Abstract Purpose  The aim of this study is to identify and characterize women professors in ophthalmology to enhance professional development and equity of women in academic ophthalmology. Design  Cross-sectional descriptive survey study. Participants  Participants in the survey were women in ophthalmology departments who have obtained full professor rank at their respective institutions. Methods  A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from an electronic survey of women ophthalmologists and researchers who had obtained full professorship rank in ophthalmology. The survey included questions about degree obtained, training path, fellowship, length and trajectory of academic career, family or medical leave participation, previous positions, and mentorship involvement. Statistical comparisons were made based on response. Main Outcome Measures  Survey responses to questions pertaining to three domains: education and training, academic career, and mentorship. Results  Women that obtained the professor title within ophthalmology largely held Doctor of Medicine/Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degrees, were more likely to have completed fellowship training, and on average took 11 to 15 years to obtain the full professor title. The participants held a variety of other positions and titles throughout their academic careers. The vast majority of women reported having between 1 and 3 mentors during their careers with the majority also noting they currently participate in mentoring programs. Surveys were completed by 62 (30% response rate) women full professors of ophthalmology. Conclusion  The experiences women have along the academic path to professorship are described in this survey and can help to inform junior faculty. Literature review highlights the importance of mentorship for work productivity, retention, and promotion within academic medicine which is an element seen in the vast majority of our participants' career paths. Guided by the identification of women professors within departments of ophthalmology and characterization of their experiences, a new initiative called Women Professors of Ophthalmology was formed under the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology's organizational structure in 2021. This group that is tailored for women professors of ophthalmology to foster peer mentorship and guidance is poised to increase the retention and promotion of women in academic ophthalmology.


In protreptic passages in three Aristotelian texts (Nicomachean Ethics 1.7, Parts of Animals 1.5 and Metaphysics A.1-2), there is a close relationship between the use of the language of thaumaston (marvelous or admirable)and that of timion (honorable). These texts exhibit a progressive opening of Aristotle's students to further horizons of philosophical awareness, within which is embedded a global transformation of the meanings of thaumaston. They mark the itinerary of a spiritual formation in which a new relationship through language to phenomena and to others liberates the student from a psychology of emulation into a discipline of radically free inquiry.


The 1949 rise to power of the Chinese Communist Party (Zhongguo Gongchandang 中国共产党)1 was the beginning of a new era in China: the declaration of the People's Republic of China (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo 中华人民共和国) was the first step on the "socialist road" leading to the creation of the long-coveted Chinese national unity. However, progress on the "socialist road" has posed many challenges for the ethnic minorities living within China's borders. Mostly because melting into the Chinese national unity – paradoxically – became a symbol of the autonomy of ethnic minorities. In the spirit of this process, the ethnic nationalist aspirations of the Sibe (Chin. xibo zu 锡伯族; Sib. sibe uksura ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡠᡣᠰᡠᠷᠠ), the ethnic minority I studied, unfolded alongside the writing of Chinese national history. In my work, I follow these endeavors from the 1950s until recent times. At the center is a story that is seemingly about the knowledge base of Sibe ancestors, the family trees, and beyond that, about the "reunification" of a ...


Application situation of Siemens PCS7-DCS,including batch processing system(BATCH),sequence control system(SFC) and continuous function control system(CFC),in PVC pilot plant of 7 m3 polymerizer.Design plan for PCS7-DCS was introduced briefly.


Before problems can be solved, they must be defined. In global public policy, problems are defined in large part by institutions like the World Bank, whose research shapes our collective understanding of social and economic issues. This article examines how research is produced at the World Bank and deemed to be worthwhile and legitimate. Creating and capturing research on global policy problems requires organizational configurations that operate at the intersection of multiple fields. Drawing on an in-depth study of the World Bank research department, this article outlines the structures and technologies of evaluation (i.e., the measurements and procedures used in performance reviews and promotions) and the social and cultural processes (i.e., the spoken and unspoken things that matter) in producing valuable policy research. It develops a theoretically informed account of how the conditions of measurement and evaluation shape the production of knowledge at a dominant multilateral agency. In turn, it unpacks how the internal workings of organizations can shape broader epistemic infrastructures around global policy problems.


To help Mobile Medicine go into people's lives and make people enjoy the convenience it brings,this paper studies the popular Android system and Bluetooth wireless communication technology of short-range. On this basis,the paper presents the design and implementation of an Android-Bluetooth Health Service System. This system not only successfully achieves the transmission function of health data from testing equipment to mobile device as well as from mobile device to remote WEB sever,but also adds the function of consulting doctor and waiting for the reply. By using the system,users can easily detect and check the healthy index. The Health Service System integrates well the advantages of Android system,wireless communication and medical equipment. It has proved to have a wide prospect for its role in the promotion for the development of mobile health.


An afebrile 23-year-old man with no cervical gland enlargement presented with the very painful, large, shallow, yellowish-based ulcer shown here.


Field experiments were conducted at the research farm, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior during rabi (winter) seasons of 2010–11 and 2011–12 to study the sowing dates and moisture conservation practices (MCP) on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Cv. Pusabold). Three different sowing dates (i.e. 11, 21 & 31 October) were used in the main plots and eight MCP including one hand weeding and mulching of paddy straw, grass & pearlmillet husk in two quantity (@ 2.5 & 5.0 t/ha) were used in sub-plots. October 11 sown crop resulted in significantly higher plant height and branches at harvest over 31 October but statistically at par with 21 October sowing. In general, the value of all the yield contributing characters had significantly lower value under delayed sowing. Highest crop productivity (17.5 kg/ha/day) was observed with 11 October sown crop followed by (17.4 kg/ha/day) in 21 October sown crop and both higher over 31 October showing date. The maximum crop profitability (506.6/ha/day) and B: C ratio (4.33) was recorded with October 11 sown crop which is closely followed by 21 October sown crop. Mulching with higher quantity (5 t/ha) gave significantly higher number of siliquae/plant and length of siliqua over its lower quantity. Application of mulching @ 5.0 t/ha produced higher crop productivity over 2.5 t/ha at the same material. Whereas, paddy straw gave higher crop productivity over other materials. Maximum crop productivity (18.5 kg/ha/day) was recorded with 5.0 t/ha paddy straw mulch applied after weeding by khurpi at 20 DAS. Under different moisture conservation practices, maximum crop profitability (503.0/ha/day) and B:C ratio (3.63) were recorded with 5.0 t/ha paddy straw mulch applied after weeding by khurpi at 20 DAS.


For various reasons, cross-sectional tests of linear factor models have employed the returns on portfolios of assets (as opposed to individual securities). There is a good deal of flexibility in how one goes about choosing which portfolios to examine (the experimental design). This article points out that some choices can lead to collinearity among factor loadings with potentially harmful consequences for power. A diagnostic procedure for detecting collinearity is discussed, and several illustrations of the procedure on existing tests of linear factor models are used to illustrate their value to the researcher. Finally, a series of experiments is carried out to validate the diagnostics and to confirm their assessment of the experimental design in the models examined.


, a papaverine/phentolamine/PGEI mixture was tested. 43/75 (57%) of the patients obtained erections sufficient for sex ual intercourse. 22/43 (39.5%) began an autoinjection program. In a clinical control after 12 months, 9/22 (41 %) had dropped out (2/17 spontaneous remissions, 1 cavernous fibrosis with extreme penile deviation). 13 patients carried out the therapy without complications, but in 5 cases additional use of external erectional aids (vaccuum pump, erection ring) was necessary. Papaverine/ phentolamine/PGE1 mixture is a successful additional diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the treatment of erectile dysfunction for a smaller group of the patients.


Abstract Tilting the resonator axis slightly with respect to the magnetic field axis in the quasioptical gyrotron (QOG) is predicted greatly to enlarge the parameter space available for stable, single-mode operation. Greater interaction efficiency is also predicted for single-mode operation. A resonator with a 2° tilt has been tested on the QOG experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory. The operation of this resonator has been compared to an untilted, but otherwise identical, resonator. Multimode operation of the two resonators was very similar, in contrast to predictions. However, an output power of 600 kW was produced at an efficiency of 8% and a frequency of 120 GHz. At lower power, efficiencies above 12% were observed. The efficiency of single-mode operation appears to be raised significantly by tilting the resonator axis.


A device for high voltage measurements of fast spark transients in electrically noisy environments is presented. The design utilizes a KD*P Pockels cell and a capacitive coupling between the Pockels cell electrode and the high voltage spark electrode. Due to this capacitive voltage divider, the device can be adjusted so that maximum response within the linear range can be obtained for a wide range of voltages. Further characteristics of the device are its fast response time (ns), simplicity of set-up and excellent RF noise suppression because of the electrical isolation of the detector.


The"cross-bridge of people in cyber learning space"system proposed to construct by Ministry of Education of China is an important element of the deep integration of information technology and education.Based on Shanghai"Three Access Two Platforms",through the years of practice,using the popular cloud service architecture model,this paper proposes the goal of building the system of the"cross-bridge of people in cyber learning space"for Shanghai basic edu-cation service,including the top-level design and planning of the system.Then explore its practice in Shanghai.Finally,by benefit analysis,it shows that the system can not only achieve a high degree integration for information technology and education,reaching the 6A vision of education information,but also promote to form a new educational industrial economy,promoting economic restructuring,increasing contribution to GDP through education services,and gaining cost savings and environment friendly.


A circuit model was established based on analysis of insulation structure of both stator bar and partial inner potential grading.And then the relationship between various characteristic parameters and dielectric loss(tanδ) of bars was calculated.The results show that the dielectric loss has relation with the distance between burnish points,surface resistivity,the thickness of main insulation and dielectric constant.Meanwhile,the calculated values have a good coherence with test results.


This paper describes some of the equipment and several of the processes available for converting raw materials from quarries into high quality aggregates and mixtures suitable for use in the surfaces of first class roads. The three most important stages of aggregate processing are: (1) crushing and screening; (2) mixing and coating; (3) laying and compacting. The crushing and screening process usually uses a primary crusher, a secondary crusher, and a screening unit. The four types of secondary crusher available are: (1) granulators; (2) impactors; (3) cone crushers; (4) rolls crushers. The four types of crushing plants are (1) fixed installations, set up on permanent sites; (2) transportable plants, consisting of standard and semi-standard units arranged so that the whole plant can be moved from one site to another; (3) mobile plant, consisting of standard units on wheels that can be moved easily between sites; (4) single chassis units, for easy to medium crushing tasks. In order to meet the requirements for a wide range of mixes, there are several types of equipment for the drying, heating, and mixing process, including: (1) rotary dryer mixing plants; (2) batch heater plants; (3) mixer plants; (4) burners; (5) dust collection systems. Nearly all types of plant have facilities for reclaiming old road materials, based on asphalt and bitumen, and reusing them to provide a surfacing material as good as new at much reduced cost. (TRRL)


With the development of agricultural tourism in China in recent years, the tourist industry and the academic circles have conducted some research in the birth, concept, content, characteristics, types, functions, development and management of it. However, there exist a number of defects in the research hitherto. Research in the basic theory, project development, community participation and the construction of model agricultural tourist zones should be strengthened so as to promote its development.


injuries and the mortality rate of a population of 253 saguaro cacti were determined over a twelve-year period of study. Seventeen percent of the saguaro population had few surface injuries throughout the period. Thirty percent of the population showed a marked increase (more than half of the cacti in this group showed a mean increase in barking of 80%) in scaling and barking injuries over the 12-year period. Twenty-six percent of all cacti had more than 90% scaling and barking on stem surfaces throughout the period. Rates of scaling and barking injuries (morbidity) are high considering the long life span of saguaros. Finally, 27.3% of the saguaro population died over the twelve-year period. Twenty-five percent of the cacti that died over the period exhibited few surface injuries in 1990 while 65% of the cacti that died over the period had 98% scaling and barking on stem crests in 1990. A mortality rate of 27% over 12 years (2.3% annually) is very high considering these cacti may live for long time periods.


Many developing nations in around the globe, Kenya included are struggling with the problem of tax non-compliance by the taxpayers. In Kenya, the problem of tax non compliance among business firms constrains the realization of revenue collection targets by Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA). This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the size of taxpayer's income, inspection by the tax authorities, use of tax registers and VAT compliance. A sample of 233 registered firms was selected and data collected using self administered questionnaires to personnel in finance


A 2-year longitudinal study investigated the causal contributions of phonological processing to early reading competency. Subjects, 161 kindergarten children, were tested with a battery of measures assessing letter knowledge, reading ability, and 5 phonological constructs: rapid naming ability, rhyming ability, phonological memory (successive processing), phonological synthesis (blending), and phonological analysis. Of the subjects, 122 were administered measures of reading ability one year later in grade 1. Results indicated (1) the most successful model showed naming and memory abilities contributing toward the acquisition of letter knowledge and the development of rhyming ability, which in turn supported synthesis, which then contributed to analysis which had the only significant effect upon reading; (2) phonological analysis was the most salient predictor of grade 1 reading; and (3) the causal path was more plausibly from analysis to reading than from reading to analysis. Findings support two conclusions: phonological analysis is the most powerful cognitive variable determining early reading competency; and phonological analysis depends in turn upon earlier developing skills, including phonological synthesis, letter knowledge, and naming, memory, and rhyming abilities. (Four figures and three tables of data are attached.) (RS) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) -Causal Path Analysis of Processes Affecting Early Reading (American Psychological Association, Toronto, 11 August 1996) John R. Kirby, Rhonda Martinussen, and Philippa Beggs Faculty of Education, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIOf. CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. This paper reports the results of a 2-year longitudinal study investigating the causal contributions of phonological processing to early reading competency. 161 kindergarten children subjects were tested with a battery of measures assessing letter knowledge, reading ability, and five phonological constructs: rapid naming ability, rhyming ability, phonological memory (successive processing), phonological synthesis (blending), and phonological analysis. 122 of these subjects were readministered measures of reading ability one year later in Grade 1. Results Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were employed to investigate a number of possible theory-based models of phonological processing and reading in the kindergarten and Grade 1 data separately. In kindergarten, the most successful model showed naming and memory abilities contributing toward the acquisition of letter knowledge and the development of rhyming ability, which in turn supported synthesis, which then contributed to analysis which had the only significant effect upon reading. In the Grade 1 data, the most successful model followed the same general' structure, with fewer significant paths for naming, memory, and rhyming abilities. The kindergarten data were then used to predict Grade 1 reading ability, in both structural equation modelling and regression analysis. These results indicated that phonological analysis was the most salient predictor of Grade 1 reading, and that the causal path was more plausibly from analysis to reading than from reading to analysis. Implications and Conclusions This study adds support to two conclusions: (a) phonological analysis is the most powerful cognitive variable determining early reading competency, and (b) phonological analysis depends in turn upon earlier developing skills, including phonological synthesis, letter knowledge, and naming, memory, and rhyming abilities. These findings have implications for early screening, diagnostic assessment, and instruction. They suggest that 'This research was supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to John R. Kirby and J.P. Das. We thank J.P. Das, J.A. Naglieri, and R. Wagner for making tests available. Address requests for a complete paper to John R. Kirby, Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE early assessment and intervention may help to eliminate many reading difficulties. Furthermore, because children with severe reading difficulties may have deficiencies in many of the components of phonological processing, phonological intervention may have to be quite broadly based.


The ratio of axial length (AL) to corneal radius (CR) is a good index of ocular refraction. We evaluated the predictability of three intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulae using parameters including the AL/CR ratio. We included 386 eyes of 271 patients with visual acuity ≥ 0.8 at 1 month after implantation of a 1-piece IOL (NY60, HOYA, Japan) during cataract surgery between January 2010 to October 2012. Preoperative parameters for the analyses including AL, CR, the AL/CR ratio, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using the IOLMaster TM . The subjects were divided into three groups according to the parameter. For the AL/CR ratio, they were classified to groups with the ratio < 3.0, 3.0-3.3, and ≥ 3.3. The postoperative refractive errors were compared among groups for each parameter. Using the optimized constants for the subjects, we evaluated the predictability of the SRK/T, Haigis, and T2 formulae in this study. Predictability of the formula is considered


The traditional Tujia folk songs are an inseparable part of people′s daily life.Against the background of globalization,they are nearly extinct.Fortunately they have become the inheriting object and even the consumption text in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.This paper attempts to employ the artistic anthropology perspective to describe and analyze their survival environment,singing scene and changing process.


In Bangladesh women's involvement in ICT industries and ICT based government and non-government organizations changes the behavioral aspect of women's lifestyle and thereby affects the society as a whole. In this paper we study which social issues are influenced by the involvement of women's in ICT. We introduce a protocol for the development of women's informatization indicator, which refers to using, exchanging, and producing information and knowledge, utilizing ICT to advance women's status and their quality of life.


Recall from Lecture 4 that the probabilistic method provides a useful non-constructive strategy for proving the existence (or non-existence) of an object that satisfies some prescribed property. Generally, the argument involves selecting an object randomly from a specific set and demonstrating that it has the desired property with strictly positive probability. This in turn proves the existence of at least one such object. In most of the examples we have seen, the desired property holds not just with positive probability but actually with quite large probability, even with probability approaching 1 as n → ∞. This in turn often leads to an efficient randomized algorithm; we just select an object at random and with high probability it has the desired property.


The analysis of lossy nonreciprocal transmission line (LNTL in short), which is the most general case in transmission line problems, is presented in this article. By modifying the expression of input impedance, we get a novel graphical tool called omnipotent Smith chart (OSC) for solving LNTL problems. Including all the previous introduced Smith Charts such as the standard Smith chart, the generalized Smith chart for lossless nonreciprocal lines, the generalized Smith chart for lossy reciprocal lines, etc., OSC is omnipotent for different kinds of transmission lines. An OSC can be easily generated using Matlab or Java for applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2392–2395, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22783


Thermal convection loops (TCLs) fabricated from 316L stainless steel (SS) and containing mercury and a variety of 316L coupons representing variable surface conditions and heat treatments have been operated continuously for periods up to 5000 h. In each case, the maximum TCL temperature was about 305°C, the minimum temperature about 240°C, and the Hg velocity was constant at either 1.2 m/min or 5 m/min, depending on the TCL cross-section diameter. Wetting of 316L by Hg was somewhat sporadic and inconsistent, and was generally encouraged by steam cleaning and/ or gold-coating of specimens prior to testing as well as relatively high exposure temperatures. Interaction of 316L and Hg was observed to generate a porous surface layer substantially depleted of Ni and Cr which resulted in transformation to ferrite, but the maximum penetration detected for all of the test conditions corresponded to only about 60±70 lm=yr, with far less penetration for most exposures. In limited testing, alloy 718 was found more resistant to wetting/attack than 316L.


Confucius's "Thinking nurely"had far-reaching influence on ancient Chinese theory on poetry and literary creation. "Thinking nurely"roughly means pure and moderate thought, which was mainly used for limitation of the contents of narrating affection between men and women and expressing social discontent in literary works.


Consider a random vaziable with distribution function F and central moments ~;. ~i'ell-known measures for skewness and kurtosis of this distribution are given by the moment-based pair Another pait of ineasures is based on the quantiles E; defined by F(E;) - i~8 (fot continuous F). This quantile-based pair (S,T) is defined by Let (bt,b2) and (s,t) denote the natural estimators for (Q1,~32) and (S,T), respec-tively, based on a random sample of size n. In this paper, for both pairs of random variables the limiting distributions for n-. oo are derived. The results are checked by means of simulations. Two possible applications of these limiting distributions are discussed briefly: modelling and tests of normality. Here, modelling (or curve-fitting) means: de-scribing a given empirical distribution by means of a simple theoretical probability distribution. This modelling can be based either on the pair (b1,62) or on the pair (s, t); the asymptotic efficiency of the two methods depends on the limiting distributions a.o. A test of normality based on (61, bz) is well-known; the pair (~, t) presents an alternative test statistic. The asymptotic power of both tests can be found from the limiting distributions.


1,3-Dialkyl-5-fluorouracil compounds and polymers containing 5-fluorouracil in the main chain were synthesized by the reaction of 5-fluorouracil with alkylbromidcs and polymethylene bromides respectively. The structures of the new compounds and polymers were confirmed by IR and NMR spectra as well as elemental analyses.
The factors affecting the polycondensation, such as the temperature and time of the reaction were investigated. The anti-tumor activity of some of the 5-fluorouracil containing compounds and polymers were also measured.


In this paper, we introduce a new class of surfaces, called as normal surface pencil. We parameterize a normal surface pencil by using the principal normal vector $\mathbf{n}$ and the binormal vector $\mathbf{b}$ of the Frenet frame of a space curve $\alpha(s)$ as follows $\varphi(s,t)=\alpha(s)+y(s,t)\mathbf{n}+z(s,t)\mathbf{b}.$ A well known example of normal surface pencil is a canal surface. Finally, we propose the sufficient conditions of a normal surface pencil being a developable surface. Then several new examples of developable normal surface pencil are constructed from these conditions.


Coal sepration plant is a production unit with main function of reducing raw coal ash and raising the product quality.With what way and the means can attain this purpose,have been a topic for study in coal profession.This thesis makes an approach on the ability of reducing ash and application in Xieqiao Coal Sepration Plant in order to get a deep study.


Chapter 34 describes the resurrection of the dead (ristāxēz) in their final physical form, known as the Final Body (tan ī pāsēn), and the Restoration of the earth to its original state of peace and symmetry (frašgird). The eschatological events include a final universal purgation in a river of molten metal and a final battle between good and evil during which the molten river pours into Hell to destroy it. The chapter describes Ahriman's return to his primordial darkness and gloom.


The major problems of Tamiflu's synthetic study and production which homogeneously focused on the use of shikimic acid were briefly introduced.The progress in synthesis of Tamiflu from inexpensive raw materials in recent years was reviewed.Meanwhile,several characteristics and advantages in these synthetic routes were illustrated.Finally,the further study prospects of Tamiflu was expected.


Introduction: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are one of the most common vascular malformations of the central nervous system. Symptoms of CCMs are not typical; the disease can be asymptomatic or be manifested by a wide range of neurological symptoms.

Purpose: To evaluate chosen epidemiologic and clinical issues as well as advanced imaging diagnostics of CCMs in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and methods: The study was based on retrospective analysis of CT and MRI examinations from the 5 years period. The analysis covered 61 persons, 29 males, and 32 females. The CCMs were diagnosed based on MRI examination in 43 patients and CT in 13 patients.

Results: The rate of CCMs occurrence in own material was 0.2%. Single lesions were present in 90.2%, while multiple in 9.8% of cases. Supratentorial CCMs were observed in 77% of cases whereas subtentorial in 23%. Mean size of CCMs in the supra- and subtentorial area equaled 10.6±6.3 and 15.1±5.8 mm, respectively (p<0.05). Clinical symptoms occurred in 65.8% of patients, most frequently in patients with CCMs above 5 mm or with subtentorial lesions. All CCMs were hyperdense in CT images, with calcifications in 13.1%. In MRI, malformations showed diverse intensity of the central part with peripheral low-intensity rim of hemosiderine deposits in T2-weighted images.

Conclusions: The clinical symptoms occur in most cases of CCMs. These patients require periodic follow-up MRI examinations, specifically those with haemorrhagic incidents or epileptic seizures, with large size or subtentorial CCMs.


We introduce a positivity-preserving numerical scheme for a class of nonlinear stochastic heat equations driven by a purely time-dependent Brownian motion. The construction is inspired by a recent preprint by the authors where one-dimensional equations driven by space-time white noise are considered. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the properties of the proposed integrators in a different framework, by numerical experiments and by giving convergence results.


3 Abstract: Phytochemicals profiling is important for the isolation of new and novel chemical substances. The current finding is directed to the detection of different classes of chemical constituents responsible for antioxidant properties of Euphorbia prostrate.The crude methanolic extract and various solvent isolated fractions of E. prostrate showed the presence of Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids and Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Monosaccharide's, combined reducing sugars and soluble starch. The crude methanolic extract/fractions were investigated for their antioxidant potentials by DPPH free radical assay. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction exhibited significance DPPH scavenging effect among the entire fraction.The current investigation, suggest that E. prostrate contain potential sources of free radicals scavenging actions.


Demand response is a significant means to provide flexibility for the system. First of all, a flexible load model based on the operating characteristics of electrical appliances and customer behavior is proposed, including state model, power model and probability model. This model can reasonably and accurately describe the operating characteristics of electrical appliances and the rules of customer behavior. Secondly, based on the proposed flexible load model, a flexible resource aggregation method is proposed, and a demand side flexible resource pool that can participate in permanent demand response is established. Thirdly, aiming at the limitation that the current demand response mechanism is difficult to be carried out on a large scale, a novel demand response mechanism based on customer directrix load (CDL) is proposed. CDL is not only the goal of demand response, but also the standard to evaluate the customer's contribution. Customers adjust their own power consumption under the guidance of CDL to shape the load curve. The CDL-based DR does not need to calculate the baseline for each customer, and has the potential for large-scale development. Finally, a university park in the southwest of Shanghai was tested, and the results showed that when the response capacity of the resource pool was adequate, the park could follow the target curve and fully absorb the distributed renewable energy within the park, while when the response capacity was insufficient, the park could effectively suppress the power fluctuation of its connecting lines.


The utility model discloses a widenable folding bed, comprising a bed body, a connecting post and an external bed plate, wherein more than two bed plate mounting groves are formed in the upper part of each of side surfaces of one side or two sides of the bed body; the bed plate mounting grooves is n-shaped; the length of one side of the bed plate mounting groove is smaller than that of the corresponding other side; the height of an opening of each mounting groove is smaller than that of the inner side of each mounting groove of the bed plate; the left end and the right end of the connecting post are spherical and are respectively a left clamping ball and a right clamping ball; the middle part of the connecting post is a cylindrical body or a square post body; and the left clamping ball is clamped in each mounting groove of the bed plate, so that the widenable folding bed is economical and practical, and the practical difficulty in daily life of citizens is well overcome.


It is conducive to improving the efficiency of the boiler,reducing the emissions of NOx,thus improving the safety and economy of unit by establishing the model and optimizing control technology to adjust the boiler combustion status. Taking 3#boiler of Yuanbaoshan Pow er Generation CO.,LTD for instance,the basic combustion theory,optimized closed loop control system of boiler combustion and its development and application,the INFI90 control system communication mode,and the INFI90 control system logical configuration etc. are introduced in this paper. It is significant to improving the burning efficiency of boilers and realizing energy-saving and cost-reducing. And it also provides a reference for the application of INFI90 control system.


The aim of this study was to evaluate if the substrate and the ceramic laminate thickness influence the compression strength after adhesive luting. Twenty bovine teeth and 20 human molars were sectioned in 5mm x 5mm flat bovine enamel and flat oclusal dentin. Ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were sectioned and sintered to obtain 0.6mm and 0.3mm thick laminates. The laminates were bonded to the enamel and dentin substrates, and after 24h the specimens were tested for compression strength using the universal testing machine (Instron) with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The results showed mean values of 1072,4N for Group I (0.3mm laminate thick with bovine enamel), 923,9N for Group II (0.6mm laminate thick with bovine enamel), 1139,7N for Group III (0.6mm laminate thick with human dentin) and 1163N for Group IV (0.3mm laminate thick with human dentin). After statistical analysis (Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA2) it was concluded that ceramic thickness and substrate did not interfere on the fracture strength of the ceramic laminates 24h after cementation. Key-words: Ceramic, compression strength, fracture strength.


Despite near unanimous agreement among climate scientists about global warming, a substantial proportion of Americans remain skeptical or unconcerned. The two experiments reported here tested communication strategies designed to increase trust in and concern about climate change. They also measured attitudes toward climate scientists. Climate predictions were systematically manipulated to include either probabilistic (90% predictive interval) or deterministic (mean value) projections that described either concrete (i.e., heat waves and floods) or abstract events (i.e., temperature and precipitation). The results revealed that projections that included the 90% predictive interval were considered more trustworthy than deterministic projections. In addition, in a nationally representative sample, Republicans who were informed of concrete events with predictive intervals reported greater concern and more favorable attitudes toward climate scientists than when deterministic projections were used. Overall, these findings suggest that while climate change beliefs may be rooted in partisan identity, they remain malleable, especially when targeted communication strategies are used.


This paper presents the current state of the industry in multilateral wells (ML) and presents the key findings from a broad literature review and two knowledge sharing workshops hosted by the University of Calgary and the Clean Resource Innovation Network (CRIN) in late 2021 and early 2022. The technology to deliver ML wells is mature and has been demonstrated across thousands of wellbores around the world. Evaluation, characterization, and control of flows in ML wells is also possible using available technology, however, it is expensive and may be cost prohibitive. Modelling and optimization of flows from lateral legs may be done using existing reservoir simulators. However, some regulatory hurdles may remain, including accounting for production from different zones and licensing of legs. What generally limits the more widespread adoption of ML wells is the perception of elevated risk from decision makers, lack of familiarity with ML technologies, and the perceived costs of ML junctions and associated equipment and operations. By highlighting the technologies and successes, this paper aims to heighten awareness of ML technologies and further widen the adoption and implementation of ML wells.


Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of direct electrical current stimulation (DECS) on bone regeneration in response to an expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in the rat. Methods: Sixteen 50 - 60 days old Wistar male rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30-gram of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. In the experimental group, two metallic-screws were placed at lateral parts of the maxillary segments. Electrodes were connected to the screws. The device was activated with current adjustment to measure 10μA continuously and the current was monitored daily during the expansion and early-retention phase. Bone regeneration in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated including new-bone area (μm 2 ), bone perimeter (μm), feret's diameter (μm) and newly formed bone (%) parameters. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p = 0.002), bone perimeter (p = 0.004), feret's diameter (p = 0.002) and newly formed bone percentage (p = 0.002) measurements were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the DECS group was improved. Conclusions: The application of DECS to an orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone. (Korean J Orthod 2010;40(2):106-114)


Aiming at strengthening of swamped land protection at home and aboard,increasing of home swamped landscape design engineering,the scientific definition of swamped land at home and aboard was illustrated from the aspects of ecology,hydrology,resource,dynamic geomorphology and systematic general information.The reasons of difficult to define swamped land and swamped land characteristics were analyzed.


In the article researches of wear of polymeric sowing surfaces of vibrating screens are given. The mathematical model was obtained with analytical methods that allow one to describe the effect of the regime and technological parameters of a vibrating screen, as well as the physical properties of the material being transported, on the wear of a polymeric sowing surface. The obtained equations allow us to determine the lifetime of a surface made of polymer, taking into account the wear of the contact surface, as well as the change in the size of the sieve aperture.


Research digital image compression problem.The traditional image compression algorithm can not eliminate the visual and statistical redundancy in the image,which results slow image transmission speed.Therefore,this paper proposed a new algorithm for digital image compression.Firstly,images were transformed by wavelet transform to extract sub layer of wavelet coefficients,and then the transformed wavelet coefficients were coded by SWZ.Wavelet coefficients were fitted by support vector machine SVM.Lastly,the coefficient compression algorithm was coded.The results show that,compared with the traditional image compression algorithm,the new algorithm improves the image compression and the SNR of the image,accelerates the transmission speed,and provides a new research idea for image compression method.


Over the last decade, there has been considerable development of multi-beam antenna capability spanning multiple frequency bands and multiple technologies. The paper will discuss the different antenna technologies: The conventional multi-spot reflectors, array-fed reflectors with beam-forming, and direct radiating phased arrays. The different techniques of beam-forming: analog, digital-onboard and ground based beam-forming, will be discussed. Typical examples using the different technologies will be discussed.


In this paper, a course which is designed to teach family therapy as a field of social work is offered and discussed. The authors hold that family therapy has roots in social work historically, and that the conceptual and values base of both are compatible. This course is based on an integrated model of family therapy, which was developed by the authors, and it explicitly and consciously emphasizes social work history, values, and techniques.


A reduction in velocity in coronary artery contrast filling during coronary arteriography that is called "slow coronary flow" is one of the reasons of myocardial ischemia. Ischemia mechanism hasn't been understood. We evaluated coronary arteriographic and scintigraphic properties in patients with a slow flow pattern (SFP). The study included 60 patients who revealed SFP in their coronary arteriograms. The control group consisted of 50 patients with normal myocardial perfusion and normal coronary arteries in their coronary arteriograms. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow count method was used for the assessment of slow coronary flow. Single day rest-stress Technetium-99m hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) myocardial perfusion tomography was performed to all study patients. Patients with SFP revealed both higher frame counts in native coronary arteries and higher average frame counts. In control patients, the average frame count was 26.4 ± 3.5 (LAD: 35.4 ± 3.3, LCx: 22.5 ± 4.5, RCA: 21.5 ± 2.8). In patients with SFP the average frame count was 64.40 ± 16.64 (LAD: 85.75 ± 24.39, LCx: 57.21 ± 15.25, RCA: 53 75 ± 17.81) (p < 0.001). Myocardial perfusion tomography showed ischemia in 17 patients (Group 1), while 43 patients in Group 2 revealed no perfusion defect. There were no statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 in frame counts. In conclusion, no correlation was observed between the time needed to fill a native coronary artery and ischemia even if there is SFP.


This study examines the parent firm performance implications of joint venture (JV) partner buyouts, which involve the conversion of a hybrid governance structure to an internal unit within the firm's hierarchy. Transaction cost theory, as developed and applied in the international literature and market entry research, is extended to the post-entry investment setting to isolate sources of value creation or dissipation from the governance changes effected by JV partner buyouts. The evidence complements recent research on JV longevity and its determinants. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The basic reproduction number Ro is defined as the number of new infections that occur after one initial infections is introduced into a susceptible population. In epidemiological models of infectious diseases, the basic reproduction number Ro is used as a threshold parameter to determine the condition for disease outbreaks and extinctions. There are many methods availables in literatures for basic reproduction number Ro calculations. In this paper, two methods for basic reproduction number Ro calculations, next generation matrix method and digraph reduction method were considered. Both methods applied to compartmental models that possess a desease free equilibrium point. For example, the next generation matrix method and the digraph reduction method were applied to vector-host model. Since the digraph reduction method avoids the direct calculation of a matrix inverse or determinants as in the next generation matrix method, the digraph reduction method can be practical for large systems and is a good alternative to the next generation matrix method. Keyword : Basic reproduction number , next generation matrix method, digraph reduction method, vector-host model.


The speciality of photovoltaic spatial solitons in Biphoton photovoltaic photorefractive media are numerically compared including open-circuit,short-circuit and closed-circuit photovoltaic spatial solitons by using the universal theory of spatial solitons in two-photon photorefractive media.Numerical simulation investigation shows that the relationship between closed-circuit dark photovoltaic spatial solitons and nonlinearity is less than the relationship between open-circuit condition and nonlinearity,and FWHM of dark photovoltaic spatial solitons increases when loading resistor increases.The spatial shape of bright photovoltaic solitons is independent of loading resistor.


By analyzing the developing course of Chinese women football and the developing trend of the world women football,this paper probes the system,choice and design to boost the sustainable development of Chinese women football from system.It will have the important realizable meaning for Chinese women to keep the world top level and its research achievement can provide some references for decision-making department.


In learning activities will not be separated from the rules and regulations that apply in schools. Students are required to be able to behave in accordance with the rules in force in the school, the importance of education in schools makes students realize that it is very important rules that must be obeyed. Discipline is an important issue in the learning process without discipline, students cannot follow good lessons. So far the teacher in general has provided guidance and counseling services through lectures, questions and answers, and advice. One effort that can be done by the teacher guidance and counseling is to use video powtoon as an alternative to convey information to students. In this study, researchers used R&D research, Media Information Services Development Using Video Powtoon for Student Learning Discipline adapted from the development strategy of Borg & Gall (in Sugiyono., 2018). Validation is done by counseling guidance experts, media experts, and user tests there are 4 aspects that are assessed namely the usefulness, feasibility, accuracy, and attractiveness. For the results of the video discipline assessment of learning discipline from counseling guidance experts, media experts, and user test researchers get the category "Very Eligible". Expecting information service media products using this powtoon can be implemented to increase knowledge about the discipline of learning and can improve the discipline of learning in students.


An important feature of present world trade is the vertical fragmentation of value chain and rapid growth of deals in intermediate inputs like components.The so-called Intra-product Specialization gives rise to the failure of traditional analysis.This paper retrospects relevant literatures to find possible solutions.


Achondroplasia, themostcommonformof inherited dwarfism, is characterizedbyshorteningof theproximal segment of limbs, craniofacial malformation, and thoracolumbar gibbus present at birth. Achondroplasia results from heterozygous mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor. Nearly all patients with this disease carry the same G380R mutation in FGFR3, which results in constitutive activation of the receptor. Inappropriate activation leads to stimulation of two distinct pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT-1). More research has focused on the role of the STAT-1 pathway in inhibiting endochondral bone formation, but theMAPK pathway is thought to play a role as well. Nakao's group has previously shown that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important regulator of endochondral bone formation. Mice with a targeted disruption in the gene encoding CNP display severe dwarfism that is histological similar to achondroplasia, and increased CNP in transgenic mice results in skeletal overgrowth. Nakao and colleagues now report the generation of mice that specifically overexpress the CNP gene in cartilage using a type II collagen promoter. Compared to wild-type mice, the CNP transgenic animals were 10–19% longer (naso-anal length) had wider proliferative and hypertrophic layers of the endochondral growth plate, longer and more abundant trabeculae, and increased bone density. To test the hypothesis that increased expression of CNP could correct achondroplasia, these animals were bred to an established mouse model of achondroplasia that expresses the G380R mutation in FGFR3. Mice, doubly transgenic for the CNP gene and FRFR3, had nasal-anal lengths and growth curves comparable to non-transgenic littermates, rescuing the defect in FGFR3 mutant mice. Overexpression of CNP also rescued the decreased growth plate width seen in the FGFR3 mutant mice, as well as the decreased extracellular space between the hypertrophic and proliferative chondrocyte layers. However, overexpression of CNP did not correct the delay in formation of secondary ossification centres seen in FGFR3 mutant mice. To further confirm the direct effect of CNP on bone growth in the mutant mice, the authors used an explant organ culture system. Fetal tibiae from FGFR3 mutant mice treated with CNP reached lengths comparable to those of wild-type controls. In addition, CNP treatment normalized the width of the zone of hypertrophy, and increased levels of glycosaminoglycan synthesis to normal. The authors then setout to determine which of the two pathways of fibroblast growth factor signaling, MAPK or STAT-1, was primarily affected by CNP. In the organ culture system, treatment with CNP or its second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) resulted in decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, a molecule in the MAPK pathway, whereas phosphorylation of STAT-1 was unaffected. In addition, an inhibitor of MAPK increased tibiae length from both FGFR3 mutant and wild-type mice. These results indicate that CNP acts to inhibit the MAPK-signaling pathway, resulting in increased bone length. These data also further our understanding of pathways of endochondral bone formation, indicating that the STAT-1 pathway is involved in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, contributing to the formation of Clin Genet 2004: 65: 458–462 Copyright # Blackwell Munksgaard 2004 Printed inDenmark. All rights reserved CLINICALGENETICS doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00257.x


The quality of water is crucial for the qualification of river beaches. The Cávado River watershed (Northern Portugal) contains five river beaches with a regular and specific mandatory monitorization. The main subject of this research is the evaluation of spatial and temporal water microbiological and physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality improvement and consequently watershed management. The results of monitoring surface water, considering microbiological parameters from the five river beaches (2015/19), and physicochemical parameters from three water points along the Cávado River (2018/19) were considered. The river beaches located upstream of the town of Braga has an "excellent" and "good" quality, while the river beach located downstream shows a lower water quality. The physicochemical water results indicated that there is a progressive degradation of water quality from upstream to downstream of the river, which is associated with the influence of domestic and industrial activities. To improve water quality, continuous monitoring will be necessary, with the implementation of adequate awareness-raising programs and strategic water quality management by the population and local agents.


An important preprocessing step in many automatic speech segmentation and speaker clustering systems is the accurate detection of speaker change points, the times when one speaker stops talking and another begins. However, this becomes very difficult in conversational speech since utterance lengths can be extremely short, speaker changes occur frequently, speakers may talk over one another (co-channel interference), and the recording environment and/or communication channel is sub-optimal or degraded. Modern aviation systems can benefit from this research as a pre-processing stage in a variety of applications. Examples include automatic segmentation and clustering of pilot/air traffic controller communications, detection of a third or unauthorized speaker in commercial airline cockpits, and automatic transcription of cockpit audio recordings. This research presents an approach to detecting speaker change points using information obtained from voiced speech segments. This permits taking advantage of the facts that (1) speaker starting and stopping information should be contained between segments of voiced speech and (2) voiced speech contains the most useful speaker identifiable information. The technique presented here shows promise as an enhancement to currently available change point detection algorithms.


The water samples were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane.PAHs were eluted by methylene dichloride and determined by UPLC with different fluorescence wavelengths.Fifteen kinds of PAHs were all detected in five minutes.The method quantification limits were 0.3 ng/L for Nap,0.26 ng/L for Acp,Fl,Phe and BaA,0.28 ng/L for An,Flu,BbF and Bghip,0.24 ng/L for Phy,Chr,BkF,BaP and DbA,and 2.6 ng/L for InP.The recoveries were 67%~87%.The relative standard deviations were all less than 10%.This method was handy,sensitive,accurate and suitable for the determination of PAHs according to the results of practical samples,especially samples at trace level.It provided a reliable method for the study of PAHs in polar region.


Abstract We are interested in a class of seasonal autoregressive moving average (SARMA) models with periodically varying parameters, so-called seasonal periodic autoregressive moving average (SPARMA) models under the assumption that the errors are uncorrelated but non-independent (i.e. weak SPARMA models). Relaxing the classical independence assumption on the errors considerably extends the range of application of the SPARMA models, and allows one to cover linear representations of general nonlinear processes. We establish the asymptotic properties of the quasi-generalized least squares (QLS) estimator of these models. Particular attention is given to the estimation of the asymptotic variance matrix of the QLS estimator, which may be very different from that obtained in the standard framework. A set of Monte Carlo experiments are presented.


Indian Cashmere shawls were costly accessories in nineteenth-century Britain, and they were 'imitated' in Edinburgh, Norwich and Paisley. This article argues that shawls were at the centre of a key debate within the design reform movement, which viewed imitations as clumsy copies of a perfectly designed textile. It examines Victorian texts such as design reformers' publications and works of fiction, to suggest that their understanding of shawls that imitated Indian designs was linked, in part, to class prejudices. Paisley shawls' stereotyping as an article emblematic of bad taste and a lower-class desire for social mobility was thus not limited to the writings of a small coterie of design reformers, but was found also reflected in works of best-selling writers such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott and Wilkie Collins.


Blockchain technology has become one of the most promising technological innovations in recent years. The main advantages of blockchain technology are high transparency, security, and data integrity. Therefore, this technology has attracted attention in various sectors, including the economy. This research aims to examine the role of blockchain technology in enhancing economic transparency and public trust. This study is a literature review that adopts a qualitative method, which means it will analyse and interpret data by utilising information and texts derived from various sources. The results of the study show that blockchain technology has proven itself to be a highly effective tool for achieving this goal. In an increasingly connected and data-dependent society, economic transparency and public trust are key factors in sustainable economic growth and social stability.


Cathodic electrophoretic coatings have been widely used as antirust undercoat for their excellent corrosion resistance, high electrophoretic force and coulomb efficiency. Monocomponent acrylic cathodic electrophoretic coating was prepared by copolymerization of blocked unsaturated isocyanate and acrylate monomers. Formula and reaction options of synthesis of the resin was investigated, and properties of the obtained electrophoretic coating were tested. The results show that the synthesized electrophoretic coating has overcome the weaknesses of electrophoretic coatings cured by applied cross-linked agent and has strengths such as colorability, high corrosion resistance and decorative results.


Structured prediction tasks contain complex dependencies between multi-dimensional labels that can be utilized for improving accuracy and creating consistent predictions. Recently, neural networks have been used for learning dependencies in an unconstrained manner by defining an energy function over the input and labels, relying on gradient-based optimization for inference. Instead, we propose usage of an auxiliary adversarial loss to enforce structure on the outputs of deep models. In addition to a local per label loss, the model is trained to fool a discriminator, which in turn is optimized to distinguish between true labels and the model's predictions. This adaptive loss regularizes the model towards the prior joint label distribution, enabling learning of global structure and implicit constraints. We focus on the multi-label classification task, and show that our method achieves state-of-the-art results on common benchmarks, with significantly faster inference compared to current approaches.


An approach for a superconducting high-current proton linac for the ESS has been discussed as an option in the "Proposal for a Next Generation Neutron Source for Europe-the European Spallation Source (ESS)". The following work studies the technical and economic conditions for a superconducting linac at the high-energy end of the proposed accelerator system. The use of superconducting elliptical cavities for the acceleration of high-energetic particles /spl beta/=v/c-1 is certainly state of the art. This is documented by many activities (TJNAF, TESLA, LEP, LHC, and KEK). A design study for the cavities is described in another paper on this conference. For low energy particles (/spl beta//spl Lt/1) quarter wave type cavities and spoke-type cavities have been discussed. The main motivation for this study is the expectation of significant cost reduction in terms of operational and possibly investment cost.


A weakly collisional plasma discharge of the cylindrical Hall thruster with the cusp magnetic field and the thruster plume are strongly affected by variations of the low background pressure from 3 µtorr to 50 µtorr. High speed imaging measurements revealed that the increase of the background pressure leads to the suppression of two key modes of low frequency discharge oscillations in this thruster, including longitudinal breathing mode and rotating spoke mode. These effects occur in spite of insignificant changes of the plasma collisionality in this pressure range.


The incidence of cervical neoplasms complicated with pregnancy is rising,with delaying of reproouctive age.Because of the prevalence of cytology in pregnancy.eervical neoplasnis complicated with pregnancy are mostly detected early. All patients with cytological abnormalities should undergo colposcopy, and when necessary,they should undergo cervical biopsy.Conization is reserved for patients with suspected invasion.In cases of invasive carcinoma detected up to the 12th week of pregnancy,immediate treatment is prioritized.Regarding diagnoses made during the second trimester,in early-stage invasive cancers,delay of therapy seems to be safe.fetal pulmonary maturity can be awaited.And the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to stabilize the disease until the time of delivery appears to be viable.Doctors should draw up personalized program for the patients with cervical neoplasms complicated with pregnancy according to stage of disease, gestational weeks and the patient's desire for continued pregnancy.Cervical neoplasms complicated with pregnancy are mostly early-stage invasive cancers, so prognosis is good.

Key words:
Uterine cervical neoplasms;  Pregnancy;  Diagnosis;  Therapy;  Prognosis


INTRODUCTION In the East Baltic region, shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) are represented by five species: common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758), Laxmann's (masked) shrew (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann, 1788), pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766), least shrew (Sorex minutissimus Zimmermann, 1780), and water shrew (Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771)). However, the distribution of the species and their abundance are different in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (Timm et al., 1998; Balciauskas et al., 1999; Masing, 1999; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999). In Lithuania, the Soricidae family is represented only by three species--common shrew, pygmy shrew, and water shrew (Prusaite, 1988). Although special investigations of shrews have never been conducted in Lithuania, some data on their distribution, relative species density, and abundance were collected during small mammal community studies in protected and agricultural territories (Maldziunaite et al., 1981; Mazeikyte, 1990, 1992, 1995, 2002a, b, 2003; Baleisis et al., 1993; Balciauskas & Juskaitis, 1997; Juskaitis & Ulevicius, 2002; Maciulis, 2002; Ulevicius et al., 2002; Pakeltyte & Andriuskevicius, 2004; Juskaitis & Uselis, 2005). The common shrew was found to be more widespread and numerous in Lithuania compared to the pygmy shrew and water shrew (Balciauskas et al., 1999; Mazeikyte, 2004). According to these authors, the common shrew inhabits almost all types of habitats, while the pygmy shrew most often inhabits moist habitats. However, data on the abundance or changes in the abundance of both shrew species in Lithuania are very scarce (Baleisis et al., 1993; Mazeikyte, 1995, 2002a, b, 2003; Juskaitis & Uselis, 2005) and, therefore, little is known about their population dynamics (multi-annual changes in abundance, sex ratio, age structure) in various habitats, including habitats transformed by human activities. The main goal of this work is to examine the population dynamics (density, age structure, and sex ratio) of the common shrew and pygmy shrew. The study of shrews is based on the data gathered during a seven-year-long study of small mammal community formation in a clear-cut of a mixed forest during the post-clear-cutting plant succession. STUDY AREA The study area was in a mixed deciduous-coniferous forest of Vilkaraistis (495 ha, Moletai District, eastern Lithuania, 55[degrees]09' N, 25[degrees]20' E). The forest was situated on hilly moraine uplands and extended among fields, meadows, and pastures. The forest was rich in various kinds of trees with the dominance of mature oak (Quercus robar) and spruce (Pitea abies) stands. Other stands such as alder (Alnus incana and A. glutinosa), aspen (Populus tremula), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and birch (Betula sp.) were frequent, while maple (Acer platanoides) and pine (Pines sylvestris) stands were rare. The understory and shrub layer consisted mainly of lime (Tilia cordata), nut (Corylus avellana), and different young trees. The undergrowth and clear-cut areas constituted about 5.7% of the forest area. Sod-podzolic sandy loam and clay loam soils prevailed. The area of the forest was hilly, with wet and swampy ravines between hills. The clear-cut in which observations were carried out had formed step by step and covered about 4 ha. It was within a mixed forest and at least 100 m from the forest border. Part of the mixed forest and part of a recently clear-cut plot (one-year post-clear-cutting) were selected as the study area (respectively, 38.1% and 61.9% of the total study area). A map and the description of the vegetation cover were made (see Mazeikyte, 1995 for details). The clear-cut plot was covered with leaf-bearing undergrowth, a natural meadow, and tracks left by tractors (respectively, 17.8%, 36.5%,and 7.4% of the total study area). The leaf-bearing undergrowth was composed of lime, aspen, and ash trees. The herbaceous cover of the meadow was mainly formed from Aegopodium sp. …


Those who study the history of science and technology understand the important symbiotic relationships that exist between the various disciplines, and how a breakthrough in one area can trigger a chain reaction that leads to even more important progress in another area of science. This has certainly occurred in the discovery of triazine-resistant weeds in the late 1960's, followed in 1973 when Stanley Cohen of Stanford University and Herbert Boyer of the University of California at San Francisco found a simple way to combine DNA from two different organisms and then to clone identical copies of these recombined DNA molecules in bacteria. In 1975, Steven Radosevich made the important observation that isolated chloroplasts from triazine-resistant weeds were not inhibited in their rate of photosynthesis when treated with atrazine. With the use of triazine-resistant weeds and their chloroplasts, our knowledge of the structure of chloroplasts (herbicide binding genes that control the various peptides and amino acid sequences) and many other aspects of photosynthesis has expanded greatly during the past 10 years, with major contributions by Charles Arntzen and many other scientists.


Abstract : This article is divided into two sections. The first section gives a brief introduction to the characteristics of future aerial targets, and the second describes eight aspects of the advanced technology that future infrared guided air-to-air missiles may use.


Oligomeric surfactants are made up of two identical amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at the level of the headgroups by a spacer group.The distance between the headgroups in oligomeric surfactant can be controlled through designing and synthesizing different lengths in the spacer groups.This implies a change in the shape and in the density of alkyl chains of the surfactant molecule,and also in the charge density of the ionic headgroups and their gydration,which should directly affect their aggregates.The article elaborates the idea of controlling order-aggregate by design and synthesis of oligomeric surfactants with different length in the spacer.


The excitation current of the main generator is relatively low and changes with the increase of motor speed while three-stage brushless synchronous starter/generator system drives the engine with the exciter excited by one-phase AC.When maximum torque per ampere(MTPA) control is used,the traditional curve fitting method of d-axis and q-axis current is not applicable due to the unsteady excitation flux.In this paper,a multi-line fitting method was proposed to fit the d-axis and q-axis current curve aiming at the variation of excitation flux,and this method was verified by simulation.The optimization for the multi-line fitting method greatly reduced the jump of electromagnetic torque caused by this method.


Geology and paleontology at Sarah Lawrence College are taught using a conference system similar to Oxford's tutorial program, where students meet frequently with the instructor in addition to attending regular class meetings. During conference sessions students are able to call on their own special talents and strengths to explore topics in depth, making it much easier for the instructor to deal with the various scientific backgrounds typical of students in courses with no prerequisites. Field work is emphasized and is an integral part of the learning experience. Students spend more than 50 percent of their class time in the field during the fall semester. The field work culminates in a three-day mapping exercise during which students complete a geological map and structural cross section using a Brunton compass, a topographic base map, and an acetate cover sheet. The major goals of the course include: 1) making the subject matter useful to each student, 2) improving the students' scientific literacy, 3) ...


Loudspeaker arrangement (1) and associated method for sonication in a motor vehicle, comprising at least one loudspeaker which can be controlled by at least one audio processor, wherein said speaker as at least an electrostatic panel loudspeaker (2) is formed with a unidirectional radiation pattern, and the flat-panel loudspeaker (2) having means for the active and / or passive damping of sound radiation in a main radiation direction of a (5) opposite transmission direction.


In the paper, the combination of the correlation detection method and the chaotic method is analyzed. This new weak sine signal detection system exerts its own advantages. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the detection system is very sensitive to bi-frequency weak signal which is covered by strong noise and has a strong ability to restrain the Gaussian white noise. The sine signal with the lowest SNR below -73dB was detected in simulation tests.


Simple Summary We present a systematic review of the biology of the termite Constrictotermes cyphergaster and its relationships with guests in South America, addressing issues concerning the research knowledge that has been accumulated and the gaps that still need to be filled regarding this termite, as well as its relationships with other organisms and with the environment. Abstract Termites have global distributions and play important roles in most ecosystems, often with high nest densities and interesting associations with other organisms. Constrictotermes cyphergaster, is a termite endemic to South America, widely distributed and very conspicuous, and has therefore been considered a good model for filling in gaps in general termite ecology and their relationships with other organisms (e.g., termitophily). A systematic review (content and bibliometric analyses) was used to gather all published scientific knowledge related to C. cyphergaster as well as to observe trends, verify gaps, and direct new perspectives for future studies of this species. We identified 54 studies, of which more than 50% were published in the last five years (28 articles). The majority of the articles investigated the relationships between C. cyphergaster and macroorganisms (44.4%), followed by specific aspects of its biology (25.9%). The collaboration network revealed that links between researchers are still limited and modular, but trending topics have changed over time. Additionally, there are differences in the aims of the studies being carried out in the Caatinga and Cerrado domains, with some information focusing only on one of those environments. Our results show that some gaps in the biology and ecology of C. cyphergaster remain to be explored, although collaborative efforts between researchers open opportunities for suggesting future studies that would make relevant contributions to the general knowledge of termites.


Vector quantization techniques using self-organizing maps (SOM) and its variants are popularly used for applications in contextual data clustering, data visualization and high-dimensional data exploration. The update rule in a SOM is based on competitive learning using a neighborhood function that measures the Euclidean distance between an input vector and a non-linear processing element without any consideration of selective priority for a specific feature in the input data. Certain applications may require unsupervised learning of high-dimensional data with a priori knowledge on the priority of certain features, leading to resolution dependent contextual maps. With this in mind, we propose a vector quantization technique called priority based soft vector quantization feature maps (PSVQFM) for creating contextual feature maps by learning priorities. In this paper, we formulate the cost function based on the priorities over the feature coordinates and derive a learning rule from first principles. We present an analysis on the misclassification error and prove that the proposed algorithm is asymptotically optimal. Simulation results over a synthetic data set and a high-dimensional banking corpus data set show that the PSVQFM algorithm is able to learn the input data based on priority of features very well.


Simulation and emulation techniques are commonly used to evaluate the performance of complex networked systems. Simulation conveniently predicts the behavior of a complex networked system while usually requiring fewer simplifying model assumptions often necessary for theoretical analysis. In contrast, emulation does not need to re-implement the target real systems, so it may improve on the implementation efficiency of simulation while maintaining much of the realism of testbeds. A hybrid approach in which simulation nodes connect to emulation hosts can be used to combine the advantages of both approaches. In this paper, we propose integrating simulation with emulation using adaptive time dilation to evaluate system performance. If a simulator schedules its events in real time and the simulation time keeps up with the real time, then the hybrid system works very well and meets its deadlines. However, a heavily-loaded simulator can introduce significant simulation delays and thereby create situations where these delays impact the accuracy of the system. Our approach uses time dilation to reduce simulation delays and thus increasing the accuracy of the integrated simulation and emulation system. Our adaptive time dilation dynamically controls the time dilation factor to avoid system overloads for both the simulation and the emulation components and to improve the execution correctness of the hybrid system.


Overall Comment The SJR Restoration EIS/EIR should include a detailed evaluation of how changing the Friant Dam releases and manipulating other aspects of SJR flow associated with the SJR Restoration Program will impact water quality in the SJR and Delta. As discussed in the references cited below, the water quality in the SJR and Delta is impacted by SJR flow; thus, SJR water quality will be impacted by the SJR Restoration Program. These issues should be evaluated in the EIS/EIR.


Lightning and switching surges are the most common causes of electrical failures in distribution transformers. Fast rising transients that reach the transformer can cause large turn-to-turn voltages at the line end of the windings and resonances, which result in large voltages to ground elsewhere in the windings, many of which may exceed the winding insulation strength. In a previous paper, empirical data were presented which indicate that the type of cable employed between the source of the transient and the transformer has an impact on the electrical stress imposed on the transformer. The present contribution takes a more analytical approach to this work, and establishes the factors which play a role in this difference, the most important of which appears to be the loss of the cable dielectric


Iver Neumann's assessment of IR as a social science reaches a counter-intuitive conclusion: 'The issue is not if we should engage biological and psychological thinking about our subject matter, but how we should do it.' His conclusion is counter-intuitive because, following Weber, Neumann believes that 'social facts should be explained by social factors'1 and IR is above all else, social. Yet biology is a natural science and psychology walks the line between the natural and the social. So how does one privilege the social yet incorporate the natural to explain phenomenon of interest to IR? I cannot say what Neumann has in mind, but a psychological constructivist approach to emotion captures his call to draw on (what Neumann terms) the competing disciplines of psychology and biology to create a better social science of international relations. What makes emotion (and psychology) interesting and challenging is that it is not real (as a discrete measurable entity), but it is real as an identifiable experience. Psychologists have tried and failed to match discrete emotions like 'anger' to the brain and body. Emotions are not 'natural kinds' – they are not observer-independent. Psychologist Lindquist observed that one hundred years of psychological research 'has yet to identify the discrete bodily, facial, behavioral, or neural basis of English emotion categories such as "anger," "disgust," "fear," "happiness," and "sadness"'.2 Emotion depends on the body, as well as on culture and context. Had scientists paid more attention to social


Since system of market economy is more perfected step by step,it's increasingly obvious that the scope of trade is gradually extensive,diversification of subject of market,complication of legal relation,intensification of pursuing benefit and quickness of contradiction.In the process of the construction of socialism harmonious society,it should be led by the concept of scientific development and make progress in renewing idea,innovation of mechanism,research of method and development of effect.It needs to try to establish scientific and more effective system of business mediation in order to mediate disputes and achieve harmony.Most social effect can be achieved by minimum cost of justice.


This article explores the causes, forms and consequences of the resilience of treason as a capital offence. Though generally overlooked by the literature on the death penalty, treason has been the second most common capital offence—after murder—in states' law books in the post-WWII world and has had tangible effects on abolition trajectories. The article first traces the transformation of treason from the paradigmatic capital offence in the pre-modern era to a peripheral yet persistent component of contemporary death penalty. It then analyses and explains the dynamic of 'exempting' treason from abolition for common crimes. The third section examines situations where treason remains a capital offence on the books but is rarely used, functioning as 'symbolic law' with important consequences and spillover effects. In the conclusion, I argue that treason laws could become a central obstacle in the path to full global abolition of the death penalty.


Banks, Latinos, and the Changing Financial Borders A major change is underway in the relationship between mainstream financial institutions and the U.S. Latino population. From small independents like Second Federal Savings in Chicago to the nation's largest retail bank, Bank of America, these institutions display an intense and fundamentally new interest in the banking potential of this group. Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Citigroup, and other U.S. banks plan to spend at least $8.5 billion through 2005 to attract Hispanic customers. Moreover, banks now tie their profit growth to the rapidly expanding Latino population: "Bank of America expects 80 percent of its consumer profit growth to come from Hispanic customers in the next decade, or at least $336 million a year based on earnings in the first nine months of 2002." In addition, governmental and international lending entities such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve Banks, and the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) are turning their attention to integrating the underserved Latino consumer base into the banking sector. Why now? Two distinct but interrelated factors are driving these recent developments. First, monetary remittances from Latinos, mostly new immigrants, to relatives in Latin America and the Caribbean have grown substantially. Specifically, total remittances to the region quadrupled in the last ten years—the cumulative effect of millions of separate transactions averaging a mere $200—and are projected to exceed $300 billion for the current decade. For Mexico alone, the total jumped from less than $1 billion in 1980 to $10.5 billion in 2002. Latin America and the Caribbean is now the leading remittance-receiving region in the world. The second factor is demographic. Data from the 2000 census confirmed what many had anticipated: the Latino population showed significant growth in the 1990s. During this decade, the total Latino population in the United States increased from 22.4 million to 35.3 million. The Hispanic population of Texas grew by 2.3 million (54 percent) in this period. Because of the dominance of Mexicanorigin Hispanics within the Latino population in both the United States (59 percent) and Texas (76 percent) and the importance of Mexico to the Texas economy, we focus on the efforts of financial institutions to attract this particular segment of the population.


To examine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of resveratrol oligosaccharides, human MRC5 lung cells, which had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, were incubated with different concentrations of resveratrol oligosaccharides. These suppressed the cell death induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, more efficiently, at 0.1% concentration, than resveratrol itself. Resveratrol oligosaccharides effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 5% to 10% concentration range, which indicates that these compounds could be useful anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.


ABSTRACT This paper explores Eric Hobsbawm's interest in Jazz, and argues that he helped popularise the music, gave it intellectual credibility and that his jazz writings are still relevant for jazz scholars and cultural historians. Jazz also influenced his view of history. Drawing on his recently catalogued private papers, it suggests Hobsbawm consistently argued for the historical significance of jazz, was flexible in the use of genre and subgenre and was aware of the role of the music business, and the way critics and writers helped shape the music's meanings. The paper also argues that Hobsbawm wrote partly as fan, and that his penetrating analysis of jazz sometimes led him to undervalue other popular music forms.


Livestock production plays an important role in the economies of Colombia and Costa Rica; livestock production creates direct and indirect jobs and accounts for 32% and 21% of the land used. From an environmental point of view, livestock production contributes to the biological connectivity and forest cover, but it is also a major emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Within the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and with the purpose of achieving the proposed Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the Paris Agreement, both countries pledged to reduce emissions from livestock production activities. To achieve this goal, they committed to develop Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) that seek to transform livestock production by increasing production levels and improving the carbon balance. LivestockPlus is one of four strategic initiatives designed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) under CIAT's new strategy for the period 2014-2020 to open new paths to improve the development and impact of CGIAR's research. LivestockPlus specifically aims to improve sustainable intensification of livestock production, based on the use of improved forages (Rao et al., 2015). The LivestockPlus project is challenged to support, study, and test field strategies proposed by the NAMA to reach competitiveness levels. Thus far, both countries have faced challenges and opportunities during the conceptualization and piloting of the NAMAs. It is necessary to address and overcome limitations and take advantage of the opportunities the livestock sector offers to achieve the proposed livestock goals in both countries. What NAMAs are and their importance NAMAs commit to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) below 'business as usual' levels, as projected by the countries implementing them, and are framed in the context of sustainable development. They emerged from a combination of the institutional crisis resulting from the non-compliance with the Kyoto Protocol, increasing GHG emissions from developing countries (UNEP, 2016), and as a way to conceptualize the mitigation contributions developing countries could make with the support of developed countries (Carbon Market Watch, 2015). The term NAMA was first introduced in 2007 in Bali, within the framework of the Thirteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Lutken, Dransfeld, & Wehner, 2013). It was established that NAMAs should be tailored C C A F S I N F O N O T E 2 to the needs and conditions of each country, and they should also be measurable, reportable and verifiable, as well as supported and facilitated by technology transfer, funding, and capacity building (Mendieta, 2013). At the national level, NAMAs must be framed within national climate change policies. Colombia and Costa Rica are excellent case studies for analyzing climate change programs in the land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector, which includes the transformation of rural soils, agriculture, and livestock production (Tubiello, 2014). Both countries have expressed to the international community their intentions to develop NAMAs in the livestock production sector to reduce adverse effects to the environment and contribute to economic development, particularly in rural areas. The LivestockPlus project, which is aligned with CGIAR strategy to improve productivity and sustainability of the livestock sector in the tropics, aims to support the aforementioned NAMA-related initiatives in the field through research to validate and share technologies that are both profitable for farmers and lower GHG emissions. Role of agriculture and livestock production in Colombia and Costa Rica In 2012, the LULUCF sector, also referred to as the agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sector, accounted for 43% of Colombia's total GHG emissions (70 MtCO2 ). In the LULUCF sector, methane from bovine enteric fermentation accounted for 28%, transformation of land to pastures accounted for 36.1%, and urine and manure in grasslands, which covers emissions associated with nitrous oxide from managed soils, accounted for 17% (IDEAM, 2016). In Costa Rica in 2012, emissions from the LULUCF sector were 1.1 MtCO2, only 10% of the total annual emissions in the Central American country. Emissions were balanced by significant reforestation dynamics that generated net emissions of -2.07 MtCO2. In Costa Rica, emissions from enteric fermentation were 0.1 MtCO2 and transformation of land to pastures resulted in emissions of approximately 3 MtCO2 (IMN, 2015). In both countries, livestock production is significant in rural areas. Colombia has 23,000,000 heads of cattle, or 0.47 animals per capita (Fedegan, 2010), and Costa Rica has 1,300,000 heads of cattle, or 0.26 animals per capita (Corfoga, 2014).In Colombia livestock production represents 950,000 direct and indirect jobs, while in Costa Rica livestock production represents 180,000 jobs. In terms of demand, Colombian citizens consume approximately 20 kg of beef and 153 liters of milk per capita per year (Fedegan, 2010). In Costa Rica, consumption is 15.5 kg of beef and 200 liters of milk per capita per year (MAG, 2015). Livestock production in Colombia accounts for 32% of the national territory, equivalent to approximately 37,000,000 ha of pasture. Costa Rica has approximately 1,100,000 ha of pasture, representing 21.5% of the national territory. Colombia's stocking rate is 0.61 animals per ha, while in Costa Rica it is 1.1 animals per hectare. Other production parameters of this activity can be found in Table 1. Table 1. Livestock production parameters for Colombia and Costa Rica Parameter Colombia Costa Rica Birth rate (%) 0.58 0.64 Calving interval (days) 627 600 Weight gain (g/day) 350 325 Dual-purpose: Productivity (liters/head/year) 931 810 Specialized: Productivity (liters/head/year) 3000 3950 Source: FEDEGAN (2006); CORFOGA (2000); Barrientos & Villegas


Through the design and configuration of colour value testing plan and the computation and comparative analysis of colour value results,the major factors influencing the quality of concentrated cider were found out with a view of helping to control adverse factors and reduce processing cost.


Grow tubes are sometimes used in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to establish plantings or replace dead plants in older fields. Two experiments were conducted at a commercial farm to evaluate the effect of various grow tubes used during planting establishment of highbush blueberry cultivars. The treatments in the first experiment were cultivar ('Aurora', 'Elliott', 'Liberty') and grow tube treatment (no tube,control; opaque cardboardtubein thefirstgrowing season;and opaque plastictube in the first season or first through the second season). The treatments in the second experiment were cultivar ('Aurora', 'Elliott', 'Liberty', 'Ozarkblue') and grow tube treatment (control;translucent plastic;opaque plastic; andwire mesh tubeover plants in the first growing season). The presence of a grow tube from spring to fall of the first growing season decreased crown dry weight (DW) by an average of 37% to 50% and root DW by 30% (all except translucent plastic in Expt. 2) and increased the aboveground:be- lowgroundDWratiorelativetothecontrolbyanaverageof34%to67%,dependingonthe experiment. Plants grown in tubes were taller, had a narrower canopy, and had fewer whips, likely a response to low light levels inside the tubes; the fewest whips were found in the opaque plastic or cardboard tubes and the most in the translucent plastic tube with an intermediate response in the wire mesh tube. Removal of grow tubes during the summer led to plantdamage from sudden sun exposure. The opaque grow tubes (present in Year 1) reduced yield/plant in Year 2 for 'Elliott' and 'Liberty' (cardboard tube only) but not 'Aurora'.Pruningplantstoallowforlimitedearlyfruitproduction('0.6kg/plant)inYear 2 did not reduce yield in Year 3 ('2.7 kg/plant). Whereas grow tubes reduced root and crown growth in the first season, there appeared to be no longer-term adverse effect on aboveground plant growth or yield.


Upholstered furniture because of its structure is a ignition source.Some developed-countries have made the relevant technical regulations and standards,and in accordance with regulations to specified test method to test,not to the requirements of the goods will be banned to import and sell.This article describes the tests and standards of the ignitability of upholstered furniture in the United States,British and ISO(the International Organization for Standardization),which will help Chinese enterprise to overcome technical barriers and to further expand occident markets.


Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explain demographic influences on employee trust towards managers.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon a data set of over 5,000 responses from the Australian workforce, this paper examines demographic influences on employee trust in their managers.

Findings

The findings show that demographic influences have an effect on employee trust towards managers. Employees who are male, older, public sector, permanent, longer tenured and unionised were found to be less likely to trust managers.

Practical implications

Relevant to human resource practice, the findings offer potential for the development of trust by identifying employees who are less likely to trust managers. The expected outcome is that such employees can be selected for programmes and practices aimed at improving trust, such as increased managerial contact, consultation and support.

Originality/value

There has been a general decline of employee trust in managers over the past two decades. Research on the antecedents of trust has been reported to lag behind theory, with a paucity of research relating to demographic influences on employee trust towards managers. This study fills this research gap and offers potential for the targeted development of trust towards managers among employees.


rhEndostatin exerts its anti-tumor effect by the virtue of inhibition of angiogenesis.Its amino acid sequence corresponds to specific motifs on endostatin molecule.The basic fermentation conditions of rhEndostatin host strain E.coli BL21(DE3) were studied,and orthogonal design was applied to optimize the fermentation medium constituents.The optimal levels for the constituents were as follows: Tryptone 1%,yeast extract powder 0.5%,NaCl 0.2%,Na2HPO4·12H2O 1.5%,KH2PO4 0.2%,(NH4)2SO40.2%,Glucose 0.5%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.02%,VB1 5 mg/L,VB2 1 mg/L,trace elements:CoCl2·6H2O 5 mg/L,MnCl2·4H2O,Na2MoO4·2H2O,AlCl3·6H2O,H3BO3,and ferric citrate 20 mg/L.With the optimal medium,the wet cell weight of bacterium reached over 45 g/L in 16 liter fermentor,and the yield of rhEndostatin reached 324 mg/L,which laid the foundation for the further development of rhEndostatin.


The status of strong emotion, and particularly of pity, in King Lear ð1608, 1623Þ is a vexed question. On the one hand, readers rarely deny that the play's conclusion evokes intense sorrow and pity in its audience. On the other, there is little consensus over whether this is a good thing. In a play that has been read largely for what it has to show us about power, hierarchy, and social injustice, pity disrupts attempts to critique these forces by troubling the pitier's ability to make moral and ethical judgments. In a comment echoed in later criticism, A. C. Bradley may have been the first to point to the problem: "When the conclusion arrives, the old King has for a long while been passive. We have long regarded him not only as 'a man more sinned against than sinning,' but almost wholly as a sufferer, hardly at all an agent. His sufferings too have been so cruel, and our indignation against those who inflicted them has been so intense, that recollection of the wrong he did to Cordelia, to Kent, and to his realm, has been well-nigh effaced." The ability of Lear's sufferings to inspire pity in an audience runs the risk of making that audience forget Lear's original sins. If we forget his sins, we cease to be in a position to judge those sins;


Contracts and market agreements could help local food producers manage the risk of increasing production while guaranteeing supplies for potential purchasers.


This article describes 10 species of myrmicine larvae that have accumulated since the publication of our 1986 supplement. The genus Lachnomyrmex has not been previously described; the other genera are Acanthomyrmex, Leptothorax, Rogeria and Tetramorium. Also included are references to myrmicine larvae in the literature. This treatise includes descriptions of larvae accumulated since the completion of our Ten-Year Supplement (1986) to our 1976 Memoir. It includes also references to myrmicine larvae found in the literature. Citations to our own publications are by year only. The terms used below for describing profiles and mandible shapes are defined in our 1976 Memoir and 1986 Ten-Year Supplement.


The history and status quo of international cooperation on Chinese coconut industry are analyzed.Brief introduction of main international organizations and some foreign organizations on coconut research is given.The importance and effective ways of international cooperation on Chinese coconut industry are expounded.