Abstract 1390 Poster Board I-412 Purpose: To determine whether fluconazole prophylaxis was effective in decreasing the need for parenteral empiric antifungal therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and persistent febrile neutropenia or suspected fungal infection at our center. Background: Prophylaxis with fluconazole in patients with severe chemotherapy-related neutropenia has been found to be beneficial in decreasing the need for parenteral antifungal therapy, and preventing superficial and invasive fungal infections and fungal infection-related mortality (Bow et al., Cancer 2002;94:3230-3246). Methods: The records of all patients at our hospital who presented with AML from January 1999 to July 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. As of September 2005 we adopted an institutional antifungal policy consisting of routine antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole followed by amphotericin B as the first line parenteral agent in the event of persistent fever despite broad spectrum antibiotics or suspected fungal infection. The policy included criteria for switching from amphotericin B to a second line agent (caspofungin) for continued empiric therapy or another agent depending on clinical or laboratory data or suspicion of a particular pathogen. Explicit criteria were also developed for switching to a second line agent including baseline renal function or change in renal function while receiving amphotericin B or other adverse effects such as significant infusion reactions or electrolyte disturbances. Fluconazole was given at a dose of 400 mg daily starting with induction chemotherapy and continued until blood count recovery or switch to parenteral antifungal agent. Results: We identified a total of 170 patients with a median age of 61 years (range 18-89 years), 53 % were female and the median follow-up time was 187 days (range 2-2549 days). Baseline cytogenetics grouped patients into poor risk (40%), standard risk (39%) and favorable risk (10%) categories, with 11% unknown or inconclusive. Two-thirds of patients had de-novo AML. Twenty-four percent of patients did not receive induction chemotherapy and were treated with best supportive care, leaving 130 patients who received induction chemotherapy. Overall median survival for chemotherapy treated patients was 409 days, compared with 44 days for patients treated with best supportive care. The majority of patients (77%) who received chemotherapy were treated with standard induction consisting of 3 days of an anthracycline and 7-10 days of continuous infusion cytarabine. Of the patients treated with induction chemotherapy, 65% received prophylaxis with fluconazole and 32% did not, the remainder received prophylaxis with other antifungal agents. The use of prophylactic fluconazole coincided with implementation of our antifungal policy. Of patients who were treated with fluconazole prophylaxis, 62% required parenteral antifungal therapy and 38% did not. Of patients who did not receive fluconazole prophylaxis 56% required parenteral antifungals and 44% did not. These differences relating to receiving fluconazole prophylaxis were not statistically significantly different. For those patients requiring empiric antifungal therapy, they received a median of 18 days of fluconazole (range 3-156 days). Of the 56 patients who were treated with amphotericin B as empiric therapy, 59% were changed to another agent due to renal effects (42%), fever (27%) or other adverse effects (21%). Switching off amphotericin B occurred after a median of 7.5 days (range 0-59 days). Fifty-six percent of patients received caspofungin as the second line agent while the policy was in effect. Conclusion: Based on our retrospective analysis of the practical use of antifungal prophylaxis within our institutional antifungal policy, fluconazole prophylaxis did not decrease the need for empiric parenteral antifungal therapy. The majority of patients treated with empiric amphotericin B were switched to a second line agent, mostly due to intolerance or adverse effects. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract We show that the n-th Nash blowup of the toric surface singularity of type A3 is singular for any . It has been known that the normalization of the n-th Nash blowup of an affine normal toric variety is the toric variety associated to the Gröbner fan of a certain ideal. In our case, we prove that the Gröbner fan contains a certain non-regular cone for any . Thus we conclude that the normalizations are singular, and so are the Nash blowups.


Occlusion plethysmographic recordings were obtained on 26 subjects prior to and immediately following repeated venous occlusions. A simple method of approximating the curve shape by 2 straight lines is described. The results indicate that, following an initial occlusion, the height of subsequent curves is reduced and the angulation between the 2 lines approximating the curves changes in a way that indicates that the principal mechanism is venous shunting. The degree of shunting was quantified by taking the relative percentage change in shape of the 2 lines approximating the curve, i.e., the percentage shunt. Venous shunting is shown to be much more marked after hand exercise than at rest in normal subjects and in those with heart failure or hypertension.


The article analyses the pioneering character of Griboyedov's comedy Woe From Wit from the point of view of overcoming a traditional rhetorical cliche. The article is focused on the synthesis of genres realizing in the comedy alongside with parodying vaudeville style, existing outside the genre oppositions of traditional poetics


Gold nanoshells, a material generally composed of a core of silica surrounded by a thin shell of gold, are of great interest due to their unique and tunable optical properties. By varying the shell thickness and core size, the absorption and scattering properties are greatly enhanced. The nanoshells can be made to absorb or scatter light at various regions across the electromagnetic spectrum, from visible to the near infrared. The ability to tune the optical properties of nanoshells allows for their potential use in many different areas of research such as optical imaging, tumor ablation, drug delivery, and solar energy conversion. The research in this thesis focused on the synthesis and characterization of two novel gold nanoshell materials containing thermally-responsive, organic-inorganic hybrid layers. One type of material was based on a two-layer particle with a thermally responsive hybrid core of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) copolymerized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS) that was then coated with a thin layer of gold. The second material was a three-layer particle with a silica core, a thermally responsive copolymer of NIPAM and MPS middle layer and an outer shell of gold. Various techniques were used to characterize both materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image the particles and dynamic light scattering


We prove certain rigidity properties of higher-rank abelian product actions of the type \alpha\times \mathop{\rm Id}\nolimits_N:{\mathbb Z}^\kappa\to\operatorname{Diff}(M\times N), where \alpha is (TNS) (i.e. is hyperbolic and has some special structure of its stable distributions). Together with a result about product actions of property (T) groups, this implies the local rigidity of higher-rank lattice actions of the form \alpha\times \mathop{\rm Id}\nolimits_{\mathbb{T}}:\Gamma\to\operatorname{Diff}(M\times\mathbb{T}), provided \alpha has some rigidity properties itself, and contains a (TNS) subaction.


An improved curve plate wheel is presented for the 32″ reverse dish wheel which will reduce the incidences of thermally cracked wheels. The finite element method (FEM) design process, for the first time, employed elastic-plastic methodology and incorporated the residual stress from the manufacturing process. Dynamometer measurements of the thermal and mechanical stresses of the straight plate version of the wheel are compared to FEM thermal and thermal elastic-plastic predictions, for high speed stops. Finite element predictions of the thermal and mechanical stresses for the curve plate wheel are compared to those of the straight plate wheel.


Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most damaging chili diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the pathogenicity of two important pathogens of chili anthracnose disease, C. gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc. and C. capsici E.J. Butler & Bisby, on several chili cultivars in laboratory. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was chili cultivar: Gandewa, Lado, Laris, Pilar, Provost, Bhaskara, and Bara; and the second factor was inoculation method: wounding and non-wounding the fruits. The treated fruits were then incubated in room temperature. Symptom severity was assessed 48 h after the inoculation and every 24 h thereafter for a total of four observations. The results showed that for non-wounding inoculation, all cultivars were highly resistant against C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with no symptom, except Gandewa was moderately susceptible to C. gloeosporioides. However, for the wounding inoculation, all cultivars were infected by both C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with varying severity levels. Lado and Pilar were moderately resistant to C. gloeosporioides. For cultivar reaction against C. capsici, Gandewa, Lado, Laris, and Provost were moderately resistant, and the other cultivars were moderately susceptible.


Objective: To assess the effects of modified sugiura surgical procedure for portal hypertension.Methods: Clinical documents of 47 patients with portal hypertension treated by modified sugiura operation were analyzed retrospectively.Results: There was good effect of modified sugiura surgical procedure for portal hypertension in preventing recent post-operative bleeding,one patient died,the mortality was 2.01%(1/47).The syndrome of esophageal varices disappeared or markedly improved after the operation in the rest patients.Two patients rebleeded,the rebleeding rate was 4.4%(2/47).No hepatic encephalopathy,anastomotic leakage,nor stricture was observed.Conclusion: Modified sugiura operation was an effective treatment for portal hypertension,with relatively more convenient operation and less complications.


Mass of gut lymph nodes of castrated male in age 3 and 6 months and female in age 6 months more, but female in 3 months lost, then in control group of nutria. Absolute mass of gut lymph nodes of female more, then male in age 6 months.


President Donald Trump's decision on December 6, 2017 to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and his directives to transfer the U.S embassy to there, have signaled a sudden shift in the American adopted and declared policy towards the Arab-Israeli conflict. This decision is considered as one of the most dangerous regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. This study examines the attitude of the American administrations towards the city of Jerusalem by monitoring the historical roots and studying their developments, through using the documents issued by American presidents from 1948 to 2017. It also analyses President Trump's motives to move forward in the announcement of this decision. The study has concluded that the US administrations dealt with the issue of Jerusalem from the point of view of management rather than resolution and that the United States of America has deviated from its course and position on the issue of Jerusalem, in accordance with maintaining the strategic interests related to Israel.


The capability of selected Bifidobacterium strains to utilize the resistant starch fraction from native starches of the following origin: wheat, potato, pea, and their preparations, obtained experimentally by physical modification (iterated syneresis), was studied. Bifidobacterium strains were preselected according to their ability to ferment starch. The following strains: B. pseudolongum KSI9, B. animalis KS20a1 and B. breve KN14, were chosen for the next step of the investigation. Native starches (wheat, potato, pea) and their preparations were characterized by different contents of the resistant starch fraction, which was metabolized during in vitro fermentation as a source of carbon and energy for Bifidobacterium growth. A significant decrease in resistant starch content was noted after 24-h fermentation by Bifidobacterium strains for pea and potato starches and their preparations. It indicates that these starches and experimental preparations may be good substrates for Bifidobacterium fermentation in the large intestine. The gelatinization process had a negligible influence on resistant starch metabolism by the strains selected for the experiment.


This paper analyses the investment performance of Australian superannuation funds and their managers over the period from January 1973 to June 1981. The analysis indicated that both the funds and the managers performed poorly over the first two and a half years. It was found that the poor performance during these years outweighed the improved performance in subsequent years, resulting in an overall poor performance over the total period studied. Only one manager displayed a superior investment ability and this appears to be attributable to his ability to adjust the beta of his portfolio to suit market conditions.


Relapse after clinical remission remains a leading cause of cancerassociated death. Although the mechanisms of tumor relapse are complex, the ability of cancer cells to survive physiologic stress is a prerequisite for recurrence. Ewing sarcoma (ES) and neuroblastoma (NB) are aggressive cancers that frequently relapse after initial remission. In addition, both tumors over-express the polycomb group (PcG) proteins BMI-1 and EZH2, which contribute to tumorigenicity. We have discovered that ES and NB resist hypoxic stress-induced death and that survival depends on PcG function. Epigenetic repression of developmental programs is the most well established cancerassociated function of PcG proteins. However, we noted that voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel genes are also targets of PcG regulation in stem cells. Given the role of potassium in regulating apoptosis, we reasoned that repression 1 Ryland KE, Svoboda LK, Vesely ED, McIntyre JC, Zhang L, Martens JR, et al. Polycomb-dependent repression of the potassium channel-encoding gene KCNA5 promotes cancer cell survival under conditions of stress. Oncogene. 2014. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.384. 34 of Kv channel genes might play a role in cancer cell survival. Here, we describe our novel finding that PcG-dependent repression of the Kv1.5 channel gene, KCNA5, contributes to cancer cell survival under conditions of stress. We show that survival of cancer cells in stress is dependent upon suppression of Kv1.5 channel function. The KCNA5 promoter is marked in cancer cells with PcGdependent chromatin repressive modifications that increase in hypoxia. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BMI-1 and EZH2, respectively, restore KCNA5 expression, which sensitizes cells to stress-induced death. In addition, ectopic expression of the Kv1.5 channel induces apoptotic cell death under conditions of hypoxia. These findings identify a novel role for PcG proteins in promoting cancer cell survival via repression of KCNA5. Introduction The ability to resist cell death is a hallmark of cancer (19). Cancer cells are able to survive despite exposure to cell intrinsic (e.g. metabolic and genotoxic) and extrinsic (e.g. hypoxia, nutrient deprivation) stress (19). This ability to survive conditions of stress allows cancer cells to escape physiologic death responses that are induced upon exposure to hostile microenvironments. In rapidly growing solid tumors the cancer outstrips its blood supply, thereby subjecting the cancer cells to a hostile microenvironment that is characterized by oxygen, growth factor and nutrient deprivation (19, 182). Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation exacerbate the hostile local microenvironment by inducing tumor necrosis. Despite exposure to these tremendous stresses, however, solid tumors often


Multiple transmit and receive antennas introduce additional degrees of freedom, which can be used to increase the number of spatial channels between a transmitter-receiver pair. Alternately, the additional degrees of freedom can be used to improve the interference resilience property with the help of linear interference rejection combining (IRC) receivers. Typically, rank adaptation algorithms are aimed at balancing the trade-off between increasing the spatial gain, and improving the interference resilience property. In this paper, we propose an efficient and computationally effective rank adaptation algorithm based on an estimate of the mean signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio (SINR) at an IRC receiver; wherein, we use results from random matrix theory to derive the expression for the mean post-IRC SINR in the presence of interferers with unequal powers. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analysed through system level simulations. The results are found to be comparable to the optimum performance, and match closely to that of a more complex existing rank adaptation method.


The present studies investigated whether the visual co-presentation of a brand name and a product visual increases or decreases the acquisition of liking toward these stimuli in a conditioning paradigm. In Study 1, participants were presented with an elemental brand name, an elemental product visual, or a compound of both stimuli, along with liked faces. Results indicated that the mere pairing with the liked face led to increased liking in the elemental condition, but not in the compound condition (i.e., cue competition). Study 2 showed that this effect is due to the divided attention toward the compound, but not due to competition among conditioned stimuli (CSs) to predict the unconditioned stimulus (US). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Guided by the theory of petroleum system, we analyzed the Lower Palaeozoic hydrocarbon accumulation elements and conditions of the Middle uplift of Southern Yellow Sea Basin and concluded the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern. The results showed that: the source rock of lower Palaeozoic in the Middle uplift of Southern Yellow Sea Basin consists of the dark mudstone and carbonate rock; carbonate rock is the main favorable reservoir followed by clastic rock; there are three source-reservoir-cap assemblages; the source rock of Lower Palaeozoic has experienced two hydrocarbon generation stages which are late Silurian and late Middle Triassic; hydrocarbon generated by Lower Palaeozoic source rock can only migrate to the traps near the center of hydrocarbon generation by sandbody and cracks in a short distance; lithologic trap and broad anticlinal trap are the main types in the study area. Through the above analysis, we conclude two accumulation patterns of Lower Palaeozoic in the Middle uplift of Southern Yellow Sea Basin.


Multiple studies have indicated that place of residence can influence cancer survival; however, few studies have specifically focused on geographic factors and outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate evidence for geographic disparities in cancer diagnosis stage and overall survival in AYAs and to examine whether stage mediated survival associations.


Sustained rhythmic oscillations of electrochemical potential occur spontaneously across a fine-pore membrane doped with glycerol-α-monooleate (monoolein), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) or glycerol trioleate (triolein), separating equimolar solutions of KCl and NaCl : these oscillations occur in the absence of any external stimulus such as voltage, an electrical current, a hydrostatic pressure, or osmotic pressure. As an extention of these phenomena, spontaneous firing was found in a Langmuir-Blodgett film (L-B film) of dioleoyllecithin (DOPC) deposited onto a porous membrane. By comparing temperature dependences of liquid film of triolein and LB film of DOPC, a plan was suggested a construction of molecular assemblies to obtain desired oscillation patterns and pattern stabilities. Furthermore, electrical properties of these membranes (triolein, monoolein and L-B film of DOPC) were discussed by measuring current controlled voltage characteristics. The membrane was found to exhibit the properties of switching and differential negative resistance. In this presentation, the speaker insisted that electrical oscillation should be explained by phase transition and that phases should be defined by electrical resistances.


Large scale numerical experiments are commonplace today in theoretical physics. The high performance algorithms described herein are the most compact, efficient methods known for representing and analyzing systems modeled well by sets or graphs. After studying how these implementations maximize instruction throughput and optimize memory access patterns, we apply them to causal set quantum gravity, in which spacetime is represented by a partially ordered set. We build upon the low-level set and graph algorithms to optimize the calculation of the causal set action, and then discuss how to measure boundaries of a discrete spacetime. We then examine the broader applicability of these algorithms to greedy information routing in random geometric graphs embedded in Lorentzian manifolds, which requires us to find new closed-form solutions to the geodesic differential equations in Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes. Finally, we consider the vacuum selection problem in string theory, where we show a network-centered approach yields a dynamical mechanism for vacuum selection in the context of multiverse cosmology. These algorithms have broad applicability to many physical systems, and they improve existing methods by reducing simulation runtimes by orders of magnitude.


Hongmei Road Integrated Transit Hub Project,one of 60 integrated transport hubs to be constructed during " Eleventh Five" Plan in Shanghai,has been completed firstly.It is integrated with rail transport from top to bottom in same earthwork to save land resource to full extent.Hongmei Road Integrated Transit Hub connects directly with subway station to realize a zero transit.Nearby central ring fast corridor,convenient traffic is also a remarkable advantage.Integrated plan,design and implementation and construction difficulty are probed for reference to future construction of 145 integrated transit hubs.


The present case reports a 78-year-old male with a history of total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis and splenectomy for gastric cancer in 2007 and cholecystectomy in 2014 for cholelithiasis. The patient presented with a 1-week history of abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis (17,290 × 10 3 /μL [normal range: 3.8–10.6]) and elevated total bilirubin (3.75 mg/dL [0.1–1.1]), conjugated bilirubin (2.89 mg/dL [0.1–0.3]), aspartate aminotransferase (364 mg/dL [4–33]), and alanine aminotransferase (198 mg/dL [4–50]). Abdominal ultrasound revealed a 13mm gallstone in the common bile duct, resulting in its dilation up to 15 mm. After conservative management for acute cholangitis, the patient was referred for singleballoon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). During SBEERCP (with carbon dioxide insufflation), since only limited sphincterotomy could be performed due to limitations in the orientation of the available sphincterotome (CCPT-25ME; Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington,


Non-communicable diseases are medical conditions that are associated with long durations and slow progress.Non-communicable diseases encompass a vast group of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Non-communicable diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality globally, accounting for 70% of deaths worldwide. Unani System of Medicineprovides a paradigm shift from the curative approach of conventional biomedicine to an approach in which preservation of health and prevention of disease is central.The different levels of prevention incorporated in Unani Medicine noted were, the Ḥifẓ-i-ṢiḥḥatMutlaq (Preservation of Health) that targets a healthy population in the form of proper dietary management, regimens, and lifestyle modification through moderation and modification.Hifz‑ma‑Taqaddam (Measures for disease prevention) targets susceptible populations or apparently healthy individuals by identifying the early stage of disease through its precursors and starting preventive care at this stage of the disease that would halt its further progression.The present study is to review the effectiveness of strategies mentioned in Unani medicine in the management of non-communicablediseases and the impact of Asbāb Sitta Ḍarūriyya on individuals health so that we can make lifestyle decisions for an individual.There is a global authoritative to create and implement effective prevention strategies because the future costs of diagnosis and treatment are likely to be exorbitant. Unani medicine has got a comprehensive plan to prevent chronic diseases.


This paper considers an automatic target recognition (ATR) application in which a targeting sensor is used to guide a seeker-equipped weapon to an area containing high-value relocatable targets. The weapon seeker then needs to engage the high value targets, while minimising collateral damage. A Bayesian approach is proposed that enables the weapon seeker to exploit the targeting information before making its final decision. Specifically, the approach matches the scenes in the seeker domain with those from the targeting sensor, while taking into account uncertainty and data latency. The proposed solution utilises a Bayesian technique known as particle filtering. This paper outlines the approach, and presents results for a synthetic example. Future work will conduct a performance assessment using scenarios derived from real long-range and short-range SAR imagery.


Abstract : The availability of water for use by military personnel is critical in both desert and arctic environments. Menus and recipes developed for use under these conditions must meet the water requirements for troops, as well as provide items which are palatable and economical in terms of the amount of potable water needed for preparation. This report assess the impact of the arctic and desert environments on the Standard B Ration components and suggests menus, based on items in the B Ration, which address the need for a supply of adequate water to military personnel in both extremes of temperature, arctic and desert. The amount of water required for preparation of the food and beverages for 100 persons is given for both menus.


Scientists at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have secured $12 million in venture capital for the launch of Emulate, a company seeking to commercialize a polymer chip with automated instrumentation and software that predicts human responses to medicines, chemicals, and toxins. Emulate is betting that its Organs-on-Chips platform will expedite laboratory testing of drugs, reduce the need for animal testing, and advance personalized medicine research. The size of a computer memory stick, the chip device contains hollow channels lined with living cells and tissues that mimic organ-level physiology. Wyss earlier received funding to develop Organs-on-Chips from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Food & Drug Administration, and the National Institutes of Health. Wyss scientists, led by founding director Donald E. Ingber, and industry partners, including Sony and AstraZeneca, have worked since 2010 to develop chips and instrumentation that mimic at least ...


. This article proposes an analysis of the functioning of the misconception in the LGBT rights discourse. Based on Discourse Analysis theory of Pêcheux and Orlandi, a reading gesture is made to analyze the indications that Subjects would be misconceptioned. The analysis, therefore, concentrates on the effect of the meaning of the equivocation, understood as constitutive of the discursive process. The corpora analysis was constituted by cuts in the discussions of the facebook social network, from the indication by the militant speech LGBT that a Subject would be misconceptioned on his support a supposed candidate against the rights of the LGBTs.


The Benchmark Counterpulsation Outcomes Registry is a computerized database that incorporates prospectively gathered data on indications for intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) use, patient demographics, concomitant medications and in-hospital complications and outcomes. This report summarizes the validation of the Benchmark Registry. Three audits were performed on the Registry data – the first by the sponsor and the second two by independent auditors. The data for categorical variables that could be answered by checking a box were extremely robust, with most items having at least a 95% agreement rate (except catheter size, which had an 82% agreement rate). The data were slightly less robust for quantitative variables that required a written answer (at least an 80% agreement rate). This high agreement rate supports the conclusion that the Benchmark Counterpulsation Outcomes Registry data are generalizable and suggests that the Registry is a powerful tool for tracking the evolving practice of IABP use, including indications, insertion characteristics, duration, complications and outcomes in patients undergoing IABP.


Observations of solar chromosphere-corona transition region plasma show evidence of small-scale, short-lived dynamic phenomena characterized by significant nonthermal broadening and asymmetry in the wings of spectral line profiles. These impulsive mass motions (explosive events) are thought to be the product of magnetic reconnection and to be similar in driving mechanism (though larger in size) to nanoflares, the small-scale events proposed to heat the corona. In this paper, we present a statistical analysis of the energetics of explosive events to address the viability of the nanoflare heating theory. We consider high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution spectra of the C III λ977, N IV λ765, O VI λ1032, and Ne VIII λ770 lines observed with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) telescope and spectrometer. Each line profile exhibiting explosive event characteristics was analyzed using the velocity differential emission measure (VDEM) technique. A VDEM is a measure of the emitting power of the plasma as a function of its line-of-sight velocity and hence provides a method of accurately measuring the energy flux associated with an explosive event. We find that these events globally release ~4 × 104 ergs cm-2 s-1 toward both the corona and chromosphere. This implies that explosive events themselves are not energetically significant to the solar atmosphere. However, the distribution of these explosive events as a function of their energy has a power-law spectral index of α = 2.9 ± 0.1 for the energy range 1022.7-1025.1 ergs. Since α is greater than 2, the energy content is dominated by the smallest events. Hence, if this distribution is representative of the size distribution down to lower energy ranges (~1022 ergs), such small and (currently) undetectable events would release enough energy to heat the solar atmosphere.


Abstract The main features of climate and geology relevant to a discussion of the soils and landscapes of Western Australia are briefly reviewed. The pattern of drainage is described in terms of six drainage divisions, each with characteristic physiography and soils. In the interior, this involves a reconstruction of an ancient drainage system, based on the maps of the Atlas of Australian Soils. It is shown, on a continental scale, that the major divides are characterised not only by deep, chemically weathered, often lateritic profiles, but also by extensive sandy deposits derived from these preweathered materials.


This research entitled Deixis in Justin Bieber's Songs. The aims of this research is to analyze kind of deixis that used of Justin Bieber's song lyrics in 'Purpose Album and dominant deixis that used in this song. The focus types deixis which analyzed are: person dexis, place deixis and time deixis.The data used to complete this study is song lyrics of Justin Bieber in 'Purpose Album. The song lyrics data got from internet browsing. Descriptive qualitative design is used to conduct this research. Having analyzed the data, the findings of this study are: (a) There are three kinds deixis are found, namely: person deixis (you,I, we, it, me, us, your, myself, yourself), time deixis (all day, all night, then, when, once, twice, tonight, at second chance, all the times, night, and place deixis (in this game, in my work, on my own); (b) The deixis words to be analyzed are 145 words; 130 words are person deixis, 11 words are time deixis, 4 words are place deixis; (c) The dominantly deixis that found is person deixis are 130 words or 89,6%. The researcher proposes student should learn deixis from song lyrics, because it's familiar in society.  Keywords :  Deixis, Song Lyric, Place Deixis, Time Deixis, Person Deixis


Images of supermassive black holes produced using very long baseline interferometry provide a pathway to directly observing effects of a highly curved spacetime, such as a bright "photon ring" that arises from strongly lensed emission. In addition, the emission near supermassive black holes is highly variable, with bright high-energy flares regularly observed. We demonstrate that intrinsic variability can introduce prominent associated changes in the relative brightness of the photon ring. We analyze both semianalytic toy models and GRMHD simulations with magnetic flux eruption events, showing that they each exhibit a characteristic "loop" in the space of relative photon ring brightness versus total flux density. For black holes viewed at high inclination, the relative photon ring brightness can change by an order of magnitude, even with variations in total flux density that are comparatively mild. We show that gravitational lensing, Doppler boosting, and magnetic field structure all significantly affect this feature, and we discuss the prospects for observing it in observations of M87∗ and Sgr A∗ with the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope.


Pulseless cardiac arrest is typically defi ned as the documented cessation of cardiac mechanical activity, determined by the absence of a palpable central pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea. Separation of severe hypoxic–ischemic shock with poor perfusion from the nonpulsatile state of cardiac arrest can be challenging at any age. This separation can be especially diffi cult in neonates and infants because of their anatomic and physiologic differences. A rescuer's ability to determine cardiac arrest by a pulse check is neither sensitive nor specifi c in adults [1]. Not surprisingly, the pulse check is even more problematic in children. In adults, pulses can typically be palpated until the systolic pressure is <50 mm Hg. Because the normal systolic blood pressure in neonates is generally in the 60s, a decrease in blood pressure to nonpalpable pulse may occur earlier in the continuum from hypoxic–ischemic shock to nonpulsatile cardiac standstill. Furthermore, the best arterial pulse to palpate in an adult is the carotid pulse; however, the short, fl eshy neck of a baby with potential to compress the airway and impede respiration limits the effectiveness of carotid pulse palpation in babies.


Therapist: ...................................................................................................................................................................... Supervisor: .................................................................................................................................................................... Date Completed: ........................................................................................................................................................... This form is for completion by the supervisor of the participating therapist and will be used for the purposes of quality control and ensuring that competent TA therapy has been delivered to the clients participating in the research. The twelve therapeutic tasks listed below constitute the essential core treatment plan for depression. Please tick next to each item to indicate whether you feel the therapist is attending to this task in the therapy and give the therapist a rating using the six-point scale for each item. Please circle the N/A option if the item is not applicable. In the notes section, under each item and before the scale, please indicate how far the therapist achieved that item. 1 Much improvement in application needed: the therapist felt like a beginner, as if they didn't have the concept. 2 Moderate improvement needed: the therapist seemed like an advanced beginner, who is beginning to do this, but needs to work on the concept more. 3 Slight improvement in application needed: the therapist needs to make a focused effort to do more of this. 4 Adequate application of principle: the therapist did enough of this, but needs to keep working on improving how well they do it. 5 Good application of principle: the therapist did enough of this and did it skillfully. 6 Excellent application of principle: the therapist did this consistently and even applied it in a creative way.


The taxon Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn. (syn. P. sativum subsp. biflorum) was regarded as a separate species, P. elatius (1, 2, 3) , and now is commonly accepted as a pea subspecies (4) . Based on its long, climbing stems (up to 150 cm), P. sativum subsp. elatius may be translated into English as tall pea. This taxon is also regarded as one of ancestral forms of the cultivated pea, P. sativum L. subsp. sativum (5).


Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does IVF with or without ICSI (IVF/ICSI) treatment impact the development of embryonic brain structures? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results show associations between IVF/ICSI treatment, smoking and slightly increased sizes of early human embryonic brain structures. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The number of IVF/ICSI procedures is increasing worldwide and is associated with higher risks of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION One hundred seventy-five women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict study). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Self-reported questionnaires, verified by a research assistant at enrollment, provided information on periconceptional maternal characteristics and mode of conception. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) examinations were performed at 9 and 11 weeks of gestational age (GA). Diencephalon total diameter (DTD), mesencephalon total diameter (MTD) and telencephalon thickness on the left and right site (TTL/TTR) were measured offline in standardized planes using 4D View software. Linear regression models with adjustment for GA, maternal age, body mass index, moment of initiation of folic acid supplement use and smoking were used to study associations between mode of conception and embryonic brain measurements at 9 and 11 weeks of GA. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 276 3D-US scans of 166 participants, of which 50 conceived through IVF/ICSI, were included for embryonic brain measurements. Success rates of the DTD and MTD measurements were between 67% and 73% and of the TTL/TTR between 52% and 57%. In the fully adjusted model, we found that at 11 weeks of GA, the MTD (ß = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.101; 0.427, P < 0.01) and TTR (ß = 0.075, 95% CI = 0.001; 0.149, P < 0.05) sizes were larger in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. In addition, smoking also resulted in larger TTL measurements at 11 weeks of GA (ß = 0.095, 95% CI= 0.005; 0.186, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The implications of these small deviations on brain functioning need further investigation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Enlargement of attention for prenatal brain development and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome after IVF/ICSI treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, and Sophia research foundation for Medical Research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (SSWO grant number 644). No competing interests are declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A


: Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory Application in Home-based Laboratory Activities of Science Major Students in Microbiology. Objectives: This paper describes the experiences of science major students in doing their home-based laboratory activities in microbiology during the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is framed on Kolb's experiential learning theory. Methods: Using criterion sampling, nine BSEd Science major participants were interviewed face-to-face to describe their experiences using phenomenological hermeneutics. Kolb's theoretical constructs were used to thematically analyze the participants' responses. Findings: It revealed that students prefer doing laboratory experiments at school than at home due to the availability of laboratory materials. Students experience difficulty in doing home-based laboratory activities due to the difficulty of providing alternative laboratory materials to complete the laboratory tasks at home. Nevertheless, students gain self-development skills such as communication skills and resourcefulness. Conclusion: Science major students in microbiology have developed skills in adapting to the changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby, they developed flexibility and resourcefulness in accomplishing their home-based laboratory activities


Summary Incontinence-related training after radical prostatectomy: The muscle-balance concept that goes beyond pelvic floor contraction exercise Both tension activity and mobility are necessary to regain continence. Furthermore, daily movement has to be optimised whilst a systematic training for strengthening the entire trunk muscle has to be carried out according to the post-surgical requirements.


The purpose of this study is to establish the technical system of national logistics standardization and to strengthen the national competitiveness through reduction of the logistic cost. We review of the government and private roles in the logistic sectors and suggest plans for the improvement of logistics standardization for its completion in the unit load system in Korea. We conclude that a symmetrical logistics standardization may accomplish to reduce the costs of national logistics.


Studies on photocatalytic degradation of toxic and non-biodegradable organic pollutants remain a great challenge in principles, processes, and efficiencies. The main attention has been focused on the relationship between structure and efficiencies, the utilization of visible light, and the mechanisms for dioxygen activation and pollutants decomposition and/or mineralization of pollutants. Recent advances in the photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 and supported iron complexes were discussed in this review.


There has been significant discussion--and significant disagreement--on the issue of how exceptions should interact with atomic blocks implemented using transactions. We present a proposal that offers a significant contribution towards resolving this issue, at least for C++, and we raise remaining areas of disagreement for discussion at the workshop and in the community in general.


The X-ray diffraction method was used to characterize physiochemical properties of griseofulvin dispersed in polyethylene glycol 4000 and 6000. Results indicate a negligible or very limited solid solubility of griseofulvin in the pulverized solid dispersions. Pulverization and aging had pronounced effects on the X-ray diffraction spectrum. Results from aqueous solubility studies of griseofulvin in various concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 further indicate weak or insignificant interactions between the drug and the carrier. Mechanisms are postulated to account for the reported marked enhancement of dissolution rates and oral adsorption of griseofulvin dispersed in these carriers.


We address the issue why a cosmological constant (dark energy) possesses a small positive value instead of being zero. Motivated by the cosmic landscape picture, we mimic the dark energy by a scalar field with potential wells and show that other degrees of freedom interacting with it can localize this field by decoherence in one of the wells. Dark energy can then acquire a small positive value. We also show that the additional degrees of freedom enhance the tunneling rate between the wells. The consideration is performed in detail for the case of two wells and then extended to a large number of wells.


Accounting from Islamic Perspectives (AIP) is an emerging field. Recent years have attracted scholars from around the world who have contributed their thoughts about how accounting can be seen from the Islamic lens. However, the efforts so far are rather fragmented and without a clear agenda for future research. This paper presents a review of the literary achievements made in the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field carries a huge growth potential, the author argues that there are several challenges and problems that the proponents of AIP will face as the field develops further. This paper outlines these problems and challenges and makes suggestions to surmount the potential pitfalls. It is argued herein that, in order to develop AIP as a formal discipline and integrate it within real-life business practices, the research efforts need to be more organized through an international consortium of researchers. A brief proposal for such consortium is included here. Finally, recommendations are made for potential research directions in which future research on AIP can be pursued.


The present studies of wheat processing quality index and their relation s hips with baking quality was introduced in order to promote the re search and de velopment of wheat variety quality in China .


A coating of refactory metals alloy, e.g. an alloy of tantalum and tungsten, is deposited on a substrate, such as the bore of a gun barrel, by reacting an alloy of the refractory metals with chlorine to form a mixture of the vapors of the refractory metal chlorides and reacting the resulting mixture of vapors with hydrogen to re duce the metal chlorides to the free metals. The alloy coating thus deposited possesses a finer grain structure and is more homogeneous and ductile than one obtained by chlorinating the tantalum and tungsten metals sepa rately.


A new structure is proposed for an acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) system which explores post-filtering techniques in the subband. The post-filtering approach used seeks to minimize near-end speech distortion while further suppressing the residual echo to a predefined level. The new AEC system seamlessly combines this post-filtering technique and adaptive filters in a computationally efficient subband structure based on oversampled uniform DFT banks. Compared to its full-band counterpart, the proposed subband algorithm has a much lower computational complexity while achieving a comparable performance in terms of acoustic echo suppression. These observations are supported by experimental results. An improved practical design of the prototype filter for use with DFT filter banks is also introduced.


Bin packing is a well studied problem involved in many applications. The classical bin packing problem is about minimising the number of bins and ignores how the bins are utilised. We focus in this paper, on a variant of bin packing that is at the heart of efficient management of data centres. In this context, servers can be viewed as bins and virtual machines as items. The efficient management of a data-centre involves minimising energy costs while ensuring service quality. The assignment of virtual machines on servers and how these servers are utilised has a huge impact on the energy consumption. We focus on a bin packing problem where linear costs are associated to the use of bins to model the energy consumption. We study lower bounds based on Linear Programming and extend the bin packing global constraint with cost information.


The structural modifications and redox processes occurring during lithium deintercalation from the quasi-stoichiometric Li0.97(Ni0.70Fe0.15Co0.15)1.03O2 phase were studied by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. A solid solution is observed in the whole deintercalation domain (0.08≤x≤0.97); Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern shows a strong decrease of the M–O bond distance upon lithium deintercalation. The Mossbauer study shows that nickel and iron ions are simultaneously oxidized, a large number of the iron ions being stabilized in the high-spin tetravalent state. Comparison with the data obtained in the Lix(Ni,Fe)O2 system emphasizes the effect of the small cobalt ions on the facility to oxidize iron ions.


School performance among African American youths continues to be a major concern. The promotion of self-esteem remains a major focus of school-based intervention programs designed to improve children's academic performance and behavior. Empirical data suggest that academic self-efficacy rather than self-esteem is the critical factor for school success, but few studies have examined self-efficacy and self-esteem w îth an African American population. Furthermore, although school social workers tend to focus on nonacademic factors that inhibit student performance, little is known about how these factors may be associated with academic self-efficacy.This article explored cross-sectional relationships of various factors to academic self-efficacy. Findings suggest that strategies that build a student's belief in the importance of education may do more to increase academic self-efficacy among African American youths than would a focus on self-esteem. Implications for school social work practice are discussed.


Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is an important and often essential analytical method for characterizing inorganic contaminants in soils at hazardous waste sites. Often, however, the evaluation of EDXRF data usability does not adequately quantify analytical uncertainty. Since EDXRF is a non-contract laboratory program (CLP) method, no specific guidance is available. This paper examines several methods for evaluating EDXRF data usability, using data collected during a recent CERCLA remedial investigation. The examination emphasizes an important end use of the data-baseline risk assessment. Results indicate that adequate quantification of analytical uncertainty is possible if evaluations focus on detection limit, precision, accuracy and bias determination. Consideration of site-specific sample matrices is of primary importance in properly characterizing the uncertainty in these measurements. A rigorous approach for evaluating accuracy using EDXRF versus CLP (confirmation) data effectively characterizes analytical uncertainty as a function of concentration. Collectively, these methods provide a basis for assessing EDXRF data usability for purposes of risk assessment.


ABSTRACT The morpho-tectonic characteristics of the study area were evaluated due to paleo-tectonic significance. The Upper Tons Basin is associated with the Ganga river system, originated over the fracture zones produced after the collision of Indian and Eurasian plates; hence, the study region has its tectonic importance with small-scale tectonic deformation. The relief, drainage and tectonic characteristics are analyzed by using digital elevation model and topographical maps, geomorphic indices, lineaments and transverse profiles. Result reveals that two-third areas are in declining from mature stage (H I < 0.50) or monadnock phase (H I < 0.40). The value of basin asymmetry factor is suggesting right-side tilting of the trunk stream due to the tributaries of the Tons river originating over the Bhander uplands being longer. Further, the comparison of the stream length gradient with normalized stream length gradient shows delineating tectonically anomalous regions, and the anomalous points are addressed in the longitudinal profiles. The scarps fronts of the plateau are more sinuous and highly eroded, while the straight Kaimur fronts indicate relatively sensitive fronts. The relative tectonic activity index helps to evaluate the potential tectonic activity of a drainage basin and drainage network developed over the tectonically pre-designed valley.


Human papillomavirus(HPV)is a major etiological factor in cervical cancer,and it provides a promising target for the eradication of HPV-related malignancies.Although preventive HPV vaccines have been approved,the much-needed therapeutic vaccines targeted to HPV for cervical cancer require further development.Currently,a number of therapeutic vaccines have been developed and many have shown promise in both preclinical and clinical trials.This review discusses the therapeutic vaccines including live vector-based,peptide or protein-based,DNA-based and DC-based vaccines with emphasis on current progress of the clinical trials.


Ab initio calculations have been carried out for the addition of n-alkyl radicals to ethylene, with the aim of identifying levels of theory suitable for the reliable description of the mechanism and energetics of the propagation process in the free-radical polymerization of ethylene. For the calculation of absolute barriers, use of a method such as QCISD(T)/6-311G(d,p), together with MP2 basis set corrections to 6-311+G(3df,2p) and B3-LYP/6-31G(d) zero-point vibrational energy corrections, is recommended. For the calculation of Arrhenius frequency factors, the parameters required, i.e., geometries, fundamental frequencies, and rotational barriers, can be reliably obtained at much simpler levels of theory, such as UHF/6-31G(d) or even UHF/3-21G.


The majority of state-of-charge based battery "fuel gauging" analog front end solutions are performed by either an analog-to-digital converter or a continuously integrated voltage-to-frequency converter. Comparable cost solutions are compared from the point of view of performance and difficulty of implementation. Laboratory results from both architectures are shown for common battery charge/discharge profiles.


volvement of employees through trust, integrity, commitment, and passion, which will lead to more customer loyalty. In the long run this strategy has to be accompanied by sustainable developments in all areas of human resource management. The two strategies are then shown in a case study of the "Wachovia Bank" in order to illustrate a human capital agenda, which is summarized in ten guidelines at the end of the book. The study and the results are very informative, but the conclusions are questionable. Is it possible to gain an objective view on human resource management by asking only for instruments and gathering subjective attitudes? Could Germany be the world export champion if our companies were destroying human capital to a large extent? Is it not human capital which attracts foreign investors to Germany more than anything else? In view of these questions, the conclusions drawn are too drastic. But drastic scenarios sometimes help creating awareness of some problems. If this were to result in an improvement of human resource management practices in Germany, our success factor "human capital'" would be strengthened. German companies would be able to manage this without common sense-grounded advice and guidelines. In summary, the book has a misleading title and offers an informative empirical study and debateable conclusions.


Purpose: India is known for highest number of young people in the world. Students as consumers are more dynamic and emerging consumer group for restaurants. Focusing on younger diner attitude and preferences, the aim of this paper is to use factor analysis approach to group different factors influencing their motivation behind dining out in casual restaurants. Total 31 variables were identified based on literature review. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20. Nine factors were identified which had high loadings. The sample for the study was drawn using convenience sampling technique of university students which is a major limitation of the study. Further random sampling may be used taking large sample size for more generalized results. The findings of the study would help the marketers to analyze major factors influencing dining out behavior of younger consumers.


Nello Martini, former head of the Italian drug regulatory agency, Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, has been cleared of the charge of "causing unintentional disaster," which in 2008 provoked his removal from his post. At the end of a hearing last week that took more than two years the Criminal Court in Rome stated that there was no legal basis to go to trial.

Senator Ignazio Marino, an MP for the opposition Democratic party and head of the parliamentary investigative committee on the healthcare system, told the BMJ that he will launch an investigation into Dr Martini's sacking.

"It …


Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides(NO x ) from diesel engine exhausts in presence of water vapour over metaloxide and perovskite\|ZSM\|5 catalysts using ammonia as a reductant have been studied. Zeolite ZSM\|5(Si/Al=20) is a poor catalyst for the reduction of NO x with ammonia in presence of O\-2 , but when loaded with metals like Cu, Fe, Cr and Ni, it behaves as active catalysts for NO x \|reduction. Cu/ZSM\|5 shows higher activity than other metal/ZSM\|5 catalysts, both with and without water vapour. It is observed that NO x \|conversion has dropped in presence of water vapour, while the selectivity to N\-2 increase. But Cu/ZSM\|5 is an exception, its activity does not drop, but slightly increases. Peroviskites, such as LaFeO\-3/ZSM\|5, LaCoO\-3/ZSM\|5 and LaNiO\-3/ZSM\|5, prepared by coprecipitation and coated on cordierite honeycomb, show high activity for NO x \|reduction and low N\-2O formation, indicating high selectivity to N\-2. Especially in presence of water vapour, the by\|product, N\-2O, is hardly formed. This is very advantageous of NO x selective catalytic reduction, for the by\|product, N\-2O can be formed over many effective catalysts. It is probable, that according to synergetic effect, the two catalysts, Cu/ZSM\|5 and LaFeO\-3/ZSM\|5, may be combined into one efficient catalyst, Cu\|LaFeO\-3/ZSM\|5, which may possess high activity, anti\|water property and high selectivity.


A landslide inventory representing landslide locations is used as a key factor in landslide susceptibility assessment. This paper explores Google Earth (GE) for generating a polygon-based landslide inventory in Bandung Basin. How far GE can identify landslides and their boundaries, source areas, and types were discussed here. Visual interpretation of GE images supported by path tool in GE, official landslide reports, previous research papers, and media was performed. The result is a polygon-based landslide inventory consisting of 194 landslide areas and 194 landslide source areas during 1993-2020. The limitations of GE in preparing the landslide inventory are (1) not covering the timing of the landslide occurrences, (2) tricky to identify small landslides (<100 m2) in anthropogenically transformed areas, and (3) not able to distinguish between earth and debris of landslide material.


We have found that some periods of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) oscillations as a function of cap-layer (CL) thickness may be suppressed if the in-plane extremal spanning vectors of the cap- and ferromagnet-materials Fermi surfaces do not coincide. The suppression of the IEC oscillations vs. the CL thickness holds also if the magnetic slab thickness tends to infinity. On the one hand, we have shown by means of very simple arguments that apart from the well-known selection rules concerning the spacer- and cap-layers, another one related with the magnetic sublayers has to be fulfilled in order that the interlayer coupling oscillations $vs.$ CL thickness could survive. On the other hand, the distribution of induced magnetic moments across the non-magnetic cap- and spacer-sublayers have been computed and shown to reveal the underlying periodicity of the materials they are made of (i.e. related to their bulk Fermi surfaces) independently of whether or not the selection rules are fulfilled. This means that the IEC oscillations are of global nature and depend on all the sublayers the system consists of.


In the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the United States Congress stated that an ultimate goal was: ". . . to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans." Appraisal of environmental conditions can be established by three basic types of information: (1) scientific information, (2) baselines, and (3) value judgments. Scientific information is always preferred but baselines can be established simply as an indication of current conditions against which future changes can be evaluated. Last summer, the American public was deeply concerned about the levels of mercury in water resources, but there was little baseline information to establish the extent of the problem nationally. Initiated in response to this growing need for data, a nationwide reconnaissance of selected minor elements in water resources of the 50 States and Puerto Rico was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife during autumn of 1970. The synoptic survey provides an up-to-date baseline of toxic metals, largely for dry-weather flows of streams that are sources of municipal and industrial water for the Nation's metropolitan areas. More than 720 samples obtained during October and November 1970, from rivers and lakes, were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), cobalt, lead, mercury, and zinc. Sampling sites fall within three categories: (1) surface water sources of public water supplies for cities of more than 100,000 population, or for some States, the largest city in each State, (2) water courses downstream from major municipal and (or) industrial complexes in each State, and (3) U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic benchmark stations. Hydrologic bench-mark stations were established in the mid1950s for measuring long-term natural trends in streamflow and water quality. These stations are located in undeveloped drainage basins in the major physiographic regions of the country. Samples were taken mainly during October 1-15, 1970, when rivers were at medium or low-flow stages in many parts of the country. Samples were filtered (0.45 p openings) to provide information on sediment-free water like that normally supplied to the user. The samples were acidified (1.5 ml nitric acid for a 1-1 sample) when collected to prevent separation of minor elements during shipment to a designated laboratory for analysis. For each site, stream discharge in cubic feet per second was measured or estimated at the time of sampling, when it was practicable to do so. More complete chemical analyses for samples collected at many of these sites have been published in the Geological Survey water resources data reports.


Transflective liquid crystal display has a plurality of pixels, has a sandwiched liquid crystal layer (3) and an optical layer (7) between each pixel and the front substrate (1) and rear substrate (2), optical layer (7) has a birefringent material, the pixel is divided into at least one transmissive pixel and (5) at least one reflective pixel and (4), the optical layer (7) is at least in part sandwiched between the liquid crystal layer (3) with the front substrate (1) or the rear substrate (2), is patterned into a plurality of regions (8 and 9), at least one respective area reflective subpixel (4) part or covering at least a portion of the transmissive subpixel (5).


1 This project was initiated by the Washington State Partnership Council on Juvenile Justice and was approved by WSIPP's Board of Directors on September 17, 2012. 2 The preparation of this report was aided by the Office of Juvenile Justice, Juvenile Justice & Rehabilitation Administration, and Department of Social & Health Services through a federal grant from the Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention of the U.S. Department of Justice authorized under the Juvenile Justice, Runaway Youth and Missing Children's Act Amendments of 1992 through a grant approved by the Washington State Partnership Council on Juvenile Justice (WA-PCJJ). Washington State Inst itute for Publ ic Pol icy


that the Death of the Author was a pernicious trope, but in Griffin's treatment it becomes just another interesting twist in the tale—or tales. It takes a scholar of Griffin's experience and insight to assess the field so skillfully while simultaneously maintaining a light enough touch to charmingly enthuse over Dryden's elegy to Oldham. His book reveals the social dimension of eighteenth-century writing which is made visible at every stage of literary production. However, Griffin is also quick to remind his readers that "individual authorship does not dissolve into authorship by a group" (p. 56) when collaborative efforts are taken into consideration. The authors we know from the period are generally the ones who were able to take advantage of the opportunities created by such efforts. Anyone interested in the history of authorship will find Griffin's work useful and the problems it raises relevant and puzzling. In his introduction, Griffin points to the possibilities offered by electronic databases like EEBO, ECCO and others. He goes on to ask the questions the next generation of scholars must answer:


In a blind comparison, 465 randomly collected clinical fecal specimens were examined. Hemo-De was found to be an excellent replacement for ethyl acetate in the concentration procedure and for carbol-xylene and xylene in the trichrome staining procedure. Elimination of toxic reagents, combined with its lower cost, makes Hemo-De the preferred choice in routine parasitology examinations.


China is during the period of social transformation,when exist a complex of social relations and a sharpening of social contradictions.How to effectively resolve the social contradictions has become the key to implement the scientific concept of development and to build a harmonious society.The police are the main strength to maintain social order,so the configuration and exercise of its power is not only related to the provision of good security environment for the harmonious society,but also to the image of governing for the people.The police criminal authority is the important angle of view to study the configuration of police power whose representative contents are the power to conduct on-spot investigation,the power of detention,the power to make technical investigation and the power to make disguised investigation.Hence,research into the configuration of the power and its perfection is of great value.


The derivation of statecharts from requirements has been addressed from many perspectives. All of them assume that the derivation process is a linear series of refinements resulting in a single statechart, thereby missing the opportunity to explore alternatives in the design space. We propose a multi-dimensional approach that exploits inherent variability of the design space, where alternative refinements are considered for the same intermediate problem, resulting in multiple solutions (statecharts) from a single initial problem (requirements). In order to accomplish this, we propose an extended form of goal model where architects can incrementally refine the original requirements by considering behavioral alternatives leading to design solutions. The proposed refinement process is illustrated through an example from the literature. Experimentation with randomly generated models suggests that the proposal is scalable.


Theoretical and experimental characterization methods have been combined to shed more light on the potential impact of the various templating amines that they may have on the formation of layered vanadates with a scroll morphology and their cation-exchange capacity. Eight branched- and straight-chain alkylamines were used as the structure-directing agents to make the V2O5 sheets roll up into a scroll structure during microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and elemental analysis in order to obtain the necessary information on their nanostructure and morphology as a function of the template. On the basis of these experimental results, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations completed with Monte Carlo simulation methods were applied to model the template conformation and the way it had been intercalated into the vanadate layers. It was then postulated that similar structuring mec...


any In thistalk webrie(cid:13)y sum m arizeourtheoreticalunderstanding ofin-m edium selfenergies ofhadrons. W ith the specialcase ofthe ! m eson we dem onstrate that earlier calculations thatpredicted a signi(cid:12)cantlowering ofthe m assin m edium are based on an incorrecttreat-m entofthem odelLagrangian;m oreconsistentcalculationslead to a signi(cid:12)cantbroadening, buthardly any m assshift.W estressthattheexperim entalreconstruction ofhadron spectral functionsfrom m easured decay productsalways requires knowledge ofthe decay branching ratioswhich m ay also be strongly m ass-dependent.Italso requiresa quantitatively reliable treatm entof(cid:12)nalstate interactionswhich hasto be partofany reliable theory.


Over time, The development of energy rapidly. Electric Energy needs increasingly, require the availability of electrical energy efficient and quality. PT.PLN ( Persero ) have three levels in distribute electric power among other level generation, the level of transmitting and the distribution, so cause many to be a problem in it. The transmitting and distribution of there arelose out resources in cause by several factors. Losses power that occurs in the channel transmitting very need in note, because it could lead to the loss of the big enough.Analysis of the calculations lose out power carried on the system transmitting high strain 150 kv on gardu induk jajar to gardu induk gondangrejo. Analysis done with through the survey at the site and then do calculation losses power for a month in manual. Methods used the researchers do take data of Strain and the flows that in do every day. Take data done steadily for a month, at 10:00 and 19.00 pm. The conductor on the transmitting gardu induk jajar to gardu induk gondangrejo with type ACSR who have dimensions 240/40. The results of the conclusion analysis losses power is the highest losses that occurs during the day is on November 23, losses reached 1,035619 MW and at night, going on November 21 with losses greater than during the day that 1,398591 MW. In this research the number of losses in November 2016 reached 291259,728 kWh and PT.PLN ( persero ) get a loss of Rp328.025.443,00


Objective: To evaluate the pleuropulmonary alterations caused by intrapleural injection of silver nitrate or talc in an experimental model, in order to consider its use in human beings. Method: 112 rabbits were randomly selected to receive intrapleural 0.5% silver nitrate or 400 mg/kg talc slurry in 2 ml saline. Eight rabbits of each group were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 months. Regarding the pleural cavity, the degree of macroscopic pleurodesis (adherences) and microscopic alterations, represented by inflammation and pleural fibrosis, were analyzed. The parenchyma was evaluated regarding the degree of alveolar collapse, intra-alveolar septum edema, and cellularity, on a 0 to 4 scale. Results: Intrapleural injection of silver nitrate produced earlier and more intense pleurodesis than talc slurry injection. The parenchymal damage was more evident with silver nitrate, considered as moderate, and limited to the first evaluation (after one month). From the second month on and throughout the entire one-year follow-up, the parenchymal damage was similar with both substances, only the pleural adherences were more intense with silver nitrate. Conclusions: Intrapleural silver nitrate produces better and longer-lasting than intrapleural talc injection. The parenchymal alterations, although discreet, are more pronounced when silver nitrate is used, but minimal after two months, and similar to those produced by talc injection during the entire one-year observation period. These effects on the pulmonary parenchyma do not contraindicate the use in humans. Thus, the use of intrapleural silver nitrate to produce fast and effective pleurodesis can be considered in patients in which pleural cavity symphysis is desired. (J Pneumol 2003;29(2):57-63)


With the higher amount of buildings and infrastructures in Bangkok, Thailand, the number of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is increasing continuously. These wastes, if not completely recycled, will create the environmental problems. This research paper concentrates on the use of a system dynamics modeling technique to develop a C&D waste recycling model. Data and related relationships were generated to develop the simulated equations to simulate the model to reflect real practices of the construction industry in Bangkok, Thailand. The simulation results reveal the improved C&D waste recycled over time.


Since the arrival of eucalyptus in Goias around 1980, silviculture has been consolidating over the years and demonstrating its importance to the state's economy. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the behavior of commercialized forest products: vegetable carbon, firewood and wood logs originated from silviculture over the years for the mesoregions of the state of Goias. This study was conducted by collecting IBGE data, accounting for the amounts produced as well as values collected from each product from 2000 to 2015. A total of 27,390 t and 49,496 t of vegetable carbon was produced within the North and South mesoregions in 2000, respectively, corresponding to R$ 3.2 million and R$ 7.7 million. The firewood produced in the same period in the South and North mesoregions were 445,125 m3, raising R$ 5.08 million and 169,610 m3 (R$ 878 thousand) and wood production corresponded to 17,971 m3 (R$ 318 thousand) and 5,750 m3 (R$ 230 thousand), with the remaining mesoregions always presenting low values for both products. In 2015, the production of vegetable carbon was reduced, with an increase in the production of firewood and wood logs, indicating that some products have been replaced by others over the years, such as vegetable carbon by wood chips, as well as other products which can be processed and transformed into other less polluting and more economical energy sources.


The core of 2G reformation of medical education is the integrated curriculum and problem-based learning. The competency-based medical education is an important feature of the 3G medical education reform. The implementation of the second-generation of medical education reform is a necessary precondition and defined as extension of the concept of competence-oriented education to the educational experience in colleges or universities. It is important to understand the relationship between the two concepts accurately based on solid coordination of medical education.

Key words:
Problem-based learning; Curriculum Integration; Competency-based medical education; Formative assessment


The research progress in solar cells is reviewed. The c-Si solar cell is stepping to high efficiency solar cell presently. The study of solar cell is focusing on the thin film solar cell, especially the poly-Si solar, since it is low cost and high efficiency. The third generation solar cell is on the first step, a brief introduction is given.


The invention discloses a method for forming a filter screen on an MEMS sensor, and the MEMS sensor. The method comprises the following steps: setting a dissociable adhesive tape on a substrate, and forming the filter screen on an adhesion surface of the dissociable adhesive tape; transferring the filter screen on a thin film to form a self-adhesive coil; and transferring and adhering the filter screen on the self-adhesive coil on a collection hole of the MEMS sensor. The filter screen formed by the method is dense and uniform in mesh holes, and is high in yield. In addition, the method is suitable for large-scale industrialized production.


In this paper, both the advantage and disadvantage of traditional Genetic Algorithm and Back Propagation Algorithm are analyzed. A mixed algorithm on combination of genetic algorithm and back propagation algorithm is adopted and it's network is trained by a sample of the spectrum, texture, position and geometry features of hyperspectral remote sensing images. The numerical experiment is designed to compare GA-BP algorithm with an evolutionary BP algorithm, which is trained by Levenberg-Marquart algorithm. The results proved that GA-BP algorithm is more efficient, robust and practical.


Lysophospholipids (LPLs), including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are low molecular weight lipid metabolites derived from enzymatic processing of membrane phospholipids. These compounds bind to multiple G protein-coupled receptors and transduce many different intracellular signaling events. LPA and S1P receptors were originally identified as a family of orphan endothelial differentiation gene ( EDG ) receptors, and subsequently expanded into a larger group of receptors with important physiological functions. To date 6 LPA receptors and 5 S1P receptors are known. These receptors mediate survival, migration, and differentiation of cells, which are also important characteristics of tumors.


Averrhoa bilimbi is used as an antibacterial, astringent, anti -inflammatory, postpartum pills. Averrhoa bilimbi has medicinal properties to the effective treat a number of human diseases. Averrhoa bilimbi has different parts of the plant are used in the different conditions. This fruits are used as a remedy for cough. The syrup from this fruit is used not only to treat the inflammation and fever but also to stop rectal bleeding and relieve internal haemorrhoids The infusion of the flower is believed to be effective for the coughs and mouth ulcers. The fruits are combined with pepper are eaten to cause sweating when people are feeling under the weather. Rubbing the pickled bilimbi paste all the over your body will speed up your recovery from fever. Acidic fruits are employed to clean the blade of a dagger, and they serve as mordants in the preparation of an orange dye for silk fabrics. Because of its oxalic and content, fruit juice is useful for the bleaching stains from hands and rust from white cloth, and also tarnishes from brass. They are applied on bites of the poisonous creatures. Malasiysians take the leaves fresh or fermented as a treatment of venereal disease. A leaf decoction is taken to relief rectal inflammation. A leaf infusion is a remedy for coughs and is taken after child birth as a tonic.


This paper aims at understanding how trade relations between France and EU?s countries have historically contributed to French economic growth. Classical and neo-classical theory widely supports that foreign trade is a major factor of growth. However, the impact of foreign trade on economic growth is not clearly established. We focus on the French trade with Europe because of the large openness of French economy and the increasingly strong integration of European countries. Moreover, we choose an historical approach because this way can bring some important insights, which improve our understanding of the relation between openness and economic growth in the case of France since 1850. First, we analyze the evolution of the trade relations between France and EU?s members and French economic growth. Our next step consists in an econometric analysis of the relationship between French trade with Europe and French economic growth using causality and cointegration tests.


This paper presents a comparative overview of the most important approaches presented to address the behavioral modeling of microwave and wireless power amplifiers (PAs). Starting from a theoretical framework of recursive and nonrecursive nonlinear filters, it proposes a classification of the various PA behavioral models, discussing their abilities to represent the different effects observed in practical circuits. Using that formal procedure, one explains how it was possible to integrate a wide range of behavioral modeling activities and to show that some of them, which at first glance seemed to be quite different, are, indeed, identical in their modeling capabilities.


Fix 2 n, Nr_n\CA_m(\subseteq CA_n) denotes the class of n-neat reducts of CA_m's. The existence of certain finite relation algebras and finite CA_n's lacking relativized complete representations is shown to imply that the omitting types theorem (OTT) fails for L_n with respect to clique guarded semantics (which is an equivalent formalism of its packed fragments), and for the multi-dimensional modal logic S5^n. Several such relation and cylindric algebras are explicitly exhibited using rainbow constructions and Monk-like algebras. Certain CA_n constructed to show non-atom canonicity of the variety S\Nr_n\CA_{n+3} are used to show that Vaught's theorem (VT) for L_{\omega, \omega}, looked upon as a special case of OTT for L_{\omega, \omega}, fails almost everywhere (a notion to be defined below) when restricted to L_n. That VT fails everywhere for L_n, which is stronger than failing almost everywhere as the name suggests, is reduced to the existence, for each n<m<\omega, of a finite relation algebra R_m having a so-called m-1 strong blur, but R_m has no m-dimensional relational basis. VT for other modal fragments and expansions of L_n, like its guarded fragments, n-products of uni-modal logics like K^n, and first order definable expansions, is approached. It is shown that any multi-modal canonical logic L, such that $K^n\subseteq L\subseteq S5^n$, L cannot be axiomatized by canonical equations. In particular, L is not Sahlqvist. Elementary generation and di-completeness for L_n and its clique guarded fragments are proved. Positive omitting types theorems are proved for L_n with respect to standard semantics.


We are on the verge of a paradigm shift with our software for the new multicore architectures and there is no free lunch for conventional software. Power consumption and heat dissipation issues are pushing the microprocessor industry towards multicore design patterns. With the number of cores on multicore chips expected to reach tens to perhaps hundreds in a few years, efficient implementations of numerical libraries using shared memory programming models is of high interest. The current message passing paradigm used in ScaLAPACK and elsewhere introduces unnecessary memory overhead and memory copy operations, which degrade performance, along with making it harder to schedule operations that could be done in parallel. Limiting the use of shared memory to fork-join parallelism (perhaps with OpenMP) or to focusing the parallelism within the BLAS does not address all these issues.


between syntax and pragmatics and the computational modelling of text comprehension and are, perhaps, of most specialised interest. Conditions of space have precluded a discussion of a number of other interesting papers and I would particularly commend Grabes' paper on reading dramatic texts, Schulz's ' "Deep structure signals" in fiction', Forget's 'A pramatic role for inserted clauses in literary texts' and Wodak's wide-ranging 'Strategies in text production and text comprehension'. Clearly, this collection is full of good things and it would have been even better had it not been marred by numerous misprints. hly favourite is probably: 'Both repetition and paraphrase themselves convey a massage' (p. 452).


A water treatment separation membrane having a porous layer obtained by phase separation method, a phase separation method using a resin containing, as well as N, N- disubstituted isobutyramide and N- least mono-substituted isobutyramide solution of one.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, General Formulation, Regression Problems and Algorithms, Pre-Image Solution for Strings, Speeding up Training, Comparison with Other Algorithms, Experiments, Conclusion


Cities face the interlinked challenges of transforming environmental quality, sustainability, population health and health equity. There is increasing interest in green infrastructure in connection with these challenges. In order to go beyond an understanding of the effects of green infrastructure and develop an understanding of how policymakers should think about it, we need to capture potential interactions and be aware of possible unintended consequences. In our research, we applied a systems-thinking approach: integrating participatory engagements, qualitative system dynamics modelling, and an assessment framework in order to address the challenge. This allowed us to see multiple dynamics between the prioritisation of policymakers, different types of green infrastructure, and environmental and health outcomes. It also made us ask different and more integrated questions, and suggested a methodology for addressing the challenge of transforming cities.


In Collins v. Virginia (2018), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the automobile exception cannot justify a warrantless search of an automobile parked in a home's curtilage because the automobile exception pertains solely to the search of the automobile, not to the intrusion upon the Fourth Amendment privacy interest in the home's curtilage. After giving an overview of relevant Fourth Amendment jurisprudence concerning the curtilage doctrine and the automobile exception as well as the history of the exclusionary rule, this article examines the majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions in Collins and discusses the implications of this important decision. Collins preserves the heightened Fourth Amendment protection afforded to the home and its curtilage by refusing to further expand the automobile exception. Collins is also notable for Justice Thomas's concurrence, which questions the Court's authority to impose the exclusionary rule upon the states. Given the changing composition of the Court, the Court's eventual reconsideration of the exclusionary rule's applicability to the states is a possibility that bears watching.


Kirchhoff's kinematic hypothesis that leads to an approximate two-dimensional theory of bending of elastic plates consists in assuming that the displacements have the form [1] In general, the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for the equilibrium equations obtained on the basis of (1.1) cannot be solved by the boundary integral equation method both inside and outside a bounded domain because the corresponding matrix of fundamental solutions does not vanish at infinity [2]. However, as we show in this paper, the method is still applicable if the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is suitably restricted.


The integration of photovoltaic sources to conventional grid and increased utilization of nonlinear loads yield major power quality issues in the distribution system. Such power quality issues are commonly reduced by photovoltaic fed distributed static compensator (PV-DSTATCOM). In this paper, a comparative analysis of the PV-DSTATCOM performance for different controllers is shown. The controllers used for power quality improvement are instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP), modified instantaneous reactive power theory (MIRP) and IcosΦ algorithm. To verify the robustness of different controllers to load change, load unbalancing and non-ideal supply voltage conditions, the PV-DSTATCOM is simulated with nonlinear load, linear load, unbalanced load and thyristor load under ideal and as well as distorted supply voltage conditions. Furthermore an experimental setup has been developed to ratify the performance of the controllers with practical constraints.


The quality of vegetable seedling directly influences the plant growth and development and production quality after planting,cultivating strong seedling is the key to attain to early maturing and high yielding. Light environment control technology is a new energy saving,environment protecting,economical effective,simple and convenient method. This paper summarized the application research progress of light environment control technology in light intensity,light quality and photoperiod three fields in vegetable seedling culture.


The otolith radius-fish length relationship in capelin is shown to take the form of an heterogonic curve with an inflexion point occurring at the size of maturity for both sexes. This relationship changes with sex, age and maturity. A linear relationship between otolith radius and fish length, as determined by regression analyses, was found to exist only within an age-group. This necessitated the use of separate equations for back-calculating the lengths of each age. -- Growth curves of Trinity Bay capelin, as constructed from back- calculated lengths, indicated that male capelin grow faster than female capelin up to the age at maturity after which the growth rates remain the same. Inferences about age at first maturity of Trinity Bay capelin are made from otolith-age curves which suggest that capelin normally spawn more than once. -- Growth compensation in its typical form and Lee's phenomenon are shown to exist in capelin and reasons are given for their presence. It is suggested that growth compensation in capelin is not only acquired from the growth patterns of the different age-groups but is also an inherent feature of its growth. -- The method of ageing Trinity Bay capelin from otoliths is validated and the embryonic nucleus or larval check ring is described from the otoliths of larval capelin. Comparison of the otoliths of capelin from various regions of the northwest Atlantic indicates that there is a distinct decrease in the size of the first annulus from south to north. -- The otolith radius-fish length relationships of capelin from various regions of the northwest Atlantic are compared by age, sex and maturity. No consistent differences were apparent except those created by local variations in growth rate and maturity. -- Growth rates of capelin from the Bay of Fundy to northern Labrador are compared from otolith radius-age curves and length-at-age curves. The Bay of Fundy capelin are characterized by a fast growth rate, early maturity and small maximum size; the Labrador capelin are slow-growing, mature later and have a large maximum size; Newfoundland capelin are shown to be intermediate in growth rate. Reasons for these differences are discussed in relation to the hydrography of the area under consideration.


This paper stated the relationship between different diameters and exploding pipe,the relationship between materials and connecter of pipe and exploding pipe,the relationship between months and exploding pipe,through the basic data for water-supply pipeline of a city's investigations.On the basis of this,we analyzed the causes of the exploding phenomenon.It was pointed out that material and interface of pipe,temperature,foundation of trench and construction quality were the main factors of exploding pipe and the countermeasures to solve the problems were given.


We developed dinoflagellate-specific 18S rRNA gene primers. PCR amplification using these oligonucleo- tides for a picoplanktonic DNA sample from Long Island Sound yielded 24 clones, and all but one of these clones were dinoflagellates primarily belonging to undescribed and Amoebophrya -like lineages. These results highlight the need for a systematic investigation of picodinoflagellate diversity in both coastal and oceanic ecosystems. Dinoflagellates have received considerable attention due to their ecological and economical significance and their remarkable cytological and genetic features (6, 7, 20). However, our knowledge of the species diversity of these organisms remains limited even though novel living (2, 3, 10, 14) and fossil lineages (4, 19) have been discovered. Knowledge of the diversity of "small" dinoflagellates is particularly deficient. The recent discovery of ultraplanktonic ( (cid:2) 5- (cid:3) m) and picoplanktonic ( (cid:2) 3- (cid:3) m) dinoflagellates in Antarctica and the Pacific Ocean (13, 15), respectively,


Smedvig took delivery of the fully class 3 dynamic positioned new generation drilling units West Navion and West Venture in February 2000. Both are equipped with full capacity dual Ramrigs with the capability of running two strings in the water simultaneously. In a single well application the advantage lies in using the dual system for parallel making and breaking bottomhole assemblies, tool strings and pipestands and in running casing/BOP in parallel with drilling top hole. In a multiwell subsea template situation there is an additional potential in performing simultaneous in-water operations. While the main rig is in a BOP/riser drilling mode, the auxiliary rig can drill tophole and install surface casings in the next well. With proper planning, this could imply subsequent moving the BOP to the next well without having to come back to surface. In later phases the Xmas tree or other modules may be installed in other slots/positions in parallel with the main activity. The paper describes enhancement of drilling operations through a selection of cases that are experienced and proves that utilisation of the dual activity feature leads to a paradigm shift in drilling and completion operations.


Organ donation and transplantation has become a major part of the course of organ and tissue disease. With new, innovative technology and an increasing population the demand for healthy organs is reaching new, high levels. This paper will explore the emotions, outcomes and changes to constructs of personhood that surround organ transplantations, and how these ideas are cross-culturally similar and different. This paper will show that, although transplantation may be a practiced by a similar medical procedure, the conversation surrounding this practice is highly varied, and is rooted in culturally determined beliefs, concepts and attitudes. In addition this paper explores what it means to be human, and how, in some instances, organ transplantation questions humanity. Lastly, reciprocity will be considered a vehicle for changing constructs of personhood, through the ability to change relationships. Throughout comparison, an overarching need to preserve "wholeness" in the body is found and maintained through different ideas to organ transplantation. The overall purpose of this paper is to enlighten the reader to think critically about what organ transplantation and organ disease means when considering the commitment to become a donor or recipient, and how this may affect family and friends.


The electrochromic behaviour of titanyl phthalocyanine [Ti(O)(pc)] and vanadyl phthalocyanine [V(O)(pc)] thin films are reported. These materials manifest a reversible electrochromic change when reduced, but upon oxidation they show evidence of immediate destructive breakdown. The behaviour of the films is discussed in relation to the α- and β-phase structures of the films. It is found that the phase of [Ti(O)(pc)] changes during the electrochromic process owing to ion incorporation. This is the first report of an electrochromically induced phase change in metal phthalocyanine materials. The structure of the phase present in a metal phthalocyanine material is found to dictate whether or not it is electrochromic. If the structure is too closely packed to allow ion penetration, it will not be electrochromic. The implications of the irreversible oxidations are discussed in relation to the behaviour of metal bisphthalocyanine electrochromic materials.


Abstract : There are many new opportunities for developing materials which would provide important advances in sonar technology and much of this development is based on microstructural engineering of materials. The development of flexible composites for 'thin line' towed array and conformal arrays would be a major advance. The development of new high permittivity materials fore reliable neutrally buoyant sonar systems for mines and special high power applications is also a materials area with device application. Further, the development of highly anisotropic materials (SbSI) would allow for more sensitive and reliable designs of hydrophones. These materials could also be important in the development of flexible composites. Finally basic understanding of domain processes in ferroelectric glasses offers an opportunity to contribute a unique material that would allow the development of new optical, dielectric and piezoelectric devices. (Author)


Seed size is a highly heritable trait in mustard and increasing seed size could improve crop productivity. Here we report the effect of overexpression of two Arabidopsis genes SHB1 and KLUH on seed weight and other yield contributing traits in Brassica juncea. KLUH gene was expressed under its own promoter, whereas the constitutive HPL promoter drove SHB1. Transgenic status was confirmed through PCR, RT-PCR and Southern analyses. The three SHB1 events contained single copy of transgene, whereas 12 KLUH events carried 1–4 copies of transgenes. All transgenics were fertile and comparable to non-transgenic counterpart for most of the agronomic traits in both T0 and T1 generations. Seed size and seed weight in SHB1 transgenics were 30–40% higher than the control, whereas one KLUH event showed significant increase in seed weight. Constitutive overexpression of SHB1 in B. juncea had undesirable pleiotropic effects that were comparable to the Arabidopsis lines overexpressing IKU2.