The present invention provides a therapeutic combination comprising voriconazole and an antifungal CYP2C19 inhibitor in specific amounts, and weight ratio. The barley to Kona their use in the sol, and the antifungal CYP2C19 inhibitor pharmaceutical composition comprising, in unit dosage formulations and kits, and treatment of fungal infections are also provided. Voriconazole, CYP2C19, fungal infections, fluconazole


We present a detailed description of the formation of bright solitary waves in optical lattices. To this end, we have considered a ring lattice geometry with large radius. In this case, the ring shape does not have a relevant effect in the local dynamics of the condensate, while offering a realistic setup to implement experiments with conditions usually not available with linear lattices (in particular, to study collisions). Our numerical results suggest that the condensate radiation is the relevant dissipative process in the relaxation towards a self-trapped solution. We show that the source of dissipation can be attributed to the presence of higher-order dispersion terms in the effective mass approach. In addition, we demonstrate that the stability of the solitary solutions is linked with particular values of the width of the wave packet in reciprocal space. Our study suggests that these critical widths for stability depend on the geometry of the energy band, but are independent of the condensate parameters (momentum, atom number, etc.). Finally, the nonsolitonic nature of the solitary waves is evidenced showing their instability under collisions.


An important step in the hollow glass forming process is the pressing of glass with a so called plunger. As the plunger is in direct contact with the about 1100°C hot glass, it is exposed to a significant heat input and therefore has to be cooled to avoid sticking of the glass. In practice the cooling is done with air, which is fed to plunger inside by a bored cooling tube (cooler). This study describes the development and validation of a 3D model that predicts the flow and temperature distribution in plunger and cooler setups. With this tool the governing parameters for the plunger/cooler set-up are determined. The work was done as an IPGR (International Partners in Glass research) project. The IPGR is a worldwide research consortium of today seven glass plants. Besides very close co-operations in benchmark projects, fundamental R & D projects are funded. The scope of the IPGR project was to develop a steady state and transient model. In this report only the steady state model is described.


Electrolytic lamellar compounds of graphite with well-defined oxidation stages were indicated by characteristic changes in the potential of a graphite anode during galvanostatic oxidation in nonaqueous, aprotic electrolytes. In analogy to the well-known graphite salts in acid media e. g. C24HSO4·2 H2SO41,2 a Cn-stage with n = 24 besides others with n>24 was obtained in solutions of LiClO4, NaBF4 or KPF6 in propylene carbonate; further oxidation of graphite does not cause significat changes in the potential of the electrode. Such defined stages of oxidation were observed at graphite anodes in various nonaqueous electrolytes. According to the present results simple salt-like lamellar compounds of the general type CnX are proposed; contrary to graphite salts prepared in concentrated acids, intercalation of free electrolyte is not a matter of priciple.


Homogeneous turbulent flows with various combinations of strain-rate, rotation rate and coriolis force capture some important aspects of more complex flows with streamline curvature and rotation. Presently, a situation is considered in which as a box of turbulence rotates, strain axes rotate with it. This is to be contrasted with the elliptic streamline flow in which the strain axes are fixed in an inertial frame. The elliptic flow is known to exhibit (inviscid) growth of turbulent energy and one might expect even more rapid growth with the strain-axes following the box. Instead, it is found that the sign of the Reynolds shear stress is reversed leading to a negative production term for turbulent energy. Partial understanding of the phenomenon is obtained from a consideration of the rotation of inertial waves relative to the strain axes as well as the "pressure-less" RDT argument put forward by Cambon etal. [J. Fluid Mech, 278, 175]. Some comparisons with the predictions of second-order closure models will be presented.


Objective-To comparecosteffectiveness of earlyandlater treeatment withzidovudine for patients infected withHIV. Design-Markov chain analysis ofcosteffectivenessbasedonresults ofuseofhealth careand efficacy fromatrial ofzidovudine treatment. Setting-Seven Veterans Affairs medical centres


The purpose of the article is to reveal the modern significance of digitalization and digital platforms for the economic development of the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. The following methods were used in the research process, in particular: abstract-logical method (when studying the theoretical foundations of digitalization of the economy), monographic (to clarify the essence of the relevant categories), comparative analysis (when studying the level of digitalization of agricultural holdings «Dream» and «Svarog West Group») economic-statistical (in identifying trends and patterns of development of the state economy), illustrative (for a visual representation of the digital platform of agriculture), as well as methods of systematic approach, grouping and generalization, other methods in the field of economic research. Research results. The need to use a digital platform, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, has been identified. In particular, this system will allow: public authorities (to make a plan of visits and yields; to report on the allocation of subsidies, as well as their use; to conduct a financial audit for each enterprise; to assess the competitive advantages of each enterprise; enterprises (to analyze data from weather stations; to study information on the condition of soils; choose crops for sowing; assess the risks of crop loss; obtain data on climatic risks). Scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions on the impact of digitalization of the economy on agricultural production and the need for digitalization of production and economic processes have been further developed. Practical significance. As a result of the implementation of the proposed digital platform in agriculture, the following benefits will be obtained: increased crop yields; the field planning system will improve; reduce production costs based on efficient use of resources and science-based approaches Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.


With increasing intensification of forest management and limited options for control of competing vegetation, there is need for research on alternative vegetation management methods, including biological control. Most forest weeds in Canada are native species with useful as well as detrimental roles, and therefore classical biological control with introduced natural enemies generally cannot be considered. At present, use of native fungal pathogens, or mycoherbicides, is one of the most promising approaches, and recent advancements in agriculture indicate that effective, site-specific controls using mycoherbicides are possible. Mycoherbicide use in forestry appears attractive because of the likelihood of fewer off-target effects than present vegetation management methods and because it could provide either selective controls for specific weeds or broad spectrum controls.Vegetation management in forestry has some unique aspects which will make the development of biological controls different from that in ag...


To the Editor: —Recently, attention has been called to carelessness on the part of some physicians in not examining patients thoroughly. The following two cases well illustrate need of a thorough examination even though the diagnosis seems absolutely certain from a casual inspection: A boy, aged 9 years, was taken sick with sneezing, fever, watering of the eyes and a slight sore throat, January 21. The following day an eruption had appeared. A physician was called and diagnosed the case as measles. However, as the physician is a competent pediatrician, he examined farther and found an inflamed throat with a small patch on one tonsil. He diagnosed it as diphtheria and gave antitoxin. Cultures proved the correctness of his diagnosis. With the prompt administration of antitoxin the child made a nice recovery, even if two serious diseases were present at the same time. A boy, aged 5 years, had an


tslearn is a general-purpose Python machine learning library for time series that offers tools for pre-processing and feature extraction as well as dedicated models for clustering, classification and regression. It follows scikit-learn's Application Programming Interface for transformers and estimators, allowing the use of standard pipelines and model selection tools on top of tslearn objects. It is distributed under the BSD-2-Clause license, and its source code is available at https://github.com/tslearn-team/tslearn.


Abstract The strength and structure of the Southern Hemisphere meridional overturning circulation (SMOC) is related to the along-isopycnal and vertical mixing coefficients by analyzing tracer and density fields from a hydrographic climatology. The meridional transport of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is expressed in terms of the along-isopycnal (K) and diapycnal (D) tracer diffusivities and in terms of the along-isopycnal potential vorticity mixing coefficient (KPV). Uniform along-isopycnal (<600 m2 s−1) and low vertical mixing (10−5 m2 s−1) can maintain a southward transport of less than 60 Sv (Sv = 106 m2 s−1) of UCDW across the ACC, which is distributed largely across the South Pacific and east Indian Ocean basins. For vertical mixing rates of O(10−4 m2 s−1) or greater, the inferred transport is significantly enhanced. The transports inferred from both tracer and density distributions suggest a ratio K to D of O(2 × 106) particularly on deeper layers...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on steady natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid along a uniformly moving infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The governing non-linear boundary layer equations are solved by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of various system parameters on velocity and temperature fields are discussed graphically, and the numerical values for skin friction and Nusselt number are presented in tabular form. Design/methodology/approach – The problem is formulated using the Boussinesq approximation under the effects of thermal radiation and transverse magnetic field. The resulting coupled system of non-linear differential equations is solved using HAM with appropriate boundary conditions for Newtonian heating of the plate. HAM is a powerful method which provides rapidly converging series solution for the velocity and te...


Ocimum sanctum Linn. commonly recognized as Holy Basil or Tulsi is an Ayurvedic herb with long history of traditional use. The therapeutic importance of this herbal drug led to discover its biological and pharmacological potentials.  In this review we have discusses on chemical constituents and their Pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, anti-viral and immune modulator, radioprotective and anti-cancer activities. Different compounds have been reported from O. sanctum are phenolics, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, essential oil, fixed oil, and steroids. The pharmacological activities of O. sanctum compounds reproduce their medicinal importance and in the standardization of medicinal products. This will be helpful in the development of new active principle and nutraceuticals.


In adults, there is increasing suspicion that a restrictive, goal-directed fluid regimen results in better outcomes than a liberal-fluid regimen. This small trial suggests this may not be the case in young children. While far from definitive, this provocative trial certainly suggests that further trials need to be done in children rather than assuming adult studies can be extrapolated to children.


In 1936,Tao Xingzhi was engaged in publicizing the Chinese people's anti-Japanese war in the U.S.A.as well as in some European countries.He was on the wanted list issued by the National Government at that time because of his involvement in the lawsuit concerning seven gentlemen of the National Salvation Society.At this critical moment,Situ Meitang,an overseas Chinese leader in the USA,supported Tao Xingzhi financially and guaranteed his life security,which enabled him to continue his anti-Japanese activities.Later in Chongqing,Tao introduced Situ Meitang to Zhou Enlai.Situ Meitang also participated in the founding of new China.The friendship between Tao Xingzhi and Situ Meitang is a deed praised far and wide in modern Chinese political history.


A new class of GeSe 2 -Ga 2 Se 3 -AgI glass systems has been prepared and its glass-forming region was identified. The maximum dissolvable AgI in glasses was up to 60 mol%. The thermal, optical, and structural properties of glasses were investigated as a function of Agl and Ga 2 Se 3 contents. The GeSe 2 -Ga 2 Se 3 -AgI glasses have a wide region of transmission window (0.6-16 μm) and a high glass transition temperature (Tg). The conductivities of the samples have been determined by impedance spectroscopy. The maximum ionic conductivity value of around 3.32 x 10 -5 S/cm can be obtained for samples at room temperature. Arrhenius behavior is verified between 30° and 310°C for glasses with activation energies of 0.287 eV. Consequently, these novel glasses may be promising candidate materials for infrared optics and solid electrolyte applications.


Objective To assess the price elasticity of branded imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients on Medicare Part D to determine if high out-of-pocket payments (OOP) are driving the substantial levels of non-adherence observed in this population. Data sources and study setting We use data from the TriNetX Diamond Network (TDN) United States database for the period from first availability in 2011 through the end of patent exclusivity following the introduction of generic imatinib in early 2016. Study design We implement a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to separately estimate the effect of Medicare Part D enrollment at age 65 on adherence and OOP in newly-diagnosed CML patients initiating branded imatinib. The corresponding price elasticity of demand (PED) is estimated and results are assessed across a variety of specifications and robustness checks. Data collection/extraction methods Data from eligible patients following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Principal findings Our analysis suggests that there is a significant increase in initial OOP of $232 (95% Confidence interval (CI): $102 to $362) for individuals that enrolled in Part D due to expanded eligibility at age 65. The relatively smaller and non-significant decrease in adherence of only 6 percentage points (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.08) led to a PED of -0.02 (95% CI: -0.056, 0.015). Conclusion This study provides evidence regarding the financial impact of coinsurance-based benefit designs on Medicare-age patients with CML initiating branded imatinib. Results indicate that factors besides high OOP are driving the substantial non-adherence observed in this population and add to the growing literature on PED for specialty drugs.


The present comparative and prospective study includes 400 normal subjects, out of which 200 were Indian and 200 were Hungarians. The latter population distinctly differed from Indian population in four respects. First is race wise, second living in relatively unpolluted environment, third liberal use of alcohol and fourth moderate to heavy smokers. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in Hungarians were 300% higher (males, 8.60 ± 2.70 nmol/ml, females, 7.10 ± 0.62 nmol/ml) than Indians (males, 2.55 ± 0.71 nmol/ml, females, 2.25 ± 0.56 nmol/ml).


This paper provides a review of papers published on laser interaction with solids, from the point of view of plasma production. The material is divided into one section dealing with theoretical work and one dealing with experiments. In addition, an extensive bibliography of papers published on the subject up to the end of 1968 is presented.


Professional accounting education is supplementary education in tertiary education after a bachelor of economics program in an accounting study program. The aim of this research is to analyze the significance of the influence of quality, career and economic motivation on the interest of accounting students to attend accounting education. This research was conducted at the University of Slamet Riyadi Surakarta. The type of data used is qualitative data and quantitative data. Source of data comes from primary data and secondary data. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate the influence of quality motivation (X1) on the interest of accounting students to follow the accounting profession education. The influence of career motivation (X2) on the interest of accounting students to attend accounting professional education. The influence of economic motivation (X3) on the interest of accounting students to attend accounting professional education.


Low-voltage, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have a high potential to be key components of low-cost, flexible, and large-area electronics. However, to be able to employ OFETs in the next generation of the electronic devices, the reduction of their operational voltage is urgently needed. Ideally, to be power efficient, OFETs are operated with gate voltages as low as possible. To fulfill this requirement, low values of transistor threshold voltage ( V t ) and subthreshold swing ( SS ) are essential. Ideally, V t should be around 0 V and SS close to 60 mV/dec, which is the theoretical limit of subthreshold swing at 300 K. This is a very challenging task as it requires the gate dielectric thickness to be reduced below 10 nm. Here, the most promising strategies toward high capacitance dielectrics for low voltage operated OFETs are covered and discussed.


The present investigation examined the extent to which speakers produce reliable prosodic correlates to meaning across a range of semantic domains and whether parents use these kinds of cues to teach word meanings to children. In study 1, acoustic properties including fundamental frequency (F0), F0 variation, duration, and amplitude of infant‐directed utterances were examined. Speakers were asked to produce question phrases in which novel words were used to convey one of two meanings from a set of antonym pairs (e.g., big/small, yummy/yucky). Herold (2006) has shown that adult listeners can identify word meanings from the prosodic information contained in these utterances. Acoustic analyses revealed that each word meaning had a unique acoustic signature, and that related word meanings such as big and tall and small and short had similar acoustic profiles. Study 2 explored whether naturalistic parental speech to young children recruits similar acoustic properties in the service of providing prosodic cues t...


Introduction Metastasis to regional lymph nodes is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in urothelial bladder cancer. Outcomes of patients with pathologically node positive (pN+) disease following radical cystectomy are well characterized, with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of only 20-30%.1,2 Studies of patients with clinically node positive (cN+) disease based on preoperative imaging have much more variable outcomes. For example, one recent series reported 5-year overall survival (OS) of over 50% in patients with cN+ bladder cancer; whereas two other series based on cancer registry data reported 5-year OS rates of only 12-30% depending on treatment modality.3–5 These variations are due in part to criteria used to stage patients as cN+. In one series which used short axis diameter ≥ 8 mm to define cN+ status, over 50% of patients staged as cN+ were found to be node-negative at surgery.4 Induction chemotherapy (ICT) prior to surgery improves outcomes in cN+ disease. Failure to respond to ICT is an especially poor prognostic factor, with 5-year OS rates as low as 12-16%.6,7 We have felt that patients with cN+ disease and bulky (large or multiple) pelvic lymph nodes fare especially poorly. We sought to identify such a population within our practice and define their outcomes.


The invention discloses a weaving method of a basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric. The method includes, firstly, determining the interweaving rules of wefts and warps of every layer according to the number of interweaving layers of wefts and warps, drawing out a structure diagram of the basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric; then drawing out an organizing diagram of the basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric; lastly, obtaining the looming diagram of the basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric. Basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber twisted yarns serve as the warps, and glass fiber and polypropylene fiber twisted yarns serve as the wefts; according to the looming diagram of the basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric, the basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric can be obtained through weaving process of a weaving machine. The basalt fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber woven fabric obtained through the method has certain thickness and flexibility properties.


The article shows the role of innovative technologies in the development of industrial enterprises. The objectives of adoption of new technologies are defined. The costs of technological innovation in Russia and abroad are analyzed. The authors discuss the principle causes of the low technological development of industrial enterprises and consider some organizational and economic measures aimed at creation of environment for technological development of the economy in the country.


Trends are the primary phenomenon of macroevolution, but they have often been misinterpreted because an old and deep conceptual error has induced us to misread, as anagenesis in abstracted entities, a pattern that actually records changes in variance by increase or decrease in diversity or disparity among species within clades. These patterns are actually produced by the "entity making and breaking machine" of differential species success, but we misread history as anagenesis because we focus on extreme values (though they may only represent tails in variance of a system), or on measures of central tendency that shift passively as species birth and death work in their differential way. I discuss several examples in two classes: "increase trends" mediated by growth in variance, and "decrease trends" produced by diminution of diversity or disparity. I present two examples in extenso based on original data: threefold occurrence of Cope's rule in planktonic foraminifers as a consequence of increasing species diversity from small founding lineages (increase trend), and disappearance of 400 hitting in baseball as a decrease trend recording symmetrical decline of variance with increasing excellence of play, not the gradual extinction of a valued "thing." A proper appreciation of trends as changes in variance flows from and into the two most important revisionary themes in modern evolutionary theory: 1) constraint and structure as an antidote to overreliance upon adaptation (questions about why founding lineages tend to be small, and why size ranges are constrained, lie primarily in structural, not adaptational, domains); 2) hierarchy (increase and decrease trends are powered by differential species sorting, not by extrapolated anagenesis of competition among organisms within populations).


A 300Hz conventional, edriven positron source for the ILC is proposed by an international team. In this paper, we focus on numerical analysis of dynamic stresses in the Tungsten target. These are driven by the pulsed e-beam, which causes rapid heating and subsequent, dynamic loads in the target which can lead to fracture and failure of it. A program of ANSYS workbench is used in the study. The dynamic stresses from both of extremely short (10 ns) and nominal (1μs) thermal pulses are systematically studied in various target related parts such as small spheres, cylinders. Particular attention has also been paid to the buckling of foils. INTRODUCTION The International Linear Collider (ILC) [1] is an electron positron linear collider project. To achieve the high luminosity of 2x10 cm s at E =500GeV, it will 34 -2 -1 CM accelerate high current beams with pulse of 1ms duration consisting of about 2600 bunches of positrons or electrons. The baseline choice of ILC positron source is helical undulator scheme [2]. However, this scheme gives interconnection to nearly all sub-systems of the ILC. It will be a challenge to design and operation of this system. Besides, strict constraints are also given to the positron source, taking for example, the requirement of 2600 bunches in 1ms will bring a heavy target heat load. To reduce the thermal load in the positron target, a 300Hz conventional, edriven positron source for the ILC is proposed by an international team [3]. In this study, by using a program called ANSYS Workbench, numerical analysis are carried on for the fundamental study of dynamic stresses at various kinds of. On one hand, the results will be helpful to well understand the characteristics of the thermal effect of target and give a direction for the initial physical design of the target as well as later optimization. On the other hand, basic study of simulation can be easier judged whether the used methods are optimized or even correct. For the later real complicated target system, those knowledge are necessary to the related analysis. ANALYSIS OF STATIC MODELS Study firstly begin with static model. Firstly, it will help to understand a normal status after thermal load. Secondly, it is also give a tendency for the dynamic analysis results after a long time. The cylinder is shown as fig. 1. It is an axisymmetric tungsten cylinder with 10 mm diameter and 20 mm length. Left one in fig.1 shows a uniform temperature of 200 C, and its diameter is 5mm as red part. Two boundary conditions are studied as following:  Constrained in the two ends but free at radial direction. It means that we have boundary constrain for line 1 and line 3, and there is no line 2.  Constrained in the two ends and at radial direction. It means that we have boundary constrain for all of the line 1, line 2 and line 3. The right one in fig. 1 the inner part has a linear decreased temperature along radius. It also is radially free but constrained at the two ends. We choose 600C for maximum temperature at centre, and then decrease to 0, linearly. The reason why choose 600C is because the energy is the same as which is uniform 200C. Figure 1: Cylinder model for static analysis. Figure 2: Results of stresses of sigma r, sigma phi for the model of left picture of figure 1. ___________________________________________ *Work supported by NSFC 11575218 # firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com NUMBERICAL ANALYSIS OF STRESSES FOR THE TARGET OF THE ILC 300 HZ CONVENTIONAL POSITRON SOURCE * THPOR028 Proceedings of IPAC2016, Busan, Korea ISBN 978-3-95450-147-2 3838 C op yr ig ht © 20 16 C C -B Y3. 0 an d by th e re sp ec tiv e au th or s 01 Circular and Linear Colliders A03 Linear Colliders Results of stresses of sigma r, sigma phi and sigma z for the model of left picture of figure 1 are shown in figure 2 and right picture of figure 3. The blue colour represents the results with boundary of radially free, while the red colour are the results with boundary constrained at line 1, 2, and 3. The blue line in right picture of figure 3 shows the results of the model which has a linear temperature distribution. The red colour line represents the results from uniform temperature model. From comparison of those results, following conclusion can be obtained: The cases which have a uniform temperature in inner part: 1) stresses at the inner part are also uniform; 2) stresses sigma r and sigma pi have same value at inner part; 3) all the three stresses sigma r, sigma pi and sigma z have the negative value at inner part due to thermal expansion. For the cases have uniform temperature profile, but one is radially free, and the other constrained: 1) the variation tendency is the same for all the stresses in r, phi and z direction; 2) but the three stresses of sigma r, phi and z have a uniform differences in the two cases; 3) however, what interesting is v. M. Stresses are the same in the outer parts in the two cases. For the case that has a linear temperature distribution but same energy at the inner part, also radially free: 1) The stresses are also not uniform at inner part; 2 Stresses sigma r and sigma pi will not have the same value except at the point of r=0; 3) But all the stresses are the same at the cold part as results of the case uniform temperature and radially fee.


Clear coat, for the production process for a coating, and the entire surface area which are used to display the application area clearcoat glass or glass ceramic plate is coated, wherein the display area is an alkyl silicate containing as the binder sol - gel coating, is arranged in the opaque coating portions left uncoated, the coating of the adhesive by the heat treatment, the crosslinking reactive group of the alkyl silicate to form , and contains organic, non-hydrolyzable group is directly bonded to the silicon.


The moment equations for one-dimensional motion and radiatve transfer in a special relativistic fluid are developed in Lagrangian form in a manner similar to Lindquist. Characteristic analysis shows this set of equations to be hyperbolic, with characteristic slopes consistent with special relativity. In contrast, the time-dependent diffusion approximation is shown to yield mixed real and imaginary characteristics. This casts severe doubt on the applicability of diffusion theory to time-dependent, relativstic situations. The moment equations would appear to be the proper relativistic generalization of the classical diffusion aproximation to radiative transfer.


PROMIS (Project Management Information exchange Services) is a research consortium with Fujitsu, IBM Japan, Hitachi, NEC, Nomura Research Institute, NTT DATA and Nanzan University. It aims at developing a new software engineering platform for managing SSN (Software Supply Network), an inter-organizational model of software development. This article reports on the background, goals, research challenges, our approaches and main results of the PROMIS consortium. Major technical contributions include a management model for SSN, a common resource model for exchanging management data as Linked Data, and a RESTful resource-oriented architecture on top of OSLC (Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration) over the Web.


A new model is presented for the production of 3 He and heavy ion enrichments in 3 He-rich flares using a direct single-stage mechanism. In analogy with the production of electromagnetic hydrogen cyclotron waves in Earth's aurora by electron beams, it is suggested that such waves should exist in the electron acceleration region of impulsive solar flares. Both analytic and test-particle models of the effect of such waves in a nonuniform magnetic field show that these waves can selectively accelerate 3 He and heavy ions to MeV energies in a single-stage process, in contrast to other models which require a two-stage mechanism


Powerline communication has become interesting as a new choice of communication media by using OFDM in the Europe Internet application and using TDMA in power meters' reading in Japan mimicking the function of phone-line DSL. However, this raw copper media without hefty infrastructure investment such as the telephone twisted pair DSL has many challenges, because it was designed to transmit an electrical current that had isolated power grid with transformers, it has nothing that is suitable to convey data but it is everywhere in the last mile of connecting households. To make everything worse, the powerline is also easily interfered by unpredictable impulsive noise, background colored noise, and fatal attenuation of signal. Our goal is to take the US city grid power-line as a supplement to the concept of a single-user & multiple- sensor-broadcasting applications for security. To successfully communicate through the power-line for the household/stadium/subway/traffic-lights security application, e.g. separated video feds find themselves the single owner PC through the common household/stadium/subway/traffic-lights power-line, we develop and test an appropriate sparse coding, compression, and error correction to succeed the task with a limited bandwidth technique. In this paper we did not apply out human sensory preserving compression code, but to concentrate on sparse coding BSS with the less-bandwidth- demanding audio signals. In this paper, we describe a detail model of the power-line topologies based on realistic powerline data, and quantify the error rates of transmitted data on the powerline in the cases when noise is presented in the channel.


The invention and creation of the digital computer in the mid-20th century gave rise to a host of new industries and dramatic changes in some of the programs offered at 4-year academic institutions. The first of these was the discipline of computer science, followed by the disciplines of information systems, computer-based library science, computer engineering, software engineering, and information technology. Additionally, there are newly-emerging programs in disciplines that are heavily computer-dependent, such as animation, industrial design, bioinformatics, and others. The purpose of this paper is to present the history and current status of the five core computing academic disciplines as described in the Computing Curriculum document: computer science, information systems, computer engineering, software engineering, and information technology. The information summarized includes the number of programs in existence, the development of a standardized curriculum for each, and the development and implementation of accreditation standards for each.


Surgical treatment of obesity is becoming more popular, but little is known about its long-term effects. In the partially industry-supported, prospective, nonrandomized Swedish Obese Subjects Study, researchers compared outcomes between 2010 surgically treated patients and 2037 contemporaneously matched, conventionally managed controls. Surgical treatments were fixed or variable banding, vertical banded gastroplasty, or gastric bypass; conventional management ranged from lifestyle intervention …


This terminal block includes an insulating block (2), a connecting strip (4) and a disconnect contact device (8) displaceable in translation between an extended position where it is in contact with a neutral bar (6 ) and with the connecting strip (4) and a retracted position where it is no longer in contact with the earthing bar (6) .The contact device (8) comprises a resilient arm (24) extending towards the connecting web (4) .L'extremite of the connecting strip (4) located on the side of the neutral bar (6) has a boss (30) disposed such that in extended position the resilient arm (24 ) rests on the boss (30) while in the retracted position no contact is made between the disconnect contact device (8) and the connecting web (4).


To evaluate the role of DA2 dopaminergic receptors in the control of renal circulation, we gave metoclopramide (10 mg i.v.), a DA2 and probably a DA1 antagonist, and domperidone (10 mg i.v.), a specific antagonist of peripheral DA2 receptors, to 16 normotensives and 32 uncomplicated essential hypertensives. Neither drug changed systemic blood pressure, heart rate, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion; they significantly reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) and increased renovascular resistances and filtration fraction. PRA was unchanged, plasma aldosterone was increased only by metoclopramide, and plasma noradrenaline (NA) increased, but to a significant extent after metoclopramide in normotensives and after domperidone in hypertensives. Renal plasma flow was similarly reduced by both drugs without any difference between normotensives and hypertensives and its percent decrements after domperidone were significantly related to percent increments of plasma noradrenaline (NA) in normotensives (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). In eight subjects (four normotensives and four hypertensives), domperidone significantly increased urinary dopamine (DA) and NA excretion. In five hypertensives, metoclopramide significantly reduced RPF to a similar extent before and after β1-adrenoreceptor blockade (atenolol 100 mg q.d. for 6 days), while in patients with β2-adrenoceptor blockade (tertatolol 5 mg b.i.d. for 3 days), the renal vasoconstricting effect of metoclopramide was reversed. These data show that DA2-receptor blockade induces renal vasoconstriction, a finding that suggests that DA2 dopamine receptors exert a vasodilating tonic control of renal circulation both in normotensives and hypertensives. The DA2 action on renal blood flow might be at least partially due to the inhibition of NA release, an effect that overcomes that on DA release. However, when NA release is inhibited by β2-adrenoreceptor blockade, the autoregulatory role of DA2 receptors on DA release is unmasked, so that the increased DA release after DA2-receptor blockade might cause renal vasodilatation.


The UK Royal Society of Chemistry has recently honored several outstanding scientists in its 2016 prizes and awards scheme. We feature some of the awardees who have recently published their work in Angewandte Chemie or its sister journals. Ian J. S. Fairlamb (University of York) is the recipient of a Corday–Morgan Prize, which is awarded to individuals under the age of 40 for their contributions to the field of chemistry. Angelos Michaelides (University College London) and Charlotte K. Williams (Imperial College London) were also honored in this category. Fairlamb carried out his PhD (completed in 1999) with Julia M. Dickinson at Manchester Metropolitan University. After postdoctoral research with Guy C. Lloyd Jones at the University of Bristol (2000–2001), he started his independent career at the University of York in 2001, and is currently Professor of Chemistry. FairlambÏs research interests are in mechanistic organic and organometallic chemistry aligned with catalysis, chemical synthesis, and medicinal applications that involve transition metals. He has discussed redox-active NOx ligands in a Minireview in Angewandte Chemie.[1] Thomas Wirth (Cardiff University) is the winner of the Bader Award, which is presented for achievements in the area of organic chemistry. Wirth studied at the University of Bonn, and carried out his PhD (completed in 1992) with Siegfried Blechert at the Technische Universit•t Berlin. After a postdoctoral work with Kaoru Fuji at Kyoto University (1992–1993), he started his independent career at the University of Basel, where he completed his habilitation (mentored by Bernd Giese) in 1999. He joined Cardiff University in 2000. WirthÏs research interests involves stereoselective electrophilic reactions, oxidative transformations with hypervalent iodine reagents, and organic synthesis performed in microreactors. His report on the use of chiral hypervalent iodine reagents for enantioselective oxidative rearrangements was featured on a cover of Chemistry—A European Journal.[2] Wirth is one of the Editorial Advisory Board Chairs of ChemistryOpen. Vincent M. Rotello (University of Massachusetts, Amherst) is the recipient of the Bioorganic Chemistry Award. Rotello studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology and Yale University, and worked with Harry Wasserman at the latter institution for his PhD (completed in 1990). From 1990– 1993, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Julius Rebek, Jr. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1993, he joined the faculty at the University of Massachusetts, where he is currently University Distinguished Professor. RotelloÏs research program focuses on the use of synthetic organic chemistry at the interface between synthesis and biology, and spans the areas of devices, polymers, and (bio)nanotechnology (in particular delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and nanotoxicology). His recent contributions to Angewandte Chemie include a report on zwitterionic gold nanoparticles for cellular uptake.[3] Rotello also received a 2016 TREE Award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. John A. Murphy (University of Strathclyde) has been honored with the Charles Rees Award, which is given for excellence in the field of heterocyclic chemistry. Murphy studied at the University of Dublin, and worked with James Staunton at the University of Cambridge for his PhD (awarded in 1980). From 1979–1980, he was a research fellow with J. William Lown at the University of Alberta, and from 1980–1983, he was a departmental demonstrator with Jack E. Baldwin at the University of Oxford. In 1983, he joined the faculty at the University of Nottingham, and in 1995, he moved to the University of Strathclyde, where he is currently Merck–Pauson Professor. Murphy and his group are interested in chemical reactivity and mechanisms of organic reactions, in particular electron-transfer reactions and radical chemistry. He has reported in Angewandte Chemie on the double deprotonation of pyridinols.[4] Andrew Weller (University of Oxford) is the winner of the Frankland Award, which is given for contributions to the fields of organometallic or coordination chemistry. Weller studied at the University of Warwick, and was awarded his PhD in 1988 for work supervised by John Jeffrey at the University of Bristol. He subsequently carried out postdoctoral research with Alan Welch at Heriot– Watt University (1995–1997) and Thomas Fehlner at the University of Notre Dame (1997–1998). He joined the University of Bath in 1998, and was made professor at the University of Oxford in 2007. Research in WellerÏs group is based on synthetic organometallic chemistry, in particular the generation and stabilization of transition-metal complexes with a low coordination number or which are "operationally unsaturated". His latest contribution to Angewandte Chemie is a report on aminoborane dehydropolymerization.[5] Richard E. P. Winpenny (University of Manchester) has been honored with the Ludwig Mond Award, which is presented for outstanding research in the field of inorganic chemistry. Winpenny studied at Imperial College London, where he worked with David Goodgame and David Williams for his PhD (completed in 1988). After postdoctoral research with John P. Fackler, Jr. (1988–1989), he started his independent career at the University of Edinburgh in 1990. He was made Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Manchester in 2000. Winpenny and his group are Angewandte Chemie News


In laboratories, core cannot always be cut exactly along the axis of symmetry (normal to the bedding plane), which leads to a minor core cutting rotation (CCR) error. The presence of a small CCR error can give rise to an error in computation of anisotropic parameters, which will result in erroneous P-wave and S-wave velocities (VP, VSV and VSH). In this study, we test the sensitivity of Thomson's anisotropic parameters, epsilon (ε), gamma (γ) and delta (δ), to the CCR error. In the vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) system where no rotation exists, values of ε, γ and δ will not vary with azimuth. Similarly, in VTI the values of VP, VSV and VSH, measured at orientations with respect to the axis of symmetry, will also not vary with azimuth. We modelled and analysed the error generated, in anisotropic parameters and phase velocities, due to rotation error of 5° on VTI ANNIE model data, and the Niobrara Shale core sample measurements. For these two cases, we obtained values of P-wave and S-wave velocities along with anisotropy parameters ε, γ and δ, at 0°, 45° and 90° orientations with respect to the axis of symmetry, before and after a rotation of 5°, for different azimuth directions. This study shows that, when the CCR error exists, ε, γ and δ vary with azimuth. For Niobrara Shale samples, we observed that, among all three Thomsen's parameters δ is the most sensitive parameter to the CCR error; when we varied azimuth, we observed a sign change of δ from positive to negative. For ε and γ, variation in azimuth lead to only slight changes in values without any change of sign. The CCR error affects VP and Vs measurements the most at 45° orientation, and the least at 90° orientation. The maximum error occurred at 0° azimuth, whereas the minimum error occurs at 90° azimuth. This analysis suggests that, if core cutting rotation exists, phase velocities should be measured at 90° azimuth for accurate results. In laboratories, core cannot always be cut exactly along the axis of symmetry (normal to the bedding plane), which leads to a minor core cutting rotation error. This paper investigates the sensitivity of Thomson's anisotropic parameters, epsilon (ε), gamma (γ) and delta (δ), to the cutting error.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a 'patient empowerment program for schizophrenia (PEPS)' to improve problem solving ability, quality of life, and mental health literacy for hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The study was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Study participants were recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Republic of Korea. Of 56 participants, 20 were assigned to the experimental group and 36 to the control group. Data were collected from September, 2017 to January, 2018. Data analyses included chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: After participating PEPS, the experimental group showed a significant increase in quality of life and mental health literacy compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in problem solving ability between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings show that patients with schizophrenia receive benefits from PEPS in terms of quality of life and mental health literacy. However, further research is necessary to develop clinical strategies to improve their problem solving abilities.


The author published recently a "Revision of the Genus Nysius in the United States and Canada." In compiling the data pertaining to the distribution of the species in Canada much assistance was rendered by three entomologists: Mr. G. Stuart Walley, Entomologist of the Department ot the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; Mr. George A. Moore of Montreal, Que. and Mr. J. F. Brimley of Wellington, Ont.


governance of the world's seas and oceans requires new ways of thinking and new ways of doing things that are fundamentally different from the established modes of terrestrial governance that have been built on the traditional foundation of state freedom and sovereignty. This 'oceans perspective', initially given voice by Professor Elisabeth Mann Borgese beginning in the late 1960s on the eve of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, be-came the hallmark of her efflorescent advocacy. Both a vision and an evolving action-oriented programme, the oceans perspective was vigorously pressed by Elisabeth as only the gentle and caring 'Mother of the Oceans' that she was could have done.


Four analogues of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), PTHrP(7-34)NH2, (10-34)NH2, (15-34)NH2 and (20-34)NH2, were synthesized and their antagonistic activity against PTHrP(1-34) was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies revealed that all four analogues antagonized PTHrP-stimulated cyclic AMP production in rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8), and that PTHrP(7-34)NH2 and PTHrP(10-34)NH2 had potent antagonistic activity. In vivo experiments in nude mice also revealed that PTHrP(7-34)NH2 completely inhibited hypercalcemia induced by PTHrP(1-34), indicating that these analogues antagonize the effects of PTHrP(1-34) in vitro and in vivo.


Two field trials were conducted on garlic clone Sids·40, in Ihe vegetable private farm at Kafr Meet Faris, Oakahlia Governorate. during 2000/2001 and 200112002 seasons to study the effect of application methods of K·fertilizer (soil application. folfar application and 50% soil application + foliar), either single andlor in combination with mixed of mlcronutnents (Fe, Ze and Mn) at 0, 150 and 300 ppm as a foliar application at 60, 90 days after planting on plant growth, yield and its components. as well as chemical constituents and storabiUty of bulbs. Almost all the parameters of the garlic plants received K·fertilizer as a 50% soil application + foliar application significantly increased as compared with other application methods. Beslde~. the most interesting observation was the increasing of the slarability by application KJO as 50% soil application + foliar application followed by soil apptlcatlon In both seasons. On the other hand, foliar application of micronutrlent at 300 ppm caused significant increases in plant height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight and bulblng ratio as well as total yield and bulb weight and diameter. Moreover, this treatment significantty Increased COncentration of TSS, N. p, K and micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) in cloves comparing with those of the plants of the other treatments. However, weight loss percent of bulbs was signiflcanlty reduced during the storage period at 90 and 120 days. The combined treatments of K20 app/lw.tion methods and micronutrients levels were generalty more offective than with single ones. The best results were obtained by using ~O as 50% soil application + foliar applicatlon with foliar application of micronutnents at 300 ppm. Therefore, this treatment could be recommended for raising gariic yield and improving bulb quality during the storage period as well as lowering the productive cost under similar conditions to this work.


Objective. The Plan VIDA project was designed to improve the livelihoods of rural households residing in vulnerable municipalities in the departments of Potosí and Cochabamba. It supplied financial support to communities for the implementation of rural development projects and to municipalities for the realization of production infrastructure projects. The project also provided community training and capacity building focused on organizational and productive skills.


Tea is the one of the most popular nonalcoholic caffeinated beverages in the world. Tea is produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), which is known to accumulate fluoride. This paper systematically analyzes the literature concerning fluoride absorption, transportation and fluoride tolerance mechanisms in tea plants. Fluoride bioavailability and exposure levels in tea infusions are also reviewed. The circulation of fluoride within the tea plantation ecosystems is in a positive equilibrium, with greater amounts of fluoride introduced to tea orchards than removed. Water extractable fluoride and MgCl2 extractable fluoride in plantation soil are the main sources of absorption by tea plant root via active trans-membrane transport and anion channels. Most fluoride is readily transported through the xylem as F- /F-Al complexes to leaf cell walls and vacuole. The findings indicate that tea plants employ cell wall accumulation, vacuole compartmentalization, and F-Al complexes to co-detoxify fluoride and aluminum, a possible tolerance mechanism through which tea tolerates higher levels of fluoride than most plants. Furthermore, dietary and endogenous factors influence fluoride bioavailability and should be considered when exposure levels of fluoride in commercially available dried tea leaves are interpreted. The relevant current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This study aimed to know the daily variation of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875) feeding in a lotic environment. Fish were caught with a net for three days every three hours in the summer to capture ten individuals per hour in a stretch of the Ijuí River, Middle Uruguay River, Brazil. The captured specimens had their stomachs removed and the content analyzed and separated into seven food categories with the aid of stereomicroscope. For the analysis of food items were used the frequency of occurrence methods, volumetric method and applied the Alimentary Index (IAi). Two hundred stomachs were analyzed, of which 95% had food content. The most abundant items were algae and autochthonous insects. Astyanax lacustris feeds throughout the day especially early in the morning (9 hours) and reduces its feeding at night (24 hours and 3 hours). It was also verified variation of AI of different food items throughout the day. It is concluded that A. lacustris feeds throughout the day, especially in the daytime and that throughout the 24 hours it varies its diet due to photoperiod and food availability.


Rural creates shared images and thoughts in the minds of all, everyone agrees that the next leap in economic growth will come from rural yet it remains a complex entity.
We propose to deconstruct and restructure this entity, make it simple accessible and available. We propose to facilitate, in tandem with ALL Rural stakeholders, this deconstruction and restructuring such that rural stakeholders achieve GROWTH, development, inclusion, equilibrium, competitiveness!
We propose to gather in one group, all people and organizations who have a stake in this growth, development, inclusion and competitiveness to initiate deconstruction of rural and restructuring in a mutually beneficial manner.
Now imagine it as an organization, Rural Inc., an organic structure allowing for positioning and repositioning, in relation to each other, of all rural stakeholders for maximum individual gain and phenomenal collective growth.


Dr. Mohammad Iqbal (1877- 1938) is a philosopher and poet of the East. He is also known as a politician and reformer in the history of sub-continent. At his times Muslims were facing some serious social problems and the understanding of knowledge seemed to be against the letter and spirit of Islamic teachings. Such degenerated understanding of the knowledge leads towards the ossification of human mind and spirit. Iqbal holds that once this sort of understanding prevails in the society the doors for justification of injustice and corruption will be opened in the name of 'religion' and 'science'. Therefore, he took the charge to reconstruct the religious thought. His building of reconstruction stands on three main pillars; metaphysics, epistemology and law. The purpose of this paper is to focus on epistemology. Knowledge is understanding or comprehension of reality of things. Holy prophet PBUH said, "God grant me knowledge of the ultimate nature of things."(Iqbal, 1989, p.2) 1 The Holy Quran says that God has taught Adam (human being) names of some of His creatures (Al Quran: 2-3), which proves the importance of knowledge about the reality and nature of things. In the process of knowledge all our instinct, nature and intuition plays the basic role; in the same way our thinking, interpretation and intellect is also important. Our hypothesis and interpretation leads us to reality and recognition through which we come to know it. All the principles used during the process of recognition and knowledge constitute philosophy which is technically called epistemology, in which reality, nature, sources, limitations and truthfulness of knowledge is narrated as basic discussions. So epistemology is the other name of philosophy. Epistemology is just like philosophy because it deals with things and their existence. Moreover it is wonder, which is forcing human being since time immemorial to know about the basis of this universe. Man does not know about the reality, yet he thinks that he understands and knows. We differentiate a thing from the other as air differs from water or a mountain is not a river. It is human nature to differentiate between the things. It is reason which enables us to differentiate. It is because of reason that man first has given universe a central position in his thought. He raised questions about the basis of the universe. Thales was the first person who gave universe the central position in his thought and considered that universe was basically made of water. The Quran says as well:


The vast rural areas, which contain historical, cultural heritage and natural resources areas are the root for the stability of China and the foundation of the Chinese nation. However, excessive urban development and construction has affected these smaller rural villages, which were left behind due to China's rapid economy. This is a design study of the 'Beautiful Village' Project, initiated by the local government, in order to demonstrate an opportunity to redesign the rural areas. This paper exhibits the experiences and impressions of the architects from China Central Academy of Fine Arts who took part in the architecture design for the villages. In order to achieve this, a series of investigation and analysis was done by the architects to reveal the present situation of the villages in China. Additionally, the active participation of the villagers is crucial in the successful re-development of the area. The main objective of this paper is to therefore identify the difficulties and problems encountered by the village and to propose a counter solution in order to design a better living condition for the rural areas of China.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the status information literacy programmes in the libraries of R&D institutions in Krrala .Information literacy instruction programmes for researchers can be challenging to develop. Now, a wide range of information sources are available to the researchers in various forms. The availability of information does not necessarily mean actual use. Some of the available resources may not be utilised at all because the users are unaware of the availability of such resources, they do not know how to access them, or they do not know what the resources offer. How to penetrate into vast universe of information and access the required information pin-pointedly is a pertinent question here. All this calls for continued information literacy programme.


Most commercial cases eventually settle and are not litigated to a binding outcome. However, preparing for trial or arbitration can be very expensive, especially in international or complex cases. Those costs expand in direct proportion to the time available to lawyers and experts before the case settles. The Guided Choice process is about reducing the time it takes to settle a case and thus reducing expenses without compromising on quality. Guided Choice allows parties greater control over their expenses and the outcomes they achieve. As it is customised to each individual dispute, Guided Choice is useful in a broad range of cases. Guided Choice is just a new way to summarise and describe practices which are already often used by experienced commercial mediators. Each dispute has unique characteristics that eventually lead the parties to reconsider their positions and settle. Identifying those characteristics early is critical to reducing the time period to settlement. The earlier they are identified, the easier it is to design a process to avoid impasse. Many users of traditional dispute resolution services do not recognise that the settlement process consists of more than just exchanging legal briefs, participating in preparatory conferences and appearing on a particular date to begin


The flow of two-dimensional deformable drops through branching (bifurcating) tubes is studied numerically using a boundary integral formulation. The undeformed drop diameter is assumed to be less than the tube diameter. Capillary numbers between 10−2 and 1 are considered. Flow in the branching tube is characterized by the fraction of fluid which enters each of the two downstream branches. The likelihood of drops entering the high-flow-rate branch increases as (i) the viscosity ratio between the drops and suspending fluid decreases, (ii) the capillary number increases, and (iii) the drop size increases. Hydrodynamic interactions between the suspended drops increase the number of drops which enter the low-flow-rate branch. The implications of these results for dispersion processes and local transport are explored. The disturbance flow created by drops passing over 'dead-end' pores or cavities results in fluid transfer between the pore and the free stream; suspensions may then be effective in improving the 'cleaning' of porous materials.


As known, madrasas were educational institutions that emerged especially from the very first years of Islam, and they were the educational institutions where Islamic science and academic studies of their period were carried out at medium and higher study levels. The cities conquered by Muslims, the newly established settlements, the economic and social change which continued for centuries, the formation of cosmopolitan urban societies and great empires not only shaped political events but also formed the basis of the rise of Islamic civilization. Survived until the Ottoman Empire, diversified over the centuries and adapted to each Muslim culture, this type of institution, which was influenced by various sects and expanded itself, entered a period of collapse in the mid-16th century. The study, which deals with important details in terms of how and under which socio-political conditions they emerged and organized, how they were managed, how they took place as an educational institution in the society and details of education systems has been traced from the first periods of madrasas.


This paper proposes a load sharing algorithm with higher priority given to the videos with higher weights using agent technology. A mobile agent periodically updates the popularity and the weight of the videos which is used for efficiently allocating the channels. The proposed approach reduces the load on the central multimedia server, allocates more channels for higher weight videos and maximizes the channel utilization between the neighboring proxy servers and the central multimedia server. The simulation results prove the load sharing among the neighboring proxy servers and hence reducing the load on central multimedia server, maximum channel utilization and more channel allocation for weight videos.


Five undescribed polyketide metabolites, oudemansins E (1), M (2), P (3), and Q (4), and 9-methoxystrobilurin I (5), were isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Favolaschia minutissima TBRC-BCC 19434. A γ-lactone derivative (6) of noroudemansin A (8), which was previously reported as a semisynthetic compound, was also isolated. The absolute configuration of the isoprene-derived moiety of the known cometabolite 9-methoxystrobilurin E (9) was determined to be 2'R,6'S by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data, which was correlated to the new derivative 1. These compounds exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (multidrug-resistant strain). A putative minor natural product, namely 9-methoxystrobilurin P (13), was prepared by semisynthesis, which exhibited significant antimalarial activity (IC50 0.086 μM).


A pilot project funded by the World Bank to promote the use of intermediate means of transport (IMTs) among the rural poor in Ghana is providing valuable lessons for similar efforts elsewhere. The project was launched in 1988 in response to growing awareness of the 'missing middle' in African transportation systems; between cars and trucks on the one hand, and headloading on the other. The pilot project focused primarily on the introduction of two new IMTs into the project areas: the cycle trailer and the farm vehicle. A further project being considered by the government and the Bank promises other equally important lessons in the promotion of non-motorized transport in an urban setting.


Solar trackers are devices that improve the efficiency of photovoltaic collectors increasing the area exposed to direct radiation of the sun. The main drawback of these kinds of devices is that they have to consume certain energy in order to move the collectors following the sun trajectory. This work presents the detailed design of a mechanism with parallel kinematics architecture able to accurately follow the sun motion, which has been designed with the aim of minimizing the energy consumption during its operation.


The effect of xylan from beech (Fagus crenata Blume) sapwood on the plasma and liver cholesterol levels and on the excretion of cholesterol and bile acid in feces were studied in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diet. Supplementation with 5% of xylan to the hypercholesterolemic diet for one week caused about 26% and 17% of depression in the plasma and liver cholesterol levels, respectively, compared with the control group and when feeding period was continued two weeks they showed about 28% and 37% of depression. The intestinal absorption of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly inhibited in the groups fed xylan. Moreover, when the hypercholesterolemic diet was replaced by the test (xylan) diet, the accumulated liver cholesterol level was lowered more than that of normal group. This finding is seemed to be due to increased catabolism of cholesterol to bile acid by continued removal of bile acid.On the basis of these results, it can be possibly concluded that the most important hypocholesterolemic effec...


Correlative theories of new institutional economics were introduced.Countermeasures for solving the Three Agricultural Problems from the aspect of new institutional economics were put forward.


Background  Photodynamic therapy (PDT; i.e. selective destroying of malignant cells by exposing them to red light after photosensitization) has been increasingly used for non‐melanoma skin cancers. Due to excellent cosmetic and functional results, especially in difficult‐to‐treat areas, it may offer a comprehensive alternative to previous treatment modalities.


This paper proposes a status monitoring and exception handling mechanism for geospatial information services. After introducing a two-level collaborative model and information exchange center, definition and monitoring methods of service status are provided. On this basis, multi-geospatial agents based collaborative monitoring process and exception handling activities are used to enhance the quality and reliability of geospatial information services.


This bibliography includes material relating to the history of science and technology in Australia and its near neighbours, including New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and islands of the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. Most was published in the twelve months to September 2020. The range of subjects covered includes the natural sciences (physical sciences, biological sciences, earth sciences and mathematics), some applied sciences (including medical sciences, agriculture, engineering and technology), and human sciences. Biographical items on practitioners of these sciences are also included. books subjects covered. State and Library New Zealand Te Papa Ma¯tauranga O Aotearoa.


Du~NG the war there was serious shortage of the cinchona alkaloids owing to the loss of 3aya and the ever-increasing demand of antimalarials for the fighting forces. Since synthetics were not available for civilians, attention was directed to the use of other plant drugs which had enjoyed reputation for the cure of intermittent fevers. Phyllanthus niruri is one sucia. It is also considered to have a wider therapeutic application, x for example a decoction of the leaves administered orally cures jaundice. The plant is an annual herb found as a weed all over India and all its parts and particularly the leaves are markedly bitter.


Competence in various aspects of diabetes self-care was assessed in 125 patients attending the diabetic clinic at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia. Fifty patients were referred for review because poor management skills were suspected. Their performance was compared with that of 75 patients randomly selected for assessment. Whilst there was no difference in performance between these 2 groups, a significant determinant of competence in diabetes self-care was fluency in English. Non-English speaking patients scored significantly less in all aspects tested, except management of hypoglycaemia. Prior attendance at a diabetes education programme predicted better performance, but this was largely accounted for by better fluency in English. Re-testing of deficit areas at 6 months showed significant improvements in performance. We conclude that all patients would benefit from the routine testing of diabetes management skills and such routine testing is needed to identify and rectify problem areas. Particular groups such as migrants require intensive efforts, so that their inadequate knowledge and skills can be identified.


The ZnSe was studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy at pressures up to 36 GPa at first time. The present researchers have found splittings of transverse optical (TO) phonon at 4.65 and 7.61 GPa. In addition, the Raman signals of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon disappeared at 14.35 GPa. The disappearance of the LO phonon is attributed to the semiconductor-metal phase transition. However, the TO phonon peaks were still visible above the metallization pressure.


The native speaker has been a part of English language teaching in Japan since the Meiji Period when Japan first opened herself to the outside world. However, native speakers were hired by the new government or by the equally new colleges founded by the new intellectual leaders of the country. Men like Fukuzawa and Okuma and other leaders were very eager to have Japan learn from and about the outside world. So in came teachers and technicians and with them the native English teacher. They have been here ever since with the possible exception of the World War Two period. Most of these teaches have been and continue to be employed by both private and public universities. The number of teachers at these schools has been growing and now most of the universities in the major cities, if not the entire country, can offer at least their English majors a few courses from native speakers. However, the employment of the native English teacher in schools below the college level is a relatively new development. Until recently, teaching by native teachers at the high school and junior high school had been largely restricted to a few "mission schools" (Christian missionary associated schools). In the last few years many of the other private schools,both Buddhist and others, have started to hire foreigners to teach some of their English classes. Even the Education


When searching information in a retrieval system people use a variety of terms to describe their information needs When the terms used in a query are di erent from those indexed by the system users fail to obtain the information they want This is called the vocabulary problem This problem has been studied and discussed in information retrieval for decades Recently Deerwester et al proposed a new technique based on singular value decomposition and obtained promising results In this paper we describe how to apply this technique to Internet resource discovery Index Terms information retrieval polysemy resource discovery synonymy vocabulary prob lem


Abstract In this work, the adsorption behaviors of chromium(III) and (VI) on the electroless Cu-plated activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been investigated. The introduction and amount of copper on activated carbon fibers have been confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The surface properties of the ACFs studied have been characterized by using pH, acid/base values, and BET isotherm with N2/77 K adsorption. As a result, the electroless copper plating does significantly lead to a decrease in the surface acidity or to an increase in the surface basicity in well-developed micropores of ACFs. The adsorption of Cr(III) ions is increased with the introduction of copper on ACFs, whereas the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions is decreased. The increase of Cr(III) adsorption and the decrease of Cr(VI) adsorption have been attributed to the formation of metal oxides on the ACFs studied, resulting in increasing the surface basicity. Thus, the presence of basic copper oxides on ACFs enhances the adsorption of Cr(III) cations, as it suppresses the adsorption of Cr(VI) anions.


The invention discloses a variable structure with deflection hinge locking and shape memory alloy driving, and belongs to the technical field of aerospace engineering. The variable structure comprises a memory alloy wire driving expanding mechanism composed of a plurality of sets of memory alloy wire driving guide rod mechanisms, an expanding driving mechanism in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, an expandable shell made of an aluminum magnesium alloy material, a deflection mechanism and a deformation fine adjustment mechanism, wherein the deflection mechanism is achieved in the manner that a stepping motor drives a rotation hinge, and a memory alloy wire spring mechanism is adopted in the deformation fine adjustment mechanism. The expanding mechanism composed of the multi-level central memory alloy wire driving guide rod mechanisms is adopted, the SMA spring deformation fine adjustment mechanism is combined, and therefore the expandable shell can be driven by the expanding driving mechanism to be reliably expanded; and meanwhile the deformation fine adjustment mechanism can supplement the local deformation in the expanding process. The expandable shell can deflect by a certain angle through the deflection mechanism and is accurately locked through a hinge mechanism. The variable structure has wide application prospects in the aerospace field.


Micro patterning and etching characteristics of lead zirconate titanate(PZT) thin film are very interesting for the fabrication of various ferroelectric micro devices. Besides the effects of plasma, the microstructure of PZT films is very important in etching process. The characteristics of reactive ion etching of PZT films with different microstructure were investigated. The morphology and microstructure were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The properties of etching were measured by AFM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With the annealing temperature increases, the microstructure becomes more compact and the etching rate decreases. The highest etching rate is about 13 nm/min when the microstructure of PZT film is amorphous and without crystallization.


e19502Background: Despite using cytogenetic and molecular-risk stratification and precision medicine, the current overall outcome of AML patients remains relatively poor. Therapy selection is often...


Analysis of 59 time series from ten small magnitude earthquakes recorded in 1981 by portable digital seismic systems at the southern Nevada Test Site (NTS) yielded several significant results. We find that moment magnitude (M/sub L/) (local magnitude determined from seismic moment) correlates closely with coda duration magnitudes M/sub d/ determined by the Southern Great Basin Seismic Network (SGBSN). Further, local magnitude M/sub W A/ computed from displacement seismograms simulating Wood-Anderson response are, on average, 0.38 magnitude units larger than M/sub d/ and 0.44 magnitude units larger than (M/sub L/). Another result is that stress drops for the ten earthquakes are significantly smaller than typical stress drops for earthquakes of similar seismic moment in California. Similarly, determinations of the peak ground motion parameter Rv are up to 10 to 20 times smaller than a previously determined empirical formula relating Rv to seismic moment. We conclude that seismic waves from southern Nevada Test Site earthquakes suffer from significant anelastic attenuation, possibly in the near-surface crust under the recording sites, yielding reduced amplitude and frequency of the peak ground motion and shifting the apparent corner frequency of the source spectrum to lower values, thereby producing unexpectedly low stress drops.


Hospital readmissions are common, costly in both economic and human terms, and often preventable. This ''perfect storm'' of attributes has placed hospital readmissions at the center of discourse among payers, providers, and policy makers, which is leading to innovations in care delivery. Evolving efforts to enhance discharge communication, to improve care coordination and accountability, and to meaningfully involve primary care, show promise of reducing readmissions. These pockets of success demonstrate that improving care transitions can increase quality of care while decreasing costs. Within the hospital, it is now clear that the discharge process typically requires the same intensity of effort as admission. The hospitalist guides an interdisciplinary team, including nurses, pharmacists, case managers, and social workers, through a checklist of discharge tasks. Some tasks require substantial hospitalist involvement and expertise, such as medication reconciliation—a detail-oriented, time-consuming process. Other tasks can be accomplished by team members, overseen by the hospitalist, such as scheduling timely follow-up appointments, coordinating outpatient services, and assembling educational materials. Taken as a whole, significant time and effort must be devoted by the inpatient team to address the complex landscape of a patient's medical and psychosocial needs. That of course, is only half of the equation, as patient care must be transferred to an equally invested outpatient team led by a primary care provider (PCP). Several influential medical societies have endorsed the medical home (a multidisciplinary care team led by a PCP) as the primary agent to coordinate patient care across settings. Indeed, promptly reconnecting with their PCP and primary care team after discharge can have profound meaning for patients, who may otherwise be unsupported with their postdischarge clinical needs. In this issue of the Journal of Hospital Medicine, 4 important articles provide evidence in support of an outpatient partner to actively assume patient care responsibility after hospital discharge. van Walraven et al. conducted an elegant study to evaluate the impact of postdischarge PCP visits on readmissions. Following more than 5000 patients for nearly 6 months, they demonstrated that increased PCP follow-up was significantly and independently associated with a decreased risk of hospital readmission. This confirms the positive impact that a primary care connection can have on postdischarge care. This study also highlights some challenges: 18% of the original cohort were excluded from the final analyses because they had only 1 or no PCP visit in the 6 months following discharge, indicating inadequate postdischarge follow-up for a substantial sub-group. Misky et al. similarly established that patients with ''timely'' PCP followup (within one month of discharge) were 10 times less likely to be readmitted for the same condition as their index admission. These are also encouraging findings for those patients with PCP follow-up. Yet among patients in their study, PCP follow-up was even less common, with only 49% of patients having appointments within one month. Future studies should consider how more intensive outreach strategies might engage difficult-to-reach patients and communities. PCP follow-up may be beneficial because discharged patients often have ongoing issues that need to be addressed. Arora et al. surveyed inner city patients and their PCPs 2 weeks after hospital discharge to assess whether patients experienced any ''problems'' in the postdischarge period, and whether PCPs were aware of their patients' hospitalization. Nearly half of all patients recounted 1 or more postdischarge problems. The likelihood of reporting such a problem was twice as common among those patients whose PCP was unaware of their hospitalization. Again, this is strong validation of the importance of PCP involvement in posthospital care, but equally concerning is their finding that fully 3 in 10 PCPs were unaware of their patient's hospitalization. Finally, Mitchell et al. further refine our understanding of risk factors for readmission. In an ethnically diverse inner city population, they screened 738 inpatients for depression. Among the 238 (32%) patients who screened positive, there was a marked 73% increase in hospital utilization (emergency department [ED] visits and readmissions) within 30 days of discharge. This confirms previous research that


Over the last decade a huge amount of experimental data on biological systems has been generated by modern high-throughput methods. Aided by bioinformatics, the '-omics' (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and interactomics) have listed, quantified and analyzed molecular components and interactions on all levels of cellular regulation. However, a comprehensive framework, that does not only list, but links all those components, is still largely missing. The biology-based but highly interdisciplinary field of systems biology aims at such a holistic understanding of complex biological systems covering the length scales from molecules to whole organisms. Spanning the length scales, it has to integrate the data from very different fields and to bring together scientists from those fields. For linking experiments and theory, hypothesis-driven research is an indispensable concept, formulating a cycle of experiment, modeling, model predictions for new experiments and, finally, their experimental validation as the start of the new iteration. On the hierarchy of length scales certain unique entities can be identified. At the nanometer scale such functional entities are molecules and at the micrometer level these are the cells. Cells can be studied in vitro as independent individuals isolated from an organism, but their interplay and communication in vivo is crucial for tissue function. Control over such regulation mechanisms is therefore a main goal of medical research. The requirements for understanding cellular interplay also illustrate the interdisciplinarity of systems biology, because chemical, physical and biological knowledge is needed simultaneously. Following the notion of cells as the basic units of life, the focus of this thesis are mathematical multi-scale models of multi-cellular systems employing the concept of individual (or agent) based modeling (IBM). This concept accounts for the entity cell and their individuality in function and space. Motivated by experimental observations, cells are represented as elastic and adhesive spheres. Their interaction is given by a model for elastic homogeneous spheres, which has been established for analysis of the elastic response of cells, plus an adhesion term. Cell movement is modeled by an equation of motion for each cell which is based on the balance of interaction, friction and active forces on the respective cell. As a first step the model was carefully examined with regard to the model assumptions, namely, spherical shape, homogeneous isotropic elastic body and apriori undirected movement. The model examination included simulations of cell sorting and compression of multi-cellular spheroids. Cell sorting could not be achieved with only short range adhesion. However, it sorting completed with long range interactions for small cell numbers, but failed for larger aggregates. Compression dynamics of multi-cellular spheroids was apparently reproduced qualitatively by the model. But in a more detailed survey neither the time scales nor the rounding after compression could be reproduced. Based on these results, the applications consistent with the assumed simplifications are discussed. One yet established application is colony growth in two-dimensional cell cultures. In order to model cell growth and division, a two-phase model of the cell cycle was established. In a growth phase the cell doubles its volume by stochastic increments, and in a mitotic phase it divides into two daughter cells of equal volume. Additionally, control of the cell cycle by contact inhibition is included in the model. After examination of its applicability, the presented model is used for simulations of in vitro growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and subsequent cartilage formation in multi-cellular spheroids. A main factor for both processes is the oxygen concentration. Experimental results have shown, that i) MSC grow much better in vitro at low than at high oxygen concentrations and ii) the MSC progeny harvested from low oxygen culture produce higher amounts of the cartilage components aggrecan and collagen II in multi-cellular spheroids than the ones from high oxygen culture. In order to model these processes, IBM was extended by a stochastic model for cellular differentiation. In this model cellular differentiation is captured phenomenologically by two additional


Recent work on the mechanism of solute-phase interactions is discussed and used to explain the mechanism of distribution between the mobile and stationary phases. Examples of solute-solvent-stationary phase interactions are considered for silica gel, non-polar bonded phases and ion-pair chromatography. The use of silica gel for exclusion chromatography is also described in conjunction with the preparation of very high efficiency liquid-chromatographic columns and the trend towards compatible low dead volume detectors. A practical liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer system is described in detail and results from commercially available liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipment are given. The automation of liquid-chromatographic analysis involving automatic injection devices and computer data acquisition is discussed and the precision that can be obtained from such equipment given. Finally, an example of the use of high precision as an alternative to resolution in a liquid-chromatographic separation is demonstrated.


Reddy et al. (2006, Hydrological Processes 20: 1753–1772) disregard germane published data and successful isotopic models, selectively depict data from their data sets, misplot many of their data, and use poorly correlated sinusoidal fits to their data to derive erroneous hydrologic time constants for features in the Shingobee River Headwaters Area. A damped running average model is more realistic. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Uranium contamination of groundwaters resulting from U mining activities and the leakage of nuclear waste from storage facilities is a growing concern. In Framvern Fjord (southern Norway), dissolved [sup 238]U concentrations at the bacterial maximum layer (24 m), which is situated a few meters below the oxic-anoxic (i.e. oxygen-hydrogen sulfide) interface (18 m), are observed to be [approximately]60% lower than concentrations above and below this depth. Removal of U occurs well below the depth at which Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides are precipitated and under conditions inconsistent with abiological reduction of soluble U(VI) to particle-reactive U(IV). Our observations suggest that the microbial population in the anoxic waters near the O[sub 2]-H[sub 2]S interface in the fjord exerts an effective control on the aquatic biogeochemistry of U in this environment. 27 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.


Virtual reality (VR) offers potential as a collaborative tool for both technology design and human-robot interaction. We utilized a participatory, human-centered design (HCD) methodology to develop a collaborative, asymmetric VR game to explore teens' perceptions of, and interactions with, social robots. Our paper illustrates three stages of our design process; ideation, prototyping, and usability testing with users. Through these stages we identified important design requirements for our mid-fidelity environment. We then describe findings from our pilot test of the mid-fidelity VR game with teens. Due to the unique asymmetric virtual reality design, we observed successful collaborations, and interesting collaboration styles across teens. This study highlights the potential for asymmetric VR as a collaborative design tool as well as an appropriate medium for successful teen-to-teen collaboration.


By distinguishing constraining and nonconstraining nations, the authors model when bilateral trade agreements jeopardize a multilateral one. The results illuminate differential concerns over 'Fortress Europe,' a Japan-centered Asian bloc, and the Canada-U.S. Free-Trade Agreement and proposed NAFTA. If a constraining nation enters a preferential trade agreement, that country will offset its bilateral liberalization by more tightly constraining the multilateral agreement; therefore, preferential trade agreements by 'foot draggers' may jeopardize existing multilateral agreements. Preferential trade agreements by nonconstraining countries, in contrast, allow willing countries to liberalize further without jeopardizing existing agreements; such preferential trade agreements need not reduce the extent of multilateral liberalization and may increase it. Copyright 1994 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG


The invention relates to a method for making double hardness EVA foaming sole which comprises steps of: Taking proper amount of material that take EVA as main constituent, making a first embryonic slice and a second embryonic slice of non cross-linking and foaming, different color and hardness; placing the two embryonic slices into a model and making the predetermined parts connect to form a smallsize sole shape before foaming; keep the model working temperature to make the first, second embryonic slices cross-link and foam; opening the model and getting an integrated body of the embryonic slices, bulking and getting the soles of needed sizes.


In the paper the results of the research over the distribution of the species of the genus Taraxacum in the area of south-eastern Poland are presented. The following geographic mesoregions were examined: the Dubienka Depression, the Hillock of Chelm, the proglacial stream valley of the Wieprz River, the Urzedow Height, the Hrubieszow Valley, the Parczew Plain, Dzialy Grabowieckie (the highest part of the Lublin Upland). Moreover, a few sites that have not been published yet are also given in the article. They were found in the following mesoregions: the Siedlce Upland and the Wegrow Depression. 94 sites of 31 species of dandelions from the Hamata section (one species) and from the Ruderalia section (30 species) are presented altogether.


A sufficient condition for the insertion of a contra-continuous (resp. Baire-one) function between two comparable real-valued functions is given on the topological spaces that Λ-sets are open (resp. Gδ-sets).


In many cases district heating is both economically and environmentally superior over directly burning of fossil fuels in individual furnaces primarily because of the efficiency of the usual applied co-generation principle with regard to fuel utilization and flue gas clean up. In principle, this argument should carry even greater weight in conjunction with nuclear energy. The major draw back of dedicated heating reactors as seen up to now concerns the high specific capital cost for the application-dictated small reactor size. The paper discusses by way of a specific example in what directions solutions are being sought.


The goal of this research lies in the analysis of romantic motifs and corresponding poetic images in the works of the prominent Turkish ashik of the XVII century Karacaoğlan, as well as in determination of the nature of interaction of the folklore and his original tradition therein. The article employs literary text analysis, as well as the method of description and comparison. Using the specific examples, the author examines the key motifs of Karacaoğlan's romantic lyrics (praise and admiration of the beauty of the beloved; infidelity of the beloved; separation; doubting the feelings of the beloved, etc.), and the imagery system associated with these motifs: a nightingale, rose, grus, a "burning heart", a "wounded soul", landscape sketches (snowcapped mountains, light breeze, etc.). Analysis is also conducted on the artistic means of creating the portrait of a beauty: her face, eyes, eyebrows, hair, manner of walking, clothes, and accessories. Literary works of the Turkish ashik Karacaoğlan have not previously become the object of separate research within the Russian science, which detfines the novelty of this article. The conclusion is made that the traditions of folklore and Diwan (Sufi) poetry are organically intertwined in the works by Karacaoğlan, which determines the specificity of poetics of ashik literature not only of the XVII century, but also the entire time continuum. This study contributes to clarification of the typology and poetics of ashik poetry, as well as the nature of interaction of the folklore and the author's individual tradition within a single work.


In this paper, a goal-driven and agent-oriented modelling approach is proposed for clinical decision support. Goal-decomposition Structures and Goal-directed Clinical Decision Pathways guide requirements modelling. Goal-driven Agent Interaction Models, composable by Interaction Patterns reusable across different scenarios, guide agent-oriented design and even later in implementation. Additional measures are suggested for revising goal models to prevent goal failure and any threat to patient safety. A case study of the Triple Assessment of breast cancer is used for the demonstration of the approach.


Purpose. The aim of the article is to offer practical recommendations for improving institutional support, in particular, state support for innovative modernization of their technical base based on the generalization of the research of scientists and the activities of farms in the corporate sector of the agrarian economy,

Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods of economic research were used in the process of conducting the research, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of investment activities of agricultural enterprises; statistical analysis − when determining the dynamics of investments in agricultural enterprises; grouping − to determine the influence of various factors on the level of development of investment activity in small, medium and large enterprises; comparative − to compare investment processes in different time periods in order to identify a cause-and-effect relationship; dialectical, abstract and logical − when making theoretical generalizations, forming conclusions.

Findings. It has been established that the priorities of investment activity for large, medium and small agricultural enterprises have become the implementation of capital investments, which serves as proof of their orientation towards the technical and technological modernization of the production base. Among the restraining factors of the development of investment activities, the following are highlighted: insufficient level of provision of own financial resources, imperfection of the regulatory and legal framework. Insufficient investments in increasing soil fertility and lack of economic interest in the implementation of ecologically oriented investment projects were noted.

Originality. The directions for the modernization of the technical base of farms of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy in the post-war period of the country's revival, which involves improving the functioning of institutions, primarily methods of state support and the formation of prerequisites for attracting investments on the basis of public and private partnership, are substantiated.
Practical value. The proposed recommendations can be used in the development of perspective plans for the development of small, medium and large agricultural enterprises, as well as in the preparation of state and regional programs for the comprehensive development of rural areas in the post-war period of the revival of the country's economy.

Key words: innovation, institution, technical base, agricultural sector, investment, state, lending


An alternative to the Satterswaite-Welch degrees of freedom (df) is developed in this paper based on unbiased estimating equations. The method enables us to evaluate the impact of sample variation due to using estimated df instead of the true df by computer intensive method. It is shown by simulation that the alternative df is close to the Welch df and the method developed could be also used for evaluating the impact of sample variation due to using estimated df in the Welch test.


We use the square root of inverse metric described by $l=u^{\dagger} \gamma^{a} u \theta_{a}$ construct an $U(4)$ gauge invariant, locally Lorentz invariant and generally covariant Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}=\nabla l$ which describe $U(4)$ non-abelian gauge theory in curved space-time. The particle's spectrum on this geometry is analyzed. We also construct a Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}_{g}=\nabla^{2} l^{2}$ which might describe gravity.


Abstract The results of investigations of polymorphism and mesomorphic states of fluorinated derivatives of alkylcyclohexanecaroxylic acids nFACHCA (where n is the number of carbon atoms in the fluoroalkil radicals) and new results for n=4, 7 have been discussed. The methods of vibrational spectroscopy (experimental, theoretical modeling) have been used. The samples have been investigated in the 290–500 K temperature range. The spectra have been recoded in the range of 33–4000 cm−1. The frequencies of normal modes and intensities of bonds of IR spectra have been calculated for conformers of H-complexes with various orientations of fluoroalkyl radical and carboxylic group relative to the rest part of the molecular complex. The polymorphism of the nFACHCA is conformational. The influence of H-bonds on dynamic of H-complex, polymorphic crystalline modification and mesophase formation were determined. The transitions solid crystal- liquid crystal-isotropic liquid and solution are accompanied by H-bonds system reconstruction: the dimmers, associates, chain associates and monomers have been appeared.