This study aims to describe the views of Pesantren An-Nisiniyyah WalMuzainiyyah about Covid-19 and the implementation of the disciplinary character developed by the Pesantren in dealing with the spread of Covid-19. This research is field research, using a qualitative method. Researchers go directly to digging up data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that during the Covid-19 period, Pesantren An-Nisiniyyah Wal-Muzainiyyah did not return its students like other Pesantrens, because the pesantren was very sure that Covid-19 did not exist, the pesantren leadership did not believe in the existence of Covid-19. But institutionally as good citizens, pesantren respect government policies. This was proven when students, religious teachers, or administrators left the pesantren for a purpose, they were obliged to follow health protocols such as wearing masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, and so on. In responding to Covid-19, Pesantrens emphasize discipline to students in maintaining cleanliness and carrying out a clean lifestyle. The research recommends that the Government should socialize about the dangers of the Corona Virus by coming directly to the Pesantren An-Nisiniyyah Mal-Muzainiyyah. The government should communicate well with pesantrens and make every effort to ensure that the Corona virus is true, and is a very dangerous virus in the world.


where A(x) is a symmetric, non negative n×n matrix on Ω (i.e. 〈A(x)ξ, ξ〉 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ Ω and ξ ∈ R) with regular entries and W : R → [0,+∞) is a double well potential having two isolated minimum points. Moreover, under suitable assumptions on the matrix A, we obtain a minimal interface criterion for the Γ−limit functional exploiting some tools of Analysis in Carnot-Caratheodory spaces. We extend some previous results obtained for the non degenerate perturbations Qe in the classical gradient theory of phase transitions.


So far, the discussion about the usage of mobile devices in companies was strongly technology driven. However, current mobiledevices and related mobile networks have reached a high level of maturity. For this reason, technological issues are nolonger obstacles for using mobile devices within companies? business processes. From our perspective, identifying businessprocess activities, which can be improved by mobile device support, is currently rather important. The degree of suitability ofbusiness processes for mobile device support is called the mobile eligibility of a business process. Aim of this paper is topresent an approach that supports the systematic analysis and assessment of the mobile eligibility of business processes, takinginto account a set of structured, adaptable criteria to deliberate between potential business values added by mobile devicesand the typical mobile device characteristics.


Fora theory with a pseudo scalarcoupling F ~ F and in the case thatthere isa constantelectricorm agneticstrength expectation value,wecom putethe interaction potentialwithin the structure ofthe gauge-invariant but pathdependentvariablesform alism . W hile in the case ofa constantelectric eld strength expectation value the static potential rem ains Coulom bic, in the caseofa constantm agnetic eld strength thepotentialenergy isthesum ofa Yukawa and a linearpotentials,leading to the con nem entofstatic charges. PACS num ber(s):11.10.Ef,11.15.-q I.IN T R O D U C T IO N Oneofthekey issuesfacingQCD isunderstanding con nem entofquarksand gluons.In fact,alinearlyincreasingquark-antiquarkpairstaticpotentialprovidesthesim plestcriterion forcon nem ent,although unfortunately there isup to now no known way to analytically derive the con ning potentialfrom rstprinciples. However,asiswellknown,ithasbeen E-m ail:patricio.gaete@ s.utfsm .cl E-m ail:guendel@ bgum ail.bgu.ac.il


Becoming the family of a child with cerebral palsy is a complex process, demanding professional preparation from the health team, besides the ethical and esthetical aspects of these families' care process. In this context, the aim was to get to know how families of children with cerebral palsy perceive the health team's information transmission for care delivery to children with cerebral palsy. The study was based on the perspective of Heidegger and Gadamer. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was developed in Rio Grande-RS, Brazil, involving six families, with a total of nine subjects. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, later analyzed according to Thematic Analysis. When interpreting the information, incongruities were found between the health team's orientations and the families' demands for appropriate care delivery to children with special needs. It is relevant for health teams to be well equipped for holistic care delivery, focusing on the needs of these children and their families. DESCRIPTORS: Care. Disabled children. Family. Cerebral palsy. Nursing.


ACCIDENT REPORTS AND TEST EXPERIENCE HAVE SHOWN THAT MANY OF THE CURRENT GUARDRAIL TERMINAL DESIGNS, IN PARTICULAR THE UPSTREAM INSTALLATION END, ARE HAZARDOUS ROADISDE FEATURES AND MAY LAUNCH OR SPEAR AN IMPACTING VEHICLE. ALSO POOR STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS BETWEEN APPROACH GUARDRAIL AND BRIDGE RAIL HAVE CAUSED FATAL ACCIDENTS WHEN IMPACTING VEHICLES ARE POCKETED AT THE JUNCTURE. THE TWO OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH WERE TO: (1) FORMULATE NEW TRAFFIC BARRIER TERMINAL AND TRANSITION CONCEPTS AND (2) EVALUATE BY FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS SELECTED TRAFFIC BARRIER CONCEPTS. SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAFFIC BARRIER TERMINALS WERE FORMULATED, AND TWELVE TERMINAL AND THREE TRANSITION CONCEPTS WERE DEVELOPED. FROM THESE CONCEPTS, THREE FOR TERMINAL AND ONE FOR TRANSITION WERE SELECTED FOR FURTHER DESIGN AND EVALUATION EFFORT. THREE FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON THE FINALIZED GUARDRAIL TERMINAL DESIGN, WHICH HAD BEEN JUDGED TO BE MOST PROMISING AND WAS ASSIGNED TOP PRIORITY. END-ON CRASH TESTS OF THE TERMINAL WITH AND WITHOUT A HORIZONTAL FLARE WERE CONDUCTED. RESULTS OF THE TESTS INDICATE THAT BOTH CONFIGURATIONS DEMONSTRATED ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE IN VIEW OF CRASH SEVERITY; HOWEVER, THE FLATED TERMINAL DEMONSTRATED BETTER PERFORMANCE CONSIDERING VEHICLE DYNAMIC STABILITY. A 15-DEG ANGLE IMPACT IN THE SECOND SPAN FROM THE END DEMONSTRATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NEW TERMINAL AS AN ANCHOR; THE VEHICLE WAS SATIFACTORILY REDIRECTED, WITH NO DAMAGE OR DISTRESS IN THE BARRIER ANCHOR ASSEMBLY. ALL THREE TERMINAL TESTS RESULTED IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE SERVICE REQUIREMENTS THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN FORMULATED. THE BREAKAWAY CABLE TERMINAL IS RECOMMENDED FOR IMMEDIATE FIELD USE ON A TRAIL BASIS. FOUR FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS WERE CONDUCTED ON THE CHRISTIANI & NIELSEN HYDRAULIC POST TRAFFIC BARRIER SYSTEM, WHICH HAD BEEN DEVELOPED AND TESTED IN ENGLAND. A RAIL ELEMENT CONSISTING OF EITHER A W-BEAM OR A 4- IN.-DIAMETER TUBE WAS MOUNTED TO THE UNIQUE POST, WHICH FEATURES AN ENERGY ABSORBING UNIT. THE TUBULAR RAIL SYSTEM PERFORMED WELL IN A MEDIUM-SPEED TEST, BUT WAS PENETRATED TWICE IN STANDARD TESTS (4,000-LB VEHICLE, 60 MPH, 25 DEG). THE W-BEAM SYSTEM PERFORMED ADEQUATELY UNDER THE SEVERE CONDITIONS. ACCORDINGLY, ONLY THE W-BEAM SYSTEM IS RECOMMENDED FOR TRIAL USE; ITS USE IS SUGGESTED FOR LOCATIONS WHERE NUMEROUS MODERATE IMPACTS OCCUR.


This symposium essay focuses on national security surveillance and democratic legitimacy. The essay provides a very brief overview and history of the section 215 metadata program and the section 702 program. The essay recounts how much of the legal foundation for the section 702 program was widely debated in Congress. Members of Congress, advocacy groups, and the public were aware (or at least had the opportunity to make themselves aware) of the scope of the program, which was based in large part on the Terrorist Surveillance Program. The essay contrasts that record of public debate with the section 215 program, which relied upon a broad interpretation of a statute. That interpretation was argued in secret, issued in secret, not subject to appellate review, and not disclosed to members of Congress while they were debating whether the statute enabling the section 215 program should be renewed. The essay contends that this lack of democratic transparency is a significant failure of the FISA Court system, which the essay notes should be remedied. The essay then argues that FISC interpretive secrecy can be remedied by mandating appellate review of FISC opinions and orders and by imposing a requirement that all FISC opinions and orders are presumptively published, subject to appropriate redactions (with those redactions being subject to automatic appellate review).


Severe hypertension sometimes improves with treatment of bradycardia but this phenomenon is under‐reported. Here, an elderly gentleman with complete heart block and a hypertensive emergency was refractory to medical therapies and blood pressure only improved following pacemaker implantation. We discuss the possible mechanisms relating to heart rate and artificial pacing.


Thank you for reading neurological dysfunctions and nursing intervention. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this neurological dysfunctions and nursing intervention, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. neurological dysfunctions and nursing intervention is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the neurological dysfunctions and nursing intervention is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The magnitude of terrestrial groundwater discharge to coastal systems is poorly constrained due to complications associated with fluxes of recirculated seawater. It is essential to resolve the contribution of these two sources to the mixed zone to understand their impacts on coastal systems and the implications for water resource management, for example through organic matter re-mineralization and metal diagenesis. Pore water and surface water samples collected from a multilevel piezometer located 10 m offshore into the micro-tidal Indian River Lagoon, Florida and analyzed for total Rn show that that a mixed zone extends 25 to 35 cm below the seafloor (cmbsf). A water-column mass-balance model of Rn requires upward velocities of 1.2 to 6.96 cm day. In contrast, advection rates obtained using an optimizing, advection-diffusion-reaction model for pore water Rn activities require downward velocities of 0.9 to 4 cm day to match observed pore water distributions. The downward advection rates might be associated with piston-like flow resulting from wave/tidal pumping, bioirrigation, and/or density-driven convection, while the upward rates are driven by hydrostatic head from the mainland. 29.


To the Editor:

Goldstein et al1 reported a post hoc analysis of data from the Stroke Prevention with Aggressive Reductions in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial in order to determine the effects of high-dose atorvastatin in the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events in men and women. However, they did not mention how statin therapy increased the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in men and women.

In fact, in the SPARCL trial as compared …


Fungal morphogenesis development of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici was tracked on leaves freed of epicuticular wax using the scanning electron microscopy during successive times, 1 day post inoculation (dpi), 2 dpi, 3 dpi, 4 dpi, 5 dpi and 7 dpi. A conidium seen 1 dpi landing on a leaf showed spore germination and the presence of primary germ tube and the appressria formation revealing their dimensions. Appressorial germ tube has elongated and swollen to form an infection structure, the appressorium has a hooked apical lobe. At 2 dpi, the network of tubular cells forms the mycelial hyphae growing over the leaf surface being fed by a haustorium hidden inside the cell under the appresorium. By 3 dpi, colony consisted of mycelial hyphae with rare hyphal lobes. Appressorial lobes tightly adhered to the surface of epidermal cells. At 4 dpi, extensive hyphal growth and repeated penetration from hyphal appressoria resulted in the formation of further haustoria and bulbous conidiophores. On 5 dpi, bulbous conidiophores have started generating conidia. By 7 dpi, well-developed fungal colony were formed with many chains of conidia sticking up into the air and can be wind spread to initiate new infection cycles. We cannot be sure that removing of the waxes did not affect the pathogen's ability to produce conidial exudates or extracellular material from its germ tubes, appressoria, or hyphae. However, we believe this is unlikely, since removing of leaf waxes prior to inoculation has very little effect on many different aspects of fungal development.


The Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4 (STRAT4) is a CE-IVD marked, semi-quantitative, cartridge-based RT-qPCR assay for the detection of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2 (HER2), and MKi67 mRNAs from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumors. The assay is fast ( The aim of this multicenter clinical study was to assess the performance characteristics of the STRAT4 assay relative to central lab immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki67 and to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 gene amplification. Methods: A total of 200 archived primary invasive breast cancer FFPE blocks were sourced from Indivumed for this study. From each block, twelve (12) adjacent tissue sections (4-µm thickness) on slides were prepared for pathological HE 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-03.


This book is an interesting contribution to and update of previous literature that tried to understand the relative success of the Swedish music industry (or the 'Swedish Music Miracle' as Johansso...


Rhodium-catalyzed allylation of styrene with allyl tosylate
gave 1-phenylpenta-1,4-diene, and various styrene derivatives were also
allylated yielding 1,4-dienes or 1,5-dienes.


Synthesis of iron oxide FeOOH from FeCl3, followed by thermal transformation to form red hematite was conducted. The effect of pH and temperature calcinations was studied. The observed parameters were include crystal structure, grain size, color, particle size distribution, and morphology. The result showed that α-Fe2O3 structure with relatively pure and good crystallinity were found at all designated synthesis condition. The highest degrees of redness and chroma, uniformity of morphology and particle size distribution were achieved at pH 6, while the lowest degrees was formed at pH 8. The pigment at pH 6 has spherical-like shape with an average size of 0.16±0.057 μm. Instead, at pH 8 has spherical-like and cubic-like shape with an average grain size of 0.17±0.051 μm. The highest degrees of brightness, redness, yellowness and the highest chroma as well as smallest grain size of 0.15±0.052 μm were achieved at 800 C but at this temperature the crystal orientation of 006 was not appear and the presence of 2θ angle (63.99) were supposed as crystal defects and impurity. Key word: pigment, hematite, thermal transformations method, crystal, morphology INTRODUCTION Iron oxide is one of the metal oxide has been developed in various fields, for example as pigments [1]. These pigments have less toxicity, inert, and variety color ranging from black, yellow, brown, and red [2]. The highest demand of the iron oxide pigment is hematite which is usually provides red color [3]. Beside optical data, the geometrical important data of hematite are particle size, particle size distribution, and particle shape [4]. The particle size of hematite pigment is 0.1–0.5 μm. L* value of about 25-45, C* value of about 9-42, H value of about 21-57 [1]. Purity and properties of hematite pigments are influenced by some factors among other natural source iron [5], including method of synthesis, synthesis conditions such as pH and calcinations temperature [6]. A method has been developed to synthesize the pigment which is transformation of ferrihydrite in aqueous suspensions at acid-alkaline media [7], but it was ineffective because required 441 day to complete the reaction and also the reaction product was a mixture of goethite and hematite. The other was hydrolytic method which underwent for 10 days over an acidic media at 98 C. This method could produce particle size around 30-50 nm in average [8]. The distillation hydrolytic method has also reported produces a mixture both of hematite and magnetite [9]. This method was relatively shorter, completed at 180 C after 480 minute reaction. The product color was black, and the particle size was 40 μm. Another method was J. Pure App. Chem. Res., 2013, 2 (1), 27‐34 1 April 2013 X The journal homepage www.jpacr.ub.ac.id ISSN : 2302 ‐ 4690 28 thermal transformation which was able to produce hematite more selective. Thermal transformation of goethite was also produced hematite with particles size less than 1 μm [10], and with the same method, the resulting product was relatively pure hematite [11]. The condition of pH during synthesis significantly affect iron oxide resulted [6]. Thermal dehydration of iron oxide was undertaken in two stages. First, synthesis goethite at pH conditions between 5 and 7. Second, the reaction is followed by dehydration process at 750 C. This process produced a relative pure hematite pigment, but the particle size is less than 0.05 μm [11], which is unqualified as red hematite pigments. The similar method has also been reported by Silva [12]. The first step synthesis was firstly done at pH 12 and then continued by dehydration of goethite at 350 C. The product was reported contains a mixture of wustite, goethite, and hematite with particle size of 1.56 μm. Calcinations temperature was reported affects on the particle size resulted and degree of color. Synthesis of hematite pigment at 800 C for 2 hour produced a colored dark red hematite with L* (49.89) a* (8.14) b* (5.45) and particle size of less than 1 μm [10], while dehydration of goethite at 350 C for 2 hour produced hematite with particle size 1.56 μm and L* (72.5) a* (5.1) b* (41.8) [12]. Based on those facts, this paper report an examination results of the effect of pH and calcinations temperature during synthesis hematite pigment through thermal transformation of FeOOH. Similar parameters was previously reported able to affect the quality of resulted hematite pigments, which include the grain sizes, particle size distribution, crystal structure, color, and morphology of the pigments. EXPERIMENT Apparatus Furnace (Heraeaus) was used for the dehydration of FeOOH, where pH during synthesis of FeOOH was measured by Orion model 420A pH meter. The color value of hematite were measured by color reader (Minolta CR 10), while morphology of hematite were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI type Inspect-S50), and structure crystal was determined by X-ray diffraction (PAN analytical type Expert Pro). Reagent All reagent used in this experiment had analytical grades except for HNO3 (Technical grade). FeCl3.6H2O, NaOH, NaHCO3, HCl 37%, were purchased from Merck. Distilled water prepared by Kottermann 1302 was used throughout this experiment. Procedure Ferric Precursor Solution FeCl3 0.16 M was adjusted to pH 3.94 by adding appropriate amount of NaOH 4 M. This mixture was heated at 40 C for 30 minute, then temperature was raised to 70 C before addition of concentrate HNO3 (30 mL) along with stirring at 750 rpm. Finally, solution was heated at 100 C to form brown yellowness solid. Synthesis hematite at various pH Iron oxide FeOOH was synthesized according to Legodi and Wall method [11] with some modifications. Ferric precursor was prepared in 250 mL of distilled water. A 25 ml NaHCO3 0.5 M was added and adjusted to pH 6, 7, 8, and 9 by addition of NaOH 1 M and/or J. Pure App. Chem. Res., 2013, 2 (1), 27‐34 1 April 2013 X The journal homepage www.jpacr.ub.ac.id ISSN : 2302 ‐ 4690 29 HCl 1M. Solution was held to 70 C for 1 hour and stirred at 750 rpm. The solution resulted was cooled to reach room temperature to afford precipitate, and further decantation, was filtered off, and was washed with 300 mL of distilled water and finally dried at room temperature. The iron oxide FeOOH obtained as powder continuously was heated in the furnace at 750 C for 3 hour. The properties such as color, crystal structure, grain size, and shape were identified. Synthesis of hematite at various calcinations temperatures Ferric precursor was prepared in 250 mL of distilled water. A 25 ml NaHCO3 0.5 M was added and adjusted to pH 8 by addition of NaOH 1 M and/or HCl 1M. This solution was heated at 70 C for 1 hour and stirred at 750 rpm. This was further cooled to reach room temperature, and the precipitate resulted was decanted, filtered off and washed with 300 mL of distilled water and finally dried to room temperature. Iron oxide FeOOH powder was continuously heated in a furnace at 750, 800, 850 C for 3 hour. The properties such as color, crystal structure, grain size, and shape were further analysed for identification. Characterization The hematite pigments obtained were characterized through the determination of L*, a*, b* colorimetric by CIE Lab. Value of C* and H was calculated by formula [13]: C* = [(a*)2 + (b*)] H = tan (b*/a*), degree 0 ≤ H ≤ 360 The structure crystal of hematite pigment was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction type Expert Pro (PAN analytical) with graphite monochromatic Cu Ka radiation (1.54060 A ̊). Grain size was analyzed from XRD data using Schrerrer method [14]: D = In addition, morphology and particle sizes distribution was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 with pH variation The phase and purity of the product were first examined by XRD. Figure 1 shows a typical XRD pattern of the synthesized sample from FeCl3. All the reflection peaks can be readily indexed to hexagonal phase of α-Fe2O3 with lattice constants a=b= 5.026A and c= 13.735A which are in agreement with the standard values (ICSD code 415251). No other phase was detected in Figure 1, which indicated the high purity of the product. Figure 1 shows that all peaks at all pH variations have strong and sharp peaks, which indicates that the product has good crystallinity. The plane crystal was detected at all pH, which are 012, 104, 110, 006, 113, 202, 024, 116, 018, 214, 300, except direction crystal 006 at pH 9 does not appear. The product, which is formed from calcinations at pH 6,7, and 8, was α-Fe2O3. Transformation reaction of FeOOH to α-Fe2O3 by dehydration is [1]: 2 FeOOH(s) Fe2O3(s) + H2O(g) At pH 9, possible iron oxide formed in the synthesis is re-dissolved again. FeOOH which was formed react into Fe(OH)4. Fe(OH)4 is the dominant species that dissolved in highly alkaline aqueous solutions [15]. J. Pure App. Chem. Res., 2013, 2 (1), 27‐34 1 April 2013 X The journal homepage www.jpacr.ub.ac.id ISSN : 2302 ‐ 4690 30 Reaction of equilibrium stability constant of iron hydroxo complexes [1]: α-FeOOH + H2O + OH Fe(OH)4 Ks4 = -6.2 Figure 1. XRD pattern of hexagonal α-Fe2O3 a) pH 6 b) pH 7 c) pH 8 d) pH 9 Figure 2. The color of hematite pigment synthesized at pH 6 (a), 7 (b), 8 (c), and 9 (d) The intensities of XRD at pH 8 is the highest. This is also recognized by the color. The color of change is represented by a* (degree of redness) and b* (degree of yellowness). The color of hematite pigments are found in terms value of degree of yellowness, which is the lowest and the degree of redness, which is the highest. At pH 8, degree of yellowness is the lowest compared to the others, which is the differences in lines a* and b* are significantly wide. Figure 2 shows the hematite pigment synthesized at different pH. The degree of lightness of pigment afforded from synthesis at pH 8 is lower than those afforded in other pH, meanwhile the highest degree of redness, the highest degree of lightness, and the highest was obt


This research utilized interviews, focus groups, and surveys of U.S. Postal Service (USPS) and Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) employees to determine safety and coordination issues related to mail delivery on rural, two-lane highways without shoulders. Numerous crashes involving letter carriers have prompted this effort to identify ways to reduce the exposure of rural letter carriers on these types of highways, as well as to recommend innovative ways to improve coordination between the two agencies. This report contains the results and recommendations from that effort. Researchers addressed the following specific issues: mailbox placement design standards; mailbox turnout design criteria; U.S. Postal Service efforts to improve safety for their rural letter carriers; Texas Rural Letter Carriers' Association input on ways to improve safety for their members; and current TxDOT practices related to mailbox installation, turnout design, and coordination efforts with the U.S. Postal Service. This report includes data findings from the various studies and recommendations for improving safety for rural letter carriers, as well as ways for TxDOT and the USPS to improve coordination efforts.


Peptide synthesis is often defined as "the suitable combination of protecting groups and coupling reagents." This sentence can also be used to define the scientific career of Professor Louis A. Carpino, who revolutionized peptide synthesis through the development of new paradigms in both protecting groups and coupling reagents. This review addresses the contributions of Professor Carpino to the former, not from a historical perspective but rather with the intention of revisiting his work as inspiration for the development of new chemistries.


—Translators are becoming more and more popular and achieving reliable results since deep learning was born. English-Vietnamese machines translation (MT) still have limitations due to Vietnamese contain words with many different meanings, thus resulting in the lower accuracy of automatic MT systems. Our study applied Named Entity Recognition (NER) tool for Vietnamese sentences to determine the category of words in the English-Vietnamese parallel corpus with over 900K sentence pairs. Then, we performed experiments to assess the effect of NER on English-Vietnamese MT systems. The results showed that NER had a positive effect on MT with averagely 1.24 Bi-Lingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores and averagely 1.8 Translation Error Rate (TER) scores increased comparing to data without using NER.


The effects on the cross sections for the inelastic electron-deuteron scattering process e + d yields e + n + p of interactions between the outgoing nucleons are examined in detail. The cross sections are calculated in the first Born approximation with respect to the electromagnetic interaction using nucleon wave functions modified by the final state interactions. Crude estimates indicate that the peak value of the cross section d/sup 2/ sigma /(d OMEGA /sub e/ dE/sub e/') may be decreased by approximately 5 to 10% in the presence of such interactions. It is shown that additional decreases of approximately 5% will result when proper account is taken of the D-state component of the deuteron wave function. These changes in the cross section affect appreciably the determination of the neutron magnetic form factor from the experimental scattering cross sections. A new method of measuring the magnetic form factor based on the angular distribution of the outgoing nucleons is therefore proposed which eliminates almost all the uncertainties relating to the deuteron wave function and the effects of final state interactions. This method may also be used in conjunction with the dependence of the cross sections on the electron scattering angle to studymore » the behavior of the neutron charge form factor in the region of large momentum transfers. The polarization of the outgoing nucleons is also calculated. While significant information may in principle be obtained from polarization measurements, the required experiments do not appear to be feasible at the present time. The modifications of the cross sections resulting from relativistic effects are considered, and some uncertainties inherent in previous work are clarified. (auth)« less


Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were separated into theophylline-sensitive T cells (Tsen) and theophylline-resistant T cells (Tres); Tsen cells which lost the capacity to bind sheep red blood cells in the presence of the drug; Tres cells which were unaffected by the drug. Tsen cells could stimulate allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction, but could not stimulate autologous unseparated T cells (Ttotal). Tres cells did not have the ability to stimulate al'ogeneic and autologous cells.When we placed Tsen cells and Tres cells as responding cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte culture, both of the responses were significantly lower than that obtained when we placed unseparated T cells. These results suggest that the decreased autologous MLR may reflect an imbalance of Tsen cells and Tres cells.


Summary The effect of an intravenous load of non-isotopic inorganic phosphate following P32 on plasma clearance and on leukocyte labelling has been studied. Such a load produces immediate dilution of plasma phosphate activity, decreases rate of clearance of plasma radioactivity during the period of loading, diminishes the level of labelling of circulating leukocyte acid soluble and DNA phosphorus, and prevents development of a peak in DNA-P specific activity. The findings suggest that marrow labelling during the first 2 hours after P32 injection is responsible for development of the peak in DNA-P specific activity found in peripheral blood leukocytes.


Abstract Nicotinic acid and its derivatives were separated using adsorption TLC on aluminum plates precoated with a mixture of silica gel 60 and kieselguhr F254 non impregnated and impregnated with 2.5% and 5% aqueous solutions of CuSO4. The mixture of an acetone‐n‐hexane in different volume compositions was used as mobile phase. The obtained results of the investigations concerning the evaluation of chromatographic separations were considered in three groups, namely, 1st group: nicotinic acid (1), methyl nicotinate (2), ethyl nicotinate (3), isopropyl nicotinate (4), butyl nicotinate (5), hexyl nicotinate (6), benzyl nicotinate (7); 2nd group: nicotinic acid (1), nicotinamide (8), N‐methylnicotinamide (9), N,N‐diethylnicotinamide (10); and 3rd group: nicotinic acid (1), nicotinamide (8), 3‐pyridinecarbaldehyde (11), 3‐pyridinecarbonitrile (12), 3‐pyridylmethanol (13), methyl 3‐pyridyl ketone (14). Impregnation of the mixture of silica gel and kieselguhr with 2.5% and 5% aqueous solutions of CuSO4 causes a decrease of the RF values of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups of the compounds in relation to the RF values of these substances obtained on non impregnated solid support. Impregnation with a water solution of copper (II) sulphate (VI) of the mixture of silica gel and kieselguhr worsens the separation of the 2nd and 3rd groups of the investigated compounds. Improvement of the chromatographic separations is observed only in the case of esters of nicotinic acid (1st group of compounds). It was found that the spectrodensitograms of the studied compounds on impregnated plates and by use of Rhodamine B as visualizing reagent were different than the spectrodensitograms obtained on the plates without use of a visualizing reagent. Spectra of the investigated compounds on non impregnated plates and impregnated with aqueous solution of CuSO4 and without the use of a visualizing reagent have two or three absorption bands. Investigated compounds on the plates impregnated with the aqueous solution of CuSO4 and by use of Rhodamine B as visualizing reagent have one additional absorption band at λ≈560 nm. This fact has analytical significance in the identification of the investigated substances.


The invention discloses a biguanide anti-diabetes medicine, in particular to a metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated medicine compound. The medicine compound is provided with a. a hollow pill core; b. a biguanide anti-diabetes medicine active component layer which is covered outside the hollow pill core; c. an enteric-coated layer which is covered outside the biguanide anti-diabetes medicine active component layer. The invention also discloses a method of preparing the medicine compound.


Analysis and simulation of smart munitions requires imagery for the munition's sensor to view. The imagery is usually infrared and depicts a target embedded in a background. Mathematical models of such imagery are useful to munitions researchers. A mathematical model can synthesize a test scenario at a cost much less than that of actual data acquisition. To date, most research has focused on the modeling targets. It is essential, however, to test a munition's target acquisition algorithms on images containing targets superimposed on a wide variety of backgrounds. Consequently, there is a need for accurate models of infrared backgrounds. Useful models are difficult to create because of the complexity and diversity of imagery viewed by smart munition sensors. A model of IR backgrounds is presented that will, given a textured image, generate another image. The synthetic image, although distinctly different from the original, has the general visual characteristics and the first and second-order statistics of the original image. In effect, the synthetic image looks like a continuation of the original scene, as if another picture of the scene were taken adjacent to the original. The model is an FIR kernel convolved with an excitation function, noise added to the result, and followed by histogram modification. The paper describes a procedure for deriving the correct FIR kernel using a signal enhancement algorithm, and reports a demonstration of the model in which it is used to mimic several diverse textured images.


Treatment integrity data are essential to drawing valid conclusions in treatment outcome studies. Such data, however, are not always included in peer-reviewed research articles in school psychology or related fields. To gain a better understanding of why treatment integrity data are lacking in the school psychology research, we surveyed the authors of the 210 treatment outcome articles published in four school psychology journals from 1995 through 2008 regarding their perceptions of barriers to implementing treatment integrity procedures. Results indicated that (a) lack of theory and specific guidelines on treatment integrity procedures; (b) lack of general knowledge about treatment integrity; (c) time, cost, and labor demands; and (d) lack of editorial requirement were broadly perceived as barriers by school psychology researchers to implementing treatment integrity procedures. Implications for future research are discussed.


Based on the author's PhD research, this publication has all the characteristics of a German dissertation, most notably, a thorough, multidisciplinary approach, a wide scope, and a somewhat long-winded argument, which nonetheless results in a very readable book. Throughout the volume, Seelentag (henceforth S.) focuses on the notion of 'Herrschaftsdarstellung,' zooming in on various aspects of imperial representational politics during the reign of Trajan. It should be noted that English equivalents of the German 'Herrschaftsdarstellung' (usually rendered as 'representation of power') tend to obscure the ambiguity of the original term, which points to both hegemonic representation and selfrepresentation, and, at the same time, describes the process by which power is constituted and maintained. As such, the concept of 'Herrschaftsdarstellung' draws attention to the interrelations between representation and power, and it is precisely the dynamics of these relations that S. sets out to explore.


By immersing the mixed grain composition to saengbyeo and malt in water of 48 ~ 53 ℃ eluting the glycosylated enzyme; After dipping, the step of expensive and glycosylated in 62 ~ 68 ℃; The method comprising after the expensive and glycation, glycosylation inactivate the enzyme and filtered; Comprising the addition of hops to the saccharification liquid recovered through filtration, and ratio; And, after the ratio, the addition of yeast, and the step of fermentation; relates to a method for producing characterized in that it comprises a rice beer and thereby producing rice beer, without the use of a separate enzyme it is possible to produce a rice beer it is possible to reduce production costs, and to increase the amount of rice, a savory flavor, the flavor of hops and barley and rice bran unique flavor blends can be prepared an excellent rice beer sensual. Saengbyeo, rice, beer, malt aroma


Background: Background: Allogeneic Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) offers the only survival opportunity for refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML patients, as those patients responded insufficiently to chemotherapy. However, the overall survival (OS) rate after HSCT is reported to be only 20~40%. Aims: Aims: In this study, we made refinements in the conditioning regimen with both melphalan and busulfan, namely MCBC (the combination of melphalan, cladribine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide). We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of MCBC conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT 8 7 mortality (NRM) was 3.7±2.6%. Infection is the leading NRM cause. The incidence of Ⅲ and Ⅳ aGVHD was 10.71%. We furtherly performed univariant and multivariant analyses to identify the independent predictors of poor outcomes. Univariate analysis results revealed blast count ≥ 20% before transplantation, and absence of maintenance treatment post-HSCT were the risk factors that affected prognosis. Competitive risk modal analysis for multivariate analysis showed both high blast count pre-HSCT (HR 1.496, p=0.0015) and absence of maintenance treatment after HSCT (HR 2.050, p=0.0170) was the independent factor. Mucositis was the main reported regimen-related toxicity, and it was well tolerated. Summary/Conclusion: Summary/Conclusion: Our study confirms the excellent anti-leukemic capacity and good acceptable toxicity of MCBC conditioning regimen in R/R AML, that more than 70% patients could achieve leukemia free survival within the 1 st year after allo-HSCT. Furthermore, it is important to decrease leukemic blast burden pre-HSCT and perform maintenance treatment after transplantation as soon as possible.


There has been much debate in the past few years about the appropriate mathematics requirements for an undergraduate computer science major. The discussion has focused primarily on two issues: (1) the underlying mathematical content of computer science courses and (2) the content of mathematics courses which would serve as appropriate cognate requirements for computer science major programs. While this discussion has been helpful, it has been too narrowly focused--it has not started from an understanding of the relationship between the disciplines of mathematics and computer science, but rather has sought to identify mathematical prerequisites that computer science majors need in order to take existing computer science courses. This paper is a small step in seeking to apply an understanding of the relationship between the disciplines of mathematics and computer science to the undergraduate computer science curriculum.


Medium to high power electronic ballasts are typically designed with two power conversion stages. The first, PFC, stabilizes the voltage supplied to the second stage and forces the utility current to meet the required standard. The second, inverter section, stabilizes the arc in the lamp. To rely on the PFC section to provide the stability of the system, while the inverter operates in open loop, has several benefits since the complex short and long-term behavior of the lamp has no influence on the design and the dimming control is easily implemented. The inverter section is an LC/sub P/C/sub S/ resonant inverter designed to require minimum variation of the input voltage to supply constant power to the lamp. The paper shows the overall performance of the proposed power fed electronic ballast, paying special attention to the power stability under load changes.


The aim of this article is to show that statistical analysis and hermeneutics are not mutually exclusive. Although statistical analysis may capture some patterns and regularities, statistical methods may themselves generate different types of interpretation and, in turn, give rise to even more interpretations. The discussion is lodged within the context of a quantitative analysis of dream content. I attempted to examine the dialogical texts of reported dreams monologically, but soon found myself returning to dialogic contexts to make sense of statistical patterns. One could cogently argue that the reported statistical relationships in this study, rather than pointing to any interaction among the "signifieds," speak only to the relationships among the "signifiers" that were being played out through various actors on the analytic or scientific stage, since all of the constructs used in theorizing about, interpreting, and telling dreams come from the same discursive system.


Asphalt pavement performance evaluation is one of the most important basis for investment decisions. The existing evaluation system is not applicable to the asphalt pavement. We introduced the basic theory of matter-element method, analyzed the characteristics of matter-element method in asphalt pavement performance evaluation, and verified the applicability of it through examples.


91 stored serum samples were available, 12 of these were false-reactive results (as identified by the initial BIORAD test). When tested with the DetermineTM POCT all 12 were non reactive. Of the 79 true reactive INSTI tests, all were reactive when tested with the DetermineTM POCT. As a result of this study our clinic policy changed. All patients requesting an instant HIV test are tested using the INSTITM POCT; all individuals with a reactive result have a laboratory HIV test sent (4th generation HIV test-BIORAD) and also have a DetermineTM POCT performed. If both POCTs are reactive, patients are told that it is highly likely that this represents a true HIV-positive result; however if the DetermineTM test is negative patients are informed it is likely that the INSTITM result is a false reactive one. With either circumstance patients are made aware of the laboratory result being the definitive result. Since this policy was introduced, the second HIV POCT has correctly predicted the final laboratory result in 100% of cases. Allowing false-reactive tests to be identified at 'point of contact' makes testing low-risk populations using HIV POCT more practical by reducing 'falsepositive' associated patient anxiety.


This article describes the development and implementation of an Interprofessional Falls Prevention Program (IFPP) designed for community‐dwelling seniors. The program was a collaborative pilot research study conducted in a retirement home and an outpatient hospital setting. The pilot was successful and was positioned into a permanent falls prevention program. The IFPP aimed at improving physical function and balance and reducing the fear of falling in seniors with a history of falls. The pilot study included an interprofessional falls assessment followed by a 12‐week program of once‐weekly group education and exercise sessions, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up visits, and individual counseling. To measure program effectiveness, the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Falls Efficacy Scale, and the Morse Fall Risk Scale were used at baseline, upon program completion, and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Process measures were also collected, including patient satisfaction. Persistent improvements were found in participants' balance, strength, functional mobility, and fear of falling. Patient satisfaction with the program was high. Challenges faced in program implementation are also highlighted.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary rare earth (RE) supplementation on production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in late-phase laying hens. A total of 960 Lohmann Pink laying hens (380 d old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a 21-day feeding trial. There were 6 replicates in each treatment, with 32 hens per replicate. The five experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g/t RE in the basal diet. Compared with the control group, hens fed the 150 g/t RE diet had a greater average egg weight during the third week of the experimental period (p < 0.05). However, dietary 150, 300, or 600 g/t RE supplementation decreased the eggshell thickness of laying hens compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the serum biochemical parameters of laying hens among treatments except for the HDL-C concentration, which was higher in the 300 or 450 g/t RE-supplemented group than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, GSH-Px activity increased when hens were fed the 600 vs. 0 g/t RE diet (p < 0.05). But dietary supplementation with 600 g/t RE increased the ileum's crypt depth in laying hens compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in beta diversity of cecum microbiota in laying hens fed a 600 g/t RE diet in place of the other 4 experimental diets (p < 0.05). Compared with the control diet, dietary 600 g/t RE supplementation significantly decreased the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota (phylum) and Fusobacterium (genus) while markedly increasing the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (genus) and Subdoligranulum (genus) (p < 0.05). A high RE dosage negatively affects egg quality and intestinal morphology and alters gut microbiota diversity and composition. In contrast, a moderate RE dosage has beneficial effects on production performance in late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted regarding eggshell thickness to investigate whether dietary calcium levels must be adjusted when 150 g/t RE is supplemented for late-phase laying hens.


Annotation The article presents the problem of usage of humanitarian technologies in different kinds of physical culture activities. The mastering of humanitarian technologies by future experts in physical training promotes the formation among them a new competence necessary for successful activity in sphere «person-person». For revealing the attitude of students studying at the faculty of physical training to application in professional work of humanitarian technologies, the method of the repertoires lattices developed within the limits of the theory of individual personal construct of J. Kelly has been applied.


Provided is a film for packaging, when an object is placed at the center of the film, wrapped by twisting the ends of the film above the object and then allowed to stand for a preset period of time, said film being capable of retaining the twisted state and thus preventing the diffusion of an offensive smell. The film according to the present invention is a film for packaging that is formed of a resin film and characterized by having a twisting retention angle of 400° or greater.


Based on two different experiments and an optical field calculation, we show that the free‐carrier absorption αfc in Zn(Cd)Se/ZnMgSSe semiconductor lasers is about 4 cm−1 and that it is smaller than that of GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor lasers. We have measured the dependence of the L‐I characteristics on the cavity length of double heterostructure (DH) lasers under photopumped operation and of single quantum well‐separate confinement heterostructure (SQW‐SCH) lasers under current‐injected operation. For the DH laser, the total absorption coefficient αi and β×J0 product (β is a gain constant, and J0 is the nominal current density that makes the gain equal to zero) are estimated to be 4.2 cm−1 and 8.6×10 cm−1, respectively. For the SQW‐SCH laser, αi, β, and J0 are estimated to be 21 cm−1, 4.23×10−3 cm×μm/A, and 1.9×10−3 A/(cm2×μm), respectively. By calculating the optical fields of these lasers, we have estimated that the absorption in a GaAs substrate is 16.53 cm−1 in the SQW‐SCH laser and that it is negligib...


Rhionaeschna multicolor was reared from hatch to emergence in a controlled laboratory setting for the first time. Complete development at 20°C under natural photoperiod consisted of 13 stadia over 428 ± 3 days. Moult timing and total exuvia length tightly followed semi-log (R2 = 0.993, Sy.x = 0.349) and exponential growth curves (R2 = 0.984, Sy.x = 1.301), respectively, yielding a mean growth ratio of 1.26 ± 0.026. Winter diapause may persist through spring and summer photoperiods for late stadia nymphs in these conditions, potentially delaying adult emergence relative to nymphs reared in the wild. Further key words. Dragonfly, Anisoptera, ontogeny, nymph, instar, diapause, temperature Introduction Larval anisopterans are frequently used to address fundamental questions in physiology (Lee et al. 2018; Ubhi & Matthews 2018), ecology (Rudolf & Rasmussen 2013) and evolution (Mikolajewski et al. 2010). Despite this widespread use, complete larval development from egg to adult has been characterised in controlled laboratory conditions for relatively few species (Corbet 2002; Palacino-Rodríguez et al. 2018). As a result, much of what is known about development in many anisopterans is derived from field studies and/or trials in which only partial development occurs in a controlled setting (Corbet 2004). These studies are informative, but determining how factors such as temperature and photoperiod affect development is difficult without controlling conditions for the duration of the larval phase. Further, the absence of controlled conditions complicates comparisons between studies that attempt to better understand the diversity of larval development. Here, we rear Rhionaeschna multicolor (Hagen, 1861) from hatch to emergence under natural photoperiod at 20°C. This is the first record for complete development of R. multicolor at a stable temperature in a controlled laboratory setting. Rhionaeschna multicolor is one of the most commonly occurring dragonflies in western North America, ranging from Panama to southern British Columbia, Canada (Paulson 2017). This broad latitudinal distribution is associated with extensive natural variation in thermal and photoperiod regimes. As such, we hope our results will serve as a useful reference with which a wide range of laboratory and field experiments can be compared. Notulae odonatologicae 9(3) 2019: 103-108 – DOI:10.5281/zenodo.2677716


The photosynthetic characteristics and Cd accumulating capacities of two Helianthus tuberosus varieties(NY5,NY2) at different Cd concentrations(0,5,25,50,100,and 200 mg/L),were investigated for the potential use of H.tuberosus as a candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.1) The biomass of NY5 and NY2 were significantly reduced by Cd stress,but the reduction was less for NY5 than for NY2.2) The chlorophyll content of NY5 was lowest in the 100 mg/L Cd treatment,while for NY2,the lowest value was observed in the 25 mg/L Cd treatment.The carotenoids content of NY5 under Cd stress was higher than that of the control,while the opposite was observed for NY2.3) With the increase in Cd concentration,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) significantly decreased,but the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) was relatively stable.Water use efficiency(WUE) and stomatal limitation(Ls) of NY5 showed similar change trend under Cd stress with the lowest value observed at 50 mg/L Cd,while for NY2,there was little change.4) NY5 and NY2 had Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity at high concentrations of Cd stress,but the capacity of NY5 was greater than that of NY2.H.tuberosus may therefore be an excellent candidate for phytoremediation on Cd-contaminated soils,and NY5 may be better than NY2.


Based on railway power supply systems, this research integrates the protection system and SCADA system into one by using the LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) software, and then made it networked. Recently, due to the progress of wireless network technology, this study is designed to take advantage of the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), featuring in its small size, lightweight and the techniques of wireless network. Thus, the wireless network of PDA is adopted to develop a real-time supervisory control and analysis for power supply of railway systems. Furthermore, the system also uses graphic user interface (GUI) on the PDA to help users read information of power supply quickly. This study has implemented the voltage information analysis, current information analysis, power information analysis, current harmonic information analysis, monitoring the information of the digital relay, and set up protection argument of digital relays. Finally, it is tested by using a simulation system of the specially connected transformers in the laboratory.


Wall nucleation experiments have been performed in a vertical annulus test section for investigation of the bubble departure diameter and bubble departure frequency. The experimental data in forced convective subcooled boiling flow is presented as a parametric study of the effect of wall heat flux, local bulk liquid sub-cooling, liquid flow rate, and system pressure. The data is shown to extend the database currently available in literature to a wider range of system conditions. Along with the current database in forced convective flow, the available models for bubble departure size and frequency are reviewed and compared with the new data. The prediction of the bubble departure frequency is shown to require accurate modeling of the bubble departure diameter which has poor agreement with the experimental database.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This paper presents the results of the calibration of resistance factors for the pullout capacity of soil nails in three types of soil. The data and statistical parameters used in this calibration were obtained in a recent research program. The calibration was conducted using reliability methods, where the target reliability index was selected to be representative of structures with a relatively high degree of redundancy. The calibration used a Monte Carlo simulation with up to 10,000 random simulations for each variable. Calibrated resistance factors used in LRFD design were found to provide results that, on average, are comparable to those obtained using safety factors used currently in practice.


Excessive softening of fruits during the ripening process leads to deterioration. This is of significant global importance as softening-mediated deterioration leads to huge postharvest losses. N-glycan processing enzymes are reported to play an important role during climacteric fruit softening: however, to date these enzymes have not been characterized in non-climacteric fruit. Two ripening-specific N-glycan processing enzymes, α-mannosidase (α-Man) and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex), have been identified and targeted to enhance the shelf life in non-climacteric fruits such as capsicum (Capsicum annuum). The purification, cloning, and functional characterization of α-Man and β-Hex from capsicum, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families 38 and 20, respectively, are described here. α-Man and β-Hex are cell wall glycoproteins that are able to cleave terminal α-mannose and β-D-N-acetylglucosamine residues of N-glycans, respectively. α-Man and β-Hex transcripts as well as enzyme activity increase with the ripening and/or softening of capsicum. The function of α-Man and β-Hex in capsicum softening is investigated through RNA interference (RNAi) in fruits. α-Man and β-Hex RNAi fruits were approximately two times firmer compared with the control and fruit deterioration was delayed by approximately 7 d. It is shown that silencing of α-Man and β-Hex enhances fruit shelf life due to the reduced degradation of N-glycoproteins which resulted in delayed softening. Altogether, the results provide evidence for the involvement of N-glycan processing in non-climacteric fruit softening. In conclusion, genetic engineering of N-glycan processing can be a common strategy in both climacteric and non-climacteric species to reduce the post-harvest crop losses.


This paper explores the consequences for the secondary curriculum of education's forthcoming and fundamental transformation into the Digital Age. Piecemeal ICT "add-ons", once seen as innovative and ingenious, have become dysfunctional distractions, no matter how powerful the research and marketing behind them. The requirement from now onwards is for a creative, comprehensive (and conceivably cosmopolitan) learner-driven secondary curriculum, determined, owned and enjoyed by the students and conveyed by their teachers. As the Global School—the universal lifelong educational experience—eventuates, the substance, practice and consequences of education can and should become much more equitable, ethical and enjoyable (and far less competitive, test-oriented and world-of-work-dominated). The justifications for specific post-primary "Computer Studies" programmes evaporate once all subjects are digitally-embracing. These and other implications of this ground-breaking "Education based upon Digitisation" reality are investigated, focussing upon the secondary phase.


Oral-facial-digital syndrome type1 (OFD1) is an inherited disorder caused by expression of mutant OFD1 protein and results in abnormalities in facial and limb development and polycystic kidney disease that resembles Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). The similarities in renal disease pathogenesis in patients with OFD1 and ADPKD suggest that the proteins implicated in these diseases, OFD1 and the polycystins, respectively, function on a common pathway in the affected cell types. This calls for an investigation to uncover the mechanism by which OFD1 contributes to polycystic kidney disease pathogenesis, which remains unknown. This thesis details for the first time the assembly of a ciliary signaling microdomain containing OFD1, the polycystins, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the domain organizing flotillin


Human-Computer Interaction has attracted a lot of researchers in the recent past, having 3D Interaction as a prominent aspect of itself. The realization of virtual environments, and 3D environments in particular, has unarguably opened up a greater set of opportunities, thereby emerging out as an extensively researched domain. However, it has posed certain challenges to be addressed, with one of the most critical ones being navigation. Navigation in virtual environments is one of the primitive tasks in 3D interaction. As of the state of the art, there are numerous approaches currently being used for navigating in a virtual environment. However, most of them tend to break the sense of realism, and therefore turn out to be ineffective from a user experience standpoint. Although the hardware solutions to navigation try to solve these issues, they instead have other drawbacks that eventually make them infeasible to be adopted on a large scale. This is where the motivation behind our work comes from. In this paper, we briefly discuss the problem of navigation and the current approaches to it that are being employed. Further, we present a novel approach to navigate larger spaces in 3D virtual environments, which is inspired by demos and games pertaining to the Non-Euclidean World.


We investigate a novel Smith–Purcell terahertz source. This device is composed of an electron gun, a cylindrical resonator, a metallic grating, and a collector. The characteristics of the Smith–Purcell terahertz source are discussed with the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. In this device, coherent and high-power Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) at the terahertz frequency range can be produced for the reasonable parameters of charge energy and grating. Our results indicate that coherent SPR at 506.529 GHz with a power around 1000 W can be obtained for a grating of period l=0.3  mm operating at the beam energy E=50  keV and beam current I=10  A.


Summary During starvation circulating gonadotrophins fall precipitously whereas the content of hypophyseal gonadotrophin remains as high as under normal circumstances. This is in direct contrast to the usual situation in which pituitary gonadotrophin content accurately reflects the amount released into the circulation.


Five calves, 17 to 160 days of age, suggesting immunodeficiency was encountered in Shiga Prefecture from July to November in 1987. Clinically, the animals showed weakness immediately after birth and suffered from chronic diseases manifesting as recurrent diarrhea or pneumonia. Grossly, a remarkable atrophy of the thymus and lymphoid tissues in the lymphatic organs was common in all 5 calves. Various forms of bronchopneumonia in the lungs of 4 calves and purulent meningitis in one calf were detected histopathologically as a main lesion. Bacteriologically, Pasteurella multocida, Actinomyces-like organism, and Bacillus subtilis were significantly isolated from the pulmonary lesions. The isolation of Gram-negative rods from the brain affected with purulent meningitis was also significant and Aspergillus sp. was recognized immunohistochemically in granulomatous pneumoni lesions. Most of these microorganisms were well known to be comparatively low pathogenic. Therefore, the immunodeficiency, which was suggested by atrophic changes in the thymus and lymphatic organs, may be closely related to the development of infections with these microorganisms. These thymuses examined, provided with the differentiation of the cortex and medulla, the presence of Hassall's corpuscles and the increase of inter-lobular connective tissues were considered to be different from those of congenital hypoplasia. In order to clarify the causes of themic atrophy, however, further studies are needed.-


This Dissertation provides an analysis of the intellectual property rights of broadcasting organisations – a form of related or neighbouring rights. It gives an account for these rights in terms of international copyright law and economic theory, utilising a Law and Economic approach. A large portion of the dissertation focusses specifically on the topic of broadcast retransmission, and the rights involved.


This chapter describes the blood products which are commonly required as part of anaesthetic practice, including red cells, plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelet concentrate, and concentrated coagulation factor preparations. The essential components of patient blood management, aiming to reduce the requirement for transfusion, are described. The principles and practice of massive blood transfusion are described. The specific management of Jehovah's Witnesses, and other patients who decline blood transfusion, is discussed. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the common intravenous fluid preparations which are used in practice, and how to use them appropriately.


The present invention provides a system for transferring heat from the electrical enclosure. Electrical enclosure housing defining a region, one or more electrical devices housed in the housing area. Electric heat pump extends through the housing, the pump is configured to define a fluid transfer passage, the fluid used to transfer heat from the one or more electrical devices. Electrical heat pump channel relative to the housing is substantially sealed, and the sealing with respect to the area other than the electrical enclosure.


Nowadays, students have the opportunity to selfrealization and build an individual educational trajectory, as well as provides methods of automated support for the learner in choosing it. Thus, there is an individual educational trajectory (variational learning). Theoretical aspects of the justification of the educational trajectory already exist, then it becomes necessary to develop its practical application in the learning process. The article considers the technology of formation of the electronic educational trajectory is considered when the elearning system is used.


ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vii List of Tables xiii Nomenclature xiv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Purpose of the Research 1 1.2. Outline of the Thesis 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 2.1. Stability and Self-similarity in Mixing Layers 6 2.2. Second Moment Terms in Developing Mixing Layers 9 2.3. Development of Turbulent Mixing Layers in Highly Turbulent Environments 10 2.4. Vortical Structures and Three-Dimensionality 13 2.5. Airfoil Trailing Edge Vortices 17 2.6. Numerical Simulations in Transitional to Turbulent Shear Layers 18 Chapter 3: Governing Equations and Numerical Schemes 20 3.1. Governing Equations 20 3.2. Initial Conditions for Turbulent Parameters 26 3.3. Numerical Schemes 28 3.4. Time Steps 30 3.5. Parallel Processing 31 Chapter 4: Grid Description and Boundary Condition Setup 33 4.1. Geometry and Grid Generation 33 4.2. Boundary Conditions 42 Chapter 5: Laminar Mixing Layers Results and Discussion 45


The toddler age group is most often suffering from malnutrition such as stunting. The directcause of stunting is malnutrition due to lack of nutritional intake and the illness of the toddler.This study aims to find out in depth the pattern of parenting against the incidence of stuntingin infants. This research was conducted in Gianyar-Bali where the place is one of the districtswith a high incidence of stunting in Bali and became a pilot project handling stunting inIndonesia. Research methods using a qualitative descriptive approach by conducting in-depthinterviews with 8 informants, consisting of 4 housewives, 2 families, 1 cadre and 1 healthworker. Data analysis using thematic analysis. The results of the study: There are 5 principlesof the success of parenting care for toddlers such as: feeding directly or helping children feedthemselves, feeding slowly and patiently can encourage children to want to eat, a goodresponse to food rejection, providing food in a safe environment, time eating is a time to learnand love. In addition, there are determinants of behavioral influences that are supportive suchas knowledge, perception and availability of mother's time. And there are also inhibitingfactors that can be positive or negative such as the presence or absence of support fromvarious parties. Providing quality food to children is needed to prevent early stunting.


ONE ONE of the most intriguing problems of rotifer biology is the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction observed in many species belonging to the order Ploima. These rotifers usually multiply by diploid, female parthenogenesis, but relatively short periods of biparental reproduction may intervene. This alternation of modes of reproduction may be more precisely defined as a change from amictic-female production to mictic-female production. Both types of these females are apparently identical morphologically but differ in the kind of egg they lay. The amictic female lays diploid eggs which always develop parthenogenetically into females. The mictic female lays haploid eggs which develop parthenogenetically into males, if unfertilized, and into thick-walled resting eggs, if fertilized. These highly resistant eggs hatch into amictic females after a diapause period of exceedingly variable length. The sexual process, then, is the result of mictic-female production, and so the important point to consider with respect to the transition from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction is the stimulus inducing the diploid, parthenogenetic eggs


A 51-year-old woman with no relevant past medical history was referred for a transthoracic echocardiogram to investigate non-specific dizziness which subsequently resolved without intervention. The clinical examination was unremarkable, and she was in sinus rhythm. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a hypoplastic posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL) (Figure 1) with no significant mitral regurgitation (Figure 2). The anterior mitral leaflet was elongated and sail-like in shape with complete coaptation of leaflets in ventricular systole and with no associated anterior leaflet prolapse. There was no concomitant valvular disease and her heart was otherwise structurally and functionally normal. Presentations of PMVL hypoplasia rarely occur in adulthood. Generally, this pathology presents in childhood, most commonly with symptomatic mitral regurgitation. Aplasia of the PMVL [true unileaflet mitral valve (ULMV)] is usually incompatible with life and leads to death intra-utero or in early infancy. However, recent literature suggests that the prevalence of hypoplastic PMVL in asymptomatic patients may be higher than previously expected, and cases have been diagnosed in formerly asymptomatic elderly patients. A prospective study carried out in Germany containing 26 484 patients found the prevalence of hypoplastic PMVL to be 1:8800, although this is acknowledged to be an overestimate as an echo cohort contains patients with suspected or known structural heart disease. A recent literature review found that a total of 21 adult cases of PMVL hypoplasia (n = 12) and ULMV (n = 9) have been described. In


Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging systems reconstruct hidden scenes using computational methods based on indirect light that diffusely reflected from relay walls. Due to the computation and memory requirements of reconstruction algorithms, real-time NLOS imaging for room-size scenes based on non-confocal data has long been challenging. This paper proposes a field programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator for the recently proposed Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Diffraction (RSD)-based NLOS reconstruction method. In the proposed accelerator design, ring sampling and radius sampling techniques are proposed to reduce the memory requirements by reconstructing the RSD kernels with a set of kernel bases and ring sampling coefficients during the runtime. Based on that, a customized hardware architecture and the corresponding FPGA design for real-time RSD-based NLOS reconstruction is further proposed. Implementation results show that the proposed FPGA accelerator is capable of reconstructing NLOS scenes at 25 frames per second (FPS), running at a relatively slow clock frequency of 50 MHz. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first real-time enabled FPGA accelerator for room-size NLOS imaging with a resolution of $128\times 128$ .


A final criticism concerns the broader significance that Linebaugh gives to the story of the hanged. He treats them as working-class heroes, victims of rising capitalism, imperialism, and repressive state power, heirs apparent to the Levellers, Diggers and John Bunyan. If such claims are to be taken seriously, the high moral ground on which the hanged are assumed to have stood needs firmer foundations. Yet we are told little about the overall pattern of their crimes. A particularly glaring omission is a breakdown of the offences of which they were convicted, which presumably the Ordinary described. Were they mainly hanged for property crimes? How many committed violent crimes such as murder or rape? We are given little evidence to support analogies between the hanged and the political and religious radical of the seventeenth-century English Revolution. Documentation is also not provided to support the view that a well-developed working-class consciousness existed in the period; instead, its existence is assumed. There is much to admire in Linebaugh's book, and a good deal to question. A.L. Beier Illinois State University


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate waste at a Portuguese university setting in order to suggest improvements on foodservice sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The work was developed during four weeks in order to allow the evaluation of parameters of an entire menu cycle. The index of waste/consumption (%) was obtained by the ratio between plate waste and the quantity of foods distributed, subtracting the weight of leftovers. Findings – The average index of waste/consumption was approximately 24 percent, higher in the days with a fish menu, values considered unacceptable. Each canteen user is served with approximately 940 g of foods, from which only 660 g were effectively consumed, corresponding to 80 g of leftovers and 200 g of waste. Originality/value – It seems possible and desirable to reduce food waste in order to optimize food unit profitability and sustainability. Reducing food waste will contribute to improve foodservice quality as well as consumer's satisfaction. Potenti...


The study investigated the effects of group-writing on learners at an institution of higher learning who worked in cooperative based writing groups (group-writing henceforth) and individually. 117 undergraduates participated in this quasi-experimental study for 14 weeks. The learners were
grouped in groups of three or four. A mixed-design approach was employed in data collection. Questionnaires were administered and semi-structured interviews were carried out to elicit information. The results indicated a favourable view of group-writing as an instructional approach in English as a second language (hereafter ESL) writing classrooms. The learners in the group-writing cooperated with each other on assigned tasks. The results
revealed that there was a significant difference between the experiment and control groups, whereby the m 39.3 772 value for the experimental group while m 28.1149 for the control group at (0<,05). This obviously shows that the learners in the experimental group have out performed the learners who worked individually. As they had more opportunities to work together, they built a strong perception of group cohesion and responsibility for other's
learning which gradually helped them become autonomous writers. This study adds insights into pedagogical approaches used in ESL centres of higher learning and recommendations are suggestedfor further research.


During the periods of social isolation to contain the advance of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, educational institutions have had the challenge to adopt technological strategies not only to ensure continuity in students' classes, but also to support their mental health in a period of uncertainty and health risks. Loneliness is an emotional distress caused by the lack of meaningful social connections; it has increasingly affected young adults worldwide during the pandemic's social isolation and still bears psychological effects in the current post-pandemic period. In the light of this challenge, the Nonenliness App was developed as a way to bring together university communities to address issues related to loneliness and mental health disorders through a gamified and social online environment. In this paper, we present the app and its main functionalities (Beta version) and discuss the preliminary results of a pilot clinical study conducted with university students in Germany (N = 12) to verify the app's efficacy and usability, alongside the challenges faced and the next steps to be taken regarding the platform's improvement.


This paper analyzes the decision of a multinational firm from a developed country to slice a production chain and to allocate different tasks in the production chain globally. The process involves a wide range of tasks that varies from very routine jobs to research and development (R&D) intensive work. We find that under certain conditions, a drop in offshoring costs (1) leads to more slicing (an increase in the length of production chain) and more offshoring, (2) stimulates R&D, and (3) raises employment in the developed country.


We study the behavior of granular materials at three length scales. At the smallest length scale, the grain-scale, we study inter-particle forces and "force chains". Inter-particle forces are the natural building blocks of constitutive laws for granular materials. Force chains are a key signature of the heterogeneity of granular systems. Despite their fundamental importance for calibrating grain-scale numerical models and elucidating constitutive laws, inter-particle forces have not been fully quantified in natural granular materials. We present a numerical force inference technique for determining inter-particle forces from experimental data and apply the technique to two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems under quasi-static and dynamic load. These experiments validate the technique and provide insight into the quasi-static and dynamic behavior of granular materials. At a larger length scale, the mesoscale, we study the emergent frictional behavior of a collection of grains. Properties of granular materials at this intermediate scale are crucial inputs for macro-scale continuum models. We derive friction laws for granular materials at the mesoscale by applying averaging techniques to grain-scale quantities. These laws portray the nature of steady-state frictional strength as a competition between steady-state dilation and grain-scale dissipation rates. The laws also directly link the rate of dilation to the non-steady-state frictional strength. At the macro-scale, we investigate continuum modeling techniques capable of simulating the distinct solid-like, liquid-like, and gas-like behaviors exhibited by granular materials in a single computational domain. We propose a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approach for granular materials with a viscoplastic constitutive law. The constitutive law uses a rate-dependent and dilation-dependent friction law. We provide a theoretical basis for a dilation-dependent friction law using similar analysis to that performed at the mesoscale. We provide several qualitative and quantitative validations of the technique and discuss ongoing work aiming to couple the granular flow with gas and fluid flows.


This project deals with a motion kit composed by a central PLC, two servodrives and servomotors, 2 photocells, an HMI and different amounts and types of inputs and outputs. By the use of this hardware, the different possibilities of control going further than a classic velocity/frequency are evaluated, and it is also able to control other variables as position and torque. To show the capabilities of servomotors, first we would focus on every control individually and then we would mix all of them in a real motion project: packaging. To integrate these possibilities in our real hardware the vertical packaging machine has been chosen, which fits the hardware at the Omron Learning Kit in most parts.


A hardware-implemented rule-based expert system 11 (REX) includes a working memory 12 in which, at the beginning of an inferencing operation, is stored known information or facts pertaining to the application domain; and a memory 13 for storing a rule set 15 comprised of a series of instructions, each defining a condition or an action. Means is provided for loading from the rule memory into working memory successive instructions of the rule set, and a logic means 12 is provided for successively executing the instructions in working memory with reference to the stored facts to thereby deduce new facts. As new facts are deduced, they are stored in working memory and may be used during the execution of subsequent instructions of the rule set to derive additional facts. Upon the completion of the inferencing operation, the facts stored in working memory are transferred, 14, to an output device.


Abstract : The HELP computer code (BRLHELP) which is maintained on the CDC 7600 computers at the Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland and the Ballistic Missile Defense Advanced Technology Center in Huntsville, Alabama, is described. Three shaped charge design applications, a 43 mm conical shaped charge, a hemispherical shaped charge, and an impacting copper wedge, are discussed. Input decks and selected output for each problem are listed, and results are compared with experiments. The energy formulation in the HELP code is analyzed and the cause of the unphysical internal energy values is identified.


Neurobiological mechanisms of action underlying psychiatric medications largely remain poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated potential effects of tricyclic drugs on the brain noradrenergic system by characterizing their interactions with and effects on α2A adrenergic receptors (ARs), beginning with the primarily noradrenergic antidepressant desipramine (DMI). DMI was found to be an orthosteric arrestin‐biased ligand at the α2AAR, selectively inducing recruitment of arrestin (observed by FRET) but not activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Arrestin recruitment results in DMI‐driven downregulation of receptor expression with chronic exposure, a process which occurs for cortical α2AARs in vivo in an arrestin‐dependent fashion and likely underlies mechanistically unexplained neuroadaptive alterations in α2AAR expression associated with DMI. As well, we screened a number of tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics as receptor ligands, and found that all tested thus far bind the α2AAR orthosteric site with varying affinities and differing abilities to drive receptor trafficking responses. Our findings provide novel insight into tricyclic pharmacology at α2AARs which could be used to develop novel therapeutic targeting of the noradrenergic system in depressive disorders and schizophrenia. Supported by NIMH grant MH081917 (QW) and NIH T32 training grant NS061788‐03 (CC).


Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of aminopyridazinone derivatives of Meldrum's acid at 600 °C (0.02 Torr) results in generation of an imidoylketene intermediate followed by cyclisation. In the case of the 5-amino derivatives, the products are pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazines, whereas the 4-amino compounds lead to mixtures of pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazines and pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridazines. The feasibility of the 1,5-sigmatropic shift of a chlorine atom, required for the formation of two of the pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazines, was supported by the corresponding reaction of a corresponding 2,6-dichloroaniline derivative. The feasibility of the decarboxylation mechanism required for the formation of the pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridazines, was supported by related processes in the FVP reactions of model compounds and by DFT calculations.


De-icing is widely utilized in Northeast China for its removal of snow and ice.However,the remain of frozen salt from de-icing on concrete roads can lead to erosion.The paper will analyze the mechanism of the damage caused by frozen salt from de-icing and propose measures to prevent early damage to concrete roads.By studying the status of the damaged to concrete roads brought by de-icing salt,it will be both instructive and conducive to lab research on road design in Northeast China.


Abstract In Poland, the cadastre is the basic register which is the source of information on cadastral entities and their property. Therefore, it should constitute a reliable source of information in the scope of establishing the range of law, its nature, but also the subject of its ownership. However, it is necessary to be able to not only check the current information on the legal status and its scope, but also review past statuses or determine the rights that will influence real estate in the future. The cadastre and related rights are changing very dynamically over time, and each state has a very strict reference to the previous state. Therefore, in order to manage real estate in the most effective way, it is necessary to record temporal attributes of cadastre objects. The main objective of this paper is to define the legal issues related to the possibility of registration at the time of creation or modification of object in the Polish cadastre. This paper includes analyses of both Polish legal regulations and European standards and norms. Moreover, the article presents the results of comparative analyses concerning the data model of cadastre and INSPIRE and Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) data models for the theme cadastral parcel in terms of temporal aspect.


Based on the analysis of international and domestic experience of using cluster technologies in national economy the article highlights their positive effect on the regional socio-economic development and identifies existing constraints for applying them in Russia. The article specifically focuses on agro-industrial production and its role in regional development in the Russian Federation, showing how cluster technologies can change the dynamics of the agrarian regions. Using process approach to management methodology the authors present a conceptual framework of agro cluster and the main stages of building agro cluster embedded in a regional economic system. Consistent implementation of these stages will help convert agro-industrial complex into one of the key sectors of the national economy and to build agro-export potential of Russia.


Five species of Hygrophoraceae are described for the first time from Mexico. Two belong to the genus Hygrophorus and three to Hygrocybe. These species are Hygrophorus calophyllus Karst., H. hypothejus (Fr.) Fr., Hygrocybe cuspidata (Pk.) Murr., H. spadicea (Scop. ex Fr.) Karst, and H. unguinosa (Fr.) Karst.


We report first principles investigation of time-dependent current of molecular devices under a step-like pulse.Our results show that although the switch-on time of the molecular device is comparable to the transit time, much longer time is needed to reach the steady state. In reaching the steady state the current is dominated by resonant states below Fermi level. The contribution of each resonant state to the current shows the damped oscillatory behavior with frequency equal to the bias of the step-like pulse and decay rate determined by the life time of the corresponding resonant state. We found that all the resonant states below Fermi level have to be included for accurate results. This indicates that going beyond wideband limit is essential for a quantitative analysis of transient dynamics of molecular devices.


For the issue about the uncertainty of the interval arithmetic in the process of multiple attribute decision making,set pair analysis is conducted about the interval number properties.Taking advantage of the uncertainty and certainty of interval number,and the relationship between quantitative characteristics and spatial characteristics,a new principle of addition operations for interval number is defined,as well as a new criterion for interval number size discrimination.Practices of this methods show its convenience and practicability in multiple attribute decision making with interval numbers.


Community awareness is an essential factor in the control and prevention of communicable diseases, especially the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study investigates the level of COVID-19 awareness in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia in the areas of signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and prevention. A descriptive correlational, cross-sectional study design was used. The researcher-devised questionnaire was validated and was found reliable with Cronbach Alpha of 0.92. The majority of the 501 participants who responded to the questionnaire were extremely aware of COVID-19 in terms of signs and symptoms, modes of transmission and preventive measures. YouTube, Television and WhatsApp were the main sources of information regarding COVID-19. The awareness level about COVID-19 in Tabuk was exceptional based on the questionnaire scores, and the source of information reflected the concern of the studied population.


Understanding, quantifying, and controlling the networked T-cell signaling pathways will impact the understanding and potential treatment design for several immunologically-related and malignant diseases. Currently most T-cell signaling pathways have been mapped out in terms of their demonstrated interactions and participating elements; however, the quantification of these pathways and the identification of rate-limiting interactions, and controlling feedback mechanisms remain to be delineated. A mathematical model of the T-cell MAPK signaling pathway has been constructed to assist in this quantification and delineation. This model is a hybrid model comprising a stochastic module capturing T-cell receptor stimulation, and a deterministic module composed of nonlinear differential equations to simulate the subsequently induced MAPK activation. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement by a MHC-peptide complex, the affinity of the peptide-TCR bond and the surface density of engaged receptors modulates the phosphorylation state of the CD3 /spl zeta/-chain which in turn controls the induction of signaling pathways (including the MAPK). Our stochastic module incorporates these probabilistic events and integrates them with the deterministic module capturing the downstream MAPK signaling pathway through an initiation event. Simulations and analysis have helped delineate the signaling pathway.


Solidarity is a principle which governs several regulations in the field of family law as is self evident. Family members are normally expected to support each other according to the new Hungarian Civil Code,1 namely Act No. V. 2013 (NHCC), as they were expected to do so in the frames of the Family Act, as well. The Fourth Book of NHCC gives detailed rules on family law which was regulated in an independent Act, the Family Act, namely Act No. IV 1952 on marriage, family and guardianship before the NHCC. Family members' solidarity may be interpreted both vertically and horizontally. Vertical family relationships are generally those between relatives in a direct lineal way, namely parents and children, grandparents and grandchildren. Horizontality occurs between partners, whether spouses or partners outside marriage. There are two legitimate partnerships without marriage in the Hungarian law, cohabitation and registered partnership. The paper examines solidarity in vertical and horizontal family relationships and briefly provides a rather wider aspect to the whole issue. As solidarity exists or is presumed to be exist as a moral intention and not only as a legal obligation, this paper is intended to give a snapshot of the demographic background both from the European and Hungarian viewpoint. The aim of the introduction and analysis of maintenance regulations in the NHCC is to point out the close connection between the maintenance rules in the NHCC and those in the Family Act while emphasising some new elements. The main types of family law maintenance are considered as maintenance between relatives, former spouses and child maintenance, including the maintenance of a grown-up child who pursues further studies. Finally, one issue with regard to the Principles of European Family Law is mentioned. Although this contribution is limited to very few other-than-law aspects, the issue of family maintenance is an interdisciplinary one as, for Orsolya Szeibert*


Emission dispatching is conducted to calculate the lowest amount of emission while generating satisfying output to the load demand. The utilities are restricted by emission regulation that limits the emission level to a certain amount. This paper proposes emission dispatch with multiple fuel option (EDMFO) to determine the optimal emission level. The EDMFO allows the operators to select different type of fuel according to the generation level and requirement. The emission dispatch problem is optimized by using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT) technique. Validation process is conducted by comparing DEIANT with several optimization approaches including ACO and EP. The comparison took places in IEE 57-Bus RTS. Results indicate that DEIANT is superior in terms of calculating the lowest emission level, lower operating cost and the best selection of fuel according to the generation requirement.


From the development of the coal mine substation monitoring,the design backgraaund of embedded monitoring system of coal mine substation the requirements of embedded monitoring system for software and hardware,the research status of domestic and foreign to embedded coal mine monitoring of substation design is introduced,in order to provide a reference for monitoring design of late coal mines substations.


In this article, we propose laser actuated microjoints which can be remotely actuated in both air and water. Their actuation relies on the optothermal response of a spiral bimaterial. The microjoints are fabricated using two-photon polymerization technology that offers the ability to tune the thermal and mechanical properties of the material by controlling the laser printing power. Modeling is first conducted to verify the parameters of the spiral that affect the rotational displacement and generated torque of the microjoint. Then, microjoints having a diameter of less than 200 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m are characterized. The microjoints can realize a maximum deflection of approximately 8.5<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>, a force in the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>N-order using a 265-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m long arm, an actuation repeatability of more than 100 times, and a time response of approximately 34 ms. Finally, the microjoints are implemented in a microgripper and an xy serial microarm. Successful micromanipulation of 40 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m microbeads using the microgripper, and the simultaneous actuation of multiple microjoints of the xy serial microarm with two degrees of freedom are shown. This kind of rotational, compact, selective, and remotely actuated microjoints would allow the deployment of individually controlled mobile microrobots with several degrees of freedom for complex applications such as cell manipulation and microassembly.


Aims:  To investigate if the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) voiding‐to‐storage subscore ratio (IPSS‐V/S) can help to guide the treatment for male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).


OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and the changing pattern of e-cigarette use from preconception to pregnancy.

METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study using data from the multi-site Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in the United States, 2016-2017. All participating mothers with information on e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy were included. Self-reported information about e-cigarette use were assessed using questionnaires. Weighted prevalences of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy were calculated. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between various demographic characteristics and e-cigarette use before or during pregnancy.

RESULTS
This study included 69,508 pregnant women from 38 states in the United States. The weighted prevalence of e-cigarette use before pregnancy and during the last 3 months of pregnancy was 3.6% (95% CI 3.4%-3.9%) and 1.1% (0.9%-1.2%), respectively. The prevalence varied across states, ranging from 1.3% to 8.3% for e-cigarette use before pregnancy and from 0.1% to 3.4% for e-cigarette use during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy, 24.4% (21.7%-27.1%) continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes during pregnancy, 62.3% (56.5%-68.0%) were dual users. In multivariable analyses, cigarette smoking was most strongly associated with e-cigarette use. The adjusted odds ratio comparing smokers with non-smokers before pregnancy was 11.0 (95% CI 9.3-13.1) for e-cigarette use before pregnancy and 6.7 (95% CI 4.4-10.3) for e-cigarette use during pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS
Using data from 38 states in the USA, we showed geographical variations in the prevalence of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy, a quarter of them continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Conventional cigarette use is a strong risk factor for e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy. The prevalence of e-cigarette use needs to be monitored continuously.

IMPLICATIONS
This study provides important information to understand the status and changing patterns of e-cigarette use in pregnant women in the USA. Among pregnant women in 38 states in the United States, 3.6% of them used e-cigarettes during the 3 months before pregnancy and 1.1% used them during the last 3 months of pregnancy. The prevalence varied across states. A quarter of women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Cigarette smoking is the strongest predictor of e-cigarette use. Future research about health effects of e-cigarette use during pregnancy is in urgent need.


The authors acknowledged that there was an error in the preparation of these figures. However, they no longer have the data underlying the results shown in the panels in Figure 4, and they were unable to replicate these results using the same experimental conditions. Due to the concerns about the integrity of the results, and the absence of data reproducing the findings, the authors have concerns about the validity and robustness of the results reported and have requested the retraction of this article. The authors apologize to the readers and editors of PLOS ONE.


Abstract Although the deployment of carbon fibre structural components has enjoyed wide success on smaller aircraft, their acceptance on larger transport airframes is less sanguine – especially in the case of primary structure applications where the increasing out of plane loads found on the larger airframes have exposed the weak interlaminar properties of the layered material system. This has led to an overreliance on mechanical attachments to suppress these through thickness failures, which ultimately degrades structural performance and increases manufacturing costs. Until these resin dominated failure modes can be dealt with more effectively, without adversely affecting the in plane properties of the laminate, the true weight-savings potential afforded by carbon fibre material systems will be difficult to attain. This paper describes how researchers at NASA-LaRC and The Boeing Company are working to develop a next generation stitched composite design solution that addresses the fundamental challenges in achieving improved structural performance and reduced fabrication costs for large carbon fibre airframe structures.