The testing methods for determining the uniaxial ductile damage and the techniques for labeling the material parameters of non-linear Lemaiter-Chaboche's ductile damage model were studied based on the experimental results.Firstly,the plastic damage variables were determined through tension tests on the necked-in specimens by measuring the damage elasticity modulus.Secondly,an exponential objective function with three related parameters was proposed according to the non-linear damage equation of Lemaiter-Chaboche's model and a numerical iterative-fit method was suggested for fitting the damage curves and determining the material damage constants.Finally,the ductile damage and failure behaviors of aluminum alloys LY12-CZ thin-slabs were investigated both analytically and experimentally.


The repertoire of humor based on the phonological aspect of language is vast, and such humor can be found in different media and textual modes. This article focuses on verbal humor, specifically on phonological jokes, in which words or phonemes of one's own language are made to imitate or parody the sounds of another language (Munoz-Basols 2013). Based on evidence that this type of joke is a widespread practice found in over 30 languages (Munoz-Basols 2012), we classify the linguistic strategies used in such jokes to humorously represent foreignness. We analyze phonological jokes within the framework of cultural, social, individual, and comparative humorous contexts (Oring 2008), and we establish that they differ from ethnic jokes and belong to a distinct category of humor.


Abstract
 This chapter contains questions about the history of applied ecology and conservation along with others concerned with some basic principles.


Active vibration isolation of large load structures typically requires significant actuator energy. With a zero stiffness support, which can be realised with a permanent magnet system, reactive forces may be applied to the structure with comparatively little effort. This paper presents results for such a magnetic spring arrangement which is stabilised by a non-linear controller. Transmissibility less than unity is demonstrated over the entire frequency spectrum. In a large load vibration isolation system, significant forces are required to counter the effects of gravity. In order to bear this load, a conventional linear isolator requires either a high stiffness (k) if the allowable static displacements (x) are small, or large displacement if the stiffness must be low, via force F = k(x x0) with x0 the static deflection. While low stiffness is advantageous for vibration isolation, there is a practical lower limit on obtaining a stiffness to support a large load. As a spring compresses, its stiffness tends to increase, which has the disadvantage of increasing the system's resonant frequency !n = p k/m, for mass m. A high resonant frequency has the general disadvantage of poor passive vibration isolation, as attenuation occurs only above p 2 · !n. With these points in mind, a method of supporting large loads while keeping the stiffness low is desirable. For an active system, further advantage is gained from reduced control effort in actuating the device. In this paper, a permanent magnetic configuration is demonstrated that can reduce the passive stiffness to zero at unstable equilibrium while still providing a supporting force. The magnetic design is scalable, which provides for the capability of large load bearing. Non-linear control laws are proposed to stabilise the system and are demonstrated via simulation. Finally, implementation issues are discussed for a practical system. 2 SIMPLE MAGNET LOAD-BEARING The simplest form of magnetic suspension is the vertically attractive pair shown in Figure 1a, in which a fixed upper magnet supports the lower in an unstable manner. Due to the inherent instability resulting from negative stiffness and the non-linear forces involved, this system is often used for demonstrations of the efficacy of active control techniques. While all permanent magnet levitations are unstable by nature [1, 2], instability in a direction other than the supporting direction is desired for a completely passive spring (for example, see the spring of Puppin and Fratello [3]). A similarly simple (in terms of geometry) configuration is a vertical pair of magnets in repulsion, with the lower magnet


PURPOSE: This study aimed to report the comparison of recurrence rate and complications of intrapterygial injection of mitomycin C (MMC) 1 month before bare sclera excision of pterygium with and without conjunctival flap from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva. METHODS: This prospective interventional study enrolled 60 patients of pterygia from November 2010 to June 2012. All eyes received 0.1 ml (0.02%) of intrapterygial MMC injection 1 month preoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 each: Group 1 – bare scleral excision (BSE) and Group 2 – BSE with conjunctival flap from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva to cover the bare sclera. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and unpaired t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 40.6 ± 12.8 years and 36.9 ± 10.9 years in Group 1 and 2, respectively, (P = 0.2329). There were 11 (36.7%) males and 19 (63.3%) females in Group 1 and 7 (23.3%) males and 23 (76.7%) females in Group 2 (P = 0.101). The recurrence rate was 0% in Group 1 and 3.3% (1 eye) in Group 2 (P = 1.00). Postoperatively, scleral whitening occurred in 6 (20%) eyes in Group 1 and none in Group 2 (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Both techniques, BSE alone or with conjunctival flap from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva 1 month after intrapterygial MMC, resulted in negligible (0%–3.3%) recurrence of pterygium. Conjunctival flap significantly reduced (0%) the postoperative complication of scleral whitening. This is the first report of efficacy of conjunctival flap in reducing scleral whitening after intrapterygial MMC.


Thermal injury of thoracic spinal cord after percutaneous cryoablation of spinal tumor—When needles are more dangerous than the knife Lee A. Tan & Harel Deutsch To cite this article: Lee A. Tan & Harel Deutsch (2015) Thermal injury of thoracic spinal cord after percutaneous cryoablation of spinal tumor—When needles are more dangerous than the knife, British Journal of Neurosurgery, 29:3, 443-443, DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2014.997672 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02688697.2014.997672


Several crack tip stress intensity factor solutions have been published for semi-elliptic, surface breaking cracks in plates subjected to tension or bending forces. These solutions do not agree with each other particularly well and the basis for choosing which one is the best has not been established. In this paper, the development of fatigue crack shape is used as a diagnostic tool to test the accuracy of these theoretical stress intensity solutions in predictive fatigue crack growth calculations. Those solutions giving the best engineering estimate of crack tip stress intensity factors are identified. Single equations are also given for each loading case at the deepest point or surface intersection point of semi-elliptic cracks in order to facilitate calculations on programmable calculators. A rational basis for calculating the progress of a crack which snaps through the thickness and continues to propagate in a stable way by fatigue is suggested.


The present study aims to develop a linseed oil coated quartz crystal microbalance sensor to detect trimethylamine (TMA), an important freshness indicating agent of fish. The strong odor of TMA is often termed as "Fish odor". It is likely to be generated when bacteria starts growing on dead fish. Therefore to detect TMA, a simple approach of vegetable oil film as a receptor element in the quartz crystal transduction platform has been elucidated herein. The developed sensor exhibits a significant sensitivity towards TMA with a sensitivity of 0.1841 kHz/ppm (R2=0.92). Alongside, satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity of the prepared sensor have been studied successfully.


This study aimed was the establishment of the genus Brachiaria in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted from April to June 2016, as a randomized-block experimental design with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented by five Brachiaria cultivars, namely, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Morphogenetic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate) and structural characteristics (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller, forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) of the forage cultivars were evaluated. Canopy height fitted a linear regression model (P<0,05), with estimated daily increases of 0.50, 0.53, 0.53, 0.54 and 0.56 cm for cvs Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés, respectively. The number of live leaves in cvs Basilisk and Paiaguás increased linearly (p < 0.05), by 4.3 and 2.8 leaves per tiller, respectively, during the 60-day period. The recommended height at which the growth of Brachiaria cultivars should be interrupted is upon reaching 25 to 35 cm. In the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, the Brachiaria cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés are established at 75 days after sowing, which is the recommended time for performing the first harvest or lenient grazing to stimulate tillering.


In this study we investigate how student learning is evaluated and assessed by a number of different measures. Exploring foundational studies in student learning and assessment, we argue that much work has focused on traditional classrooms and individual learner experience, rather than technologyaugmented and social learning contexts. In a move toward a social learning focus, we suggest some approaches in the student assessment literature that address the social construction of both learning contexts and learners.


Hemorrhage from ruptured gastroesophageal varices resistance (due to the liver disease which increases the intrahepatic vascular resistance). is the main complication of portal hypertension, and represents a major cause of death and of liver transplantation For variceal bleeding to occur, portal pressure (usually evaluated as the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with cirrhosis [1]. Variceal bleeding is the last step of a chain which is initiated by the increase in portal (HVPG)) has to increase to a threshold value?12 mm Hg [4–6], which defines what represents a clinically significant pressure, followed by the formation and progressive dilatation of the varices until these finally rupture and bleed. increase in portal pressure. This is emphasized by considering that patients in whom HVPG is reduced to =12 Approximately 10% of patients having varices will develop variceal hemorrhage per year [2]. mm Hg are totally protected against the risk of variceal bleeding [7, 8]. One of these studies actually reported The understanding of the pathophysiology of variceal formation and rupture will permit to provide the rational a reduction in variceal size and a prolonged actuarial probability of survival in the group of patients decreasing basis for new strategies directed at improving the prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding in patients with the HVPG to =12 mm Hg [7]. However, when HVPG increases above this threshold liver cirrhosis. value there is no clear relationship between the magnitude of the portal pressure elevation and the risk of hemorrhage [5, 6]. This may represent a selection bias due to Pathophysiology of Variceal Hemorrhage the fact that these studies were cross-sectional rather than prospective serial investigations. In that regard, Vinel At present, most authors accept that variceal hemorrhage occurs due to the rupture of the variceal wall beet al. [9] showed that portal pressure measurements within 48 h of bleeding had a prognostic value for short-term cause of an excessive hydrostatic pressure and its ensuing consequences increasing variceal size and decreasing the survival in cirrhotic patients, suggesting that later measurements are biased by not including the high pressure thickness of its walls (the so-called 'explosion' hypothesis of variceal rupture) [3]. of patients dying from the variceal bleeding episode. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the early measurement of HVPG during variceal hemorrhage has a Increased Portal Pressure The portal pressure gradient depends on the relationprognostic value in predicting failure to control bleeding and early rebleeding [10]. The more convincing evidence ship between the flow within this vascular system and the resistance that opposes that flow. In portal hypertensive of the importance of the increased portal pressure as a determinant for variceal bleeding has been provided by states, portal pressure is elevated due to an increase in both blood flow (due to splanchnic vasodilatation) and recent studies incorporating serial measurements of


This paper presents a method for tracing the flux line and Poynting flux amplitude in a geometrical optics field in relation to the circularly polarized absolute value ray when a plane wave is incident on a planar nondis-persive layered lossy medium. For projected flux flow lines that are the projection of the Poynting flux flow lines onto the wavefront normal plane, it is shown that Format's principle holds for the projection flux flow lines if an anisotropic index of refraction of the projected flow lines related to the excitation method of the plane wave and dependent on the amplitude is introduced.


A78 Response to chemotherapies is often restricted by the development of resistance subsequent to treatment. We use a combination of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), high resolution cytogenetics (SKY and m-banding analysis), and gene expression (GE) to study the genomic basis of such phenotypes. To demonstrate the utility of combined analyses for studying drug resistance we compared the genomic profiles of A2780 ovarian cancer cells and a cisplatin-resistant derivative (A2780cis). Copy number aberrations were detected with Agilent prototype 95k 60mer oligonucleotide CGH arrays while GE was measured with Agilent 44k GE arrays. Aberrant genomic intervals were identified with using an efficient aberration detection algorithm (Lipson et al, JCB 2006), which identifies all intervals with significant deviation of the average log 2 ratio of all probes in the interval from the expected baseline. aCGH data was integrated with spectral karyotyping (SKY) and chromosome-specific m-banding analyses. The majority of differential aberrations were deletions in A2780cis cells associated with downregulation of GE relative to parental A2780 cells. These included deletions on 1p22.1-cen with a nested homozygous deletion targeting the SNX7 locus at 1p21.3, 2ptel-p25.2, Xq12.2-qtel, and loss of one copy of chromosome 13 but with focal ( der(8)t(1;8)(p22;p23) and der(X)t(X;1)(q12;q11) that were associated with differential copy number aberrations, were identified by SKY and m-banding and their breakpoints mapped to a single gene resolution. A significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes is observed in these regions including chromosomes 1 (p-value = 3.5E-07), 13 (p-value = 0.003) and 8q (p-value


With the further understanding of the structure of antibody,it not only lays an important role in rejecting the invasion of foreign organism,but also is the focus of research on preventing and curing the sickness by use of the characteristics itself.Especially the techniques of monoclonal antibody come out.We make it possible to study and produce drugs based-antibody.The history,present situation,issues and prospects of antibody-based drugs were briefly reviewed.


The provisions of the Local Parenting Time Schedule will apply, unless modified by the following paragraphs. Although frequent contact is recommended, distance and cost of transportation may prohibit implementing the local schedule. The parties are encouraged to agree to a schedule that is convenient and workable for the parents and the child. It will be important to consider the child's extracurricular activities when scheduling parenting time. In the absence of agreement, parenting time for the non-residential parent of the school age child will NOT BE LESS THAN the following:


The spatial heterogeneity of soil's microhabitats warrants the study of ecological patterns and community assembly processes in the context of community coalescence, or the combining and restructuring of communities and their environment. By mixing soil at various frequencies in a 16-week lab incubation, we explored the effects of mixing disturbance on soil bacterial richness, community composition, and community assembly processes. We hypothesized that well-mixed soil would harbor less richness, dominated by homogenizing dispersal and homogeneous selection. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we inferred ecological processes, estimated richness and differential abundance, calculated compositional dissimilarity, and constructed co-occurrence networks. Findings supported our hypotheses, with >20% decrease in soil bacterial richness in well-mixed soil. While soil mixing resulted in increasingly dissimilar communities compared to unmixed soil (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; 0.75 vs. 0.25), well-mixed soil communities were increasingly self-similar. Our results imply that vast soil diversity may be attributed to the unmixed and spatially heterogeneous nature of soil, and also provide insight into soil communities following coalescence events. By isolating and better understanding the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dysconnectivity on soil microbial communities, we may better extrapolate how anthropogenic disturbances, such as climate change or land use change, may affect broad soil functions. One sentence summary Soil mixing decreases bacterial richness as several taxa dominate the community, providing evidence for homogenizing community assembly processes.


FrameNet is a resource based on Frame Semantics that comprises how languages account for daily situations linguistically. Frames represent information packets about how to convey information about a certain situation. This paper presents an approach to categorize texts by analysing the range of FrameNet situations that co-occur in a particular text. The set of FrameNet situations is used as a feature vector where the presence or absence of certain frames in a text is used to determine its category. Results show how our system was able to categorize texts in Spanish with high accuracy.


Free access to water and agricultural land, and sustainable sanitation can reduce food insecurity and enhance economic development in Palestine. This paper presents initial findings of an EU funded project to erect sustainable wastewater treatment and effluent recycling schemes for food security in Anza village. The project aimed at the erection of affordable and environmentally sound sanitation infrastructures considering community consultation and local regulatory rules. The feasibility study showed that low cost treatment options were neither sustainable nor cost effective compared with mechanised biological systems. Results of scoping sessions revealed that major stakeholders (village council members, women and farmers) are willing to accept and pay for environmentally sound and cost effective sanitation facilities. The study recommends the need for coordination between regulatory institutions, funding agencies and community to oversee and coordinate planning activities. Early community participation in the planning process facilitated proper technology selection considering the socio-political, financial and environmental aspects.


Using the existing engineering methodology of designing bolt joints taking up shear loads of dimension chains with gap elements according to N. N. Streletski and other authors' methodology give similar results, both for the analysis of single bolt joints accuracy and for that of multi-bolt joints. In this article there is considered the affect of gap elements number on the accuracy of multi-bolt joints. There is established the character of the intrinsic errors distribution functions interaction, particularly, limit displacements occurring when mounting single bolt joints, and errors distribution functions determining the accuracy of multi-bolt joints elements mutual orientation. There are considered theoretical schemes of forming setting errors for basic elements in the plane of formed joints for a more complicated case, when shearing forces cause element displacements not obligatory reaching limit values. An analysis of the revealed theoretical schemes for the formation of displacements of the installed elements in the plane of the formed bolted joints shows that the parameters of the displacement distribution are significantly different from the same parameters obtained when calculating dimensional chains with gap units.


Circular presenting a description of the Potez 37R2 military airplane, which is a two-place long-distance observation monoplane. Details of the design, construction, components, characteristics, drawings, and photographs are provided.


Objective: To study the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BUHWD) combined with edaravone in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Method: Ischemia-reperfusion injury in middle cerebral artery was induced by modified occlusion method. Ninety mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=18): sham operation group, model group, BYHWD group (10 ml/kg BYHWD by irrigation), edaravone (ED) group (3 mg/kg ED by injection via the tail vein), and BYHWD+ED group (3 mg/kg of the mixture by injection via the tail vein). The above drugs were given once daily for 7 days consecutively. Neurologic impairment scores were recorded for each group at 1, 3 and 7 d postoperatively. Infarct volume of the brain was assessed by TTC staining at 7 d postoperatively. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in the ischemic cortex were detected by Western Blot. The results were compared between the groups using one-way ANOVA. Pairwise comparison was done by LSD t-test. Results: After ischemia-reperfusion, neurologic impairment scores decreased over time. For the same time point, the score of the model group was the highest and that of the combined treatment group was the lowest (P<0.01). At 7 d after surgery, the ischemia area of BYHWD+ED group was the smallest (P<0.01). After treatments, all groups showed a decline in apoptotic cells (P<0.05). Upregulation of Bcl-2 with downregulation of Bax and Caspase-3 was the most significant in BYHWD+ED group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combined treatment had a synergistic neuroprotective effect in mice following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The working mechanism was related to reduction in cell apoptosis and regulation of proteins in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.


Objective To compare the effects of transferring adenoviral vector carrying LacZ gene from the two different pathways:lateral ventricular injection and cerebral parenchyma injection.Methods Injections of Ad5 CMV LacZ vector(20 μl,1.01×105 pfu/ml) into the lateral ventricle,medial septal nucleus-diagonal complex,caudate-putmen and hippocampus were given,respectively.Affer 3-28 days of injection,the rats were sacrificed to detect the transfected and expressed cells in the above four brain areas by means of X-gal histochemistry.Results Three days After infection,the cells from the lateral ventricle to the fourth ventricle,and to the spinal cord were transfected and expressed.7-28 days affer injection,the cells in medial septal nucleus-diagonal complex,hippocampus and caudate-putman were transfected and expressed.Conclusion The above gene deliveries of adenoviral vector to the brain are potential pathways for transferring a target gene to treating brain diseases.


Abstract Cricket is a national sport in some countries and can be potentially hazardous. We report an incident of a cricket ball impact to the chin, which resulted in posterior dislocation of both temporomandibular joints and bilateral mixed deafness. There appear to be no similar case reports in the literature.


Coal being transported on the Denniston Incline, possibly near the top. Taken by John Dobree Pascoe in 1945.
Original caption reads: "A truck at the top of the Denniston Incline down which coal is taken to the railway on the coastal plain far below. At its steepest pitch, the incline falls at a grade of 1 in 1.34."
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).


We propose a process for fabricating one-dimensional Si nanowires with a point contact. The nanowire structure can be easily obtained through two steps: KOH etching of a {110} Si layer of a silicon on insulator substrate and sufficient oxidation of the Si patterns formed by etching. In the etching process, vertical sidewalls comprised of {111} planes are formed into a wire. In addition, other {111} planes, projecting obliquely along the vertical sidewalls, spontaneously appear in the etched substrate. This is due to the fact that the etching proceeds as {111} planes appear because the etch rate of the {111} plane is the lowest of all planes. The bottom-corner region of two inclined {111} planes becomes a point-contact structure by making the distance between two inclined planes appropriate. The oxidation process converts the two-dimensional wire into one-dimensional nanowire by the stress-dependent oxidation phenomena of the Si wire. Consequently, a Si nanowire with a point contact can be formed in the bo...


The industry robot generally refers the robot, which is used in the mechanical manufacturing industry, replacing the human to complete the mass and high request work. This thesis is based on the structure of 4-DOF SCARA robot arm and investigates the problem of the analysis and optimization of the structure of robot arm according to the requirement of system for the rapid response and smooth work.


Continuous and incoherent laser range finder is presented, based on repeating transmission of Legendre amplitude codes and post detection compression. The cyclic correlation sidelobes of the sequences are identically zero. The concept is demonstrated experimentally.


This paper presents a decision support system for contractors specialized in concrete floor finishing, making optimal use of available technology in automation. The paper presents a computer simulation model for concrete slab-on-grade construction considering different levels of automation that integrate conventional manual, semi-automated, and robotic work processes. The data used in the simulation was obtained through a survey of Montreal area ready-mix concrete plants, structured interviews with contractors, and site visits. The computer model is developed to assist those speciality contractors in selecting the most effective level of automation for their respective work environments and in visualizing the impact of the production rate of each individual task on the completion time of the entire process.


Among matters that occupy the mind of people since early history are fears of the unknown and death that have most likely triggered the need for a patronizing superpower, namely, God. Limited understanding of surrounding wonders, hard survival, and refusal to comply with our relatively short life span have probably prompted this need, which intensified with growing hostility among tribes and rising civilizations fighting over territory, resources and leadership. Although physical power has always been a dominating factor in these human struggles (as is among animals), the developed brain and verbal communication provided an additional powerful tool used by smart individuals and minorities to gain control over ignorant, frightened masses. In convincing the audience about their ability to convey prayers and requests to the 'heavenly patron', God, these people (e.g., Shamans, Prophets, Priests, Monks, Rabies, Islamic preachers) have actually constituted a new status, 'sanctified mediators', from which the road to establishment of a new religious movement, based on an unusual individual, was paved. To ratify their sacred status, these people cleverly attributed the creation of the world (still an unsolved issue) to God, and formed a virtual reality accompanied by rituals that attracted the masses. They exploited the need of people for a patronizing superpower to constitute a religion that provided 'answers' to the rising curiosity, limited scientific knowledge, and spiritual requirements of the masses, but also to gain superiority as well as advance their own abundance and wealth. Not only that people now had a God to lean on, the sanctified mediators further strengthened their status by composing social and religious rules with an entire set of orders (do and don't do) and worships that included prayers and ceremonies, aiming to please God and obtain his mercy and support. In administrating the worships these mediators utilized the amazing obedience consent of people to satisfy their spiritual needs, and so they took control over the masses.


The invention includes a robotic device (1) having a kinematic chain of a plurality of mutually movable components (2, 3, 4), with a sensor device (7) which is designed to detect a force and / or moment which or which is applied to at least one of the movable components (2, 3, 4), having a control device (8), which is designed to force detected in dependence of the of the sensor device (7) and / or from the sensor means (7) detected torque a movement of at least one of the movable components (2, 3, 4) to control in the direction of the force applied, and further comprising a first detecting means (9) which is coupled to the control means (8), one for the contactless detection of a control action operator, wherein the control means (8) is adapted to control action detected in a normal operation mode in response to the detection by the first means (9) a mobility of zumi nd one of the movable components (2, 3, 4) to specify, by using at least one of the control action associated with predetermined movement is made possible or blocked in order to improve accuracy and reliability of a robotic device (1) in cooperation with a human operator.


Alexander Nareyek GMD | FIRST German National Research Center for Information Technology Research Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology Rudower Chaussee 5 D 12489 Berlin, Germany firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Although domains like a continuous workow planning are promising application candidates for constraint programming techniques, conventional constraint satisfaction representations and algorithms are not expressive and reactive enough. Thus, the present work extends and combines the concept of structural constraint satisfaction problems with the use of local search and global constraints.


[Objective]To discuss the clinical value of TcP02 in determining the ideal plane of amputation in type 2 diabetic foot amputation.To achieve limb salvage as much as possible and raise healing rate after amputation,in order to improve the quality of life in patients.[Methods]Parts of the use of the TcP02 check to take 40 mmHg above the amputation plane waiting for amputation diabetic foot surgery,and clinical and experience of the surgeon judgment to choose a plane of patients suitable for amputation wound healing and postoperative complications of the line contrast,and for statistical analysis.[Results] TcPO2 group prognosis was significandy better than the group of clinical and experience to judge.There were significant differences between the two groups.[Conclusion]TcPO2 measurement is an economic,reliable,reproducible,simple operation, a non - invasive,guide to select a reliable indicator of the amputation plane.It is a useful tool helping us to decide the amputation level in.


The end-users are dominant clients of cyber-informatics service providers. The Requirements Engineering is bringing new approaches for it, whilst suitable language, modelling, simulating and evaluating apparatus and methodology are fundamental solution of this problem, as is proposed in our new apparatus UML, (UP)/DYVELOP. Any specialists from diverse branches and in many environments can easy manage these apparatus and methodology without sophisticated preliminary disposition. They are available to model on mass serving computers dynamical temporal events even. Here introduced useCase - the CAMouflage will be superior to display & simulate dynamic events in live on-line PowerPoint presentation, which will be dramatized in Santander finally.


The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and Mathematical Performance (MP) of a sample of Pakistani students. A quantitative research approach was used to find out participants' WMC and to discover its relationship with their MP. A sample of 1186 participants' from fifty seven public sector secondary schools in Lahore, through multistage random sampling was selected for this research. Figure Intersection Test was used to measure WMC where as Mathematics Performance Test was used to measure MP. Data were analyzed by using computer software SPSS version 15. The results showed a notable difference in WMC and MP due to gender. Performance of male students on Mathematics Performance Test was better than the performance of female students in the same test. In addition, WMC and MP of English medium students was better than Urdu medium students. Overall, WMC was highly connected with MP. Three groups of WMC (low, medium and high) were significantly different from each other in scores of both Figure Intersection Test and Mathematics Performance Test. Low performance in mathematics is may be due to overloaded working memory; therefore, this study has recommended that curriculum designers may take advantage of this research while selecting mathematical topics for nine graders.


Knowledge management is widely discussed, but scarcely supported with tools and information systems. Configurators capture knowledge from product design, marketing and sales. By that configurators support three of the core processes of knowledge management: distribution, usage and preservation of knowledge. Constraint-based configurators and other model-based reasoning systems provide the technology which suits the requirements of knowledge management. Ease of maintenance of a configurator's knowledge base corresponds to its usefulness for knowledge management.


Disciplinary professionalization often leads to greater formalization, including the evolution of structured training, newly created roles, and solidification of core knowledge and knowledge boundaries. During the formalization process, informal training and roles are often supplanted, but can continue to exist in subtle or unique ways. As in other fields, outcomes of the professionalization of faculty development include improved outcomes for faculty as well as markers of formalization - e.g., journals, certifications, and even organizational units specific to faculty development. However, little is known about how this formalization has impacted the informal roles and activities that previously served as faculty development in academia. This study derives from a workshop designed to document and share stories of ongoing efforts towards informal faculty development by engineering faculty. The study identified externalities that negatively impact efforts towards peer growth by non-professionalized faculty developers. The participants were unable to articulate a role in creating peer development independent of participation in and advocacy for formal systems of faculty development. Participants were unsure what they could do, what they were allowed to do, and whether such work could be named faculty development. They saw the importance of both informal faculty development work but seem to lack agency in naming such work as faculty development because it exists outside of the structured and professionalized sphere of modern faculty development. Implications of the findings for faculty developers and the ongoing evolution of faculty development are discussed.


In the paper we present a robust integrated fault-tolerant flight control system that accommodates for different types of control effector failures, even while rejecting state-dependent disturbances. It is shown that a variable structure adjustment of disturbance estimates yields a stable system despite simultaneous presence of failures and disturbances. The overall system is also capable of distinguishing between failures and disturbances. The properties of the proposed algorithms are illustrated on a medium-fidelity simulation of Boeing's Tailless Advanced Fighter Aircraft (TAFA), a variant of X-36 UAV.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). Reported first in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19) and by March 11, 2020, WHO declare it as a global pandemic.
Human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs mainly between family members, including relatives and friends who are close contacts with the patients or with the incubatory carriers. Till date the transmission of COVID-19 is still uncontrollable. This retrospective study is done keeping in view about the limited availability of sex and age disaggregated data regarding Covid 19 positive patients so as to better understand the impact of sex and gender on incidence and case fatality of the disease in relation to treatment. In our study out of 58,971 nasopharyngeal samples, 555 samples came out to be positive by RT-PCR and they were further distributed according to age, gender and symptoms to see the co relations of these factors in regard to covid 19 positivity. As early identification of risk factors not only will help to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics but also to facilitate the appropriate supportive care and treatment and prompt access to the intensive care units.

Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 virus, WHO, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Acute Lung Injury (ALI).


The development of conversational agents that can generate relevant and meaningful replies is a challenging task in the field of natural language processing. Context and predictive capabilities are crucial factors that humans rely on for effective communication. Prior studies have had a significant limitation in that they do not adequately consider the relationship between utterances in conversations when generating responses. This study aims to address this limitation by proposing a novel method that comprehensively models the contextual information of the current utterance for response generation. A commonly used approach is to rely on the information of the current utterance to generate the corresponding response, and as such it does not take advantage of the context of a multi-turn conversation. In our proposal, different from other studies, we will use a bi-directional context in which the historical direction helps the model remember information from the past in the conversation, while the future direction enables the model to anticipate its impact afterward. We combine a Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence model and the reinforcement learning algorithm to achieve our goal. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model through qualitative evaluation of some generated samples, in which the proposed model increases 24% average BLEU score and 29% average ROUGE score compared to the baseline model. This result also shows that our proposed model improves from 5% to 151% for the average BLEU score compared with previous related studies.


Initiation and propagation mechanisms of the spontaneous polymerization of the system nitroethylene–isobutyl vinyl ether were studied. An equimolar mixture of these two monomers gives white precipitates below room temperature, though they react explosively to give viscous products at higher temperature. The precipitate was found to be composed of a polynitroethylene and a cycloadduct of these two monomers. The isolated cycloadduct product is so reactive that it not only polymerizes itself spontaneously but also initiates the polymerization of nitroethylene. The polymerization of the cycloadduct was revealed to proceed without termination to produce an alternate copolymer of these two monomers. These results indicate that the explosive spontaneous polymerization of this system consists of three elementary reaction processes; (1) cycloaddition reaction between two monomers, (2) anionic polymerization of nitroethylene induced by the cycloadduct, and (3) the living ring-opening polymerization of the cyclo-adduct.


Object oriented design is becoming more popular in software development environment and object oriented design metrics are essential parts of software environment. Many new metrics are being proposed for object-oriented systems, but only few have been validated. The primary purpose of this paper is to analytically and empirically validate a set of metrics that can be used to measure the quality of an object-oriented design in terms of the using class inheritance (generalization and specialization). Analytical description for each metric is considered depending on the obtained results from the practical use of these metrics.


As a kind of special environmental geological problem of geological hazard,urban slope stability and human activity induced land slide is a brand\|new topic in this field.The ever\|increasing problem has influenced social\|economical situation,so it is very necessary to study and discuss urbanization\|induced landslide.Taken Dalian city as an example,the article presents characteristics of urbanization\|induced landslide,the formation,the methods of classify and studying,the preventation and counter\|measures are also discussed in the paper.


The main factor of the current global recession is a non-economic nature, i.e. the main cause of the global recession is the Covid-19 pandemic. For this reason, we cannot compare the current economic situation with some earlier economic crises. The employment decreasing is a basic feature of every crisis that has gripped the world. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic led to the closure of a large number of countries, i.e. we can freely say almost the entire world, which resulted in an increase in the unemployment rate. All future research should be focused on creating a labor market that will be less susceptible to the negative effects of world crises. The research work indicates that the labor market of the Republic of Serbia is extremely inherent in the impact of the global recession, i.e. the unemployment rate in the Republic of Serbia increased during the Covid-19 pandemic.


The relative contribution of measurement uncertainty to combined measurement and sampling uncertainty is investigated in the context of Measurement and Verification (M&V) projects where the whole population is not metered. An example of an M&V energy meter conforming to the 0.5S accuracy class is considered. Using normal distribution statistics and realistic ranges for the relevant parameters, it is found that measurement uncertainty makes a negligible contribution to the overall uncertainty for electricity metering cases where population variance is not unusually low. The case of instruments other than electricity meters, such as thermocouples, is considered, and it is found that in such cases measurement uncertainty may make a material contribution to overall uncertainty. The relationship between energy project risk and M&V meter accuracy is defined and explored by using the example of a single metered facility. It is found that installing higher accuracy meters does not guarantee a decrease in project risk in performance contracting situations where guaranteed or shared savings models are adopted. These methods and results are useful for energy professionals when making metering decisions in the context of project cost and risk. Energy Use Measurement Uncertainty in M&V Three kinds of uncertainty have been identified in the M&V context: measurement uncertainty, sampling uncertainty, and modelling uncertainty. To date, most work has focussed on sampling uncertainty and modelling uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty has been assumed to be negligible. In this paper, we will investigate the contribution of measurement uncertainty relative to sampling uncertainty in the M&V context, establishing limits to when this assumption holds, and how these numbers influence project decisions. From the outset it should be noted that the relative contribution of measurement uncertainty can only be considered when there are other sources of uncertainty, such as sampling. In cases where all facilities are metered or revenue meter data are used, measurement uncertainty is the only source of uncertainty, other than that arising from the mathematical model. The trade-off between installing higher or lower accuracy meters in such a case is explored in the section 'Meter Selection and Risk Mitigation'. Although the project risk associated with measurement uncertainty has been identified by both researchers and practitioners (Lee, Lam & Lee 2015), it has not been addressed in literature, to our knowledge. Related investigations have been performed, for example in the American Society for Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers' (ASHRAE) Guideline RA96: Engineering Analysis of Experimental Data (ASHRAE 1986), a comprehensive introduction to handling uncertainty in engineering measurements is provided. ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings (ASHRAE 2002) catalogues the accuracies for different measurement equipment used in this study, and also contains further methods for calculation. Regarding financial decision support for Energy Performance Contracting (EPC), risk has been analysed from an economic perspective using Monte Carlo analysis (Jackson 2010) and the US Department of Energy's EnergyPlus software (Lee et al. 2013). Deng et al. (2015) provide a useful summary of the design of energy performance contracts under uncertainty. Bayesian methods have also been implemented for building simulation covariate calibration and uncertainty analysis (Heo, Choudhary & Augenbroe 2012; Heo & Zavala, 2012), and following from that, quantitative risk analysis for decision support in retrofit project planning was explored (Heo, Augenbroe & Choudhary 2013). These studies focus on simulation accuracy rather than metering decision making. Finally, some of the most relevant research on this topic is in the area of legal metrology, where measurement uncertainty and cost are traded off in a decision support framework (Pendrill & Källgren 2006). The focus of their study is conformance to a given standard rather than the verification of individual measurements, and risk was viewed from a government perspective as a function of the cost to society. Governance Structure In the South African context, an M&V Team is an independent third party verifying the savings achieved by the Energy Services Company (Esco) also called the Project Developer (PD), on behalf of a client or facility owner. These energy efficiency or demand side management projects are usually incentivized by the national electricity utility, Eskom, or initiatives such as the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism. Measurement and Verification with reporting inside given uncertainty bounds is usually stipulated in the contract. Meters can be purchased by the sponsor, Eskom, although for private projects or to expedite utility projects, the client often purchases meters. Examples in this paper will assume such governance structures.


Somatic Cell Count (SCC) is an important parameter of milk quality due to its association with a disease of great incidence in dairy herds, mastitis. This way, it is an objective in animal breeding programs the selection of animals less susceptible to this disease in order to reduce production losses and changes on milk composition. Because of the non-normal distribution of SCC, its logarithmic transformation (somatic cell score, SCS) is generally used to allow the adoption of methodologies whose normality of residuals is one of the assumptions. However, with the advancement of computational tools, it is possible to evaluate this trait in its original scale by using the methodology of generalized linear model (GMLM). The aim in this research was to compare the selection of Holstein cows according to the predicted breeding value for SCS using a mixed linear model (LMM) and GMLM for SCC. Monthly collected phenotypes (n = 12,727) of SCC and SCS of 2,010 primiparous cows from four herds were used. Data were collected between 5 and 305 days in milk (DIM) and it was considered only animals with more than 4 measurements during the lactation. Variance components and breeding values for SCS were obtained through a MLM whereas a MGLM was used for SCC, considering the logarithmic function as the link between SCC and the linear predictor. Therefore, a normal distribution and Poisson distribution were assumed for SCS and SCC, respectively. Both models included the fixed effects of contemporary groups, the covariable of the logarithm of DIM at the milk test-day, and the random effects of animal and permanent environment. Spearman correlation was used to compare the cows' ranking according to the breeding value obtained for SCS and SCC. The analyses were ran in the pedigreemm R package. The correlation was high, with a value equal to 0.85, indicating that the original and transformed trait represent the same phenomenon. The number of animals in common between the rankings considering the top 10% (n = 201), 20% (n = 402) and 40% individuals (n = 804) were 129, 289 and 654, respectively. The use of the transformed variable had low impact on animal selection compared to the variable in its original scale. Thus, the selection based on SCS would be preferable, due to the greater availability of softwares that use LMM for genetic evaluation and the adoption of this methodology for other traits of economic interest.


The Cu-Zn-Al bifunctional slurry catalyst was prepared by a complete liquid phase method and characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The effects of Al content and Cu/Zn molar ratio on the catalytic activity of the catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas were investigated. The competitive enrichment of Zn and Al on the catalyst surface was dominating, and increasing the Cu content could not obviously increase the Cu amount on the catalyst surface. This is because Al was enriched faster on the catalyst surface than Cu under the reaction conditions in the case of the catalyst with higher Cu content. The catalyst with n(Cu)∶n(Zn)∶n(Al)=2∶1∶4 had the most favorable bulk structure and surface properties, such as the least Cu particle size, the highest dispersion degree, the excellent reductive character, the most strong interaction between metals, and the biggest probable pore radius. Therefore, this catalyst showed the best catalytic performance.


We present the case of a 44‐year‐old woman with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and a dual chamber pacemaker. The patient suffered from inappropriate sinus tachycardia that had been resistant to treatment with traditional rate‐slowing medications. Ivabradine—the specific sinus node If current inhibitor—was used to successfully lower the heart rate. The patient had no evidence of POTS on repeat autonomic function testing, and there was a corresponding symptomatic benefit. We propose that this class of drugs, the use of which is established as antianginals, should be considered in patients with resistant inappropriate sinus tachycardia.


Aiming at the problems of high time-consuming and insufficient guarantee of high-priority task completion in the large-scale multi-satellite multi-observation mission planning application, a multi-satellite multi-mission planning model based on preemptive priority model is proposed. Combined with the whole-neighborhood greedy search strategy, an improved tabu search algorithm is designed, taking the combination of satellite observation windows as the decision variables. The designed algorithm realizes an efficient solver to the proposed mission planning model. The simulation results show that the average solving time of the algorithm is 144s under the problem scale of 100 satellites and 3000 tasks. Compared with the existing algorithm, the calculation time is shortened by at least 75% under the premise that the total number of planning tasks is comparable, which is more in line with the high time efficiency requirements for satellite mission planning in engineering applications.


mrh.2011.0296 Auteur(s) : Mihai Nechifor firstname.lastname@example.com Department of pharmacology, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania Correspondence. Mihai Nechifor, Department of Pharmacology, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii 16, Iasi 700115 Romania, Tel. 0040-232-220875, 0040-744-50-8642. The very interesting paper of Pickering et al. [1] raises the issue of the involvement of this cation in different types of pain. Pain is very [...]


Motivated by rapid advances in solar blind ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs), filters and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), together with unique UV atmospheric propagation characteristics, a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) UV communication test-bed has been recently built and utilized for extensive experimental evaluation of performance of NLOS UV links in outdoor environments. Towards this end, key link components are first characterized and their limitations are identified. The tradeoffs among communication range, received number of photons, and bit-error-rate are revealed via field measurement results. Wavelength diversity is achieved by utilizing combinations of sources and detectors centered at different wavelengths in the solar blind band. It is demonstrated that signals can be reliably transmitted to their destinations of dozens of meters away through an NLOS channel. Although all reported results in this paper are based on open field experiments, it is found that reflections from surrounding objects such as trees and buildings can enhance the received signal strength, up to an order of magnitude increase in the received number of photons in some cases, thus significantly improving link performance.


To the problem that the application software projects are hard to promote,the coordination interiorly,the use,the method and the matters needing to be paid attention of an organization in using the advantages of the rights to promote the software projects are analysed.Using the advantages of the rights can be used to clarify the aim,take the initiative and prevent troubles before they happen.It can form an atmosphere of attaching importance to project and can raise the priority of project,assure the key points such as the schedule of project,promoting the demanding confirming,function designing confirming,system onto line and acceptance checking.The method including establishing trust with leaders,even building up a friendship,establishing system of regularly report,reporting in written,submitting plans,listing the gains and losses,submitting to make decisions,and so on.Using the advantages of the rights needs to select staff and situation,and do not bully the weak by relying on powerful connections.


This study aims at presenting the comprehensive insight on the commodification of Tektekan Calonarang in Puri Anyar Kerambitan which uses sacred barong and rangda for tourism. The data was collected through observation, in depth-interview, and literature study. The collected data then analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The theories of deconstruction, social practice, aesthetic, and power/knowledge are used to undertake this study. The results of the study reveal that positive and negative influences of tourism occur in the context of traditional performing arts. The emergence of creativity is very evident in the rapid development of various types of performing arts in Bali including the increasing number of art activists, but at the same time several sacred dances including ritual procession elements, such as Tektekan Calonarang in Puri Anyar Kerambitan have become in between sacred or profane because they have been shown to tourists.


Objective To explore the differences between ipsilateral and contralateral neglect patients in the location, range or extent of the decrease of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Methods The dextromanual patients who were diagnosed as with unilateral stroke clinically and contralateral or ipsilateral neglect by line bisection test underwent SPECT rCBF imaging. Results On SPECT imaging, for the patients with ipsilateral neglect the stroke lesion could be found in either hemisphere and mostly in frontal cortex; central sulcus, parietal and occipital cortex were the second most common sites. The patients with contralateral neglect had damages in the frontal cortex mostly, parietal and temporal cortex secondly. There were no significant difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral neglect patients in rCBF, the decrease percentage of rCBF, the extent, number of foci and the flow deficit size. Conclusions The patients with the lesion in either left or right hemisphere may contract ipsilateral neglect. There is no significant difference between the patients with ipsilateral neglect and the patients with contralateral neglect in the location and the number of the foci, and the extent of the decrease of rCBF.


Tuberculosis is one of the most widespread disease in the world, and can be deadly in patients with AIDS worldwide. The course of treatment is long (3-9) months, often need combination therapy to decrease microbial resistance, some of these drugs have serious side effects and undesirable physicochemical properties like, gastric irritation, short T1/2 (pas), hepatic toxicity and extensive metabolism by the liver (INH), through N-acetyl transferase enzyme. So by using this approach we hope reduction of gastrointestinal toxicity of PAS and reduction of intestinal acetylation of Isoniazid. This drug was synthesized by amidation of free amine group of INH with free carboxyl group of glycine from one side and amidation of carboxyl group of PAS after protection of it, and amino group of glycine from other side, here amidation was done by using coupling agent (DCC) using conventional solution method and it was identified by the following methods: melting point, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the elemental analysis(CHN). The synthesized compound showed better partition coefficient compared with the original apromoiety (PAS,INH).


Presented in this paper is a method for controlling vibrations ofa redundant flexible-joint manipulator. The main idea behind this method is to utilize joint redundancy to minimize the change in the manipulator inertia, so that a simple gain-fixed control law can be used to control joint vibrations. For this purpose, two optimal joint trajectory generators are proposed; one is based on the extended Jacobian method and the other is based on an optimization technique. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


The kinetics on the thermal decomposition of MnCO 3 was investigated. The parameters in the kinetic equations were worked out. The results showed that the decomposition reaction of MnCO 3 follows the shrinking core model, and the control step is chemical reaction; the oxidation of MnO obeys the grain pellet model, during the initial period, the oxidation reaction is simultaneously controlled by reaction and diffusion, and later by diffusion only. The diffusion of oxygen in MnO 2 products layer is a restraining factor of MnO oxidation, the effective method of speeding up MnO oxidation rate is changing the structure of the MnO 2 products layer in order to make it become porous, loosened and enlarged the diffusion coefficient of oxygen.


7KH(cid:3)RULJLQ(cid:3)RI(cid:3)‡7ZR(cid:3)&KLQD(cid:3)4XHVWLRQ·(cid:3)LV(cid:3)RIWHQ(cid:3)GHVFULEHG(cid:3)DV(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)RXWFRPH(cid:3)RI(cid:3)&KLQ ese Civil War in 1949 between Kuomintang (KMT) and Communist Party of China (CPC). It ideologically divided China into two countries which still claimed to be the righteous government of Chinese people. It remains salient until now. This paper will discuss the origin of this significant phenomenon by pointing out that the Empire of Japan by that time had importantly involved in the partition of China. Since 1895, the first Sino-Japanese war, it marked the first separation of Chinese-speaking people, Taiwan, from Chinese administration. Taiwan underwent industrial and agricultural development by Imperial Japan which lately supported defeated KMT government to lay its establishment in Taiwan. In the mid of Chinese Civil War in 1931, Manchuria incident halted the annihilation of CPC by KMT who inevitably had to turn their attention to Japanese invasion. CPC survived from the abyss of extinction and launched the famous long march. In 1937, Marco Polo incident ignited the second Sino-Japanese war and abided KMT to form its alliance with CPC against Imperial Japan. The war consumed .07¶V(cid:3)


ABSTRACT— We present a case of priapism caused by the alpha adrenoreceptor blocking action of a butyrophenone. The problem was solved surgically performing a cavernousspongiosum fistula.


Expression profiling studies have suggested that HER2‐amplified breast cancers constitute a heterogeneous group that may be subdivided according to their ER status: HER2‐amplified ER‐positive breast carcinomas that fall into the luminal B cluster; and HER2‐amplified ER‐negative cancers which form a distinct molecular subgroup, known as the erbB2 or HER2 subgroup. ER‐negative breast cancer differs significantly from ER‐positive disease in the pattern, type, and complexity of genetic aberrations. Here we have compared the genomic profiles of ER‐positive and ER‐negative HER2‐amplified cancers using tiling path microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Validation of the differentially amplified regions was performed in an independent series of 70 HER2‐amplified breast cancers. Although HER2‐amplified cancers had remarkably complex patterns of molecular genetic aberrations, ER‐positive and ER‐negative HER2‐amplified breast carcinomas shared most molecular genetic features as defined by aCGH. Genome‐wide Fisher's exact test analysis revealed that less than 1.5% of the genome was significantly differentially gained or lost in ER‐positive versus ER‐negative HER2‐amplified cancers. However, two regions of amplification were significantly associated with ER‐positive carcinomas, one of which mapped to 17q21.2 and encompassed GJC1, IGFBP4, TNS4, and TOP2A. Chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis of an independent validation series confirmed the association between ER status and TOP2A amplification. In conclusion, although hormone receptor status does not determine the overall genetic profile of HER2‐amplified breast cancers, specific genetic aberrations may be characteristic of subgroups of HER2 breast cancers. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The creation of Dunia Abjad Kita app is that the app is still lacking in Malay language version is in the open market as Android Market and Apple Store. Because of that, this app is built for multiply more educational apps that use the Malay language. This is because, in the open market there is an app that is using the Indonesia language and Language English version. Features of this app which is we use our Malay language, animation is interesting, attractive interface, follow a syllabus and have easy access to use it. This application was developed in conjunction with experienced experts in the field of mobile application development and creative content. This app is a mobile device application that can be installed on tablet devices and smartphones which user can find at open market such as Google Play and Apple Store. Our target customers beside from open market are organization such as KEMAS and kindergarten owner (private sector). This will increase sales target. Also we can provide them their own branding if they want to use it. With this application, it is expected that preschool children can get good benefits such as literacy and quick read.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a holistic approach to the assessment of dynamic capabilities (DCs). Holistic refers to incorporating all DCs of an organisation relevant for determining and executing the firm's strategy.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase study was conducted. First, secondary sources, such as media, industry and annual reports, are being used to initially assess CASE (connected, autonomous, shared and electric) and implications for incumbent car manufacturers in a structured way. Second, semi-structured interviews with automotive managers and further automotive stakeholders offer in-depth insights into CASE, as well as incumbents' strategies and the underlying rationale.FindingsThe proposed framework for assessing DCs offers a holistic approach and provides new angles of analysis. First, the time dimension is considered using scenarios since timing is vital in strategy and implementation. Second, capabilities are broken down into technological and non-technological, sharpening strategic decision-making of automakers. Third, the analysis considers external VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) as they interplay with internal DCs.Research limitations/implicationsFurther testing of the proposed DC assessment approach offers a promising opportunity for future research. This paper focuses on the automotive industry, but it is worth investigating the extent to which the approach can be used in other dynamic industries, such as finance or retail.Originality/valueThe approach proposed highlights the importance and nuances of considering external perspectives in the DC assessment and the relevance of non-technological capabilities in the automotive industry. Thereby, it contributes to the literature on capability assessments and the operationalisability of the DC lens.


Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. A primary tumor forms when cells start to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and stop reacting to restraining signals. Tumors that reach a critical volume induce angiogenesis, a vascular remodeling process that provides nutrients and oxygen to the degenerated cell mass. Upon further tumor progression to a malignant cancer, cells acquire the ability to invade the surrounding tissue. In order to do so, formerly epithelial tumor cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process of cell-cell detachment, breaching through the basement membrane and gaining migratory capabilities is the first step of the metastatic cascade. Metastasis is a process that allows tumor cells to leave the primary lesion and disseminate via the vascular system to secondary sites. Metastases, as the fatal feature of cancer, lead in most of the cases to patients' death.
Furthermore, metastasis, as the end stage of malignant disease, until now is incurable. This is because metastases are spread systemically throughout the body. Moreover, they even can establish from a disseminated tumor cell months after the primary tumor has already been surgically removed. Another barely controllable feature of cancer is tumor relapse. Even after a thorough surgery with the aim to completely remove the primary tumor and eventual draining lymph nodes combined with chemotherapy, patients relapse. Resistance to chemotherapy and establishment of metastases has both been accounted for to the abundance of cancer stem cells (CSC) within the tumor mass. These CSCs are endowed with the ability to evade chemotherapeutic drugs, they are mesenchymal in nature, migratory and invasive, and, most importantly, they are able to establish cancer and metastasis de novo.
The work of my thesis has been dedicated to investigate the process of metastasis and the function of cancer initiation. Tumor initiation has recently been associated with EMT. To understand the functional circumstances how EMT cells gain the ability to form tumors, I used cellular murine breast cancer models. These model systems allowed me to study cells' behavior before and after EMT in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments validated the observation of others that EMT cells indeed resemble cancer stem cells by being able to form hollow spheres and being susceptible to the CSC-specific drug salinomycin. In vivo studies revealed that EMT cells initiate tumors with a much earlier onset and with a higher efficiency when limited amounts of cells were injected orthotopically into mice compared to their epithelial counterpart. Moreover, EMT cell-generated cancers are highly vascularized already in the early phase of tumor establishment. Knockdown studies of the main pro-angiogenic factor VEGF-A revealed that it is required for early tumor onset. Thus, tumor angiogenesis is not only an effect of early and fast EMT-tumor progression. Further supporting this notion are limiting dilution experiments, which suggest that tumor initiation in EMT cells is a multifactorial event. This concept was validated by the observation that 10 EMT cells could initiate a tumor, whereas VEGF‑A knockdown cells could not. Hence, EMT-induced tumor initiation is achieved by the ability of promoting angiogenesis.
EMT can be induced by the cytokine TGFβ. Normally, cells that experience TGFβ signaling become quiescent or die due to induction of apoptosis. Cancer cells can overcome these effects and react to TGFβ by undergoing EMT. As part of my thesis, I could show that the transcription factor Dlx2 is an important switch that allows cells to react to TGFβ by undergoing EMT without facing apoptosis induction. Dlx2 exerts its anti-apoptotic, pro-survival function by directly reducing TGFβRI expression and inducing the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand betacellulin.
Another feature of EMT is the gain of cell motility. Cell migration is extremely important for cancer cells in order to leave their primary site and to disseminate. I have found ephrinB2 expression upregulated during EMT. EphrinB2 is a member of the Eph-ephrin signaling network that is known to be crucial for cell-cell communication. Thereby, cells that do not belong to the same entity repulse each other, restricting intermingling of tissue. Furthermore, ephrinB2 is required for neuronal axon guidance and angiogenesis. In my thesis, I showed that EMT cells need ephrinB2 to efficiently migrate. As an explanation for this phenotype I described that a knockdown for ephrinB2 led to an over-stabilization of focal adhesions. Cells normally use focal adhesions to hold on to an extracellular matrix (ECM) surface. Over-stabilization of focal adhesions attaches cells too firmly to the ECM and, hence, cells cannot retract their rear-end anymore which decreases cell motility.
In summary, I succeeded in gathering further insights into tumor initiation, EMT, and with this, the metastatic process.


The accomplishments of the 1984 International Conference on Population were described from the prespective of Alexei Nevzorov the head of the USSR delegation to the conference. The 1984 conference reaffirmed the basic principles enunciated at the 1974 International Conference on Population. The 1984 participants declared that population problems can only be solved through economic and social progress and that population growth is an integral factor in development. Several conference documents indicated that 3rd World countries recognize that the solution to population problems resides in socioeconomic transformation and that population policies are not an adequate substitute for socioeconomic policies. It is now widely recognized that the Malthusian threat was imaginary and that the food problem is due to maldistribution rather than food shortages. The platform adopted by the conference recognized that 1) governments must play an active role in promoting family welfare employment and health care 2) couples must have the right to control their own fertility and 3) the status of women must be upgraded. The USSR has consistently supported these objectives. The USSR continues to support the efforts of developing countries to establish a new international order and recognizes that demographic and economic problems cannot be solved unless peace is assured through disarmament. The US reversed its position on population issues between 1974-84. In the past the US maintained that population growth was the primary cause of poverty. Now the US maintains a neutral position on population growth. At the 1984 conference the US unsuccessfully attempted to gain approval for a proposal recommending that countries solve their economic and demographic problems by adopting a free enterprise system. The conference provided an opportunity to exchange ideas and to focus on issues central to development.


"If I look at the mass I will never act. If I look at one, I will." This statement, uttered by Mother Teresa, captures a powerful and deeply unsettling insight into human nature: Most people are caring and will exert great effort to rescue "the one" whose needy plight comes to their attention. But these same people often become numbly indifferent to the plight of "the one" who is part of a much greater problem. Why does this occur? The answer to this question will help us answer a related question: Why do good people and their governments ignore mass murder and genocide? A paper based on a 2009 talk by Paul Slovic on this subject is available.


Eternity and Omniscience

This paper addresses the problem of the relationship between the two attributes: eternity and omniscience. Einstein's theory of relativity and the related concept of time allows for a convincing reinterpretation of the classical conception of eternity as timelessness. I introduce this conception in the terms proposed by two analytical Thomists,Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann. Given their conception of eternity, we can consistently define other attributes of the absolute being and defend the strong concept of omniscience.

Keywords: God's attributes, omniscience, time, Eleonore Stump, Norman Kretzmann, conception of eternity.


BACKGROUND
Contaminants in wastewater generated from oilfield with either negative or positive surface charges is normally very difficult to remove by traditional flocculants owing to their strong pH-dependence and high health risks. Natural polymer flocculants, especially chitosan-based flocculants have attracted much interest for their environmental friendliness, excellent flocculation efficiencies and cost-effectiveness recently.

RESULTS
A series of amphoteric chitosan-based grafting flocculants (CM-chi)-g-PDMDAAC (denoted as CgPD) were successfully synthesized by grafting diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) onto carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chi) with different grafting ratios. By carboxymethyl and grafting modification, the dramatically increased water solubility of chitosan was obtained. The physicochemical structure of CgPD products was characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis proving that DMDAACC was grafted onto CM-chi appropriately. Flocculation effect of CgPD was studied in kaolin and hematite suspensions with opposite surface charges. The results confirmed that these CgPD flocculants demonstrated an excellent performance in flocculation window, optimal dosage and pH sensitivity. In addition, CgPD was proven to be applicable as flocculants in water treatment on oilfield site.

CONCLUSION
These biodegradability flocculants, CgPD can effectively remove contaminants with opposite surface charges from oilfield wastewater with low optimal dosage, wide flocculation window, low pH sensitivity and less environmental impacts than traditional flocculants.


The purpose of this investigation was to identify the findings of the studies devoted to the child voice, most of which have occurred in the past 25 years, and to present a synthesis of these findings with respect to the pedagogy, or art and science, of teaching children to sing. The data suggest that a philosophical disparity exists about singing, that is, teachers believe that it is an easy and natural process, whereas voice scientists support the contrary point of view. Data about children indicate that they have large ranges as infants, begin to sing with greater accuracy in pitch contour than to specific pitches, and gradually increase their range and pitch-matching accuracy as they mature. Many studies reported differences in accuracy with respect to sex, although the vocal mechanisms are virtually identical until puberty. While a variety of results exist for using text with pitch matching, for using accompaniment, for specific ranges at age levels, and for using certain vocal models, there are implications for teaching. Based on the majority of findings, it is suggested that teachers use particular activities with initial singers to help them hear their voices and learn to control the mechanism; that children learn to match one note, then short patterns, before progressing to songs; that the ranges of the children should determine the selected literature to create an effective match; and that vocal modeling be carefully done to assist in helping children match pitch and timbre. The most important element is that children can be taught to sing, suggesting that they have the mechanism in place and the teacher must properly develop their skills in singing.


Waiting for low–income housing is an increasingly common experience of the urban poor in both the global North and South, although little attention has been paid to its effects. Engaging a growing literature on time in systems of social provision, this article presents an ethnographic case study of waiting among poor housing–seekers in a peripheral district of Santiago, Chile. While illustrating how waiting is produced by state policies and practices that position homeless city–dwellers as passive clients, it challenges existing studies that argue that waiting produces durable submission to dominant state projects. In contrast, it shows that housing–seekers in Santiago actively negotiated a denigrating temporality of state provision through multiple practices, including collective contestation of arbitrary delays. By dissecting the conditions that enabled contentious responses to waiting for housing in Chile, this article aims to elucidate how such temporal contestation may emerge (or be precluded) in other contexts.


Objective To understand the case method in the teaching application of nursing nutrition.Methods Set up the teaching quality evaluation sheet,and 449 nursing students that received the teaching application of nursing nutrition by the methods of case teaching were investigated.Results Among the students,89.17% of the students thought that teachers can closely teach the keys of knowledge,related case content with theory closely.93.35% students considered that it can help them deeply understanding,82.92% students thought that it combined with nursing professional characteristics,and case content was vivid (86.91%).More than 90.00% of the students thought that it increased their interesting in the learning of nursing nutrition,and the interaction between teachers and students was increased.And 87.60% students considered that it improved their learning initiative,80.39% students enhanced their deep impression.More than 75.00% students thought that it improved their interpersonal communication,and abilities of problems solving.And 96.27% students were more willing to accept the case method of teaching.Conclusions Case teaching method application can training innovation consciousness,practice ability and the team cooperation spirit of students.

Key words:
Case teaching method;  Nursing nutrition;  Application


The present invention, monodisperse spherical particles having an opalescent effect based on solid colloidal crystal, particularly a three-dimensional structural color pigments, and according relates suitable manufacturing methods for large scale production of solid colloidal crystal product. Particles having a lactic white effect, the gap between the monodisperse spheres and monodisperse spheres, the spheres constructed by smaller colloidal particles of one or more secondary types partially or fully occupied based containing crystalline structure (or superlattice).


Before and after treatment scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II (MMPI-II) were compared for 11 manic depression subjects who had their amalgams removed and for 9 subjects with amalgams who were told they were being given a placebo or sealant. Of the 87 scales, the amalgam removal group improved significantly more in 47 of them. Depression and hypomania scores improved significantly, as did anxiety, anger, schizophrenia, paranoia, and many others. Scores on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II found the scores in the amalgam removal group improved significantly more in the scales of avoidant, dependent, antisocial and borderline, compared to the sealant/ placebo group. The scores in the categories of Clinical Personality pattern category and severe Personality Pathology category also improved significantly more in the amalgam removal group. All scores of the nine dimensions tested in the Symptom Check List 90 improved significantly more in the group with amalgam removal. They included somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia, and psychotism. The amalgam removal group reported a 42% decrease in the number of somatic health problems after amalgam removal, compared to an 8% increase in somatic symptoms in the placebo/sealant group when comparing a before and after health questionnaire. Introduction Recent studies have shown that people with silver dental fillings are depressed significantly more than people without fillings. The silver dental filling, also known as an amalgam, contains approximately 50% mercury by weight. The mercury leaches from the amalgam in the form of vapor and approximately 75%-80% of mercury vapor can be inhaled into the lungs, which then enters the blood stream and passes into the brain, as well as other body tissue. Eggleston and Nylander found a direct correlation between number of occlusal amalgams and mercury in the brain in postmortem studies. A study by Siblerud comparing 51 subjects without amalgams to 50 subjects with amalgams found mercury levels in urine were 201% higher (P=0.0002) in the amalgam group and hair mercury levels were 26.5% higher. It has been postulated that depression from amalgam mercury may result because mercury has the ability to affect certain neurotransmitters in the brain, and mercury has been shown to affect the same neurotransmitters whose disruption causes manic depression (bipolar disorder) The present study hypothesized that if dental amalgams containing mercury were removed, depression and mania might subside. This study also compared other mental health symptoms of bipolar patients before and after amalgam removal. Previous research that compared subjects with and without amalgams found psychometric evidence that subjects with amalgams possessed significantly more emotional and mental symptoms, such as sudden anger, depression, irritability, obsession-compulsion, anxiety, hostility, Psychometric Evidence that Dental Amalgam Mercury may be an Etiological Factor in Manic Depression Robert L. Siblerud, M.S.; John Motl, M.D.; Eldon Kienholz, Ph.D. 1.Rocky Mountain Research Institute, Inc. 1304 S. College Ave. Fort Collins, CO 80524 Funded by a grant from the Wallace Genetic Foundation


The main mission of the Prophet Muhammad. sent by Allah to this earth, is to strengthen the Oneness of God and uphold the sentence of monotheism (la ilaha illah) and purify the aqidah of the Arabs contaminated with the culture of ignorance, and obey their ancestors. However, after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the discourse around kalam or theology in Islam became hotly discussed. At the time Ali bin Abi Talib became caliph, the political context in Islam began to develop, related to theological discussions. Then the discourse developed into a flow of Islamic theology. Some of the debates around divinity, according to the Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariah, and Maturudiyah schools, namely about the nature of God, faith and disbelief, God's actions and human actions, absolute will and God's justice, revelation and reason, and perpetrators of major sins. The conception of God is at the core of every human belief. God is always at the top of the pyramid of human needs related to matters of faith. Here we can understand together that worshiping God is the human way to infinity. The infinite shutter of God is then discussed in the "limited" realm. This means that God exists in the human conception, so that the conception that is built then makes God into a certain group. This is what later became the discussion of madhhab in Islam.


When an ion beam is propagated through a plasma, the question of charge neutralization is critical to its propagation. This paper considers such a problem where the plasma is magnetized with the magnetic field perpendicular to the beam. The plasma‐number density and beam‐number density are assumed comparable. This problem is reduced to a two‐dimensional model and solved. It is shown that it should be possible to attain charge neutralization if the beam density is properly varied along itself.


A covariant Action describing a mobile dispersive mirror in one dimension is presented. We construct the Hamiltonian in the comoving (noninertial) frame, with emphasis on the treatment of the boundary condition. The Hamiltonian in the nonrelativistic approximation is derived. We consider the case where the mirror moves along a prescribed trajectory, and we calculate the operator expression for the force applied to the mirror by the external agency to balance the radiative reaction. {copyright} 1995 Academic Press, Inc.


Author(s): Nash, Kenneth L. | Abstract: HEDPA (1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid) and other diphosphonic acids are remarkably strong chelating agents in moderately acidic solutions and have found applications in separations and HEDPA has also been identified as a promising candidate for the decorporation of uranium from the human body. Consequently, the coordination chemistry of the lanthanides and actinides with HEDPA has been studied extensively in acidic solutions, and to a lesser extent at physiological pH. However, no studies have been carried out on the complexation of HEDPA with uranyl(VI) at higher pH. In this work, potentiometry and calorimetry were used to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the complexation of uranyl(VI) with HEDPA over a wide pH range. Spectroscopic techniques, including NMR, Laser-induced fluorescence and EXAFS, were used to obtain insight into the nature of the complexes.This work is supported by the Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF0098 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 at Argonne National Laboratory.


A natural extension of the use of the arc-tan and Sievert sectors is to the problem of arranging needles in plane configurations to give uniform dosage at a given distance from this plane. The classical solution is that offered by PATERSON and PARKER, but this only applies to simple figures. The optical integrator provides no complete solution, but sectors of the type e = kl(I + R2) give results which are equivalent to the employment of the arc-tan approximation for line sources. It has been found that both the arc-tan and SIEVERT sectors give dosage distributions which agree remarkably well with PARKER'S values calculated from SIEVERT'S formula, the maximum error being of the order of 4 %. These simple empirical tests suggest that no great error would be made by the use of sector e = kj(I + R2) in the examination of dosage distributions in planes. The question of calibration for dosage at various distances from the plane seems best solved by using aDDIE'S or similar tables for MIA: kiVA where M is the mg.hrs. for I,ooor and A is the area of the figure. The calibration procedure given above for e = kj(I + R2) has been found to agree within 3 % with values calculated from aDDIE'S tables with all figures examined for a large variety of shapes. The advantage of the integrator lies in the fact that irregular areas not covered by the PATERSON and PARKER rules may be investigated with great ease, and configurations of needles to give uniform dosage at a given distance fixed upon in a very short time. This question will be returned to after discussion of end-loaded and spot-loaded needles.


from the potentially exciting most recent research to guidelines for practical clinical management. (The only possible criticism of the presentation is the absence of any link between statements and opinions made in the text and the list of references at the end of each chapter.) This book will be both understandable and interesting, equally to the specialist in any aspect of circulatory disease and the generalist, whether he is a medical student or a busy general practitioner. It is difficult to think of any medical person to whom this book would not be compulsory and compulsive reading. J A DORMANDY Consultant Surgeon St James Hospital, London


To reduce the redundant pixels in the template of existing projection methods and the invalid projection calculation in matching process, a fast image matching method based on projective feature is proposed. This method is based on the projection matching principle and target object's characteristics of the minimum aspect ratio rectangle. It constructs a parallelogram template and uses 4-direction chain code to achieve the template projection transformation. In the process of image matching, based on the value range of the data gotten after template projection and dynamic threshold sequential similarity detection principle, real-time gray value judgment is realized during the projection transformation. Experiment results show that, compared with other image matching algorithms, the proposed method possesses significant advantage in computational speed.


Extensive surgical operations, in the pelvis, particularly I)altial or total pelvic exenterations, have become established procedures for the management of selected patients with advanced pelvic cancer. To reduce the morbidity frequently associated with these opet-ations, R. J. Schweitzer (Oakland, California) has employed several ideas for producing a reliable pelvic floor despite complete resection of the normal pelvic peritoneum. There is a need for individualization of procedure employed, but pelvic surgeons will undoubtedly find these methods particularly useful for the protection of the intra-peritoneal viscera after exen tei'ative procedures. [June] The spontaneous regression of cancer of any type is a rare occurrence, and there is often inadequate documentation of this phenomenon when it occurs. With some neoplasms, spontaneous regiession is a less expected course than in others. J. F. Legier (Medical College of Viiginia) describes the exceptional course of the second reported case of primary bile duct demonstrating spontaneous regression. The lack of total tumor regi-ession in this case was demonstrated two years laler by the patient's death from cerebral metastases. Despite this autopsy finding, the oiiginal site of the tumor showed no evidence of i'eactiva tion. [June] Another instance of similar and unexpected cancer regression was reported by K. H. Burdick and W. A. Hawk (Cleveland Clinic). In this case of disseminated melanoma, both cutaneous and visceral metastases disappeared after repeat injections of live vaccinia virus into selected, accessible metastatic lesions. [June] These unusual examples of the effect of some form of immune factor on cancer growth ai'e inti-iguing in light of the many current research activities in the field of tissue and tumor immunity. Lymphangiography has evoked much interest in iecent years, but the diag nostic capabilities of this technique have fallen short of initial hopes. P. P. Pi'at @mdM. Abbes (Nice, France) describe another use of this technique, that of determining the completeness of lymph node dissection in the operating room while the wounds are still open. This allows the surgeon another chance to resect "¿ overlooked― lymph nodes, and should become a useful adjunct to lymph node dissection. [July]


As dynamic nonlinearities, rate-limiters make it difficult to obtain globally optimal parameters for proportional-integral (PI) controllers to optimize a given control performance index. This paper proposes a parallel grid-search method to determine optimal PI controller parameters. First, the latent parameter set is formulated subject to feasible ranges and search steps for controller parameters. Second, values of the control performance index are calculated for all members in the latent parameter set. The parameters corresponding to the best control performance index are determined as optimal PI controller parameters. Parallel computations at multi-core CPUs are exploited to ensure all required computations to be completed within a given time span. Numerical and experimental examples are provided to support the proposed method.


Ethenyl-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels and aerogels were formed from the sol-gel polymerization of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethene. Gels were synthesized from the cis- and trans-isomers by both acid and base catalysis. While the trans-monomer exhibited relatively fast gelation times, the cis-monomer depending on the conditions either formed no gel of had very long gelation times. The addition of a coordinating metal such as Pd to the cis-monomer sol results in dramatically decreased gelation times. The addition of salts with noncoordinating metals did not significantly shorten the gelation times indicating that a template effect may be directing the polymerization of the cis-monomer. The ethenyl-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were characterized by solid state {sup 29}Si and {sup 13}C NMR, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and transmission electron microscopy.


Background: Perioperative myocardial infarction (POMI) is a complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with a potential prognostic impact. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy (MS) is used in the diagnosis of POMI; however it shows a limited sensitivity for subendocardial lesions. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), in turn, has a high accuracy in the detection of myocardial necrosis.


This paper is a summary report on a research project entitled "An Investigation of Recycling Bituminous Pavements," an HPR Research Project conducted by the JHRP staff at Purdue University. The research was performed by James L. McKinney, Graduate Instructor in Re search, under the direction of Professors Donn E. Hancher and Leonard E. Wood. Copies of the final report are available through the JHRP, Civil Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, In diana 47907.


The experiment explored the effect of different dose of Fe(OH)3 to the effluent quality and membrane fouling in the treatment of simulated municipal sewage by bioferric-SMBR.The research indicated that the removal efficiency of COD had a little improvement with increasing Fe(OH)3 dose from 0 to 10% of mix liquid sludge concentration in MBR;on the condition of 5% Fe(OH)3 dose,the activity of activated sludge promoted the strongest effect;The decrease in SVI of activated sludge was Ferric hydroxide flocs due to their chemical flocculation;Fe(OH)3 under the experimental conditions optimal dosage of MLSS concentration of 5%,the trans-membrane pressure rose most slowly in comparison with the others,membrane fouling lightest.


Abstract Six batches of four commercial hybrids of heavy pigs, reared for the production of Italian dry-cured hams, were identified for having homogeneous feeding and farm conditions. For a total of 235 pigs, slaughtered in the same slaughterhouse, carcass traits and muscle composition were measured. The pigs were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Na+, K+-ATPase subunit alpha 2 (ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide; ATP1A2), cystatin B (CSTB), mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 (DECR1), leptin (LEP; 3 SNPs), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), melanocortin receptor 5 (MC5R), sarcolipin (SLN) and titin (TTN) genes. All genes showed biallelic polymorphisms and the alleles were differently distributed between the six batches. Pigs were subsequentely clustered in "lean" and "fat" using either carcass traits (lean percentage, backfat thickness, loin muscle thickness, ham weight and ham cover fat thickness: 100 lean and 135 fat) or meat composition data (dry matter, protein, fat and ash of Biceps femoris and Vastus lateralis and pH after 24 hours: 126 lean and 109 fat). The association of gene polymorphisms with leaness and fatness of pigs was thus investigated using a logistic regression. ATP1A2, LEP (HinfI polymorphism) and MC4R, together with sex and ham weight were, included in the model to screen lean and fat pigs classified according to carcass traits data, yielding a correct classification of 71%. For the lean and fat pigs classified according to muscle composition, sex, CSTB, DECR1, MC5R and LEP (AciI/TaqI polymorphisms) were included in the regression analysis, that yielded a 66% of pigs correctly classified. These preliminary results may indicate that some of the selected candidate genes could be associated to production traits and are worth of further investigations.