the whole larval period.


A mathematical model of the relation between ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, time of ultrasonic wave and the extraction ratio of polyphenol in oil-tea seed residue has been established by means of quadratic general rotary unitize design and ultrasonic wave cooperated method. Fuction graphs of single process parameter and double process parameter contribution to extraction ratio are drawn. The optimum extraction technology is obtained.


In this paper, an adaptive interleaving scheme for multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is proposed. The scheme could better exploit the instantaneous channel variation by rearranging the transmitted symbols according to the quasi-instantaneous channel SNR of the OFDM frame. The purpose is to break up a long burst channel error so that overall bit error probability is reduced. The upper bound of pair wise error probability (PEB) of the MIMO-OFDM systems is investigated. The code gain and diversity gain of the proposed scheme are given. The result shows that the major factor affecting performance of the proposed scheme is SNR, channel order and the number of receive antenna. Extensive simulations show that significant SNR can be obtained with the proposed scheme and the MIMO-OFDM case has a performance improvement over the single antenna case. Compared with block interleaving, for 2Tx-2Rx case at a BER of 10/sup -2/, adaptive interleaving offers a 5 dB improvement.


On December 22, 2017, President Donald J. Trump signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Act").1 The Act is the most comprehensive tax reform package since the Tax Reform Act of 1986. The Act contains sweeping changes to corporate and individual tax rates, deduction limitations, foreign income taxation, and the tax treatment of pass-through entities (PTEs) such as S corporations and limited liability companies. In this article, we will discuss the valuation-related characteristics of the Act and provide a series of conceptual solutions that address these characteristics. These solutions address the tax law changes as well as the changing nature of the absolute and relative values of C corporations ("C corps") and PTEs. We will focus the discussion on tax attributes as they relate to businesses operating in the U.S. The foreign tax characteristics of the Act are complicated and deserving of another article devoted solely to these issues. In this article, we will not address valuation issues ...


To construct the index system of influencing factors for the successful implementation of ERP system and identify the key influencing factors and their ranking, so as to provide factor reference and policy guidance for the practice process of the implementation of ERP system in the manufacturing industry. In the successful implementation of ERP published five years related text using Nvivo software on the basis of objective data, using qualitative research method of grounded theory to level 3 codes, to build index system of ERP system implementation success factors, and applied to decision making and laboratory (DEMATEL) algorithm to determine important degree of the factors affecting the successful implementation of ERP system. From the four levels of organization, personnel, technology and environment, 13 related indexes were constructed to influence the successful implementation of ERP system, and the key factors were identified: the strength of management support, the level of institutional management, the quality of the system, the strategic literacy level and the strength of education and training. The construction of index system of ERP system implementation success factors from the perspective of exploratory excavation and improve the ERP system online implementation of intrinsic connection between the relevant factors in the process perfects in on-line implementation and maintenance for manufacturing ERP system to provide the reference in the process of theoretical basis, so as to improve the success rate of enterprise implement ERP and provides relevant policy suggestions and reference.


Abstract In 1936, a 10.7-acre lake in Otsego County, Michigan, was treated with rotenone to eliminate a population of stunted yellow perch. An attempt to recover the entire population yielded 4,817 stunted perch, 27 trout in poor condition, and four species of minnows. The weight of what was assumed to be the total population was 516 pounds or slightly more than 50 pounds per acre. In 1937, an experimental planting of Montana grayling was made which was not successful owing to unauthorized introduction of bluegills about the same time. In 1941, 5,000 fingerling brook trout were stocked, but proved unable to compete with the rapidly increasing bluegill population and disappeared 4 years later. In 1943, walleyes were introduced in the hope of reducing the bluegill population to a point where survivors could make satisfactory growth. In 1946, when rotenone reappeared on the civilian market, the lake was treated with poison again, and an attempt made to recover the entire population. The total weight of fish ...


The study untook a review of talent management and mass exodus of youths in the Nigeria's health sector with specific interest in Federal Medical Centres. Two objectives of rewards and recognition and Human capital strategy were reviewed along two hypotheses. These reviews were empirical in nature and a sample size of 124 respondent's guided the study. Findings revealed statistically a significant relationship between the objectives and mass exodus of our youths leaving that sector in a state of decay. Arguably, the study recommended high recognition for talent and human resource development in that sector a. Similarly, conclusions was drawn that talent management is a vital aspect of employees commitment to service which enhances service delivery and performance.


A new voltage-tunable two-order GaAs/AlGaAs multistacks quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) has been investigated in this work. The infrared photodetector consists of GaAs/AlAs/AlGaAs double barrier quantum wells (DBQWs) and GaAs/AlGaAs square quantum wells (SQWs) with photovoltaic and photoconductive dual-mode operation in the 3 approximately 5.3 micrometers and 7.5 approximately 12 atmosphere windows. Experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on the device physics of the intersubband transitions based on photoexcitation from ground state to different upper subbands including quasibound subband in DBQWs to virtual energy levels within the continuum in SQWs. These allow a better understanding of the optical and transport behaviors of the QWIP. The unique performance and very simple voltage-tunable switching behavior of the two-color GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP are expected to be quite competitive with HgCdTe and InSb infrared photodetectors for large area staring array imaging and two- color or multi-color detecting applications where material uniformity and simple device technology are important.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


This paper presents a similarity-based fuzzy learning approach with a two-layer optimization scheme to make fuzzy systems more compact and accuracy. Two ways to improve fuzzy learning algorithms are considered in this paper, including the pruning strategy for simplifying the structure of fuzzy systems and the optimization scheme for parameters optimization. So far as the pruning strategy is concerned, the purpose aims at refining the fuzzy rule base by the similarity analysis of fuzzy sets, fuzzy numbers, fuzzy membership functions or fuzzy rules. Through the similarity analysis, the complete rules can be probably kept by decreasing the redundant rules in the rule base of fuzzy systems. Moreover, the optimization scheme can be regarded as a two-layer parameters optimization in the entire work, because the parameters of the initial fuzzy model have been fine tuning by two phases gradation on layer for discovering a better local minimum.


Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have provided affordable but errorful ways to generate raw genetic data. To extract variant information from billions of NGS reads is still a daunting task which involves various hand-crafted and parameterized statistical tools. Here we propose a deep neural networks (DNN) based alignment and single nucleotide variant (SNV) identifier tool known as DAVI: deep alignment and variant identification. DAVI consists of models for both global and local alignment and for variant calling. We have evaluated the performance of DAVI against existing state-of-the-art tool sets and found that its accuracy and performance is comparable to existing tools used for bench-marking. We further demonstrate that while existing tools are based on data generated from a specific sequencing technology, the models proposed in DAVI are generic and can be used across different NGS technologies as well as across different species. The use of DAVI will therefore help non-human sequencing projects to benefit from the wealth of human ground truth data. Moreover, this approach is a migration from expert-driven statistical models to generic, automated, self-learning models.


In‐situ observations of spatial variations of the wave‐particle interaction region require a large number of satellite probes. As an alternative, flash‐type auroras, a kind of pulsating aurora, driven by discrete chorus elements, can be used to investigate the interaction region with a high spatial resolution. We estimated the spatial extent of wave‐particle interaction region from ground‐based observations of flash aurora at Gakona (62.39°N, 214.78°E), Alaska at subauroral latitudes, and found that the auroral expansion was predominantly to the low‐latitude side. The spatial displacement is thought to be caused by the propagation effects of chorus waves in the magnetosphere. Using ray tracing analysis to take into account chorus wave propagation, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal evolution of the volume emission rate and confirmed that the predominant expansion is toward the lower‐latitude side in the ionosphere. This study shows that chorus wave propagation in the magnetosphere gives new insight for characterizing the transverse size (across the geomagnetic field line) of wave‐particle interaction regions. The calculated spatial scale of the column auroral emission shows a correlation with the magnetic latitude of the resonance region at magnetic latitudes within 10° of the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere. Our results suggest that the spatial scale of a flash aurora is indirectly related to the chorus amplitude because the latitudinal range of the wave‐particle interaction is important for the growth of wave amplitude.


Abstract The Beerkan method consists of a ponded infiltration experiment from a single ring inserted a small depth into the soil. Fixed, small volumes of water are repeatedly poured into the ring to maintain a quasi-zero head on the soil surface. According to the standard Beerkan infiltration run, a new water volume is poured on the infiltration surface when the previously applied volume has completely infiltrated and the soil surface is entirely exposed to air (ta criterion). However, water could also be applied when the soil exposition to air begins (to criterion) or half the soil surface is exposed to air (tm criterion). The effect of the infiltration time criterion on determination of the water transmission properties of a sandy-loam soil was tested. As compared with the standard ta criterion, the two alternative criteria (to, tm) yielded higher and/or more variable estimates of soil water transmission properties. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, was the most sensitive property to the infiltration time criterion. However, statistically significant differences for Ks were not practically substantial since they did not exceed a factor of 1.7. Infiltration time effects likely occurred due to differences between ponding depth of water, soil water pressure head gradient, air entrapment and soil mechanical disturbance. The standard ta criterion was suggested for performing a Beerkan experiment in the field since it appears to yield the most reliable estimates of a mean value. However, the to criterion could be considered in dual permeability soils to maintain macropores active. Factors that could appear minor in the context of an experiment can have statistically relevant effects on water transmission properties.


Objective To explore the preventive effect of Castor oil on the skin penetration by cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum (and to reduce the incidence of the disease). Methods After oral administration(0.3 ml/animal·d) or skin application (0.15 ml/cm2·d) of Castor oil, mice were exposed via skin to cercaria of S. japonicum(60±2). 40 days after the infection, the animals were dissected for number of imago. Results Comparison between experimental group and control group showed a significant difference. Conclusion Castor oil, wheather given orally or curtaneously, can substantially reduce the cercarias ability to penetrate skin.


Peat bog pools are rare and fragmented in the Western Balkans. Thus, aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and the implications for microhabitat loss in these ecosystems are poorly known. Aquatic oligochaetes, widely used as indicators, were sampled using a benthos net in the largest and oldest Croatian bog, in four main water body types: a pond, a deep pool, a shallow pool and a ditch. As these microhabitats lack spatial replication both in the studied bog and in the region, we applied a nested study design with replicates sampled over time. We found a species‐rich aquatic oligochaete fauna, with 11 taxa recorded. Oligochaete communities were strongly affected by vegetation complexity and the morphology of bog water bodies, namely, their size and depth. As revealed by generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs), taxon richness and abundance were significantly higher in the ditch than in other water body types. This could be attributed to the vegetation complexity, supporting many different niches and providing allochthonous food supplies for oligochaetes. The various bog pools contribute to regional biodiversity and promote distinct patterns in the spatial distribution of oligochaetes. However, the predominance of ubiquitous oligochaetes, with high taxon richness, might indicate the degradation of the studied peat bog. This was further confirmed by the spread of vascular plants to the bog area and higher pH water values. All these warning signals suggest that hydro‐ecological conditions should be urgently improved in order to preserve communities in the bog studied.


Gemcitabine‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is believed to be very rare, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.015%. Indications for gemcitabine are expanding, and comprehensive characterization of this complication is therefore important.


[eng] The position of meat in various types of agriculture measures which could influence their evolution . The great diversity within French agriculture makes necessary an analysis of the reaction of these different types to government measures in order that an efficient policy of encouragement of beef may be defined. Farms are classified in homogeneous sub-groups according to their behaviour when faced with growth area and stock between 1963 and 1967. . This classification bears out the hypothesis according to which it is the coincidence between the periods favourable to autofinancing in the family, a favorable market situation and, perhaps, some form of technical progress, which brings about a growth in family farms. . The most developed ones have an average size of 18-20 hectares in 1963 and include the highest proportion of young farmers. The farms are in first phase of life, that is to say they are set up and are getting off the ground. The type of stock-raising practised (young, lean animals, or fattening of steers) depends on the type of growth adopted : development or similarity with use of factors at the beginning of growth. . A coherent policy must have influence at all levels : production of lean meat, fattening, slaughtering, sales. The limitation of the production of lean meat prevents any rapid increase in the production of meat and makes the setting up of industrial forms of fattening difficult. . In some regions in Central France, it is possible to turn towards the ranch-type farm. More generally an intensive, integrated system seems to be the easiest solution to generalize. It all depends on the future evolution of land structures an the professional qualifications of the breeders. An excessive increase in age in the active population engaged in agriculture could prevent the efforts to rationalize stock-raising. [fre] L'extreme diversite des agricultures francaises oblige, pour definir une politique efficace d'encouragement de la viande bovine, a analyser leurs reactions aux mesures gouvernementales. Les exploitations agricoles sont regroupees en sous-secteurs, homogenes, selon leur comportement vis-a-vis de la croissance en surface et en cheptel entre 1963 et 1967. . Cette typologie verifie l'hypothese selon laquelle la coincidence entre les periodes favorables a l'autofinancement dans la famille, une bonne conjoncture sur les marches, et eventuellement l'existence d'un progres technique, entraine une croissance des exploitations familiales. . Celles qui se sont le plus developpees ont une taille moyenne (18 a 20 ha en 1963) et comprennent la proportion la plus elevee de jeunes chefs d'exploitation. Elles se situent dans la premiere phase de leur vie, a savoir l'installation et le demarrage. Le type d'elevage pratique (animaux jeunes et maigres, ou engraissement de bœufs) depend du type de croissance adopte : developpement ou homothetie. . Une politique coherente doit agir a tous les maillons de la chaine : production de maigre - engraissement - abattage - vente. L'etroitesse de la production de maigre empeche tout accroissement rapide de la production de viande et rend difficile l'installation de formes industrielles d'engraissement. . Dans quelques regions du Centre, il est possible de s'orienter vers le «ranch» extensif. Plus generalement, un systeme integre intensif parait etre la solution la plus facile a generaliser. Tout depend de l'evolution future des structures foncieres et de la valeur professionnelle des eleveurs. Un vieillissement excessif de la population active agricole peut bloquer les efforts faits pour rationaliser l'elevage.