The project has had two main aims. The first has been to examine whether it is possible to increase the degree to which predicted horizontal deformations, simulated in the finite element software Plaxis 2D, correlate to inclinometer readings, compared to previously conducted investigations regarding soil movement around two excavations at Lärjeholm, Gothenburg. The second objective has been to investigate the impact, which the modeling of fabric anisotropy and soil behavior at small strains, has on the predictions of the horizontal soil deformations in the clay at the site, and also whether the anisotropic soil model S-CLAY1, which until now has not been used in an analysis of an unloading problem, manage to produce realistic results in this context. The other models used in the simulations have included modified Cam clay, Hardening Soil and HS Small, the latter of which was used due to its implementation of the Small-Strain Overlay model, accounting for higher soil stiffness at small strains. The findings of the report included indications that anisotropy and soil behavior at small strains has a significant impact on the predicted horizontal deformations, but also that the degree to which the modeling of the two phenomena contribute to improved results, is largely dependent on the accuracy of input parameters, as well as the type of problem being analyzed.


Epilepsy is the most common of chronic neurological disorders and it imposes the biggest burden on health care systems. It varies greatly in its clinical features, aetiology, severity, and prognosis and its association with other neurological disabilities. For this reason, many different disciplines may be responsible for supplying care, including neurologists, paediatricians, geriatricians, psychiatrists, and specialists in mental handicap, and in all spheres, the professions allied to medicine have an important input. Unfortunately, services for people with epilepsy in the United Kingdom are poorly developed, and vary considerably from region to region. The quality of care they offer is varied but often quite poor. A number of reasons are apparent for this, the prime being that British neurology has remained a small specialty and one in which few British neurologists have epilepsy as a major interest. This has meant that many patients with epilepsy are managed by clinicians without appreciable neurological training.


Production-function analysis, a correlation-based analysis, has been used for years to evaluate whether resources deposited into the educational process yielded a definitive result. For example, it has been used in several state cases as a measure of equity in educational funding. This paper is of the opinion that correlation-based analyses are not accurate reflections of the relationship between educational expenditures and student achievement and offers an alternative methodology based on t-tests and other tests of mean differences. Data from the State Departments of Education of Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island. South Dakota, and Virginia--states that have been involved in equity lawsuits--were analyzed using both production-function analysis and t-test-based methods. The data produced by tests of means differences indicate a significant relationship between instructional expenditures and student achievement, a relationship which production-function analysis failed to show. Sixteen tables are included. (Contains 23 references.) (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** The States Where Money Has Been Shown to Make a Difference in School Achievement U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and liareovernont EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION 1114:his OccumeiCnEINhTitEr (ER1Cn )reproduced as received from the person or offasnizetion originating it 0 Minor changes nave been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of vary/ or oprnions stated on this document do not necessarily represent officio! OERI Mutton or policy John S. O'Neil Jimmie C. Fortune Abbot L. Packard Introduction "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL AS BEEN GRANTED BY


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of surgical dissection of hepatica
artery in the arterial catheterization by intraoperative hepatic arterial dissection combined with an angio-
graphic study. Methods By using the technique of sharp dissection with electronic coagulator, surgical
dissection of hepatic artery were undertaken in 116 patients with hepatic or biliary diseases. During the
operation, the common hepatic artery (CHA) and its branches: proper hepatic artery (PHA), right and
left hepatic arteries (RHA and LHA), and gastro-duodenum artery (GDA), were exposed and the loca-
tion and the angles between CHA and the branches, particularly CHA and GDA, were also recorded. Data
of angiography of hepatic artery were obtained from some patients and compared with the results surgical-
ly. Results Among the 72 cases (62%) having an obtuse angle between GDA and CHA, 20 underwent
IHAC and all the catheters of the 20 patients were inserted into CHA. Among the 36 cases (31%) hav-
ing an acute angle between GDA and CHA, 13 cases underwent IHAC and the catheter was inserted into
RHA and PHA in 5 and 8 patients respectively. PHA was found to be absent in 8 cases (7%). In addi-
tion, RHA was originated from superior mesenteric artery and LHA from left gastric artery in 9 cases
(7.7%) and 7 cases (6.0%) respectively. Moreover, an abnormal communication between RHA and
LHA at porta hepatis was found in 2 cases (1.7%). Conclusion The most important factor impacting
on IHAC was the angle between GDA and CHA as well as the abnormal anatomy of hepatic artery. Due
to an obtuse angle between GDA and CHA in most cases and certain abnormal anatomy of hepatic artery
in some cases, it was believed that a successful rate of IHAC might be less than 25% without surgical dis-
section of hepatic artery, which should be emphasized clinically.


The article examines conceptions of Memorials, Memorial Sites and Museums on an international level. It starts with the Terminology of Contemporary History as a term that has developed and broadened since the 1950s. Contemporary History influences also the field of the Fine Arts. Memorials or Memorial Sites at authentic places are of great importance for consciousness-raising. In combination with museums they have the possibility to collect diverse objects such as written sources, artefacts, photos, and records of oral history as testimonies of former events. Concerning museums, this is particularly reflected in conceptions of Museums to War and Peace, Memorial Museums on Genocide, and Museums of Resistance movements. a particular artefact of the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, is the Karyatide of the famous german artist Fritz Koenig, now placed in battery Park, in the south of manhattan. Finally, the National September 11 memorial and Museum are explained with their architecture, the idea of "Reflecting Absence" and the Memorial Mission for the future.


Objective To probe into the characteristics of men who have sex with men living in small-medium sized cities and provide scientific foundation for the formulation of strategy for AIDS prevention and control.Methods A qualitative survey was carried out by convenience sampling for thirty one selected MSM.Results Interviewees had a large age gap,widely different occupations and various degrees of education;they depended mainly on internet and friends' contacts to find their sex partners;their knowledge about HIV/STDs was poor and they were indifferent to the risk of AIDs,but were faced with enormous psychological pressure.Multiple sex partners,unprotected anal intercourse were their main high risk behaviors,and they hoped to have access to free condoms,free HIV detection and hot line consultation.Conclusion To implement prevention in an effective manner,close attention should be paid to the role of key persons within the MSM group,to increasing knowledge of the target population,to protecting their mental health and to creating a friendly social environment for their existence and effective use of internet.


Background. The practice of Japanese originated martial arts, like Karate-Do, is associated with an individual "path of enlightment" or the way of living (Do), that surpasses the athletic practice for itself. The concept of Budo, with all values, moral principles and patterns of behaviour, is traditionally linked to this path or way, being the philosophical background of the practice. The globalisation of the Karate-Do have created two main ways or training methods with different main goals – traditional one and sports Karate-Do. Problem. The main objective of this study is to compare the evaluations of different Budoassociated aspects, values, principles and domains, to find the differences between karateka who are engaged in both training methods. Method. A questionnaire was applied, in Portugal, to a group of 78 karateka with more than two years of continued training, who are engaged or use a traditional or sports training method. Results. The results show a high and similar evaluation scores of all items questioned on both training methods, only with single and not consistent differences. Conclusion. Without generalising, we can assume that karateka observe the philosophical background of Karate-Do (Budo) in only one way, even when they are engaged in different methods of practice with different main goals. So, Karate-Do philosophy is one, only daily practices in dojo and goals differ. However, further investigation is needed to support these conclusions. © Idōkan Poland Association "IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology", Vol. 18, no. 2 (2018), pp. 38–42 DOI: 10.14589/ido.18.2.5


D Editor, Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is the treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with select drug regimens to prevent progression to TB disease. Breaking the chain of transmission of an infectious disease like TB, which has humans as the primary reservoir, is only feasible through drug treatment of LTBI or through the development of an effective vaccine that is currently unavailable. Although TPT is considered a high-impact intervention on the road to TB elimination, application in high-burden countries has been predominantly restricted to children and people living with HIV (PLHIV), while omitting other close contacts of index TB cases.1 Masini et al. have highlighted this public health challenge, wherein an estimated 30 million TPT-eligible beneficiaries globally are missed out due to operational and logistical issues.2 Odume et al. has also shown the effectiveness of addressing the procurement challenges of isoniazid (INH) in augmenting the acceptability and uptake of TPT among the PLHIV in Nigeria.3 In high-risk populations such as PLHIV, who have an estimated 16–27 times higher risk of progression to TB disease,1 logistical support, political will and financial commitments alone may be adequate in reaching and promoting TPT uptake in the target population. Nevertheless, there is still an absence of global country-level consensus on the expansion of TPT to contacts of active TB cases, including those at higher risk of LTBI and progression to TB disease despite the availability of shorter and safer TPT regimens (3HP/1HP). These concerns in high-prevalence countries mostly stem from the lack of presumed benefit of TPT in the non-PLHIV populations due to the continued risk of reinfection, as well as secondary unresolved ethical dilemmas like the cumulative drug-related adverse effects and their associated healthcare costs.4 In India, which accounts for nearly one fourth of the global TB burden, a study found that the perceived acceptability of TPT among clinicians was suboptimal despite a high perceived susceptibility of contracting TB disease from their patients.5 A successful implementation of expanded TPT services in developing countries beyond the PLHIV and paediatric contacts should explore the sociocultural acceptability of TPT in adult asymptomatic contacts of TB cases. Monitoring and surveillance to determine the rates of reinfection and disease complications in individuals who receive TPT for allaying concerns over safety and the additional healthcare costs is also required.1 Finally, evidence-based policy for the implementation of a comprehensive TPT expansion policy in a developing country must surmount the ethical challenge of diverting scarce resources away from nutritional and health promotion programmes.5 In conclusion, strengthening evidence, building logistics and resolving ethical issues and conflicts comprise the three central pillars that support the expansion of TPT in existing high-burden settings.


The effect of inverter ripple current on fuel cell stack performance is not well understood. This paper provides a first-order examination of the impact of inverter load dynamics on SOFC fuel cell operation. Previous work using steady-state fuel cell loading has shown that DC-current loading itself results in degradation of the fuel cell, albeit in ways yet to be fully understood. This result suggests that the varying reactant conditions that result from ripple may modify degradation processes, and, therefore, the lifetime of the cells. This paper investigates these conditions through the use of a dynamic one-dimensional model for the detailed mass transport occurring within the electrode of a cell. In this work, the inverter load is imposed as a boundary condition to the transient model. Results show the behavior of the reactant concentrations within the stack electrodes under inverter loads with frequencies between 60 Hz and 1250 Hz. It is concluded that a ripple factor of less than 6% be used to ensure minor impact to the conditions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The use of stationery and paper media for ordering food and beverages in restaurants is still in use today, but many problems include the multiple ordering (re- dundant), no serial production due to accumulated bookings reservations, especially when crowded visitors, also record- ing errors due to the diculty of reading hand. This book- ing application design consists of designing for a client, to the cashier and the kitchen. Design process for each design section consists of the navigation structure, owchart, entity relationship diagrams, normalization, database and design. Reservation on the client application consists of design lo- cation info, menu, and booking. In ordering consists of a message, cancel and history. Messages consist of a message to the table, food and beverages, and check orders. Applica- tion to register consists of designing food pages, beverage, add menu, change menu, transactions and payments and the application for the kitchen consists of designing for the ordering and status. With this application, is expected to replace the food ordering and drinks that use the medium of paper and stationery. References: (1995-2006) Penamaan File : 10102100


The historians who have studied the vicissitudes of European Judaism during the Holocaust have generally neglected the history of the Jews who were in Albania during World War II, a group that includes both Albanian Jews and Jewish refugees from other countries. One reason for this apparent oversight is the postwar ban imposed by the Communist dictatorship on access to the Albanian archives, which lasted until the mid-1990s. After describing the condition of the Jews in Albania under the Zog regime (1925-1939), this paper examines the Italian occupation period (1939-1943). The author compares the state-sponsored anti-Semitism in effect in Rome with the anti-Semitism promoted by Mussolini in this small country controlled by Italian authorities. Through this comparison, the author aims to analyze the fate of the Mitteleuropa Jews who had come to Albania during the 1930s to escape Hitler's persecution. After the Nazis and Fascists occupied and divided up Yugoslavia, they were joined by Jews fleeing the terrible persecution that had begun in Serbia, Croatia and Macedonia.


Objective To study the characteristics of power Doppler flow signal in breast masses before and after intravenous ultrasound contrast agent.Methods Fifty one patients with breast mass (28 benign, 23 malignant) were performed by power Doppler before and after intravenous injection of Levovist. Patterns of vascular,color pixel density with computer assistant and the time to peak contrast enhancement of power Doppler flow signal were analyzed. Results After contrast agent injection, there was greater enhancement in malignant group than in benign group. For malignant lesions the disordered, penetrating and branching vessels were seen more often, 69.6 %, 73.9 %, 82.6 % respectively, compared to 21.4% , 32.1 %, 28.6 % for benign lesions. The correlation between benign and malignant lesions was statistically significant (P 0.05 ). Color pixel density was greater in malignant group than in benign group. The time to initial enhancement and the time to peak enhancement were shorter in malignant group than in benign group (P 0.05 ).Conclusions Levovist provides significant improvement of power Doppler signal in breast lesion and can be useful to improve the visualization of blood flow pattern. Contrast enhanced power Doppler is beneficial for differentiating breast masses.


The problem of tracking point targets moving in a group, or features of an extended object, is formulated via a general two component model. An example involving translation, scaling, rotation and pattern distortion is presented. It is assumed that measurements of the points are unlabelled, which, together with a significant clutter level, leads to measurement association uncertainty. A Bayesian bootstrap filter is used to implement a nonlinear, multiple hypothesis, recursive estimator.


The dominant factor of competitive grain growth was studied by trinary-crystal seeds during directional solidification. It was found that the grain overgrowth rate was weakly dependent on the temperature gradient when the misorientation angle of the misoriented grain was limited (£15°), which was inconsistent with the classical theoretical assumption that the grain overgrowth rate was determined by the difference of the tip undercooling between the competing grains. In contrast, the grain overgrowth rate was sensitive to the alloy composition. These phenomena were attributed to the mechanisms of solute interaction and sidebranching events, and the solute field was the dominant factor to govern the overgrowth behavior of the competing grains.


Abstract : In this essay the author presents a concept which he terms 'flex- lease,' as an alternative acquisition strategy for the next decade. An ideal acquisition strategy in periods of restricted cash flow should absorb defense budget reductions without loss of force structure, weapon system cancellations, decreased readiness, restrictive organization changes, or production line stretch-outs. The author's thesis is that it is cheaper to buy and lease what you can afford, rather than buy and later stretch-out that buy. He also provides guidelines for flex-lease success in selection of applicable systems, determination of economic rate of production and life cycle costs and selection of leasing agent. Keywords: Stretch-out buying; Grace commission; Open-end leasing; Option to purchase; Economic rate of production; Modernization threshold; Industrial base. (edc)


Today's world is digital era, everyone looks for information on Web. The web is not only space for information, but most importantly, it is a tool to connect people. People used to share information and transfer confidential data on the Web. Since Internet is publicly available securing data on Web is much important, some techniques are needed to hide this data. There are different techniques available to hide the data, for example Steganography, cryptography and so forth. The benefit of steganography over cryptography is that no one except the sender and receiver can see the message. This paper concentrates on different steganography techniques to hide the data on Web. One more advantage of using steganography to hide data on Web is that it doesn't look suspicious. This research paper gives another skyline to safe correspondence through information hiding on Internet. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high security, larger embedding capacity and best Imperceptibility than others.


How best to avoid the Levinas Effect, as it has been called, the tendency to make Emmanuel Levinas everything to everyone? One way is to demonstrate that Levinas's thinking does not fit into any of the categories by which we ordinarily approach political theory. If one were forced to categorize Levinas's political theory, the term "inverted liberalism" would come closest to the mark. As long, that is, as one emphasizes the term "inverted" over "liberalism." Levinas's defense of liberalism is likely the strangest defense the reader has encountered. We should, argues Levinas, foster and protect the individual because only the individual can see the tears of the other, the tears that even the just regime cannot see. The individual is to be fostered and protected for the sake of the other individual. Whether this has anything to do with "real" liberalism, and whether it should, is the topic of this essay.


This paper provides an overview of a bioinspired delay stall propulsor (BDSP) concept that employs delayed stall unsteady lift enhancement to increase the lift on propeller blades without adding any complexity to the propulsor. This BDSP concept can provide greatly increased propeller thrust for a given propeller diameter, leading to both increased speed and/or maneuverability. Alternately, this technology offers reduced radiated noise while maintaining current thrust levels through reduction in both propulsor rotation speed and acoustic cancellation. Preliminary two-dimensional simulations have shown a potential 36% reduction in rotational speed at constant thrust, leading to an estimated 4-dB reduction in the total radiated acoustic power. It is believed that the BDSP concept will be simple to manufacture, rugged, and easy to retrofit into existing marine propulsors. This technology has direct application to torpedoes, unmanned underwater vehicles, maneuvering thrusters, submarines, and other propeller-driven devices.


The primary aim of this study was to determine the percentage cover of hard coral colonisation on the
artificial reef balls at Talang-Satang National Park (TSNP). These reef balls were selected because they have
been deployed for more than a decade and there is few scientific studies conducted to determine the colonisation of artificial reef balls by hard coral and non-hard coral organisms. The deployment site of the
reef balls was at Batu Penyu which is situated within the TSNP area. Belts transect and quadrat frame were used to collect data of percentage cover by hard coral and non-hard coral organisms at each reef ball. Rope was used as a marker to divide the artificial reef balls equally into half and into three zones according to the height of the reef ball for efficiency when in the process of collecting data. Underwater photography was used to ease the identification of hard coral genera. The percentage cover of hard coral and non-hard coral differed among different artificial reef balls. The highest percentage cover of hard coral colonisation was 38% on reef ball no. 3 and the lowest was 2.8% on reef ball no. 8. Overall, the top zone of the reef balls had the highest hard coral colonisation of 74%, followed by 19% at middle zone and 7% at lower zone. Different hard coral genera existed in different zones of reef balls. The most dominant genus at the top, middle and bottom zones is Favia. Growth rate of hard corals differed according to genera. Favia showed the highest growth rate of 0.1 - 10.6 cm2 yr-1 in reef ball no. 17 and Leptoseris had the lowest growth rate of 0 – 0.6 cm2 yr-1 in reef ball no.12. However, the percentage cover of hard coral in reef ball no. 17 was lower, 5.9%, compared to the percentage cover of hard coral in reef ball no. 12 which was 15.6%. The percentage cover by hard corals as well as the dominant coral genera at each zone is postulated to be influenced by the location and duration of deployment, as well as the rate of sedimentation.


The language used in some African school science textbooks is too advanced for many of the pupils. A description of the breathing mechanism from a biology textbook used by Year 12 (17+ years) pupils in Lebowa, South Africa, is presented for modification. The objective is to use recent relevant research findings to improve its language for use by Lebowan pupils, learning science in English as a second language (EL2). To increase its suitability for biology pupils whose mother tongue, Northern Sotho, is unrelated to English, appropriate modifications of the text are recommended. These are justified in terms of current theories and principles of reading comprehension.


Biomechanical analysis of the two-dimensional models composed from roentgenographic pictures and electro myographic analysis of the shear force exerted on the tibia during standing on both legs were conducted in 21 young adult males. The simultaneous contraction of the quadriceps and hamstrings was observed in all electromyograms. Amplitude observed on electromy ograms of the hamstrings increased as the trunk flexion angle increased. The calculated average values of shear force were negative at every knee flexion angle (nega tive value means posteriorly directed force). As the trunk flexion angle increased, posterior drawer force increased at knee flexion angles of 30° and 60°. The simultaneous contraction of the quadriceps and the hamstrings was considered to be the main factor that influenced these results. Standing on both legs with knee and trunk flexion was considered to be applicable in the early stages after anterior cruciate ligament re construction.


The relationship between calligraphy and mysticism has a unique inner dynamic in Islam. Arabic calligraphy has been cultivated for centuries in the context of pious everyday practice of the Sufis and Dervishes. From the symbolic interpretation of the letters to the breathing technique – calligraphy and Sufi mysticism share many similarities. Many Muslim calligraphers were drawn to the spiritual teachings of the Sufis and were often followers of the Sufi Order themselves. The Sufis, on the other hand, found in calligraphy the appropriate artistic expression to visualize their contemplation of the Koranic word and thus to exercise their spirituality. Due to globalization and open skies we find ourselves standing in front of a major challenge against voices that are claiming that Islamic arts and civilization fell through and they are underdeveloped. Without trying to know the true concept of that art and without studying it's influence on the western art and intellect. So we have to confirm the philosophy of the Islamic art through artistic pieces and their influence on pioneers and how they utilize them in such a clear way at the renaissance age through works of orientalists, modern art schools and some artists who were affected by it such as (Matisse, Picasso, Kandinsky, Bulkeley, Mondrian, Vasarely) who are considered the most iconic western artists in the modern age. Then the identity of artists might be assured in the age of globalization and the 21t century which might have an impact on the western conception of Islam and Islamic arts. We find out that the research problem is at many elements: The lack of confirmation of the Islamic identity for western artists at the modern age, such as (Matisse, Picasso, Kandinsky, Bulkeley, Mondrian, Vasarely). Assuring the special elements and characteristics of Islamic arts and their influence on renaissance and orientalism. The research aim: Realizing the concept of Islamic arts and their impact on the west during the age of globalization and the 21st century. In order to achieve that we have to know: What is Islamic art? the special characteristics of Islamic arts. The influence of Islamic arts on renaissance, modern schools and orientalism. The elements of Islamic, Arabic art in (Matisse, Picasso, Kandinsky, Bulkeley, Mondrian, Vasarely) artistic pieces.


With the data from the Web of Science Core Collection-Citation database for the period (1970–2020), we conducted a dynamic visual systematic review of the literature on academic publishing with the help of bibliometric software, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. The main purpose is to reveal the internal structures and hidden inferences, including the diversified discipline, top-ranked journals, most widely occurring topics, most cited and leading articles, highly productive and outstanding scholars, and most contributing institutions and countries. The co-citation, co-occurrence, cluster detection, and strong citation burstness were employed to show the intellectual base, evolutionary stages, and dynamics of transitions of academic publishing. The study defines the whole profile of international academic publishing, presenting its diachronic evolution, identifying research front, detecting emerging trends and abrupt changes. It expands the previous paradigm that ignored the large data corpus, aiming to provide certain reference value for future research of academic publishing.


This editorial refers to 'Identification of invasive and radionuclide imaging markers of coronary plaque vulnerability using radiomic analysis of coronary computed tomography angiography'.


The president leadership elements evaluation is significant in school management,it is a powerful tool for screening the president quality.Malaysia's Leadership.By the scale of evaluation index system of Malaysia president leadership,through the factor analysis,the article found that the most valued element of the president is the interpersonal leadership,the next are the technical leadership and educational leadership,and the last are the symbol leadership and cultural leadership.


Forty-five different thyroxinc analogues have been compared to l-thyroxinc for their ability to decrease the thyroid collection of I131 in the rat. On a weight basis only 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine was found more effective than l-thyroxine. Compounds containing iodine were all capable of producing some inhibition roviding the dosage was adequate. THE dose of thyroid hormone, within limits, can be directly related to thyroidal uptake of I131 in experimental animals. This method has been used in the present report to assay the relative effectiveness of thyroxine analogues in blocking uptake of radioiodine in rats. Approximately 2,500 male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (Charles-River Breeding Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts) ranging in weight between 75–125 gm. were used in this study. They were selected so that the average body weight of each group as essentially identical within each separate experiment.


Introduction: Vortex formation time (VFT) is an index reflecting optimal vortex formation and efficiency in blood volume transport. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of VFT index with LV diastolic function and exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and examine its changes after septal reduction therapy. Methods: We studied 116 HCM patients (median age 57.5 [49-65], 39.7% female) who underwent exercise stress testing with measurement of peak O2 consumption within 2 months of imaging. VFT index was calculated and the cohort was divided into 2 groups (cutoff based on prior work and our own normal controls [n=12]): VFT Results: Patients with VFT Conclusions: Patients with HCM and VFT 3.3-5.5 are less symptomatic and have better exercise tolerance. VTF increases after septal reduction therapy in keeping with the NYHA class improvement and the change in peak O2 consumption. VFT appears to be a useful parameter to evaluate cardiac function, its relation to exercise tolerance as well as the response to treatment in HCM patients.


The construction of the high level sports teams in Chinese general colleges and universities is a comparatively complicated system and the development of each sports team is imbalanced,so some deep contradictions should be resolved,especially lacking the subjective and feasible system of comprehensive evaluation.Based on this background,the index system of comprehensive evaluation of Beijing high level sports teams in general colleges and universities is planned in order to promote their development healthily.


Ore-bearing strata of coal-series kaolinite deposit about Yichuan Banpo is Permian stone box under the group,ore high quality,scale can reach medium(2 million tons).Ore-forming was controlled by paleogeographic swamp-lagoon basin,prospecting prospect is better.


Constitutional trisomy 8 is a relatively rare aneuploidy; most identified cases are mosaic with a normal cell line. The phenotype is highly variable from apparently normal to severe disability. The proportion of abnormal cells is dramatically different between tissues and the severity of the phenotype is not directly related to the level of mosaicism. Therefore, it is very difficult to provide a definitive prognosis. We report here a case of constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism with agenesis of the corpus callosum, congenital heart disease and micrognathia. The trisomy 8 cell line was not detected by prenatal cytogenetic study. This is the fourth reported case of constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism in Korea.


The purpose of this study is to know the impact of positioning strategies for consumer purchase decisions in purchasing electronic products from Citra Elektronik Pangkalpinang. The independent variables which is studied are Product Attributes (X 1 ), the Benefit of Product (X 2 ), Appliction and Usage of The Product (X 3 ), Product Users (X 4 ), Competitor (X 5 ), Product Category (X 6 ), and The Price (X 7 ) (which is a derivative of the variabel positioning strategy) with the dependent variable is Purchase Decision on Consumers in Pangkalpinang. The sample of this study is 90 respondents of Citra Elektronik customers in Pangkalpinang, after that the analysis obtained by using quantitayive data analysi s covers: Validity and Reliability Test, Normality and Multicollinearity Test, Multiple Regression Analysis, Determination Coefficient Analysis (R 2 ), as well as Hypothesis Testing by F test and t test. The result in regression equation as follows: Y = 10,859+0,227X 1 +0,312X 2 + 0,193X 3 + 0,253X 4 + 0,239 X 5 + 0,203X 6 + 0,116X 7 Hypothesis Testing using F test shows are the variables of Product Attributes, the Benefit of Product, Appliction and Usage of The Product, Product Users, Competitor, Product Category, and The Price are indeed proper to test the dependent variable of Purchase Decision. Then through the t test shows the seven independent variables analyze significantly proved the influence the dependent variable of Purchase Decisions. Determination coefficient analysis (R-square) of 69,3% means the impact of the Purchase Decision variable can be explained by the seven variables, the remaining 30,7% influenced by other variables not included in this research.


The paper introduces the forecast theory of GPS satellites firstly,then the way of forecasting the satellite numbers by using YUMA almanac is decomposed in detail.According to the definition of internal reliability,authors propose the specific internal reliability prediction method,and an example is given to prove the applicability of the method.


Objective To analyze the effect of T2~T3 sympathicotomy in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis.Method Total 25 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis,including 12 males and 13 females,with the average age of 30.7 years,underwent T2~T3 sympathicotomy,in which the sympathetic chains were transected at the level of the third ribs.Results Monitoring the skin temperature of both palm.The skin temperatures of the right palm were(32.0±1.6)℃ preopratively and(34.5±1.3)℃ postoperatively(P0.05).The skin temperatures of the left palm were(32.6±1.5)℃ preopratively and(35.0±1.3)℃ postoperatively(P0.05).The procedures were successful.There were no severe intro-and post-operative complications or mortality.One case presented the Horner syndrome.All cases were followed for 6~29 months,average 16.5 months,presenting an effective rate of 100%.Conclusion Sympathicotomy is a simplified method with little side effect and higher satisfactory rate.It should be recommended for the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis.


Summary The development of moral judgment was examined among college students of different religious affiliations. Degree of orthodoxy of the religious groups with which they are affiliated was not significantly related to their moral judgment; however, their degree of dogmatism was. Dogmatism explained the very weak relationship between religious affiliation and moral judgment. Frequency of attendance at religious services and number of years of religious education were also not significantly related to moral development. These findings are interpreted as supportive of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment development.


Radiation damage centers in ADP(NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ):K 2 SeO 4 mixed crystal were studied with ESR in the temperature range from 90 K to 350 K. It is found that there are SeO 4 3- , SeO 4 - and SeO 3 - radicals in the crystal, and that SeO 4 tetrahedral unit takes substitutionally the position of PO 4 unit. The ESR spectrum of SeO 4 3- radical has well-resolved proton super-hyperfine structure which shows the "quintet to triplet" transition, and exhibits domain splitting in low temperature range as seen on AsO 4 4- radical in KDA(KH 2 AsO 4 ). Using the temperature dependence of the domain splitting and line widths, the correlation time for the motion of Se 77 nucleus was estimated. The temperature dependence of correlation times is well fitted to the Arrhenius law: τ c =τ c o ·exp ( E a / k T ) with E a =0.19 eV for ADP:K 2 SeO 4 and E a =0.11 eV for KDP:K 2 SeO 4 .


Dimension witness provides a device-independent certification of the minimal dimension required to reproduce the observed data without imposing assumptions on the functioning of the devices used to generate the experimental statistics. In this paper, we provide a family of Bell expressions where Alice and Bob perform $2^{n-1}$ and $n$ number of dichotomic measurements respectively which serve as the device-independent dimension witnesses of Hilbert space of $2^{m}$ dimensions with $m=1,2..2^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$. The family of Bell expressions considered here determines the success probability of a communication game known as $n$-bit parity-oblivious random access code. The parity obliviousness constraint is equivalent to preparation non-contextuality assumption in an ontological model of an operational theory. For any given $n\geq 3$, if such a constraint is imposed on the encoding scheme of the random-access code, then the local bound of the Bell expression reduces to the preparation non-contextual bound. We provide explicit examples for $n=4,5$ case to demonstrate that the relevant Bell expressions certify the qubit and two-qubit system, and for $n=6$ case, the relevant Bell expression certifies the qubit, two-qubit and three-qubit systems. We further demonstrate the sharing of quantum preparation contextuality by multiple Bobs sequentially to examine whether number of Bobs sharing the preparation contextuality is dependent on the dimension of the system. We provide explicit example of $n=5$ and $6$ to demonstrate that number of Bobs sequentially sharing the contextuality remains same for any of the $2^{m}$ dimensional systems.


Objective To investigate the ultrasound sonogram character of nodular goiter with adenomatoid hyperplasia for improving ultrasound diagnosis.Methods 956 nodal sonograms of 200 cases with nodular goiter accompanying adenomatoid hyperplasia confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Thyroid size,internal echo intensity,uniformity coefficient,the ultrasound sonogram character and blood supply of nodules were observed.Results Among 200 cases of nodular goiter accompanying adenomatoid hyperplasia,there were 156 cases(78.0%) with multiple nodules in bilateral thyroid,38 cases(19.0%) with nodules in unilateral thyroid,6 cases(3.0%) with single nodule in unilateral thyroid.For the size of thyroid,there were 25 cases(12.5%) with normal size,48 cases(24.0%) with symmetric augmentation,127 cases(63.5%) with dissymmetric augmentation.In thyroid surface 62 cases(31.0%) were smooth and 138 cases(69.0%) were rough.20 cases(10.0%) were uniform echo and 180 cases(90.0%) were nonuniform echo in the thyroid tissue out of the nodules.There were 308 solid nodules(32.2%),582 cyst solid echopattern nodules(60.9%) and 66 cyst nodules(6.9%) in the total 956 nodules.Among the solid nodules,194 nodules were slightly dense echo,92 nodules were equal echo,22 nodules were low level echo.No blood flow was found in 344 nodules(36.0%),star shaped or short rod-shaped blood flow were found in 576 nodules(60.2%),arborescent or latticed blood flow were found in 36 nodules(3.8%).No blood flow was found in the ambitus of 186 nodules(19.5%),star shaped or short curve blood flow were found in the ambitus of 629 nodules(65.8%),long curve or annular blood flow were found in the ambitus of 141 nodules(14.7%).There were 12 cases of nodular goiter accompanying adenomatoid hyperplasia combined with hyperthyreosis,17 cases combined with thyroid adenoma and 8 cases combined with thyroid cancer in 200 cases of nodular goiter accompanying adenomatoid hyperplasia.Conclusion The sonograms of nodular goiter accompanying adenomatoid hyperplasia were complicated,color Doppler ultrasound has significant clinical diagnostic value for hyperplastic nodule and accompanying disease.


This paper proposes an audit methodology which aims to identify key risks that arise during the IT audit within an organization and presents the impact of identified risks. This involves evaluating the organization's tolerance to IT systems unavailability, identifying auditable activities and subtasks, identifying key risk factors and the association of weights, evaluating and classifying significant risks identified, conducting audit procedures based on questionnaires and tests and assessing the remaining aggregate risk that was not reduced by effective controls. Verifying the existence of compensating controls and the possibility of their implementation in an iterative manner, followed by a reassessment of covered risks, after each iteration, eventually provides an insignificant remaining aggregate risk.


In this paper we introduce a new type of labeling called skolem harmonic mean labeling. A (p, q) graph G is a skolem harmonic mean graph if it is possible to label the vertices XEV with distinct labels f(x) from 1, 2, …, P in such a way that when each edge e=uv is labeled with (or) then the resulting edges get distinct labels from 1,2 ….p. In this case f is called a skolem harmonic mean labeling. We prove that the path Pn, cycle Cn, complete graph Kn, n ≤ 3, comb, crown and some more special of skolem harmonic mean graphs. We also prove that the complete bipartite graph. K1,n, n > 11 is not a skolem harmonic mean graphs.


This book, dedicated to Professor Emeritus George Ball from the University of Alberta, Canada, presents a collection of 30 papers held at the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria (August, 2007). The meeting was attended by 90 specialists from 20 countries of Europe, Asia and America. Traditionally, the proceedings volumes of the European Carabidologists Meeting have become important milestones outlining the latest trends and achievements in carabidology. The aim of the organisers was to invite specialists from different countries and scientific schools to attempt most complete representation of both traditional and innovative approaches and methods in studying ground beetles.


Engineers studying the behaviour of soils in dynamic situations have for many years understood that stiffness reduces in a predictable way as strains become larger. This aspect of behaviour was a main theme of the Florence conference, applied to static as well as dynamic situations. In order to model this behaviour, a simple but novel concept has been proposed in which an analogue in strain space replaces the traditional use of yield surfaces in stress space. The original intention was to model stiff clays at small strains, but the concept has proved surprisingly applicable to other soils, including both sands and normally consolidated clays. The paper describes the details of the model (the Brick model) and outlines predictions obtained for pressuremeter tests. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 859983.


In recent years internet has entered the life of millions of people, affecting many aspects of everyday life.One of them is tourism and more specifically air transportation and accommodation services.This thesis aims to look into the impact that internet has on the stages of research and purchase regarding air transportation as well as accommodation services from the consumer's perspective.Internet and tourism are approached in a conceptual perspective.In addition an analysis of the life cycle of travel and an analysis of the online travel ecosystem with the epicenter of it the traveler is conducted.The major tools and websites which the traveler has at his disposal are mentioned with a focus towards the air transportation and accommodation services. As far as research is concerned aside the main conclusions of the questionnaire given to 125 people, from the consumer's perspective.The element that is researched is the age level and education level as a factor of influence on the following:familiarization with technology and the internet,the use of internet for travel information,the impact of internet on society,it's use for purchasing air transportation and accommodation services,the use of websites/search engines and lastly the opinion regarding the impact of internet on travel behavior compared to the past. The results are that consumers have knowledge and familiarization with technology and the internet.They use as a standard mean of researching and purchasing air transportation and accommodation services.However the educational level and the age level comprise factor which affect in a considerable level.


Objective To explore the effect of illumination intensity on indoor air quality.Methods The concentrations of chemical pollutants and the colony forming units(CFU) of the sunny or nightside rooms in the daytime were tested and the effect of illumination intensity on indoor air quality was studied.Results The concentrations of chemical pollutants and CFU decreased with illumination intensity,descending rate was 80% in sunnyside rooms and 45% in nightside rooms,CFU descending rate was 73% in sunnyside rooms and 60% in nightside rooms.Conclusion The indoor air quality can be improved obviously by sunshine,the decreasing rate of the concentrations of chemical pollutants and CFU may be accelerated by the increases with illumination intensity.


Purpose
Following the changes in consumer behavior in the hospitality industry due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Amazon launched "Explore", an interactive livestreaming customized service that connects users with hosts worldwide, allowing them to discover a vast array of experiences from the comfort of their homes. This study aims to assess the effects of Explore on the hospitality and tourism industries.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted. Data was collected from 18 expert interviews and 292 online reviews on Explore.

Findings
The findings indicate that the pandemic has altered consumer behavior when it comes to experience-related venues. Within that shift, Explore was shown to have reinvented the travel industry. The major three themes extracted revolved around the following: replica of real-life touristic experiences (having the experience as if consumers were physically present), experience-bound versus output-oriented customers (those who want to explore the real experience by being physically present versus those who seek to discover a certain culture or acquire a new skill even virtually) and post-virtual experience (effects on the hospitality industry).

Originality/value
The study puts forth the coopetition that could emanate from the inter-relationship between the Amazon Explore platform and the hospitality industry if the two were to cooperate even beyond the context of global pandemics. Indeed, Explore has gained awareness and trial and could be a sustainable ongoing business, especially among those with financial and other types of limitations that could hinder their traveling propensity.


Dealing with the Past: The Role of Truth in National Reconciliation is part of the 2003 Annual Proceedings of The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy.


Reaction of either cis- or trans-[{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2Me2] with HCl in pentane gave the trans-dichloro-complex [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2X2](4a; X = Cl), from which a variety of other complexes (4; X = Br, I, SCN, N3, CN, or NCO) were made by metathesis. Reaction of (4a; X = Cl) with neutral ligands (L) in the presence of non-co-ordinating anions gave first the monocations, [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2(L)Cl]+, and then the dications, [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2L2]2+(5; L = MeCN, CO, or H2O). The X-ray crystal structure of (5b; L = CO) shows the trans configuration predicted on the basis of the 1H n.m.r. spectra. Reaction of (5b) with methanol and base gave the bis(methoxycarbonyl) complex [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2(CO2Me)2]. cis Complexes [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2X]n+(X = O2CMe or O2CCF3, n= 1; X = pyridazine or Ph2PCH2PPh2, n= 2) were isolated and identified by their 1H n.m.r. spectra which showed the diastereotopic methylene protons as two resonances, only one of which was coupled to the rhodiums. The nitrate complex [{(C5Me5)Rh}2(µ-CH2)2(NO3)2] was found to exist as two isomers, one trans and the other cis with one bridging and one ionic nitrate, as shown by the n.m.r. spectra.


This report provides guidance for specifiiers, designers, manufacturers, installers and owners about the design of low-height gravity retaining walls composed of different modular units. It presents consistent methods for the design of systems. The report's coverage includes an introduction to low-height modular retaining wall systems, factor in selecting an appropriate system and an explanation of the principles and other considerations of wall design. It deals with the engineering properties of soil and fill and the choices of design values and external loads. While covering general design applications, such as the assessment of external stability, there are design calculations for specific wall types, particularly for external stability. There are notes on specification and quality control, and the concluding chapters examine the performance requirements for low-height modular retaining walls, including the need for regular maintenance, with suggested schedules for inspection visits. Worked examples are included in appendices. (A)


The DNA sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential co-factor for many eukaryotic DNA metabolic enzymes. PCNA is loaded around DNA by the ATP-dependent clamp loader replication factor C (RFC), which acts at single-stranded/double-stranded DNA junctions harboring a recessed 3' end (3' ss/dsDNA junctions) and at DNA nicks. To illuminate the loading mechanism we have investigated the structure of RFC:PCNA bound to ATPγS and 3' ss/dsDNA junctions or nicked DNA using cryogenic electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, we observe open and closed PCNA conformations in the RFC:PCNA:DNA complex, revealing that PCNA can adopt an open, planar conformation that allows direct insertion of dsDNA, and indicating that PCNA ring-closure is not mechanistically coupled to ATP-hydrolysis. By resolving multiple DNA-bound states of RFC:PCNA we observe that partial melting facilitates lateral insertion into the central channel formed by RFC:PCNA. We also resolve the Rfc1 N-terminal domain and demonstrate that its single BRCT domain participates in coordinating DNA prior to insertion into the central RFC channel, which promotes PCNA loading on the lagging strand of replication forks in vitro. Combined, our data suggest a comprehensive and fundamentally revised model for the RFC-catalyzed loading of PCNA onto DNA.


Objective: to establish a quality standard for Cai Hu Gui Zhi Dai Pao Ji. Metho d: adopting TLC method to make a qualitative determination of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Paeoniae Alba in Cai Hu Gui Zhi Dai Pao Ji and using thin-layer chroma tography to determine the content of baicalin in Radix Scutellariae. Result: the content of baicalin is aroud 0.27% in Cai Hu Gui Zhi Dai Pao Ji with average ad ditive sample rate of recovery 99.7%. Conclusion: it provided a basis for the qu ality standard of the products.


Network management applications such as routing, load-balancing, or traffic forecasting, require up-to-date state information about the underlying data-plane. However, it is well known that data-plane measurements contain redundant information. In this work, we propose an approach that estimates how informative data-plane measurements are for control-plane applications that operate on such information. Using programmable data-planes, we present a novel approach on how the decision on forwarding data-plane measurements can be taken at network switches, and how this aids in filtering irrelevant monitoring information to save the controller's computational and networking resources.


In this paper, we propose secure protocols to perform Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for two parties over horizontally and vertically partitioned data. We propose various secure building blocks for the computations of QR algorithm so that it is privacy-preserving. Some of the proposed secure building blocks include Secure Matrix Multiplication, $(x+y)^{-1}$, and $\sqrt{x+y}$. Together, they allow us to derive Privacy-Preserving SVD (PPSVD) based on a privacy-preserving QR algorithm. Finally we conduct experiments to evaluate the proposed secure building blocks and protocols. The results show that the proposed protocols for SVD achieve high accuracy for matrices of small and medium size.


Lung scannings with strontium 87m have been performed in 5 patients with osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.Localization of this boneseeking isotope[See figure in the pdf file]in soft tissue metastases is reported and the future use of this radioisotope for diagnosis is suggested.


This scoping review integrates literature from diverse perspectives to better understand when and how management of major sport events promotes or harms human rights. The authors critically review 130 peer-reviewed English language articles to identify conceptual contributions to research and practice. The findings reveal that politics and political reform, legal frameworks and organizational actions are crucial influences in when and how management of events promotes or harms human rights. The most frequently considered rights in the literature are: equality, human trafficking-related, sport as a human right, worker rights and freedom of residence. Activism for human rights stimulates change within relevant stakeholders via collaboration, naming and shaming, in-public debates and media coverage. The committed, transparent and inclusive consideration of human rights in all stages of managing sport events (from bid preparation, bidding, planning and hosting to post-event leverage) may increase the likelihood that the event has social benefits.


The purpose of this study was to identify gait asymmetries during the mid‐stance phase of gait among subjects with knee instability ("non‐copers") after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Twenty‐one non‐copers with acute, isolated ACL injury ambulated at their intentional walking speed as kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected bilaterally. Lower extremity movement patterns and muscle activity were analyzed during the mid‐stance and weight acceptance phases of stance. When compared to the uninjured limb, subjects exhibited lower sagittal plane knee excursions and peak knee angles, and higher muscle co‐contraction on the injured limb. There was a lower knee flexion moment at peak knee extension, a trend for the knee contribution to the total support moment to be lower, and a higher ankle contribution to the total support moment on the injured limb. There were differences in the magnitude of muscle activity which included higher hamstring activity and lower soleus activity on the injured limb. Changes in quadriceps, soleus, and hamstring muscle activity on the injured limb were identified during weight acceptance that had not previously been reported, while hip compensation for a lower knee contribution to the total support moment has been described. Non‐copers consistently stabilize their knee with a stiffening strategy involving less knee motion and higher muscle contraction. The variable combination of muscle adaptations that produce joint stiffness, and the ability of both the ankle and the hip to compensate for lower knee control indicate the non‐coper neuromuscular system may be more malleable than previously believed. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1369–1377, 2007


In today's global design world, architectural and other related design firms design across time zones and geographically distant locations. Virtual environments have the potential to make a major impact on the global design teams. However introducing new tools to the design process needs an understanding of their impact on the collaborative process and on design decision-making. The study reported in this paper compares two types of remote collaboration environments with face to face sketching. The two remote environments are remote sketching and the 3D virtual world. The experimental study involves collecting data while pairs of architects work on a prescribed design task. The collected data includes video, verbal protocol data, and screen images. The analysis of the data highlights the differences in the collaborative process, communication content and the representation of the design solution. Our preliminary results show that the remote sketching encourages a broader exploration of design ideas and the 3D virtual world encourages collaborative modeling of design solutions.


Plunge pools underneath dams serve to dissipate the energy of the dam's overflow. Observations indicate that the energy dissipation at full scale is significantly higher than at model scale. The impinging jets also erode the bed of plunge pools. In several dams this effect appears to be near independent of the depth of the pool. In this article, a simple model to explain the reach of the jet into the plunge pool is presented. Compressible flow of air-water mixtures is introduced to explain the energy dissipation. The results indicate that the compressionrelated energy dissipation can contribute significantly to the total energy dissipation of plunge pools at full scale. Due to the non-linear compressibility of air, these effects are disproportionally smaller at model scale.


The problem of testing RAMs with different built-in error-correction-coding (ECC) capabilities is formulated. The basics of ECC in RAMs are reviewed, and some of the implementation aspects are described. It is shown that if memories using separable linear codes satisfy certain conditions, it is always possible to apply arbitrary patterns to all check bits. An upper bound on the number of writes required to apply the required patterns to a neighborhood is established. An efficient algorithm for testing the information bits and check bits of an N-bit memory array for 5 cell neighborhood pattern sensitive faults in O(N) reads and writes is provided. The use of the method is demonstrated by a case study.<<ETX>>


Across the secondary school, students deal with the algebraic conditions like as identity, inverse, commutative law, associative law and distributive law. The algebraic structures, group, ring and field, are determined by these algebraic conditions. But the conditioning of these algebraic structures are not mentioned at all, as well as the meaning of the algebraic structures. Thus, students is likely to be considered the algebraic conditions as productions from the number sets. In this study, we systematize didactically the meanings of algebraic conditions and algebraic structures, considering connections between the number systems and the solutions of the equation. Didactically systematizing is to construct the model for student's natural mental activity, that is, to construct the stream of experience through which students are considered mathematical concepts as productions from necessities and high probability. For this purpose, we develop the program for the gifted, which its objective is to teach the meanings of the number system and to grasp the algebraic structure conceptually that is guaranteed to solve equations. And we verify the effectiveness of this developed program using didactical experiment. Moreover, the program can be used in ordinary students by replacement the term 'algebraic structure' with the term such as identity, inverse, commutative law, associative law and distributive law, to teach their meaning.


We present a generalized likelihood (GL) methodology derived from the information generating function. The GL (or GI-based score function in the case of censored or binary data) depends on a user-specified index c, which takes values in a neighborhood of 0. If c = 0, the classical likelihood procedures result. For c > 0, attractive joint robust M-estimators of all model parameters are obtained. Variation of c generates a sensitivity analysis, or informal assessment of consistency of data and assumed model. We apply our framework in univariate and multivariate settings including regression, designed experiments, time series, survival data, parametric proportional hazards models, censored data and binary data. We provide large sample inference results and present formal and informal techniques for model building including order selection, outlier identification, treatment of missing values, and estimation of a transformation power. We examine several examples and special cases.


Many intracellular calcium responsive proteins contain a common structural feature, "EF-hand motif" within their sequence. Among them, parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin are localized in mostly separate subsets of neurons in the brain although they are co-expressed in some neurons. They are considered to participate in the regulation of the concentration of intracellular calcium ion. On the other hand, S100 β is primarily expressed in glial cells in the brain. This review introduces the molecular feature of these proteins and recent works on their distribution in the adult and developing brain with respect to the anatomical and functional view as well as questions to be clarified in the future.


The Chinese remainder theorem is a key tool for the design of efficient multi-modular algorithms. In this paper, we study the case when the moduli m_1,…,m_l are fixed and can even be chosen by the user. Through an appropriate use of the technique of FFT-trading, we will show that this assumption allows for the gain of an asymptotic factor O(log log l) in the complexity of "Chinese remaindering". For small l, we will also show how to choose "gentle moduli" that allow for further gains at the other end. The multiplication of integer matrices is one typical application where we expect practical gains for various common matrix dimensions and integer bitsizes.


Malaria, one of the most important causes of morbidity in the world, is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by a eukaryotic protist of the genus Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which carry infective sporozoite stage of Plasmodium parasite in their salivary glands [1]. Malaria spread have been linked to environmental changes, host immune status, and factors such as the socio-economic status, knowledge of malaria, and the protective behavior [2]. Malaria burden is reported worldwide to be between 350 and 550 million, with over 80% occurring in Africa. Uncomplicated Osun state non-medical students' perceptions and practice of malaria prevention


This article provides a descriptive analysis of the cultural and socio-economic contexts that shape young people's sexual perceptions and behaviour. Qualitative research was conducted within two Ugandan communities with out of school females and males ages 12-19 years. An innovative methodology placed young people themselves in control of the research agenda to explore sexuality and reproductive health. Nine groups of varying age/sex compositions met weekly over three months. One hundred and thirteen group meetings were recorded, transcribed and analysed by content analysis. This article focuses on linkages between sexual meanings and practices and the contexts of economics, environmental influences, and gender dynamics. Participants expressed intense interest in sex and are influenced by the sexual behaviour of other community members. While both males and females accept that sex involves some exchange of money or gifts, each gender experiences different pressures and motivations within the negotiation process. Financial pressures play a large role in influencing out of school girls to begin engaging in sex in order to meet basic needs. By increasing understanding of young people's perceptions and sexual meanings as well as the contexts in which they occur, programmes have the opportunity to more meaningfully address their sexuality and reproductive health.


Today,students gradually advance from 80s to 90s,after 90 mostly undergraduate students,graduate students most of the 80,while the management students of different ages require different methods of communication and different ways of thinking,undergraduate and graduate the psychological world very different from the student's psychological management students first begin to grasp the students thinking and inner thoughts can be more direct understanding of the students more closely and targeted management of student learning and everyday life,empathy is an effective method to manage students.


Retiming is sometimes used to optimize gate-level sequential designs. This technique allows memory elements to be moved across combinational elements. Unfortunately, retiming may cause the environment of a design to wait for a few additional clock cycles after power-up to guarantee the same behavior as the original design. Leiserson and Saxe (1983) presented a bound on this number of clock cycles; in this paper, we tighten this bound. A smaller bound allows the environment of a design to wait for fewer clock cycles.


Reducing the energy consumption of buildings in the public sector is an important component in our efforts towards reaching our sustainability goals. In this context, a decisive prerequisite for administrations and policy makers is a tool for estimating the effectiveness of measures to reduce energy consumption. Estimating the impact of planned investments in building technology at scale, however, remains challenging, mainly for two reasons. For one, accurate physical modeling requires detailed building data, which can be difficult to obtain. Second, adapting established building models to novel measures aiming at energy consumption reduction is difficult. Hence, modeling building consumption patterns after retrofitting is a non-trivial task, and more research is needed to improve modeling techniques as well as to assess their effectiveness across a wide range of application scenarios. Modeling tools need to be generic enough to enable modeling of a variety of building types, they should ideally require as few input features as possible and they should allow for a high degree of automation in the selection and calibration of building modeling tools. Here, we propose a novel machine learning approach that does not require detailed building data and can automatically adapt to retrofitting measures. We evaluate our method on a data set of 113 public buildings in 4 building categories in Berlin, Germany. The data set contains energy consumption data in the initial state and after implementation of a weather-predictive heating control system. Despite being fully automated and requiring only minimal information about the building, our model can reliably predict the energy consumption of large public buildings better than established methods. All code and data are publicly released.


An overview of studies for technological developments in the first stages of the value chain of groundfish in Iceland is introduced. It presents the results of recent research performed on board fresh fish trawlers and is aimed to evaluate the process performance in terms of product quality and shelf-life for fresh cod and saithe. This includes studies on time and temperature control, different
bleeding conditions, superchilling methods and storage. The main objectives of the research are to provide design parameters to the processing deck redesign and to evaluate the impact of new onboard processes from catch to post-processing storage. The results of the studies indicate that storage methods have a greater impact on fish quality than the specific method of cooling. Also, the results indicate which parameters should be adjusted during the bleeding process to achieve the most effective drainage of blood from the fish.


A new approach on the design of animal recognition system(ARS) is presented in this paper. By analyzing the theory of Deterministic Finite Automata(DFA)and ARS, a DFA model based on animal character is established. This model describes that the DFA state will transmit while one of animal character value is inputted, and that which kinds of animal will be recognized after animal character value is inputted enough. Finally, the animal recognition system is designed based on the model and is implemented on the computer.


Microstructural features within a material dictate the material's mechanical behavior and lead to localized strains as the sample is deformed. In order to further understand structural failure, an improved understanding of how microstructural features influence failure is necessary. Fatigue crack initiation is one common mode of failure for aerospace applications, and a better understanding as to how fatigue cracks form can lead to increased longevity of aerospace systems. This paper investigates the idea that fatigue crack initiation for a cyclically loaded sample is correlated to areas of higher localized strain. First, a titanium nanopowder solution is applied to an area of interest. The titanium particles on the sample are then imaged in an optical microscope, and the displacement of each particle is measured after loading the sample. The resultant displacement field is converted into a strain field, which will indicate locations on the sample with higher localized strains. When comparing sites of crack initiation to the strain field map, there is a tendency for cracks to initiate near locations with high localized strains. This knowledge can lead to an improved ability to predict fatigue crack initiation locations, and can also be used to improve structural designs at the microstructural level.


In explaining the basis of capitalism supranational area which has a significence of globalization, through the media that shape today's world has to take effect. Media in shaping global markets, the transition from agriculture to industry here in the information society a new dimension to understanding the changing society's consumption has won. New World order in the "Information Age", called today's understanding of the media in the media is in fact multi-national capital and neoliberalism grant from life outside any thought, one idea that could be seen trying to make the ruling. As global forces shaping mechanisms governing the process or controling American media, the New World on the cultural and social topics in the context of domination has realized. In our study of these mechanisms has taken historical and social aspects of the social and cultural level of the economy and the media have made the impacts and changes are emphasized. Media, to inform the public rather than the actual task, especially within the American hegemony by the dominant powers have been used as a weapon. In this context, "consume, obey and die" command influence over the consumer "e-life" as stated, but "ecolonialism" e return of the changes are discussed


This paper approaches the film Henry V (Branagh, 1989) from a narrative perspective. By comparing the literary text of Shakespeare with Branagh's film representation in terms of narrative order and descriptive difference, it argues that Branagh's twisting of narrative order together with the inherently more committal feature of film description contribute to the popular interpretation of the film as denouncing a Machiavellian Monster embarking on his rise with foul witchcraft out of the originally ambiguous play text. Furthermore, it tends to argue that ambiguity or ambivalence is rendered less likely in visual description, hence, in a predominantly visual age, the changing cognitive environment necessitates a re-examination of the theory of Subversion and Containment. Keywords—Henry V; Branagh; film narrative; Greenblatt


The simulation model for filling the mould was developed using Moldex3D, and it was experimentally verified in order to perform further optimization calculations of the moulding process conditions. The method described in the article allows adjusting the finite-element model by minimizing the airfoil profile difference between the design and experimental melt motion front due to the differentiated change of power supplied to heating elements, which heat the injection mould in simulation. As a result of calibrating the injection mould for the gas-turbine engine blade, the mean difference between the design melt motion profile and the experimental airfoil profile of no more than 4% was achieved.


Despite its promise, RFID technology presents numerous challenges, including incomplete data, lack of location and containment information, and very high volumes. In this work, we present a novel data interpretation and compression substrate over RFID streams to address these challenges in enterprise supply-chain environments. Our results show that our inference techniques provide good accuracy while retaining efficiency, and our compression algorithm yields significant reduction in data volume.


We present a scheme for the deterministic generation of N-photon Fock states from N three-level atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity. The method applies an external laser pulse that generates an N-photon output state while adiabatically keeping the atom-cavity system within a subspace of optically dark states. We present analytical estimates of the error due to amplitude leakage from these dark states for general N, and compare it with explicit results of numerical simulations for N{<=}5. The method is shown to provide a robust source of N-photon states under a variety of experimental conditions and is suitable for experimental implementation using a cloud of cold atoms magnetically trapped in a cavity. The resulting N-photon states have potential applications in fundamental studies of nonclassical states and in quantum information processing.


The review of the monography N.M. Koretskaya evolution of tuberculosis of lungs and modern aspects of its exposure in Krasnoyarsk Kray.


Abstract The lead zirconotitanate Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 compositions (PZT) are one of the most important families of materials used for the manufacture of piezoelectric ceramics. They crystallize with a A2+B4+O3 perovskite structure. It is known for a long time that the dielectric and mecanoelectric properties of PZT may be changed with suitable isovalent or heterovalent substitutions in the A or B site. The purpose of this paper is to define an elementary principle of multiple substitutions in the A site: The mean dimension of the substituted ions is maintained in order not to disturb the initial solid solution. So we have studied the simplest example of a double isovalent substitution: Sr2+ and Ba2+. The initial PZT composition contains 12% Sr2+ (RSr2+ RPb...


This article falls into three main sections. The first outlines the basic features of the Israeli electoral system established in 1949, with minor amendments in the allocation formula (in 1973) and the electoral threshold (in 1992). The second covers unsuccessful proposals to reform Knesset elections in the periods 1949-77, 1977-90, and 1990 to date. The last section explains the causes of the introduction in 1992 of direct elections for the prime minister, and evaluates their possible conse quences. Since its first Knesset (parliamentary) elections in 1949 Israel has employed an electoral system with a single nationwide district, a propor tional representation allocation formula, and a strict list ballot. The basic alternative considered by Israeli politicians was the employment of a mixed system. Although reform proposals have been raised since the establishment of the state of Israel, no major change of the system has taken place until the March 1992 reform of the Government Basic Law. Following Israel's only successful vote on no-confidence, the Knesset adopted a governmental reform according to which the prime minister will be elected directly by voters. The directly elected prime minister must gain, however, the Knesset's confidence in his or her government. The present nature of the reform is such that a possible conflict between the prime minister and the Knesset may lead to a political and constitutional catastrophe.


Iterated random functions are used to draw pictures, simulate large Ising models or likelihood function representation of hidden Markov models, among other applications. They offer a method for studying the steady state distribution of a Markov chain, and there is a simply unifying idea: the iterated random Lipschitz functions converge if the functions are contracting on the average. To be more precise, let (X, d) be a complete separable metric space and (Fn)n≥0 a sequence of i.i.d. random functions from X to X which are uniform Lipschitz, that is, Ln = supx6=y d(Fn(x), Fn(y))/d(x, y) <∞ a.s. Providing the mean contraction assumption E log L1 < 0 and E log + d(F1(x0), x0) <∞ for some x0 ∈ X, it is known that the forward iterations M n = Fn ◦ · · · ◦ F1(x), n ≥ 0, converge weakly to a unique stationary distribution π for each x ∈ X. The associated backward iterations M̂ n = F1 ◦ · · · ◦ Fn(x) are a.s. convergent to a random variable M̂∞ which does not depend on x and has distribution π. In this paper, we describe the essential results about asymptotic behavior of the iterated random functions M n . To start with, we summarize recent results regarding stochastic stability of iterated random functions. Then, we study limiting theorems for additive functions of a Markov chain that can be constructed as an iterated random functions, which include ergodic theorem, central limit theorem, quick convergence, Edgeworth expansion and renewal theorems. Three prototypical methods are introduced to prove limiting theorems: regeneration method, Poisson equation, and spectral theory for the transition operator. Several examples are given for illustration. AMS 2000 subject classifications. 60J05, 60J15, 60K05, 60G17.


We read with great interest the article by Luciano et al about frequent attendance in the BJGP .1

The authors state that 'neither definition (has taken) into account that certain patients need to make more consultations than others,' and therefore, they study a two-stage approach in that they define frequent attenders according to four clinical profiles and to the top 25 and 10% top attenders.

Obviously sick patients will make more appointments with their …


ERRATUM IN: Zhao, Y., Lesmes, L. A., Hou, F., & Lu, Z.-L. (2021). Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of contrast sensitivity functions in a within-subject design. Journal of Vision, 21(12):9, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.12.9. In Table 3, the dʹ of τ ij between M-L conditions should have been 8.8, not 11.6. This has been corrected in the article online. Citation: Zhao, Y., Lesmes, L. A., Hou, F., & Lu, Z.-L. (2022). Erratum in: Hierarchical Bayesianmodeling of contrast sensitivity functions in a within-subject design. Journal of Vision, 22(2):10, 1, https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.2.10.


Since the Great Recession some central banks have introduced measures such as quantitative easing (QE) and negative interest rates which seem unconventional in terms of the pre-crisis monetary policy consensus. Some economists and policymakers expect these actions to affect the money supply, both directly and indirectly. The paper confronts these statements with some institutional constraints on money creation to examine whether the claimed influence on money supply is possible. Some types of QE could affect the money supply, however it should not be perceived as an incentive for commercial banks to increase lending. When it comes to the negative policy rates, the effect on banks' lending might actually be quite the opposite to the expected growth. These discrepancies result from certain inaccurate beliefs about money creation. Some adjustments provide a more realistic view of possible consequences of unconventional monetary policies and may contribute to the better implementation of monetary policy at the zero-lower bound.


The complexities of mechanical ventilators have been chronicled in these pages over the last few decades as investigators and manufacturers have searched for improved outcomes and competitive advantage. On several occasions I have had the privilege of writing about the current state of the art and the promise of closed-loop mechanical ventilation.1–3 While new modes of mechanical ventilation have failed to impact outcomes, the innovation and invention continue. The promises of closed-loop ventilation include improved safety, improved patient comfort, and rapid response to change in patient condition. Survival outcomes are elusive and expensive. Under the current regulatory framework, the funds necessary to undertake a study capable of determining the effects of a new mode on outcome are not available. Manufacturers need only to demonstrate engineering success in a lung model in order to obtain marketing approval through the Food and Drug Administration's 510(k) process; patient studies are not required. This leaves the clinician in a bit of a quandary. That is, unlike drugs, which have to prove superiority or noninferiority prior to marketing, new ventilation modes are available to the masses prior to any breadth of knowledge regarding application and safety. In essence, each new use is like a clinical research project with an n of 1 and no protocol or informed consent. To complicate matters, much of the education regarding new modes originates with the manufacturer. I have great admiration and respect for many of our colleagues in industry, but we rely too much on their educational initiatives, which drive new technology based on improved sales, not improved outcomes.


Previous research on Segment Routing (SR) mostly focused on unicast, whereas online SDN multicast with segment trees supporting IETF dynamic group membership has not been explored. Compared with unicast SR, online SDN multicast with segment trees is more challenging since finding an appropriate size, shape, and location for each segment tree is crucial to deploy it in more multicast trees. In this paper, we explore Multi-tree Multicast Segment Routing (MMSR) to jointly minimize the bandwidth consumption and forwarding rule updates over time by leveraging segment trees. We prove MMSR is NP-hard and design an online competitive algorithm, named Segment Tree Routing and Update Scheduling (STRUS) to achieve the tightest bound. STRUS includes Segment Tree Merging and Segment Tree Pruning to merge smaller overlapping subtrees into segment trees, and then tailor them to serve more multicast trees. We design Stability Indicator and Reusage Indicator to carefully construct segment trees at the backbone of multicast trees and reroute multicast trees to span more segment trees. Simulation and implementation on real SDNs with YouTube traffic manifest that STRUS outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms regarding the total cost and TCAM usage. Moreover, STRUS is practical for SDN since its running time is about 1 second, even for massive networks with thousands of nodes.


Based on Acoustic Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF) spectroscopic technique, the feasibility of measurement of principal milk constituents by Near Infrared Spectroscopy is investigated. Reliability prediction was made to the measuring system combined with the reliability evaluation without failure and Monte-Carlo method based on the computer technique. By means of the reliability prediction to the system,the inherent reliability has been estimated and weakness of the hardware system has also been determined, which provided proof for selection of key components, and laid down the theoretical foundation for further reliability design on the system .


The paper was motivated by Kovacs' paper (1973), Isaacs' paper (1980) and a recent paper, due to Bresar et al. (2018), concerning Skolem-Noether algebras. Let K be a unital commutative ring, not necessarily a field. Given a unital K -algebra S , where K is contained in the center of S, n ∈ ℕ, the goal of this paper is to study the question: when can a homomorphism ϕ : M n ( K ) → M n ( S ) be extended to an inner automorphism of M n ( S )? As an application of main results presented in the paper, it is proved that if S is a semilocal algebra with a central separable subalgebra R , then any homomorphism from R into S can be extended to an inner automorphism of S .


Studies on the effectiveness of age of in vitro grown seedlings on regenerative response of explants derived from them were conducted in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. PKM-1. The results revealed that cotyledons and hypocotyls of 10 days old seedlings were found to be superior compared to explants collected from 8, 12, 14 days old seedlings when MS medium is supplemented with BAP 1.5 mg/L + Kinetin 1.0 mg/L. These findings could be well exploited for further development of quick regenerative and transformation protocols for the tomato cv.PKM-1.


With the state of Tamil Nadu having one of the highest rates of HIV in India, in 2002 the Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine (GHTM) set a formidable goal for itself—development of a worldclass HIV care and treatment center. Working in partnership with I-TECH and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Global AIDS Program (CDC GAP), in 2005 GHTM launched a new effort to strengthen the large southern state's response to the HIV epidemic in India. Known as the Clinical and Leadership Training Program on HIV/ AIDS, it is a year-long fellowship program that is unique due to the on-the-job mentoring and extensive training in HIV clinical care that it provides. This clinical mentoring model is featured because of the central part that mentoring plays within this comprehensive training program. The program's clinical mentoring makes use of state-of-the-art techniques for advanced care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment of patients with HIV. The program aims to equip junior and mid-level physicians with the skills necessary to diagnose and manage HIV cases, as well as carry out research and become leaders in the fi eld of HIV and AIDS.


This paper uses a variety of research methods to investigate the implementation effect of online physical education teaching in a primary school during the new crown pneumonia epidemic. The results found that the online teaching strategy is insufficient in the specific implementation process, focusing on the local decision algorithm of wireless sensor network distributed sports online detection and the data fusion algorithm of the system fusion center, and the classical Bayesian and Neyman- Pearson's theory is analyzed, aiming to build a variety of communication and docking platforms, improve the professional quality of physical education teachers, cultivate students' habit of self-exercise, realize the orderly development of the daily online teaching system of physical education classes, and provide the basis for the future development of physical education teaching during the epidemic period. Provide reference and reference.


DEFINITION
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin refers to patients who present with histologicaly confirmed metastatic cancer in whom a detailed medical history, complete physical examination, including pelvic and rectal examination, full blood count and biochemistry, urinalysis and stool occult blood testing, hisinpathological review oJ biopsy speimens with the use of immunohistochemistry, chest radiography, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, and in certain cases mammography, fail to identify the primary site.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CUP
The cancer of unknown primary accounts for 3%-5% of all human cancers.

DIAGNOSIS OF CUP
The standard diagnostic procedure for the majority of patients includes histopathologic review of biopsy specimens with the use of immunoltistochemistry, chest radiography, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, and in certain cases mamography, fail to identify the abdomen and pelvis. The four common histologic diagnoses are: adenocarcinoma (70%), poorly differentiated carcinoma (20%), squamous carcinoma (10%), and poorly differentiated neoplasms (5%).

PROGNOSIS OF CUP
The prognosis for most patients with unknown primary tumors is poor, with survival often less than 6 months from diagnosis.

THERAPY OF CUP
Based on clinical and pathologic features, approximately 40% of patients can be categorized within subsets for which specific treatment has been defined. Empiric therapy is an option for the remaining 60% of patients.

CONCLUSION
Metastatic tumors of unknown origin have a unique clinical presentation due to a specific biology. Insight into the molecular biology of unknown primary tumors will be essential for the development of more effective treatments.


This study exploits shocks to firm investment opportunities caused by staggered exogenous changes in government spending to examine the impact of investment opportunities on firm debt contracting policy. We find that adverse shocks to investment opportunities lead to a significant reduction in the use of debt covenants in syndicated bank loans. Consistent with incomplete contract theory, we show that firms mitigate debt-equity conflicts arising out of investment opportunities by employing accounting-based financial covenants rather than nonaccounting-based prepayment covenants. Adverse shocks to investment opportunities also lead to a concomitant decrease in the cost of borrowing. We find consistent evidence for corporate bond covenants and bond market borrowing costs as well. Overall, this study resolves prior mixed evidence concerning the impact of investment opportunities on debt contracting and connects macroeconomic theory with the accounting literature on debt contracting.


The retrieval of information from measured limb radiance is usually done by iteration of the unknown independent parameters in a forward model until measurement matches calculation. The extremely non-linear nature of the atmospheric infrared radiative transfer equation requires a very accurate model, particularly for emission. Ideally, a rigorous line-by-line calculation should be done for each atmospheric state addressed. Past limitations in algorithms, hardware, and dollars (or a combination of the same) confined such calculations to small data sets or research simulations. However, improvements in algorithms and computer hardware have made the ideal possible, for many applications, on relatively inexpensive systems. This paper will give an overview of algorithms, methodology, and hardware now being prepared for use in the reduction of future data sets from HALOE (The Halogen Occultation Experiment) to fly on UARS and SAFIRE (Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere using Far Infra-Red Emission) scheduled to fly on the second EOS polar platform. Several high resolution multipath examples with timing benchmarks on different machines are presented.


Despite recent advances, there still remain many problems to design reliable cyber-physical systems. One of the typical problems is to achieve a seemingly conflicting goal, which is to support timely delivery of real-time flows while improving resource efficiency. Recently, the concept of mixed-criticality (MC) has been widely accepted as useful in addressing the goal for real-time resource management. However, it has not been yet studied well for real-time communication. In this paper, we present the first approach to support MC flow scheduling on switched Ethernet networks leveraging an emerging network architecture, software-defined networking (SDN). Though SDN provides flexible and programmatic ways to control packet forwarding and scheduling, it yet raises several challenges to enable real-time MC flow scheduling on SDN, including: 1) how to handle (i.e., drop or re-prioritize) out-of-mode packets in the middle of the network when the criticality mode changes and 2) how the mode change affects end-to-end transmission delays. Addressing such challenges, we develop MC-SDN that supports real-time MC flow scheduling by extending SDN-enabled switches and OpenFlow protocols. It manages and schedules MC packets in different ways depending on the system criticality mode. To this end, we carefully design the mode change protocol that provides analytic mode change delay bound, and then resolve implementation issues for system architecture. For evaluation, we implement a prototype of MC-SDN on top of Open vSwitch, and integrate it into a real world network testbed as well as a 1/10 autonomous vehicle. Our extensive evaluations with the network testbed and vehicle deployment show that MC-SDN supports MC flow scheduling with minimal delays on forwarding rule updates and it brings a significant improvement in safety in a real-world application scenario.


Chemical tanker vessels are at risk for large-scale accidents due to the nature of their cargo and operating conditions, challenging environments as well as general maritime hazards. To counteract such hazards, the ship-owning company works on maintaining safety at the organizational level, and the captain instantiates safety regulations on the interpersonal level. The crew members are expected to maintain safety by having accurate situation awareness, and beneficial safety attitudes and behaviour. We pre-registered an analysis to test for associations between safety variables in a survey for chemical tanker vessel crews. A structural equation model revealed that the ship-owning company's safety climate and the captain's leadership style were associated with the vessel's safety climate. Further, the vessel's safety climate was associated with individual safety attitude, situation awareness and adherence to safety management systems. Safety attitude had a central role in the model and was associated with situation awareness, reporting attitude, safe behaviour and adherence to safety management systems. The results imply that it may be beneficial to monitor and improve safety attitudes among crew on chemical tanker vessels and in similar work-environments.


This invention relates to a method for producing an optical beam forming apparatus including a plurality of lens means which are offset from each other in one or more directions disposed on at least one optically functional boundary surface. The beam forming apparatus (1) has at least two optical function made of a device (30, 31, 32, 33), said functional elements each of which at least a first cylindrical lens means on a first optically functional boundary surface (20) , and the having the first optical functional second optical function at least one second cylindrical lens means on the boundary surface 21 facing the boundary surface, arranged on the first cylinder axis is a first boundary surface of the cylinder lens means 21 the substantially extends in perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the first cylindrical lens means (20). Beam forming apparatus, the optically functional boundary surfaces, the lens means, the optical functional device.


Summary Cecropia peltata is a plant highly appreciated in the Mayan communities of the south west part of Mexico for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this work the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous (Ae-P) and the butanolic (Be-P) extracts of the plant were tested in n5-stz diabetic rats. F The Ae-P showed a hypoglycemic effect only at 200 mg/kg bw after 180 min of administration, whereas 20 mg/kg bw did not show any effect. The Be-P at 27 mg/kg bw showed effect only at 180 min., whereas at 60 mg/kg bw showed an hypoglycemic effect since 60 min up to 180 min. Since C. peltata extracts exerted a lower hypoglycemic effect than that previously observed with Cecropia obtusifolia, after we compared the phytochemical profile of both species we observe that C. peltata presents lower concentrations of Cholorogenic acid, with this results one can assume that a good hypoglycemic effect of both Cecropia species is related with the amount of Cholorogenic acid and Isoorientin present in the extracts.


Following what is basically Kummer's relatively neglected approach to nonunique factorization, we determine the structure of the irreducible factorizations of an element n in the ring of integers of a number field K. Consequently, we give a combinatorial expression for the number of irreducible factorizations of n in the ring. When K is quadratic, we show in certain cases how quadratic forms can be used to explicitly produce all irreducible factorizations of n.