Increases in the proportion of amylose in the starch of wheat grains result in higher levels of resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber associated with human health benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of combined mutations in five STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes on starch composition, grain yield and bread-making quality in two hexaploid wheat varieties. Significantly higher amylose (~60%) and resistant starch content (10-fold) was detected in the SBEIImutants than in the wildtype controls. Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%). Effects of the mutations in bread-making quality included increases in grain hardness, starch damage, water absorption and flour protein content; and reductions in flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times, starch viscosity, and loaf volume. Several traits showed significant interactions between genotypes, varieties, and environments, suggesting that some of the negative impacts of the combined SBEII mutations can be ameliorated by adequate selection of genetic background and growing location. The deployment of wheat varieties with increased resistant starch will likely require economic incentives to compensate growers and millers for the significant reductions detected in grain and flour yields. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


1Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.1 2University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 4Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA 5McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 6Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.


Based on the traditional clustering method for fuzzy equivalence relation,the fuzzy equivalence matrix is structured by the fuzzy similarity matrix,and it solves the transitive closure with Warshall algorithm.Through the classification at different credit levels,the paper gets the best clustering through the degree of deviation and reliability indexes based on the real estate data of the past three months in Chaoyang District of Beijing.The best clustering based on the final optimum credit level proves to be in line with the actual situation.


A HPLC method was established for the determination of Imperatorin in Tongqiaobiyan Tablet.The samples were extracted by supersonic with methanol.RP-HPLC analysis was carried out on Thermo Hypersil-Keystone ODS C_(18) column and the mixture of Methanol-Water(70∶30) was used as the mobile phase,the detection wavelength at 300 nm,the column temperature at 25℃ and the flow rate at 0.8mL·min~(-1).The standard curve was linear over the range of 0.02~0.20μg,and the average recovery was 100.26% with RSD 1.41%.The method is sensitive,accurate and specific.It may be used for the quantitative determination of Imperatorin in Tongqiaobiyan Tablet.


ICT is being applied in various fields nowadays. Affected fields in this category include education, commerce, health and governance. Due to this effect day by day a number of websites and portals are taking birth. No doubt it is for the benefit of the society and its and its people. But as the number of websites and web application are growing exponentially, security of these is becoming main issue. As soon as more and more services are going to be online the risk of losing that information is increasing due to various security concerns. Not only loosing the information, unauthorized changes made in that information may be more dangerous than loss of the data. In electronic form of providing information, the medium is website or combination of websites named portal. In this paper various issues regarding website and portal security have been discussed and various security related suggestions have been provided for the stakeholders.


By discussing the concept of recreation education again,the paper clarifies that recreation education is the inevitable choice for the modern education,and proposes the new approaches to the development of recreation education.


The optical channel models for airborne submarine laser communication are built and the received energy is discussed. In this propagation channel, sea has the most important impact on the power attenuation. Applying the classical electron scattering theory to the photo scattering effects in the sea, the transmission delay of underwater laser pulse is investigated by small-angle approximation theory, caused by the scattering effects in the sea. To indicate the influences of the seawater properties on the transmission delay, some interrelated curves are displayed. The multi-path time spreading of signal pulse is studied. The waveform of received signals in receiver in submarine laser communication system is analyzed and simulated by use of Monte Carlo simulation. The results deduced by using Monte Carlo coincide with that simulated by using small-angle approximation theory.


SUMMARY The source of infection was investigated in a California ranch where condemnation rate from pericarditis, perihepatitis, and airsacculitis was 25%. The well water, highly contaminated with pathogenic E. coli, was suspected to be related to the high incidence of airsac lesions. The serologic patterns of E. coli isolated from the well water, drinking troughs, and affected birds were similar. After the well was chlorinated, condemnation due to the above lesions in subsequent broods was negligible.


The argument of this paper concerns itself with three things. First, it examines critically some traditional classic approaches to comparative education; second, it dwells on some nascent approaches; and third, it offers the views of this writer on the subject. Without aiming at exhaustiveness or any definitive formulation, it focuses on the question of methodology, describes previous and current efforts in this sphere, comments on their adequacy or inadequacy, and suggests ways for improvement. In some primordial sense comparative education may be considered as an ancient phenomenon. Plato makes numerous sporadic "comparisons" between Athenian and Spartan educational ideas and practices, and Thucydides frequently "compares" the Athenian civilization and "paideia" with those of other city-states. It was not until the nineteenth century, however, that attempts were made at a more systematic approach to comparative education, although, as Brickman points out, several "comparative" studies had appeared earlier.2 Yet, however valuable the work of such nineteenth-century pioneers as MarcAntoine Jullien and Michael Sadler may have been, from the methodological standpoint it was not until the appearance of I. L. Kandel's monumental Comparative Education in 1933 that the foundations of a truly scientific study of comparative education were laid. Kandel's study charted a new course, and his views on the proper conduct of comparative studies have, in the main, remained the basis of the theoretical framework of all subsequent research in the discipline. It is appropriate, therefore, to start with a careful analysis of Kandel's approach which may be described as the most representative in the traditional-classic category. In his most recent opinion on the subject Kandel stated that "the methodology of compa a ve education is determined by the purpose hat the study is to fulfill." Since the purpose is not merely to "learn about," but also "to search for information into" an educat onal system, "comparative education may be considered a continuation of the study of the history of education into the present."3 Looking at his actual writings, and specifically at his pioneer 1933 study and the 1955 sequel, one observes that Kandel's methodology is governed by at least three major purposes.4 The first purpose may be called the repertorial-descriptive. The reader is ccordingly furnished with certain facts or, to use his own words, "information about" the school systems of various nations. In classifying these facts, Kandel employs for the most part "common-sense" categories such as organization and administration of education, elementary and secondary education, and preparation of teachers, elementary and secondary. Kandel, quite rightly, regards the mere reporting of the facts as inadequate and limited, but as an essential first step in the process of comparative study. All comparative educators have followed this basic principle of Kandel's method. The second, and, in his opinion, identifying feature of comparative education, may be called the historical-functional. Though necessary, it is not sufficient to report on mere facts. The comparative educator, according to Kandel, must look into "the causes" which have produced certain problems, and must appreciate Sadler's "intangible, spiritual and cultural forces which underlie an educational system." In the introduction to the 1933 volume he writes:


AbstractFormula One motorsport is a flourishing enterprise with an annual turnover approaching £2 billion and employing up to 25 000 people in engineering in the UK. It has grown from modest roots with no central planning but is now at the forefront of technical development. The enterprise is based principally in the UK with exports running at over 50% of turnover. Many of the technical advances and improved safety features can be traced to the use of new materials and they are described in detail. The growth of Formula One manufacturing over the past 50 years has coincided with a decline in volume car production in the UK. The possibility of using the success of Formula One as a way of both improving the status of engineers and providing lessons for manufacturing industry in general is discussed.


The increasing awareness of the public in protecting the ecological environment has led to increased complaints text involving environmental issues. However, due to the short length of the complaint texts, irregular language descriptions, and strong professionalism, the conventional classification methods' applicability is poor, and manual classification is time-consuming and laborious. This paper proposes an automatic annotation¬based text classification method for environmental complaint reports. First of all, a tiny amount of labeled data was used to establish the corresponding field's cell vocabulary corpus. Secondly, the cell vocabulary was expanded through the large corpus pre-training model. Finally, the TextCNN model was trained to realize automatic labeling and classification of the unlabeled complaint text. Experiments show that the classification method based on the domain feature dictionary proposed in this paper reduces manual annotation error, performs better on large- scale data sets, and is a reliable classification method.


Using particle size of 0.81 μm WC powder and 1.35 μm Co powder,WC-10Co cemented carbides,of which the mean gain size was smaller than 0.8 μm,were fabricated by hot-pressing with addition of Cr_3C_2 and VC as grain growth inhibitors.The microhardness and the microstructure of the sintered samples were investigated.By increasing the hot-pressing temperature or sintering time,the microhardness of WC-10Co cemented carbides was increased,But the microhardness of cemented carbides was increased more obviously by adding grain growth inhibitors.The microhardness of the samples arith 0.8Cr_3C_2+0.4VC as grain growth inhibitor, hot-pressed and sintered at temperature of 1 400 ℃ for 2 h,was the highest one and reached (22 560) MPa. According to the results of the experiment,the effect of grain growth inhibitors for WC-10Co cemented carbides is:(Cr_3C_2+VC)Cr_3C_2VC.


The process of digitization of data through Optical Character Recognition has been most commonly done through means of Computer Vision. An attempt was made to replace this with a Natural Language Processing method called Named Entity Recognition for extraction of the required data values from the OCR output of the images of documents through means of spaCy. Named Entity Recognition is a technique used to automatically identify named entities in a text and classify them into predefined categories. It helps businesses easily analyze huge amounts of unstructured data. Text Annotation helps machines recognize the crucial words in a sentence making them more powerful. It is an essential requirement for making a dataset that can be used for NLP Models. Labeling the keywords in each statement is important to make the entire statement understandable to machine learning models. A generalized NER framework was developed by the authors which lets users build training models on top of the existing spaCy models to allow for named entity recognition on their text data. The framework takes a configuration file which contains model name, model size and hyperparameters, along with annotated data in JSON format as input, and returns a customized spaCy model as output. An annotation tool STAT was also built by the authors specifically for use with the framework which produced the required training data files. The model built by the authors is based on test configurations with drop as 0.2 and 30 iterations whose results are discussed in the Results Section.


A manager, planning to commercialize a new product, requires market information to decide whether to launch the product and to make marketing-mix decisions. Full-scale test markets, in which the product is sold under real conditions for a length of time, are costly and risky. Many managers will begin with a pretest market method to obtain good quality information from customers in a relatively short period of time and at much lower cost. The pretest market filters out likely failures and allows the manager to focus on better market opportunities. While there are several variants, a typical pretest market involves simulating the customer's purchase behavior in a controlled setting. The customer usually takes the product home for trial, and likely repeat purchase rates are assessed. Here, we profile ASSESSOR and BASES, two of the most popular pretest market procedures. We conclude with a discussion of some of the newest trends in pretest markets, including the use of information acceleration in the forecasting of big-ticket items such as automobiles, and a mention of the most common criticisms of pretest markets.

Keywords:

pretest market models;
awareness–trial–repeat model;
information acceleration;
ASSESSOR;
BASES;
NEWS


This paper analyzed the status of water quality monitoring in Taihu area,as well as the problems faced in drinking water treatment,and concluded that it is necessary to establish the data-sharing system of remote water quality monitoring station.Introduced the system as a whole in the design,and Socket communication,.Net framework,SQL server database programming technologies which may be used in the system development.Implementation of this data sharing system would be a great extent improvement for the water companies to deal with emergencies such as water pollution,and a powerful way to guarantees the safety of drinking water.


OBJECTIVE To search for alternative material for gelatin,prepare enteronic hard capusles,and evaluate the capsules in pharmaceutical method.METHODS The membranes of Eudragit L100-55 were prepared and investigated,capsules were prepared by a dipping process,in vitro release test was taken and acetaminophen was uesd as the model drug.RESULTS Opitimized formulation was obtained and the capsules prepared met the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopeia to enteric capsules.CONCLUSION Eudragit L100-55 could be a kind of well alternative metiral for gelatin,and the in vitro release test accord with the requirement of enteronic drug delivery.


Monte Carlo methods are used routinely to compute the eigenvalue and power distribution of reactor cores and fuel assemblies. Reproducibility of the results is vital to quality assurance for engineering design and to the process of developing and verifying a Monte Carlo code. In this paper, the authors outline methods used in the RACER Monte Carlo code, which ensure reproducibility, regardless of supergrouping or parallel processing, and which are completely consistent with conventional scalar Monte Carlo eigenvalue calculational methods.


LabWindows/CVI is a programming system for developing virtual instrument in ANSI C, its function is more powerful compared with other programming system. This article introduces the development of ActiveX Server in this programming system. At first, it introduces how to build ActiveX Server in LabWindows/CVI, and thus explaining how to convert it into IVI Instrument Driver so that it can be used in LabWindows/CVI project.


AbstractThe paper analyzes alternative mathematical techniques, which can be used to derive hedging strategies for credit derivatives in models with totally unexpected default. The stochastic calculus approach is used to establish abstract characterization results for hedgeable contingent claims in a fairly general set-up. In the Markovian framework, we use the PDE approach to show that the arbitrage price and the hedging strategy for an attainable contingent claim can be described in terms of solutions of a pair of coupled PDEs.


Telecommunications and the electricity supply industry were the first infrastructure sectors to be liberalized. After liberalization the former cost-plus regulation was substituted by new principles of incentive regulation of access to the network infrastructure. The two industries have developed quite differently with respect to market structure and regulation. The objective of this paper is to compare the regulation of access to the network infrastructure in the Danish telecommunications and electricity supply industry, the choice of pricing models and their implementation. In telecommunications the preferred pricing model is Long Run Average Incremental Costs (LRAIC), whereas a mixture of Benchmarking and Revenue Cap Regulation has been introduced for electricity. The principles of the different access pricing models are briefly discussed. We proceed with a presentation of the concrete pricing models that have been applied in Denmark and discuss their implementation and outcome. The results so far have been positive in telecommunications. In the electricity supply industry they have been disappointing thus demonstrating some of the difficulties of implementing incentive regulation. We conclude with a comparative discussion of the two industries and whether they can learn something from each other.


Background:
An increasing number of patients with an oncology diagnose will be seen in the future. The oncology care is complex and in great need of nurses with a high level of competence. There is ...


A heterodyne receiver at 1 THz is described, whose components are waveguide mixer and frequency multipliers with Schottky-diodes as mixing and multiplying elements. Most important is the breakthrough in local-oscillator development: The power at the fundamental frequency is generated by an InP-Gunn-Oscillator which delivers 70 mW at 111.2 2 GHz. The output power from two cascade triplers (at the 9th-harmonic) was 60 1.1W (min.) Coupling of signaland I—O.-power is achieved by a Martin-Puplett Interferometer. System noise temperature was determined with absorbers at room temperature and 77 K yielding Tsys = 8800 K (DSB) and total conversion loss = 13dB. Atmospheric losses appear to account for half of the noise temperature and 3dB conversion loss. The mixer is prepared for cooling to liquid nitrogen from which we hope for a further reduction in system noise of approximately a factor of two.


Photoshop is a very popular software for processing graphic images. The tool of image adjustment can be used to synthesize images,adjust tunes and colors of images. Curves is one of the commonest tools to adjust images. This research analyzes the operational principles of Curves in details and elaborates how to use Curves to adjust the colors and details of images. This research focuses on the operational principles and advanced application skills for using image,adjustment and curves.


Sinusoidal modulation techniques are highly applied in the power electronics converters technology and generate harmonic distortion in the load side. The harmonic components generate many problems such as interference with control signals. This paper presents the study results of the carrier based, sinusoidal, modulation method performed for the three-phase, three-wire voltage source inverter. As a result of the carrier based modulation strategy, the output voltage higher harmonics components in the spectrum are observed. They are connected with a carrier signal and with other harmonics sources, e.g. non-linearity load. Using the fluctuation of the switching frequency in the digital modulation system the higher harmonic components of the inverter output voltage can be actively limited. Presented results of the carrier base modulation strategy with the switching frequency fluctuation are selected issues of the control system with the use of a FPGA device. The amplitudes of the output voltage frequency components are reduced in the system with the linear fluctuation of the switching frequency and in the system with the sinusoidal fluctuation of the switching frequency. The results of the sinusoidal modulation method with two kinds of the switching frequency fluctuation used in the voltage source inverter were analyzed and compared.


Previous studies on children's language acquisition have predominantly focused on monolingual or bilingual situations where language differentiation is clear. However; little is known about multilingual contexts; where several languages and/or dialects and pervasive code-switching represent the major sources of language input. This article presents the results of a longitudinal study which examines the kind of input Australian aboriginal children from three different communities receive before entering school. The input to which the children are exposed is rich; multilingual and very varied; not only across the three communities; but also across speakers and even within speakers. The results seem to confirm the steady loss of traditional languages and the emergence of creole and mixed languages; which have become the first language for the younger interlocutors of the children under scrutiny.


A spacer grid assembly is one of the most important structural components of the nuclear fuel assembly of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). A primary design requirement is that the fuel rod integrity be maintained by the spacer grid assembly during the operation of the reactor. In this study, we suggested a new spacer grid assembly having a fuel rod support, which is capable of sliding when the fuel rod vibrates due to flow-induced vibrations in the reactor. By adjusting the relative displacement between the fuel rod and its support, the proposed design will help in reducing fuel rod fretting damage.


Praise be to God alone, and prayers and peace be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, and after. This is a summary of the topic: (suspicions of Orientalism about the Holy Qur'an), where the research consists of an introduction, a preface, four chapters, a conclusion, and then a list of sources and references. As for the introduction: it was titled: Some Orientalists' suspicions about the Holy Qur'an and their tireless efforts to deny the Qur'an and the Islamic religion and cast doubt on the revelation of the Qur'an from God to His Messenger Muhammad, may God's prayers and peace be upon him. In the introduction, I explained the importance of the topic and the reasons for choosing it, and the most important previous studies and the sources and references that I benefited from in this research. I touched on Orientalism and the most important suspicions of the Orientalists, which will be answered in this research, and are represented in the following points: The Qur'an was taken from Judaism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism. The acts of worship that are mentioned in the Qur'an are imitations from the pre-Islamic period and from the Hanafis before the mission. The Quran is dictated by the imagination of Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, as a result of epileptic seizures or deep imagination. The customs that Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, brought are in keeping with the rituals of the Magi and the Persians. This research contains four chapters: Chapter One: In it, I dealt with the response to suspicions about the sources about the Holy Qur'an: I talked about and mentioned their claims and suspicions, studied and discussed what they mentioned, then clarified and responded to them from three aspects: First: the response from the Holy Quran.. Second: The response from the Sunnah. Third: Responding to them through the Orientalists themselves. In the second chapter: I dealt with suspicions about the text of the Holy Qur'an and its compilation, and explained the agreement of the Companions on the necessity of unifying the Qur'an with the agreement of the Companions, may God be pleased with them. It is also divided into three aspects: First: the response from the Holy Quran. Second: The response from the Sunnah. Third: Responding to them through the Orientalists themselves. The third chapter deals with suspicions about the meanings of the Holy Quran: First: the response from the Holy Quran. Second: The response from the Sunnah of the Prophet. Third: Responding to them through the Orientalists themselves. Chapter Four: Conclusion and results. After completing the study, I came out with the following results: The results of the study showed that the orientalists differed in their studies of the Qur'an. Some of them were those whose studies and criticisms were with intent, bad intentions, and fanaticism towards their religion, and for the purpose of questioning the Holy Qur'an. Others made mistakes as a result of lack of understanding of the Arabic language and mistranslation of the meanings of the Holy Qur'an through the literal translation of the words and verses of the Qur'an, which led to the wrong interpretation of the meanings of the Holy Qur'an and misunderstanding of the Qur'anic verses. There are also orientalists who tried to understand the Islamic religion and praised the Holy Quran and responded to other orientalists. Western universities were interested in studying the Holy Qur'an and the Islamic religion and establishing special departments for Islamic studies in their universities.


The book has often been a battleground for the opposing interests of dissent and authority, or for rival commercial interests. These essays are all concerned with historical aspects of the book trade's role as one of the gatekeepers to social status, reputation, money and power.


"Section 2 provides a somewhat confusing description of the contribution of PBA to aerosol chemistry and to aerosol-cloud interactions. The confusion comes from an unclear distinction between A) viable organisms capable of metabolic reactions which can involve atmospheric organic compounds and oxidants, B) biological particles including alive or dead cells and cell fragments, capable of nucleating cloud droplets and


The collection of papers in this volume focuses on the impact of rural development policies and projects on demographic behavior in 7 countries in Asia and Latin America. The methodologies include both quantitative surveys and in-depth microlevel observation of rural communities. The Philippines study examines changes over time in 2 rural communities in Southern Mindanao influenced by the Green Revolution and agrarian reform. The Malaysian project investigates the impact of modern industrial expansion in a traditional rural area upon the family economy and gender roles. In Bangladesh the effect of an integrated program for rural development on demographic change especially on fertility and family planning behavior is examined. The Indian study focuses on the relationship between child labor and fertility in a village where jewelry-making is an important cottage industry. In rural Colombia demographic and economic behavior are compared in 3 different economic sectors--modern capitalist traditional capitalist and smallholders. The Argentinian study investigates the demographic and economic characteristics of households belonging to different agricultural sectors of a relatively underdeveloped province. Finally in Peru demographic and economic behavior in 4 rural areas characterized by different levels of development are compared. The final chapter draws together common insights from the 7 studies and provides general conclusions on what has been learned about the economic demographic and social effects of development on rural households.


This article aims to identify the greater threat to liberal democracies:
"fake news" or domestic regulations intended to combat "fake news".
First, it assesses the impact of fake news on elections by analysing the
2016 US Presidential election in which the world faced the modern
version of fake news for the first time and the 2019 EU Parliament
election in which a non-regulatory initiative was launched to challenge
fake news. Then, it evaluates the impact of regulations on free speech
by reviewing liberal democracies' pioneering regulatory frameworks
intended to combat fake news: French Law no. 2018-1202, Germany's
Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz, and UK's Online Harms White Paper.
It argues that, while damage to the functioning of democracy caused
by fake news during election periods has not been as great as was
feared, since fake news has several, highly politicised meanings, legal
frameworks tend to over-regulate, which may violate the freedom of
expression according to the case-law of the European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR). The article concludes that enhancing media literacy and
non-regulatory efforts globally would contribute much more to prevent
the impacts of fake news and to protect freedom of expression than
legislative frameworks could, and that adopting regulatory frameworks
to tackle the online dissemination of fake news should be reconsidered.


In this paper, we give several new constructions of write-once-memory (WOM) codes. The novelty in our constructions is the use of the so-called Wozencraft ensemble of linear codes. Specifically, we obtain the following results. We give an explicit construction of a two-write WOM code that approaches capacity, over the binary alphabet. More formally, for every ϵ > 0, 0 <; p <; 1, and n=(1/ϵ)O(1/pϵ), we give a construction of a two-write WOM code of length n and capacity H(p)+1-p-ϵ. Since the capacity of a two-write WOM code is maxp (H(p)+1-p), we get a code that is ϵ-close to capacity. Furthermore, encoding and decoding can be done in time O(n2 ·poly (logn)) and time O(n ·poly (logn)), respectively, and in logarithmic space. In addition, we exhibit an explicit randomized encoding scheme of a two-write capacity-achieving WOM code of block length polynomial in 1/ϵ (again, ϵ is the gap to capacity), with a polynomial time encoding and decoding. We obtain a new encoding scheme for three-write WOM codes over the binary alphabet. Our scheme achieves rate 1.809-ϵ, when the block length is exp(1/ϵ). This gives a better rate than what could be achieved using previous techniques. We highlight a connection to linear seeded extractors for bit-fixing sources. In particular, we show that obtaining such an extractor with seed length O(logn) can lead to improved parameters for two-write WOM codes. We then give an application of existing constructions of extractors to the problem of designing encoding schemes for memory with defects.


Corruption is one of the main challenges in governments. According to many international reports, corruption in developing countries is more than developed countries. On the other hand, one of the advantages of e-government is accountability and transparency. Therefore e-government can be introduced as a solution to reduce corruption in government activities. This paper studied the effect of e-government on transparency. For this purpose, firstly, correlation between e-government and transparency scores of 180 countries was measured. Then, these countries were categorized into different clusters according to their scores. Along with this study the e-government strategic plans of 6 developed countries including US, UK, Canada, Singapore, Denmark and New Zealand were reviewed and common features in their e-government strategic plans were identified and finally, some recommendations were proposed in order to improve e-government in developing countries.


The crack resistance in the anchorage area of the concrete pylon is a key factor to determine the durability of the cable-stayed bridge. In the full-sized model test for the pylon of Shangbo Bridge in the city of Yiwu, apart from the conventional detection with the strainometer, displacement meter, etc., the acoustic emission (AE) nondestructive detection is adopted to continuously monitor the internal destruction of the model segment. Results from the test show that application of the sharp radius circular prestress can assure the pylon of crack resistance in the service period, and that the AE system can forecast to a certain degree the internal destruction of concrete, which needs further studies when applied in the process of later operation.


Dry-field (tegalan) is one of subsystems classical agroforestry, where there are no
intensive management of both the spacing and the selection of the type that is considered dryfield
(tegalan) agroforestry subsystems have a state that resembles natural forest ecosystems.
The rate of population growth and development period, causing growing trend towards agrobased
forest production. It became an opportunity execution of research related to the
regeneration capacity of cultivated land. The purpose of this study to determine the pattern of
developing agroforestry in Bulu and knowing regeneration of subsystem modeling
agroforestry field.
This research used observation method. The study was conducted in Bulu-Giripurwo
Village, Girimulyo District, Kulonprogo. Data was collected at 36 samples plots representing
3 stratums. Stratum former has an area <1000 m², the second stratum has an area of 1,000 m²
- 2,000 m², three stratum has an area> 2,000 m². Data is collected for each sample plot census
method. K-Means Cluster Analysis and exponential equation modeling is used to analyze the
dry-field (tegalan) and regeneration modeling each model dry-field (tegalan).
The results of this study indicate that there are three models of management of
cultivated land in Bulu, the Mixed Model, Model MPTS dominant plants and forest trees
dominant model. Mixed models have regeneration equation Y = 3,39 x 2,7128-0,026X with R²
of 0.798. MPTS has the dominant model plant regeneration equation 3,155 x 2,7128-0,021X
with R2 of 0.770. Dominant model of forest trees regeneration has equation Y = 3,182 x
2,7128-0,024X with R2 of 0.706. These results demonstrate agroforestry modeling subsystem
moor has characteristics resembling natural forest regeneration capacity is quite good with an
indication of the distribution representing each level of plant life in proportion.


We fill a void in merging empirical and phenomenological characterisation of the dynamical phase transitions in complex systems by identifying three of them on real-life financial markets. We extract and interpret the empirical, numerical, and semi-analytical evidences for the existence of these phase transitions, by considering the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE), as a typical example of a financial market of a medium size. Using the canonical object for the graph theory, i.e. the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) network, we observe: (i) The initial phase transition from the equilibrium to non-equilibrium MST network in its nucleation phase, occurring at some critical time. Coalescence of edges on the FSE's transient leader is observed within the nucleation and is approximately characterized by the Lifsthiz-Slyozov growth exponent; (ii) The nucleation accelerates and transforms to the condensation process, in the second phase transition, forming a logarithmically diverging λ-peak of short-range order parameters at the subsequent critical time; (iii) In the third phase transition, the peak logarithmically decreases over three quarters of the year, resulting in a few loosely connected sub-graphs. The λ-peak, resembling the continuous phase transition from the normal fluid I He to the superfluid II He, is reminiscent of a non-equilibrium superstar-like superhub or a 'dragon-king' effect, abruptly accelerating the evolution of the leader company. The complexity of the MST is reduced then to the nonlinearity present in deterministic coarse-grain ('macroscopic') dragon-king dynamic equation derived in tha paper. All these phase transitions are supported by the few richest vertices, which drift towards the leader and provide the most of the edges increasing the leader's degree. Thus, we capture an amazing phenomenon, likely of a more universal character, where a peripheral vertex becomes the one which is over dominating the complex network during an exceptionally long period of time.


A channel section or pan (1) for a scraper-chain conveyor has a pair of cast side walls (2,3) each having inwardly- extending upper, lower and intermediate flanges (5, 6, 7). A floor plate (4) is welded between the intermediate flanges (7). The upper and lower flanges (5, 6) have outwardly-extending projections (12, 13) preferably interconnected by ribs (17) spaced apart along the walls. The upper projections (12) form contiguous upper surfaces with the flanges (5) while the lower projections (13) are materially reinforced and have angled-off lower surfaces and narrow lips (18) to which further attachments can be welded.


The general perturbation theory for the LCAO-MO method is developed to include the change of the overlap integrals. The general formulae obtained are applied to an analysis of the extended Huckel theory developed by Hoffmann and some interesting characteristics of this method are discussed.


Crusting can have a prominent effect on seedling emergence. Crust formation at the soil surface is a common feature of many soils including the silty loam soil (Aquic Haplocalsids) from the Konya plain examined in this investigation. The effects of different soil amendments on modulus of rupture and aggregate stability in water were measured in a pot experiment in the laboratory. Seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and penetration resistance was investigated in a microplot experiment in the greenhouse. Portland cement, barnyard manure (dairy cattle), city waste compost (municipal refuse) and wheat straw were used in the pot experiment, and Portland cement and barnyard manure were investigated in the microplot experiment. Soil amendments were added to the soil samples at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (wt/wt) and the samples including a control were incubated at about field capacity water content for up to 100 d in the laboratory. The moduli of rupture values and water stable aggregates were measur...


Loop program has a significant amount of execution time in digital signal processing software, temporary storage of loop code with instruction buffer can reduce the number of program memory access to improve the performance of processor. A loop instruction buffer was added in the instruction pipeline. It could store and dispatch instructions of loop program in the software pipelining manner. The instructions of loop program needed to be accessed from program memory only once but executed many times, so the number of memory access was reduced. During the loop instructions were dispatched from buffer, the program memory could be signaled to sleep to reduce the power consumption of processor. In the typical application program, the instruction pipeline can be idle above 90%, and the performance of processor is improved about 10%, the overhead of loop buffer is 9% of the instruction pipeline.


Abstract The a.c. susceptibility of three samples of a Ni76Mn24 alloy has been measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field at two widely different excitation freauencies, and under a variety of auenching conditions. While rapid auenching yields a canonical spin glass, a reduced auenching rate generates an apparently typical re-entrant ferromagnet with seauential transitions. For the latter samples, the superposition of finite static magnetic fields reveals a distinct peak in the vicinity of the lower transition, which is systematically suppressed in amplitude and temperature, while magnetic isotherms exhibit a strongly-temperature-dependent anomalous structure in the nonlinear susceptibility. There is also evidence for extremely subtle structure in the neighbourhood of the upper transition, but no well-defined critical peaks. We conclude that, while the lower transition is definitely correlated with the onset of a spin-glass phase, the high-temperature portion of the re-entrant profile is a c...


Deals with the theory and fabrication of a new frequency meter, which is used for the measurement of frequency in the range from a few hertz to 100 kHz. It is a frequency-selective bridge and is made of discrete passive R and C components and an integrated operational amplifier. At bridge balance, the frequency under measurement is given in terms of the values of resistors and capacitors only. Advantages, limitations, and sources of errors of the frequency meter are discussed. The theory is experimentally verified.


Grape and wine industry has developed rapidly in Yunnan province recently,and has a certain scale.The favorable conditions for the development of the grape and wine industry in Yunnan province was described,and its development status about main production area of grape and wine,its development and plan,multiple marketing channels and wine culture were introduced.Moreover,the further of grape and wine industry was prospected.


Objective:To analyze and evaluate the efficacy of reduning injection in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.Methods:The literatures about random-control clinical trials on reduning injection in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections were retrieved through Wangfang Database and CHKI from 1998 to 6,2009,the methodological quality of inclusive trials were assessed by Jadad scale,and a meta-analysis of the literatures was conducted by Rev-Man 4.2 software.The treatment of clinical evaluation indicators included total efficiency,duration of eliminative fever heat and sore throat.Results:11 RCT were included.The synthesized efficacies of reduning injection total efficiency were OR= 5.10,95%CI=3.07,7.14(P0.00001);children groups' total efficiencies were OR=4.25,95%CI=2.68,6.73 (P0.00001);duration of the eliminative fever heat was WMD = -0.78,95%,CI = -0.86,-0.69(P0.00001); and duration of the eliminative sore throat was WMD = - 1.01,95%CI = -1.10,-0.91(P0.00001).Conclusion: The analaysis initially proved that reduning injection had its positive efficacy on upper respiratory tract infections.But because of the limited and low quality literatures and published bias,the above conclusion needs its further study.


The paper presents the activities performed by the authors in order to develop and validate an experimental set-up for measurements of damping characteristics of typical materials employed within aeronautical and industrial field for passive vibrations reduction. These activities have been carried out within the research program funded by the European Commission named "F.A.C.E." (Friendly Aircraft Cabin Environment). The set-up has been designed to operate through a PC-based acquisition system developed in LABVIEW programming environment. The development of the experimental damping measurement set-up is based on the principle of the "Oberst beam", and it has been improved to allow the implementation of different approaches with "contacting" sensors and actuators. The influence of the damping on the stability and reliability of the results will be investigated, by evaluating the effect of the beam thickness to the applied damping thickness ratio. The results will be presented for some damping treatments like "constrained layers" as far as for rubbery materials commonly employed within the aeronautical field. These activities are aimed to the implementation of a better damping modelisation of a typical finite element model of light structures.


Technologies and assays based on fluorescence give us the possibility to investigate the systems of interest from different aspects with unprecedented precision and high sampling rate. This has in turn led to the adoption of a "systems" approach in our research with an increasing trend towards study of entire GPCR signaling pathways: ligand binding, receptor interaction with G-protein, G-protein dissociation and the role of individual subunits, properties of adenylatecyclase in conversion of ATP into cAMP, cAMP production and its role in protein expression, etc. However, this approach also led to an explosive increase of raw data. To integrate data from multiple measurable signals into meaningful actionable knowledge that can yield real insight into studied processes, we use multivariable global data analysis combining various fluorescence readouts (intensity and anisotropy based).


Abstract : Continuous fiber ceramic composites show promise for applications in high-temperature oxidizing environments, but their actual use has been limited in part due to unstable non-oxide-based constituents or from inadequate oxide-based ones. A porous mullite/alumina matrix combined with alumina/mullite fiber reinforcement eliminates the need for an interface coating while producing a strong, tough and oxidation resistant composite. In this study, a fiber-matrix prepreg was produced by infiltrating Nextel 720 cloth with a filter-pressed mullite/alumina slurry through a VibroIntrusion process. This prepreg was used to fabricate thin-walled tubes, which were then pressure burst tested to failure. Post-test evaluation of the tubes and a finite element analysis show that the tubes failed from excessive interlaminar shear stresses. The implications of these results and the utility of the fabrication method used in this study are discussed.


Medical History is embarking on an exciting new journey. Thanks to the Wellcome Trust, the ownership of this journal has passed to Cambridge University Press. The Press is committed to running the publication as its flagship journal in the history of medicine, related sciences and health, and is keen to offer authors full flexibility when it comes to publishing and archiving their articles. Medical History's editorial office has moved to the Centre for Global Health Histories at the University of York, which is housed within its Department of History; the Centre and Department are honoured to be associated to this world-leading journal.


An artificial compressibility method characterized by the pressure-based algorithm is developed on a nonorthogonal collocated grid for incompressible fluid flow problems, using a cell-centered finite-volume approximation. Unlike the traditional pseudo-compressibility concept, the continuity constraint is perturbed by the material derivative of pressure, the physical relevance of which is to invoke matrix preconditionings. The approach provokes density perturbations, assisting the transformation between primitive and conservative variables. To account for the flow directionality in the upwinding, a rotational matrix is introduced to evaluate the convective flux. A rational means of reducing excessive numerical dissipation inherent in the pressure–velocity coupling is contrived which has the expedience of greater flexibility and increased accuracy in a way similar to the MUSCL approach. Numerical experiments in reference to a few laminar flows demonstrate that the overall artifacts expedite enhanced robustness and anticipated oscillation damping properties adhering to the factored pseudo-time integration procedure.


In the BDI paradigm, much attention was devoted to beliefs, intentions, choice and commitment, whereas desire has traditionally been seen as given. However, desire is the key connection to the agents' creator, and the ultimate source of behaviour. Desires are allowed to be incoherent, irrational, or at least a-rational. Agent environments establish a motivational context for agents to act upon. Agent societies are never truly autonomous. We argue that pre-designed utility-based behaviour search strategies not only hinder the adaptability of an agent but also prevent the emergence of novel social behaviour. In this paper, we propose a new model of desire acquisition and evolution. Agents continuously adapt their desires by means of both their intrinsic motivations, as well as a mimetic mechanism inspired in Rene' Girard's theory. Agents acquire new goals not through fitness or novelty but out of mechanisms such as envy, imitation and competition. To achieve their goals, agents have to sometimes discard them and just overcome their neighbours.


Internet technologies such as web 2.0 while not designed especially for pedagogical aims. This new wave of internet technologies, sometimes mentioned as the "read/write web", prepare online people with interactive services. Web 2.0 applications have many affordances that can make them practical in pedagogical settings. This article has two goals. First is to explain the benefits of the web 2.0 technologies, for example blogs, wikis, social networks, social bookmarking especially for teaching and learning purposes in higher education. The second goal of this article is to illustrate models and theories of behavior about acceptance and adoption of an innovation of web 2.0 as internet technologies. Therefore, the recognition of potential web 2.0 tools and user's attitude and behavior to accept these technologies, it is essential to consider of both potentialweb 2.0 tools and models and theories acceptance are underlined.


An (n, r)-arc in PG(2, q) is a set B of points in PG(2, q) such that each line in PG(2, q) contains at most r elements of B and such that there is at least one line containing exactly r elements of B. The value mr(2, q) denotes the maximal number n of points in the projective geometry PG(2, q) for which an (n, r)-arc exists. By explicitly constructing (n, r)-arcs using prescribed automorphisms and integer linear programming we obtain some improved lower bounds for mr(2, q): m10(2, 16) ≥ 144, m3(2, 25) ≥ 39, m18(2, 25) ≥ 418, m9(2, 27) ≥ 201, m14(2, 29) ≥ 364, m25(2, 29) ≥ 697, m25(2, 31) ≥ 734. Furthermore, we show by systematically excluding possible automorphisms that putative (44, 5)-arcs, (90, 9)-arcs in PG(2, 11), and (39, 4)-arcs in PG(2, 13)—in case of their existence—are rigid, i.e. they all would only admit the trivial automorphism group of order 1. In addition, putative (50, 5)-arcs, (65, 6)-arcs, (119, 10)-arcs, (133, 11)-arcs, and (146, 12)-arcs in PG(2, 13) would be rigid or would admit a unique automorphism group (up to conjugation) of order 2.


Magnetostrictive actuators invariably exhibit hysteresis nonlinearities that tend to become significant under high rates of inputs, and could cause oscillations and error in the micro-positioning tasks. This study presents a methodology for compensation of hysteresis nonlinearity in a magnetostrictive actuator subject to a wide range of input rates in an open-loop manner. The hysteresis compensation is attained through application of an inverse rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model formulated on the basis of the rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis model and laboratory-measured hysteresis properties of the magnetostrictive actuator under inputs at frequencies up to 200 Hz. The effectiveness of the inverse rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model compensator for mitigating the major and minor loop hysteresis nonlinearities is demonstrated through simulation results and hardware-in-the-loop laboratory measurements of a magnetostrictive actuator (stroke ±50 μm) under inputs in the 1–200 Hz frequency range. Both the simulation and experimental results revealed reduction of peak hysteresis from 4.7 to 0.645 μm, when the proposed inverse rate-dependent model is applied as a feedforward hysteresis compensator, which occurred under excitations at the lowest frequency of 1 Hz. The results suggest that the inverse Prandtl–Ishlinskii model could provide hysteresis compensation under different rates of inputs in a simple and effective manner.


An atherosclerotic layer lipidic cap the endothelium. According to their morphology, atherosclerotic lesions can be classified as 'stable' or 'vulnerable'. Stable plaques consist of a great amount of smooth-muscle cells and collagens with a small lipidic pool; this homogeneous fibrous structure protects the plaque surface from disruption, reducing the risk of thrombosis. Vulnerable plaque presents a thin fibrous cap while the core is composed extracellular lipidis and Abstract Stroke is the third leading cause of death and permanent disability in the US and Europe. During the last decade, carotid artery stenting (CAS) has gained a role as an alternative option to carotid endoarterectomy (CEA). Both patient selection and plaque morphology are crucial to reduce the risk of complications. Technical aspects such as the employment and selection of different types of cerebral protection devices, distal occlusion balloons, filters, proximal protection systems and stent selection will be widely discussed.


Internationalization of curriculum is an integral part of the internationalization of higher education institutes(HEIs),and also the internal demand of internationalization of universities of finance and economics(UFE).UFE should bring curriculum internationalization into universities' overall strategic planning of internationalization;gradually construct a highly qualified faculty team with international vision;progressively built a rational international curricular system;establish an efficient administrative organization;develop an effective implementing mechanism.


Dissertation paper for candidate's degree in the speciality 09.00.04 – philosophical anthropology, philosophy of culture. – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2012.
The dissertation paper presents a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the city as a world of human existence. It reveals cultural and ontological features of space and time in which human practices are actualized. The research shows in detail the dialectics of a human body and the city, where the principle of complement plays a sociocultural role. At the same time, the phenomenon of human corporeality in the urban environment is analyzed. Namely, such modes as the body of a citizen, a flaneur, a tourist and a crowd were determined. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of everyday life in the city, which not only acts as an invisible space of human existence, but also takes place as an specail environment of generating the urban behavior and, as a result, the model of a city dweller. The cultural peculiarities of the world-view were considered in the context of human openness to the world, urban anxiety and experience of the city. The study argues that the phenomenon of urban identity is a project of human existence, which is based on the image of the urban dweller while the organization of the city world.


The present invention relates to one kind of transition segment under moderated reactor core, the control rods are connected in sequence following the upper rod beryllium transition section and the control rods, control rod guide tubes outside the control rods, control rod for the control rod hole beryllium, rods a length of 0 ~ 10cm. Beryllium, beryllium grid element through rod hole, the inner wall of the control rod is provided with holes beryllium inner cladding, the outer wall of the outer cladding; beryllium aluminum tube outer holes of the control rod; the control rod within the bore beryllium Detacher provided; filled with a lock between the inner sheath is filled with water between the aluminum tube and the outer cladding water. A control rod of the present invention will be canceled or cut short transition segment increased neutron absorption capacity of the absorbent body. The present invention is mounted in the same amount of uranium in reactivity can be improved initial, i.e., the core can be loaded into the test circuit further fuel assembly of the test piece and the test material is higher than the isotope production target member. The present invention can improve the fast thermal neutron fluence rate, the test time can be shortened and the isotope production cycle.


Objective: The present study was carried out for the preparation of modified Tamarindus indica seed gum as a natural superdisintegrant and assessed various parameters for preparing a fast disintegrating dosage form.
Methods: The extracted gum from tamarind seeds was chemically modified by the carboxymethylation method. Then, calcium complexation of carboxymethyled tamarind seed gum was done. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by the direct compression method. The change in the functional groups of the extracted gum, Carboxymethyl tamarind seed gum, and the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. DSC studies of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed alterations in the melting point without undergoing any modification.
Results: The pre-formulation studies such as physical appearance, swelling index, and viscosity of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum were characterized. From the studies, it was concluded that modified Tamarind seed gum was acidic and hydrophilic. The pH of the extracted tamarind seed gum was found to be 5.4. The fast disintegrating tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, thickness, and in-vitro dissolution study. In the present study, the disintegration time of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum-containing tablets was compared with the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium as a synthetic superdisintegrant. The F5 formulation of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed a disintegration time of 37±2 s whereas the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium showed a disintegration time of 48±2 s.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that a fast disintegrating tablet prepared using calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum improves the disintegration time of the tablet.


This study aimed to develop a product of picture story teaching materials containing religious values. The aim is to determine the validity and practicality. The existing problems are the lack of available learning resources in schools, teaching materials in schools are not fully available, student achievement is still low. This study uses the ADDIE development model, the stages are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. the results of the validation of 3 validators obtained an average result of 0.875 with the category "High validation". (2) The practicality of picture story teaching materials containing religious values obtained an average percentage of 95.5% in the "very feasible" category from the teacher's response and student responses obtained a percentage of 93.3% with the "very feasible" category. Based on these results, illustrated story teaching materials containing religious values can be said to be valid and practical to improve the learning achievement of 1st-grade elementary school students.


This paper presents an equivalent-input-disturbance (EID)-based sliding mode control (SMC) method for DC-DC converter system with both matched and mismatched disturbances. The SMC method restricts the states of the system to a designed sliding hyperplane and can easily reject matched disturbances, while the EID approach has two-degree-of-freedom control structure and can reject both the matched and mismatched disturbances. Since the SMC method and EID approach reject disturbances with different mechanisms and neither of them can reject disturbances completely, they are applied jointly without conflict to the design of DC-DC converter system, and thus to improve the disturbance rejection performance of the system. Design procedure for the system is provided. Simulation results explain the design procedure of the system and demonstrate the validity of the method.


Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger (α‐1,4 and 1,6 glucan glucohydrolase, EC 220.127.116.11) was immobilized through adsorption onto a hexyl–Sepharose, containing 0.51 mol hexyl‐group per mole of galactose.


It will be the argument of this essay that the final proof of the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo is vitiated by Plato's faüure to make a subtle distinction which turns out to be of cnicial importance for some of the main themes of his metaphysics. Plato's apparent mistake in this argument involves an ambiguity which pervades his System and helps to account for some difficulties he comes to see in it. It is not true, then, that Plato's problem is simply a failure to distinguish with sufficient care between things and immanent Forms, or between causality and entaihnent. But understanding the argument does require understandüig both of these distinctions; so we begin with them. Things and immanent Forms constitute the bottom two levels of the three-level ontology peculiar to the Phaedo. The latter have been called characters, qualities, and ta en hemin. That they have some sort of Status independent of the familiär transcendent Ideas of the dialogues of the middle period is clearest at 102 d, where "Bigness in itself" is contrasted with "bigness in us," and 103 b, where "the Opposite in nature" is contrasted with "the opposite in us." Nowhere in the dialogue does Socrates distinguish these two sorts of Form any less casually, nor does he further specify the Status of characters, perhaps because he regards them äs perfectly ordinary pieces of furniture which do not demand special explanation. The characters are not mentioned again until P arm. 130b, where Similarity itself and the similarity we possess are contrasted without a hint that there is anything obscure or interesting about the latter. But perhaps their unobtrusive reappearance in the Parmenides after a long absence indicates that Plato, far from taking them for granted, regards them äs a source of trouble. It seems safe to conclude for certain only that when a thing participates in a Form, it has the corresponding immanent character in it. So if a thing participates in Hot, it has the hot in it — or perhaps we could say that it has heat in it, since both the adjective and the noun can designate the character äs they do the Form.


Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani is incriminated as vectors of leishmaniasis (ACL)
associated with the transmission of two leishmania dermotropic: Leishmania (Viannia)
braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) shawi. However, in addition to proven
competence to transmit two parasites, differences in behavior between
geographically distinct populations have suggested that this would not be a single
species but a complex of cryptic species. The secure identification of these
populations is of fundamental importance to the eco-epidemiological studies of LTA,
allowing for better understanding of transmission cycles, since this species occurs in
most Brazilian states. In this study we evaluated the genetic variability of populations
L. (N.) whitmani coming Buriticupu (MA) transmission area of Le. (V.) shawi and Le.
(V.) braziliensis, Paragominas (PA), transmission of Le. (V.) shawi, and Ilheus (BA),
type locality, and Meruoca (CE), transmission area of Le. (V.) braziliensis. From the
analysis by RAPD-PCR and sequencing of the cytochrome b gene it was possible to
observe three clusters, where the specimens Buriticupu and Paragominas comprise
the same group, from Ilheus formed a second group and from Meruoca of the third.
The analysis shows a high degree of differentiation and suggests that the three
groups may represent different cryptic species "whitmani complex".


A high cholesterol diet notably impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in aortas from hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats but not from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (Clip. Exp. Pharmcol. Physiol., 22, S251, 1995; Eur. J. Pharmacol., 297, 71, 1996). In the present study, we examined whether high salt intake per se would cause dysfunction of vascular reactivity in the hypertensive event. Male 4-week-old SHR (SHR/Izm) (Disease Model Cooperative Research Association, Kyoto, Japan) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% NaCl (control group, n=6) or 6% NaCl (NaCl group, n=6), or a high (1.5%) cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.3% NaCl (CHOL group, n=6) or 6% NaCl (NaCl+CHOL group, n=6) for 8 weeks. The blood pressure significantly increased in the NaCl group but not in the NaCl+CHOL group, compared to that in the control group. Under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (50mg/kg, i.p.), aortas and bilateral renal arteries were removed and ring segments (3mm long each) were prepared. Each ring was fixed vertically under a resting tension of 1.0g in the aorta and 0.3mg in the renal artery in a 5-ml organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The isometric tension change was recorded with a force-displacement transducer. The rings were precontracted with noradrenaline (10-6M), then ACh or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was cumulatively added to the bath. In aortic rings, ACh induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in a concentrationrelated manner, but there was no significant difference in the relaxing response among the four groups. In renal arterial rings, ACh induced endothelium-dependent relaxations at the lower concentrations (10-10M-10-7M) and endothelium-dependent contractions at the high concentrations (10-7M-10-5M). The contractile response was abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin (IND, 10-5M, 15min), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and ONO-3708 (10-6 M, 20min), a PGH2/TXA2 receptor antagonist, but not OKY-046 (10-5M, 20min), a TXA2 synthase inhibitor. The relaxing response in the presence of IND was partially inhibited by


The kinetics of the emulsion polymerization of styrene are developed on the basis of the Harkins' theory of reaction loci. Only that portion of the reaction is considered in which essentially no polymer nuclei are formed. Agreement is obtained between experiment and theory when the reaction in the monomer-polymer particle is considered three-halves order with respect to monomer. This treatment is further substantiated by the fact that the concentration of monomer in the polymer, when a separate monomer phase exists, is correctly predicted by the kinetic theory. The activation energy for the polymerization of styrene in the monomer-polymer particle is calculated as 22,600 calories per mole. A dilatometer for the precise determination of monomer conversion rates in emulsion polymerization is described.


This study explores how bribery affects firm growth by focusing on the asymmetric dependence of firms on government resources and services. We conceptualize bribery as relationships through which bribery requests require firms to frequently interact with rent-seeking government officials. Through bribery relationships, such officials extort firms beyond the exchange of bribe money for preferential treatment, depriving acquiescing firms of time and effort and thereby imposing hidden costs that could be otherwise used for firm growth. We find that bribery relationships damage firm growth. Firm status such as introducing new products or not affects how rent-seeking government officials check on firms and calculate their extortion schemes in bribery relationships; bribery relationships damage firm growth more significantly for firms without new products. The damage of bribery relationships to firm growth is also contingent on institutional environments. Under pervasive corruption, firms in bribery relationships may increase their acquiescence to the extortion of rent-seeking government officials. In countries with high-quality governance, however, firms can depend on sound regulations and rules of law and government officials experience high moral costs of corruption. Thus, the negative effect of the bribery relationship on firm growth will be strengthened under pervasive corruption and weakened under high-quality governance. Using Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey and World Governance Indicators data for 28 Eastern European countries from 2002–2014, we demonstrate the multifaceted features of the bribery relationship and its interaction with country-level institutional environments.


Summary form only given. Magnetic domain structures on a nanometer length scale are a major issue both from a fundamental physics point of view and in a technologically relevant context. Many powerful imaging techniques have been established so far. The outstanding challenge is a spatio-temporal imaging of the switching behavior of the magnetic domain structure as this both determines the technological functionality. The systems of interest are thin single and multicomponent multilayered magnetic films, often laterally patterned micro- and nanostructures. In this talk we shall review the recent progress of magnetic soft X-ray microscopy and we shall give an outlook to future potential applications.


The present paper attempts to investigate the prediction of air entrainment rate and aeration efficiency of a free overfall jets issuing from a triangular sharp crested weir by using regression based modelling. The empirical equations, Support vector machine (polynomial and radial basis function) models and the linear regression techniques were applied on the triangular sharp crested weirs relating the air entrainment rate and the aeration efficiency to the input parameters namely drop height, discharge, and vertex angle. It was observed that there exists a good agreement between the measured values and the values obtained using empirical equations, Support vector machine (Polynomial and rbf) models and the linear regression techniques. The test results demonstrated that the SVM based (Poly & rbf) model also provided acceptable prediction of the measured values with reasonable accuracy along with empirical equations and linear regression techniques in modelling the air entrainment rate and the aeration efficiency of a free overfall jets issuing from triangular sharp crested weir. Further sensitivity analysis has also been performed to study the impact of input parameter on the output in terms of air entrainment rate and aeration efficiency. Keywords—Air entrainment rate, dissolved oxygen, regression, SVM, weir.


We are interested in the independence number of large random simply generated trees and related parameters, such as their matching number or the kernel dimension of their adjacency matrix. We express these quantities using a canonical tricolouration, which is a way to colour the vertices of a tree with three colours. As an application we obtain limit theorems in L p for the renormalised independence number in large simply generated trees (including large size-conditioned Bienaymé-Galton-Watson trees). 2012 ACM Subject Classification Mathematics of computing → Random graphs Acknowledgements I am grateful to Igor Kortchemski for his careful reading of the manuscript and for telling me Frederic Chapoton's suggestion to consider canonical tricolourations of random trees. I am also grateful to the anonymous referees and their useful remarks.


: Esophageal duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations, although most cases are diagnosed in childhood, in adult patients the disease is often symptomatic and requires invasive treatment. This kind of cyst can be found during endoscopy or Chest-X-Ray, but elective investigations consist in chest computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), if necessary, together with gastroscopy performed with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The therapeutic alternatives currently available are the surgical or endoscopic approach. In the past surgery was performed in thoracotomy, but several authors have reported cases treated with a minimally invasive approach with excellent short-term and long-term results. We present a case report of a 59-year-old Caucasian woman, affected by esophageal duplication cyst, and treated in 2003 with surgical fenestration in right triportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with complete regression of symptoms and resumption of normal nutrition. The cyst recurred in 2019 and the patient underwent further surgery with removal of the cyst in the right uniportal VATS. Postoperative course was regular, the symptoms disappeared, and no complications occurred. During follow-up, chest CT scan showed a complete pathological resolution without cystic recurrence. Currently, many authors agree that the minimally invasive surgical approach is the treatment of choice for esophageal duplication cysts. Our case report shows that VATS is efficient and safe even in treatment of surgical recurrences.


A prominent problem in China's economic and social development is the continuous widening of urban-rural income gap. In addition to making value judgments, more importantly, we should figure out the causes of this gap. This article discusses the latent relationship among real exchange rate, trade dependence and the urban-rural income gap based on the SVAR model. The results show:①The real exchange rate in the 5% level of significance is the significant factor that could affect the trade dependence ratio and changes in the urban-rural income gap.②The impulse of real exchange rate in one or two years could explain about 50% changes in the trade openness. The accumulated negative responses can be transformed into positive ones in a long run. ③ The multiple graphs of impulse of the urban-rural income gap to the trade openness will be W-type. The cumulative effects would exacerbate the urban-rural income gap.④The multiple graphs of impulse of the real exchange to the urban-rural income gap will be M-type. Although, the real exchange rate can only explain 8% of the changes in the income gap, the cumulative transfer rate will continue to rise from the seventh quarter.


The cavity zone along riverside is expected to produce native habitats of various ecosystems and water-friendly environment. However, effects of side cavities on flow resistance and turbulent flow structures are ambiguous. In this paper, Effects of aspect ratio of side cavity on open-channel flow with permeable and impermeable side cavities were examined experimentally. Velocity fluctuations were measured by using a particle-image-velocimetry (PIV). We revealed the flow resistance could be explained by the difference of mass exchange and momentum transport through the interaction between the side cavity and main flow region.


A recent study of skipping behaviour on music streaming platforms has shown that the skip profile for a given song -- i.e. the measure of the skipping rate as a function of the time in the song -- can be seen as some intrinsic characteristic of the song, in the sense that it is both very specific and highly stable over time and geographical regions. In this paper, we take this analysis one step further by introducing a simple model of skip behaviours, in which the skip profile for a given song is viewed as the response to a small number of events that happen within it. In particular, it allows us to identify accurately the timing of the events that trigger skip responses, as well as the fraction of users who skip following each these events. Strikingly, the responses triggered by individual events appears to follow a temporal profile that is consistent across songs, genres, devices and listening contexts, suggesting that people react to musical surprises in a universal way.


Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were and still remain the main means for arresting acute and controlling chronic pains in therapeutic practice. However, serious complications that may be caused by these drugs essentially limit their application. Therapists need distinct and reasonable guidelines on NSAID prescription depending on presence of a comorbid pathology and risk factors associated with the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. World renowned experts have been actively studying this problem. The main aspects of NSAID efficiency and safety are discussed in this study; the risk factors are ranked according to their significance; and an algorithm of reasonable drug prescription, including prevention of potential complications, is proposed.


Hardware-Assisted Malware Detection (HMD) techniques deploy Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to detect patterns of malicious applications based on microarchitectural features captured by modern microprocessors' Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs). Existing HMD methods have limited their analysis on detecting malicious applications that are spawned as a separate thread during application execution, hence detecting embedded malware patterns at run-time still remains an important challenge. Embedded malware refers to harmful stealthy cyber attacks in which the malicious code is hidden within benign applications and remains undetected by traditional malware detection approaches. In HMD methods, when the HPC data is directly fed into a machine learning classifier, embedding malicious code inside the benign applications leads to contamination of HPC information, as the collected HPC features combine benign and malware microarchitectural events together. To address this challenge, in this paper we propose StealthMiner, a specialized time series machine learning approach to accurately detect embedded malware at run-time using branch instructions feature, the most prominent microarchitectural feature. The results indicate that StealthMiner can detect embedded malware at run-time with 94% detection performance on average with only one HPC feature, outperforming the detection performance of state-of-the-art HMD methods by 42%.


Vol. XLV (December 2008), 741–756 741 © 2008, American Marketing Association ISSN: 0022-2437 (print), 1547-7193 (electronic) *Chi Kin (Bennett) Yim is Professor of Marketing (e-mail: yim@ business.hku.hk), and David K. Tse is Chair Professor of International Marketing (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com), School of Business, University of Hong Kong. Kimmy Wa Chan is Assistant Professor of Marketing, Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).This research was funded by a Hong Kong SAR RGC research grant awarded to the first two authors. Ruth Bolton and Jeffrey Inman served as associate editors for this article. CHI KIN (BENNETT) YIM, DAVID K. TSE, and KIMMY WA CHAN*


This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of coercive strategies on deviant workplace behavior (DWB) by modeling different topics and constructs concerning organizational normative, control and punishment. The mo- del suggested stresses the performance of the scarcely empirically studied anomie, in eliciting DWB, both targeting (directly and/or indirectly) at organizations (DWBO) and individuals (DWBI). That model also suggests that percep- tions of normative legitimacy and harmony affect anomie (amorality) and, in turn, antecedes DWB jointly with control and fear of punishment (which they are also expected be associated among them). Data were collected of 154 non- teaching employees of a Spanish university. Multiple Regressions reveals an influence of normative harmony and anomie, on DWB. Anomie also mediates the association between legitimacy and DWB. Finally, fear of punishment elicits DWB, and specially DWBO Internet. Results made the use of coercive strategies against DWB inadvisable. In contrast, results advise an official normative in harmony with informal procedures and rules, in the work groups. They also advise the establishment of a well value grounded, clear, and agreed normative, to be able in diluting anomie.


In order to discuss the reaueing theory of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND),with the sequence batch reactor(SBR),the dissolved oxygen(DO) and the floc size distribution were investigated for sewage wastewater.It is found that the SND can be attained in SBR process by nitrogen mass balance calculation with low DO(mean value 0.5 mg/L-0.8 mg/L).Around 23.11% nitrogen in total nitrogen is removed by SND.The ratio of nitrate formation and ammonia decay is at 0.454 with the DO concentration at 0.5 mg/L.Meanwhile,the velocity of nitrification and denitrification is equal.And the SND couldn't occur when the ratio of nitrate formation and ammonia decay is equal with DO at 4.296 mg/L.The mean floc size distribution of sludge is at the range of 5.02 μm ~6 μm,that is,the SND is not the results of "micro environment action" when SND occurs.


Face recognition is of pronounced significance to real-world applications such as video surveillance systems, human computing interaction, and security systems. This biometric authenticating system encompasses rich real human face characteristics. As such, it has been one of the important research topics in computer vision. Face recognition systems based on deep learning approaches suffer from internal covariate shift problems that cause gradients to explode or gradient disappearance, which leads to improper network training. Improper network training causes network overfitting and computational load. This reduces recognition accuracy and slows down network speed. This paper proposes a modified preactivation batch normalization convolutional neural network by adding a batch normalization layer after each convolutional layer within each of the four convolutional units of the proposed model. The performance of the proposed model is validated with a new dataset, AS-Darmaset, which is built out of two publicly available databases. This paper compared the convergence behavior of four different CNN models: the Pre-activation Batch Normalization CNN model, the Traditional CNN without Batch Normalization, the Post-Activation Batch Normalization CNN model, and the Sparse Batch Normalization CNN Architecture. The evaluation results show that the recognition performance of Pre-activation BN CNN has training and validation accuracies of 100.00% and 99.87%, the Post activation Batch normalization has 100.00% and 99.81%, and the traditional CNN without BN has 96.50% and 98.93%. The sparse batch normalization CNN has 96.25% and 97.60% success rate, respectively. The result shows that the Pre-activation BN CNN model is more effective than the other three deep learning models. Keywords—Face recognition; pre-active batch normalization; convolutional neural network


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to give an overview of linked data, and to look at some of the possibilities for leveraging linked data in library discovery systems.Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores linked data methodology, and the benefits of using linked data as a discovery mechanism. It briefly touches on the possibilities of using linked data within research.Findings – It is important for libraries to build in mechanisms for exposing data that are being archived and preserved digitally. This will help libraries to participate in the semantic web both by enriching one's own data exposure mechanisms as linked data, and by providing means for patrons to take advantage of the growing volume of linked data available on the internet.Originality/value – The paper explores the basic principles of using linked data, and compares and contrasts that with traditional web browsing using HTML pages. It also touches on the ways in which linked data can help researchers to gain access to data that ...


Background  Noninvasive methods are needed to improve the diagnosis of enteric neuropathies. Full‐field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) is a novel optical microscopy modality that can acquire 1 μm resolution images of tissue. The objective of this research was to demonstrate FFOCM imaging for the characterization of the enteric nervous system (ENS).


We establish Ambrosetti--Prodi type results for nonlinear Dirichlet problems for the fractional Laplace operator. In the choice of nonlinearities we consider semi-linear and super-linear growth cases separately. Our techniques use a combination of analytic and probabilistic tools.


This article talks about the writing skills of Japarkul Alybaev and his satirical stories. Also, the artistic power of the writer᾿s satirical stories, the problems raised in them, and their solutions are analyzed, and these are confirmed by the opinions of critics.


Systemic features use linguisticallyderived language models as a basis for text classification. The graph structure of these models allows for feature representations not available with traditional bag-of-words approaches. This paper explores the set of possible representations, and proposes feature selection methods that aim to produce the most compact and effective set of attributes for a given classification problem. We show that small sets of systemic features can outperform larger sets of wordbased features in the task of identifying financial scam documents.


Advancements in technology are shifting the ways that biomedical data are collected, managed, and used. The pervasiveness of connected devices is expanding the types of information that are defined as 'health data.' Additionally, cloud-based mechanisms for data collection and distribution are shifting biomedical research away from traditional infrastructure towards a more distributed and interconnected ecosystem. This shift provides an opportunity for us to reimagine the roles of scientists and participants in health research, with the potential to more meaningfully engage in partnership across the research process. At the same time, these emerging practices present a potential to expose research participants to unanticipated and unintended consequences. Social norms and policy can help to mitigate these risks, but their development is often slow relative to the pace of technological advances and, as such, they can become reactive rather than prospective. As an alternative, the integrated development of data governance structures within technological advancements, supports their effective implementation, evaluation and evolution in a manner that can balance the benefits and risks of biomedical researcher in a decentralized ecosystem.


AbstractBefore the Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus stock in the southeastern U.S. Atlantic was formally assessed, recreational harvest was permitted year-round. However, in 2010, all sectors of the fishery were closed to immediately end overfishing. In recent years, the recreational fishery for Red Snapper in the region has been managed with a substantially reduced catch limit and an annual harvest season ranging from 0 to 8 d. To obtain a precise estimate of recreational harvest over this reduced time scale, a new creel survey method was developed in Florida, where the majority of Red Snapper landings in the region occur. The fishery was intensely monitored during the short sample window when the harvest season was open, and the survey design took advantage of choke points at ocean inlets that restrict recreational boat access to offshore fishing grounds. Landings estimates from this specialized survey were more precise than the general survey that has historically been used in the region to monitor sal...


Background/Objectives: The objective of the present work is to investigate the effects of the thermophoresis and the fluid viscosity on a forced convection heat and mass transfer on non-similar flow past a permeable wedge embedded in a porous medium. Methods of Analysis: The analysis is conducted by using a local non-similarity scheme of the second level truncation in the presence of thermophoresis and variable viscosity. The governing equations of the non-similar convection are presented in the dimensionless form by applying Falkner-Skan variable to obtain the set of ordinary differential equations. Runge-Kutta-Gill in conjunction with shooting method is applied to find a skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer. The initial value problems are solved numerically using Runge Kutta-Fehlberg methods and presented graphically. Findings: The thermophoresis has significant effect to speed up the process for decreasing concentration significantly, while the effects of viscosity is to increase or decrease the velocity of fluid depend on the value of viscosity parameter, positive or negative, respectively. Validation is conducted by comparing the current works with previous works and found that the results are in excellent agreement. The conclusion is drawn that the non-similar velocity and the concentration of fluid are significantly affected by thermophoresis and viscosity. Application/Improvements: The results of an analysis on the effects of thermophoresis and viscosity on boundary layer flow over solid surfaces can be applied to design an instrument to remove pollutants from environment


Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common eye disease with a progressive course even when the intraocular pressure, the main factor of progression of this disease, is compensated a large percentage of patients with glaucoma have deterioration in visual function. Forecast of changing of visual functions in POAG that are the most important component of patient's quality of life is a critical task. Method for the prediction of visual functions changes depending on the stage of the disease in patients with POAG who achieved "target" intraocular pressure was developed on the basis of the dynamic observation for one year 150 patients with POAG using discriminant analysis. Observation included a comprehensive assessment of central and peripheral vision, eye and orbital hemodynamics, parameters of general hemodynamic, state of the system "lipid peroxidation antioxidant protection", lipid profile and the affective-cognitive status of patient. The method presented in the article allows predicting a deterioration or stable state of the eye functions in POAG-patients with high (over 90 %) specificity.


The business environment and management of the Central and Eastern countries has been continuously under the crucial changes since 1989. All countries within the CEE region started the integration into global world economy with the impact on the rapidly transforming mosaic of new managerial experiences and behavior which has been changed over the time and varied from firm to firm in all countries. The aim of the paper is to describe the cultures in transition process focusing on the new managerial experience in the historical and comparative contexts. The management of the CEE region entered the multicultural environment where the new skills were developed mainly in the area of international marketing, competing in the global business, cooperating in the international projects and teams and face the new challenges of the continuously learning process.


Information technology and the growing and sophisticated should be balanced according to need. Therefore, the authors designed a Software Search File With Binary Search method. Many methods in the search with the aim of facilitating the search in the future, such as searching file with binary search method and improve Wildcard Character..


We assessed left ventricular (LV) function in cardiac amyloid using computer-assisted analisis of M-mode echocardiograms from 20 patients with biopsy-proved amyloid and compared them with similar data from 20 normal subjects. Patients with cardiac amyloid had a consistent and characteristic set of quantitative echocardiographic findings: (1) LV cavitv size was normal or small. (2) The peak rate of diastolic cavity filling was decreased (p < 0.01). (3) Isovolumic relaxation was prolonged (p < 0.01). (4) Fractional shortening and peak Vcf were decreased (p < 0.01). (5) Peak rates of both systolic thickening and diastolic thinning of the septum and posterior LV wall were decreased (p < 0.01). LV function in patients with cardiac amyloid was compared with that in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries, who were used as a model of similar wall thickness and cavitx size. There was significantly greater impairment of regional and global LV function in amyloid, that is, more than could be accounted for by increased wall thickness alone, indicating that the further abnormalities of LV function were caused by an intramyocardial restriction secondary to amyloid deposition per se. LV function was also compared in amyloid and in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomvopathv, as these two groups of patients may be confused both clinically and echocardiographically. The technique we used differentiated between these two disorders in terms of cavity and regional LV dynamics when patients were considered as a group, but with less certaintv when patients were considered individuallv due to overlap between the two groups. The severity and consistency of the echocardiographic abnormalities in cardiac amyloid are of value in establishing the diagnosis, which can be confirmed directlv bv tissue biopsv.


Abstract While working with Grothendieck's Quot-schemes and their virtual enumerative invariants, the author came across a combinatorial identity which would have followed as a consequence of a very general abstract machinery. We dedicate this short note to give a combinatorial proof of this identity which is closely related to the Lagrange inversion. A special case of the result was proved by Mathoverflow users "Alex Gavrilov" and "esg" answering our enquiry. In [2], we studied enumerative invariants of Grothendieck's Quot-schemes on surfaces. Along the way we encountered a new combinatorial identity. We concluded there that it would have followed as a consequence of comparing two computations of the same enumerative invariants using different methods: 1. One relying on the wall-crossing framework of Joyce [6] and the methods developed in [3, 2]. 2. The second one used by [1] relying on virtual localization and additional geometric arguments. The statement of the above mentioned identity is as follows: Theorem 1. Let R(t) ∈ KJtK be a power-series over a field K not involving q and Hi(q) the e > 0 different Newton–Puiseux solutions to H i (q) = qR (


It is necessary for every kind of language to be standardized. The language standards can't be separated from the application and the development of language. The general language standard is aimed at the spoken and written language used by the whole people. Some jargons used in a certain scope don't affect the norm of the commonly used language, so it is unnecessary to consider them. Nowadays some curious phenomena of language usage on internet belong to jargons in a certain degree, but they aren't totally the same as jargon. These curious words and expressions could become popular at any time. We must analyze those phenomena according to different cases. In today's advertisements there are some words and expressions that disregard the language standard such as changing idioms at random. These cases destroy the norm of the commonly used language intentionally and should be criticized by public opinions.


Abstract : The present research is centered around the experimental investigation of seven various shaped single roughness elements and their effects on turbulence quantities in a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer. The elements under scrutiny are as follows: cone, cone with spatial variations equal to the smallest sublayer structure length scale, cone with spatial variations equal to 2.5 times the smallest sublayer structure length scale, Gaussian-shaped element, hemisphere, cube aligned perpendicular to the flow (cube at 90 degrees), and a cube rotated 45 degrees relative to the flow.


1Amar Kankatti, BE IT, D Y Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 2Jayesh Raut, BE IT, D Y Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 3Jayesh Raut, BE IT, D Y Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 4Jayesh Raut, BE IT, D Y Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 5 Dr. Preeti Patil Assistant Professor, Dept. of IT, D Y Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Todays world the use of Social network increased a lot and hence, its influence of modelling and maximization seems to appear significant in various domains, such as ebusiness, marketing, and social computing. In current trends the most existing studies focus on how to increase positive social influence to promote product adoptions based on static network snapshots. This kind of approaches can only increase influence in a social network for shorter period of time, but cannot generate sustainable or long-term effects. In our project, we study on how to maintain long-term influence in a social network and propose an agent-based influence maintenance model, which can select influential nodes based on in current trends the status of dynamic social networks in multiple time throughout our project the overall context through our investigation, the experimental results indicate that multiple-time seed selection is very much of achievable and having more constant impact than that of one-shot selection. We claim that influence maintenance is very important and beneficial application, which made ever so, enhancing and assisting long-term goals in business development. Our newly implemented approach can automatically maintain long-lasting impact and achieve influence maintenance.