This study establishes a structural model to measure user satisfaction toward mobile commerce (m-commerce) from the perspective of m-commerce participants by analyzing factors influencing user satisfaction. A questionnaire survey on 428 m-commerce users is conducted. The model is verified by regression analysis and other analytical methods, and factors influencing the user satisfaction are determined. The features of m-commerce applications, performances of mobile intelligent terminals, and service quality of m-commerce are key factors influencing user satisfaction.This study proposes suggestions and recommendations to enhance user satisfaction and improve the vitality of m-commerce ecosystem. It further promotes mcommerce among customers, and thus increasing efficiency in learning, living, and working.The conclusions explain the factors influencing user satisfaction and provide recommendations and references for mobile network service providers, smart phone manufacturers, mobile application service providers, and other m-commerce participants to increase their market shares.


This paper uses the method of fuzzy subaggregate to build a suitable membership degree function for analyzing the relationship between "demand of loans and interest rate",and presents a fuzzy curvilinear model of adjusting interest rate and forecasting demand of loans.


We prove the stochastic stability of an open class of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, each of which admits two centers $E^c_1$ and $E^c_2$ such that any Gibbs $u$-state admits only positive (resp. negative) Lyapunov exponents along $E^c_1$ (resp. $E^c_2$).


A 39-year-old gentleman with known HIV, on anti-retroviral therapy with an undetectable viral load, treated Hepatitis C, and a recent intravenous drug user presented with abdominal pain and general malaise over 6 weeks. He had recently finished a course of flucloxacillin for left foot cellulitis. On examination, he was afebrile, cachectic, had no stigmata …


Within the civil engineering industry there are numerous methods of communicating knowledge. These include formal methods, such as through peer-reviewed papers, conferences and websites, and informal methods such as new teams coming together and sharing their experiences. However, knowledge management is more than just communicating lessons; it involves the creation, capture, sharing and leveraging of knowledge and, without all these aspects present is unlikely to be effective. Capturing all useful knowledge in a project life cycle and cascading the lessons learnt to industry, and indeed within organisations, presents a significant challenge to achieve consistently. This paper presents a tried-and-tested solution which employs a named individual on each project, the knowledge capture coordinator, in conjunction with a framework of technical, discipline-led, networks. In essence, the knowledge capture coordinator is responsible for capturing learning on the project and feeding past learning into the start ...


The complex challenges brought on by Solvency II creates an increasing need for a concise and transparent methodology. Our contribution is the introduction of a framework that identifies and decomposes the factors influencing the demand of economic capital into providers and consumers. The advantage of the methodology is that if enables us to asses the aggregated demand of economic capital through analysis of the effects of diversification, reinsurance, and embedded value. As a result, the framework serves as a link between the complex analysis within the model and information that is an adequate and natural part of the strategic and decision processes. The methodology is useful for decision making within the insurance sector because of the clarity of the information it produces. In our experience, it has been met with enthusiasm.


Introduction: Long-held societal beliefs about the incompetence and dependence of people who are blind are thought to contribute to their low employment rates. This experimental study examined the impact of a meeting between a vocational rehabilitation (VR) professional and a hiring manager on these beliefs, or implicit attitudes, about the competence of people who are blind. Method: Participants were 57 hiring managers working for a financial services company in the southern United States who participated in a one-hour meeting with a VR professional. Two VR professionals, one sighted and one blind, conducted the meetings, utilizing one of two approaches, resulting in a 4 (group) × 3 (time) experimental design. Implicit attitudes were measured with the Implicit Association Test-Blind & Visually Impaired (IAT-BVI) at pre-test, post-test, and a 4-month follow-up and data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: IAT-BVI scores decreased significantly following the meeting, though the size of the change was small. Type of approach and the interaction between approach and the VR professional's vision status were not significantly associated with IAT-BVI change. Although vision status was not significantly associated with IAT-BVI change, follow-up analyses documented that participants who met with the blind VR professional had a significant decrease in IAT-BVI scores. Discussion: Hiring managers' implicit attitudes significantly improved following a meeting with a VR professional, providing evidence that a brief interaction can decrease employers' implicit bias regarding the competence of blind people. In addition, hiring managers who met with the blind VR professional showed significant improvement in their implicit attitudes after the meeting, with a medium-to-large effect. Implications for Practice: VR professionals should communicate with employers as much as possible about the work capabilities of individuals who are blind to help improve their implicit attitudes, and be aware that incorporating exposure to a competent blind person may result in a greater impact.


"γ 'and / or γ" in the process of producing a strip with Fe-Ni alloy of the tissue hardening "type, and this strip has a thermal expansion coefficient less than at While, by cold working the strip softened by the compression ratio of 5% or more to prepare a cold worked strip, and maintain the cold worked strip at 900 ℃ ~1200 ℃ for 30-5 seconds or 15-5 minutes 900 ℃ ~1050 ℃ to static crack is carried out in a recrystallization annealing operation in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere. And then it cooled to a temperature not higher than 500 ℃ at a sufficient cooling rate to prevent the formation of hardening precipitates in. The strip is made of Fe-Ni alloy. Strip, hardening, annealing, cold rolling, cold working


BACKGROUND
 Fatigue is one of the most common subjective symptom,due to lack of objective diagnostic criteria ,it is often neglected,especially in the early stage of disease.It is very important to establish an objective evaluation method for diagnosis of disease fatigue and non-disease fatigue based on tongue and pulse data. Our research team has been engaged in the informatization and intelligentization research of TCM diagnosis technology for more than 30 years, we have been engaged in health evaluation and analysis of large clinical sample data for many years, and accumulated a certain amount of typical data,in this area of research, foundation of our work has outstanding advantages.

 OBJECTIVE
 The purposes of this study is to explore a new method for clinical diagnosis of fatigue, by analyzing the characteristic of objective tongue and pulse data of disease fatigue subjects and sub-health fatigue subjects, and establishing the diagnosis and classification models of sub-health fatigue and disease fatigue based on the tongue and pulse data.

 METHODS
 In this study,736 subjects were selected from the Physical Examination Center, and were divided into healthy control, sub-health fatigue group and disease fatigue group according to physical examination indexes and health status assessment criteria. TFDA-1 tongue diagnosis instrument and PDA-1 pulse diagnosis instrument independently developed were used to collect the tongue image and sphygmogram of the subjects. Multivariate statistical analysis methods were usded to analyze the tongue and pulse data distribution pattern of the fatigue subjects, and machine learning methods were used to establish the diagnostic classification models of fatigue.

 RESULTS
 The tongue feature TB-a,TB-b,TB-H,TB-S,TB-I,TB-Cb,TC-L,TC-H,TC-I,TC-Y,TC-Cr,TC-Cb,perAll and perPart were statistically significant different among three groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The sphygmogram feature t1,t4,h5,W1,W2,W1/t and W2/t showed statistically significant differences among three groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was a canonical correlation between the tongue and pulse data in the disease fatigue group, and the correlation coefficient was 0.649 (P<0.05). Logistic Regression models showed good classification efficiency for data sets of " tongue ", " basic information "and "tongue + pulse + basic information". The area under ROC curve was 0.7352, 0.9089 and 0.9460, respectively. And the Neural Network models showed better classification efficiency for data sets of " pulse " and "tongue + pulse", the area under ROC curve was 0.7957 and 0.8293, respectively. Besides Logistic Regression and Neural Network, Random Forest and SVM also showed good classification results in the diagnosis models. And the classification efficiency of models based on different data sets had the following trends in the three groups: "tongue"models <"pulse" models <" tongue+pulse"models <" basic information"models <" tongue+pulse+basic information "models.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Sub-health fatigue and disease fatigue subjects had different tongue and pulse characteristic. Diagnosis and classification models can be established using basic information, tongue and pulse data to explore a new method for evaluating fatigue state.


The article describes the features of the state of attention of mentally retarded students in grades 1-4. The dependence of the specific function of attention from the psychosomatic health of mentally retarded students. The data obtained from the use of the balancing board Dr. F. Belgau correction attention mentally retarded students in learning activities.


To review and synthesise the available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions targeting unsafe child faeces disposal in reducing this behaviour and improving child health in low‐ and middle‐income countries.


Purpose: Our aims were to determine the prevalence of physicians' adherence to antithrombotic guidelines in the management of outpatients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and to identify risk factors for nonadherence to treatment guidelines.
Methods: Data on drug treatment, stroke risk factors and psychosocial variables were analyzed descriptively in a cross-sectional communitybased multicentre study. Predictors for nonadherence with guidelines for antithrombotic prophylaxis of AF patients were identified using logistic regression.
Results: Of 413 outpatients with chronic AF attending the offices of family physicians, 184 (44.6%) were treated according to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2001 guidelines. In the group of patients with a high risk of stroke (n=387), 178 patients (46.0%) received guideline-adherent treatment. 31 of the high-risk patients received coumarin although they had at least one contraindication. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of absolute contraindications to coumarins to be an independent predictor of guidelinenonadherent treatment.
 Conclusion: To improve guideline-adherence in the antithrombotic treatment in AF outpatients, strategies involving individual assessment of the risks and benefits will need to be established and implemented.


Abstract The detailed mechanisms of pH-independent cleavage and isomerization reactions of the phosphodiester bond are evaluated by examining kinetics of hydrolytic reactions of selected mono- and dialkyl esters of 3′-uridylic acid. The mechanistic choices are made by comparing LFER's between reaction rates and acidity of the alkyl group of phosphodi- and triesters.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the blood transfusion-transmitted infection markers in the hospitatized patients of the eye hospital,and analyze its clinical values in control of nosocomial infections.METHODS Four indexes of blood transfusion-transmitted marker including the hepatitis B virus markers(HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,and HBcAb),hepatitis C virus antibody(Anti-HCV),human immunodeficiency virus antibody(Anti-HIV),and Treponema pallidum antibody(Anti-TP) were detected by using ELISA,and the alanine aminotrans ferase was detected at the same time.RESULTS Of 16 551 hospitalized patients investigated,there were 426(2.58%) patients carrying or being infected with HBV,294(1.78%) patients with HBsAg+HBeAb+HBcAb tested positive,60(0.36%) patients with HBsAg+HBeAg+HBcAb tested positive,71(0.42%) patients with HBsAg+HBcAb tested psotive.There were 43 patients with the elevated alanine aminotransferase.There were 60(0.36%) cases with anti-HCV tested postitive and 3(0.02%) cases with primary screening test positive for anti-HIV,3 cases were confirmed by the CDC in Tianjin,and there were 11(0.07%) cases with T.pallidum antibody(anti-TP) tested positive.CONCLUSION It is of great significance in effective prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections and cross infections to detect blood transfusion-transmitted markers.


Coleridge's poem is here read as the text of an oblique theophany. The self-binding and simultaneity of frost is enacted in a diction characterised by a dense interlace of verbal echoes and by a rhythm of alternation in three aspects: contraction-expansion in perspective; linguistic register; and poetic mode. The style thus launched is later imitated largely in abstraction from its sacramental animation of all things, the exception being Hopkins, whose 'inscape' it prefigures. Coleridge's 'poetry of search' mutates with twentieth-century modernism into a 'poetry of statement' in which resonant image and textual allusion are free of the need to be realistically circumstantiated and which its readers are free to interpret with or against the grain of any periphrastic theology it might portend.


cleavage reactions of lignin model the direct the of using in chemi-cals The yield of monomeric aromatics The present study investigated the conversion of organosolv-lignin, which is generally a low-denaturation lignin, using our one-step process to achieve depolymerization of organosolv-lignin, and obtained a maximum yield of aromatic monomers of 12.7 % using a Lignin is a potentially useful source of aromatic monomers. Depolymerization of organosolv-lignin into aromatic monomers was investigated over charcoal-supported palladium, platinum, rhodium, or ruthenium catalyst (Pd/C, Pt/C, Rh/C, and Ru/C) in supercritical water (658-688 K) for reaction times of 0.5-3 h. Ru/C showed no catalytic activity for lignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers, but did catalyze conversion of lignin into gaseous products such as methane and carbon dioxide. In contrast, Pd/C, Pt/C, and Rh/C showed catalytic activity for lignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers. Yield of aromatic monomers decreased in the order Pd/C > Rh/C > Pt/C at 673 K and 1 h. Pd/C showed higher selectivity for phenolic aromatic monomers than Rh/C and Pt/C. Investigation of the activity of Pd/C at 673 K over time (0.5-3 h) found the highest yield of aromatic monomers (12.7 %) was obtained at 2 h.


Abstract: We investigated the effect of cytoskeleton modulators on endothelin‐B (ETB) receptor expression in rat primary cultured astrocytes. Northern blot analysis and a binding study revealed that colchicine and nocodazole, microtubule‐disrupting agents, decreased the levels of both ETB receptor mRNA and the number of ET‐1 binding sites in quiescent astrocytes. Down‐regulation of both ETB receptor mRNA and the number of binding sites for ET‐1 was also observed in quiescent astrocytes treated with taxol, a microtubule‐stabilizing agent. In contrast, neither β‐lumicolchicine, an inactive isomer of colchicine, nor cytochalasin D, a microfilament‐disrupting agent, influenced ETB receptor expression. The level of ETB receptors in astrocytes was affected by the cell state, namely, proliferative, quiescent, or differentiated state. The order of ETB receptor expression according to the cell state was proliferative state < quiescent state ≪ differentiated state induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Also, in proliferative astrocytes and differentiated astrocytes, colchicine significantly down‐regulated both ETB receptor mRNA and the number of binding sites for ET‐1. However, thymidine assay revealed that colchicine did not change quiescent astrocytes and differentiated astrocytes to a proliferative state. Furthermore, the increase in glutamine synthetase activity in differentiated astrocytes was not affected by colchicine. These results suggest that microtubule dynamics possibly regulates ETB receptor expression in astrocytes without affecting the cell state.


Objective To evaluate the characteristics of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in several clinical conditions with cough and wheezing.Methods The patients with bronchial asthma,common cold,COPD and allergy rhinitis as well as subjects who were smoking were enrolled.The routine lung function and bronchial histamine provocation test were underwent.Results The positive rate of BHR were significantly different in five clinical entities mentioned above with the highest in asthma and allergic rhinitis.The degree of BHR in smokers,in patients with common cold and COPD were remarkedly heterogenous (smoking vs common cold,P0.05;common cold vs COPD,P0.01) but significantly milder than those in asthma and allergic rhinitis.A significant correlation between PD 20FEV 1-His and the fall of PEF50% or PEF50%-75% was revealed only in patients with asthma.Conclusion The patients of asthma always exhibit BHR,however,BHR do not exclusively indicate the diagnosis of asthma.


An analysis of Roger Fry's book Cezanne, a study of his development, first published in 1927. The book explores Cezanne's seemingly contradictory position as an artist caught between the study of nature and the act of contemplation. Fry offers a masterly exploration of the works in which Cezanne presents nature and structure in equal measure, and also acknowledges the artist's powers as a colorist as among the supreme aspects of his genius—a judgment with which few would disagree. Throughout, Fry deals fairly and astutely with the contending currents of Cezanne's creative aims, and he is also ahead of his time in concluding the book with a consideration of Cezanne's attitude toward women.


Introduction: Much of Enceladus' surface has been modified by tectonic deformation [1]. As on many icy satellites (e.g., Ganymede, Europa, Tethys), much of this deformation is extensional in origin [e.g., 2]. However, Enceladus also exhibits numerous features that appear to have formed through surface contraction. These features include kilometer-high ridges (dorsa) and long-wavelength folds in the equatorial region (Fig. 1) [3], thrust belts at the margins of the south polar terrain [4], and putative small-scale folds between the tiger stripe fractures [5,6]. Here we compare the morphology and topography of these features to numerical simulations of tectonic deformation to gain greater insight into the geophysical evolution of Enceladus. Numerical Results: Finite element simulations of lithospheric shortening reproduce both fold-dominated and fault-dominated deformation (and in some cases, a mixture of the two) depending on the conditions assumed. Warmer effective temperatures (Ts) (e.g., beneath an insulating regolith) and higher heat flows (F) favor folding (Fig. 1 and [6]). Colder temperatures and lower heat fluxes favor fault-like deformation (Fig. 2). Application to Enceladus and Comparison to Europa: Enceladus' equatorial long-wavelength folds are consistent with warm effective surface temperatures and high heat fluxes during their formation (Fig 1). However nearby ridges (Fig 1) that likely formed by faulting [3], and older extensional deformation [2] indicate a complex geologic history in the region (Fig 1). Thrust belts at high latitudes are consistent with deformation of the colder lithosphere there. The funiscular terrain between the tiger stripes requires extremely high heat flow, low thermal conductivity, and warm effective temperatures, if it forms via folding [6]. These inference inform the geophysical process that have occurred on the satellite. Surface temperature is the dominant influence on whether folding or faulting occurs, and on the amplitude of deformation. Enceladus' colder temperatures relative to Europa explain why contractional features are common on the former, but are sparse on the latter. Heat flux plays a secondary role. Acknowledgments: This work is supported by NASA SSW (NNH15AZ80I). References: [1] Crow-Willard, E.N. and Pappalardo, R.T. 2015, JGR 120. [2] Bland, M. T. et al., 2007, Icarus 192, 92-105. [3] Patthoff, D. A. et al. 2015, LPSC 46, #2870. [4] Yin, A. and Pappalardo, R. T., 2015, Icarus 260, 409-439. [5] Barr, A. C. and Preuss, L.J. 2010, Icarus 208, 499-503. [6] Bland, M. T., et al. 2015, Icarus 260, 232-245.


1 Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 2 Agricultural Technology Quality Limited Company, Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Phu Tho, Vietnam 3 Tea Research and Development Center, Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Phu Tho, Vietnam


This paper investigates the near-far effect stemming from different signal power of users in OCDMA system. Based on the assumption that user′s signal power is Gauss-distributed, the impacts of near-far effect on system performance are presented. Results show that near-far effect significantly degrades the probability for the error and outage probability for the power-less users. Furthermore, increase of user′s signal power variance degrades both probability of error and outage probability for all users in the system. A method of coping with near-far effect, i.e. using an optical hard-limiter in the ODN, is proposed. Additively, the optical hard-limiter alleviates the multiple access interference.


In this paper, we have presented a cosmological model where a phantom scalar field is minimally coupled to dark matter component. Noether symmetry method was applied both to investigate the cosmological solution and to find out what is the form of the potential of scalar field and the unknown function in the considered model. By using this method, these forms are resulted as trigonometric functions. Also, the obtained cosmological solutions are compatible with observations describing the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Furthermore, it turns out that the effective equation of state parameter in the model can cross the phantom divide line.


Historians have traced the right to silence to early canon law, the political conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and even The Prisoner's Counsel Act, which effectively silenced the accused by allowing his lawyer to speak for him. This article argues that changes in philosophical notions of truth best explain how, given the importance of the accused's testimony at the altercation trial, her silence could ever have been tolerated and ultimately enforced as a right. By the mid-eighteenth century, the rise of empiricism had shifted the trial's reliance on testimony to a preference for facts, which seemed more immediately verifiable. Once the accused was no longer seen as the most important evidentiary resource, he could be silenced and his lawyer could speak for him without compromising his verdict. Thus the right to counsel did not create the right to silence; rather, the rise of empiricism enabled the creation of both.


In this paper, we study swarm intelligence phenomena using the logistic multi-agent system model (LMAS). This model derives from the "coupled map lattice" family of models, which is usually considered in the field of complex systems. After recalling the fact that the LMAS enables simulating flocking phenomena in a self-organized way, we study its adaptive capabilities by applying it to a predators-prey pursuit simulation, in order to visualize the effect of the environment on the control variable of the agents.


. The factors that are crucial in predicting burglary of commercial establishments are evaluated. Burglars are rational in their choice of target, in that they consider both the revenue generated by the burglary and the chances of being apprehended. Location of the target plays a major role; establishments located within three blocks of heavily travelled thoroughfares are less vulnerable to burglary than those located further away. The wealthier the community, the higher the probability of burglary of its commercial establishments. Retail establishments and businesses which are located in office parks are most vulnerable to burglary. Establishments which have been in business less than one year are more likely to be burgled; the longer a store is in business, the less likely it is to become a victim of burglary. Burglar alarms are the most effective deterrent available to commercial establishments, followed by the installation of exterior and interior lights. In general, the probability of burglary of non-alarmed properties is 4.57 times higher than of similar alarmed property. The study is based upon a detailed survey of commercial establishments in three suburban communities of Philadelphia. These communities vary in their locational, physical and socio-economic characteristics and represent many suburban localities throughout the United States.


The problem of whole air mission modelling is part of a larger problem which is the problem of simulating possible war-like scenarios in the air, sea, and on land. In such modelling systems one is required to model the behaviour of various actors and the resources that are available to them. One aspect of this problem is the modelling of a group of actors as a team and then modelling the coordinated behaviour of such a team to achieve a joint goal. In the domain of air mission modelling the actors are pilots that control aircraft and their behaviour is referred to as tactics. In this paper we present the approach we adopted in modelling teams and team tactics as part of the development of the Smart Whole AiR Mission Model (SWARMM) for the DSTO, Air Operations Division.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most significant risk factor for having tuberculosis (TB) diseases as people with HIV are 20 times more likely to develop TB disease compared to non-HIV individuals. This paper discusses the case of Lucas (pseudonym), who presented to the emergency department (ED) with history of chronic diarrhoea and symptoms suggesting TB diseases. Lucas was then found to have an active TB infection and According to the guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities, HIV screening should performed or offered to newly diagnosed TB patients. However, Lucas was not offered to do HIV testing, which may possibly cause inadequate TB therapy that he received. This paper further discusses the pathophysiology of HIV and TB coinfection, followed by a discussion of the nursing assessment and management as well as the medical management in the ED. Then, HIV related stigma will be discussed, as it can be a barrier for introducing HIV testing in TB patients.


With the aim of using it in mass spectrometry, we have tried to find an axisymmetric electrostatic system with very particular characteristics, viz. reduced spherical and chromatic aberrations. We chose a system made up of three coaxial cylinders of radius ρ. The inner electrode is 0.90 ρ long and is separated from the outer cylinders (which are taken to be of infinite length) by two identical gaps of 0.40 ρ. This system has been studied from both the mirror and the lens point of view. The mirror is studied using two electrostatic parameters. The potentials of the three cylinders are reffered to as V1, V2, and V3. The first parameter used is Rd=100 (V1−V2)/(V1−V3) and the second is V3/V1. For six values of Rd, ranging from 100 to 74, we examine the paraxial characteristics and the coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberration as a function of V3/V1. We only deal with the area where the mirrors are convergent and where the radii of curvature do not exceed 10ρ. For the values of Rd studied, other than ...


This study examined the willingness to communicate in foreign language – English. The research was carried out among the students of the Faculty of Economics and Tourism "Dr. Mijo Mirkovic" Pula.
We investigated the willingness to communicate on the students who were attending the first year of school during the academic year 1999./2000. The questionnaire was repeated with the same sample of students, who are now attending the third year of studying.


This article describes and analyses the present conditions of the application of the Public Work Tax Deduction (PWTD) mechanism, identifying six main obstacles that difficult on a appreciable way his concrete implementation or the rate of it. For this purpose, this study has identify and analyze the 30 main highlights that conform the critical path of PWTD process, determining the actual times for his performance and comparing them with the legal times established on the PWTD actual law, and so with the optimal times reasonably according with the experience on the public management of similar work projects.


Modern data centers host several computation paradigms that require different resources management policies. As schedulers get more and more complex, and workloads are evolving at such a fast pace, there is a need for accurate and computationally inexpensive recommendation systems, that fit each of those paradigms and allow for the best use of underlying resources. We study such an easily implementable recommendation system with low overhead and combine different profiling results to provide accurate recommendations that are aware of both heterogeneous hardware and contention for resources. We present the Negotiator, a framework for creating such a recommendation system. The Negotiator opens a discussion on the issue of the environment for benchmarking, and the placement of a recommendation system in the data center's scheduling stack.


In order to improve the rehydration rate and rehydration effect,the dried tilapia fillets( moisture content decreased to 0. 100 0( g / g d. b.)( dry basis)) w ere hydrated by microw ave. Tilapia fillets w ere put into the container made of acrylic materials w ith different sizes and shapes. The effect of container shape, container size,and salt content on the microw ave rehydration w as investigated. The result show s that the moistureed content increased gradually w ith the rehydration time extending,reached a maximum value and maintain stability after 250- 300 s. The moisture content of sample after rehydration process did not reach the initial moisture content( 3. 859 0( g / g d. b.)). It is show n that the rehydration process is irreversible, cell dehydration and damaged organizational structure during the drying process cause the rehydration ability of sample to decrease. In this study,the larger size of the container has a better rehydration effect. Compared w ith cubic container,cylindrical container is more advantageous to the microw ave rehydration for Tilapia fillets. The dielectric loss rate of soup material increased w ith the increasing of NaCl contents,so that the rehydration rate increased. In summary,rehydration time by microw ave is about 240 s,w hich saves about 2 / 3 time compared w ith the traditional w ater bath( about 700 s). Moreover,some models such as Peleg and Weibull model w ere used to fit the rehydration process. It w as found that Peleg model has a higher fitness for the experiment data than Weibull model. Peleg model w as more suitable for describing the rehydration process of tilapia fillets.


Available botanical information on species of Asteraceae is little . Hence, this study aimed to present detailed information about the morphology ,histology and composition of the volatile oil of Tagetes patula L. throughout consecutive stages of plant growth in two years. Data obtained could be summarized as follows : Seeds of French marigold are disperesed in form of achene fruits, oblong 9 mm long and 1 mm width having a persistent calyx . Germination is epigeal with percentage of 36.75% .The seedling stage came to an end after 3-4 wks of sowing . The apex of the main stem differentiated into an inflorescence. Lateral branches (4-5) were responsible of the majority of shoot growth. Stem and lateral branches were erect, glabrous, more or less hairy, solid and greenish purple in colour . The main stem length reached 15 cm. Lateral branches are responsible of the actual height of plant, 45 cm.The average number of internodes of the main stem was 7 and the average diameter of basal internode was 12 mm. The dry weight of leafless shoot gained no considerable increments upto 14 wks old . At the following ages significant increments in the dry weight were achieved till the end of the growing season . The first foliage leaf develops 3 wks after sowing. Leaves are compound, opposite, decussate and imparipinnate . The active period in growth as indicated by dry weight of leaves occurred from 16 to 22 wks old. Flowering starts when plants aged 10 weeks. Both reproductive and vegetative growth continued parallel to each other till the end of the growing season. Lateral branches played a main role in flowering. The inflorescence is a capitulum developing at terminals of main stem and lateral branches and consists of ray and disc flowers arranged on a receptacle which is The leaflet has 2 epidermal surfaces . The upper epidermis is concave in shape, while the lower one is convex. Stomata are of anomocytic type.The palisade layer is formed of 1 row of slender loosely arranged cells .The spongy tissue is consisted of 4-5 layers of chlorenchymatous cells , occupying 1/2 the whole thickness of the mesophyll. The midrib bundle has relatively narrow phloem, and a wider xylem area. The number of xylem rows in the midrib is 5-7 each of 3-5 vessels. The histology of ray and disc flowers was investigated. Also the fruit, the exocarp is consisted of epidermis and subepidermis . Some of the epidermal cells differentiate into a trichome of twinned hairs in addition to other glandular trichomes . The mesocarp is consisted of 2 layers which are palisade- like cells. The upper layer has cells which are more lignified than the lower one. The endocarp is consisted of 1-2 layers of thin- walled cells and prominent intercellular spaces. The seed coat is consisted of more or less spongy parenchymatous tissue . The inflorescences and the shoot produced volatile oil reaching 0.5%. The volatile oil of the inflorescences comprised of 31 components , tagetone being the main component . The volatile oil of the shoot comprised of 33 components with γ terpinene as the main component .


Shopping is among the six major factors of traveling.It is also an important part of people's traveling activities.However,by the drive of short-term profiteering and influences of earning more money,the tour agencies,the tour guide,the shops have set numbers of traps,which are difficult to identify,to scramble money from the tourists.This essay based on the game theory analyzes the reasons of these traps.There' re four main causes:the tour agencies dispatching untrue information,the unreasonable incentive mechanism in the tour agencies rising tour guides' motivation to lure tourists to shopping,the benefit alliance between tour agencies and tourist shops and the unfair competition methods of different tourist shops.According to these reasons,the essay summarizes four countermeasures to cope with these traps in the end,hoping that it will contribute to regulate the traveling shopping market.


An active appearance model(AAM) based on Gabor phase and local binary patterns(LBP) is presented.In comparison with the intensity based AAM,the proposed model improves the performance in three aspects: providing multi-scale and multi-direction Gabor texture which enhances the fitting accuracy of the model;improving the robustness to environmental changes,e.g.,illumination;LBP based texture coding reduces a large amount of the redundency.Experimental results on various datasets demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively improve the fitting accuracy.


In the article the role of the family is examined in the process of forming domestic values of rising generation. The author presents the results of a sociological research of communication between parents and youth, forms of acquaintance with the history of the family and value priorities of domestic life, as factors of forming domestic values of rising generation.


It is assumed that over the generations family businesses inevitably face greater family complexity. The increasing family complexity can have repercussions for the family and the business. To counteract these negative effects of an increase in family complexity, it has been recommended that business families utilize conventional family and corporate governance methods. Pruning the family tree is an alternative method of handling family complexity. However, this alternative way has been largely ignored in research. This article explores the research question: Why and how do business families prune the family tree, thus simplifying the ownership, governance, and/or management structures of the family business? The research findings indicate that introducing simplicity by pruning can be a worthwhile path to family harmony and business performance and that there is no contradiction between pruning the family tree and governance of the family and the business.


This paper outlines the manner in which three theories—evolutionary theory, psychoanalysis and social learning theory—account for the development of altruistic behavior. Explanations by such theorists as Wilson, Campbell, Freud, Aronfreed, and Mowrer are presented, and exploration is made of the degree to which these positions are supported by empirical findings.


Despite the wide use of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of Alport syndrome (AS), the mechanism as to how angiotensin II receptor blockers prevent interstitial fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we report that treatment of olmesartan effectively targets the feedback loop between the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signals in tubular epithelial cells and preserves renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the kidney of Col4a3–/– mice, a murine model of experimental AS. Morphology analyses revealed amelioration of kidney fibrosis in Col4a3–/– mice by olmesartan treatment. Upregulation of TGFβ and activation of its downstream in Col4a3–/– mice were attenuated by olmesartan in Col4a3–/– mice. Intriguingly, TGFβ expression was preferentially upregulated in damaged tubular epithelial cells in Col4a3–/– mice. Concurrent upregulation of TNFα-converting enzyme and downregulation of ACE2 suggested RAS activation in Col4a3–/– mice, which was prevented by olmesartan. Mechanistically, olmesartan suppressed TGFβ-induced RAS activation in tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Collectively, we concluded that olmesartan effectively suppresses the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in AS by interrupting RAS-TGFβ feedback loop to counterbalance intrarenal RAS activation.


Since 1998 I have had various experiences of editing exchanges of letters, invariably primary sources in my research and musicological work. Each of these experiences has been different in terms of extent, type of editing and publisher's location [...]


Live cells of E. coli O157:H7 were treated with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), a nucleic acid stain, for observation by epifluorescent microscopy. The treated bacteria, which exhibited minimal growth activity and partially retained respiratory function, were captured by goat anti-E. coli O157 serum coated on the surface of polystyrene based immunomagnetic beads (IMB). The beads with captured bacteria were then concentrated by magnetic separators. The efficiency of this magnetic concentration step was less than that of using high speed centrifugation. The antibody-captured and IMB-immobilized bacteria were then applied on HF-treated, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated microscope slides mounted on an automated stage, and magnetically aligned before fluorescence distribution was measured by a cooled CCD attached to an inverted microscope. Since the beads were concentrated and linearly aligned along the edge of the magnetic field, image capture along the edge for a few field widths was sufficient to account for most of captured bacteria. This approach could reduce the enumeration time for and increase the efficiency of bacteria counting by manual efforts. The developed procedure of capturing, concentrating and enumerating E. coli O157:H7 exhibited a similar applicability in buffer, pork carcass wash solution and apple juice as described in this study. The presence of about 100 cells/mL of the bacteria could be detected in 30 min with developed procedure.


The effect of target motion on synthetic range profiles produced by a stepped frequency radar is analyzed,and then an efficient method for optimal estimation of motion parameter of targets is presented based on the least burst error rule.Simulation results indicate that the method can accomplish accurate estimation of target motion parameter with good anti noise performance and low computational cost.


Scholarship across disciplines is changing in the face of digital methodologies, novel forms of evidence and new communication technologies. In the humanities, scholars are confronting and often pioneering innovative ways of viewing, reading, interacting with, collecting, interpreting, contextualizing and sharing their sources, including digital primary sources and data derivatives. This paper reports on one piece of a multimodal study that aims to help us characterize an important, still evolving genre of digital scholarship: the thematic research collection. Using a close, systematic analysis of collections' data models and infrastructures, this study considers the questions: How do the technical designs of thematic research collections contribute to their purposes, functions and uses? What do variations in their designs teach us about the genre as a whole? An analysis of the purposes and designs of scholar‐built collections of humanities evidence has implications for the development of digital collections and aggregations generally and the future shapes of digital scholarship and communication.


As the market for interactive applications for television has become more accessible for outside developers a new arena has been created where new interactive applications can take place. When developing digital services and products it is important to take into account the intended context. In our bachelor thesis, we examine the user experiences of applications for the TV in the home environment and explores the characteristics and perceptions regarding navigation and social context from the participants' situation that may be important to consider when designing applications for TV. We do this with the help of six user groups with two adults in each group of mixed ages and with varying experience, through observations and interviews about their use of selected applications for the Apple TV. The survey shows that the context has a crucial role and that the interest in applications and interactive TV is primarily in common use, while more individual activities are used by other technologies such as computers, smartphones and tablets. The experiences of applications for television proved to be affected by, among other things previous technical experience but also age. Even if some elements where perceived as cumbersome, users attitude was still positive, which means that there are more aspects than just usability affecting user experiences. Important factors for the user experience when designing applications for television include the varying distance users have to the TV, and the size of it.


Readout-segmented echo planar imaging (RS-EPI) combined with controlled aliasing simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition improves spatial resolution of diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) with a scan time that is reduced by a factor proportional to the number of simultaneous slices. Split slice-GRAPPA (SSG) is a commonly used method to de-alias SMS DWIs using kernels trained from baseline b=0 images. When applying SSG to datasets acquired from a RS-EPI sequence, we found that SSG kernels trained from baselines do not de-alias DWIs effectively due to baseline phase errors. To overcome this issue, in this work we propose an iterative approach, termed iterative Split slice-GRAPPA (I-SSG), to train improved kernels using estimated DWIs rather than only the baseline images. Our results from two stroke patients show that the proposed I-SSG algorithm produces consistently better reconstructions in the presence of baseline phase errors. The proposed I-SSG algorithm yields over 50% improvement over the SSG method in Fractional anisotropy (FA) and Mean Diffusion (MD) estimations for slice reduction factors of up to R = 4.


In the Loess Plateau region, soil erosion is a serious problem. Vegetation restoration is an effective approach to control soil erosion and improve ecosystems. The soil seed bank generally plays an important role in vegetation restoration after disturbance. Thus, we reviewed soil seed bank studies to reveal the soil seed bank characteristics and its role in vegetation restoration in three vegetation types (forest, forest‐steppe, and steppe). We selected 38 seed bank studies and analyzed several seed bank characteristics, such as seed density, species composition, and the relationship between seed size and seed bank. We also assessed the role of the soil seed bank in vegetation restoration. The soil seed bank density ranged from 2,331 ± 1,993 to 6,985 ± 4,047 seeds/m2 among the different vegetation types. In the soil seed bank, perennial herbs and grasses accounted for 51.5% of the total species. Native species that were dominant or common in the standing vegetation usually had relatively high seed bank densities. Moreover, species with smaller seeds generally had higher soil seed bank densities. The present study indicates that the soil seed bank plays a significant role in spontaneous vegetation restoration, especially during the early successional stages in abandoned slope farmlands and grazing‐excluded grasslands. However, species with large seeds or transient soil seed banks should be reintroduced through seeding to accelerate target species restoration. More studies on soil seed banks need to be conducted to comprehensively reveal their characteristics.


The characteristics of hard x-ray generation were examined in the gas-puff z-pinch experiment. The experiment on reversing the voltage was conducted. In both of the positive and negative discharges, the x-ray was generated only from the anode surface, so it was considered that the electrons were accelerated by the induced electromagnetic force at the pinch time.


Abstract Background: This is a retrospective study of left ventricle (LV) aneurysm repair done at the Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, since October 1988. Two methods of LV aneurysm repair are practiced: double breasting (DB) and Dor's repair. The method varies with location, size, and extent of aneurysm and quality of the fibrotic wall of the aneurysm. Methods: Between October 1988 and May 2001, 129 patients underwent LV aneurysm repair using one of the two techniques; 78 patients had Dor's repair while 51 patients had DB repair. Results: Overall mortality was 2.3% (three patients). One patient died in the DB group, and two patients died in the Dor's repair group. Mean preoperative ejection fraction (EF) after surgery in DB was 31% while in Dor's repair it was 29.2%. EF showed improvement after surgery to 48.5% in DB and 46.6% in Dor's repair. Decrease in end‐diastolic volume (EDV) in DB was from 146 to91.4 cm3/m2, and in Dor's repair it was from156 cm3/m2to88.6 cm3/m2.Decrease in end‐systolic volume was from101 cm3/m2to60.2 cm3/m2in DB and from109 cm3/m2to64.5 cm3/m2in Dor's group. All of these values showed statistically significant improvement. At six months postoperatively, 83 patients (74.1%) out of 112 patients who were preoperatively in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classes III and IV improved to class II while 7 patients (6.3%) improved to class I. Conclusion: In our experience Dor's repair is indicated for anteroseptal and apical isolated posterior aneurysm to restore LV volume and geometry while DB is indicated for apical, anterolateral, and lateral aneurysms where septal involvement is less. These two techniques have definite indications and advantages with good results.(J Card Surg 2003;18:114‐120)


A method of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) has been constructed to find a solution for error problems that had long troubled surface modeling in geographical information systems (GIS). It is found that when a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm is used to solve the large sparse linear system, which HASM can be transferred into, HASM performs best in terms of simulation compared with all other algorithms. But its computing speed is not fast enough for all applications. A multi‐grid method is introduced into HASM to try to shorten its computing time. Both numerical and real‐world tests demonstrate that there is a range of stop error (SE). The multi‐grid method of HASM (HASM‐MG) greatly increases computing speed when SEs are within this range, compared with the PCG algorithm of HASM (HASM‐PCG). HASM‐MG is suitable for applications with a need for less accuracy and a shorter computing time. HASM‐PCG is appropriate for issues needing higher accuracy. HASM‐MG performs better than HASM‐PCG in flat areas, while HASM‐PCG does better in complex terrainm in terms of accuracy and computing time.


Alfred North Whitehead has said that &dquo;those societies which cannot combine reverence for their symbols with freedom of revision, must ultimately decay either from anarchy, or from the slow atrophy of a life stifled by useless shadows.&dquo; This statement could almost be a judgement on the official Church's attitude towards the nineteenth century which was, in the words of John Stuart Mill, an age of transition. The industrial revolution, the scientific discoveries, the political upheavals, the philosophical advances and the various and sundry intellectual trends, were the means of change from the allcien regime of the eighteenth century to the secularity of the twentieth. It t


The Silurian Shiniulan Formation in the south of the Shichuan Basin was deposited on the carbonate platform developed based on a flat shelf.Four lithologic segments and two sedimentary cycles can be identified in the formation.The depositional system tracts formed in the environments including,from south to north,clastic seashore,localizing platform,open platform,biogenic reef or beach,slope of platform edge,shallow shelf beach,argillaceous shallow shelf and deep-water shelf.Temporally,the whole sedimentary environment changed from argillaceous or calcite deep-water to shallow shelf and to carbonate platform.The most important factor of controlling the spatial and temporal evolution of depositional system is sea level fluctuation.


Costimulatory molecules are the second signal for the activation of T cell.These costimulatory molecules not only provide critical positive signals that stimulate T cell growth,promote T cell differentiation and up-regulate cytokine production,but also contribute key negative signals that induce and maintain T cell immune tolerance,even to apoptosis.This article reviews the advances of costimulatory molecules in the tumor immunity,especially in the cervical cancer.


We design an artificial boundary condition for the steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in streamfunction-vorticity formulation in a flat channel with slip boundary conditions on the wall. The new boundary condition is derived from the Oseen equations and the method of lines. A numerical experiment for the non-linear Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The artificial boundary condition is compared with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the flow past a rectangular cylinder in a flat channel.


Methodological work on the use of multiple imputation (MI) (Carlin, 2015) (Carpenter, 2013) (Rubin, 1987) to account for missing predictor data in both the calibration and subsequent assessment of prediction rules is underdeveloped. This applies particularly to prognostic studies and prediction of life-times. Recent work by Mertens, Banzato and de Wreede ((Mertens et al., 2020)) investigates the problem of calibrating prediction rules for binary outcome in the context of two prognostic life-time follow-up studies, when multiple imputations are used to account for the presence of missing observations in predictors. The authors simplify the prediction problem by reducing the outcome to the observation of death (yes/no) within a fixed window of observation for each patient after study inclusion, as opposed to explicitly modeling the observed survival times. A general methodological template on the use of multiple imputation in the calibration of predictive rules is presented which identifies two basic approaches. The first consists


Mold growth is among the major causes of health impairment of cereals, in particular durum wheat (Triticum durum) for the synthesis of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA), originally from poisoning in the consumer. In this context, the objectives of this work is the search and characterization of fungal strains Producers mycotoxins such as Aspergillus, Penicillium in semolina and their derivatives (traditional and industrial couscous) and detect and quantify total aflatoxins, aflatoxins B1 and ochratoxin mycotoxicologique to assess the risk associated with the consumption of these foods. In this regard, our work focuses on mycological and mycotoxicologique study of semolina and couscous deemed most commercialized in the town of Bechar-Algeria after a socio-economic survey. The mycological study testifies the high degree of pollution of our samples by Aspergillus, Penicillium. The expertise of genera reveals the high degree of invasion of our samples by Aspergillus, Penicillium. The examination of fungal procession characterizing our samples shows a very high index of distribution, or of fidelity of Penicillium 43.75% of our sample and 28.38% Aspergillus. The presence of these species is evidence that our samples have been abused, but especially poorly stored; should be noted the involvement of the genera Alternaria 7.10%, Fusarium 13.70%. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis revealed that 50% of Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus strains were aflatoxin G-producing and aflatoxin B-free in our samples. Of the Aspergillus ochraceus strains 50% were OTA producers. The presumption of toxicity of the various samples appeared positive on TLC. The test of Elisa has confirmed the presence of the OTA in our samples, the analysis of its results shows that the majority of the rates of OTA taken on our analyzed samples follow the European standard, these rates are between 1.01 and 1.9, except for one sample (couscous) which has shown a rate much higher than the standard recommended by the regulation (> 100 ppb), the samples of semolina had a rate of OTA lower than the beginning of the detection (1 ppb). The results of the presence of AFB spread out between 4.93 ppb and > 40 ppb. The antifungal activity of the resin of Boswellia carterii was tested on the following strains: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum. And kneaded according to the technique of diagonal growth on intermediate solid medium (PDA). The results showed that the yield of the aqueous extract varied between 96.2 and 99.8%. The results of the extracts also showed activity against the fungi studied 48.6% and 96.2%.


Despite progress in theories and simulations, the structure prediction of self-assembled materials beyond simple model systems remains a grand challenge. In this work, we present a molecular modeling approach for predicting the nanostructure of hybrid systems based on AB diblock copolymers and nanoparticles decorated with A, B, or mixed A/B homopolymer ligands. Using mesoscopic simulations, we derived phase diagrams as a function of nanoparticle concentration and decoration.


Objective
To investigate the effect of feeding preterm infants with extensively hydrolyzed formula and standard preterm formula on their growth, feeding tolerance and allergic diseases.

Methods
From October 2018 to April 2019, 84 premature infants admitted to NICU of the Third People's Hospital of Bengbu Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 42 cases in each group.In the observation group, the preterm infants were fed with extensively hydrolyzed formula.When each feeding amount reached 20 ml, they were fed with concentrated extensively hydrolyzed formula that calorie was equivalent to standard preterm formula.In the control group, the preterm infants were fed with standard preterm formula.The head circumference, length and weight, the time of birth weight recovery, feeding intolerance, the incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), the time to reach full enteral feeding, the length of hospitalization were compared between the two groups.The patients were followed up for 3 months in corrected age, the incidence rates of allergic diseases and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) were compared between the two groups.

Results
Compared with the control group, the observation group had shortened total parenteral nutrition time [(9.32±3.02)d vs.(11.25±3.70)d, t=2.333, P 0.05).

Conclusion
Extensively hydrolyzed formula can shorten the time to total parenteral nutrition, reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance and the incidence of allergic diseases in corrected age of 3 months.

Key words:
Infant, premature; Enteral nutrition; Enterocolitis, necrotizing; Fetal growth retardation; Extensively hydrolyzed formula; Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis


Results are presented of an investigation into the heat transfer, aerodynamic resistance and thermal contact resistance (TCR) of six-row staggered tube banks finned with coiled aluminum strip with a backwardcurved base rolled into longitudinal slits in the outer surface of the supporting steel tube.


This paper investigates the municipalities' legal duties to enforce environment protection. The government has been criticised for years for failure to provide measures for environmental protection. The government is divided into local, provincial and national spheres. This paper will further investigate problem faced by the local government as compared to provincial and national sphere of government in the enforcement of environmental law. Environmental and international law instruments will be used to address the problem as well as the decision making processes of the local sphere in enforcing compliance. The Constitution Act 108 of 1996 will be the influential document in addressing challenges. The main focus also, will be to suggest tools to be used to enforce environmental law and achieve compliance and respect for the environment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p136


What are the reasons to provide compensation for moral damages in cases of deprivation of property? Jurisprudence and doctrine have argued in favor of this provision mainly from the idea of the full compensation aim of civil liability. In some jurisdictions, moral damage repair for material losses has been provided expressly by the legal system. In other cases, even without a specific legal norm, this * Universidad de Buenos Aires – Abril 2016 Interior_UM_N30_v4.indd 69 1/26/2017 7:35:30 PM 70 REVISTA DE DERECHO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MONTEVIDEO — NÚMERO 30 — AÑO 2016 form of compensation has been awarded basing judgments from concepts that appear in standards that originally regulate other situations, or in general principles. However, both judges and jurists proceed very cautiously in this area, both for a fear that widespread acceptance of compensation for moral damages can create more negative than positive consequences in the legal system. This paper seeks to add one element in the analysis, from the theory known as Behavioral Law and Economics. The purpose is to show a contribution from a relatively new discipline that is not widespread in this latitudes. This contribution, although very small, suggests the desirability of considering the progress of other disciplines in solving the problems that arise to the jurist. Palabras clave: Privación de bienes, daño moral, Economía de la Conducta y Derecho


The occurrence of internet-based education originates from complex actions among multi-power.Its basic motivation comes from the powerful interactive function provided by the internet.These motivations include striving to pursuer educational equality,attaching importance to the value of higher education,and applying internet to education initiatively in America.Through analysis,we can conclude that the origin of internet based education is a virtual class,not only in terms of technology,educational aim, but also curriculum.


Three extracts of Piper longum fruits viz, aqueous, alcohol and acetone are evaluated using CAM assay, for embryo growth and CAM vasculogenesis. Each of the extracts was administered in HBSS at 48, 72 and 96 hrs of incubation and studying results at 144hrs. The growth of embryo and CAM was determined using their weights while vasculogenesis was evaluated by measuring the number of secondary vitelline vessels (SVV). Results indicate that all the extracts affected the growth of CAM and embryo and showed significant anti-vasculogenic properties by inhibiting the development of secondary vitelline vessels, aqueous extract being the most potent one. Results are discussed to predict the mode of action of the extracts.


To meet the wide range of high-density large-scale search,the Web search application of Google allows different queries run on different processors,and allows a single query runs on multiple processors if decompose the global index.Google's objective is to use the generic PC,which is popular in the market,to achieve a high performance as mainframe do.Based on the data available,analyses the architecture and performance of Google to provide a reference for construction of grid.


In the middle Yangtze River,the main stem,tributaries and lakes connected with each other forming a complicate water system.The outlet of the region shows complex stage-discharge relations because water exchange between different sections varies with flood synthesis.These features bring difficulties for simulation of flood control system operation,which relies on the accurate water level forecasting and the operation of more than twenty flood detention areas located both alone the main reach and Dongting Lake area.The two basic flood routing approaches,"hydrologic routing" and "hydraulic routing" are compared,and hydrologic approach is employed to give downstream boundary condition for hydraulic method.By means of integrating the two approaches,a model is developed to give information of water level reduction and inlet and outlet process of detention areas.Calibration of the model shows that it can overcome the proper difficulties,and its application under the scenario of 1954 and 1996 flood is efficient and satisfying.


The majority of countries pay big attention to responsibility and punishment for those committing ecological crimes due to negative influence of people on environment. The paper dwells upon responsibility and instruments of legal pressure for ecological crimes in different countries.


In this paper, the authors derived generalized formula for calculating of the ratio of the rate of constrained precipitation to the rate of free precipitation for monodisperse particles of arbitrary shape based on analysis of known empirical relationships and semi-empirical method of calculation.


M.S. Strickland, Dep. of Soil and Water Systems, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843; W.E. Thomason and B.D. Badgley, Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; B. Avera, Soil and Crop Sciences Dep., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523; J. Franklin, Dep. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48823; K. Minick, Dep. of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695; and S. Yamada, Dep. of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.


An improvement in s/n ratio of single-beat HR ECG recordings offers a possibility to use a representation of several consecutive ECGs for the determination of late ventricular activity in patients with myocardial infarction.


The article discusses the results of theoretical studies of vibrations of a plastic grate on elastic supports of a coarse litter cleaner under accidental exposure to raw cotton. Graphical dependences of changes in displacements and vibration rate of the grate on changes in the coefficients of stiffness, dissipation and on the disturbing load from raw cotton at various values of the grate mass are constructed. Based on the analysis of the obtained graphical dependencies, the values of the system parameters are recommended.


(1994). Management of pests on wheat and other cereal crops with an IPM program. Food Reviews International: Vol. 10, Integrated Pest Management, pp. 159-175.


ABSTRACT This article combines insights on colonial monetary policies and daily practices of money use, to discuss the impact of international monetary developments on the local usage of money during the rupee crisis in East Africa (1919–1923). To do so, the paper will follow two related lines of investigation. On one hand, it will analyse the protests against the depreciation of East African cents. Even if Africans were excluded from decision-making processes connected to currency, this organized protests offer an example of how Africans could make their voices heard in the official arena in which currency matters were discussed. On the other hand, the article will investigate individual acts of appropriation and rejection of colonial currencies that African societies developed during and after the rupee crisis. These acts partly altered the boundaries of subordination imposed by the colonial regime and made the process of colonial monetization a prolonged and negotiated transition that was, in part, shaped by monetary practices on the ground.


[Re(bpy)(CO)3]− and [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]− are homogeneous electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO. Their turnover frequencies depend on the type of Bronsted acid used, with the Mn catalyst exhibiting no catalytic turnover without added Bronsted acid. In this work, we use density functional theory together with continuum solvation and microkinetics simulations to understand these differences. The computed turnover frequencies reproduce the experimental trends. In absolute numbers, the computed turnover frequencies differ from the experimental ones by about an order of magnitude. We find that some of the experimentally used acids are too weak to protonate CO2 or to stabilize CO2 binding. Catalysis with these acids requires more negative applied potentials or higher acid concentrations compared to catalysis with stronger acids. This trend is more pronounced for the Mn catalyst than for the Re catalyst, the latter working at maximum turnover with acids that produce submaximum turnover with the Mn catalyst. ...


Based on the definition of IEEE 802.11 and the requirements of real-time control and monitoring, we introduce a new protocol-Prioritized CSMA/CA-for real-time wireless local area networking. For the first time, we propose and validate several new algorithms, a constant penalty, an estimated error order and a lag first order for dynamically scheduling the traffic of wireless networked control systems. All algorithms are compared via simulation and the results show that dynamic scheduling algorithms achieve better system performance on average than static scheduling algorithms, like fixed order polling.


. With backing from over sixty manufacturers, the AS-I bus seeks to simplify the wiring of automatic control systems (sensors, actuators, etc.), using a single non-shielded two-core cable. . The system is easy to implement, gives cycle times better than 5 ms, integrates a 24 V DC sensor power supply line, and assists in locating functionality as close as possible to the manufacturing process.


Lifetime spectra of positrons is oxides were measured. Densities of oxygen ions corrected for the ionicities are rather good parameters describing τ 1 -1 and thus positrons may be itinerant in oxides. The annihilation rates τ 1 -1 are about 1.5 times as large as those which are calculated on the assumption that the positrons distribute homogeneously.


This study investigated whether biochar amendments can increase long-term nitrogen storage by adding nitrogen to stable soil fractions with slow turnover rates. It also aimed to confirm whether biochar additions sequester carbon in these fractions. Two methods were used to fractionate soil samples from three agricultural sites. A chemical fractionation used sequential extractions with strong acid, while a physical fractionation used wet sieving with progressively finer sieve meshes. Both methods divided soil samples into fractions distributed along a spectrum of stability and turnover time. Fractions were analyzed for their carbon and nitrogen contents. Available nitrogen and soil respiration were also analyzed for one site. The chemical fractionation revealed higher carbon and nitrogen levels in the most recalcitrant fraction of biochar-amended soils, compared to controls with no amendment. This supports the idea that biochar additions can sequester carbon in the soil, and suggests that biochar does increase long-term nitrogen storage in agricultural soils. Results of the physical fractionation were less conclusive.


The main focus of the present work was to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on etheric oil produced by the steam distillation of garlic homogenate, by steam distillation after previously applied microwave (MW) treatment of garlic cloves, by steam distillation under reduced pressure, and by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide.


This commentary discusses the concept of value-based or value-focused health care as a rationale for researchers to incorporate mixed methods study designs a priori into clinical trials evaluating traditional, complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (TCAIM). Along with assessing patient outcomes, information about patients' experiences and preferences are needed to determine the value of an intervention. Incorporating a mixed-methods approach can improve the quality of clinical trials and provide important information about the potential value of the intervention.


Technology has become more and more global and access to advanced technologies is vital for gaining and maintaining a durable competitive advantage under the conditions of economic globalization. Globalization and opening of large research and development centres by the large companies in areas with a major human potential, in which the operating costs are low, imply an exchange of specialized information with global distribution, access to specific applications and big data traffic generators. In the same time they imply the existence of IT&C infrastructure, as well as the availability of human resources experienced in using the new technologies. Electronic communications have a significant impact over cultural activities as well as on recreative ones, by offering a high accessibility, changing the consumer behaviour as well as offering access to a large number of options.


This research studies the digital media consumption pattern of journalists. This consumption pattern is done by journalists to support their job. The work pattern of journalists in finding news fundamentally depends on the credibility of the sources. The process of choosing sources and finding ideas and information is usually done conventionally, thus presently done through social media. This study was conducted by surveying 60 journalists in Jakarta. The method used for data analysis was descriptive statistics. Results showed that the majority of respondents had a high social media usage pattern; thus, it can be said that social media carries a great influence toward the work pattern of journalists. This can be seen from the majority of respondents who admitted that they had written about growing issues in social media as news in conventional media; they even admitted to interviewing some sources because they monitored their opinions and comments on social media. The type of journalists who became respondents in Jabodetabek were creators, conversationalists and Joiners; the rest participated by consuming social medias and collecting informations. Journalists in this position acted only as consumers.


This Article selects Yanbian of Jilin Province,where the population of Korea Minority is most,to take Jin Tang Village in Hun Chun of Yanbian as an example.By fieldwork,apply concrete methods such as the thorough interviewing,participating observation,etc.Mainly from these aspects of Woman' flowing,such as present condition,characteristics and reason etc.Investigate the phenomenon of the female outflows in village in China,and try to analyze the problems such as marriage,family,community and society etc.


Liver is a highly nutritious source of minerals and vitamins. However, many consumers find it unpalatable, some species and some cooking methods being more objectionable than others. In this study, a range of analytical techniques was used to screen potential taste and aroma compounds present in four species of liver (chicken, pork, lamb and beef) cooked under one standard processing regime. This paper compares the volatile profiles of the four species of cooked liver, and relates these to differences in the 1H-NMR profiles. The key driver of species differentiation was found to be lipid degradation products: the plasmalogen-derived aldehydes were associated with the beef liver whereas compounds derived from ω-3 fatty acids were dominant in the lamb liver. Maillard reaction products were dominant in beef liver and carotenoid degradation products were dominant in lamb and pork liver.


This report presents the results of an inter-laboratory comparison on the specific migration of caprolactam (CAP) and 2,4-di-tert butyl phenol (2,4-DTBP) from a plastic food contact material in food simulant A (ethanol 10 %, v/v) organised by the EURL-FCM, Ispra (Italy). Homogeneity and stability studies were conducted. Participants had to carry out a migration test by immersion with food simulant A for 10 days at 60C, to quantify the migration of caprolactam (CAP) in food simulant A, and to provide details of the analytical and sample extraction procedure. In addition a by-product 2,4di-tert butyl phenol (2,4-DTBP) was also present and had to be quantified. The assigned values of the migration of the migrant were calculated as the robust mean of the results reported by the participants by applying the Q/Hampel method robust statistics. The participation to the ILC was satisfactory with 28 out of 29 participating laboratories submitting results. The z-score values of the laboratories for each substance were calculated based on the assigned value. In the case of CAP and also for the more challenging non intentionally added substances 2,4-DTBP more than 82% of the results were fully satisfactory (|z-score|<2). This percentage rose to close to 90% for z-scores <3 in the compliance evaluation of the regulated substance CAP. EURL-FCM ILC 02 2015 – Specific migration in Simulant A Report of the inter-laboratory comparison ILC 02 2015 – Specific migration in food simulant A EC-JRC-IHCP, CAT Unit 2016 No SANTE/ AA SI2.701410 Emmanouil Tsochatzis, Anja Mieth and Catherine Simoneau EURL-FCM ILC 02 2015 – Specific migration in Simulant A


In this paper, we introduce the class of generalized Stolz mappings. Also we prove that the class of  $\ell ^{p}-$ -type mappings is included in the class of generalized Stolz mappings and give a new quasinorm equivalent with $\Vert T\Vert_{\phi_{(p)}}$ . Finally, we present some properties of the class of generalized Stolz mappings.


The middle strength spiral rib steel wires is an ideal substitute of prestressing tendon in precast hollow slab.The precast hollow slab with middle strength spiral rib steel wires is characterized by having excellent mechanical properties and higher safety.Based on the existing codes and regulations,some issues like the hollow slab design procedure,production and the structural performance checking have been put forward in the paper,which can be referred to by the designers,engineers,manufactures and the staff working on standard drawings.


In this paper, we present a robust method for estimating the model parameters in a mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers. This method is based on the stochastic version of the expectation maximization (SEM) algorithm. Parameters of this mixture model are herein used to constrain the 3D reconstruction problem of scoliotic rib cage from a pair of planar and conventional calibrated radiographic images (postero-anterior with normal incidence (I/sub PA/) and lateral (I/sub LAT/)). More precisely, the proposed PPCA mixture model is herein robustly exploited for dimensionality reduction and to get a set of probabilistic prior models associated to each detected class of pathological deformations observed on a representative training scoliotic rib cage population. By using an appropriate likelihood and for each considered class-conditional prior model, the proposed 3D reconstruction is stated as an energy function minimization problem, which is solved with a stochastic optimization algorithm. The optimal 3D reconstruction then corresponds to the class of deformation and parameters leading to the minimal energy. This 3D method of reconstruction has been successfully tested on several biplanar radiographic images, yielding very promising results.


The present invention discloses a bullet-proof glass and single crystal sapphire easily processable method of processing, the bulletproof glass comprises at least four-layer structure, followed by the refractive index of the sapphire near the outer layer of optical glass, sapphire single crystal layer, the refractive index of the sapphire close to the inner glass layer and an optically transparent organic material layer. The single crystal layer is a single crystal sapphire plate oriented melt solidifies to form a high temperature, and the surface of the sapphire single crystal layer without any processing or not polished. Referred to in the present invention an easy processing of sapphire bulletproof glass, while reducing production costs, avoid the sapphire grinding and polishing difficult, and also has good anti-missile capability.


Background Greater affluence and cheaper travelling have enabled a rapid increase in the number of people travelling around the world. About two thirds of travelers have experienced symptoms of motion sickness at least once. A known type of motion sickness is sea sickness. In extreme situations can concern as many as 60 % of even an experienced crew and as many as from 60 to 90% inexperienced sailors. Growing number research of is linking this disease to a psychosomatic reaction. The aim of the study was to review the literature on psychosomatic aspects of motion and seasickness and to evaluate them according to QUADAS-2 tool. Materials and methods Materials for this literature review were found by two authors using PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases. A combination of the keywords "seasickness", "motion sickness", "psychology" (according to Medical Subjects Headings- MeSH) was used to identify relevant studies. Finally, five publications were qualified for literature review. Each publication qualified for review was evaluated in accordance with the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Testing (QUADAS-2). Results The knowledge gained from 4 studies indicated that there is a relationship between the symptoms of motion- and seasickness and psychological conditions, and one of them suggests that these relationships are small. According to the QUADAS-2 tool, there is low possibility of making mistakes in patient selection and test indexes, but the studies are at risk of bias in terms of time and flow. Conclusions Considering all the reports on this subject, it is suggested that psychological factors related to personality traits, self-control and neuroticism have a significant impact on motion sickness, including seasickness. It is recommended to conduct further research on the subject.


Functional Analysis of the TRIB1 Locus in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) By Adrianna Douvris The TRIB1 locus (8q24.13) is a novel locus associated with plasma TGs and CAD risk. Trib1 is a regulator of MAPK activity, and has been shown to regulate hepatic lipogenesis and VLDL production in mice. However, the functional relationship between common SNPs at the TRIB1 locus and plasma lipid traits is unknown; TRIB1 has not been identified as an eQTL. This cluster of SNPs falls within an intergenic region 25kb to 50kb downstream of the TRIB1 coding region. By phylogenetic footprinting analysis and DNA genotyping, we identified an evolutionarily conserved region (CNS1) within the risk locus that harbours two common SNPs in tight LD with GWAS risk SNPs and significantly associated with CAD. We investigated the regulatory function of CNS1 by luciferase reporter assays in HepG2 cells and demonstrate that this region has promoter activity. In addition, the rs2001844 risk allele significantly reduces luciferase activity, suggesting that altered expression of the EST-based gene may be associated with plasma TGs. We identified an EST within the risk locus directly downstream of CNS1. We performed 5'/3' RACE using HepG2 RNA, identified multiple variants of this EST-based gene, and confirmed its transcription start site within CNS1. We hypothesize that this EST is a long noncoding RNA due to low abundance, poor conservation, and absence of significant ORF. Over-expression of a short variant implicates its function in the regulation of target gene transcription, although the mechanism of action remains unknown. We conclude that the risk locus at 8q24.13 harbours a novel EST-based gene that may explain the relationship between GWAS SNPs at this locus and plasma lipid traits.


The development of new bioelectronic platforms could provide exciting new opportunities for clinical analysis, environmental monitoring, and defense. Wearable adhesive tapes could adhere to skin to be in close contact with sweat that consists of many healthcare-related proteins, small molecules, and ions, and thus could function as unique platforms for the sensor construction. Here, we show for the first time the construction of wearable adhesive tape-based smart biosensing systems, and their determinations of lactate and glucose. The sensor is built by printing carbon graphite and Ag/AgCl inks on an adhesive tape to function as the working, reference, and counter electrodes, followed by the immobilization of lactate oxidase or glucose oxidase on the working electrode. The sensor shows a sensitive and broad detection range from micromolar to millimolar, and a quick measuring time of within 5 min for the determination of lactate or glucose. It is expected that these results could open up exciting new avenues for the development of novel wearable sensors, and toward advanced sweat-sensor applications.


Acoustic imaging methods are used to detect and quantify aerodynamic noise sources in aeroacoustic experiments. In wind tunnels with an open jet test section the sound wave propagating from an aeroacoustic source to a microphone array is distorted by the shear layer in the propagation path. The velocity fluctuations caused by the turbulence in the shear layer continuously alter the propagation time between source and observer causing reduction of the coherence between two microphone signals. The reduction in coherence is stochastic and dependents on the relative position between source and microphone. This leads to blurred acoustic source images with reduced peak Sound Pressure Level. This paper presents the Acoustic Lucky Imaging methodology, based on a methodology in astronomy to correct for image distortion due to turbulence present in Earth's atmosphere. Furthermore, a model for coherence loss is derived to explain the loss of acoustic image resolution and allow for a- priori estimates on acoustic image blurring. The methodology is applied to an acoustic data set obtained in the open jet of a large industrial wind tunnel. It is shown that the presented methodology can restore a loss of 6 dB peak Sound Pressure Level by 3 dB and increase the resolution of the acoustic image at 8 kHz, a wind tunnel speed of 34 m s − 1 , and a shear layer thickness of ∼ 1 m.


It provides a cleaning method that the object to be cleaned with a plasma polymer that is generated in the plasma etching process using a fluorine-containing gas, can be satisfactorily removed. The temperature (t) of the cleaning liquid (3) at least in the washing liquid (fluorinated solvent) (3) containing the fluorine compound, as a cleaning method with the immersion step of immersing the object to be cleaned (1), dipping process, and a cleaning liquid (3) more than the standard boiling point or temperature of one low side of 100 ℃ in the first pressure of the fluorine compound to be contained in, and characterized in that the atmosphere pressure of the fluorine compound is a pressure at which the liquid state at a temperature (t) a cleaning method as. Further, as a cleaning method with the immersion process in which the object to be cleaned with a plasma polymer that is generated in the plasma etching process using a fluorine-containing gas, dipped in the cleaning liquid containing the fluorinated compound, it said fluorinated compound is more than 5 carbon atoms directly the cleaning method comprising the alkyl group as a chain or branched perfluoroalkyl structure.


With increasing amount of data in information industry, there may be an immense amount from claiming information accessible in the majority of the business data. This information will be of no utilization until it is changed over under suitable data. It found important to examine this immense amount of data and withdrawal meaningful knowledge from it. Data mining is an important methodology in withdrawal of meaningful knowledge from large cluster of data. Clustering is included in the tasks of data mining. Clustering is one of the task in which making a group of physical objects into classes of similar objects. In this review paper, we give a study of various clustering methods in data mining for information retrieval and other purposes. We will describe fundamental study of clustering and will analyze each methodology by doing comparative study in table format and examine the clustering algorithms for heterogeneous data.


Segmentation is one of the most essential steps required to identify the inert object in the chest x-ray. A review with the existing segmentation techniques towards chest x-ray as well as other vital organs was performed. The main objective was to find whether existing system offers accuracy at the cost of recursive and complex operations. The proposed system contributes to introduce a framework that can offer a good balance between computational performance and segmentation performance. Given an input of chest x-ray, the system offers progressive search for similar image on the basis of similarity score with queried image. Region-based shape descriptor is applied for extracting the feature exclusively for identifying the lung region from the thoracic region followed by contour adjustment. The final segmentation outcome shows accurate identification followed by segmentation of apical and costophrenic region of lung. Comparative analysis proved that proposed system offers better segmentation performance in contrast to existing system.


The airport city is a two-fold phenomenon: the areas surrounding the airport develop due to their proximity and accessibility to the terminal complex, and the terminal complex itself develops in to a pseudo-urban centre. This situation is manifest to varying extents in all major airports of the world today. In many cases, the resultant agglomeration resembles a city in terms of scale, 'population' (staff and travellers), infrastructural connectivity and spatial quality. As the world becomes more globalised and the demand for air travel continues its upward trajectory it seems that we are witnessing only the beginning of a new urban typology with global implications that are not yet fully known.


With the informatization of versatile platforms, e-commerce has become the most popular promotional channel. As the key element of the marketing mix, price strategy plays an almost decisive role in a consumers willingness to pay and consumer satisfaction. Thus, this study will explore the impact of bundling strategy on consumer psychology in big data e-commerce. The result shows that the bundling strategy can take advantage of big data to maximize product value perception and consumer satisfaction. Through the previous literature, the article finds many complex psychological aspects of consumers in bundle pricing under big data e-commerce. However, there are few studies on the specific elements and degree of impact on consumer psychology. Therefore, future studies can focus on using qualitative analysis to explore the influence of bundling strategy on consumer psychology in big data E-commerce and focus on one of the e-commerce platforms.


Objective This study aimed to evaluate the performance of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) in chronic kidney disease stage 5D HCV-infected patients compared to transient hepatic elastography (TE) as the gold standard. Methods Hemodialysis HCV-infected patients submitted to TE (FibroScan, Echosens, Paris, France) had APRI and FIB-4 calculated. Based on the best area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis, APRI and FIB-4 cutoffs were determined and their performances were compared. Results Seventy patients were included. Both APRI and FIB-4 showed good performance for identifying significant fibrosis [AUROC = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.83 and 0.79, 95% CI 0.68–0.88; P < 0.05] and cirrhosis [AUROC = 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.90 and 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.93; P < 0.05]. APRI ≤ 0.25 excluded significant fibrosis with negative predictive value (NPV) of 81.8% and APRI > 0.61 confirmed it with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 81.8%. Similarly, NPV for FIB-4 ≤ 0.60 regarding significant fibrosis was 90.9%. NPV for cirrhosis for APRI ≤ 0.42 or FIB-4 ≤ 1.40 was 97%. However, APRI > 0.73 or FIB-4 > 2.22 showed a modest PPV of 60 and 70% to confirm cirrhosis, respectively. Conclusion APRI and FIB-4 are simple, non-expensive scoring systems with good accuracy to assess fibrosis in HCV-infected hemodialysis patients, mainly excluding both significant fibrosis or cirrhosis and may be an alternative to TE in the evaluation of this population.


Although most Arab countries seek to reduce the food gap, but these countries still suffer from food gap unevenly. The problem of this research have been identified as observed from the presence of food gap of the most important food commodities such as grain group, meat group, oils group, dairy products, and sugar, estimated about 15 % خ 32 % خ 46 % خ 51 % خ 44 % خ respectively. The value of the Arab food gap of food commodities also amounted to about $ 35 billion in 3156 خ this research aims is to identify the consumer power of the groups of food commodities in the Arab countries, and assess the demand for food, and forecasting by the consumed quantities for the most important food commodities under the study. Descriptive and quantitative analysis have been used in conducting this research; regression analysis has been implemented in the last one, t he rate of growth as well as the prediction of the demand for food. Secondary data published in the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the statements of the International Institute for Food Policy Research, and published related reports have been used. The results indicated that the quantities of cereals, oils, meat, fish, milk and sugar have been increased by an annual statistically significant around 717.48, 0.19, 0.79, 0.54, 0.53, respectively. With an average annual increase about 1.38%, 0.09%, 0.37%, 0.15%, 1.02%, 1.01% of the annual average of around 39.28, 1.37, 5.74, 2.86, 18.60, 2.16 million tons as an average for the period (2000-2014), respectively. Also the results indicated that the growth of the agricultural and food imports have been increased more than the export growth rate for both agricultural and food during the study period. With regard to self-sufficiency for the vegetables group, fruit, dairy products, meat, and fish, the results showed that they have been increased by an annual statistically significant around 0.81%, 0.86%, 1.01% 0.81%, 0.42% at an increase annual rate about 0.79%, 0.87%, 1.37%, 1.02%, 0.41% of the annual average of about 103%, 99.6%, 80%, 74%, 103% as an average for the period (200-2014m), respectively. The average annual per capita in the Arab world of wheat, vegetables and fruits, sugar, vegetable oils, meat, fish, milk and its products nearly 142, 143.6, 87.6, 28.7, 14.8, 31, 11.4, 92.7 kg per year on average for the same period, respectively. . It was found from the search results approximate the average per capita global average protein, which was estimated at 83.2 0.81 grams, respectively. ,. While the average per capita in the Arab world from fat decreased the global average urged canceled t his average about 75.82 grams per day, respectively. While the convergence of per capita in the Arab world calories global counterpart, the market reached 2910.2870 kcal per day, respectively. It was found from hunger index that the Republic of the Comoros in a worrying situation for the hunger index, followed by Sudan and Djibouti hunger index stood at about 31.75, 26.5, 19.75 average for the period (2012-2014m), respectively. The results indicate that growth rates in consumption of all food commodities covered by this study have been increased, where the rate of growth in consumption of the Group of grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, oils, milk, and sugar about 5.8%, 5.2%, 4.2%, 4.73%, 7.57 %, 6.39%, 3.72%, 4.71%, respectively. Also the results showed that the amount of forecasting the consumption in the Arab World in 2020, as the results also showed that the estimated quantities expected consumption of grain, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, oils, milk, and sugar about 163.9, 18.2, 8.9, 8.7, 2.4,2.9 0.8, 2.9 million tons, respectively. Valued at about 26.22, 10.4, 6.2, 8.52, 6.49, 5.03, 7.19, 2.23 billion dollars in 2020, respectively, valued according to 2014 prices, while also the increase in the value of quantities consumed for the group of food commodities under study at about 72.31 billion US dollars in 2020. In the light of the findings of the research results, it recommends the following:  Putting food policies in the Arab world more clearly to overcome the food gap, especially cereal crops.  Activation of two-way trade of Arab countries and activating the Greater Arab Free Trade Area.  Expansion of agricultural projects, especially cereal crops.  Interesting in animal production projects and fish activity to reduce the food gap of animal protein.  Interesting in agricultural industrialization projects and increases the added value of agricultural products to limit exporting them as a raw material outside the Arab world.


Objective To observe the effect of primary suture combined with pars plana vitrectomy on severe ocular trauma. Methods Forty- six patients(46 eyes) were retrospective recruited between October 2008 and May 2012 in our hospital,all patients were chose primary suture combined with pars plana vitrectomy and followed up from 3 months to 3 years. The index of visural acuity,retinal conditions( retinal detachment,retinal proliferation,or retinal atrophy) and eyes(atrophy,infection) were collected to evaulate the effect of primary suture combined with pars plana vitrectomy on severe ocular trauma. Results After treatment,the visural acuity of 30 eyes(65. 3%) were improved and all the intraocular foreign body were removed. The 77. 7% patients with retinal detachment were reseted. Conclusion The effects of primary suture combined with pars plana vitrectomy on severe ocular trauma were satisfied.