In Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle (2007) a divided Court struck down the efforts of school districts to integrate schools through the use of race as a factor in school assignment. Notable in the majority and dissenting opinions was sharp disagreement about the meaning of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision. This paper explores the 'meaning' of Brown by considering the Court's decisions in the period between 1954 and 1974 when the unanimity of the Court on this issue ended with Milliken v. Bradley. Using the papers of former justices Douglas, Brennan, Marshall, and Blackmun, I identify when this divergence of views about the meaning of Brown emerged and how the competing arguments about its meaning developed. Changes in the Court's make-up along with a political environment of white suburban 'backlash' against busing found their way into the Court's deliberations and arguments, leading to a breakdown of consensus about both the meaning of Brown and the institutional importance of speaking in one voice. Brown is an iconic precedent that has come to be widely accepted as legitimate. But the sharp division on the Court and in society about its meaning suggests that iconic status may only come when different camps attach different meanings to the case to make it legally palatable. In the broadest sense, the paper is about the way in which the meaning of precedent evolves.


More than two decades ago, empirical research into middle leadership roles in schools tended to focus largely but not exclusively upon subject leaders and heads of department (Harris, Jamieson, and Russ 1995; Harris 1999; Busher and Harris 2000). Fast forward to the present day and the contemporary literature on middle leadership has expanded to include a far broader variety of middle leadership roles, positions, and perspectives (e.g. Fitzgerald and Gunter 2006; Thorpe and Bennett-Powell 2014; Thorpe and Melnikova 2014; Ng 2015; Carter 2016; Irvine and Brundrett 2016; Kiat, Heng, and LimRatnam 2016). While the contemporary literature is far from extensive, it offers empirically based accounts of the nature, practice, and influence of middle leaders in schools. It is important to underline, however, that this evidence base is different from that associated with system level change or, as it has become known, 'Leading from the Middle'. The idea of 'Leading from the Middle' has emerged as a strategy for system reform where the middle tier is recognised as being particularly important. For example, Fullan (2015, 1) argues that:


Communication about the end of a child's life is highly sensitive. Although children may be aware of their prognoses when they are dying, primary caregivers do not always acknowledge the impending deaths to them. How primary caregivers communicate (or avoid communicating) with their children who have life-limiting illnesses about their (or their siblings') illness and impending death may be determined by several factors. A qualitative, semistructured interview study of 19 bereaved and nonbereaved primary caregivers of pediatric patients in palliative care was conducted and interpreted using inductive thematic analysis. Primary caregivers offer various reasons for discussing or refraining from discussion with their children that relate to preparing and protecting them. Primary caregivers communicate with their children about death to prepare them (by acknowledging, enabling, and teaching) or avoid the topic to protect them (and their relationships, emotions, and perceptions). When deciding whether to open discussions about their child's impending death, caregivers draw on parenting skills that parallel those developed while making other decisions for their children.


Plants control their physiological programmes, deve lopmental transitions and responses to the environm ent with the help of phytohormones/ plant growth regulators. These are organic compounds of varied chemical str ucture synthesized by plants in low concentrations in specialized tiss ues and transported throughout the plant body where they alter essential physiological processes qualitatively and quantitat ively. The main groups of plant hormones include au xins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroi ds and jasmonates. Phytohormones have multiple func tions and various combinations of them can act either synergistically (auxins and gibberellins) or antagonistically (abs cisic acid and auxins) to promote very specific responses.


Background: Today, the role of expert clinical nurses is highlighted because their presence is necessary for guaranteeing the quality of nursing care provided for the patients. However, there are no proper instruments for measuring the clinical competence of postgraduate students in intensive care nursing.

Objectives: The present study aimed at development and psychometric evaluation of the clinical-competence inventory for postgraduate students of intensive care nursing.

Patients and Methods: A methodological study was conducted at state nursing schools of Iran. The participants were postgraduate students of intensive care nursing, who were being trained at 16 nursing schools throughout Iran, during year 2014. After examining some relevant texts, the first draft of the inventory was designed with 60 items. In order to confirm its face and content validity, a panel of experts and students examined the inventory. The final draft, which contained 44 items, was distributed among postgraduate students of intensive care nursing, and 217 students answered the inventory. The construct validity was verified using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the inventory was verified using consistency tests.

Results: Firstly an instrument with 60 items was developed. Next, the face and content validity of the instrument was assessed by 15 students and 11 experts. Overall, 16 items were removed through validity assessment and 44 items remained in the final draft. The content validity index of the final draft was 0.90. Moreover, the content validity ration of 44 items ranged between 0.75 and 1. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the inventory was 0.95 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the test-retest results was 0.96. To examine the construct validity of the final draft, it was administered for 217 postgraduate students of intensive care nursing and five factors, with Eigenvalues above one and loading level equal to or above 0.4, were extracted through exploratory factor analysis.

Conclusions: The inventory developed in this study is a suitable index for evaluating the efficacy of postgraduate students in the field of intensive care nursing.


In this paper, the problem of consensus for discrete-time networked multi-agent systems (NMASs) with a directed topology and communication delays is investigated. The networked predictive control scheme is introduced to compensate for communication delays actively. For NMASs with identical linear agents and bounded time-varying communication delays, necessary and sufficient conditions of the consensus are provided. A numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical result.


Aim To investigate the protective effect of apolipoprotein(apo) C Ⅱon the morphology and func- tion of human umbilical vein endcthelial cells,injured by low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vilro. Methods Cultured huynan endothelial cells derived from umbilical vein were divided into four groups:control, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-apo + LDL,apo C Ⅱ+LDL and LDL group. which were observed the morphological changes with phase-contrast and transmission electron microscope and measurcd the re- lease of lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) and level of 6-ke-to-prostaglandin Fla (PGFla).Results Endothelial cells after being injured by LDL showed cell contraction. Increased release of LDH ayld decreased jevel of 6-keto-PGFla. Howev- er, normal morphology and LDH rtlease as well as prostacyclin (PGI2) syntllesis in endothelial cells were found when HDL-apo or apo C Ⅱ was added to culture media before LDL inJury.Conclusious Both HDL-apo and apo C Ⅱ could re-sist the injurious effect of LDL on cultured endothelial cells.


This study was carried out to prepare the depolymerized alginates by physical treatment processing with organic acids. The applied physical treatment methods were autoclaving, microwaving, and ultrasonicating, Among several physical depolymerization methods, autoclaving treatment was the most effective for hydrolyzing the alginate to low molecular compounds such as oligosaccharides. Citrate was most effective catalyst in hydrolyzing alginate to some oligosaccharides among organic acids. An acceptable autoclaving conditions for hydrolyzing alginate to oligosaccharides were to treat at for 90 min and for 60 min, respectively. The maximum depolymerization percentage produced by autoclaving was . The depolymerized alginates prepared by autoclaving at has oligosaccharides of and species, respectively. The optimum condition for alginate oligosaccarides was autoclaving treatment with citrate solution at for 90 min.


The present invention provides a material suitable for digging into the jawbone of the box of an implant-blade used in particular as a dental prosthesis support. The material is characterized in that it comprises at least one slitter-disc digging a trench with a rounded bottom in the jaw bone, finer milling cutter for rounding the corners and refining the dimensions of said trench and guide the drill cutting the cylindrical cavity to accommodate the neck of the implant-blade and the blade-implant itself, with rounded edges and reduced neck height.


Nonreciprocal transmission characteristics given by optical isolators and circulators play important roles in constructing highly functional photonic circuits. Optical isolators and circulators fabricated on siliconon-insulator waveguides are discussed in this article.


Married persons completed anonymous questionnaires rating the extent to which they would feel justified having an extramarital relationship for 17 reasons derived from the clinical and research literatures. Men and women clustered these justifications similarly into four factors: sexual, romantic love, emotional intimacy, and extrinsic. Women approved less of sexual justifications and more of love justifications. Attitude‐behavior congruence was demonstrated in the link between sexual justification and sexual involvement for both sexes and in the link between love justifications and emotional involvement for men. The data supported the observation that men separate sex and love; women appear to believe that love and sex go together and that falling in love justifies sexual involvement. Clinical implications include the importance of understanding the extramarital attitudes as cognitions and thresholds related to extramarital behavior. Research implications include the importance of assessing specific reas...


The invention relates to a special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer for moso bamboo shoots and a preparation method of the fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer comprises an organic and inorganic mixed selenium source prepared from potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, EDTAZnNa2, EDTAMnNa2, NaFeEDTA, sodium silicate, ammonium molybdate, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium salt, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium benzoate and a selenium-rich yeast, wherein the organic and inorganic mixed selenium source is formed by preparing the selenium-rich yeast into a seed and then carrying out fermentation enrichment culture, inactivation and decomposition in an inorganic selenium containing culture medium. The preparation method comprises the following steps of dissolving effective components according to a certain sequence; regulating a pH value; and treating until constant volume is achieved. The special selenium-rich liquid fertilizer for the moso bamboo shoots, which is disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of comprehensive nutrient element, reasonable and safe formula, high fertilizer utilization ratio, no environmental pollution and the like, is convenient to fertilize, improves the utilization efficiency of a selenium element and increases the selenium content of bamboo shoots by using an organic selenium source and ensures the safety in fertilizer use and selenium-rich moso bamboo shoot eating.


A method for simulations of the two-dimensional compressible flow in aerodynamically highly loaded turbomachinery on unstructured adaptive grids is presented in this paper. The discretization of the conservative laws in space is executed by the finite volume method. For high efficiency an implicit solution procedure is used. The flux vector of the inviscid flow is calculated by a modified difference splitting method described by Reichert and Simon (1994). To predict the turbulent flow an explicit algebraic stress model in conjunction with k and e equations is used (Lenke and Simon, 1997). Both for the generation of the initial grid as well as for the grid adaptation the same algorithm is used which is based on the advancing-front method according to Peraire et.al. (1987). For the simulation of high Reynoldsnumber flow within thermal turbomachinery it is most favorable to use quadrilateral elements in the boundary layers in addition to the triangular elements in the main flow region. To adapt the so-called combined grids, some kind of key variables are chosen, e.g. change in total pressure in combination with a shock detector.Copyright © 1999 by ASME


In order to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections in Germany a random sample of 14 966 patients in 72 hospitals was investigated by four in the use of CDC-definitions trained and validated physicians. The size and location of the hospitals in the old and new countries were considered during the selection process. The prevalence was 3,5% with a confidence interval between 3,1 and 3,9%. Due to the methodological commitments of the study and the deficit in the field of microbiological diagnostics in the investigated hospitals this rate should be considered as the certain minimum of the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The most common infections were urinary tract infections (42,1%), lower respiratory tract infections (20,6%), surgical site infections (15,8%) and primary bloodstream infections (8,3%). Because of the in part opposite influences of the patient risk factors age, sex, and the hospital factors type of department and hospital size the prevalence according to these factors is described separately.


Metal oxide nanocluster resists are a promising candidate for enabling the high-volume production of semiconductor devices with high-numerical-aperture extreme ultraviolet exposure tools. In this study, the sensitization mechanism of metal oxide nanocluster resists was investigated by focusing on the radiation-induced reactions of carboxylic acid ligands. Radiolytic products in various solutions of unsaturated carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, and saturated carboxylic acids were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and dynamic light scattering. The conditions of the solutions were selected to control reaction paths of intermediates. The major reaction paths induced by ionizing radiation were clarified. The obtained results suggest that the generation of bridging ligands is essential to the sensitization of metal oxide nanocluster resists. Both low-energy electrons and radical cations can trigger dimerization. The diffusion of small radicals should be suppressed to prevent dimerization at undesired places.


The effects of reaction time,reaction temperature and acid concentration on xylose concentration in coconut shell hydrolysate were investigated.The acid hydrolysis mechanism for coconut shell was discussed.As a homogeneous irreversible series reactions system,first-order reaction rate models for coconut shell acid hydrolysis were established.The activation energy,kinetic coefficient for xylooligosaccharides hydrolysis and kinetic coefficient for xylose decomposition were estimated.According to the rate equations,the favorable acid hydrolysis conditions were predicted,the drawn conclusions can be used to industrial production.


HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SOCIAL WORK is the framework for helping people to develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. The focus of all aspects of Human Rights is on t is based on the recognition of basic rights founded on the concept of the inherent dignity and worth of every individual. Social workers deal with common human needs. They work to prevent or alleviate individual, group and community problems, and to improve the quality of life for all people. In doing so, they seek to uphold the rights of the individuals or groups with whom they are working. This book gives the brief knowledge of HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND SOCIAL WORK and how it operates and this innovative course has been designed to provide the opportunity for the advanced study of Human Rights Law in an international context and use will be made throughout of case studies and cutting edge documentation providing you with thorough coverage of this fascinating area of law. You will have the opportunity to converse with leading experts in International Human Rights Law


A series of 26 5-substituted 29-deoxyuridines (dUrd), including various dUrd analogues (viz. 5-(1-chlorovinyl)-dUrd, E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-dUrd, 5-azidomethyl-dUrd, 5-methyl-thiomethyl-dUrd, 5-propynyloxy-dUrd), which have never been the subject of extensive antitumor studies, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on L1210 cell proliferation. The most effective inhibitors were (in order of decreasing activity): 5-fluoro-dUrd > 5-trifluoromethyl-dUrd > 5-nitro-dUrd (59-monophosphate) > 5-ethynyl-dUrd > 5-formyl-dUrd > 5-(1-chlorovinyl)-dUrd. Their 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) fell within the 0.5-0.001 µg/m1 range. These and several other dUrd analogues (i.e., 5-cyano-dUrd, 5-thiocyano-dUrd via 5-mercapto-dUrd 59-monophosphate, and the 5-oxime of 5-formyl-dUrd) have been recognized previously as potent and/or selective inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase. As could be expected from specific thymidylate synthetase inhibitors, all nine compounds were far more inhibitory to [2-14C]dUrd incorporation into host cell DNA than to [methyl-3H]dThd incorporation, and their inhibitory effects on L1210 cell proliferation were more readily reversed by dThd than by dUrd. The other 17 dUrd analogues, all of which had ID50 values for L1210 cell growth that were greater than 1 µg/ml, did not discriminate between [2-14C]dUrd and [methyl-3H]dThd incorporation, and their inhibitory effects on L1210 cell growth were reversed equally well by dThd and dUrd, or not reversed at all. For the nine dUrd analogues which could be considered as thymidylate synthetase inhibitors, there was a strong correlation (R = 0.904) between their inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth, on the one hand, and their relatively greater inhibition of [2-14C]dUrd incorporation and reversal of antitumor activity by dThd, on the other. This correlation points to thymidylate synthetase as the principal, if not the sole, intracellular target for the inhibitory activity of 5-substituted 29-deoxyuridines on L1210 cell growth.


Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children. The management guidelines recommend only supportive measures; however, there is an increasing burden for bronchiolitis especially in developing countries. The use of nebulized hypertonic saline may aid in decreasing hospital stay and decrease the global burden of the disease.Objective: To compare between the efficacy of hypertonic saline versus normal saline in reducing duration of hospital admission and improving symptoms of acute bronchiolitis.Patients and methods: A randomized comparative clinical trial included 90 children with acute bronchiolitis, conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospital (New Damietta) during the period from October 2019 till June 2020. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups; 45 patients received 3% hypertonic saline nebulization (group 1), and 45 patients received 0.9% normal saline nebulization (group 2). Efficacy of treatment was assessed through duration of hospitalization and oxygen supplementation, and severity of respiratory distress.Results: there was no significant difference between both groups as regard to age, sex, baseline clinical severity score and O2 saturation. After treatment, patients who received nebulized hypertonic saline showed less duration of hospitalization (62.3±20.8 hours vs 76.8± 26.1 hours; p=0.001), less duration of O2 therapy (16.2±6.0 hours vs 25.3±5.4 hours; p=0.01). As regard to severity clinical score, patients received nebulized hypertonic saline showed significant improvement started within 24 hours from admission (P=<0.001).Conclusions: Nebulized hypertonic 3% saline is effective in reducing hospital stay among children with bronchiolitis compared with nebulized normal saline. Further large studies are required to confirm these results.


Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n$, whose minimum vertex degree is at least $k$. A subset $S$ of vertices in $G$ is a $k$-tuple total dominating set if every vertex of $G$ is adjacent to at least $k$ vertices in S. The minimum cardinality of a $k$-tuple total dominating set of $G$ is the $k$-tuple total domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_{\times k,t}(G)$. Henning and Yeo in \cite{hen} proved that if $G$ is a cubic graph different from the Heawood graph, $\gamma_{\times 2, t}(G) \leq \frac{5}{6}n$, and this bound is sharp. Similarly, a $k$-tuple dominating set is a subset $S$ of vertices of $G$, $V (G)$ such that $|N[v] \cap S| \geq k$ for every vertex $v$, where $N[v] = \{v\}\cup \{u \in V(G) : uv \in E(G)\}$. The $k$-tuple domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_{\times k}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a $k$-tuple dominating set of $G$.
In this paper, we give a simple approach to achieve the same upper bounds and also improve the upper bounds in some special cases. For example, we show that for a $r$-regular graph $G$ of order $n$, with $r\ge k$, $\gamma_{\times k}(G)\le \frac{r^2}{r^2+1}n$. In addition, our method gives algorithms to compute dominating sets of small size, while the previous methods are existential.


In this paper, the concept of drone operations that would be used for transportation of goods in the urban areas, in the lower part of the airspace above urban areas, is proposed. To make the most of the potential that this concept brings, it is necessary to harmonize the already existing operations with the future ones, to design the airspace for these operations, and to adopt regulations that will enable safe operations. Although it is necessary to invest large amounts of money to provide satisfactory conditions for the safe functioning of the system, the benefits that such a system brings will lead to multiple profitabilities. The concept of drone operations in urban areas has been described through three phases of evolution. The Phase 1 is the most favorable for the operator from the aspect of efficiency because it means moving from point A to point B by the shortest path. Phase 2 introduces the idea of a partial arrangement of the system. In the Phase 3, the concept of operations is described in a fully controlled and organized system, with the urban traffic control in charge of supervising and guiding unmanned aircraft. Depending on the criteria, the results show that the concepts of operations presented in phases 1, 2, and 3 can be more or less suitable for application and implementation in the lower airspace and can be used sequentialy.


The aim of this study was to propose a digital literacy program for elderly people as one of family development requirement. For this, the analytic descriptive method was used to describe and analyze the concept of digital literacy among elderly people. Additionally, the most prominent successful international efforts in the field of digital literacy for elderly people in U.S.A, Canada, Europe, Ireland, Australia, Finland and the United Kingdom were recognized. The proposed digital literacy program was introduced in nine dimensions, including: (program philosophy / plan / goals / content / some considerations the trainer should take into consideration while using the program / instruction strategies and approaches / educational tools and accompanying activities / evaluation).


From the year of its founding, members of the Acoustical Society of America have been interested in the question of how the acoustical effects of real-world environments influence the ability of human beings to process sound (Knudsen, "The hearing of speech in auditoriums," JASA 1(1), 1929). While interest in this topic has been constant, the specialization of those focused on architectural acoustics and those focused on psychological and physiological acoustics has increased. Today, it is easily observed that we are likely to use methods and terminology that may be quite unfamiliar to those discussing a very similar question just down the hall. This presentation will survey a few of the most influential psychoacoustical approaches to the question of how the detection and identification of stimuli differs depending on whether the task is done in a real (or simulated) room as opposed to over headphones or in an anechoic chamber. The goal will be to set the stage for some of the talks to come and to begin a...


—Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 12 chemical reagents were determined for four strains of Tenacibaculum maritimum . Bronopol and stabilized chlorine dioxide showed the lowest MIC (1.0 m g/mL). With 6-h treatment, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of bronopol and stabilized chlorine dioxide were 4.0 and ≦ 8.0 m g/mL, respectively. Both chemicals were non-toxic to five marine fishes in 6-h exposure at concentrations 5 times higher than the MBCs. The two chemicals are the most suitable candidates for antibacterial agents for treatment of T. maritimum infection.


Fiordland, New Zealand exposes the lower crustal root of an Early Cretaceous magmatic arc that now forms one of Earth's most extensive high‐P granulite facies belts. The Arthur River Complex, a dioritic to gabbroic suite in northern Fiordland, is part of the root of the arc, and records an Early Cretaceous history of emplacement, tectonic burial, and high‐P granulite facies metamorphism that accompanied partial melting of the crust. Late random intergrowths of kyanite, quartz and plagioclase partially pseudomorph minerals in the earlier high‐T assemblages of the Arthur River Complex, indicating high‐P cooling of an over thickened crustal root by c. 200 °C. The kyanite intergrowths are themselves partially pseudomorphed by paragonite, commonly in the presence of phengitic white mica. Biotite–plagioclase intergrowths that partially pseudomorph phengitic white mica and diopside–plagioclase intergrowths that partially pseudomorph jadeitic diopside, combined with published thermochronology results, are consistent with later rapid decompression. A short duration anticlockwise P–T path may be explained by the high‐P juxtaposition of comparatively cool upper crustal rocks following their tectonic burial and under thrusting during the waning stages of Early Cretaceous orogenesis. This was then followed by the decompression giving the rapid exhumation within 20 Myr of peak metamorphism, as suggested by the isotopic data.


Many EFL learners produce many errors in their speaking regarding grammatical aspect. The present study aims to analyze the most dominant errors and causes of errors committed by the third semester students of Syiah Kuala University on their speaking in Indonesia. The data were collected from eight by asking them to produce short story about their most memorable experience orally for 5-8 minutes. Furthermore, the writer followed the error analysis procedures to analyze the data. Moreover, the errors were classified into surface strategy taxonomy as proposed by Dulay et.al. (1982). The result shows that the most dominant errors were omission (55%) followed by misformation (29%), addition (13%), and misordering (3%). The current study investigated that the causes of errors were intra-lingual and inter-lingual interference. Meanwhile, intra-lingual interference was considered as the major cause of the students' errors. In conclusion, the students still have a serious problem in term of grammatical aspect, especially omission of noun inflections and irregular past tenses, and misformation of auxiliaries. It is suggested that the lecturers and the students do some efforts to reduce the grammatical errors in speaking, such as grammar drill and error correction.


With the price of gold currently exceeding $US1240/oz (as of June 29, 2010) and the continued gradual upward trend of gold prices, the search for new gold targets in Yukon has become an increasingly attractive exploit, particularly in light of the three notable new bedrock discoveries, including: (i) Underworld Resources Ltd., White Gold property 90 km south of Dawson City, recently taken over by Kinross Gold; (ii) Kaminak Resources, Coffee property 120 km south of Dawson City; and (ii) ATAC Resources Ltd, Rau property, 50 km northeast of Keno City.


As a frontier technology, block chain has great prospects in the fields of internet of things and finance field. In the process of bitcoin transaction, the legality authentication of identity information is realized through block chain technology and cryptography knowledge. Based on this, block chain identity authentication and distributed storage technology are applied to a train ticket purchasing system in this paper. The system mainly consists of four modules: communication terminal, ticketing digital encryption database, block chain identity authentication center and self-service ticket collecting machine. The communication terminal receives ticket and purchaser identity encryption information, it also subscribes to tickets on the Internet through a timestamp server. The ticket digital encryption database encrypts the identity and ticket information and sends it to the communication terminal. The block chain identity authentication center completes the legality verification of the ticket collector identities through the key matching and decryption algorithm. Self-service ticket collection machine finishes printing tickets. The system uses block chain and secret key matching to achieve the identity authentication of the ticket collector. The collector can also take out the ticket without identity card, which provides great convenience for passengers who have lost their ID cards or temporarily can not show their identity cards.


The aim of this study was to develop a continuous professional development training module based on multicultural counselling competency for professional counsellors in Malaysia. The research methodology comprised three phases: (i) training need assessment using survey method, (ii) module design and development and (iii) module evaluation using an experimental design. First, the Multicultural Counselling Competency Survey-Malaysian Counsellor Edition questionnaire was used to collect data from 116 professional counsellors from various work settings. The results clearly indicated the need for continuous professional development training to enhance counsellors' multicultural counselling competency. The development of the training module adopted Sidek's model, a Malaysian-based framework for module development. The developed training module was then evaluated for its effectiveness through analysing its content validity and reliability. Results revealed that the training module scored high content validity value of 77.2% (0.77) and satisfactory reliability level (alpha Cronbach's coefficient value of 0.75). The overall findings of the present research imply that the continuous professional development training module is necessary for enhancing multicultural counselling competency of Malaysian professional counsellors.


This study proposes the elaboration of a meta-ranking, including the 14 Spanish universities which appear in at least four of the five global rankings considered in this study, that are some of the world's most influential. It is necessary to differentiate between research rakings that use bibliometric data and rankings that take into account other aspects and other forms of data collection, basically based on surveys. Spanish universities attain better positions in the first group. The investigation highlighted that the higher weaknesses we can find are in the internationalization, the reputation or in the student-teacher ratio. The one exception is for universities that stand out in the two dimensions. Regarding the outcome, there is an evident need for a greater internationalisation, to improve the reputation of the higher education institutions and to enhance the international visibility of the Spanish universities.


In 1999 the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) activated a pilot study (GMALL 06/99). One major aim was to develop a new, shortened and intensified induction regimen based on the following new principles compared to previous GMALL trials: 1) Dexamethasone (DEXA) instead of prednisone to improve antileukemic activity and prophylaxis of CNS relapse 2) prephase with cyclophosphamide (CYCLO) 3) G-CSF parallel to chemo 4) intensified daunorubicin with two 2day cycles (DNR) vs 4 wkly applications 5)1 dose PEG-L-Asparaginase (ASP) instead of 14 d conventional ASP Induction I was followed by GMALL induction phase II as previously reported and a uniform consolidation I. Remission control took place on d24 and d44. Thereafter treatment was risk adapted. Induction I consisted of DEXA, CYCLO and G-CSF. In addition pts received PEG-ASP 1000 U/m2 (d13), vincristin 2 mg (d4,11,18) and DNR 45 mg/m2 (d4+5,11+12). The regimen was modified by 3 amendments which separated the study to 4 pilot phases. The major modifications referred to reduction of DEXA/CYCLO and earlier application of G-CSF. Overall 843 pts were included between 4/99 and 10/03. The median age was 36 (15–65) yrs. Subtypes distribution was c-/pre B 65%, pro B 8%, early T 8%, thymic 14%, mature T 6%. 23% had Ph/BCR-ABL+ ALL. The overall CR rate was 83%, with 12% failure/PR and 7% early death (ED). Significant differences were detected for the pilot phases (p=.0008). The high mortality in pilot I was mainly due to infections. With lower doses of DEXA the rate of ED (p=.0002) and severe infections decreased significantly whereas the failure rate increased slightly. The earlier application of G-CSF contributed to a significant decrease of grade III/IV granulocytopenias and probably also mucositis. We conclude that dose and schedule of DEXA in induction of ALL has a significant effect on rate of infections and ED. A dose reduced schedule with interruption to allow for early detection of infections led to a favourable CR rate of 82% with ED of 5% after only 6 wks of induction therapy. The parallel application of chemo and G-CSF rendered the regimen more feasible and contributed to the lower rate of infections and mucositis. The optimised regimen which includes again prephase with CYCLO is now used as induction therapy of the ongoing GMALL study 07/2003. Interim results confirmed the high antileukemic activity with CR rates of 89% and the feasibility with 4% ED. Beside the optimised induction the use of Imatinib in Ph+ ALL parallel to induction contributed to the improvement. Further progress is now attempted by additional use of rituximab in CD20 positive pts.


The Internet of Things (IoT) gives Associate in nursing temperate and new life to the human services field. It conjointly incorporates a quick advancement of the many fields. However a ton of fundamental necessities are existing for human wellbeing inside the field of Medical. One among the higher approach the specialists are skilled to and rapidly appropriate to utilize the pertinent patient data's and together with the patient case history. Through the net of Things, staggeringly enhances the standard of information and in this way the patient care inside the Medical field. Along these lines, web of Things offers Associate in Nursing real stage to interconnect the every one of the assets. Relate in nursing metaphysics based for the most part computerizing style procedure for good medications and physical wellbeing framework abuse IoT. Semantics and metaphysics components helps the PCs notwithstanding the understanding the indications and restorative assets. In this way, cosmology instrument makes a recovery methodology and reconfigure medicinal assets steady with patient's particular necessities apace and more than once.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a series compensation position determining method. The method comprises the steps that resistance values of all branches on a power distribution line are obtained, compensation capacity values of all the branches are calculated according to the resistance values and compared, the largest compensation capacity value is selected out, and the branch where the largest compensation capacity value is located serves as a series compensation position. According to method in the scheme, the position of the maximum compensation capacitance on the whole power distribution line can be determined so that it can be ensured that the rising amplitude of the voltage generated by the compensated circuit is the maximum, the compensation effect is the most obvious, and the problem that at present, only one third to a half of the line is selected as a compensation position, and consequently the practical compensation requirement of the line cannot be met is solved.


In recent days, enabling encrypted access control to hosted data is attractive to organizations and many users in untrusted cloud. However, an efficient encrypted progressive access control system designing in the cloud remains a challenge. This paper proposes DAC in cryptographic, for effective access control that provides practical encryption in the system. DAC in cryptography removes permission by designate to update the encrypted data in cloud. DAC in cryptography includes file encryption with a well- formed key list that document a file key and a set of lock keys. A dedicated administrator is required to replace a new revocation key by comparing the previous key. Revocation requires a dedicated administrator to upload a new revocation key to encrypt files with the new encryption level and update the encryption key list accordingly in cloud. DAC in cryptography proposes a three-key technique to limit the key list size and later on encryption. As a result, change in access control is enforced using DAC in cryptography. This improves efficiency by not requiring high decryption or re-encryption and to upload or re-upload of large quantity of data by the administrator and assures security by revoking permissions immediately. It demonstrates the construction safety and efficiency using formalization framework and system implementations.


The project cost of power grid engineering technology transformation projects has shown importance in the development of China's power industry. By summarizing the models that can be used to predict the cost of technological transformation, the genetic algorithm based support vector machine (GA-SVM) and the cost estimation model based on extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm (XGBoosting) are studied. This paper combines the above theories and the Shapley value theory in game theory to construct a combined cost estimation model, which can realize high-precision estimation of power grid technological transformation projects. This paper takes the overhead line project as an example for simulation, which proves that the combined forecasting model can accurately reflect the actual project cost, and it has reference value for the cost forecast of the power grid engineering technology transformation project.


The theory of optimum receiver data wireless detection requires synchronization signal parameters that are accurately aligned with those in the transmitter. Therefore, synchronization should be the most robust and reliable element in the receiver design process, ensuring that data detection can continue over deteriorating channels, such as those with fading and large carrier offsets. Furthermore, the available processing time at the receiver for burst-type systems is very short, and computationally efficient techniques are required in order to acquire and track the received signal quickly. Computationally efficient synchronization methods also benefit receiver power consumption. Carrier frequency offsets can be large due to Doppler shifts or frequency uncertainties in the receiver and transmitter frequency mixing stages [2, 4]. This problem may sometimes be circumvented by imposing stringent requirements on the frequency stability of the transmit and receive oscillators. For example, a receiver with a frequency offset tolerance of 100 hertz, inclusive of Doppler shifts, requires the use of an oscillator with stability better than 0.10 parts per million (PPM). This is a severe constraint given that such an oscillator has to be a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator and (TXCO), which requires large amounts of DCpower and a long warm-up time and is both bulky in size and expensive. Therefore, we must seek alternate methods for frequency compensation that use less accurate frequency sources. Since the cost-efficient implementation of time division multiple access (TDMA) terminals generally requires extensive use of digital signal processing techniques, it may be more convenient to implement frequency offset estimation and correction algorithms that relieve the stringent requirements on the master frequency oscillator in the receiver [7]. Furthermore, it is desired that such algorithms be limited to the digital signal processing part of the radio. This means that conventional techniques, such as analog voltage control oscillator steering, are not favored. This article describes modeling, analysis and simulation results of an all-digital carrier synchronization algorithm for burst type TDMA signals subjected to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and severe Doppler frequency shift that is relatively large compared to the data rate of the receiver. The algorithm detailed in the coming sections is well suited for an all digital receiver implemented using either digital signal processing (DSP) or ASIC techniques. Although the detailed algorithm is shown here only for BPSK and QPSK TDMA satellite burst receivers, it could easily be extended for applications in other current wireless systems, such as GSM, IS-136, personal handy-phone system (PHS), multimedia cable or local multipoint distribution (LMDS).


Recent studies have shown that response inhibition is impaired in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings, suggesting that these deficits may be considered a cognitive endophenotype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Structural and functional neural correlates of altered response inhibition have been identified in patients and siblings. This study aims to examine the functional integrity of the response inhibition network in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings.


RasGas LNG Trains-1 and 2, comprising of three refrigeration centrifugal compressors each, were commissioned in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Three compressors have achieved 15 years of trouble free operation through risk based Predictive and Preventive Maintenance Strategies and surveillance program. None of these compressors' major components such as the rotor, dry gas seals or bearings have been replaced so far except three cases due to design upgrades (Rotor Re-rate, Thrust Disk fretting issue). Industry and technical literature survey indicates that several hundred compressors have achieved service life of over 20 years. However, the frequencies of maintenance interventions are not common/standardized due to site specific variations, shutdown 3 rd Middle East Turbomachinery Symposium (METS III) 15-18 February 2015 | Doha, Qatar | mets.tamu.edu


Introduction: In an already published prospective and randomised study the positioning of TKA with and without a navigation device was analyzed. The results with navigation were significantly better than free hand surgery. The issue of this study was to find out if navigation can improve MIS in TKA. Materials and methods: A three arm study was designed by the National Institute of Rheumatology. The study was prospective and externely evaluated. 30 persons have got TKA in an open technique with navigation, 30 cases have got MIS and another 30 MIS and navigation. Operation time, blood loss, early outcome and accuracy of the implantation was measured and compared. Results: MIS increases the operation time and leads to a significant better early outcome within the first ten days. The accuracy of the implantation is poorer in comparison to open techniques. Navigation doesn't improve the results because the malpositioning is caused by the final surgical step of impaction. This was verified by a radiological score analysis using a score developed in our hospital for the postoperative X-rays.


In an earlier post I wrote a bit about bots and the potential future for education. This past week I listened to Ben Thompson push back a


The aim of this study is to investigate the strategies for teaching the English language skills in the primary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions and one research hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The research design employed in the present study is a quasi-experimental design of pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The target population consisted of all the primary one pupils of public schools in Anambra State. Six schools were randomly sampled from a total of 1049 public primary schools in Anambra State. The sample of the study consisted of one hundred and fifty (150) primary one pupils. Two groups – experimental and control groups of seventy-five pupils each were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. Then it concluded that pupils taught with the Jolly phonics performed more significantly than the pupils taught with the traditional method. Recommendations were also made. ________________________________________________________________________________________


In this lab, we explore the principles of the use of a lock-in amplifier, using a He-Ne laser, light chopper, and a photodiode as the lock-in input. We explain and use the concepts of phase sensitive detection, dynamic reserve, and time constants to determine both the range of linearity of the photodiode in use, as well as the frequency response of the photodiode. Furthermore, we determine whether the frequency response of the photodiode is independent of intensity. Photodiode output voltage data as measured on the lock-in (varying both frequency and intensity) are presented.


To determine characteristics and risk factors for non‐urgent presentations (NUPs) (triage categories 4 and 5) in neonates to a Western Sydney metropolitan mixed adult emergency department (ED) and the effect of COVID‐19 on presentations and admissions.


The injection of anhydrous ammonia (A-NH3) into bagged silage would allow variable applications of N to improve crude protein content of feeds. Trials evaluated the effectiveness of A-NH3 injection into silage for changes in nutrient characteristics and to evaluate animal preference. In Trial 1, A-NH3 was injected into a 30 t polyethylene bag of sorghum silage at 1% DM.  Injection was easily accomplished; the A-NH3 moved some vertically and horizontally, but movement was limited, likely due to excessive moisture in the silage.  In Trial II, polyethylene bags with 10 lb of forage were injected with 0, 1 or 2% A-NH3 on a DM basis and injected either pre-ensiling with or without corn or post-ensiling.  Silage quality was improved with higher levels of A-NH3.  Injection of A-NH3 during pre-ensiling stage of fermentation improved (P .05) on characteristics, but A-NH3 volatilization losses occurred during injection. Holstein heifers fed various treated silage combinations showed no refusals, indicating acceptable silages. Treating silages with A-NH3 shows potential as a method of increasing CP of silages and improving diet digestibility, but issues of optimum moisture content in silages and timing should be addressed.


To integrate lessons from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Conservation Effects Assessment Project (NIFA CEAP) program, key informant (KI) interviews were conducted in all 13 project areas. The purpose of these interviews was to supplement technical information about watersheds, their contaminants, modeling, economics, and key findings. We interviewed a wide range of people to develop a systematic look at individual project results, synthesize meanings, and derive principles useful in guiding future watershed management. Findings revealed common themes, which tended to align with KI categories, regardless of location. For instance, farmers and ranchers often understood water quality problems as well as federal and state personnel and university employees do. Conservation adoption by farmers was related to perceived need, cost, and convenience of the practice, as well as practice specifics and individual situations. Possible implications of these findings are advanced.


Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a power plant that uses coal as an energy source to generate electricity. Burning coal to produce energy will produce residues in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), as well as bottom ash and fly ash which is harmful to health and the environment. To reduce pollutant emissions, RS-PLTU has implemented a co-firing system using sawdust. After 8 months of testing, it was seen that there was a decrease in exhaust emissions which could be monitored from CEMS. The total use of sawdust was 10,313.9 tons, which was only 0.54% of the initial consumption target. While the total KWh green produced is 11,108 MWh. The sawdust used comes from the waste from the local wood industry to build the local people's economy.


RATIONALE
Phytic acid (PA) is both a naturally occurring nutrient and a widely-used food additive for conferring antioxidant properties to food. PA can be found in baby foods and it is essential to monitor PA content due to its antinutritional properties when present in excess. Current methods for determining PA content are unsatisfactory because interference from inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphates complicate PA quantification.

METHODS
Baby foods were extracted by aqueous HCl, and the extractant was subjected to derivatization with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane after de-metalation using a cation exchange resin. The PA derivative was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a multi-response monitoring mode (m/z 829 -> 451).

RESULTS
The linearity of the developed analytical method ranged from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for phytic acid with R2 > 0.999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained with an intraday RSD (N=5) of 4.5% and an interday RSD (N=5) of 5.7% at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to determine PA content in various baby foods, with PA recovery between 90.6 to 119.8%.

CONCLUSIONS
A robust and sensitive method for the determination of PA in baby foods has been developed by methyl esterification with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and LC-MS/MS analysis. The established method showed good anti-interference and precision, and it has been applied for the determination of phytic acid in various baby foods.


Adult Higher Education is an important component of higher learning in China.It is regarded as an open system which contacts the society.The credit system management mode of adult's higher education is undoubtedly the double opportunity of performing its own function of educating adults and meeting the social requirements.


Polarization of opinions about vaccination can have a negative impact on pandemic control. In this work we quantify this negative impact for the transmission of COVID-19, using an agent based simulation in an heterogeneous population with multi-type networks, representing different types of social interactions. We show that the clustering of unvaccinated individuals, associated with polarization of opinion, can lead to significant differences in the evolution of the pandemic compared to deterministic model predictions. Under our realistic baseline scenario these differences are a 33pc increase of the effective reproduction number, a 157pc increase of infections at the peak and a 30pc increase in the final cumulative attack rate.


ABSTRACT An eco-friendly, expeditious one-pot multicomponent synthesis of substituted 2-phenyl quinoxaline and 7-bromo-3-(4-ethylphenyl) pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine 4a–k in water–ethanol from easily available starting materials as acetophenone 1, succinamide 2, aromatic amine 3, in situ-generated α-iodo acetophenone from acetophenone, succinamide and catalyzed by silver iodide in combination with green solvent polyethylene glycol-400 and water (2:1) under microwave irradiation. The newly developed protocol with excellent yield of products in very short time of reaction by avoiding the use of lacrimatic α-chloro and α-bromocarbonyl compounds, volatile, toxic organic hazardous solvents, and reagents is the advantage of this research work. The final products were confirmed by their characterization data such as FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass, HRMS and were compared with its reported method. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Shoot-tips of taro (Colocasia exculenta Schott.) were used as explants in tissue culture for rapid propagation of the plant. Of the three cytokinins studied (BA, ZT and KT), BA proved to be the best for bud induction. The optimum medium for bud regeneration was MS + BA 3.0~4.5 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L. Optimization experiment for bud proliferation showed that MS + BA 4.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L gave the highest propagation coefficient (5.9) after half-month culture. The optimum medium for bud rooting was MS supplemented with NAA 0.2 mg/L.


The gas sensing capability of the graphene-like two dimensional material, antimonene, was investigated by means of first principle calculation to exploit its possibility to be the high performance gas sensor which may benefit from its high surface to volume ratio similar to graphene. The H2, together with the common polluted gases, CO, CH4, H2S and SO2 were selected to examine their affinity with the antimonene monolayer according to the binding energy, charge transfer, adsorption distance and the variation of the bond length and angle. The result shows that the H2 is most chemically inert to antiomnene, followed by the CO and CH4. H2S shows slightly enhanced adsorption strength with adsorption energy of 0.1 eV higher than that of CO and CH4, while the SO2 exhibits the highest reactivity to the antimonene with the the moderate adsorption energy and the apparent charge transfer. More importantly, instead of chemisorption, the physisorption nature of SO2 on antimonene enables the easy desorption by heating and benefit for the recycling use as a gas sensor. In a nutshell, antimonene is a promising candidate as a SO2 gas sensor.


To study applying intelligent mobile equipment and power system communication, this paper selects Surface Pro as a development platform, with a typical power system dynamic angle stability problem as an example, starting from the instance modeling, programming (computing) process introduced in detail, compiling the software and the actual simulation and the result analysis, trying to provide a compatible with the smart grid development stage of learn- ing style.


Sport venue naming rights agreements represent monumental long-term marketing investments to increase brand awareness and improve a firm's image. These agreements require enormous expenditures, highlighting the importance of understanding their impact on the firm's market value. Questions of the wisdom of such investments today, which types of sport venues are most appropriate, and whether full corporate names or truncated ones are equally successful are of more than academic interest. Prior research has presented only a limited window into the efficacy of these deals. Results from the well-known event study methodology show improved stock market returns based on 122 announcements of naming rights deals, although it is found that market reactions have soured since 2001, when several firms investing in naming rights experienced insolvency. Investments in naming major league baseball or multi-sport venues have been particularly wise. Somewhat surprisingly, we observe that longer sport venue names are preferred to other name lengths.


The Netherlands is often considered a best practice of progressive sex education. In today's Dutch 'comprehensive approach' to sexual health, parents and parenting play an important role. This paper offers an analysis of ethnographic material and a content analysis of teaching material of a parenting course designed to train parents for the sex education of their children. It shows how 'sex talk' or 'talking about sex' is presented as the solution of sexual problems. Moreover it illustrates how this 'sex talk' is presented as typically Dutch and not-speaking as un-Dutch and responsible for sexual deviance. This is translated to egalitarian, communicative and reflexive practice in which teachers perform egalitarian authority. The content and form of the practices are thus synchronized.


Two patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph1 +) chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) were treated with human leucocyte interferon (HuIFN‐α). Karyotypic changes in addition to the Ph1 chromosome developed in these patients before the start of HuIFN‐α treatment. In one patient the administration of HuIFN‐α resulted in clinical haematological remission and stable suppression of the secondary Ph1 clone. The second patient was in myeloid blastic crisis when given HuIFN‐α. While she was receiving HuIFN‐α, suppression of the blast cell population in the bone marrow occurred. The subsequent cytogenetic changes included a near‐complete suppression of a secondary Ph1 clone of cells carrying a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 7 and partial population of the bone marrow with primary Ph1 clone. These observations suggest a potential role for interferons in altering the progressive course of CML.


Purpose: Meningomyelocele is the most common type of neural tube defect disease. Early surgical treatment is recommended to prevent central nervous system infection. Several reconstruction methods were reported previously regarding surgical wound defect closure following meningomyelocele excision. In this article, we report two successful patients using the bilateral fasciocutaneous sliding V-Y advancement flap as a covering for meningomyelocele defects. Methods: Two patients with meningomyelocele were evaluated. Both patients were male and received their operations on the 1st and 4th day of life. After neurosurgeons completed their part of the operation, the V-Y advancement flap was used to close the defect. Initially a bilateral V-shape incision design was made on the skin such that the base of the V-flap measures identical to the size of the wound defect. An incision was made down to the fascia in order to allow the V-flaps to slide into the defect. Subfascial dissection was performed up to 1/3 to 1/4 the length of the V-flap from the wound while minimizing injury to the perforating vessels. Results: Both patients were treated successfully and there was no evidence of complication in 2 months follow up. Conclusion: Several reconstruction methods such as local flaps, skin graft and myocutaneous flaps were reported regarding meningomyelocele surgical wound defect closure. Bilateral fasciocutaneous sliding V-Y advancement flap is an easy method without involving the underlying muscles or a secondary skin graft in a short operation time. Therefore we recommend this treatment option for reconstruction of the wound defect following meningomyelocele excision.


Lay Summary Despite the high impact of keystone individuals, such as leaders, on group behavior, their identity appears to be immaterial. By repeatedly replacing the keystone individual in groups of social spiders, we show that it is sufficient to have a keystone individual to improve group performance when attacking prey but the keystone individual does not necessarily have to be a specific or familiar individual to serve its role.


Micromorphology and miscibility of thermoplastic vulcanized rubber (TPV) processed in the experimental equipment of vibrational induction for dynamic vulcanization are analyzed using SEM and FTIR. Experimental and theoretical results show that interpenetration and entanglement of macromolecular chains in TPV under vibration force field allow the formation of a thermoplastic interpenetrating network structure. In addition, the interfacial area of two-phase interpenetrating action increases and two-phase interface becomes less pronounced, which makes two-phase miscibility increase. With the increasing of vibrational frequency or amplitude, dispersed phase dimension decreases, the rubber phase becomes finer, and the flow resistance and dispersibility of rubber particles into the plastic matrix improves. Steady and dynamic samples are of similar molecular structure and the influence of steady and dynamic states on the type and relative number of feature absorption groups is not obvious. Dynamically processed samples are of better miscibility. Through reasonable selection of vibrational parameters, processing control of dynamic vulcanization, mixing dispersion, and reactant performance can be realized, and TPV with good comprehensive properties can be obtained.


In this article, the adsorption and degradation mechanism of dimetridazole (DMZ) on anatase TiO2(101) and (001) crystal surfaces has been studied by density functional theory. The adsorption stability of DMZ on anatase surface was studied under vacuum and neutral water solvents. The most stable adsorption configuration was optimized by theoretical analysis. It was found that DMZ can be adsorbed on photocatalyst TiO2 surface under two conditions. The hydrogen bond produced in the adsorption process can enhance the stability of the adsorption structure. The stable adsorption configuration makes the C–N bond length of DMZ longer, which is conducive to the ring opening degradation reaction. We also studied the mechanism of ring opening degradation of DMZ on two crystal planes of anatase TiO2. It was found that the reaction activation energy of the degrading reaction on TiO2(101) crystal surface is very high, and the ring opening reaction is difficult to occur. On the (001) crystal surface, the opening of DMZ can be carried out under the condition of thermal reaction. We studied the effect of the water solvation on the degradation reaction. It was found that the activation energies of DMZ on the anatase TiO2 surface was reduced, indicating that the solvent conditions could promote the degradation reaction.


AbstractCriticality safety and adherence to established keff criteria had to be demonstrated for the various defueling operations performed at Three Mile Island Unit 2. This included determination of adequate neutron poisoning for the reactor coolant system (RCS), design of the defueling canisters, the canister-handling devices, the storage racks, and the shipping cask. Tools, equipment, and support systems required for the defueling operation also had to adhere to criticality safety requirements. The keff criterion used to define the poison concentration for the RCS was ≤0.99. This criterion, coupled with an extremely conservative core model, led to a poison concentration that provided an appropriate margin of safety. To define the fixed poison requirements for the defueling canisters, a keff criterion of <0.95 was used for both single canisters and arrays in all credible configurations. For all design analyses, bounding assumptions were made. For each set of analyses performed, the evaluation of keff in...


Given an affine 4x4 modeling transformation matrix, we derive the matrix that represents the transformation of a surface's normal vectors. This is similar to the modeling matrix only when any scaling is isotropic. We further derive results for transformations of light direction vectors and shading computations in clipping space.


The three [6,6]-ring bridged methanofullerenes 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized; their ground-state absorption spectra in toluene and cyclohexane solutions are presented and possible assignments discussed. Although these three molecules are very different, they have very similar triplet–triplet spectra and near-unity values for the quantum yield for O2(1Δg) production by energy transfer from the triplet states, implying that the quantum yield of triplet production is approximately 1.


The invention relates to a three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire compatible electrical parameter signal measurement and process system, which is characterized in that the system consists of a voltage connecting terminal, a current connection terminal, a connection mode switch, a divider resistor, a signal process circuit and a microcontroller MCU, wherein the signal process circuit is formed by orderly connecting a voltage transformer, a voltage path filter, a current transformer, a current path filter and a single phase electrical parameter measurement chip in series; the system is provided with three sets of independent signal process circuits totally; the voltage connecting terminal is externally connected with a power grid and is internally connected with the voltage transformer; the current connection terminal is externally connected in series to a power gird phase line and is internally connected to the current transformer in sequence; the voltage connection terminal and the current connection terminal are internally connected to the signal process circuit according to the respective access so as to read the parameter values of the circuits to a microcontroller and calculate to obtain the three-phase electrical parameters. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce the manufacturing cost, simplify the management of production and storage as well as the sale and is convenient for a user to buy and select the type.


In recent years, increased interest in renewable energy sources, in particular hydroelectricity. The article considers the possibility of electrification of remote areas of the Kemerovo region with micro hydroelectric power station, and provides information about the hydroelectric potential of the rivers region Mountain Shoria.The work was carried out classification of the main types of structures of micro hydroelectric power station.The possibility of a stand-alone power supply system based on micro hydro, are the basic requirements for such systems and their design philosophy.On the positive side of hydropower refers, first of all, the absence of emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere, as well as the relatively low cost of the energy produced.Hydropower resources of the region are not used and are conducive to the development of small hydropower.


Lewis Research Center senior management directed that the aeropropulsion facilities be put under configuration control. A Configuration Management (CM) program was established by the Facilities Management Branch of the Aeropropulsion Facilities and Experiments Division. Under the CM program, a support service contractor was engaged to staff and implement the program. The Aeronautics Directorate has over 30 facilities at Lewis of various sizes and complexities. Under the program, a Facility Baseline List (FBL) was established for each facility, listing which systems and their documents were to be placed under configuration control. A Change Control System (CCS) was established requiring that any proposed changes to FBL systems or their documents were to be processed as per the CCS. Limited access control of the FBL master drawings was implemented and an audit system established to ensure all facility changes are properly processed. This procedures manual sets forth the policy and responsibilities to ensure all key documents constituting a facilities configuration are kept current, modified as needed, and verified to reflect any proposed change. This is the essence of the CM program.


The exponential growth of mobile videos has enabled a variety of video crowdsourcing applications. However, existing crowdsourcing approaches require all video files to be uploaded, wasting a large amount of bandwidth since not all crowdsourced videos are useful. Moreover, it is difficult for applications to find desired videos based on user-generated annotations, which can be inaccurate or miss important information. To address these issues, we present VideoMec, a video crowdsourcing system that automatically generates video descriptions based on various geographical and geometrical information, called metadata, from multiple embedded sensors in off-the-shelf mobile devices. With VideoMec, only a small amount of metadata needs to be uploaded to the server, hence reducing the bandwidth and energy consumption of mobile devices. Based on the uploaded metadata, VideoMec supports comprehensive queries for applications to find and fetch desired videos. For time-sensitive applications, it may not be possible to upload all desired videos in time due to limited wireless bandwidth and large video files. Thus, we formalize two optimization problems and propose efficient algorithms to select the most important videos to upload under bandwidth and time constraints. We have implemented a prototype of VideoMec, evaluated its performance, and demonstrated its effectiveness based on real experiments.


We theoretically investigate an all-fiber interleaver consisting of a two-stage cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The simulation results of the all-fiber interleaver presented symmetrical and asymmetrical output spectra and a uniform flat-top spectral response by changing the coupling coefficient of the couplers. In addition, the interleaver proposed can realize arbitrary passband width ratio between the two output ports by adjusting the coupling coefficient of the couplers involved. A near box-shaped spectral response can be generated through setting suitable parameters, at the same time, the passband and stopband of optical interleaver are improved significantly. This interleaver proposed should be useful to realize the deployment of flat-top all-fiber asymmetric interleaver in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks of high spectral efficiency.


Towards Understanding Powder Behavior Via Simulation Simo-Matti Siiriä The aim of this study was to investigate powder and tablet behavior at the level of mechanical interactions between single particles. Various aspects of powder packing, mixing, compression, and bond formation were examined with the aid of computer simulations. The packing and mixing simulations were based on spring forces interacting between particles. Packing and breakage simulations included systems in which permanent bonds were formed and broken between particles, based on their interaction strengths. During the process, a new simulation environment based on Newtonian mechanics and elementary interactions between the particles was created, and a new method for evaluating mixing was developed. Powder behavior is a complicated process, and many of its aspects are still unclear. Powders as a whole exhibit some aspects of solids and others of liquids. Therefore, their physics is far from clear. However, using relatively simple models based on particle-particle interaction, many powder properties could be replicated during this work. Simulated packing densities were similar to values reported in the literature. The method developed for describing powder mixing correlated well with previous methods. The new method can be applied to determine mixing in completely homogeneous materials, without dividing them into different components. As such, it can describe the efficiency of the mixing method, regardless of the powder's initial setup. The mixing efficiency at different vibrations was examined, and we found that certain combinations of amplitude, direction, and frequencies resulted in better mixing while using less energy. Simulations using exponential force potentials between particles were able to explain the elementary compression behavior of tablets, and create force distributions that were similar to the pressure distributions reported in the literature. Tablet-breaking simulations resulted in breaking strengths that were similar to measured tablet breaking strengths. In general, many aspects of powder behavior can be explained with mechanical interactions at the particle level, and single particle properties can be reliably linked to powder behavior with accurate simulations.


In this paper, the hardness test, electrical properties test, accelerated weathering test and hydrophobic test are used to analysis and compare the properties with shed and housing materials for composite insulator. The results show that the hardness, surface resistivity, volume resistivity and AC breakdown strength of polyolefin materials are higher than silicone rubber. Particularly, the volume resistivity of polyolefin material is higher than silicone rubber with three orders of magnitude. After 1000h accelerated weathering test, the mechanical properties of the materials are decreased, the tensile strength of silicone rubber obviously decrease, which is 11.8% lower than untreated one. The mechanical properties of polyolefin materials after accelerated weathering test are better. Compared with silicone rubber, the surface roughness of polyolefin materials is smaller, the static contact angle of polyolefin materials is lower. But the hydrophobicity classes of both materials are HC1.


Introduction Sabine Wilke: Kafka, Modernism, and Beyond I: Kafka's Slippages Stanley Corngold: Ritardando in Das Schlos Imke Meyer: Kafka's "A Hunger Artist" as Allegory of Bourgeois Subject Construction II: Kafka Effects Jens Rieckmann: Hofmannsthal after 1918: The Present as Exile Rolf Goebel: Yvan Goll's Die Eurokokke: a Reading Through Walter Benjamin's Passagen-Werk III: Narrative Theory Gail Finney: Else Meets Dora: Narratology as a Tool for Illuminating Literary Trauma Heidi Schlipphacke: "Das kleine Ich": Robert Menasse and Masculinity in Real Time Judith R. Ryan: Sebald's Encounters with French Narrative IV: Autobiography Lorna Martens: Gender, Psychoanalysis, and Childhood Autobiography: Christa Wolf's Kindheitsmuster Walter H. Sokel: Provisional Existence.


Research subject. The results of studying the geology and mineralogy of the Poldnevskoye deposit of demantoid are presented. Material and methods. The factual material was collected during feld research. Demantoid samples were pro vided by mine owners. Rock and vein minerals were studied in hand specimens, polished specimens and thin sections; the chemical composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray spectral microanalysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with laser sampling (LA-ICP-MS).Results. The Korkodinsky ultrabasic massif containing the deposit experienced strong decompression and syndecompression mineral formation during the ascent. At an early stage, veins of clinopyroxenite formed in dunite, which also experienced decompression cracking. Then the rocks underwent antigoritization and the appearance of vein antigorite, which was replaced by veins of clinochrysotile (+ magnetite ± carbonate ± demantoid). This was followed by the formation of lizardite (+ magnetite ± carbonate ± demantoid), which also developed along the earlier vein serpentines. Demantoid is represented by rounded grains and rounded grain aggregates with the signs of growth under the conditions of allround extension. The predominant color is brownish-green, yellow-green, rarely green and dark green. Green and dark green demantoids contain Cr2O3 0.52–2.3 wt %. In the central part of some grains and demantoid aggregates, a brown color is observed, which binds to TiO2, the content of which reaches 1 wt %. The demantoids of the Poldnevskoye deposit bear typomorphic features of the Ural-type demantoids (inclusions of the "horse's tail" type). The distribution of demantoid is nested. The length of the veins with demantoid is frst meters. Their pillar-like shape is assumed. Conclusion.Demantoids from nests in serpentinized massive or brecciform dunites are more intact; demantoid nests in strongly serpentinized rocks were tectonic crushed and contain little gemstone.


A range of 4-substituted prolines can be rapidly synthesized from a protected glycine Schiff base in only four steps and in 27-55% overall yield. Phase transfer catalysis allows direct access to both enantiomeric series, and the relative stereochemistry at the 4-position is readily controlled (>10:1 dr) through the choice of hydrogenation conditions.


Abstract: Soil-applied broadleaf herbicides for weed management in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ontario are limited. Sulfentrazone is an effective broadleaf herbicide with some grass activity and is currently registered for use in soybean and some pulse crops in Canada. If registered for use in dry beans in Ontario, sulfentrazone would provide growers with another mode of action for broadleaf weed control. Five field studies were conducted over a two year period (2014–2015) to determine the tolerance of white beans to sulfentrazone applied pre-emergence (PRE) and if the spectrum of weeds controlled can be expanded by tank-mixing sulfentrazone with a soil-applied grass herbicide. Sulfentrazone (140 and 210 g ai ha-1) was mixed with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-p, s-metolachlor or pyroxasulfone. All the tankmixes evaluated provided good control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), pigweeds (Amaranthus powelli L. and A. retroflexus L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), but only sulfentrazone + pendimethalin had an adequate margin of crop safety. Based on this study, sulfentrazone combined with a grass herbicide provides acceptable control of some grass and broadleaf weed species; however, further research is required to determine if there is an adequate margin of crop safety for weed management in Ontario dry beans.


Accreditation of clinical laboratories aims at pushing quality of operation towards a level specified in international standards for laboratory medicine, mainly the EN-ISO 15189 [1]. A key issue is the requirement to specify the uncertainty in measurements according to another internationally agreed document, the JCGM "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement", commonly known as GUM [2]. The concept of uncertainty has been met with some skepticism in the profession, due to the difficulties in identifying procedural sources of uncertainty. Ramamohan et al. [3] describe an approach to resolve this difficulty by a generally applicable method. Some background discussion of quality assessment in the laboratory may be justified before commenting on this approach. Quality control in laboratory medicine and, in particular, clinical chemistry has a long history. In principle there are two aspects that are routinely monitored, the imprecision or random error, and the bias, or systematic error, of the results. Essentially, internal quality control (IQC) addresses imprecision whereas external quality assessment (EQA), or proficiency testing (PT), aims at assessing bias. The publication by Belk and Sunderman [4, 5] in 1947 is often regarded as the starting point of EQA whereas the IQC has developed gradually over the years since the 1970s when Westgard, Groth and de Verdier [6, 7] introduced simulations as a scientific tool to evaluate and design control rules. The performance of the laboratory can thus be satisfactorily described in terms of random and systematic errors. The metric "total error" (TE), defined as the "net effect of method bias and imprecision" includes both types of error in a single metric [8, 9]. A common objection to the TE is that if a known bias is included, why keep it? Furthermore, bias has a sign whereas the imprecision is a characteristic of a distribution. Therefore the quantities included in the TE are not really comparable. The RiLiBAEK [10], the mandatory IQC system in Germany, relies on the root mean square (RMS) which can be transferred to a single metric, including experimental variance and bias. GUM, first published in 1993 and successively updated is now freely available on the Internet [2]. The document is a result of the collaboration of the seven most influential international professional organizations in pure and applied chemistry and physics including a representative of the accreditation bodies. The GUM has been embraced by accreditation standards, e.g., EN/ISO 17025 and EN/ISO 15189 [1] which require that the uncertainty in the measurements (MU) in accredited laboratories is estimated according to GUM and made available to the end-user. Several practical guidelines have been published [11–15] to assist laboratories to estimate the MU. The GUM requires that the variance of each the input quantities is calculated using statistical (Type A) methods or estimated (Type B) based on experience or literature information. The result obtained by the measurement is the "best estimate" of the quantity (measurand) and the attached uncertainty indicates an interval within which the "true" result is anticipated to be, at a certain level of confidence. The "standard uncertainties" of the input quantities are shown in an "uncertainty budget" and eventually combined according to a "measurement function" or model, using mathematical rules of error propagation to obtain the "combined uncertainty" of the procedure. MU requires that the bias is estimated and reduced, eliminated or – if judged insignificant – disregarded. The elimination of a bias is accompanied by an uncertainty which shall be included in the combined uncertainty. Details of how this is accomplished is described – with worked examples – in the CLSI document C51 [11], the CITAC Guide 4 [12], a technical report from Eurolab [13] and experience from the Australian group [14, 15]. Elimination of the bias may represent a paradigm shift in metrology since it requires, and allows, a recalculation of results according to some algorithm based on comparison of samples, recognized as recalibration. Although the traceability and quality of calibrators, much thanks to IFCC, has improved, it does not seem to solve the problem of obtaining comparable results of measurements in laboratory medicine. Therefore, harmonization of results, i.e., recalibration, in addition to the standardization of


The solubilities of β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione (canthaxanthin) in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, cyclohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and trichloromethane were measured by a synthetic method over the temperature range from (293.15 to 343.15) K at atmospheric pressure. A laser monitoring observation technique was employed to determine the dissolution of the solid phase in a solid−liquid system. The experimental solubilities were fitted by the modified Apelblat equation with the deviation less than 2.7 %.


The technology of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advancing at a dramatic rate. MRI is now done at medium and higher field strengths with more specialized surface coils and with more variable pulse sequences and postprocessing techniques than ever before. These innumerable technical advances are advantageous as they lead to an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio and increased variety of soft‐tissue contrast options. However, at the same time they potentially produce more imaging artifacts when compared with past techniques. Substantial technical advances have considerable clinical challenges in musculoskeletal radiology such as postoperative patient imaging, cartilage mapping, and molecular imaging. In this review we consider technical advances in hardware and software of musculoskeletal MRI along with their clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:775–787. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


By introducing new courses and new methods of instruction, engineering education is meeting the challenge of industry to teach engineers how to solve problems involving economic and social as well as engineering aspects. A few of the steps already taken or contemplated in this direction by several leading engineering colleges are outlined in this paper.


In this paper the use of double-layers walls for shielded enclosures is proposed to increase the shielding effectiveness of them. The effect of distance between two layers and the offset between two apertures in the shielding effectiveness is investigated. To analyze enclosures with double-layers wall, the eigenvector expansion and the Bethe's approximation have been used.


Clock synchronization is highly desirable in distributed systems, including many applications in the Internet of Things and Humans (IoTH). For IoTH, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - a subset of the recent Bluetooth v4:0 stack - provides a low-power and loosely coupled mechanism for sensor data collection with ubiquitous units (e.g., smartphones and tablets) carried by humans. This fundamental design paradigm of BLE is enabled by a range of broadcast advertising modes. While its operational benefits are numerous, the lack of a common time reference in the broadcast mode of BLE has been a fundamental limitation. This work presents and describes CheepSync: a time synchronization service architecture for BLE advertisers. We implement CheepSync on custom designed nRF24Cheep beacon platforms (as broadcasters) and commercial off-the-shelf Android ported smartphones (as passive listeners); and show that the average (single hop) time synchronization accuracy is in the 10 μs range.


All project is divided in different phases, habitually sequential, that allow a control on the evolution of the project and they enable its administration. T...


Background: Typhoid is a disease that still becomes a problem in the developing countries. Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium; therefore, the immunity system playing the role in this case is the cellular system.Merremia mammosa is a traditional medicinal plant containing many active compounds that may accelerate the function of lymphocyte proliferation and production of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) of the macrophage.
Objective: To prove the influence of Merremia mammosa extract on the increase of lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage ROI production of Balb/C mice infected by Salmonella typhimurium.
Method: This research was an experimental research using the post test only control group design on the experimental animals of Balb/C mice, consisting of 24 male mice, and divided into 4 groups. (C) was the control group infected by
Salmonella typhimurium, and the treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) were provided with Merremia mammosa extract with stepped dosages (0.32 mg, 1.6 mg, and 8 mg) for 13 days, infected by Salmonella typhimurium on the 6th day a much as
105. On the 14th day, splenocyte and peritoneal exudates cells (PEC) isolations were conducted continued with the observation of lymphocyte proliferation. The data were collected from the counting of relative amount of lymphoblast in every 200 cells in the homogenous areas; and for the observation of macrophage ROI production, the data were collected from the calculation of the percentage in every 50 macrophage cells and the degrees are determined.
Results: The average mass of the control spleen was heavier than that of the treatment groups (362.00 and 160.00) with (P = 0.000); the average amount of control lymphocyte was lower than that of the treatment groups (700.00 and
3,700.00) with (P = 0.000); the average relative amount of control lymphoblast was lower than that of the treatment groups (73.80 and 108.33) with (P = 0.000); meanwhile, the average of macrophage ROI production of the control was lower than that of the treatment groups (1.640 and 3.400) with (P = 0.005).
Conclusion: Merremia mammosa extract is able to increase the lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage ROI production significantly.
Keywords: lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage ROI production, Merremia mammosa, Salmonella typhimurium


The standard treatment of conditional probability leaves conditional probability undefined when the conditioning proposition has zero probability. Nonetheless, some find the option of extending the scope of conditional probability to include zero-probability conditions attractive or even compelling. This articles reviews some of the pitfalls associated with this move, and concludes that, for the most part, probabilities conditional on zero-probability propositions are more trouble than they are worth. ∗But if you try, sometimes, you find you get what you need.


HISTORIANS OF EUROPEAN SOCIETIES HAVE LONG EXAMINED THE MEMORY, myth, commemoration and remembrance of World War I after 1918. In contrast, historians of Soviet Russia have argued that the Great War disappeared from official, public and popular memories. The rejection of an ideologically suspect 'imperialist war' in favour of myths built around Revolution and the Russian Civil War made the Soviet Union unique amongst combatants in ignoring, forgetting and marginalising the memory of World War I. Karen Petrone's excellent book attempts to 'integrate the Soviet Union into the pan-European history of the memory of World War I' (p. 13) by challenging the traditional understanding of the erasure of the Great War from Russian memory. The goal of this groundbreaking study is to explore the existence, and analyse the shifting boundaries, of a discourse of World War I remembrance on the margins of Soviet culture. Petrone argues, 'that the absence of official commemoration did not mean the absence of war memory itself' (p. 6). Indeed, given the scale of wartime mobilisation, death, disfigurement, displacement and suffering, it is surprising that scholars have so often accepted that World War I memory disappeared from official and popular consciousness. In the book's eight chapters Petrone demonstrates how a complex and varied remembrance of war experience occurred regularly in Soviet interwar culture. The memory of the Great War did not disappear as the result of official edict, but developed and evolved 'over decades through thousands of individual bureaucratic, personal, or institutional contests in which memory of the war was both intentionally and unintentionally protected or undermined' (p. 8). This analysis of the public representation of World War I rests on a wide survey of Soviet cultural products, including films, the visual arts, museum exhibits, official military histories, published document collections, journalism and memoirs, produced between 1917 and 1945. However, Petrone's most important source materials, in terms of both their impact on popular perceptions and the attention she devotes to them, are literary fiction and memoirs. At the centre of this book is a close textual analysis and study of the reception of Soviet World War I literature. Some of these works, most notably Sholokhov's Quiet Flows the Don, will be familiar to many readers, others less so. Yet, many of these works were popular in the interwar decades, and were published in numerous editions. Petrone's insightful reading of these sources reveals much that is surprising, and even shocking, about what could be expressed publicly about the violence, brutality and horror of World War I. Four key themes are at the heart of the contested World War I discourses on which Petrone focuses: religion, heroic masculinity, violence and patriotism. These conceptual reference points, all common analytical tools for historians of European World War I memory, allow Petrone the opportunity to demonstrate the Soviet Union's relationship to wider trends in interwar Europe. Faith, contested masculinities, the brutalising effects of wartime violence, and the nature of competing national and international identities, although they took different forms, were as much part of Russian as European debates about war memory. Chapter One begins by exploring the Moscow City Fraternal Cemetery, one of the most visible war memorials created during World War I. The cemetery serves as a metaphor for World War I memory in Russia, abandoned and neglected but never completely erased. The book concludes by bringing the


Electromagnetic waves are widely used for the assessment of architectural structures, like walls, wood beams, stone, and concrete. Ultrasound, Ground Penetrating Radar, and impedance tomography are commercially available and largely used for deep investigation, but the resolution on the first range of 10-20 cm is not particularly effective. The interest of authors is the development of a robust and user-friendly non-destructive measurement system to diagnose the materials used in masonry until 20 cm in depth, with a resolution less than 2cm. A similar system could be crucial to diagnose hidden defects within the material in order to prevent damages and to properly design remedial intervention.


This paper presents an algorithm for finite element simulation induction heating of steel cylinders. Such cylinders have been installed as calender rolls in the Calcoil system for paper plants. This algorithm is used in place of the pre-processor module in EMRC NISA II software. A special pre-processing program has been designed for modelling of a typical section of the cylinder. Computed results are compared to infrared measurements of a laboratory model of a calender roll. And, finally, the possibilities of utilizing and developing the algorithm are discussed.<<ETX>>


Microarray-CGH experiments are used to detect and map chromosomal imbalances, by hybridizing targets of genomic DNA from a test and a reference sample to sequences immobilized on a slide. A CGH profile can be viewed as a succession of segments that represent homogeneous regions in the genome whose representative sequences (or BACs) share the same relative copy number on average. Segmentation methods constitute a natural framework for the analysis, but they do not assess a biological status to the detected segments. We propose a new model for this segmentation-clustering problem, combining a segmentation model with a mixture model. We present an hybrid algorithm to estimate the parameters of the model by maximum likelihood. This algorithm is based on dynamic programming and on the EM algorithm. We also propose to adaptively estimate the number of segments when the number of clusters is fixed. An example of our procedure is presented, based on publicly available data sets.


The antenna used for satellite position and communication system usually has a wide beam and a good gain performance at low elevation.The paper studies a quadrifilar helix antenna with good radiation property and proposes a new one.It has four feed ports and the phase difference between two borders upon ports is 90 degree.The simulation results indicate that this antenna has a good performance of axial ratio and gain pattern.


The invention provides a lead wire framework used for a packaging structure without a pin and a manufacturing method thereof, and the packaging structure. The lead wire framework comprises a framework body and a plurality of conductive piles penetrating the framework body. One surface of the framework body is provided with a conductive bonding pad electrically connected to the conductive piles. A position on the surface of the framework body, which is not provided with the conductive bonding pad, is used for placing a chip. The conductive bonding pad is electrically connected to the chip through a metal line. The framework body is made of an insulating material. The framework, the method and the structure have advantages that the insulation lead wire framework body is used to support the chip; after plastic packaging, there is no exposed base island; a QFN/DFN packaging demand without the exposed base island can be realized; a structure design of the framework is reasonable; wiring layout is effectively improved, a wire length is shortened and a wiring risk is reduced; a space in a plastic packaging body can be effectively used so as to realize packaging of a small size packaging body; there is no metal on a cutting channel, an arrangement density is high and cost is effectively reduced.


Mitochondrial free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) is regulated by Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ uniporter and Ca2+ efflux via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger as well as by Ca2+ buffering via mitochondrial metabolites and proteins. However, [Ca2+]m regulation during transient state‐3 respiration is not well understood. To test competing hypotheses and gain a quantitative understanding of [Ca2+]m regulation, we developed a detailed computational model by integrating our recent biophysical models of cation transporters into our existing model of mitochondrial bioenergetics. The model also accounts for binding and buffering of cations with proteins and metabolites, including ATP, ADP and Pi. Experiments were conducted to measure [Ca2+]m, [Ca2+]e, ΔΨm, [NADH]m, and matrix volume in guinea pig heart mitochondria suspended in Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ free buffer (1 mM EGTA) respiring with 0.5 mM pyruvic acid. Dynamics were inferred by adding CaCl2 (0.25, 0.5, 0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 1.0 mM) followed by 250 μM ADP with or without 25 μM RuR, 1 mM MgCl2, and ANT and F1F0‐ATPase blockers. Model analyses of the data suggest (a) [Ca2+]m is regulated by Ca2+ phosphate precipitation, (b) [Ca2+]m is a feedback inhibitor and [Mg2+]e is a competitive inhibitor of Ca2+ influx, (c) matrix [ADP] may activate Ca2+ influx during ADP phosphorylation, and (d) ATP synthesis leads to matrix contraction and contributes to the transient increases in [Ca2+]m during state‐3 respiration.


Abstract : Contents: Artificial Cells as Carriers, Biological Cells as Carriers, Liposomes as Carriers, Antibodies Complexed Carriers, Carriers in Enzyme Therapy, Microcapsules and Microspheres in Experimental Therapy, Carriers for Controlled Release, Novel Carrier System, and Liposomes in Therapy and Diagnosis