Parenting is a primary role for many young breast cancer survivors and the combined effect of parenting while coping with this disease can be problematic for many of them. Despite this, little is known about the impact of parenting on the well-being of young breast cancer survivors. This thesis, comprising two studies in article format, explores this question. In the first study, we identified elements of well-being that are salient for all young women with breast cancer, and which also captured some of the unique challenges associated with parenting as a survivor. Using factor analysis techniques, we determined how these elements interrelated in separate groups of young survivors with children and without, and identified differences between the two groups based on the patterns observed. We found that the interrelationship among elements of well-being varied between these two groups: psychological distress (representing mental health and perceived stress), illness intrusiveness, and fear of cancer recurrence were found to co-occur more frequently in mothers than in young survivors without children, thus compromising their well-being. Our second study had two objectives. The first part examined differences in perceived stress, illness intrusiveness, and fear of cancer recurrence between young breast cancer survivors with and without children in two separate timeframes (0-5 and 5-15 years since diagnosis). The second part identified predictors for these elements of well-being in young mothers exclusively. Compared to survivors without children, young mothers reported higher levels of fear of cancer recurrence and illness intrusiveness in intimate life domains during both timeframes, suggesting that disruptions in these areas persist over time. Part two revealed that mothers with adolescent children and high levels of parenting stress were most likely to report perceived stress and illness intrusiveness. A mother's age and the time since her diagnosis predicted fear of cancer recurrence and illness intrusiveness, respectively.


Magnetorheological Elastomers (MR Elastomers or MREs) are a class of novel smart material consisting of high molecular polymers and magnetic particles. The controllability of their mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties through the applied magnetic fields has attracted increasing attentions and broad application prospects. However, the applications of conventional MREs are limited due to their insufficient MR effects and mechanical performances. This paper aims to optimize the fabrication method and to fabricate good natural rubber based MREs with high modulus by investigating the influences of a variety of fabrication conditions on the MREs performances, such as matrix type, field strength, temperature, plasticizer and iron particles. Among these factors, the content of iron particles plays the most important role in shear modulus. When the iron particle weight fraction is 80% and the applied magnetic field is above 600mT, the relative MR effect can reach 133%. If the iron weight fraction increases to 90%, the field-induced increment of shear modulus can reach 4.5MPa. The effect of strain amplitude and driving frequency on viscoelastic properties of MREs is also analyzed. The shear modulus decreases with the increment of strain but is almost independent of the driving frequency.


: India is confronting a serious challenge in discarding the waste in landfills all through the nation. The landfill transfer is coming about in large ejection costs and potential natural issues. If the current run proceeds, waste generation will develop by 7% each year which will eventually result in immersed capacity of landfills by 2025. This paper reports on the outcome of an examination of utilization of waste paper as extra fabric in concrete blends to be utilized for domestic projects, for which it must be guaranteed that the coming about concrete has the genuine mechanical strength. Concrete blends containing different substance of the waste were arranged and fundamental characteristics such as compressive strength and water absorption were decided and compared with a control mix. Four concrete mixes with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of waste paper as an extra fabric to the concrete were arranged for M-20 concrete.


A novel edge flip-flop was designed based on study of power consumption theory and time characteristics of edge flip-flops.Results from Spectre simulation based on SMIC's 0.35 μm CMOS standard process showed that the delay and power consumption of the novel edge flip-flop was reduced by 48% and 26.22%,respectively,compared with the conventional structure.Furthermore,in the new design,the double-edge flip-flop had a delay and power consumption 36% and 19% lower,respectively,than the single-edge flip-flop.It can be concluded that the novel edge flip-flop,especially double-edge flip-flop,can not only reduce power consumption of IC's,but also speed up microsystems.


The goal of this thesis are: (l) to know the validity of learning equipment based on problem to improve the students of MINs problem solving ability, (2) to know the effectiveness of applying learning equipment based on problem identified from the teacher and the students, and (3) to know the difference problem solving which taught by using learning equipment based on problem in MIN.
The kinds of development which is done using the development of Four D Model which found by Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel that modified become four levels. These four levels are define, design, develop, and disseminate. This learning equipment based on problem limited on lesson plan, students book, teachers book, LAS, and test.
This test is done on the fifth grade of MIN Sunggal and MIN Petisah. The sample is taken from the fifth grade consist of 30 students. The technique of data analysis in the development of learning equipment uses technique analysis of descriptive statistic and quantitative statistic by using T test. The requirements of analysis use Kolmogorov Smirnov to test normality and Lavene to test homogeneity. The reliability pre test of Alpha Cronbach (on Reliability Statistic) = 0.724 and the reliability post test = 0.574 is bigger than rtabe1 = 0.320, so this test is reliable.
The result of hypothesis is shown that: (l) learning equipment based on problem to improve the students problem solving is valid. It can be seen from the validity of valuator: the mean of lesson plan = 4.57 and the reliability = 0.82. The mean of the students book = 4.66 and the reliability = 0.71. The mean of the teachers book = 4.65 and the reliability = 0.78. The mean of problem solving in pre test = 4.56 and the reliability = 0.94. The mean of problem solving in post test = 4.64 and the reliability = 0.89. The result of this thesis can be concluded that learning equipment based on problem to improve the students problem solving is valid. (2) The effectiveness of learning equipment based on problem identified from the teacher and the students can be seen from these components: (a) The problem solving test is more than 80% to KKM; (b) The students activity is on the limited learning effectiveness; (c) The teachers ability in managing the process of teaching and learning is on the limited learning effectiveness; (d) The students response is more than 80%. (3) The ability in problem solving by using learning equipment based on problem is better significantly by showing from the proportion of p (Sig (2-tailed)) = 0.000 (p < 0.05).


SummaryThis study analyzes profiles of syntactic usage among six-year old language disordered children. By means of the LARSP categories, the syntactic structures of 30 language disordered and 15 normal children were grouped, by a Q-Factor analysis into clusters of mathematically similar profiles. Two groups with imbalanced syntactic development, in contrast to the normal pattern of balanced development were discerned. These appear to be similar to patterns found by Crystal. The first group (A) reveals normal clause development but inadequate phrase and word structures. The second group (B) exhibits a pattern of depressed word and phrase structure but even lower ability in the area of clause structure, with the added features of inconsistent performance and a wide gap between maximum and typical performance. The relationships between profiles found in this study and those found by Crystal, as well as implications of the research are discussed.


Under the Modi regime What one is witnessing is more than cultural McCarthyism. To the witch-hunt, we are adding a cultural uprooting, inquisition-style. To the overt brutality of violence, one…


Not-for-profit organizations are legal entities that, unlike other business entities, are not aimed at generating profits but satisfying the needs of specific target population groups. These legal entities use terms such as non-profit, generally or publicly beneficial or non-governmental. These terms characterize the nature and content of their activities. The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "The Awareness and Attitudes of School Youth to Non-profit Organizations with Focus on Pupils of Elementary Schools in the Zlin Region". In the theoretical part, a literature research aims on the non-governmental non-profit sector with a focus on non-governmental non-profit organizations, which components are analy-zed too. Marketing communication mix and the target group is also described in the theore-tical part. In the practical part, quantitative research is carried out, which focuses on the perception and attitudes of the pubescent pupils of primary schools in Zubřich and the elementary schools of 5th flora in Rožnov pod Radhostěm, to non-governmental non-profit organizati-ons. Based on the results of the research, there is a summary and subsequent recommen-dations that could help non-governmental non-governmental organizations to increase the efficiency of their activities, especially for the current consumer society, where all the ma-nifestations of unwanted altruism are so much needed.


Two nor'easter events—sampled during the NASA Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast‐Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign—were examined to characterize the microphysics in relation to the underlying electrification processes within wintertime stratiform regions. A theoretical model was developed to determine whether accretion or diffusion growth regimes were preferential during periods of greatest electrification. Model simulation with electrification parameterization was used to provide supplemental context to the physical processes of in‐cloud microphysics and electrification. The strongest electric fields (i.e., ∼80 V m−1 at 20 km) during the 2020 NASA IMPACTS deployment was associated with large non‐rimed ice crystals colliding with each other. During the 29–30 January 2022 science flight, the NASA P‐3 microphysical probe data demonstrated that non‐inductive charging was possible off the coastline of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Later in the science flight, when the NASA P‐3 and ER‐2 were coordinating with each other, measured electric fields consistently were less than 8 V m−1 and electrification was subdued owing to reduced concentrations of graupel and large ice hydrometeors. Altogether, the in‐situ observations provide evidence for the non‐riming collisional charging mechanism and demonstrates that graupel and supercooled liquid water may not be necessary for weak electrification within wintertime stratiform regions. Model output from simulation of both events suggested that the main synoptic snowbands were associated with elevated hydrometeor snow charge density and electric fields.


Non-contact and non-destructive polarization 3D imaging uses a passive, single-frame array image to calculate 3D information, making it possible to obtain high-precision 3D information about tunnel cracks, and offering outstanding technical advantages. Based on the introduction of the principle of crack detection with polarization 3D imaging, a tunnel lining crack detection plan was developed and a detection equipment was designed. The method and process of polarization 3D imaging for lining crack detection are described in detail. A model of the impact of the tunnel environment on 3D detection and a method for obtaining absolute information have been established to obtain high-precision 3D information about cracks. In a real tunnel environment, tests were conducted to detect wide cracks, narrow cracks, and artificial cracks. The crack detection accuracy with respect to the crack width was 0.2–0.3 mm, and with respect to crack length was 0.2–0.3 mm. At the same time, crack depth information could be obtained. The present research results can provide technical support for the application of polarization 3D imaging in tunnel crack detection.


Regular exercise (EX) is recommended in addition to pharmacotherapies for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but patients with T2D often have difficulty tolerating EX. Additionally, some studies report that the combination of metformin, the first line pharmacotherapy for T2D, and EX may have non‐additive or even inhibitory effects on glycemic control and aerobic capacity. Therefore, further investigation into the combination of EX with alternative T2D medications is needed. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether co‐treatment with a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), a new class of T2D medication, and EX further improve glycemic control when compared to SGLT2i alone and 2) assess whether the addition of SGLT2i to EX affects exercise tolerance. It was hypothesized that SGLT2i combined with EX would further improve indices of glycemic control when compared to SGLT2i alone and that the combination of therapies would not worsen exercise tolerance. All procedures performed were in accordance with established regulations and guidelines and were approved by the Pfizer IACUC. A low‐dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) and high‐fat feeding model was used to induce T2D in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were then randomized to the following conditions (n=7–10 animals/group): vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) and sedentary (VEH SED), VEH EX, canagliflozin (3 mg/kg/d) SED (SGLT2i SED), or SGLT2i EX for 12 weeks. EX consisted of treadmill running for 60 min/d, 5d/wk, on a 10% incline at ~50–55% of the maximal running speed obtained from a VO2peak test. Reported values are the mean ± SEM. EX had lower body weight (p<0.05) and body fat percentage (p<0.01) compared to SED. SGLT2i EX tended to have ~10% lower body weight than VEH EX (p=0.07), with similar body fat percentage (p=0.74 vs. SGLT2i SED). EX improved glucose (glu) area under the curve ~27% (AUC; p<0.001 vs SED) during a glucose tolerance test, with no differences between VEH EX and SGLT2i EX (p=0.08). SGLT2i had lower fasting glu and insulin, HOMA‐IR, glu AUC, and insulin AUC vs. VEH (p<0.05 for each). SGLT2i EX demonstrated further improvements in HOMA‐IR (3.0±1.0 vs. 6.5±1.2, p≤0.05) and glu AUC (19976± 934 vs. 25718± 1483 mg/dl/120 min, p=0.01), and tended to have lower insulin AUC (140±24 vs 160±23 ng/ml/120 min, p=0.056) vs. SGLT2i SED. As expected, EX had higher VO2peak and maximal running speed during VO2peak (p<0.05), with no differences between EX groups. Interestingly, at submaximal running speeds (50–75% maximal running speed), SGLT2i EX ran further before fatigue than VEH EX (882±183 vs 417±34 m, p<0.05); this was accompanied by a lower respiratory exchange ratio (0.81 vs 0.86, p<0.01) at the same VO2. When taken together, these findings suggest that the combination of SGLT2i and EX may further improve glycemic control vs. SGLT2i alone. Additionally, the combination of therapies may improve exercise tolerance, which could have potent metabolic effects in this population.


In this article a principal scheme of a modification of the regenerated industrial oil by additives derived by reagent recycling of the obsolete pesticides and shown the decrease in anthropogenic risks of their reagent processing was developed. The economic effect of usage of the studied additives in the regenerated industrial oils was calculated.


[1] We report the observation of two stellar occultations by Titan on 14 November 2003, using stations in the Indian Ocean, southern Africa, Spain, and northern and southern Americas. These occultations probed altitudes between ∼550 and 250 km (∼1 to 250 μbar) in Titan's upper stratosphere. The light curves reveal a sharp inversion layer near 515 ± 6 km altitude (1.5 μbar pressure level), where the temperature increases by 15 K in only 6 km. This layer is close to an inversion layer observed fourteen months later by the Huygens HASI instrument during the entry of the probe in Titan's atmosphere on 14 January 2005 [Fulchignoni et al., 2005]. Central flashes observed during the first occultation provide constraints on the zonal wind regime at 250 km, with a strong northern jet (∼200 m s -1 ) around the latitude 55°N, wind velocities of ∼150 m s -1 near the equator, and progressively weaker winds as more southern latitudes are probed. The haze distribution around Titan's limb at 250 km altitude is close to that predicted by the Global Circulation Model of Rannou et al. (2004) in the southern hemisphere, but a clearing north of 40°N is necessary to explain our data. This contrasts with Rannou et al.'s (2004) model, which predicts a very thick polar hood over Titan's northern polar regions. Simultaneous observations of the flashes at various wavelengths provide a dependence of τ ∝ λ -q , with q = 1.8 ± 0.5 between 0.51 and 2.2 μm for the tangential optical depth of the hazes at 250 km altitude.


We study two questions associated with rational approximation of a function f(z) near the origin z-0: continuity of the Pad approximation operator, and convergence of Chebyshev to Pad ap- proximants as the domain of approximation shrinks to a point. Both become delicate in the case of degenerate approximations, i.e. approximations whose numerator and denominator are deficient in degree. In this situation various distinct definitions of convergence of sequences of rational functions make sense, and we give a unified treatment that explains their interrelationships. Our results show that the answers to the above questions are generally affirmative only in the nondegenerate case.


This publication presents the results of several years of archaeometallurgical surveys and excavations in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. In addition instrumental analyses of metal artifacts spanning from the aceramic Neolithic to the end of the second millennium B.C. (8000-2000 B.C.) placed within their archaeological contexts are presented as precursors to the rise of technologically sophisticated metal industries in Anatolia.


We consider manifolds endowed with a contact pair structure. To such a structure are naturally associated two almost complex structures. If they are both integrable, we call the structure a normal contact pair. We generalize the Morimoto's Theorem on product of almost contact manifolds to flat bundles. We construct some examples on Boothby--Wang fibrations over contact-symplectic manifolds. In particular, these results give new methods to construct complex manifolds.


The article explores the trends of rural development from the point of view of demography, the features of demographic processes occurring in rural areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The demographic situation in rural areas of the republic is more favorable compared to average Russia. Natural population growth is maintained. At the same time, it is necessary to note the significant impact of migration processes on the rural population. In the context of the main age groups, an increase in the proportion of people over working age was revealed, especially among rural women. The paper highlights the features of the processes of fertility and mortality in rural areas of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Thus, in contrast to the Russian Federation as a whole, the total fertility rate in the rural areas of Yakutia is characterized as having sustainable development. Alertness is caused by the excess mortality of men, especially from external causes in working age. The life expectancy of the rural population of the republic during the period under review remains lower than in urban areas, and also has gender differences.


Stock market prices are becoming more and more volatile, largely due to improvements in technology and increased trading volume. Speculation affects business owners, investors, and policymakers alike. While these seemingly unpredictable trends continue, investors and consumers take to social media to share thoughts and opinions. We use information shared over StockTwits, a social media platform for investors, to better understand and predict individual stock prices. We designed and implemented three machine learning models to forecast stock prices using the dataset collected from StockTwits. We also evaluated our models with conclusions drawn from previous researchers in this field. Our first model found no correlation between general StockTwits postings and stock price. However, our second and third models considered a novel approach and successfully filtered through the twits to find important posts. These important twits could predict stock price movements with greater accuracy (average around 65%) based on sentiment analysis and smart user identification. We consider a user "smart" based on number of likes, follower count and more importantly how often the user is right about a stock.


alyzed in the cold against several changes of 0.9 per cent saline, made up to 1:10,000 with merthiolate, and finally centrifuged. The volume of A was 22 ml., that of B, 18 ml. Analyses for anti-C were carried out with the largest possible blank and duplicate portions, as described above, yielding, after several successive additions of C-substance, 0.123 mgm. anti-C nitrogen in the globulin fraction A and zero anti-C in the albumin fraction B, even after addition of 10 mgm. of calcium chloride to the latter in case absence of precipitation had been due to a lack of calcium ion.


Export container slots allocation is a key problem of container port operation management.Focusing on the dynamic uncertainty of export container delivery time,a two-stage scheduling strategy is proposed,and the problem is decomposed into bay allocation in yard and slot allocation in bays,whose object is minimizing the distance of gantry crane and the reshuf?e.According to characteristics of two-level scheduling strategy,solving algorithm is developed based on Tabu-search.Experiments show that,the proposed method can efficiently improve allocation effect by dynamic uncertain information,and the algorithm can get the satisfied solution in reasonable time.


Given that the U.S. military uses science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) exposure as a key recruitment tool, one should expect that military service is associated with STEM outcomes. While research demonstrates this pattern for women veterans, we know little about racialized and intersectional patterns. This article uses the American Community Survey data (2014–2018) to examine the association between military service, race/ethnicity, and gender to STEM degrees earned. We find that military service operates contingently: White men's plus white, Hispanic, and multiracial/other women's predicted probability of earning a STEM degree increases with military service. In contrast, for other minority groups, military service is not associated with a higher predicted probability of earning a STEM degree. Indeed, for groups typically overrepresented in STEM fields (i.e., Asian veterans), a negative association exists. These findings inform extant research on the long-term impact of military service on civilian reintegration, including educational and occupational outcomes.


Security is a serious trend in hybrid networks. In this paper, we present a new methodology based on software agents for minimizing the dissemination of vulnerabilities in this kind of networks. The suitable placement of software agents in the network could enhance and minimize the spreading of exploitation of vulnerabilities in networked systems and devices. Each agent can propagate warnings to their neighbors and therefore alert them of impending threats. Using this approach, the overall awareness of the network to security vulnerabilities and exposures is increased. Moreover, in this kind of network environments susceptible of high fluctuation in the number of connected systems and frequent migration between network segments, a distributed vulnerability assessment could minimize potential threats to security


The goal of this research is  to describe the analysis of mathematics students error to solve problem of linear programs. This research belongs to the type of qualitative research with using a descriptive approach.  The data collection technique is done by giving tests in the form of linear program story questions and interviews. This study used in fifth semester of the students of mathematics of Pahlawan University. The results showed that the types of conceptual errors are: a) making graphic error solution, b) error in using the concept of a variable that will be used, c) identify what is asked and d) choosing error symbol. Procedural errors are: a) error in choosing the strategy to be used in problem solving, b) error in apply strategy to solve the problem, and c) error in viewing return what is the solution obtained is in accordance with what known and asked. Causative factor students make mistakes in solving program problems linear:  a) Students are not accustomed to solving story problems so that students have difficulty transform into a mathematical model b) Students do not understand the concept of symbols inequalities c) Students are less proficient at making graphs including determining the area completion d) Students do not understand the concept of extreme points e) Students are less thorough in performing calculation operations


main concepts and outlines the structure of the book, the first chapter traces the theological roots of forced secularism and militant atheism and their establishment as state policy. The next six chapters are divided into two parts focusing on Russia and China, respectively, and organised chronologically. After giving a short historical tour of state–religion relations in the pre-communist societies of Russia and China in Chapters Two and Five, Marsh delves thoroughly into an explanation of various phases of the development of oppressive policies on religion by the communist regimes of these countries. In Chapters Three and Six, which mirror each other, the author gives a masterly depiction of survival strategies of religious groups, enriching them with courageous personal accounts of believers who did not trade their faith in God when faced with severe persecution, torture, imprisonment and long years of exile. Chapters Four and Seven further examine the revival of religion in these post-atheist regimes. For example, the Russian state's support of the religious rebirth of the Russian Orthodox Church is examined, with Marsh detailing the Church's attempts to immerse itself in all spheres of public life, in order to regain its historical status and stand 'next to the state as its own equal' (p. 140). China, on the other hand, continues to confine the religious presence of various denominations to the private arena, suppressing any attempt at public appearance, except for Buddhism, which experiences more leeway in public life. The concluding chapter emphasises the idea that irrespective of the harsh methods aimed at eliminating religion from the public sphere, religion lives in the hearts and minds of people, as man by his true nature is 'Homo Religiosus' (p. 252). The book makes a significant contribution to secularisation and desecularisation theories. While the former are enhanced by a comprehensive analysis of a 'mutated variant of secularization' (p. 10), so-called forced secularisation, the latter are further developed through the examination of the revival of religion in post-communist societies. One of the weaknesses of the present study is that insufficient attention is paid to the other three traditional religions of Russia. Although the author touches sporadically upon Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are barely mentioned. However, Marsh does a better job in examining all the major religious denominations of China, thus giving them an equal representation. The book would have benefited from the inclusion of the additional insights of ordinary people who had lived a life of faith under the oppressive atheist states, rather than limiting itself to mainly telling brave stories of famous religious figures. The author can be praised for his brevity and clarity in compiling such a fundamental account of a more than century-long history of religion in two powerful nations both past and present. The book is well written and indulges the reader through critical discussions of oppressive anti-religion policies and survival strategies, supported by real and absorbing stories of believers 'who fought to live lives of faith under a regime that mocked and persecuted them' (p. 14). Thus, it may draw the interest of sociologists, theologians, historians and political scientists, as well as a wider group of academic and non-academic readers to whom revisiting state–religion relationships under communist regimes might appeal.


A manufacturing method having a step (a) for melting and mixing 0.01 to 0.6 parts by mass of an organic peroxide (P) with respect to 100 parts by mass of a resin composition (RC), and 10 to 400 parts by mass of a filler (S) containing a silane coupling agent premixed filler (F) in which the heat-loss ratio (W) excluding moisture when heated for two hours at 105°C is 0.15 to 3.0 mass%, at a dissolution temperature or greater of the organic peroxide (P) to prepare a silane master batch; a heat-resistant silane-cross-linkable resin-molded article and heat-resistant silane-cross-linkable resin composition manufactured using this manufacturing method; a heat-resistant product that uses the heat-resistant silane-cross-linkable resin-molded article; a silane coupling agent premixed filler; and filler containing same.


Introduction According to Skinner (1957), speaking and writing are different kinds of verbal operants that initially must be "separately conditioned" (p. 191). Skinner (1957) proposed that words that occur in written form are functionally independent of the vocal form of the same word. He refers to this as the "same response in different media" (p.191). On this topic, Skinner wrote: But speaking and writing are obviously different kinds of behavior, which utilize different parts of the body in different ways. Where we could paraphrase "the same word used in different ways" as "the same response in different types of operant," here we must attempt to bridge the gap between spoken and written behavior either by pointing to something common to the occasions upon which the behaviors occur or among the effects which they have upon the listener and reader. But common controlling variables, action either prior to the behavior in the stimulation occasion or after the behavior as part of the event called reinforcement, will not permit us to get from one form of the response to the other. The two forms of behavior must be separately conditioned. (p. 191) Consistent with Skinner's theory, several types of verbal operants are initially independent including: mands and tacts (e.g., Lamarre & Holland, 1985; Hall & Sundberg, 1987; Twyman, 1996; Williams & Greer, 1993), listener and speaker responses (Horne & Lowe, 1996), and written and spoken responses (Greer, Yuan, & Gautreaux, 2005). Recent research reported the effectiveness of multiple exemplar instructional methods in joining separate verbal operants to a single controlling stimulus, such as with listener and speaker responses (Horne & Lowe, 1996; Fiorile & Greer, 2007; Greer, Stolfi, Chavez-Brown, & Rivera-Valdez, 2005; Pistoljevic, 2008), and with written and spoken responses (Greer, Yuan, et al., 2005). Similarly, Nirgudkar (2005) and Nuzzolo-Gomez & Greer (2005) joined single responses to the control of different establishing operations for mand and tact operants as a function of multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) across establishing operations. According to Greer & Ross (2008) MEI) (also known as multiple exemplar training or MET) has been described in the literature in two ways. In one use of the term (also called general case teaching), MEI refers to a tactic in which different examples of the same stimulus are presented when teaching generalization or abstraction (e.g., Hughes & Rusch, 1989; Sprague & Horner, 1984). For example, teaching textual responses to phonemes across multiple exemplars results in the emission of accurate textual responses to novel words (Engelmann & Carnine, 1982). In another usage, MEI refers to a tactic used to bring independent operants (e.g., writing, spelling aloud, and textually responding) under joint stimulus control for novel stimuli by rotating different responses to a single stimulus in instructional sets (Greer, Yuan, et al., 2005; Fiorile & Greer, 2007; Greer, Stolfi, et al., 2005). That is, "the manipulation of initially independent response topographies with the same stimulus may generate the joint stimulus control such that a single stimulus can evoke both responses" (Greer, Yuan, et al. p. 100). In the study described herein, the latter description of MEI applies. Greer, Yuan, et al. (2005) tested the effect of MEI across written and spoken responses in instructional sets on the acquisition of untaught spelling responses in the vocal or written form, for four young children, using a delayed multiple probe design. After an initial test showed that the participants could not spell three sets of five words, the participants were taught to spell Set 1 words in one response form (either vocal or written), and after achieving mastery in the taught form, probes were conducted on the untaught form. …


Two promoters for the Escherichia coli operon that contains the four genes dnaA, dnaN, recF, and gyrB were found to be growth rate regulated and under stringent control. Transcript abundance relative to total RNA increased with the growth rate. Changes in transcription from the dnaAp1 and dnaAp2 promoters that were induced by amino acid starvation and chloramphenicol and were relA dependent were correlated with the stringent response. The abundance of these transcripts per total RNA also decreased in spoT mutants as the severity of the mutation increased (guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate [ppGpp] basal levels increased). Because expression of these promoters appears to be inhibited by ppGpp, it is proposed that one mechanism for coupling DNA replication to the growth rate of bacteria is through ppGpp synthesis at the ribosome.


A group of 100 patients of the predominantly chronic type of schizophrenia, equally divided by sex, underwent a course of hypoglycemic shock treatment while 69 patients—36 men and 33 women—were observed as controls. Fifteen other patients, eight men and seven women have improved spontaneously while in preparation for treatment. The report is based on the state of the patients eight months to two years after termination of treatment or control observation. Various degrees of improvement took place in 36 per cent of the treated patients, a lower percentage than generally reported. The percentage of improvement in the control group was 21.7. The percentage of improvement in the combined control and spontaneously improved group was 35.7 or about the same as in the treated group. Relapses took place in 47 per cent of the treated patients, in 33.3 per cent of control cases and in 24 per cent of the combined control and spontaneously improved patients. The treatment was the cause of death in 3 per cent of cases....


Deficits in visual short‐term memory (STM), rather than episodic long‐term memory, have recently been found to be associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the brain microstructural underpinning of selective abilities within visual STM remains poorly described.


Linear interpolation is often employed for chunk-based OFDMA uplink because of its low complexity and good performance. However, the linear interpolation error induced by the mismatch between the linear interpolation model and the actual channel can be detrimental to high-data-rate systems operating in high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) range or high mobility scenario. In this paper, enhanced linear interpolation schemes with small time-direction interpolation error are proposed, particularly for the chunk-based OFDMA uplink. Unlike the conventional linear interpolation, which is based on the assumption that the real and imaginary parts of channel coefficients are separately linearly varying, the proposed schemes are based on an interesting observation that the amplitude and phase of a communication channel are also linearly varying within a short time duration, e.g. a chunk duration. Simulation results show the proposed schemes can effectively improve the performance.


With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology and sensor networks, large amount of data is facing security challenges in the transmission process. In the process of data transmission, the standardization and authentication of data sources are very important. A digital signature scheme based on bilinear pairing problem is designed. In this scheme, by signing the authorization mechanism, the management node can control the signature process and distribute data. The use of private key segmentation mechanism can reduce the performance requirements of sensor nodes. The reasonable combination of timestamp mechanism can ensure the time limit of signature and be verified after the data is sent. It is hoped that the implementation of this scheme can improve the security of data transmission on the Internet of things environment.


The present article contributes to attempts to re-conceptualise the top-down perspective on language policy, by analysing the role of local and city governments' agency in language education policy making. Only few studies analyse the role of lower administrative levels in language policy, other than in implementation of governmental policies, why their policy appropriations are seen as policy deviations. Language policy researchers have however recognised that local governments can, due to the regional or local character of some language education problems, also be given a more active role in policy making. My claim is that in order to do so, the analysis has to be based on a conceptual framework that sees language policy developments as part of the general democratisation and decentralisation processes in society. The article therefore also problematises attempts to analyse and make sense of language policy developments separately from political and economic transitions of society. Based on Giddens' structuration theory and language governance studies, I will analyse how two different language policy models in Estonia and Denmark – in terms of allocation of resources and authority – frame local municipalities' opportunity for agency in language education policy matters.


Abstract : The book is reviewed in terms of its intended audience, strengths, and weaknesses. It has very useful discussions of technological, cultural, and personality aspects of team success. The book is recommended for managers and for team members who currently use or plan to use virtual teams.


Adolescence is a time of growth and development. The process of growth and development takes place quickly so that the level of adequate protein and energy increases. Diet is an important habit that can affect nutritional status and meet nutritional needs. The research objective was to determine the relationship between diet, energy, and protein adequacy levels with adolescent nutritional status. The research design used analytic observational with the cross sectional approach. The population of all respondents aged 12-16 years at SMP IT Iqra consisting of 491 people with 88 people as the sample, using stratification random sampling technique. Data collection used primary data with the FFQ form and Food Recall for nutritional status using scales and microtoise. Data processing is carried out in several steps, editing, coding, tabulating, entry, and cleaning. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate with the Chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between diet, energy adequacy level, and protein adequacy level with adolescent nutritional status. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between diet, energy adequacy level, and protein adequacy level with adolescent nutritional status. It is better if schools conduct education about good eating patterns and eating portions by the guidelines for balanced nutrition to the Teens of SMP IT Iqra Bengkulu City so that their normal nutritional status increases.


EVER SINCE they undertook construction of the so-called "New Navy" in the 1 88o's, American naval officers have been aware of their widely separated responsibilities in two great oceans. Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy in 1889 and the naval Policy Board of 189o both noted the necessity for battleship protection in the Pacific as well as in the Atlantic. The Spanish-American War, so often ridiculed by historians and publicists, was a source of no little anxiety for the naval authorities who tried to maintain a force in both the Philippines and the Caribbean sufficient to discourage intervention by third parties and to defeat the fleets of Spain. The annexation of the Philippines by the United States in 1898 added the burden of naval defense in the western Pacific to the Navy's existing obligations in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific.


PURPOSE: This study seeks to examine the awareness and need of home visiting physical therapy among physical therapist in Gwangju and Jeonnam province. METHODS: Survey was conducted during the continuing education on physical therapist held in Gwangju in 2015 with 297 participants. The survey questionnaire consisted of 12 questions on the characteristics of physical therapists, 8 questions regarding the awareness of home visiting physical therapy, and 7 questions on need. RESULTS: Significant differences were found regarding service period, according to categories of the inconvenience associated with commuting to/from hospitals, long-term treatment for patients, high quality treatment with intensive care, treatment at a time of patients' choosing. The category


Introduction: The infection by Toxoplasma gondii is frequent and usually asymptomatic, but can have serious consequences in pregnant women. The purpose of this work was to analyze on a group of pregnant women the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study carried out over one year period at Souissi Maternity of Rabat. It has included pregnant women, in the last term of their pregnancies, hospitalized for childbirth. Maternal and neonatal parameters were collected then analyzed. The results were expressed as a percentage or on average +/-; standard deviation. Groups of women with positive serology and women with negative serology were compared. Results: 368 pregnant women were included. The average age was of 27,8+/-;6,17 years. 48,1% were primigests. 83,4% of the pregnancies were followed. The average weight of birth was of 3257,1+/-; 484,7 grams. The toxoplasmosis serology was negative at 55,7%. The analytical study showed that the seroprevalence increased with the age of the pregnant women to a significant degree, and no significant differences have been found in the prevalence of antibodies in women from rural areas compared with urban areas. Conclusion: This study included young women in age of procreating. The fact of living in rural area does not constitute a risk factor of toxoplasmic infection. In this study, the percentage of the notimmunized pregnant women is high. Thus the introduction of serological screening among the premarital and antenatal assessments is essential.


A testing system of the polarizing prism's extinction change along with the temperature is established. The extinction of a single polarizing prism on the same temperature and the different temperatures is measured respectively. The extinction of the same polarizer is repeatable on the same temperature, whereas the extinction decreases when temperature rises. The test realizes results well.


The indirect operation of some Australian laws and practices allows Indigenous children to be forcibly removed from their families on grounds of neglect. A major reason for the alleged neglect was the acute disadvantage suffered by Indigenous peoples with regard to housing and infrastructure. The article explores the link between dispossession and homelessness as well as the emotional and psychological impact of policies of forced removal on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families.


INTRODUCTION Wood preserving is a significant, diverse and well established industry with five hundred forty-seven known operating plants in the United States. (1) The principal product of these plants is chemically treated wood for use as railroad ties, utility poles, and construction materials. In 1984, the industry treated about 500 million cubic feet of wood products. (2) Wood is chemically treated to reduce or prevent decay by microorganisms, attack by insects and to increase its resistance to fire. Adequate preservation requires the use of large quantities of toxic chemicals which could cause environmental damage and may even result in adverse health effects. Wastewaters from these plants contain not only the normal sanitary wastes, but unusable and contaminated preservatives which no longer can be used for the processes. Two other sources of wastewater are stormwater surface runoff and excess process water. Solid residues include sludges from wastewater treatment, insoluble organic materials from waterborne salts, and contaminated soils from spills or from drippage. In older plants, the discharge of wastewaters requires treatment, which has proven to be costly and technically difficult. As a result, many small plants have chosen to close their doors instead of invest the money in treatment processes. This has been because the capital simply has not been available to them due to their small size and independent operation. These abandoned plants probably represent serious future clean-up problems for the regulatory agencies. The newer facilities, constructed in the past ten years, have incorporated within their design various pollution prevention technologies that satisfy environmental regulations and provide greater efficiency in operation. In reviewing the records of this industry, it is clear that early recognition of the "zero discharge" or "total containment" allowed the industry to modernize and flourish in North Carolina. The objective of this paper is to review the status of this industry in North Carolina, to describe the evolution and use of pollution prevention strategies for wood preservation plants, and finally to suggest strategies for existing plants for attaining self containment and zero discharge which will ultimately result in economic benefit to the plants. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT The need to protect wood from various forms of decay and physical weathering has been recognized since ancient times. Noah was commanded to use pitch while constructing the ark, and accounts of the use of similar agents are found in other passages of ancient history. In modern times, different chemicals and treatments …


The between‐study variance or heterogeneity variance is an important parameter in random effects meta‐analysis. This paper uses an M‐estimation framework to introduce and discuss variance estimators for quantifying the uncertainty in estimates of the heterogeneity variance using the noniterative generalized method of moments estimator and some related method of moments estimators. An example is used to further illustrate the variance estimators, and simulation results are presented for assessing the empirical properties of the proposed variance estimators.


ABSTRACT Type-II progressively hybrid censoring is a mixture of Type-II progressive and hybrid censoring schemes. In this paper, we consider the estimation of when X and Y are two independent Weibull distributions with different scale parameters, but having the same shape parameter, and the data obtained from both distributions are Type-II progressively hybrid censored. Different methods for estimating are applied. The maximum likelihood estimator and the approximate maximum likelihood estimator of are proposed. The observed Fisher information matrix is computed and it is used to construct an asymptotic confidence interval for . Also, two bootstrap confidence intervals are proposed. Bayes estimate of and the associated credible interval are also obtained under the assumption of independent suitable priors. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the efficiency of the proposed estimators. One data analysis has been presented for illustrative purposes.


[Objective]To retrospectively analyze 39 cases of surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femur,in order to propose a partition method which can be used to guide the surgical treatment,and probe the surgical treatment strategy according to the partition method of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femur. [Methods]The data on 39 cases of fibrous dysplasia of proximal femoral from 1998 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The study determined extent of the lesion according to preoperative X-ray film and proposed partitioning method in accordance with the scope of proximal femoral involvement,analyzed the relation of partition type and surgical treatment,and evaluated the effect of surgical treatment through the postoperative localized lesions control and functional score(MSTS 93).[Results]According to the scope of 39 cases of lesions,combined with characteristics of proximal femoral anatomy,proximal femur was divided into four zones: area I,femoral shaft(below small protuberance);area II,intertrochanteric(small rotor to the neck base division);area III,femoral neck;area IV,the femoral head.Based on the above partition,lesions were divided into 7 types,type I,type II,type III,type I + II,type II + III,type II + III + IV,type I + II + III,type I + II + III + IV.Surgical treatment was performed mainly with curettage of bone lesions,bone grafting and fixation.Internal fixation included DHS,intramedullary nails,and artificial joint replacement,DHS was most common in area II involvement(57.58%),followed by area III involvement(24.24%).Intramedullary nail was most common in area I involvement(64.70%) and area II involvement(35.30%).For lesions involving ≥3 zones,joint replacement was carried out.The patients were all followed up,with a median time of 6.3 years(0.5-11 years).Local recurrence rate was12.82%(5 / 39),local deformity was not found deterious.The followed up results were satisfactory.The selected treatment was reasonable.[Conclusion]When making a surgical treatment regimen for fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur,Surgeons should consider lesion characteristics,and choose a reasonable internal fixation to achieve better surgical results.Partition method proposed in this paper can be formulated as one of preoperative surgical treatment options.


In order to conserve energy for the 21st Century it is important that air conditioning systems are not 'over designed'. With this in mind, a study has been conducted in Malaysia to check that the current recommended inside design conditions, which were probably drawn up to satisfy the comfort needs of Americans and Europeans, correspond with the expectations of the average native Malaysians. This study of Malaysian thermal comfort has been conducted in 11 Malaysian air conditioned offices with over500 workers questioned. The data has been analysed on the ASHRAE scale and other rating scales, comparing it to the measured air temperature and other indoor environmental parameters. Results indicate that the neutral air temperature for the whole sample is 24.6°C which compares well with the figures found in other studies of air-conditioned environments in tropical climates. The results are compared with the current recommended design values as given in the C1BSE Guide, ASHRAE Guide etc.


Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of CC Chemokines, including RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), monocyte chemoattracctant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattracctant protein-3 (MCP-3) and macrophage inhibitory protein 1α (MIP-1α), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with chronic urticaria, their mutual correlation, and the relationship between the expression level of CC chemokines and the serum level of IgE and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the patients. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to semiquantitatively analyze the mRNA expression of RANTES, MCP-1, MCP-3 and MIP-1α in PBMCs from 31 patients with chronic urticaria and 22 healthy subjects. Results The mRNA expression of RANTES, MCP-1, MCP-3 and MIP-1αwas significantly higher in the patients than those in the normal controls (P 0.001). There was a positive correlation (P 0.05) between the mRNA expression of RANTES and that of MCP-1, MCP-3 and MIP-1α in the patients; the mRNA expression of MCP-1 positively correlated (P 0.01) with that of MIP-1α, while there was no correlation between the mRNA expression of MCP-1 and MCP-3, or between that of MCP-3 and MIP-1α(P 0.05). In the patients, the mRNA expression of RANTES negatively correlated with the serum level of IgE and ECP (P 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that the up-regulation of the mRNA expression of RANTES, MCP-1, MCP-3 and MIP-1α might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria.


Opeka Castle in Varaždin County is a quintessential example of late Renaissance style
 building, which has throughout its history been owned by some of the most prominent
 Croatian nobility like the Keglevic and Draskovic families. In its glory days the Croatian elite
 gathered there, mostly in the time of Count Marko Bombelles, who was the president of the
 Croatian motorist club and often organized their meetings. After the Second World War the
 castle was used as a hunting residence of Josip Broz Tito. Today the castle is in poor
 condition and is left to decay. The author of this paper described and elaborated a project for
 the reconstruction and redevelopment of the castle into an exclusive hotel of the heritage
 category. In the first chapter the author elaborated the significance of cultural heritage, as well
 as classification and categorization of objects of cultural heritage in Croatia. In the second
 chapter a reference is made to the Croatian castles, focusing on examples of good practice in
 the Croatian Zagorje, where some castles are renovated and used for the purpose of promoting
 tourism. The third chapter describes the history of the castle Bombelles, which is the central
 theme of this bachelor thesis. In subsequent chapters, the author has developed a marketing
 strategy for a heritage hotel and restaurant that would be located in the castle after the
 restoration, and described in detail the marketing mix and market segmentation. In the final
 part, it is concluded that, despite the large number of castles presenting significant potential
 for the development of cultural tourism, Croatian Zagorje has not developed enough in this
 direction. The reconstruction and conversion of castle Opeka could be the first step.


The study analyzed the profitability of raphia palm wine production in rural villages of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This study was based on primary data obtained between April and June 2012 from a random sampling of 100 raphia palm-wine tappers and analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios and regression analysis. The results showed that palm wine tapping is an occupation mainly for the male folks with majority (52%) having no formal education. Labor (51%) and additive cost (44%) constituted the highest proportion of the total cost of production. The former suggests that raphia wine production is labor intensive. The average net income of the raphia palm wine enterprise was N 223,244.90, while the average total cost of production was N 65,771.11. The profitability index (0.77), rate of returns on investments (339.42), rate of returns on variable cost (455.96) and operating ratio (0.217) suggest that raphia palm wine production is profitable in the study area. The multiple regression analysis showed that tapping experience and additive cost positively and significantly influenced the quantity of wine produced. Lack of improved raphia palm variety and lack of access to credit facilities were identified as major constraints to raphia wine production in the study area. These observations underscore the need for the provision of improved varieties of raphia palm seedlings and credit facilities to the raphia palm wine tappers as incentives. Younger people should be encouraged into tapping palm-wine in the study area.


as adventitious roots that develop from the SCI. Sub A detailed description of grass seedling root morphology is es-coleptile sential to understand the differences in the establishment process among grasses. A repeated greenhouse Shrdy using a 1:l mixture of Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic giudolls) and coarse sand was conducted to determine root mor- phology differences at the third-leaf stage among nine cool-season forage grasses, creeping foxtail (A~O~~CUWS arundinaeeous Poir., reed canarygrass, (Phalaris arundinacea L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass grass ( ~ a e ~ i s glomerata L.), russian wildrye (El~musjunceus Fish.), crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.], intermediate wheatgrass [A. intermedium (Host) Beauv.], and western wheatgrass (A. smithii Rydb.); and nine warm-season forage grasses, sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], blue grama [B. gra-often cilis (H.B.K.) stage On species of all tribes except for Andropogoneae members. Most grasses were in a juvenile period of root growth at third leaf emergence. Stage of root development did not coincide with seed-stage of shoot development among species.


The complexes (Li(THF)4)(Ln[(R)-C20H12N2(C10H22)]2) (Ln = Sm, Yb) have been synthesized, fully characterized and found to be efficient and enantioselective catalysts for intramolecular hydroamination of 1-(aminomethyl)-1-allylcyclohexane.


Abstract Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat β -glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat β -glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2 MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5–6 g or 8–9 g β -glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, TAG and leptin), together with markers of appetite regulation (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and PYY3-36) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. After 3 months, all groups lost weight (P < 0·001) and showed a reduced waist circumference (P < 0·001). The study sample also showed reductions in TC, LDL, HDL, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 values (all P < 0·001) and an increase in CCK levels (P < 0·001). No significant differences were noted between the groups for all outcome values except PYY levels (P = 0·018). In broad terms, the addition of oat β -glucan did not enhance the effect of energy restriction on weight loss in mildly overweight women, although wide variations in observed results suggests that individual responsiveness may be an issue. Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat b -glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat b -glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5–6g or 8–9g b -glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, TAG and leptin), together with markers of appetite regulation (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and PYY 3-36 ) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. After 3 months, all groups lost weight ( P , 0·001) and showed a reduced waist circumference ( P , 0·001). The study sample also showed reductions in TC, LDL, HDL, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 values (all P , 0·001) and an increase in CCK levels ( P , 0·001). No significant differences were noted between the groups for all outcome values except PYY levels ( P ¼ 0·018). In broad terms, the addition of oat b -glucan did not enhance the effect of energy restriction on weight loss in mildly overweight women, although wide variations in observed results suggests that individual responsiveness may be an issue.


This research paper attempts to examine product related important issues in the fast growing electronic commerce based business environment and its relationship with consumer online buying decisions. Product related issues will cover huge product assortment offered by E-tail companies along with option of branded products which are not available at every traditional retail stores in marketplace. Quality of product offered by e-tailors and their relationship with consumer online buying will also be a dimension to be assessed in this research paper. This will further include good packing of product to ensure delivery of ordered product in same state as expected by the buyer. Detailed specification of the offered product which helps in easy comparison of product with other similar category products will also be examined under the issues related to product. All above mentioned product related factors will be assessed for their relationship with consumer online buying decision. All these factors will be individually and jointly assessed towards consumer online buying decision with the help of primary data collected for the respective purpose.


New dinuclear lanthanide pivalate complexes [Tb2(piv)6(Hpiv)6], [Tb2(piv)6(bpy)2], [Tb2(piv)6(phen)2], [Tb2(piv)6(bath)2]·1.5EtOH, and [Eu2(piv)6(bath)2]·2EtOH, as well as the coordination polymer {Tb(piv)3}n, in which piv = (CH3)3CCO2–, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bath = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and EtOH = ethanol, were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. For the terbium complexes, the magnetic properties and the solid-state thermolysis were investigated. The phase composition of the solid decomposition products was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The photophysical properties of these complexes were analyzed by luminescence, excitation, and phosphorescence spectroscopy, and by lifetime measurements. A comparison of the photophysical data for bpy, phen, and bath complexes shows that the supramolecular organization affects the efficiency of the sensitization of Ln3+ luminescence. All the results obtained provide good prospects for the use of dinuclear lanthanide pivalate complexes as efficient light-conversion molecular devices (LCMD).


The analysis of the accumulated long-term experience in the construction and operation of high-rise buildings reveals not only the engineering specificity of such projects, but also systemic problems in the field of project management. Most of the project decisions are made by the developer and the investor in the early stages of the life cycle - from the acquisition of the site to the start of operation, so most of the participants in the construction and operation of the high-rise building are far from the strategic life-cycle management of the project. The solution of these tasks due to the informatization of management has largely exhausted its efficiency resource. This is due to the fact that the applied IT-systems automated traditional "inherited" processes and management structures, and, in addition, they were focused on informatization of the activities of the construction company, rather than the construction project. Therefore, in the development of high-rise buildings, the tasks of researching approaches and methods for managing the full life cycle of projects that will improve their competitiveness become topical. For this purpose, the article substantiates the most promising approaches and methods of informational modeling of high-rise construction as a basis for managing the full life cycle of this project. Reengineering of information interaction schemes for project participants is considered; formation of a unified digital environment for the life cycle of the project; the development of systems for integrating data management and project management.


Remained austenite always exists in quenching structure of carbonizing parts.The influence of remained austenite amount in 4205Z36A-029 shaft gears carbonizing and quenching quality was studied,methods of controlling remained austenite amount and improving the quality were discussed in this paper.


A new defined parameter, tuning efficiency (TE), is proposed to evaluate the tuning performance of distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD). The TE is defined as the ratio of output wavelength response to power response of DFB-LDs when working in a current driving mode. Simulations and experiments are performed to study its influence on harmonic signal, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and residual amplitude modulation (RAM) effect in wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). It is the first time to be found that the parameter TE would change as driving frequency of DFB-LD getting changed; in addition, different DFB-LDs result in changes in TE. A WMS-based water vapor sensing system is constructed to discuss the TE's influence on gas detection applications, and the experimental results show highly consistent with the simulations. In conclusion, the TE is a robust parameter guiding us to choose favorable DFB-LDs for gas sensing applications.


Ultra-flexible egg albumen protein paper with a permittivity of 15–21, which is an improvement of nearly 300% compared with native egg albumen, and the protein-based memristor arrays and photoelectric logic gates are developed.


This study investigates what Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means to Vietnam's smalland medium-size enterprise (SME) owners and workers, using Scott's three-pillar (norms, regulation, cognition) institutional framework. The findings are based on factory visits and interviews with 40 managers/owners and 218 workers conducted in two sectors textile/garment/footwear (TGF) and food/beverage processing (FBP) around Ho Chi Minh City in 2011. Scott's framework is useful in highlighting similarities and differences between these two sectors. We found more stringent state regulation and greater industry pressure on the quality and safety of products than on labour standards in both sectors. Most factories in the TGF sector assembled for the global supply chains and are under pressure by industry norms, while most companies in the FBP sector produced for the domestic market are subjected to greater state regulation. Moreover, contributing critical perspectives to Scott's framework, we found an overlapping between the normative and the regulatory, and between the cognitive and the industry norm, which reveals how institutional and cultural pressures contribute to different outcomes in TGF and FBP sectors. We also contribute to Scott's framework by analyzing the unequal power relations in the global supply chains and explain how different levels of linkage to the global systems explain different outcomes in FBP and TGF sectors. FBP workers in domestic-serving factories negotiated for job stability, whereas workers in the export-oriented TGF factories bargained for flexible work schedules in exchange for wages below the living wage and overtime work.


Recent findings report that both mean grain size and dispersion should be used to design nanomaterials with desired mechanical properties. Grain size deals with "equivalent radius" that assumes that grains are spherical. But two grains of the same size might be different shapewise, and hence, may impart different mechanical effects on neighbouring grains. Consequently some nanomaterials having same mean grain size and same dispersion have different properties. This paper proposes an approach to predict or design nanomaterials mechanical properties from observed features on their grains. Grain growth effect the change from one state to another. The model is tested with data from nano-Aluminium. Relationships between statistics of microscope-observed (cumulative) number of faces on grains, density of grains in nanomaterials and mechanical properties are "similar" to Hall-Petch-to-Reverse-Petch relations. Further refinement with grain density constant may lead to no/retarded RHPR.


This workshop addressed issues of discipline and style in number theory, algebra, geometry, topology, analysis, and mathematical physics. Most speakers presented case studies, but some offered global surveys of how stylistic shifts informed the transition and transformation of special research fields. Older traditions in established research communities were considered alongside newer trends, including changing views regarding the role of proof. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A55, 01A60, 01A72, 01A74, 01A80, 01A85. Introduction by the Organisers This interdisciplinary workshop brought together mathematicians, historians, and philosophers to discuss a theme of general interest for understanding developments in mathematics over a span of two hundred years. The emergence and development of various disciplines in pure mathematics after 1800 has now been studied in a number of special contexts, some of which played an important role in shaping the character of modern research traditions. It has long been understood that the period after 1800 saw a kind of emancipation of mathematical research from related work in nearby fields, especially astronomy and physics. This general trend not only led to a proliferation of special disciplines and wholly new fields of knowledge, it also went hand in hand with a variety of innovative styles, new ways of doing and presenting mathematics. Issues of style have long been central for historians of art and literature, but such matters have seldom been addressed in the historical literature on mathematics, despite the fact that mathematicians themselves have often been acutely aware of the importance of creative styles. During the last 582 Oberwolfach Report 12/2010 few decades, however, there has been a growing interest in various shifts within the larger disciplinary matrix of mathematics during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This workshop therefore aimed to shed new light on these complex processes by considering ways in which issues of style–operating on the individual, communal, and national levels–shaped and guided research activities in important fields. Approximately half of the program dealt directly with mainstream fields in pure mathematics, addressing issues of discipline and style in number theory, algebra, geometry, topology, and analysis. A session on mathematical physics helped to round out this picture by looking across the usual disciplinary boundaries. Most of the speakers focused on subtler shifts in style and substance relevant to their special theme, but a few offered more global surveys of how stylistic shifts informed the transition and transformation of special research fields. Older traditions in established research communities were considered alongside newer trends, including changing views regarding the role of proof. The role of journals as a medium of communication, but also for staking out priority claims and molding disciplines, received considerable attention. Several speakers also dealt with problematic issues connected with the use and abuse of stylistic issues to promote special agendas. As a whole, this workshop broke significant new ground by showing through a rich variety of examples how stylistic and disciplinary factors affected major developments in mathematics over the last two centuries. Disciplines and Styles in Pure Mathematics, 1800-2000 583 Workshop: Disciplines and Styles in Pure Mathematics, 18002000


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how consumption linked with life transitions can differ in its potential to bring about ongoing liminality. By examining how consumers can draw on overlapping systems of resources, different ways in which consumers negotiate ongoing liminality following the transition to motherhood are identified.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted an interpretive, exploratory study using in-depth phenomenological interviews with 23 South Asian mothers living in the UK. The sample consisted of mothers at different stages of motherhood.

Findings
Following life transitions, consumers may encounter liminal hotspots at the intersection of overlapping systems of resources. The findings examine two liminal hotspots with differing potential to produce ongoing liminality. The study shows how consumers navigate these liminal hotspots in different ways, by accepting, rejecting and amalgamating the resources at hand.

Research limitations/implications
The research sample could have been more diverse; future research could examine liminal hotspots relating to different minority groups and life transitions.

Practical implications
Marketers need to examine the different ways in which consumers draw on different systems of resources following life transitions. The paper includes implications for how marketers segment, target and market to ethnic minority consumers.

Originality/value
Due to increasingly fluid social conditions, there are likely to be growing numbers of consumers who experience ongoing liminality following life transitions. A preliminary framework is presented outlining different ways that consumers negotiate ongoing liminality by drawing on overlapping systems of resources, broadening the understanding of the role that marketplace resources play beyond life transitions.


Integrated supply chain management is a current practice in the search for overall cost minimization. The Vendor Management Inventory is one of those practices, in which the supplier is responsible for managing the inventory of the customers in accordance with pre-determined management policies. The problem that considers transportation decisions in addition to inventory management is referred to as the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). The IRP considers a system with one supplier that manages the inventory level of a set of customers and defines when and how much products to supply and how to combine customers in routes while minimizing storage and transportation costs. We present an extension of this problem that considers a two-echelon system with indirect deliveries and route decisions at both levels. In this variant, the customers demands have to be met by deliveries through distribution centers with minimum total cost. We propose two mathematical formulations for the two-echelon IRP under different inventory policies. Computational experiments on a set of randomly generated instances evaluate the proposed formulations. The obtained results show that both formulations are able to solve to the proven optimality small-scale instances and one of the models found feasible solutions for almost all instances under the considered inventory policies.


In this paper, I will show and describe a method of integrating infrared images with a 3D model of the front of an excavation in the longwall type of workings. I will also test the created 3D model for its potential usefulness in geological prospecting, used for looking for changes in geological layout at the front of the excavation. Geological information on the amount of coal in the front is important for the economic side of the excavation. The mine does not want to take out waste rock, but mostly for the safety of operations. The longwall shearers and plows are not designed for excavation in extremely changeable conditions, so if too much shale appears, this might change the speed and economic results of excavation. In addition, if a fold appears, this can destroy the excavating complex. Currently, the geological survey requires a geologist to get to the front, often to the unsupported roof part of the wall, clean the front and sample, and measure the geology. This is dangerous for the geologist. Thus, remote, infrared measurements would improve the safety of the staff and allow the survey to be taken in more places along the longwall. In this paper, I will also propose how such a system could be implemented and what the limitations are.


Bertrand Brasnett, Donald MacKinnon, and John Riches were Scottish Episcopalians who responded to the twentieth-century world with innovative theology. Between the two World Wars, the passibilist theologian Brasnett explored the eternal suffering of God in Christ and its meaning for humanity. Then MacKinnon wrestled with the reality of evil and the scope of the Church's truthful response. Later in the century, Riches demonstrated the creative power of Scripture, as communities found their identity in an interpretative conversation with the text. Their theologies are realist, contextual, and have at their core the kenotic Christ. All three theologians were connected in some way with Hans Urs von Balthasar. They wrote in an authentically Anglican but not overtly denominational way.


Abstract : This report is essentially tutorial in nature. Formulas, based on the small obstacle and small aperture approximation, are derived for the equivalent network and scattering parameters for arbitrary discontinuities in single-mode uniform cylindrical waveguide. A few examples are presented in order to illustrate the simplicity of this method.


This paper thoroughly studies a control system with control allocation for a manned submersible in deep sea being developed in China.The proposed control system consists of a neural-network-based direct adaptive controller and a dynamic control allocation module.A control energy cost function is used as the optimization criteria of the control allocation module,and weighted pseudo-inverse is used to find the solution of the control allocation problem.In the presence of bounded unknown disturbance and neural networks approximation error,stability of the closed-loop control system of manned submersible is proved with Lyaponov theory.The feasibility and validity of the proposed control system is further verified through experiments conducted on a semi-physical simulation platform for the manned submersible in deep sea.


In this paper, the model-based real-time optimization (RTO) is viewed as a kind of nonlinear parametric optimization problem which is solved repeatedly when parameter values change. A novel RTO strategy—mnemonic enhancement optimization (MEO)—is proposed. The method preserves the past optimal solutions and corresponding parameter values as experience and approximates the optimum based on the experience. The approximation is used by the optimization algorithm as a starting point to find the real optimum. The optimum is proved to be a continuous function of the parameter. This ensures that the distance between the optimum and the initial point tends to decrease as RTO continues to run. Thus MEO can improve the performance of RTO continually. Numerical experiments illustrate the continuity of the optimal set mapping, and the MEO method is compared with the traditional method. The results show that MEO outperforms the traditional method concerning the solution time, the number of iterations, and the percentag...


During financial crises, investors demand large amounts of government-backed assets. What constitutes an orderly flight-to-liquidity? Studying how suppliers of government-backed safe assets respond to heightened demand during a crisis is challenging due to a multitude of confounding factors. In contrast, the 2014 money fund reform prompted a flight-to-liquidity in otherwise calm market conditions, with $1 trillion flowing from prime to government funds. Using this regulatory change together with fund-level and security-level data, we show the vital role of a flexible provider of safe assets. The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) supplied government funds with large quantities of safe assets when the supply of Treasuries was sluggish to respond. Moreover, the flexible mix of FHLBs' supply of safe assets was crucial for government funds' risk management. FHLB debt was not only a substitute for Treasuries but also a complement.


Malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the three most common types of skin cancer. Malignant melanoma commonly arises from melanocytes in the epidermis and is the most lethal of skin cancers. BCC arises from keratinocytes and is the commonest cancer. There is considerable debate as to whether BCC arises from hair follicle keratinocytes and also because of the association of BCC with mutations that activate the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, whether BCC may reflect failed organogenesis. SCC also arises from keratinocytes and is a more aggressive tumour than BCC and can form lethal metastases, whereas BCC rarely metastasize. All three skin cancers lend themselves to both in vivo and in vitro models and these are discussed in this chapter.

Keywords:

basal cell carcinoma;
squamous cell carcinoma;
malignant melanoma;
melanocyte;
keratinocyte;
tumour promoter;
initiation;
transgenic;
ultraviolet


The fourth update of the guidelines regarding the determination of the irreversible loss of total function of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem came into effect on 7/6/ 2015 [1]. In compliancewith the legal mandate according to §16 Para. 1 Pg. 1 No. 1 of the Transplantation Act, these guidelines define the current state of medical science regarding the rules for determining death according to §3 Para. 1 Pg. 1 No. 2 of the Transplantation Act and the rules for determining the irreversible loss of total function of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem according to §3 Para. 2 No. 2 of the Transplantation Act including the required qualifications of physicians. They replace the guidelines from 1998 [2]. Written statements from different professional associations including the German Society of Neuroradiology (DGNR) and the German Society for Nuclear Medicine (DGN) were taken into consideration. A clear change is the replacement of the previously used term "brain death" with the more precise term "irreversible loss of brain function". An irreversible loss of brain function is usually the result of the cessation of cerebral blood circulation. If the cessation of cerebral blood circulation is detected, potentially reversible causes of clinical symptoms of loss of brain function are excluded. Therefore, the irreversibility of a loss of brain function can be determined without a wait time and followup clinical examinations. Methods such as Doppler/duplex ultrasound, perfusion scintigraphy, and CT angiography are used for this Abstract !


Alien invasive species are a threat to functioning and structure of ecosystems in the world. They affect provision of goods and services of ecosystems and have also ecological and socio-economic impacts on local communities. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine how the local community in Salabani Location, are coping with the invasion of Prosopis juliflora . Results indicate that the local community utilizes the plant for charcoal production, sale posts, poles, and pods to improve their livelihoods. The tree is the main source of firewood. It is also used as fence against wild animals, poachers and cattle rustlers. 49% burn the trees, 28% uproot, 22% prune and 7% thin. No chemical or biological control is used. Cut stems are scourged using cow dung as source of fuel which burns for a long time hence effective. The Government formed five Farmers Field Schools to train and build capacity of the local people. The locals wear special sandals made from old vehicle tyres called 'kinyira' to protect them against the tough Prosopis thorns. They have formed cooperative societies to help sale their charcoal to avoid exploitation by middlemen. The introduction of bruchid beetle was put on hold as animal feed manufacturers test the viability of using pods instead of wheat bran. However, the Kenya government should release the beetles to help control spread of the tree as locals enhance and diversify utilization of Prosopis. Keywords: Coping mechanism, Prosopis juliflora , weed control


Impinging compressible jets may cause deafness and material fatigue due to immensely loud tonal noise. It is generally accepted that a feedback mechanism similar to the screech feedback loop is responsible for impinging tones. The close of the loop remained unclear. One hypothesis hold up in the literature explains the emanated sound with the direct interaction of vortices and the wall. Other explanations name the standoff shock oscillations as the origin of the tones. Using direct numerical simulations (DNS) we were able to identify the source mechanism for under-expanded impinging jets with a nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 2.15 and a plate distance of 5 diameters. We found two different types of interactions between vortices and shocks to be responsible for the generation of the impinging tones. They are not related to screech.


Background: d-Ala:d-Lac and d-Ala:d-Ser ligases are key enzymes in vancomycin resistance. Results: The VanG d-Ala:d-Ser ligase structure provided insight into its molecular specificity and allowed the selection of a specific peptide inhibitor. Conclusion: d-Ala:d-Lac and d-Ala:d-Ser ligases share specific determinants. Significance: This study sheds light on the molecular specificity and evolution of d-Ala:d-X ligases and could help in designing inhibitors to overcome vancomycin resistance. d-Alanyl:d-lactate (d-Ala:d-Lac) and d-alanyl:d-serine ligases are key enzymes in vancomycin resistance of Gram-positive cocci. They catalyze a critical step in the synthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors that are low binding affinity targets for vancomycin. The structure of the d-Ala:d-Lac ligase VanA led to the understanding of the molecular basis for its specificity, but that of d-Ala:d-Ser ligases had not been determined. We have investigated the enzymatic kinetics of the d-Ala:d-Ser ligase VanG from Enterococcus faecalis and solved its crystal structure in complex with ADP. The overall structure of VanG is similar to that of VanA but has significant differences mainly in the N-terminal and central domains. Based on reported mutagenesis data and comparison of the VanG and VanA structures, we show that residues Asp-243, Phe-252, and Arg-324 are molecular determinants for d-Ser selectivity. These residues are conserved in both enzymes and explain why VanA also displays d-Ala:d-Ser ligase activity, albeit with low catalytic efficiency in comparison with VanG. These observations suggest that d-Ala:d-Lac and d-Ala:d-Ser enzymes have evolved from a common ancestral d-Ala:d-X ligase. The crystal structure of VanG showed an unusual interaction between two dimers involving residues of the omega loop that are deeply anchored in the active site. We constructed an octapeptide mimicking the omega loop and found that it selectively inhibits VanG and VanA but not Staphylococcus aureus d-Ala:d-Ala ligase. This study provides additional insight into the molecular evolution of d-Ala:d-X ligases and could contribute to the development of new structure-based inhibitors of vancomycin resistance enzymes.


BACKGROUND: Recent research efforts on bariatric surgery have focused on metabolic and diabetes mellitus resolution. Randomized trials designed to assess the impact of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and hypertension are needed. METHODS: In this randomized, single-center, nonblinded trial, we included patients with hypertension (using ≥ 2 medications at maximum doses or >2 at moderate doses) and a body mass index between 30.0 and 39.9 kg/m 2 . Patients were randomized to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass plus medical therapy or medical therapy alone. The primary end point was reduction of ≥ 30% of the total number of antihypertensive medications while maintaining systolic and diastolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, respectively, at 12 months. RESULTS: We included 100 patients (70% female, mean age 43.8±9.2 years, mean body mass index 36.9±2.7 kg/m2), and 96% completed follow-up. control P Eleven patients (22.4%) from the gastric bypass group and none in the control group were able to achieve SPRINT levels without antihypertensives. Waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and 10-year Framingham risk score were lower in the gastric bypass than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery represents an effective strategy for blood pressure control in a broad population of patients with obesity and hypertension. Data 10-year Framingham risk score, basal at baseline, and duration of hypertension using Poisson regression model with robust variance. In all cases, results are presented as rate ratios and 95% CIs. The significance level for the primary end point was 0.05. For all other end points, the significance level was 0.05 without adjustment for multiple comparisons. Because of this, all secondary end points and analyses should be interpreted as exploratory. Analyses were performed using R software, version 3.3.3 (R for Statistical Computing).


Corrosion of biomaterials used in dentistry is the process of altering or destroying such materials in interaction with the oral environment [10]. Generally, all dental materials are subjected to the aggressiveness in the oral environment, in a certain period of time, longer or shorter, they shall chemically degrade. The term degradation of biomaterials in a biological environment combines metallic biomaterials corrosion or damage of ceramic and polymeric biomaterials with the host tissue reaction [11].


The paper reported two correlational studies. The aim of the Study 1 was to examine the hypothesis that age moderates the relationship between need for closure (NFC) and cognitive structuring. Results of the study revealed that aging with increased need for closure was associated with better recognition of irrelevant information than schema-relevant items, in testing hypotheses about the target person. These findings are interpreted as demonstrating the age-associated failure of cognitive abilities (i.e., low efficacy at fulfilling the need for closure), reducing tendency to behave according to the level of epistemic motivation. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that older participants are characterized by higher NFC but by lower EFNC than young participants. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the negative relationships between NFC and cognitive structuring demonstrated by the older participants in Study 1 can be attributed to their lower level of EFNC.


This paper proposes a visual servo hexapod robot control design, where the hexapod robot is shown in Fig. 1 in which the body is equipped with embedded systems, servo controllers, eighteen DC servos, and one CCD.


When N < M, then Mx — Ir> 0, and the ;th diagonal element tnu > 1 for i = 1,...,r. But M = M and so mu = ml + £/*/ mfj > ml, and hence 0 < mri < 1. Thus, mu = 1 and m,j = 0 for all j * i and so M, = Ir. Because M N > 0, it follows that M2 = 0, and hence MN = N. To go the other way, we see at once that MN = N implies Mt = Ir and M2 = 0, and hence N < M. This result can easily be extended to two complex Hermitian idempotent matrices M and N.


The article is devoted to the description of the markers that determine the effectiveness of competent andon-fire mid-level specialist training. Their allocation is justified by the results of a three step monitoring study, associated with the identification of effective educational technologies and pedagogical teaching practices in secondary vocational educational institutions and the assessment of the process of integrating the resources of the regional vocational education system.


The usefulness of antidepressants in patients with mild or moderate depression has been questioned and therefore Thase et al [1][1] re-analysed randomised controlled trial (RCT) data for escitalopram. They calculated that a subgroup of patients (14%) with mild or moderate depression did respond to


For airborne GPS systems,the influence of the residuals of tropospheric and ionospheric delay on positioning accuracy increases with the increase of difference in distance and altitude between the reference station and the remote station after the aircraft takes off.This paper uses Kalman filter and LAMBDA(Least Square Ambiguity Decorrection Adjustment) algorithm to fix cycle ambiguity under short baseline conditions and hold the state thereafter.Based on this,the influence of parameter estimation of the residuals of tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay on positioning accuracy is studied.Experiment results show that,in short baseline conditions,the positioning accuracy worsens when the residuals of the ionospheric delay are estimated and the altitude error is smaller than 10 cm.In the medium baseline conditions,the residuals of the carrier phase decrease when the residuals of the ionospheric delay are estimated.The positioning accuracy is improved and consistent with the accuracy of ionosphere-free linear combination positioning.When there exist no low elevation satellites in the field of view,the estimation of the residuals of the tropospheric delay will worsen the positioning accuracy.


The latest techniques for realization of an outage-free digital microwave radio (DMR) are presented. Three major techniques, trellis-coded 256 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) modulation, super multicarrier transmission, and microwave signal processing (MSP), are described. The BER (bit error rate) and signature characteristics of the trellis-coded 256 QAM system are simulated, and its validity as a fading countermeasure is indicated. The Viterbi-decoder LSI and effect of phase error on the TCM modem are also presented. An experiment using a 4, 8, 40-carrier 256 QAM modem showed an overall outage improvement factor of nearly 500 times due to a 40-carrier system. Lastly, the microwave signal processing technique, including IF stage (carrier) signals for DMR systems, is presented. An all-digital 256 QAM modulator was constructed and showed superior performance with no adjustment.<<ETX>>


Although there are no easy solutions to the problem of student misbehavior, effective programs do exist. One such program, in operation in a Massa chusetts junior high school, is described below.


After the fall of the Northern Song (960–1127) capital of Kaifeng to Jurchen invaders in 1127, diasporic literati of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) recreated and revisited its lost sites through textual commemoration, especially in memorabilia literature (biji , lit. 'brush notes'). As knowledge of the city passed from communicative memory into cultural memory, its decline and destruction became the focus of nostalgia and indignation for Yue Ke (1183–1234), the author of the Pillar Histories (Ting shi ), a collection of counter-narratives of Northern Song history that expressed the shared experience of social trauma induced by dynastic collapse. Disconnected from their spatial context and even from historical fact, the city's memory sites became stages for amoralistic declension narrative, in which the city's destruction and occupation was assumed to have been instigated by the decadence of the imperial court of the passive Emperor Huizong (r. 1100–26) and his 'nefarious ministers'. The most colourful elements of Yue's ludic and fantastical narratives became the focus of his indignation, which encouraged his readers to denounce the traitors who had betrayed the empire by inviting the Jurchen invasion. In the Pillar Histories, Yue deployed textual imaginaries of nostalgia as forms of resistance by re-contesting the past events that led to dynastic collapse. By reconstructing the city in the cultural memory of his fellow diasporic literati, Yue was creating a vision of an ideal political, cultural and moral community that once existed at the dynasty's inception, and might be reconstituted in the future, if and when Song subjects recaptured their lost homeland.