We report three epochs of VLBA water maser observations toward the radio jet Cepheus A HW2. The VLBA data show that some of the masers detected previously with the VLA unfold into unexpected and remarkable linear/arcuate "microstructures," revealing, in particular three filaments (R1, R2, R3) with length sizes ≃3-25 mas (2-18 AU) and unresolved in the perpendicular direction (≲0.1 AU), an arcuate structure (R4-A) of ≃20 mas size (15 AU), and a curved chain of masers (R5; which we have previously reported) of ≃100 mas size (≃72 AU). Some of these structures unfold into even smaller linear "building blocks" (down to scales of 0.4 AU) shaping the "larger" structures. The flattened appearance of these small pieces argues strongly for a shock nature. Both the morphology and the observed proper motions found in these water maser structures have allowed us to identify at least three different centers of star formation activity in a region of ≃300 mas (200 AU) projected radius, unknown previously, and that could constitute a triple star system. We suggest that R1, R2, and R3, which are located close to the HW2 radio jet but offset by ≃200 mas with respect to its axis, could originate at the shocked walls of an inner cavity excavated by the HW2 wind in the circumstellar molecular gas. The presence of a wide-angle wind associated with the central HW2 object is implied. We also propose that the arcuate structure R4-A corresponds to a bow-shock structure produced by the wind of an undetected protostar (which we predict to be located toward the southeast of R4-A, ≃200 mas south from HW2). Finally, the third energy source of this small region could be that one exciting the arc R5, which, as we have previously reported, is expanding and related to an unidentified protostar located ≃600 mas south of HW2. The flux density of the water masers of the R5 arc excited by this unknown protostar (~500 Jy) represents an important fraction (~50%) of the total flux density of the maser emission in the entire Cepheus A star-forming region, suggesting that the exciting object could be a high-mass star. Furthermore, we find that the center of the circle, which fit the R5 arc structure for each epoch, is moving with a velocity of ~6 km s-1. This could be caused by proper motions of the associated protostar because of relative orbital motions within the triple star system formed by HW2 and the energy sources of the R4-A and R5 structures.


Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) represents a real challenge for the researchers' community due to its complexity consisting in the plurality of resources that needs to be optimally used and the variety of goals that needs to be accomplished. This paper presents the implementation of three Evolutionary Algorithms (Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization) for the JSSP. The tests are made considered a set of classical benchmarks for the proposed problem and the obtained results are subject to comparison.


Statistics in Brief publications present descriptive data in tabular formats to provide useful information to a broad audience, including members of the general public. They address simple and topical issues and questions. They do not investigate more complex hypotheses, account for inter-relationships among variables, or support causal inferences. We encourage readers who are interested in more complex questions and in-depth analysis to explore other NCES resources, including publications, online data tools, and publicand restricted-use datasets. See nces.ed.gov and references noted in the body of this document for more information. This Statistics in Brief was prepared for the National Center for Education Statistics under Contract No. EDIES-12-C-0095 with RTI International. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. As of May 2013, total outstanding student loan debt in the United States had reached $1.2 trillion, up from $1 trillion fewer than 18 months before (Chopra 2013b). The growth in debt is due primarily to increases in both the rate of borrowing and the average amount borrowed, especially among graduates of 4-year institutions. 1


Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of various combinations of yeast-based direct fed microbials (DFM) in diets fed to nursery pigs weaned from sows fed lactation diets with or without yeast additives. In Exp. 1, 340 weaned pigs, initially 5.1 kg ± 0.02, were used to evaluate previous sow treatment (control vs yeast additives) and nursery diets with or without added yeast-based DFM on growth performance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of fecal Escherichia coli. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan, Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) and nursery treatment (control vs. yeast-based pre- and probiotic diet; 0.10% ActiSaf Sc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, and 0.05% NucleoSaf from d 0 to 7, then concentrations were decreased by 50% from d 7 to 24) with 5 pigs per pen and 17 replications per treatment. Progeny from sows fed yeast additives had increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 24 and d 0 to 45. However, pigs that were fed yeast additives for the first 24 d in the nursery tended to have decreased d 0 to 45 ADG (P = 0.079). Fecal E. coli isolated from pigs from the sows fed yeast group had increased (P = 0.034) resistance to nalidixic acid and a tendency for increased resistance to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.065) and gentamicin (P = 0.054). Yet, when yeast additives were added in the nursery there was reduced (P < 0.05) fecal E. coli resistance to azithromycin and chloramphenicol. In Exp. 2, 330 weaned pigs, initially 5.8 kg ± 0.03, were used to evaluate diets with two different combinations of DFM on growth performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of sow treatment (same as described in Exp. 1) and nursery treatment (control; YCW, 0.05% of SafMannan from d 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from d 0 to 10 and 0.025% from d 10 to 24; or DFM, 0.10% MicroSaf-S from d 0 to 38 and NucleoSaf at 0.05% from d 0 to 10 and 0.025% from d 10 to 24) with 6 pigs per pen and 8 to 10 replications per treatment. From d 0 to 10 post-weaning, progeny of sows fed yeast additives had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. In conclusion, feeding sows yeast through lactation improved offspring growth performance in the nursery. While feeding live yeast and yeast extracts reduced nursery pig performance in Exp. 1, feeding DFM improved growth later in the nursery period in Exp. 2.


ON THE EOCENE TRANSGRESSION IN THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT OF POLAND Summary In 1962 (W. Sikora, 1962) the author formulated an option that the Palaeogene formations, which occur within the Klippen Belt of Poland are a strange element in this belt, and belong to the Magura nappe, overthrust from the north. This opinion was criticized by K. Birkenmajer (1965), who categorically upheld the thesis that the Palaeogene formations rest transgressively on the Mesozoic formations of the Klippen Belt series. To explain decisively this problem, the Geological Institute has conducted some field works along the zone Cisowka -Zlatne (Fig. 1). This area thought to be classical one, as concerns the development of transgressive Zlatne Beds. A series of test pits has been made, about 1600 m north of the castle at Niedzica (Figs. 2 and 3), approximately along the cross section line published by K. Birkenmajer in 1959. The second series of pits runs across the Palaeogene zone, north of Siubieniczna Gora, at Łapsze Nizne (Fig. 4). The profiles from the test pits made at Niedzica and Łapsze Nizne have demonstrated that the Zlatne sandstones do not rest transgressively on the folded Klippen Belt series, but are only sedimentary intercalations in the clay-marly formations. The following are conclusions which may be draw on the basis of the materials analysed in this article. 1. At present, no data exist, which may allow us to accept any transgression of the Paleogene formations on the Klippen Belt series. 2. There are no evidences to consider the Zlatne Beds to be the southern facies of the Kluszkowce Beds, which belong to the Magma series. In consequence of this we cannot judge that at the Palaeogene time, the Klippen Belt basin was within the sedimentary area of the Magura basin. 3. There are numerous evidences to assume that the Zlatne series has been laid down south of the Kllippen Belt series (thus the author revises his opinion from 1962, according to which the Zlatne sandstones were related to the Magura nappe), and that a sedimentary continuity exists in this series between the Cretaceous and Palaeogene formation, developed as flysch deposits. In consequence of this we cannot also assume that the Kllippen Belt series were folded during the Laramie activity responsible for the production of nappes. 4. Palaeogene deposits that occur within the Klippen Belt belong, on the one hand, probably to the Magura series overthrust towards the south on the Klippen Belt series (e.g. in the vicinity of Jaworek), and on the other hand, to the Zlatne series (unit) owethrust on the Klippen Belt series probably from the south. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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The work aimed to test two different pore size ultrafiltration membranes (a spiral wound PES membrane, cut off 5-8 kDa; and another, a tubular PVDF membrane, cut off 30-80 kDa) to nutrients recovery from dairy effluents, looking up to evaluate the flux behavior and the pollution control parameters removal. The results have shown that COD removal is nearby 75%; however, proteins separation is near 97% and fats removal is in a range 91% - 93%. The fluxes were 18 kg m-1 h-1 for spiral wound membrane and 50 kg m-2 h-1 for tubular membrane. The process has shown latter studies could became possible the both nutrients reuse on dairy products.


Describes a mini-PACS consisted of PC machine and free software and expounds the method of its construction and the functions with it in order to recommend an economical PACS program to numerous hospitals.


Persons - what makes an individual? animals - do they think and do they have minds? machines - could they have minds? ideas - how brains could have minds and why problems - what is mind?.


The mineral content of a cheese may determine the structure of that cheese and, under certain conditions, might affect the rate of breakdown of its constituent proteins (Lawrence et al. 1983). In some cheeses the rate of proteolysis appears to be higher the lower the Ca (Knoop & Buchheim, 1980) or ash (Marcos et al. 1979) level. On the other hand, in Cheddar cheeses made from milk concentrated by ultraflltration (UF), the flavour, body and texture all increased as the Ca level increased (Kindstedt & Kosikowski, 1984). In an experiment on Cheddar cheese manufactured from UF-concentrated milks which was carried out in this laboratory (Green, 1985), it appeared that Pj/protein, but not Ca/protein, correlated with asl-casein proteolysis (P < 0-02), trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble N formation (P < 0-05) and total flavour intensity (P < 0-01) (author's unpublished work). However, the method used for P4 determination in the cheese, in which phosphate soluble in 2-5% (w/v)-TCA at 2 weeks was determined, might also have measured phosphate associated with peptides of low molecular weight. All the above reports depend on correlations which may not be causally related. However, they do raise the possibility that low Ca or high P4 levels in cheese promote proteolysis and flavour development. This would agree with observations made by Fox (1970) that Ca promotes aggregation of casein in solution and thereby inhibits proteolysis. The aim of the present work is to assess whether the Pj level had any direct effect on flavour development in Cheddar cheese. At the salting stage of cheese manufacture, part of the NaCl was replaced, to equal ionic strength, by NaH2PO4 or KH2PO4. The latter salt was included because it is nutritionally desirable to reduce Na levels in foods (Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy Report, 1984).


When students present oral English presentation, syntactical errors and mistakes will frequently tend to occur. This research is aimed at analysing the syntactical errors and mistakes found in English oral presentation. The sample taken is the students of Economic Faculty in 2018/2019 who were taking Communication and Presentation in English course. This research used qualitative and descriptive methods. The instruments used are the transcription of the oral presentation and interview. The data are analysed descriptively by using the category of syntactical errors and mistakes by Browns (2007) and Corder (1967). The analysis showed that the most common errors and mistakes are in incomplete unit of a sentence, confusion of using part of speech and wrong use of 'to be'. The result of the study can be used by the lecturer to see the students' lack of English competency and specify the teaching materials.


In the developed countries, traffic noise is one of most serious problems faced by people's lives. So the importance of the traffic noise is quite well recognized by the infrastructure planners as well as the people. The traffic noise is valued in monetary terms in some countries and it is reflected in estimating the net present value or benefit/cost ratio. On the contrary, the effects of traffic noise are not reflected in the assessment of infrastructure in most cases in Korea. However, as the income level has been increasing, more people have been becoming to put more importance on their living conditions. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the value of traffic noise in the Seoul metropolitan area. The housing price were surveyed to use the quasi-hedonic price technique. By this way, two housing prices at the same floor level in different 128 complexes in the Seoul metropolitan area were surveyed. The actual traffic noise level was also measured. The differences of housing prices and noise levels were analyzed using the various types of regression models. The value is quite different by size of house. The value of large house is higher than that of small house. Since the income level of people in large house is higher than that in small house, it might be said that value of traffic noise for high income people is higher than that for low income people. Moreover, the increase of 1dB(A) noise affects the house price by about 0.3% in Seoul.


The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) is responsible for administering state and federal transit and paratransit grant programs that provide operating and capital assistance to more than 60 public and private agencies. The amount of state subsidy has increased from $20 million in state FY 1978 to about $32 million for FY 1981. The tremendous growth in the state subsidy has forced a revision in the subsidy-allocation policy. MnDOT has previously covered two-thirds of the operating deficit for each transit system. This discretionary deficit-based procedure implied no upper limit for the state subsidy as system deficits skyrocketed. A new procedure for subsidy allocation is proposed so that maximum levels of state participation will be established for systems grouped by the service area population. These maximum levels, expressed as a percentage of total operating cost, vary according to the size of the service area. The actual deficit incurred up to the policy maximum level will be subsidized in most cases with federal, state, and local dollars at the rate of 3:2:1. Beyond this level, unmatched local dollars are required to cover any additional deficit. The maximums imply a reasonable level of fare-box revenue that all systems must attain either through the fare box or local levy. (Author)


The enhanced thermal stability of thin polymer bilayer films against dewetting is investigated. Stabilization results from the addition of a random functional copolymer. The model system consists of a silicon substrate covered with a bilayer of amorphous polyamide (PA), followed by a fully deuterated polystyrene (PSd). While the PA sublayer is stable against dewetting, the addition of a PSd homopolymer film allows dewetting to occur during annealing. By blending the PSd top layer with a fully protonated copolymer poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA2), containing 2% maleic anhydride groups in the chain, its dewetting process is retarded. This increase in stability is investigated as a function of copolymer and annealing time. Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is applied to determine the surface root-mean-square roughness and to check the stabilization effect. Information about the density profile is aquired from specular neutron reflectivity measurements. In addition, grazing incidence small angle neutron...


Uncertainty is a central construct in entrepreneurship and yet the determinants of the uncertainty an entrepreneur perceives remain largely unexplored. By leveraging the philosophical distinction between subjective, objective, and intersubjective knowledge we theorize how differing types of knowledge (or lack thereof) influence entrepreneurs' perceptions of both state and response uncertainty. We then develop and test a model showing how the relationships formed by entrepreneurs early in the new venture creation process impact the uncertainty they perceive in their environments. Our study offers one of the only empirical examinations of the perception of uncertainty in the process of new venture creation and extends our understanding of the role stakeholder interaction plays in entrepreneurship.


Introduction: Transgender health is a comparatively new area of medicine that has not been explored until the past few decades. In India, the doctors still do not have much knowledge in this area. This highly influences the quality of medical services available for the transgender population. The undergraduate medical curriculum does not include enough information regarding transgender health care. Methodology: 214 participants were included in the study. A questionnaire containing 39 questions was provided to them in order to assess their knowledge regarding the medical and social problems related to transgender health. The questions were in yes or no format and scores were given to each answer. Questions were in 3 sections: general social awareness, medical experience, and knowledge and perception of issues.Result: The median score was 22 out of 39, with a maximum score of 35. Chi-square test showed better scores on general awareness and perception of issues while poorer scores in medical knowledge of transgender health among medical students. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a huge deficit in medical knowledge on transgender health among medical students even though they may be aware of the social aspects and issues in the area. There is a need for improvement of undergraduate medical curriculum to include topics of transgender health so as to better prepare the medical students to care for trans patients.


The purpose of this work is to find dynamic charac teristics of a new smart valve with piezoactuator used in different mechatronic systems , in medicine, alimentary industry, etc. Novelty of this valve is that one of the parts of i ts control device, i.e. membrane, is comprised of two raster steel disks (each disc has the same n umber of notches) and the flow is controlled by means of optical interference effect generated b tween them. With the help of holographic PRISM system we investigated which piezocylinder, s gmented or nonsegmented, is better to use in the system of smart valve. Also we represent d the original patented scheme of the smart valve.


Tapping into the water cycle and producing strength from rainy days will be one manner to grow our renewable power use. Till now, scientists have been not able to get water droplets to supply a huge quantity of energy however we may additionally subsequently have a step forward. At the same time as we're still an extended manner from umbrellas that double up as generators, the contemporary technique indicates there might be a way to get power from rain showers at a degree of efficiency that makes these systems realistic. New studies have discovered a way that might generate enough electricity from a single droplet of rain to mild up less than a hundred led bulbs. It truly is a massive leap ahead in efficiency, inside the region of several thousand times. "our research indicates that a drop of one hundred micro liters of water released from a top of 15 centimeter's [5.9 inches] can generate a voltage of over 12v, and the energy generated can mild up a hundred small led lights. Siliconbased solar cell is by far the most set up solar cell generation. The surface of a si sun cellular is usually protected by means of a layer of obvious material to defend the tool from environmental damages/corrosions. Right here, we changed this safety layer through a transparent tribo electric nano generator (TENG) or piezo electric generator or thermocouple Peltier junction, for simultaneously or personally harvesting sun and raindrop electricity whilst both or both of them are available in our living surroundings. The Teng is made from a particularly processed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, an indium tin oxide (ITO) and a polyethylene terephthalate layer. Under solar mild irradiation (12 w/m2) in a wet day, the fabricated excessive-efficiency sun cellular presents an open-circuit (voc) of zero.43 v and short-circuit cutting-edge density (JSC) of four.2 a/m2. And the TENG designed for series of raindrop power offers an ac voc of 30 v and JSC of 4.2 ma/m2 whilst impacted by using water drops at a dripping rate of 0.116 ml/s. In wet days, the performance of sun cellular reduced greatly, while TENG can be an awesome reimbursement as for inexperienced strength harvesting. From those results, we are able to see that the hybrid cell shaped by way of a sun mobile and a water-drop TENG have incredible ability for concurrently/in my opinion harvesting each sun electricity and raindrop electrostatic energy under special weather situations, especially in raining season.


This note examines the use of large-scale purchases of agency debt and agency MBS as an alternative monetary policy tool when short-term interest rates are at the zero bound. The goal of such purchases is to reduce conventional fixed mortgage rates and, more broadly, to lower long-term borrowing costs for the private sector, including corporate bond rates. The Federal Reserve announced on November 25, 2008 that it would conduct such purchases over the next few quarters.


Abstract The essential oils of Ageratum houstonianum Mill grown in Egypt were obtained and studied for the first time. The essential oils of leaves (0.1 % v/w) and flowers (0.06 % v/w) of A. houstonianum Mill. (Asteraceae) were comparatively analyzed by GC/MS using non polar column Rtx-5MS. A total of 11-32 components were identified, 7 being common in both samples. The main constituents of both leaves-and flowers-derived oil samples were precocene I (22.4-34.6 %), β-caryophyllene (63.9-13.7 %), and precocene II (10.8-29.6 %) respectively. The principle difference was a considerably more pronounced sesquiterpenes presence in the leaves-oil, amounting to 65.8 %, than in the flowers counterpart (32.4 %). Caryophyllene (63.9 %) was the major sesquiterpenes detected in leaves-oil, while flowers-oil showed less amounts of sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons (32.4 %) and represented by caryophyllene (13.5 %). Chromenes was prevailed major constituents of flowers derived oil (64.8 %) nearly double its percent in the leaves derived oil (33.3 %). In vitro screen of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities was determined against positive control. No antifungal activity was experiential on the tested fungi for all tested samples in the used concentration. Flowers-oil sample is being mostly efficient as antibacterial against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with potency 50 % compared to gentamicin. The essential oil samples revealed marked in vitro cytotoxicity against colon (HCT-116) carcinoma cell line with IC50 (11.1 %, 14.2 %) μg/ml for the leaves-, flowers-derived oil sample, respectively. The antibacterial effect of the essential oil of the flowers of A.houstonianum Mill can be credited to chromenes. As well as the leaves derived oil prevailed caryophyllene as a major constituents which may justify its observed cytotoxic activity.


And it is provided with a description of the method for selecting a reference information item in a television signal, and the reference information item can be used to call a particular Internet and / or email address with a television set. The television signal comprises a video signal and the additional signal, the reference information item is included in the additional signal. According to the invention, the reference information item of the sub-picture content of the video signal is assigned to the area, the reference information item is assigned to sub-selected by selecting a region, enabling the reproduction of assigned information. Additional signal comprises a contour information items, the items of the sub-picture content - is assigned to the sub-area - represents an approximation of the contour of the outer area. For the additional signal is preferably an analog television signal is positioned in the so-called user data in the case of a vertical retrace _ located in the erase period, the digital television signal.


Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) is a common cause of viral meningitis, and the leading etiological agent of recurrent Mollaret's meningitis. HSV‐2 is the second most common cause of adult viral meningitis in developed countries,[1] occurring even in the absence of clinical genital herpes.[2] In contrast, there are very few case reports of HSV‐2 meningitis from India[3] and this kind of evidence has rarely been documented. We report a case of a young, immunocompetent woman presenting to the hospital with Acute Tonsillitis and later developing meningitis due to HSV‐2 during the course of the hospital stay.


Simultaneous extraction of protein and polysaccharide from Broussonetia papyrifera leaves by alkali extraction was studied. By single factor and orthogonal test the optimum conditions were as follows: the alkali concentration 1%,extraction time 5h, extraction temperature 70℃, the liquid-solid ratio 35∶1, pH 3. By the above conditions, the extraction yield of protein 59.59%, and the extraction yield of polysaccharide was 28.39%.


Abstract This paper investigates how ESD is recontextualised in pedagogic practice in geography teaching in Hanoi, Vietnam, with the case study in two schools. Empirical materials for this study include video recordings and observations of 15 geography lessons conducted between 2016 and 2019. The lessons were selected based on the areas where the teachers thought they would be promoting ESD. Bernstein's Sociological Theory of Education (1973-1996) was used as the theoretical frame for analysing the pedagogic practice. Our findings show that (1) an explicit hierarchy frames the interaction between teachers and students; (2) the selection of knowledge and skills is governed by strong classification and framing of curricula and textbooks; (3) teachers follow the sequence of knowledge in the textbooks; (4) the teachers' evaluation of the students is based on examining how well students reproduce the textbook contents. The observed pedagogic practice demonstrates a performance-based model of pedagogy, in contrast to a constructivist approach, which the tenets of ESD call for. We conclude that the implementation of the global principles of ESD could help educators/teachers face the challenges of applying a more transformative, constructivist pedagogic practice in Vietnam.


Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) is the third most common species caught by fishing boats in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil and production of this shrimp in the Cananeia region located on the southern coast of this state ranks second in the nation. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variation of the total biomass and size of X. kroyeri and analyze this variation against environmental factors in order to suggest some information about the best periods to fish this species. Samples were caught monthly from four sampling stations in Cananeia between July 2012 and June 2014 using a fishing boat equipped with otter-trawl nets. Temperature and salinity were monitored using a multiparameter probe, and sediment samples were also taken using a Van Veen-type gripper for particle size analysis. The shrimp were weighed, quantified, and carapace length was measured (mm). In general, the highest total biomass values were recorded when the fishery was closed in the southeast and south regions, and the highest catch of smaller individuals was also observed during this period. In contrast, in November 2013 the fishing is permitted and high biomass composed of large individuals was observed. The monthly biomass showed a positive relationship with sediment texture, because this species prefers very fine sediments to burrow as a defense against predators.


Summary The customary method of transmission of toxoplasmsis to man and to animals remains unknown. This report shows that infections are transmitted between swine and rodents when either animal is fed infected tissue from the other, likewise when pigs ingest infected swine offal. The feeding cycles described are reminiscent of those known in trichinosis. Similarities and differences are discussed, and implications for human disease pointed out. Whether there is a risk to the public, and if so, its extent, will require future studies on swine and on pork, under natural as well as experimental conditions.


Simple Summary Cancer is a prevalent disease globally, and conventional treatment options have been associated with substantial morbidity for patients. The unique acoustic properties and biological effects of focused ultrasound have been investigated for use as an alternative treatment option for various forms of cancer with lower associated morbidity than standard treatments. The objective of our review was to assess the current state and various applications of focused ultrasound for the treatment of genitourinary cancers, including prostate, kidney, bladder, penile, and testicular malignancies. Current research demonstrates that focused ultrasound-based focal therapy shows promise for the treatment of localized prostate and kidney cancer, and the effect of ultrasound on cell membranes may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Focused ultrasound-based treatment modalities should continue to be investigated as an alternative or complementary treatment option for cancer patients. Abstract Traditional cancer treatments have been associated with substantial morbidity for patients. Focused ultrasound offers a novel modality for the treatment of various forms of cancer which may offer effective oncological control and low morbidity. We performed a review of PubMed articles assessing the current applications of focused ultrasound in the treatment of genitourinary cancers, including prostate, kidney, bladder, penile, and testicular cancer. Current research indicates that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) focal therapy offers effective short-term oncologic control of localized prostate and kidney cancer with lower associated morbidity than radical surgery. In addition, studies in mice have demonstrated that focused ultrasound treatment increases the accuracy of chemotherapeutic drug delivery, the efficacy of drug uptake, and cytotoxic effects within targeted cancer cells. Ultrasound-based therapy shows promise for the treatment of genitourinary cancers. Further research should continue to investigate focused ultrasound as an alternative cancer treatment option or as a complement to increase the efficacy of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


Titanium matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fiber were fabricated by the hot–press method. Altex fiber (85 mass g–alumina, 15 mass silica) was used in this study. A reaction layer was observed at the interface between Altex fiber and the titanium matrix of the composite sintered at 1023 K. Tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength was affected by fiber volume fraction and interfacial reaction of the composite. Tensile strength of the titanium composites containing 3 vol Altex fiber fabricated by hot–press at 1023 K for 20 min was 30 higher than that of pure titanium. However, the tensile strength of the composite did not increase for 30 min sintering time and decreased for 50 min sintering time due to excessive interfacial reaction.


We analyze the dc and ac Josephson effects in ${S}_{a}{\mathrm{INIS}}_{b}$ junctions in which an additional bias current flows in the $N$ layer. The case of low temperatures and voltages $(eV,T\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\Delta})$ is considered in the dirty limit. We show that the critical Josephson current may change sign, and the considered SINIS junction may become a \ensuremath{\pi} junction if the voltage drop across the ${N/S}_{a}$ interface exceeds a certain value $({\mathrm{eV}}_{N}g\ensuremath{\Delta}/\sqrt{2})$. The ac Josephson effect may arise even if the current flows only through the ${N/S}_{a}$ interface, whereas the current through the ${S}_{b}/N$ interface is absent.


This study addresses hurricane hazard to the state of New York in past, present, and future, using synthetic storms generated by the Columbia HAZard model (CHAZ) and climate inputs from the fifth coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5), in conjunction with historical observations. The projected influence of anthropogenic climate change on future hazard is quantified by the normalized differences in statistics of hurricane hazard between the recent historical period (1951-2005) and the two future periods under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 warming scenario: the near-future (2006-2040) and the late 21st century (2070-2099). Changes in return periods of storms affecting the state at given intensities are computed, as are wind hazards for individual counties. Other storm characteristics examined include hurricane intensity, forward speed, heading and rate of change of the heading. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of these characteristics mostly change by less than 3% from the historical to the near future period. In the late 21st century, CHAZ projects a clear upward trend in New York hurricane intensity as a consequence of increasing potential intensity and decreasing vertical wind shear in the vicinity. CHAZ also projects a decrease in translation speed and an increasing probability of approach from the east. Changes in hurricane wind hazard, however, are epistemically uncertain due to a fundamental uncertainty in CHAZ projections of NYS hurricane frequency, in which frequency either increases or decreases depending on which humidity variable is used in the environmental index that controls genesis in the model. Thus projected changes in the wind hazards are reported separately under storylines of increasing or decreasing frequency.


The existence of a three-dimensional projective geometry in spacetime, in particular in the Minkowski spacetime, was already well-known early from the very beginning of the theory of relativity. This geometry is clearly linked up with well-identified physical observables. On the contrary, no such identifications were found out for higherdimensional projective geometries of spacetime. And as a result, these projective theories which, in part, were developed essentially during the first half of the 20th century with the works of, for instance, O. Veblen and B. Hoffmann fell almost completely into oblivion [1]. Surprisingly, the origins of such issues arised fundamentally from incomplete or strongly non-relativistic descriptions of the physical observables and localization protocols which provide direct accesses to the positions of the spacetime events. A part of the clarification appeared in the early 2000s with new designs of positioning protocols implemented in so-called 'relativistic positioning systems' independent of any simultaneity convention cluttering up earlier designs [2, 3, 4, 5]. However, only positions of users collecting positioning signals on their receivers can be deduced from such relativistic positioning systems. Actually, the latter do not allow any localization, i.e., they do not provide genuinely relativistic, physical observables for carrying out a system of relativistic coordinates in spacetime. The 'relativistic localizing systems' [6, 7] solve this remaining problem and, thereafter, the one for positioning any spacetime event.


We use surface deformation measurements including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data acquired by the ALOS‐2 mission of the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency and Global Positioning System (GPS) data to invert for the fault geometry and coseismic slip distribution of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Assuming that the ruptured fault connects to the surface trace of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) fault between 84.34°E and 86.19°E, the best fitting model suggests a dip angle of 7°. The moment calculated from the slip model is 6.08 × 1020 Nm, corresponding to the moment magnitude of 7.79. The rupture of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake was dominated by thrust motion that was primarily concentrated in a 150 km long zone 50 to 100 km northward from the surface trace of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), with maximum slip of ∼ 5.8 m at a depth of ∼8 km. Data thus indicate that the 2015 Gorkha earthquake ruptured a deep part of the seismogenic zone, in contrast to the 1934 Bihar‐Nepal earthquake, which had ruptured a shallow part of the adjacent fault segment to the east.


This tutorial describes a step-by-step procedure for programming a Macintosh Nvidia GPU. General scientific programmers with some C knowledge can get started in parallel processing application development with relative ease.


We consider the random field M(t)=\sup_{n\geq 1}\big\{-\log A_{n}+X_{n}(t)\big\}\,,\qquad t\in T\, for a set $T\subset \mathbb{R}^{m}$, where $(X_{n})$ is an iid sequence of centered Gaussian random fields on $T$ and $0 0$, samples $M(t_{1}),\ldots ,M(t_{d})$ with complexity $o(c(d)\,d^{\epsilon })$. Moreover, if $X_{n}$ has an a.s. converging series representation, then $M$ can be a.s. approximated with error $\delta $ uniformly over $T$ and with complexity $O(1/(\delta \log (1/\delta ))^{1/\alpha })$, where $\alpha $ relates to the H\"{o}lder continuity exponent of the process $X_{n}$ (so, if $X_{n}$ is Brownian motion, $\alpha =1/2$).


Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are quite common in people with chronic diseases, which negatively influence the quality of life of patients. Objective: Our study was conducted to evaluate the emotional status of patients receiving inpatient treatment for chronic heart, kidney and respiratory tract diseases and to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression. Setting: 301 patients with a known psychiatric disease, hospitalized in the chest, cardiology and nephrology clinic between 2014 and 2016, were included in the study. Methodology: Data were collected face to face interview. Socio-demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. Emotional status was determined by the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD)" consisting of 14 questions filled out by the patient himself. Results: The anxiety rate was 52.2% and the depression rate was 81.7% in all patients. There was the anxiety in 66% of patients with respiratory disease, in 46.6% of patients with heart disease and in 44.3% of patients with renal disease. The difference between groups was statistically significant (= 0.027). Depression was found to be 89.7% in cardiac patients, 86.6% in respiratory patients and 65.9% in renal patients, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p <0.001). The relationship between emotional status and sociodemographic characteristics was examined, and no difference was found in terms of gender, marital status, working status and education level. There was a significant positive correlation between age and depression scores (r = 0.173, p = 0.003). Conclusion: We report that psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety as well as respiratory, heart and kidney diseases can also negatively affect the treatment process of patients and may alleviate somatic diseases. For this reason, it may be useful to provide psychosocial support as well as treatment of such chronic diseases.


Standard pharmacological treatment of migraine has many shortcomings. Acupuncture is becoming a more widely used therapy for the prevention and treatment of migraine, but its effectiveness is still in question when compared to the pharmacological treatments even though very few of these have Class A and B evidence for migraine prevention. This is a systematic review of data from existing randomized trials that compare the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment with conventional migraine preventative medications.


In marketing studies there is a close relationship between service quality, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention from so many years. It is to be noted that despite of vast number of literature available, there is still need to investigate these three dimensions theoretically. Therefore, judgment of quality by consumer should be given the highest priority and his decision regarding the quality of service should be welcome by the suppliers. There is not clarity between the concept of service quality and tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. The purpose of this paper is to understand the concept between them with the help of SERVQUAL Model. Many organizations played an important role to understand it and they mainly focus on the revisit intention of the tourist. This conceptual paper also highlights the management strategies in tourism industry with future implication.


The inidal consignment of wool exports from Southern Peru to Great Britain in 1834 may be taken as the beginning of a dependency relationship which has persisted up to the present day. Dependence upon demand from a market centred in the advanced capitalist nations locked the region into wool monoculture while the marketing of the raw material itself was controlled by the operations of foreign export houses based in the regional capital of Arequipa. After temporary inter ruptions caused by the War of the Pacific and competition from British colonies in the late nineteenth century, the export economy of the region expanded once again but this time under the impetus of a corresponding growth in the number and size of quasi-feudal haciendas. The later inability of the landowners to achieve the full proletarianisation of their work force was the major factor preventing the complete modernisation of pastoral economy in the second half of the twentieth century.


Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in glioma stem cells (GSCs). Methods GSCs were isolated from human glioblastoma cell line U87 and identified by detecting the expressions of CD133 and nestin with immunofluorescence staining. The obtained GSCs were divided into control group,empty vector group (cultured with dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) and ATRA treatment group (cultured with 10 nmool/L ATRA).After 10 d of differentiation; the proliferation of the treated GSCs was evaluated using CCK8 assay; the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),β-tubulin Ⅲ and galactoeerebroside (GralC) in the cells were detected by immunofluorescence.VEGF and bFGF levels in cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA; the mRNA expressions of VEGF and bFGF were detected by RT-PCR. Results The target antibodies of neural stem cells (NSCs), CD133 and nestin,positively expressed in the GSCs; differentiated GSCs can differentiate several kinds of homologous daughter cells,which expressed the cell markers of astrocytes,neurons and oligodendrocytes: GFAP, β-tubulin LⅢ and GalC, respectively. The percentage of GFAP-positive differentiated GSC s in the ATRA treatment group was significantly higher as compared with that in the other 2 groups after 10 d of differentiation (P<0.05); the speed of proliferation of GSCs in ATRA treatment group was obviously slower than that in the other 2 groups 3-7 d after differentiation (P<0.05).The VEGF and bFGF levels and the mRNA expression levels of VEGF and bFGF in GSCs of the ATRA treatment group 24 h after differentiation were also significantly lower than those in the other 2 groups (P<0.05). Conclusion ATRA can induce the differentiation of GSCs and inhibit its proliferation.It may exerts its anti-glioblastoma effect through the VEGF and bFGF signaling pathways.

Key words:
All-trans retinoic acid; Glioma stem cell; Differentiation; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Basic fibroblast growth factor


Developing a generalized route to effectively fabricate periodic mechanically flexible graphene aerogels across several size orders and whole structural integrity on a large scale for flexible electronics is still a challenge. Herein, inspired by bamboo's natural hierarchical structure, a general method is developed to effectively fabricate biomimetic cellular graphene fibers using hydrogen bubbles and ice simultaneously as templates, whose whole size ranges from micro to several centimeters. Owing to its superior mechanical flexibility demonstrated by the in situ scanning electron microscope test and intrinsically good electrical conductivity, its potential in flexible electronics such as sensors, supercapacitors, and Ni–Zn batteries is carefully investigated. It not only shows superior sensitivity in the monitoring of the pulse pressure in sensor devices but also directly serves as a promising binder, flexible scaffold, and conductive additive, as well as extra active material in the energy storage device without any extra additives. This strategy can also be extended to fabricate other configurations of graphene aerogels such as spring‐like type and bulk film, able to serve as the next generation of intelligent infrastructure for achieving multifunctional structural and functional tasks.


This research scrutinizes the process of democratic consolidation in South Korea, focusing on interactions of political actors. This study assumes that if democratization depends on political interactions, the status of the outcomes tends to be fluctuating, and examines the  research hypothesis that democratic transition of South Korea was the outcomes of strategic interactions between political actors, by analyzing the political conjuncture of presidential nomination in 1992 as a crucial moment of democratic transition in South Korea, with a rational choice theory: a game theory model. The results show that strategic interaction of political actors determined the process of transitions, even after the founding election. This research also clarifies that the weakness of the political society and severe regionalism, which are derived from patrimonialism, are the vital elements for fluctuating consolidation in South Korea.
Keywords: Democratization, Democratic Consolidation, Rational Choice Theory


Robert J. Sternberg who wrote the foreword for the book indicates many important points and approaches of the field. As Sternberg points out, it is seen that the editors of The New Science of Learning: Cognition, Computers, and Collaboration in Education have recruited much of the important and top talent in the field of learning to write about the latest developments in the science of learning. In today's world, there are different models for this relationship. One model is the Solarian model, described in the book, of people in isolation with little but virtual contact. A second model is of children working together in a computer laboratory reading lessons presented in a fascinating way via computer. A third model is that of distance learning. One even can do group projects with others, completing the projects without seeing any of the others in the group or having the foggiest idea of what they look like. In extreme cases, one could be involved in an elaborate Turing test, interacting with a computer while one thought one is interacting with others, without even realizing that the others are simulacra. A fourth model is group-interactive projects that use the computer but take place in classrooms or laboratories or libraries with humans in face-to-face interactions. More and more libraries across the world are creating what are sometimes called "learning commons" which are spaces for precisely such interaction to occur.


In satellite images processing, image restoration is an important pre-processing step. As some traditional deblurring methods like Wiener filtering often obtain an either smooth or noisy solution, whereas some edge-preserving methods are iterative and time-consuming; a modified Fourier-wavelet deconvolution method (ForWaRD) is proposed in this paper. This method could be implemented forward directly with two steps. From the view of practical engineering, this approach could obtain pretty good results in a fast speed, so it is a suitable method in satellite image restoration area.


In two cores in the Odiel and Tinto river estuary, Sc, Y, Th and Cu concentrations show a significant increase in the intermediate levels, between 10 and 40 cm depth. Vertical evolution patterns for Sc, Y, Cu and heavy rare earth (HREE) are similar, and contrary to those shown by Th, light REE (LREE) and middle REE (MREE). Samples of the intermediate levels of the cores show significant enrichment of REE relative to North American Shale Composite (NASC) and high values in the (La/Gd)NASC and (La/Yb)NASC ratios. These anomalies in the fractionation patterns caused by enrichments in LREE and MREE concentrations are related to the presence of high concentrations of Th. They were generated by effluents from fertilizer factories between 1968 and 1998 which used phosphorite as source material.


This research is aimed at finding out: 1) PMII roles of Salatiga in 2017 in order to spread values of Islam Nusantara; 2) the inhibing and supporting factors faced by PMII of Salatiga in spreading the values. To get the data needed in this study, the researcher used qualitative descriptive methodology by using library and field research. This result of this study showed that spreading the values of Islam Nusantara consists of two roles named formal and informal roles. While the supporting factors in spreading the values of Islam Nusantara are: a) the number of seniors of PMII became lecturers at the two campuses;b) the large number of Islamic boarding schools around two campuses that have a commissariat of PMII; c) many members who become santri, are affiliated with campus internal organizations; and d) the majority of members are NU backgrounds. while the inhibiting factors are as follows: the number of campuses in Salatiga is relatively few , there are only two Islamic universities around Salatiga, the number of members and administrators are unequal, and the lack of capacity of the committee, and they lulled by the big name of NU.


The skulls of the dog, cat, foetal horse, and Echidna were investigated by means of X-rays with regard to the bone density in various regions. The marked increase in the density of the bony tissue around the nodes and along the tracts was observed. The tracts and nodes were analysed and described in previous papers (cf. Parts I-IX of this series (Tucker 1954a-f, 1955a-c)). As the nodes and tracts are the paths of stresses, the increased density of the bony tissue in them is interpreted functionally; it increases, namely, the resistance of the whole structure to the stresses which originate from mastication. Other areas of high density of bony tissue are located around the foramen magnum and in the petrosal bone. The first is connected with the stresses which originate from the vertebral column and the mass of the whole head as well; the second is related to the development of the internal ear.


This study simulates the effect of fracture characteristics on permeability, average linear velocity, breakthrough time, and megascopic dispersivity of a fractured medium. The authors use a power law for fracture length distribution and a fractional Brownian motion for hydraulic fracture aperture spatial distribution, which can be characterized by a and H , respectively. A new finite difference model is developed for solute transport that considers advection, adsorption, first-order decay, and scale-dependent dispersivity of a single fracture using a numerical dispersion term caused by finite difference approximation. The ranges of 1 . 4 h a h 2 . 2 and 0 . 1 h H h 0 . 9 are considered. The results show that the permeability is not very affected by a , but increases slightly with increasing H . The average linear velocity decreases with increasing a , but increases with increasing H . Both the breakthrough time and the megascopic dispersivity increase as a becomes larger, but decrease as H becomes larger. Finally, the megascopic dispersivity is proportional to the linear size of a medium by the power of i , which increases from approximately 0.65 to 0.85 with increasing a , which shows the analogy of the fractured medium to a highly heterogeneous porous medium.


Heat transfer to the storage fluid is a critical subject in thermal energy storage systems. The storage fluids that are proposed for supercritical thermal storage system are organic fluids that have poor thermal conductivity; therefore, pure conduction will not be an efficient heat transfer mechanism for the system. The current study concerns a supercritical thermal energy storage system consisting of horizontal tubes filled with a supercritical fluid. The results of this study show that the heat transfer to the supercritical fluid is highly dominated by natural convection. The buoyancy-driven flow inside the storage tubes dominates the flow field and enhances the heat transfer dramatically. Depending on the diameter of the storage tube, the buoyancy-driven flow may be laminar or turbulent. The natural convection has a significant effect on reducing the charge time compared to pure conduction. It was concluded that although the thermal conductivity of the organic supercritical fluids are relatively low, the effective laminar or turbulent natural convection compensates for this deficiency and enables the supercritical thermal storage to charge effectively.© 2013 ASME


The solid surface free energy components of e-CL-20 were determined by the Washburn equation with the thin-layer wicking technique. The results show that the surface free energy components of e-CL-20 from different liquids are in good agreement with each other. The total surface free energy rTs of e-CL-20 is 42.65 mJ·m-2, which accords with the theoretic calculation result 41.28 mJ·m-2. The other determined values are dispersive component rLWs=40.61 mJ·m-2, polar component rABs =2.042 mJ·m-2, electron acceptor component r+s =0.32 mJ·m-2 and electron donor component r-s=13.02 mJ·m-2. The results also show that the apolar component is the main part in the surface free energy and e-CL-20 is a bipolar solid, which is more basic than acid.


Near-infrared spectroscopy or imaging has been extensively applied to various biomedical applications since it can detect the concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb) and total haemoglobin (Hbtotal) from deep tissues. To quantify concentrations of these haemoglobin derivatives, the extinction coefficient values of HbO2 and Hb have to be employed. However, it was not well recognized among researchers that small differences in extinction coefficients could cause significant errors in quantifying the concentrations of haemoglobin derivatives. In this study, we derived equations to estimate errors of haemoglobin derivatives caused by the variation of haemoglobin extinction coefficients. To prove our error analysis, we performed experiments using liquid-tissue phantoms containing 1% Intralipid in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. The gas intervention of pure oxygen was given in the solution to examine the oxygenation changes in the phantom, and 3 mL of human blood was added twice to show the changes in [Hbtotal]. The error calculation has shown that even a small variation (0.01 cm−1 mM−1) in extinction coefficients can produce appreciable relative errors in quantification of Δ[HbO2], Δ[Hb] and Δ[Hbtotal]. We have also observed that the error of Δ[Hbtotal] is not always larger than those of Δ[HbO2] and Δ[Hb]. This study concludes that we need to be aware of any variation in haemoglobin extinction coefficients, which could result from changes in temperature, and to utilize corresponding animal's haemoglobin extinction coefficients for the animal experiments, in order to obtain more accurate values of Δ[HbO2], Δ[Hb] and Δ[Hbtotal] from in vivo tissue measurements.


Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) is a heuristic optimization problem that capture interest of several researchers' for its applicability to real-life situations. The variant of MDVRP are solved with some certain constraints such as service time, time window, vehicle capacity, travelled distance etc. these makes MDVRP to cover several situations In this, 76 studies related to MDVRP from 2012 to 2022 were systematically reviewed. The studies are review based on their constraints and an application through various fields. The goal of this research is to examine the contemporary state of MDVRP and its applications. To achieve this goal, we formed a comprehensive search process which was employed on high rated scientific journals databases. The search process resulted to numerous important research papers in the research domain which were theoretically reviewed. The research papers found are screened based on the titled, abstract, year of publication and exhaustive reading of full text in order to extract the related information that will address the aim of this study. Finally, the selected studies were categorized based on constraints and real-life applications they tackled. The outcome of our study shows that minimizing travelled distance and service time were the most constraints addressed by the selected studies, transportation network, waste management; distribution problems were the most widely used real-life applications of MDVRP concentrated on.


The requirements of fuel in Indonesia are increasing, while the petroleum which during the time as represents of main source energy is straight to attenuate. As the result, oil production in domestic ill assorted with oil consumption in domestic, so that Indonesian still import the oil equal to 400 thousands barel/day.
Indonesia is a tropical country which producing many coconut oil. Coconut oil processed to become biodiesel through transesterification process as a phase convert from vegetation oil to metally ester, through reaction with alcohol, and yield side product that is glycerol. At process of transesterification used catalyst KOH and methanol reactance to forming biodiesel.
Based on the description above, processing of development coconut oil biodiesel that was exist is conducted. This processing is use one of the result of coconut oil processing that is copra oil.


We report a facile synthetic strategy to single-crystalline PtPd nanocrystals with controllable shapes and tunable compositions. In the developed synthesis, the molar ratio of the starting precursors determines the composition in the final PtPd nanocrystals, while the halides function as the shape-directing agent to induce the formation of PtPd nanocrystals with cubic or octahedral/tetrahedral morphology. These obtained PtPd nanocrystals exhibit high activity in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, and their performance is highly shape- and composition-dependent with Pt in ∼50% showing the optimum activity and the {100}-facet-enclosed PtPd nanocrystals demonstrating a higher activity than the {111}-facet-bounded PtPd nanocrystals.


Objective Allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased in prevalence recently, and traditional treatment strategies sometimes show limited effectiveness for patients with intractable AR. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is among the increasingly used alternative treatment options. This study was carried out with the aim of performing a clinical assessment of the effect of combined septal and turbinate injection of BTX-A for the management of uncontrolled AR. Materials and methods A single-arm pilot study enrolled 40 patients with moderate to severe uncontrolled AR recruited between October 2018 and August 2019. Each patient received 45 units of BTX-A injected into three fixed points of each side of the nose: inferior turbinate (15 IU), middle turbinate (15 IU), and nasal septum (15 IU). All patients were evaluated in terms of nasal hypersecretions, congestion, and sneezing with a visual analog scale before treatment and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 during the follow-up period. Results Throughout the 12-week follow-up period, a significant difference in the degree of nasal hypersecretions could be identified before and after BTX-A injection. Sneezing differed significantly only in the first 4 weeks, while nasal congestion did not differ significantly before and after BTX-A injection. BTX-A was well tolerated by the patients, with no serious adverse or systemic effects. Conclusion Combined septal and turbinate injection of BTX-A, in patients with uncontrolled AR, may be a long-lasting therapeutic option for the treatment of nasal hypersecretions, but not as effective as for sneezing and nasal congestion.


Objective To explore the effects of the mobile medical guide system in outpatient clinics.Methods The mobile medical guide system designed by a electric limited company and the department of information in our hospital was loaded into the iPad tablet PCs.The medical guide nurses in outpatient clinics use the tablet PCs to provide the medical information for the patients.Results According to the mobile medical guide system,the medical guide nurses could quickly find the information to meet the needs of patients.Conclusion The application of the mobile medical guide system in outpatient clinics can significantly enlarge the area of the medical guide nurses' services,provide convenience for patients,elevate the work efficiency,improve doctor-patient relationship and medical environment,and enhance the meaning of care services.


This work studies the possibility of using the encrypted video channel of widely used video-conferencing applications, such as Skype, as a carrier for an unobservable covert channel that can be used to access arbitrary information on the Internet. Such channel can be used by citizens living in countries ruled by repressive regimes to exert their civil rights without being detected and/or blocked by a censor. Even if the video is encrypted, a covert channel may still be detected if it induces statistically relevant changes in the traffic pattern of the application. We propose and evaluate different alternatives to encode information in the video-stream, in order to maximize the available throughput while preserving the characteristics of the unmodified stream. We have implemented a prototype of our system, named DeltaShaper, that offers a data-link interface and that can support any protocol that runs over TCP/IP. Our results show that it is possible to achieve a throughput of 0.4 kB/s with no significant impact on the stream, which allows to run standard applications such as FTP, SMTP or a simple web client.


Hydrogen elimination mechanisms involved in the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of silica films from SiH4/O2/N2 mixtures are investigated. The main purpose of this work is to elucidate the m...


Many Andean forests of Northwestern Patagonia have expanded over burned areas during the last century. In this article, we combine maps from early 1900s with potential distribution models based on recent forest cover maps of the region to estimate the long-term responses of the three main forest communities of seed-obligate forests, Nothofagus pumilio, N. dombeyi and Austrocedrus chilensis, to land-use changes within the Manso river basin. This valley has the highest potential for forest management in the Rio Negro Province. Our results indicate that the forest area of the Manso river basin has doubled over the last 100 years. The lenga forests expanded over xeric shrublands in the valley, coihue forests advanced primarily over burned areas at the beginning of the 20th century, while cypress forests advanced both in shrublands and burned areas. Land cover change analysis indicates that A. chilensis forests are the community with the highest relative increment. We conclude that, under current scenarios of climate change, shrubland management combined with a strategy of conversion to productive N. dombeyi and A. chilensis forests in key areas would improve current policy, which is characterized by a lack of forest management in areas under the National Park System as well as under provincial administration.


Container shipping is a mature global service industry. The competitive pressures of the past several years and the current recession have triggered a re-examination of competitive strategy by most container carriers. The strategies being discussed are service differentiation, the addition of new value-added services and total quality management. But will these provide a carrier with a firm-specific competitive advantage which is also sustainable? This paper introduces a process for identifying the sources of competitive advantage for firms in the industry and how these sources may be used to ensure survival in the coming decade. The paper then evaluates the strategies likely to be successful in the long term and the type of firm which might exploit them.


: With specific focus on the male characters of Mohsin Hamid's Moth Smoke and The Reluctant Fundamentalist , this paper seeks to re-address the concept of 'identity' within a neo-colonial perspective. The theoretical insights for this research have been drawn from postcolonial scholarship on identity, by theorists such as Homi, k, Bhaba and Ashcroft. Bhabha's concept of mimickery has been used to analyse both, Daru and Changez's, ambiguous perusal of an identity which is overwhelmingly tainted by the neo-colonial impacts. Whereas Changez grows out of his fascination of the colonist, superiority and delusional sense of identity offered by its cosmopolitanism and returns to embrace his cultural origins in Pakistan. Daru, on the other hand, remains mesmerised by the elite Americanised culture of Lahore, a metaphorical representation of the supposed superior American culture within Pakistan. Both men in the process of 'mimicking' the foreign culture lose their sense of belonging, identity, home and even freedom. The comparative analysis of these two characters is significant as their journey of self-realisations, exposes the dilemma of young Pakistani men caught in the clutches of neo-colonialism. This paper highlights and questions the complexities of cultural assimilation and acculturation as well as its repercussions for an individual's identity, caught at the cross roads of transcultural and increasingly globalised world of today.


The authors report on the development and testing of an interactive software aimed at enhancing the quality of decisions made by nonprofit community based organizations (CBOs). Preliminary findings shed some light on the extent to which computer assisted management and communication technologies may contribute to the accomplishments of CBOs, the effectiveness of their programs, their ability to inform policy, and their chances of obtaining financial support. Also, the early findings suggest that it is possible to bring about positive change in communities by empowering grassroots entrepreneurs and the organizations they lead with the appropriate technologies.


Portugal and the UN: the first approach In this article we describe the first application for admission of Portu‐ gal to the un. This attempt of acces‐ sion must therefore be read as another example of the adaptation of the regime to the new postwar interna‐ tional system. Strategy that began in 1943, even before the war ended, with the embargo on the sale of tungsten and the ceding of bases in the Azores P O R T U G A L E A S N A Ç Õ E S U N I D A S Portugal e a onu a primeira aproximação David Castaño*


A sample system for handling powdered material under vacuum conditions is described. The system features linear motion of up to 0.25 m and the means for complete isolation of the sample and sample system from external apparatus. The system was designed for the measurement of thermophysical properties of lunar material from Apollo missions under thoroughest possible prevention of contamination.


Most of the areas of production forest management in Java island spread among East Java, Central Java and West Java. On the other hand, the management of production forests is consequential to the changes in vegetation due to the process of planting and harvesting the plantation. Plantation potential changes will cause changes in carbon storage which is stored in the areas of production forest. Information about patterns of changes in carbon storage, in particular on teak forest, is vital and urgent so that it can be used to help governments to predict and identify deposit patterns or carbon storage and their changes as early as possible. Next, steps to be taken based on the information and the demands of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) program can be determined.  The results showed that there is a correlation between plantation age on biomass content and carbon of teak plantations; the higher the age of the plantation will be followed by an increase in the diameter of the tree, higher biomass storage and carbon content of teak plantations. The biggest biomass and carbon storage stored in research areas are at the tree level in class age IV, whose biomass average is 406.67 ton/ha and carbon average is 101.67 ton/ha. Keywords : teak, sequestration, carbon


In the Philippines, organ donation is regulated under the Organ Donation Act (RA7170) and promoted by the Department of Health through the Philippine Network for Organ Sharing (PHILNOS). The number of organ donors to meet the increasing demand in the country continues to lag. The emergency department (ED) was identified in several foreign studies to be a significant source of successful organ donation. This action research project investigated the attitude and perception of 125 ED healthcare workers (HCWs) from three hospitals in Metro Manila before and after an awareness event. The study reveals that ED nurses and doctors are generally supportive and hold positive perceptions and attitudes toward organ donation. Despite the positive attitude, HCWs seem to be uncomfortable or unwilling to perform tasks important to organ donation such as approaching relatives and management of the deceased organ donor. Future training on organ donation will increase the positive attitude, confidence and likelihood to participate in organ donation and transplant activities. Key words: Organ Donation; Attitude and Perception; Emergency Department


Westley's recent criticism of an earlier article by Darnell is not responsive to the important ideas in that article, but it does highlight differences in some philosophical assumptions worthy of consideration.


Minimizing functionals in the space of probability distributions can be done with Wasserstein gradient flows. To solve them numerically, a possible approach is to rely on the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme which is analogous to the proximal scheme in Euclidean spaces. However, it requires solving a nested optimization problem at each iteration, and is known for its computational challenges, especially in high dimension. To alleviate it, very recent works propose to approximate the JKO scheme leveraging Brenier's theorem, and using gradients of Input Convex Neural Networks to parameterize the density (JKO-ICNN). However, this method comes with a high computational cost and stability issues. Instead, this work proposes to use gradient flows in the space of probability measures endowed with the sliced-Wasserstein (SW) distance. We argue that this method is more flexible than JKO-ICNN, since SW enjoys a closed-form differentiable approximation. Thus, the density at each step can be parameterized by any generative model which alleviates the computational burden and makes it tractable in higher dimensions.


Aims:  Desmodia are leguminous plants used as important forage and herbal medicine in China. Little information is available about the nodule bacteria of Desmodium species. To understand the genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Desmodium species grown in China, isolates from temperate and subtropical regions were obtained and analysed.


Olympic soul,as the philosophical basis and essence of Olympics,is considered as the highest principle and value system for modern competition by Gu Baidan,who was the founder of Olympics.Its purpose is to achieve full-scale development and promote the society's peace.Modern Olympics' practical ways are guided by the Olympic Soul.China is one of the most ancient cultural countries.Chinese civilization can be extended so long because ancient values and culture were founded and improved.When we compare cultural value and thinking system with Olympic soul,we will find similarity and consistency between Chinese traditional humanism,thinking system and modern Olympic soul system which is taken as essence of human civilization.


INTRODUCTION: Low Back Pain (LBP) constitutes a public health problem as almost every individual is expected to experience LBP at least once during their lifetime. OBJECTIVE: This study is done to determine the prevalence of LBP and associated factors in an urban Nigerian community. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This cross-sectional household survey randomly selected 741 subjects using a 4-stage sampling technique. Data were obtained through a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Association between categorical variables and LBP was analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model (?=0.05). RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 41.32 ± 15.24 years. The point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of LBP were 31.2%, 61.1%, and 70.6% respectively. Aged 40 years and above (p=0.006), being an artisan (p=0.005) or trader (p=0.007) compared to being an office worker (p=0.071), and continuously sitting more than 3 to 4 hours (p<0.001) are factors significantly associated with LBP. Others are transport duration to/from work more than or equal to 30 minutes (p<0.001), computer use (p<0.001), trauma history (p=0.045), never attending a health talk on back care (p<0.001), tobacco smoking history (p=0.006) and having an occasional (p=0.002) or no exercise routine (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: LBP is common among individuals in the study area with a point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of 31.2%, 61.1%, and 70.6% respectively. Interventions on LBP prevention should target correction of identified modifiable associated factors such as poor posture, physical inactivity and lack of information on LBP.


The performance of the weighted sparse Bayesian inference (OGWSBI) algorithm for off-grid coherent DOA estimation is not satisfactory due to the inaccurate weighting information. To increase the estimation accuracy and efficiency, an improved OGWSBI algorithm based on a higher-order off-grid model and unitary transformation for off-grid coherent DOA estimation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to reduce the approximate error of the first-order off-grid model, the steering vector is reformulated by the second-order Taylor expansion. Then, the received data is transformed from complex value to real value and the coherent signals are decorrelated via utilizing unitary transformation, which can increase the computational efficiency and restore the rank of the covariance matrix. Finally, in the real field, the steering vector higher-order approximation model and weighted sparse Bayesian inference are combined together to realize the estimation of DOA. Extensive simulation results indicate that under the condition of coherent signals and low SNR, the estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm is about 50% higher than that of the OGWSBI algorithm, and the calculation time is reduced by about 60%.


The Silk Road pattern (SRP), which is the leading mode of upper-tropospheric meridional wind anomalies over the midlatitude Eurasia, has been widely used to explain the impacts of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) on East Asian climate. However, the relationship between the SNAO and SRP has not been fully elaborated yet. This study classifies the SNAO into two categories according to whether it is closely associated with the SRP or not: the strongly-linked category and weakly-linked category, on the interannual timescale. The SNAO of the strongly-linked category is featured by its concentrated and significant southern pole over the northwestern Europe, and corresponding significant negative (positive) precipitation and upper-tropospheric wind convergence (divergence) anomalies over the northwestern Europe. The wind convergence (divergence) anomalies directly induce the positive (negative) planetary vortex stretching anomalies, which contribute overwhelmingly to positive (negative) Rossby wave source anomalies of the northwestern Europe. These Rossby wave source anomalies, acting as disturbances, further inspire circulation anomalies of surrounding regions, including meridional wind anomalies over the Caspian Sea, which are crucial for the SRP formation. Resultantly the downstream SRP are triggered. All these essential features responsible for a strong SNAO-SRP linkage are weak for the weakly-linked category. The SNAO-SRP correspondence on the inter-decadal timescale is also discussed, and generally similar results are found. Results suggest the importance of shapes for the SNAO southern pole (including the location, the space extent, and the intensity) in determining whether the SNAO can closely link the SRP. Therefore, the shapes of SNAO southern pole should be concerned in the discussion on SNAO's remote impacts.


This guide provides sources for ART 4363 projects. Each source explores graphic design in relation to social advocacy and an overview of contemporary concepts that define "Design for Good." This page lists resources for the project, "TWU Virtual Art Day."


Simple Summary Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants. It is usually available in the form of inorganic phosphate in the plant environment. Yet, most environments contain extremely low amounts of phosphate, causing a major nutritional deficiency for plant life. During their evolution, plants have acquired a number of adaptations that help them to survive chronic phosphate deficit. Many of these adaptations are documented in the scientific literature and show changes in gene expression and modifications in the levels of enzymes and metabolites involved in plant carbon and respiratory metabolism. This research uses potato cells cultivated in vitro to measure major metabolic carbon fluxes (rates at which molecules are processed, consumed or degraded) in response to two phosphate regimes (normal and deficiency). Our results show a remarkable stability of several metabolic fluxes in cells regardless of their phosphate regime. This is the case for the rate at which the carbon source is taken up from the medium. Two important metabolic fluxes used to fuel cell respiration are also not affected by phosphate. In all the experiments, cell age is the main factor affecting carbon metabolic fluxes. These findings lead us to conclude that potato cells maintain stable carbon fluxes during phosphate deficiency. Abstract Nutritional phosphate deficiency is a major limitation to plant growth. Here, we monitored fluxes in pathways supporting respiratory metabolism in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cell cultures growing in control or limiting phosphate conditions. Sugar uptake was quantified using [U-14C]sucrose as precursor. Carbohydrate degradation through glycolysis and respiratory pathways was estimated using the catabolism of [U-14C]sucrose to 14CO2. Anaplerotic carbon flux was assessed by labeling with NaH14CO3. The data showed that these metabolic fluxes displayed distinct patterns over culture time. However, phosphate depletion had relatively little impact on the various fluxes. Sucrose uptake was higher during the first six days of culture, followed by a decline, which was steeper in Pi-sufficient cells. Anaplerotic pathway flux was more important at day three and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the flux between sucrose and CO2 was at a maximum in the mid-log phase of the culture, with a peak at Day 6. Metabolization of [U-14C]sucrose into neutral, basic and acidic fractions was also unaffected by phosphate nutrition. Hence, the well-documented changes in central metabolism enzymes activities in response to Pi deficiency do not drastically modify metabolic fluxes, but rather result in the maintenance of the carbon fluxes that support respiration.


2 4 5 Abstract Perceived competence refers to how good individuals think they are in a specific domain or subdomain. Developmental theories of physical activity motivation (eg, expectancy value theory, competence motivation theory, achievement goal theory, self-determination theory) emphasize the importance of ability beliefs for increasing physical activity motivation and behaviours. Aiming at a more comprehensive review of observed data, this article examines need of Self-Determination, Motivational Progresses & Perceived competence for fostering the standards of participation in Physical Activity & achieving goals in Sports. The understanding and modification of health behavior, including physical activity, has been guided by a cognitive, rationale paradigm. Within this paradigm, change is conceptualized as a linear, deterministic process. However, the conceptual and statistical assumptions underlying this cognitive, linear paradigm may be seriously flawed, and might limit our ability to explain and change health behavior. In particular, such a perspective fails to account for nonlinear, chaotic, and quantum influences on human thought and action. We propose that health behavior change, including diet and activity, is better understood through the lens of chaos theory and principles of self-determination theory & motivational processes. Research consistently shows that youth who express higher perceived physical competence also exhibit higher levels of self-determined motivation and physical activity behaviours such as effort, persistence, frequency, and intensity. Given the strong association between perceptions of competence and motivated behaviour in physical activity settings, knowing how youth judge whether they are capable at physical activities is essential for understanding how to optimally influence youths' physical activity behaviour's. This paper focuses on how these three factors helps to improve quality of participation in Physical Activity & achieving goals in Sports. Need of Self-Determination, Motivational Progresses & Perceived competence for fostering the standards of participation in Physical Activity & achieving goals in Sports


The present invention relates to the preparation of contrast compositions containing the rubidium -81. Furthermore, the present invention relates to, for example, the use of Rubidium -81-containing compositions in diagnostic imaging, such as myocardial imaging. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a contrast composition comprising a solution containing Rb-81 free from radioactive non-Rb impurities. The method includes the step of releasing the Rb-81 cation exchange material bound to Rb-81 resin eluting with cation solution. In another aspect, the present invention provides a contrast composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable solution containing pharmaceutically acceptable radioactive bromine cation solution, manganese, Rb-81 no radioactive non-Rb impurities such as cobalt to provide things.


The distribution of peat land in Jambi Province is an opportunity for the peat community to be able to take advantage of it by planting plants that have a high selling value. This community service activity aims to improve the economy of the peat community through the transfer of knowledge in the form of proper seeding techniques and planting pepper on peat land planted on jelutung as stem stands. This community service activity uses an approach method to participants who are farmers or a combination of farmer groups who own land. This activity began with lectures and presentations on peatland issues and how to manage them, pepper seeding techniques, and planting and maintenance techniques in the field. The results of this community service activity have a positive impact on the life of the peat community in terms of the economy, where apart from farmers selling seeds at a price of Rp. 10,000, -/polybag, also farmers get big profits, reaching Rp. 3.800.000,-/plant/kg dry weight. The results of the activity also made a positive contribution where participants who had already received knowledge transfers could pass on their knowledge to other farmers in Mendahara District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi Province.


This scientific paper presents the cattle market dynamics in Romania during 2007-2013. In order to realize this research there were used certain indicators, as following: herds of cattle, realized beef production, selling price, human consumption, import and export. The data were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Institute of Statistics and Faostat. During the analysis, the presented indicators were modified from a period to another, because of both internal and external factors. Consumption demand is being influenced by: beef price, beef quality, price of other meat categories, consumers incomes, population's food consumption pattern and so on.


This study investigates the major factors influencing foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) in India by incorporating the impacts of structural changes in policies. This is very much relevant in policy making since it portrays which determinants attract and dissuade FTAs. By implementing
 ARDL to cointegration technique on the annual data from 1985 to 2020, it uncovers the long-run relationship between FTAs and its determinants. The estimates obtained from ARDL model interestingly reveal that in the long-run, real GDP of destination, real per capita GDP of source, terrorism
 incidents in source, and air transport connectivity of the destination with major source countries are the crucial determinants that encourage FTAs. In contrast, real exchange rate (RER) of Indian Rupee per US dollar, terrorist incidents, and cognizable crimes in the destination are observed
 to have strong negative impacts and are dissuading FTAs into India. Further, an application of dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) techniques validated the estimates, ensuring robustness of our findings. This knowledge helps the policy making in
 recommending more investment on factors of attraction and dampening the effect of dissuading factors. Identifying a country's strength and weaknesses in tourism helps in a long way to ameliorate FTAs and foreign exchange earnings (FEE).


In this article, we discuss contemporary Ghanaian ethos reflecting on female sexual behavior as a discursive construction that shifts and changes across time and space. Borrowing from Nedra Reynold's concept of ethos as a location, we examine the various social and discourse spaces of different rhetors on female sexual behavior in Ghana and how each establishes ethos through identity formations and language use from various positions of authority. With multiethnic, multilingual, and multiple religious perspectives within the Ghanaian population, how does ethos and moral authority speak persuasively on female sexual behavior? We examine contemporary discourses governing normative female sexual behavior and presentation as revealed in both proverbs and social media to drive the discussion toward how these discourses of female sexual behavior and ethos are discursively constructed in contemporary Ghanaian society.


Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic infection that is the leading cause of disability in the world. In Haiti, LF is considered a national disease, with many people suffering from the disfiguring and disabling effects of the disease. Eradication efforts have been under way since 1997 with projections for no new transmissions by 2020. As eradication nears, the focus has shifted to morbidity management as many patients with LF suffer from the debilitating effects of lymphoedema and hydrocele. Although there is no cure, treatment is available, leading to significant outcomes. Patients managed at the clinic in Leogane achieved reductions in limb volume, improved skin integrity, independence with self-care, enhanced quality of life, improvements in functional abilities and activities of daily living, the ability to return to work and experienced reduced perceptions of social stigma.


Baeyens et al.(1998) claim that Field and Davey's (1997) controversial study of conceptual conditioning offers little threat to current conceptions of evaluative conditioning. This article addresses some of the questions posed by Baeyenset al.First, some criticisms of the conceptual conditioning study appear to be based on a misunderstanding of the procedure. Second, we address the issues surrounding the so-called Type-X procedure. Specifically, we begin by reviewing the status of studies that have used a procedure different from the Type-X procedure. It is then argued that, although the Type-X procedure has been used in only a portion of EC research, it has been used primarily in those studies whose outcome has been used to argue that evaluative conditioning (EC) is functionally distinct from autonomic conditioning. We then review the evidence from non-Type-X procedures that EC is a distinct form of learning. Finally, an attempt is made to explain why between-subject controls should be used as a matter of course in this field of research.


Bishnu C Barik is a professor and a former vice chancellor of Sambalpur University. He has published seven books and more than 50 research papers. His areas of research interest are agrarian studies, labor migration, dam and displacement, irrigation and water management, and social marginalization. Address: Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha 768019, India. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


The mobile web, in a nutshell, and simply has to do with the possibility of accessing the World Wide Web through a mobile device, that is, from a cell phone or from a tablet. The attractiveness of mobile communication technologies is that they allow immediate communication on the move, making it easier for people to come into contact with each other, regardless of time and place. Smartphone applications are leading the digital universe and are now close to being what we invest the most time in all digital media. Some of these applications may not seem readily applicable to libraries, but it is necessary to take into account that other public or private entities are making use of these mobile technologies, and that this can be very valuable in triggering new ideas and initiatives, and That innovation in any arena is built on a knowledge base. Therefore, libraries must take into account the technologies that our users are using to offer new, more robust services without making users leave their comfort zones to integrate the services of the library into the behavioral patterns of daily life of people. At its most basic level, an increasing number of libraries are creating mobile versions of their websites to facilitate their users' access to the contents and services offered by the library. These applications provide information on library services and collections, access to catalog search, digital content, location, schedules and thematic guides through formats adapted to the small screen. But the universe of applications goes further, When we talk about mobile applications in libraries we have to take into account at least three areas of application: applications of libraries. Applications of reading and investigation and useful applications for the daily life


Abstract Preparedness for disaster scenarios is progressively becoming an educational agenda for governments because of diversifying risks and threats worldwide. In disaster-prone Japan, disaster preparedness has been a prioritised national agenda, and preparedness education has been undertaken in both formal schooling and lifelong learning settings. This article examines the politics behind one prevailing policy discourse in the field of disaster preparedness referred to as 'the four forms of aid' – 'kojo [public aid]', 'jijo [self-help]', 'gojo/kyojo [mutual aid]'. The study looks at the Japanese case, however, the significance is global, given that neo-liberal governments are increasingly having to deal with a range of disaster situations whether floods or terrorism, while implementing austerity measures. Drawing on the theory of the adaptiveness of neo-liberalism, the article sheds light on the hybridity of the current Abe government's politics: a 'dominant' neo-liberal economic approach – public aid and self-help – and a 'subordinate' moral conservative agenda – mutual aid. It is argued that the four forms of aid are an effective 'balancing act', and that kyojo in particular is a powerful legitimator in the hybrid politics. The article concludes that a lifelong and life-wide preparedness model could be developed in Japan which has taken a social approach to lifelong learning.


ABSlRACf: After 8 fire burned theSan Dimas Experimental Forest ,nea r Glendo ra.Cali r., in 1960, ahout 350 acres of brushland were converted to grass. Six years later, the frequency and extent of soil slips --a form of gr~ it8tion81 mass movement on thi s acreage was compared with those on comparable sites where brush cover was rec overing naturally after the fir e . Both the area affected and the number of soil slips were about five times greater on the grass -cove r ed areas than on the brush areas. Soil Slippage Increased by Brush Conversion


Mucor javanicus lipase was entrapped in alginate-silica hybrid gel beads with or without simultaneous cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The activity and recovery of activity on immobilization of the enzyme entrapped in the hybrid beads were 1.4 and 1.7 times higher than those of the enzyme entrapped in the simple alginate beads. Entrapment with simultaneous cross-linking in the hybrid beads further improved the enzyme activity (1.6 times) and activity recovery (1.7 times) compared to those of the enzyme entrapped in the hybrid beads without simultaneous cross-linking. The leakage of the enzyme entrapped in the hybrid beads with simultaneous cross-linking was only 50% that of the enzyme entrapped in the simple alginate beads.


Background Asthma is characterized by increases in mature eosinophils and their progenitors within the bronchus and bone marrow. IL‐5 plays a key role in eosinophil development in the bone marrow and at the site of allergic inflammation. We therefore studied the effects of nebulized IL‐5 on eosinophils, their progenitors and in situ haemopoiesis within the airway and bone marrow.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between identity crisis and suicide resilience and quality of life in adolescents with burns in Iranian society.


The authors present a formal model of linear array processors suitable for VLSI implementation as well as graph representation of programs suitable for execution on such a model. A distinction is made between correct mapping and correct execution of such graphs on this model. A complete characterization of the structure of a class of correctly mappable graphs is obtained. The formalism developed is used to synthesize algorithms for this model. 12 references.


Like manned aircraft, UAVs need the capability to timely detect and avoid other traffic. In case of a fully autonomous detect, sense and avoid system, every falsely identified threat will cause an unnecessary avoidance maneuver. Furthermore, information that is not explicitly available to the avoidance function cannot be taken into account when computing a maneuver. Given a situation where the time to conflict provides sufficient margin, involving the human operator in the detect, sense and avoid cycle can mitigate these issues. With the appropriate level of system authority, it is possible to combine collision avoidance function availability and continuity (e.g. in case of a control link failure) with the benefits that can be obtained from operator involvement. This paper discusses the integration of conflict probing data into a cockpit display of traffic information and into an enhanced/synthetic vision primary flight display. The resulting user interface concept is intended to support the operator in the assessment of the traffic situation, providing an adequate understanding of the impact of maneuvering on the future separation with traffic. Following this, the design of an experiment to explore the impact of the conflict probes on conflict assessment and maneuvering is presented. Results from an initial evaluation show an improvement in the assessment of the traffic situation, resulting in more effective and efficient conflict resolution maneuvers, and less unwarranted maneuvers.