Purpose: This study was conducted in order to define factors influencing learned helplessness in undergraduates. Independent variables including external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger, and anger expression were used to predict learned helplessness. Methods: Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. A total of 241 undergraduates recruited from September to November 2012 were included in the study. Results: Four factors of learned helplessness were founded to show significant correlation with external entrapment, internal entrapment, social support, trait anger, state anger and anger expression. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 64% of the variance in learned helplessness was significantly accounted for by internal entrapment, social support and anger expression. Conclusion: This study showed that perceived entrapment and social support are important predictors of learned helplessness. Therefore, in order to reduce learned helplessness in undergraduates, it is necessary to design an intervention program with strategies to help in coping with and reducing perceived entrapments.


The objective of the study is to evaluate the individual main effects and combined (or interaction) effects of β cyclodextrin (βCD), poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30) and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the solubility and dissolution rate of efavirenz in a series of 2 3 factorial experiments. The solubility of efavirenz in eight selected fluids containing βCD, PVP K30 and SLS as per 2 3 factorial study was determined. The solubility of efavirenz was markedly enhanced by βCD (3.01 fold), PVP K30 (2.49 fold) and SLS (226.96 fold) individually. Combination of βCD with PVP K30 and SLS gave a markedly higher enhancement in the solubility of efavirenz than is possible with them individually. βCD in combination with PVP K30 and SLS gave respectively 4.07 and 401.89 fold increase in the solubility of efavirenz. Solid inclusion complexes of efavirenz - βCD were prepared with and without PVP K30 and SLS as per 2 3 -factorial design by kneading method and were evaluated. ANOVA indicated that the individual main effects of βCD, PVP K30 and SLS and their combined effects in enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate (K 1 )and dissolution efficiency (DE30 ) were highly significant (P < 0.01).βCD alone gave a 16.02 fold increase in the dissolution rate of efavirenz. βCD in combination with PVP K30 and SLS gave respectively 18.09 and 21.67 fold increase in the dissolution rate of efavirenz. βCD in combination with both PVP K30 and SLS gave highest enhancement (35.27 fold) in the dissolution rate of efavirenz. Combination of βCD with PVP K30 and SLS has markedly enhanced the solubility as well as dissolution rate of efavirenz than is possible with them individually. Hence a combination of βCD with PVP K30 and / or SLS is recommended to enhance the solubility and dissolution


Dr. Freeman A. Hrabowski, President of UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) since 1992, has been named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by TIME (2012) and one of America's Best Leaders by U.S. News & World Report (2008), he also received TIAA-CREF's Theodore M. Hesburgh Award for Leadership Excellence (2011), the Carnegie Corporation's Academic Leadership Award (2011), and the Heinz Award (2012) for contributions to improving the "Human Condition." More recently, he received the American Council on Education's Lifetime Achievement Award (2018) and was named a recipient of the University of California, Berkeley's Clark Kerr Award (2019). UMBC has been recognized as a model for inclusive excellence by such publications as U.S. News, which the past 10 years has recognized UMBC as a national leader in academic innovation and undergraduate teaching.


The present invention provides a composition and method for improving the fuel efficiency of the hydrocarbon fuel input to the engine. A The composition comprises (a) fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or at least one of these mixtures, (b) and dialkanolamine, propoxylated and / or butoxylated reaction product. The composition is added to the hydrocarbon fuel in an amount of from about 5 to about 2000 ppm. .BACKGROUND


---External morphological variation in the Lopidea nigridia "complex" of western North America was examined using principal component analysis and showed continuous variation among populations in most characters. External morphology did not parallel paramere structure and did not substantiate previously recognized species. There was little correlation between dorsal coloration and paramere structure. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) using paramere and color characters failed to group populations coded as the same species and also failed to group all specimens ofany one population. The variation in structure of the parameres and vesicae among populations of the nigridia complex was no greater than the interpopulational variation of these structures in the congeneric species marginata Uhler. Lopidea nigridia Uhler is treated as a polytypic species comprising three subspecies: Lopidea nigridia nigridia Uhler, a fuscous-white form from the sagebrush steppe of the Great Basin and the chaparral of southern California; Lopidea nigridia serica Knight, a solid red form from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Alberta to Colorado and east across the northern Great Plains to southern Manitoba; Lopidea nigridia aculeata Van Duzee, a polymorphic form varying from solid red to fuscous red and white from the Cascade Mountains and eastern slopes ofthe coastal ranges of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, the Blue and Wallawa mountains of Oregon and Washington, and throughout the Coastal and Sierra Nevada ranges of California. The following new synonymies are created: Lopidea nigridia nigridia Uhler = Lopidea raineri Knight, Lopidea sculleni Knight, Lopidea rolfsi Knight, and Lopidea wilcoxi Knight; Lopidea nigridia aculeata Van Duzee = Lopidea nigridea hirta Van Duzee, Lopidea usingeri Van Duzee, Lopidea discreta Van Duzee, Lopideafallax Knight, Lopidea yakima Knight, Lopidea audeni Knight, Lopidea eriogoni Knight, Lopidea calcaria Knight, Lopidea chamberlini Knight, Lopidea angustata Knight, Lopidea rubrofusca Knight, and Lopidea flavicostata Knight and Schaffner; Lopidea nigridia serica Knight = Lopidea medleri Akingbohungbe. Lopidea Uhler comprises over 100 described species from Central and North America (Henry and Wheeler 1988). Most are large (>5.0 mm), brightly colored plant bugs displaying some pattern of contrasting redblack or yellow-black coloration. There is no taxonomic revision of the genus, but most species were described in a series ofpapers by Knight (1917, 1918a, 1918b, 1923, 1962, 1965) and Knight and Schaffner (1968, 1972). Many species are superficially very similar in habitus, and most have been distinguished by the form of the right paramere. This structure is relatively uniform in any given species but extremely variable in size and form among different species of Lopidea. It appears that this is the most valuable diagnostic character available for distinguishing different species of Lopidea, aside from the vesica. External and internal male genitalia are now widely used to differentiate taxa in certain groups of Heteroptera, but detailed studies of the variation in these structures are lacking. In the Orthotylini, males often have elaborate parameres and vesicae, and differences in these structures are used to define species (Kelton 1959, Stonedahl and Schwartz 1986). The limits of the variation of these structures in populations and throughout the range of species need to be defined. Several species of Lopidea described from western North America have parameres very similar if not identical to an earlier described species, Lopidea nigridia Uhler. I undertook the present study to resolve the taxonomy of this group, which I refer to as the nigridia "'complex." In this paper I describe the morphological, genitalic, and color variation within this complex and document the characters that unite it as a single taxonomic unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over 3,000 specimens from throughout the range of Lopidea were examined during the course of this study. Male specimens with 'Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Present address: University of Hawaii, College ofTropical Agriculture, Kauai Branch Station, 7370-A Kuamoo Road, Kapaa, Hawaii 96746.


INTRODUCTION: Tennis can be characterized as a strength-power sport requiring athletes to express intermittent bouts of high power outputs over an extended period of time (Kovacs, 2007). It is not uncommon for athletes to achieve ball velocities of 134-201 km∙h with average point lengths of <10s, and work to rest ratios of 1:3-1:5. To achieve this, athletes need to be able to impart high ground reaction forces with their lower extremities, which are transferred through the trunk to the shoulder and arm (Chandler, 1995). While there are many studies evaluating tennis players in cross-section, there is a paucity of longitudinal research on tennis athletes (Kraemer et al., 2000; Salonikidis & Zafeiridis, 2008). The available studies are <9 months in duration and do not take into consideration individual adaptations to training. Studies spanning multiple years of an athlete's career have been conducted with other athletes (e.g. Baker, 2001; French et al., 2004; Kavanaugh et al., 2014). The results from these studies suggest the greatest performance gains (e.g. squat jump power output, maximal strength, rate of force development) occur within the first or second year of training. There also appears to be an inverse relationship between volume of training and explosiveness (Baker, 2001; Stone, Stone, & Sands, 2007). Longitudinal monitoring of an athlete's physical performance can provide insight to coaches on the effectiveness of the training program and how tennis athletes respond differently to a given stimulus. Thus, the purpose of the study was to describe changes in anthropometrics, strength, explosiveness, and agility performance of a female tennis athlete over a 2.62 year period.


With 12 environmental basic facilities (EBF) in Busan, each business place"s present situation of the operation of new and renewable energy as well as the feasibility to establish additional systems of utilizing solar energy (photovoltaic power generation system [PPGS] and solar heating system [SHS]) were investigated. Currently, with the environmental basic facilities, the new and renewable energies (such as, waste heat, biogas, PPGS, SHS, and small hydro power) can produce 195 GWh per year as electric power unit. Among the energy sources, except waste heat, biogas (154 GWh/yr) appears as the highest. Next, PPGS is the second most widely used system and produces 5,560 MWh/yr at 11 business places. Through a field survey, it appears that 19 business places of total 27 places at 12 EBFs have good locational conditions and they need an introduction of PPGS. Through it, it is investigated that it would be possible to produce 5,311 MWh/yr and to reduce 2,348 tCO₂/yr. And, it is identified that SHS can be additionally introduced in only 4 EBFs. This can reduce energy cost as much as one ten million won/yr and green-house gas as much as 28 tCO₂/yr. A cost-benefic analysis shows that the use of governmental support or private investment can be the most efficient way, when PPGS and SHS are introduced in EBFs.


When we hope to explain and perhaps vindicate a practice that is internally diverse, philosophy faces a methodological challenge. Such subject matters are likely to have explanatorily basic features that are not necessary conditions. This prompts a move away from analysis to some other kind of philosophical explanation. This paper proposes a paradigm based explanation of one such subject matter: blame. First, a paradigm form of blame is identified—'Communicative Blame'—where this is understood as a candidate for an explanatorily basic form of blame. Second, its point and purpose in our lives is investigated and found to reside in its power to increase the alignment of the blamer and the wrongdoer's moral understandings. Third, the hypothesis that Communicative Blame is an explanatorily basic form of blame is tested out by seeing how far other kinds of blame can reasonably be understood as derivative, especially in respect of blame's point and purpose. Finally, a new and quasi-political worry about blame is raised.


Side-scan sonar surveys, augmented with echo-sounding, have revealed a series of columnar bodies, broken into segments, lying on the bed of the Tay Estuary at the southern end of the first Tay Railway Bridge. These are, with the aid of archive material, interpreted as the remains of 11 twin, brick uprights (Pier Nos. 4–14) that survived the infamous Tay Bridge Disaster of 1879, but were demolished after the opening of the new railway bridge. The piers in question, along with three farther to the south (Nos. 1–3), supported the southernmost 1550 feet (ca. 470 m) of the 2-mile structure, the only part of that ill-fated bridge which was built to the original plans of its designer, Thomas Bouch. They have lain forgotten on the bed of the Tay Estuary for over 100 years. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


These days, using robots has gradually been extending from the limited industrial areas in factories to service areas for the general public in everyday life. It is possible to imagine that end users easily control robots and they define new services by themselves as they wish in the near future. However, there are three issues to resolve to realize the future. Firstly, it is required to abstract robots' behaviors from primitive robot functions, and secondly, we need context awareness in order to provide users with the appropriate services. Lastly end users can define the robot services easily. In this paper, we propose three layered middleware architecture for automated robot services to resolve the problems. The lowest layer abstracts robots' behaviors in functional level, and the middle layer provides users with robot services based on the situational information. And the highest layer defines robot services by sequential order. End users can define practically a flow of robot services by using an intuitive GUI. We showed the availability and effectiveness of the layered middleware architecture with a prototype system, which presents the facile definition of robot services in application level, the control process of robot service, and the abstraction process of robot services.


The Bonny method guided imagery and music (GIM) is a depth approach to therapy that uses music to support letting go of cognitive control to explore different levels of consciousness. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a third-wave behavior therapy focusing on using mindfulness, acceptance, and spirituality to support clients in increasing psychological flexibility. While on the surface the two approaches may appear very different, when used in conjunction, they can synergistically work together to amplify the other's effects. This paper provides background information on both modalities as well as a case study illustrating how ACT was used to guide the GIM process of a male client learning how to let go of control.


SUBTITLE: AS A REPERCUSSION OF RAPIDLY INCREASING TRADE FLOWS, THE NORTH OF CHINA IS SEEING AN EXPLOSION IN PORT DEVELOPMENTS BACKED BY FOREIGN INVESTMENT.


Two dry forests of southwestern Ecuador separated 43 km from each other, one situated at 460 m above sea level and the other at 680 m, are surveyed for ants giving a total of 28 species collected manually and from pitfall traps. Eleven species are shared between the sites whilst four are exclusive to one site and 13 to other. Differences in humidity, rainfall seasonality, and disturbance regimes may account for at least part of the differences observed between the ant communities of the two sites. Dorymyrmex pyramicus peruvianum Wheeler, 1919 and Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890) are reported from Ecuador for the first time. Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, 1881 and Camponotus conspicuus zonatus Emery, 1894 are reported from mainland Ecuador for the first time. The genus Dorymyrmex Mayr, 1866 is recorded from Ecuador for the first time.


This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author BF designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and first draft of the manuscript. Author EAA and Author COC managed the analyses of the study. Author COC managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: To describe our initial experience regarding the low vision services offered in our center, a oculocutaenous albinism. Posterior segment disorders constituted the majority of cases seen. Telescopes and spectacle magnifiers were the most prescribed low vision aid. Conclusion: The findings in our study are similar to those reported in other studies however the prevalence is low. There may be poor uptake of these services in our setting possibly due to lack of awareness of the availability of such services. It is hoped that these findings will guide in the planning and implementation of low vision services and the strengthening of the existing ones.


Normal clotting is essential for stopping blood loss after an injury. But abnormal clotting or thrombosis means clotting when there is no apparent injury. An abnormal clot in a blood vessel is called a thrombus, and it may completely plug the vessel. For example, a thrombus may plug an artery that provides blood to the heart muscle, causing a heart attack, or acute myocardial infarction. Another may plug a large leg vein, causing deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Pieces of venous clots may break off, travel to the lungs or brain, and plug an artery. These pieces are called emboli. An embolus that travels to the brain causes a stroke. One that goes to the arteries in the lungs is called a pulmonary embolism (PE), often fatal. This is an article about venous thrombosis. Many good articles on arterial thrombosis may be found on the web site of the American Heart Association.


To examine the influence of gender, having been the target of sexual harassment, and ethnicity on jury decisions, 215 respondents reviewed 17 sexual harassment cases ranging on a continuum from relatively innocent to severe. Respondents indicated their perception of the offensiveness of the cases as well as whether they would vote for the plaintiff or for the defendant. Jurors voting for the plaintiff also indicated whether monetary damages should be awarded. Results of the study indicate that gender and prior experience with sexual harassment affect the outcomes in sexual harassment cases when behaviors can be classified as ambiguous. Results were mixed for the influence of gender and having been sexually harassed for relatively innocent and severe cases. No ethnicity effects were found. A discussion of the legal implications of these findings is included.


In this research, we are focusing on the reduction of confirmation bias of provision of information and knowledge. Nowadays, it is very common to provide customized information that users need. This kind of a service is applied to everywhere such as e-commerce sites, YouTube social networks, search engines, news sites, online-contents services delivery sites and so on. However, this unfortunately puts the risk of being open only to narrow information. Thus, they may be separated from the general information. In an environment where custom information is common, we are exposed to vulnerability to acquire the balanced knowledge. Therefore, this study proposes a method to reduce possible confirmation bias using knowledge graph with semantic structured data. For the calculation of similarity of associative and contrast between comparatives, we adopt the MSSD and MDSD using Boolean logical processing.


The invention relates to a method for producing an optical fiber (1) having an enlarged diameter fiber end (1c). In order to avoid the transition from the larger to the smaller diameter increased absorption of the injected light, in particular laser light of high power, it is proposed that a partial length (6) of a length (4) of the optical fiber (1) in a heating region (5) accommodated and the heated part length (6) is compressed in the longitudinal fiber direction by nachgeschoben the length portion (4) on one side of the heating region (5) towards the heating zone (5) and pulled out on the opposite side in the same direction from the heating region (5) is, wherein the length portion (4) nachgeschoben each stronger than is pulled out. The invention further relates to a corresponding device.


Alkaline earth fluoride crystals doped with trivalent lanthanide ions have been studied as model systems for the solid state defect equilibria important in all solids. Problems have arisen in these systems because the behavior does not agree qualitatively with the expected behavior. Most explanations attribute the problems to competing defect equilibria which were previously not considered. In this paper, we have measured the concentrations of all the lanthanide defect sites as a function of both annealing temperature and dopant concentration. Clusters are seen to be an important part of these defect equilibria and could be contributing competing equilibria. At high annealing temperatures, however, the site distribution simplifies so there can be no competing equilibria and yet the anomalous behavior remains. Nonideality effects must be responsible for this behavior.


The subset-sum problem is a well-known NP-complete decision problem. Many parallel algorithms have been developed to solve the problem within a reasonable computation time, and some of them have been implemented on a GPU. However, the GPU implementations of these parallel algorithms may fail to fully utilize all the CPU cores and the GPU resources at the same time. When the GPU performs some tasks, only one CPU core is used to control the GPU, all the rest of CPU cores are in idle state, this leads to large amounts of available CPU resources are wasted. This paper proposes a novel CPU-GPU cooperative implementation of a parallel two-list algorithm to efficiently solve the subset-sum problem in a heterogeneous CPU-GPU system, which enables the efficient utilization of all the available computational resources of both CPUs and GPUs. In order to find the most appropriate task distribution ratio between CPUs and GPUs, this paper establishes an optimal task distribution model. A series of experiments are conducted on two different hardware platforms. The experimental results show that the CPU-GPU cooperative implementation produces a speedup factor of 9.2 over the best sequential implementation, achieves up to 96.3% performance improvement over the optimized CPU-only implementation, and yields up to 25.7% performance improvement over the optimized GPU-only implementation.


Characteristics of the new society and workers imply an interplay of the personal and professional spheres of life. As the boundaries between personal and professional life become more blurred and jobs increasingly interdependent, human resources scholars point to the importance of positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace. This paper thus examines the social networks of employees of the Republic of Croatia and explores the connection that developed social networks have with employee's own perception of their job. The perception of the job has been transformed into a quantitative form, using scale instruments in a survey questionnaire. The results of the research show a strong connection of concepts and indicate further research opportunities in this scientific field. It is interesting to note that employees who have more social networks have a better perception of social characteristics (social support and feedback) than employees who have fewer social networks within the company. The same conclusion was reached for the variable of interactions with employees of partner companies.


Automatic classification of brain tumors is a challenging task to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system. Identifying a tumor of correct type leads to better treatment decisions and survival of the patient. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique is commonly used in brain tumor classification. It gives structural details of the brain and does not use any ionizing radiations for imaging. The manual classification of a brain tumor depends upon the availability of expert radiologists. Deep learning has shown significant performance for medical image segmentation and classification problems. This paper presents a brain tumor multi-classification system to classify brain tumors into three different types Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors, using CNN based deep learning architecture. The model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset that contains 3064 T1 weighted MRI images of 233 patients. MRI images are pre-processed, augmented, and given to the proposed system with the CNN model for classification. It achieves remarkable performance with an average accuracy of 97 % and outperforms many existing methods. This can be used as a decision support system for clinical experts for brain tumor multi-classification.


. We single out certain representations of compact open subgroups of G-2 over a p-adic field and show they play a role in the representation theory of 02 similar to minimal if-types in the theory of real groups.


We aim to show how parameter-robust numerical method may be employed to solve equations arising in the modeling of wave-current interactions. We present two such models: a complete flow model for wave-current interaction in the presence of weakly turbulent flow leading to an Orr-Sommerfeld type problem, and a system of two singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations from a k - ǫ turbulence model. The numerical results are compared with experimental data.


The article reveals the characteristics and differences of the innovation process in the countries-leaders and countries-outsiders in innovations. Also the contents of the innovation process of the leaders in innovations are displayed here. In the end there are proposals for using the most perspective models of the innovation development for the Republic of Moldova.


Known as one of the Cognitive Radio (CR) transceiver technologies, the transform domain communication system (TDCS) has the characteristic of low probability of intercept (LPI) and the capability of multiple access (MA). In this paper, basing on the random phase mapping, the characteristics of the pseudorandom (PR) phase vector and the Basis Function (BF) are investigated. After that, two methods of generating random phase, the least common multiple method and the equal interval method are proposed, which both can generate the PR phase vector and the BF of TDCS. In matlab, simulation results indicate that the two methods both can generate the BFs, which have the characteristic of strong autocorrelation and weak crosscorrelation in TDCS.


Purpose – This research pinpoints the limitations of conventional models for evaluating the performance of hedge funds and attempts to provide a new framework for modeling the dynamics of risk structures of hedge funds.

Methodology/approach – This chapter aims to explore how the systematic risk exposures of hedge funds vary over time and depend on exogenous variables that managers are supposed to use in their dynamic investment strategies. To achieve this, we used a Bayesian time-varying CAPM-based beta model within a state space technology.

Findings – The results showed that the volatility, term spread rate, and shocks in liquidity influence significantly on the time variation of hedge funds. Besides, the dynamics of beta indicates that the transmission channels of systematic risk are mainly the leverage levels of hedge funds and liquidity shocks.

Originality/value of chapter – These results are original because they help to explain how expected and unexpected hedge fund returns are correlated with the systematic risk factors via the beta dynamics.


All institutions aim at understanding the issue of the organisational commitment. Hence, the goal of the current study is to propose a conceptual model for understanding the factors influencing organisational commitment that can be used to study and address the institutions-related challenges. The current paper is based on reviewing the organisational commitment literature that focuses on the behavioural aspects, particularly the perspectives of the social exchange and social influence. Consequently, three major factors were identified as having an effect on organisational commitment of the universities' employees. These major factors include public spirit, ethics, and peer influence. Therefore, the current study contributes to the state of knowledge and literature related to the organisational commitment, particularly in the field of the behavioural aspects. This therefore provides a guide to administrations for maximization their efforts and encouraging the employees' commitment. The lack of organisational commitment possibly has an effect on the organisations' performance and efficiency, thereby discouraging its development.


Experiences with the development and introduction of integrated control measures in Baden-Wurttemberg. The first experiences with the integrated control were won in apple orchards. A fundamental inventory of the apple tree fauna was established and was followed by testing the influences of pesticides on the animals living there. On the course of the predatory work quantitative methods of the faunistical sampling were improved and accordingly the economic thresholds for the most important apple pests were ascertained. Data obtained have made possible the first field-trials on large plots. It was found that this procedure does not function only, but also it works commercially with more benefits.

Since there was no qualified advisory system, plant protection officers were trained; however, they have not enough time for that special task and no time at all for checking the orchards of interested farmers. That was the reason why the latter themselves have been trained. This is still to be considered as a model, since it is a question of 150 growers with a total area of about 650 hectares only. Results obtained till now are satisfactory. The state government is intending to expand the apple area with integrated control to about 5000 hectares.

In the same area, preparatory investigations have started to develop integrated control for stone- and soft fruit cultures as well as for vegetable crops. Results obtained already show that integrated control is also possible for annual crops with normal plant rotation, if the area as a whole is considered and not only the crop species.


To construct the modern human resources management system at the school must grasp exactly its connotation,and must master correctly the differences between the modern human resources management and the traditional personnel management,and must be oriented around the following cores: transforming the conception,organizing scientifically and improving the efficiency.


This report summarizes the results of a duration noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the Viryd CS8 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with Clause 9.4 of the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind turbines - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed. 2.0:2006-03. NREL researchers evaluated the turbine based on structural integrity and material degradation, quality of environmental protection, and dynamic behavior.


On cardiovascular systems, oxazolazepam caused slight hypotension and depression of heart rate in larger doses but no significant effects on respiration, ECG and responses to autonomic drugs. These effects were weaker than those by chlordiazepoxide. On isolated organs, oxazolazepam exhibited more effect than chlordiazepoxide. Other effects, such as miosis, hypothermia, constipation and physical dependence liability were less demonstrated by oxazolazepam than by chlordiazepoxide. Emetic, antiinflammatory and diuretic actions were not seen by these drugs. Subacute toxicity by oxazolazepam for 5 weeks was definitely less than by chlordiazepoxide.


The modeling of complex shapes usually requires a well-based space of splines. The aim of this work is to give the construction method of such spline space basis over the chosen class of triangulations. This basis has several useful properties — local minimal support, low degree of polynomials. We also present several problems, that arise in lower-degree polynomials.


Focus appears as a heterogeneous phenomenon. Stress, clefts, extraposition, focus morphology, all induce focus. An empirical task of the linguist is to determine at what level. if any, these phenomena are unified. Chomsky's (1981) scope-theoretic approach to focal stress suggests a structural unification at LF. Rooth (1985) offers that the unification is interpretive (see also Kratzer (1989), Rooth (1992), Bonomi and Casalegno ( 1992), Krifka (1991»). This paper shows that an adequate treatment of the French bi-partite ne que construction (1) does not reduce to either the scope-theory view of focus or to purely interpretive treatments. I propose an analysis where the properties of the ne que construction follow from the interaction of syntax and semantics. Note that the ne can be dropped at least in informal conversation. I am assuming here that when phonetically absent, ne is nonetheless semantically present


Term pups from 6 insulin diabetic dogs were compared to controls from 6 litters after 0,3,6,9 and 24 hrs of neonatal fasting. Fetal cerebral glucose (CG) levels were elevated in IDMs (N=8) (5.45±0.98 vs 1.87±0.28 μ mol/g)+ but equalized by 3 hrs as IDM levels declined and controls increased. Cerebral glycogen(Gly) was increased in fetal IDMs (3.45±0.61 vs 1.66±0.16). Gly was equivalent to controls at 3,6 and 9 hrs and was lower than controls at 24 hrs (1.54±0.21 vs 2.46±0.24). Cerebral glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate and lactate (L) were similar during the day except L was elevated in IDMs at 24 hrs. Cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratios were unaffected, as were citrate, α-ketoglutarate and malate. IDM calculated oxaloacetate levels were elevated at 0,3 and 9 hrs. ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphocreatine levels were equivalent at all times. Cerebral glutamate and aspartate were higher among IDMs throughout the study while alanine was elevated only after birth. Glutamine was higher in the IDMs at 6 and 24 hrs. Cerebral ammonia levels were not affected. Though gamma aminobutyrate was elevated in fetal IDMs (1.26±0.14 vs 0.915±0.15) this did not persist. These data suggest that maternal canine diabetes 1) ↑fetal cerebral Gly stores, and 2) ↑fetal and neonatal cerebral amino acid pools. As CG is an important precursor of cerebral amino acids, ↑fetal CG provision may result in augmented cerebral amino acid pools. Alternately, ample G supply may spare cerebral amino acid utilization. Nonetheless, fetal cerebral substrate stores are enhanced.*Deceased +Mean±SE


In spite of this widespread and critical importance of fluid conveying pipes, they suffer from major problems. One of these problems is the problem of vibrations that cause the collapse of the systems completely and cause significant economic losses if not avoided. Where, fluid conveying pipes are used in all hydraulic systems and enter in all industrial fields, such as water, petroleum products and gases of all kinds. For this reason, the researchers have dealt with this issue in all years, but the problem is not over. This research will highlight the problem of controlling the vibrations resulting from fluid flow inside the pipes, in addition to the study of reducing the vibrations of these pipes. This study is carried out by deriving differential equations for pipes and for different types of fixation. The research has studied the response and the natural frequency; the dynamic behavior of different types of stabilization of the pipes in the presence with no hydraulic damping (active control); and monitoring the response and stability of each case of stabilization. Where, in this paper using root locus technique to calculate the control for pipe conveying fluid. Thus, the investigation included calculated the effect for different damper parameters and fluid on the pipe stability. There, this work is expansion for previous study investigated the control for pipe vibration with using other stability and control theories, and comparison for presenting results with previous results, therefore, form comparison results found that the loot locus technique is a good technique can be using to investigation the stability and control for pipe fluid. Copyright © 2020 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


Traditionally, case-based reasoning (CBR) has been used as advanced technique for representing expert knowledge and reasoning. However, for stochastic business data such as customers' behavior and users' preferences, the knowledge cannot be extracted directly from data to build the cases in reasoning in making prediction. Artificial Neural Network that is known to be able to build model for predicting unprecedented business data is used together with Shannon Entropy and Information Gain (IG) to identify the key features. 8 attributes have been identified as key features from the 17 attributes which are based on the telemarketing data. These attributes are used to select the key features in building CBR. The weightage for the key features in the cases is obtained from the IG values. The mechanism of creating the cases based on the input from the ANN is discussed and the integration process between ANN and CBR is given. The process of integrating the ANN and CBR shows that both techniques complement each other in building a model in predicting a customer who would subscribe one of the promoted new banking service called "term deposit".


The middle-aged PSR J0357+3205 is a nearby, radio-quiet, bright γ-ray pulsar discovered by the Fermi mission. Our previous Chandra observation revealed a huge, very peculiar structure of diffuse X-ray emission originating at the pulsar position and extending for >9′ on the plane of the sky. To better understand the nature of such a nebula, we have studied the proper motion of the parent pulsar. We performed relative astrometry on Chandra images of the field spanning a time baseline of 2.2 yr, unveiling a significant angular displacement of the pulsar counterpart, corresponding to a proper motion of 0.″165 ± 0.″030 yr−1 at a position angle (P.A.) of 314° ± 8°. At a distance of ∼500 pc, the space velocity of the pulsar would be of ∼390 km s−1 assuming no inclination with respect to the plane of the sky. The direction of the pulsar proper motion is aligned very well with the main axis of the X-ray nebula (P.A. = 315.°5 ± 1.°5), pointing to a physical, yet elusive, link between the nebula and the pulsar space velocity. No optical emission in the Hα line is seen in a deep image collected at the Gemini telescope, which implies that the interstellar medium into which the pulsar is moving is fully ionized.


Disclosure statutes have not been the focus of much scholarly attention, particularly in the legal academy. This lack of attention is unfortunate because the design of disclosure laws is crucial in several ways. First, the constitutional test applied to campaign finance laws, including disclosure, requires that statutes be narrowly tailored to serve an important state interest. In addition, targeting is important for the effectiveness of disclosure laws. Voters have limited time and attention, so they should be provided the information most crucial to improving their ability to vote consistently according to their preferences. Finally, current experience with campaign regulation demonstrates that entities adopt strategies to circumvent restrictions, so statutes must be drafted to reduce opportunities for evasion. This study sheds light on some of the evasive tactics by political entities that wish to avoid disclosure relating to the source and extent of their spending on ballot questions. These veiled political actors (VPAs) take advantage of regulatory loopholes to spend substantial amounts of money to influence the outcomes of initiative and referendum elections while avoiding publicity of their efforts. Part I describes the interest served by disclosure beyond enforcing other campaign finance regulations or exposing quid pro quo corruption of candidates. We argue that improving voter competence is the most persuasive rationale in direct democracy and leads to various conclusions about the structure of effective disclosure laws. In Part II, we assess the jurisprudence relating to disclosure statutes in direct democracy to provide a sense of the legal hurdles such statutes must overcome, hurdles that become more daunting the more burdensome disclosure is for political actors. The jurisprudence suggests that targeted disclosure statutes will survive judicial scrutiny. Part III presents our description and analysis of various VPAs organized under federal and state laws that are used currently to evade disclosure restrictions in initiative campaigns. Part IV provides preliminary conclusions.


Despite the increase in methodological sophistication and complexity of models being tested for international student adjustment to universities in the United States (U.S.), researchers often do not test or control for salient demographic differences between students, including their educational status (i.e., graduate or undergraduate) and country in which they graduated high school. The current study was designed to examine whether demographic variables are associated with a range of social outcomes. Participants (N = 245) from 23 U.S. colleges and universities completed a survey in Fall 2017. Undergraduate students reported having a higher number of close friends at their institution than did graduate students; however, they also reported a lower sense of belonging than did graduate students. Students who graduated from high school in the United States reported less social support from international students at university. Implications for students and for future research are provided.


Objective To investigate the incidence rate and high-risk factors of intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)and its influence on fetal-neonatal healty. Methods 1)The incidence and high-risk factors of IUGR:From Jan.1,2011 to Dec.31,2011,the clinic data of maternal and newborn infants from six hospitals in China were retrospectively analysed.2)The influence of IUGR on fetal-neonatal health:the data from the NICU of Bayi Children's Hospital were analysed. Results 1)The incidence rate of IUGR was 8.77%.The IUGR incidence in females was 9.80% and it was 7.84% in males(P0.05),and the incidence of IUGR in preterm infants(16.43%)was higher than that of term infants(7.87%)(P0.01).2)Logistic analysis showed that hypertensive,abnormal amniotic fluid,and abnormality of umbilical cord were independent factors of IUGR.3)There were significantly higher incidence of complications in IUGR infants including hypoglycemia,asphyxia,hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,gastrointestinal bleeding,congenital malformation,polycythemia,pneumorrhagia,apnea,congenital heart disease,and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Besides,IUGR prolonged their duration of hospital stayed and increased their hospitalization expenses markedly(P0.05). Conclusion The overall incidence of IUGR is as high as 8.77% in China.IUGR has significantly adverse influence on fetal-neonatal health.These data provide some reference for maternal and perinatal health care.


Since the common used direct reading current meter has the disadvantages of high-power consumption,short continuous working time,low reliability and no storage function,a new current meter data acquisition system with low-power consumption and high reliability was designed on the basis of basic principle of the counting interrupt to improve the reliability of the direct reading current meter. The AVR microcomputer ATmega8 is adopted as kernel processor in the data acquisition system. The pulse signal form of underwater part is utilized in the system design. The testing results of prototype machine show that the system features easy operation,stable performance and low cost,and can work continuously for a long time under water. It can fully meet the requirements of various current measurements.


The destitution of image data and corresponding expert annotations limit the training capacities of AI diagnostic models and potentially inhibit their performance. To address such a problem of data and label scarcity, generative models have been developed to augment the training datasets. Previously proposed generative models usually require manually adjusted annotations (e.g., segmentation masks) or need pre-labeling. However, studies have found that these pre-labeling based methods can induce hallucinating artifacts, which might mislead the downstream clinical tasks, while manual adjustment could be onerous and subjective. To avoid manual adjustment and pre-labeling, we propose a novel controllable and simultaneous synthesizer (dubbed CS$$


ABSTRACT:Volatility is an essential parameter in risk management applications, and it can affect economic activity and public confidence. It is also a key parameter in several studies examining the link between the stock market, economic growth, and other financial variables. This paper seeks to broaden our understanding of volatility in a Small Island Developing State capital market by conducting a Bayesian model comparison of several volatility models for modeling stock returns on the Jamaica Stock Exchange (JSE). The paper uses a formal Bayesian model comparison methodology to compare seven generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) type models and seven stochastic volatility (SV) type models using the daily JSE index, All Items, from January 03, 2012, December 31, 2019, from the Jamaica Stock Exchange Database. The models include the standard models of GARCH(1,1) and SV with an AR(1) log-volatility process and models with jumps, volatility in mean, leverage effects, heavy-tailed distribution, and moving average innovations. The results reveal that SV models generally fit the data better than their GARCH counterparts. The heavy-tailed distributed innovations and the jump component substantially improve the performance of the basic GARCH and SV models. It also finds that allowing for the moving average component improves the fit of both GARCH and SV models. The result also indicates that volatility feedback is essential. There is also evidence of a significant inverse leverage effect. In total, the SV model with Student-t innovations is the best. The result presented has a potential value for academics, policymakers, and practitioners. For academics, the evidence of the dominance of the SV models over their GARCH counterparts would suggest that spillover studies involving Jamaica would gain from adopting the SV specification. The result presented also has a potential value for the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ). The BOJ can adopt the SV-t framework rather than a GARCH framework as a tool for gauging volatility in the JSE. Lastly, using the SV model to compute volatility would provide more accurate pricing and risk management results for practitioners, especially global fund managers who plan to include JSE stocks for asset allocation.


Based on a corpus of private correspondence written by twelve influential political and cultural figures in
 eighteenth-century Spain, this article discusses several hypotheses about the role of individual variation in language change. The
 study analyses five variables undergoing change in early modern Spanish and examines the idiolectal use of the traditional
 variants. Several conclusions are drawn from the results. The first is that idiolectal patterns vary considerably from one
 variable to another. Those variants that were clearly in the majority at the time or have undergone slower change processes are
 more consistent with in-between profiles.
 On the other hand, those variants that are more clearly declining or undergoing abrupt changes are represented by
 more refractory patterns. Still, these profiles are not uniform, so a specific type of variation in one variant does not exclude
 others. The results concerning the most decisive period in the configuration of the idiolectal distributions are less conclusive,
 mainly due to the imbalances in the representativeness of the samples. However, among the variables better represented in the
 corpus, the end of adolescence – set at 18 in this study – seems to be the most significant, in line with some well-known
 hypotheses in the literature. Nevertheless, we have also detected a few cases of changes in adulthood. Finally, the data support
 the dominance of stability in syntactic variation, suggesting that speakers change little once their idiolectal distributions have
 been established. Even so, some longitudinal changes are found, albeit in a recurrent direction: the replacement of traditional
 forms by alternative, more prestigious variants.


The invention discloses a rotary jig for automobile parts processing. The rotary jig comprises a jig body, a base and a four-shaft indexing disk. The jig body is provided with a cavity used for holding and positioning a product to be processed. A part, to be processed of the product to be processed is exposed from the jig body. The jig body is fixed on the base. The base is detachably fixed on the four-shaft indexing disk. A motor and gears are disposed in the four-shaft indexing disk. The motor drives the base and the jig body to rotate around the axis of the product by gear meshing. The rotary jig for automobile parts processing is available for multiple processing by single clamping, efficiency is improved greatly, and processing quality is also improved greatly.


Signs were placed in the field house shower rooms of a university campus exhorting people to conserve water and energy by turning off the water while soaping up. Making the signs more obtrusive increased compliance but also increased resentment. Far greater compliance was achieved through a combination of a sign and an accomplice modeling the appropriate behavior. Still greater compliance was achieved when two accomplices performed the requested behavior simultaneously. There are a number of ways in which the administrators of an institution (like a university) might attempt to promote energy conservation. They might make capital changes by retrofitting buildings; they might attempt to change the attitudes of those who use their faciUties by public information campaigns; they might exhort or prompt people to turn off lights, keep windows closed, turn down thermostats, take shorter showers, etc., by placing appropriate signs all over the place. Several observers have argued that impersonal measures like prompts, information campaigns and the like might not be an effective tool for energy conservation because, frequently, what is being asked for is the adoption of an innovation or the change of a life-style [1,2] . Where the adoption of innovation is concerned, behavioral scientists suspect that individuals might be more effectively influenced by direct contact with the behavior of other people


The goal of art teaching in my country's colleges and universities is not only to improve students' own professional art ability, but also to cultivate students' sense of innovation and ability to promote students to form compound innovative talents, so as to enhance students' social competitiveness. This article analyzes and researches the implementation of the "production, study and research" dual innovation talent training strategy for art majors in colleges and universities, and puts forward some teaching reform suggestions, hoping to improve the teaching quality of art majors in colleges and universities, and cultivate more compound innovations that meet social needs Talent.


With the development of new system radar, the anti-jamming capability of radar has been greatly improved, which poses a serious challenge to radar jamming technology. This paper derives a coherent noise frequency modulation jamming method according to the shortcomings of high power of noise frequency modulation jamming. Meanwhile, for the problem that large time width and advanced jamming cannot be achieved, we further propose an advanced jamming method based on radar echo prediction. Simulation and test results show that the method can form effective jamming to radar echo signals and has good engineering application value.


The pseudo-lithology mapping technique developed by Dransfield et al. (1994) for use with coincident gravity gradient and magnetic measurements and demonstrated with synthetic data is applied here to measured field data. Application of the pseudo-lithology method utilised total magnetic intensity data (TMI) and gravimeter measurements, whereas Dransfield et al. (1994) required gravity gradient information which is not yet practically available. The 'pseudo-magnetic projection' of the gravity gradient is developed from Poisson's relation and then correlated with the magnetic data, resulting in a 'pseudo-lithology' map of the ratio of apparent susceptibility to density contrast. One of the main advantages in using this correlation is that the information contained is independent of source geometry and depth. The technique was applied to data from the Corsair locality in Western Australia (Price, 1993), proving very useful in the determination of the subsurface geology, and extending the interpretation of previous workers (Whitaker et al., 1987). We also provide an error estimate of the derived horizontal and vertical gravity gradients, exploiting the zero trace of the gradient tensor. This furnishes us with a noise estimate of the gravity data, and also an edge detector for continuous rock units. This edge detecting ability is also apparent in the pseudo-lithology maps, aiding the interpretation.


The goal of study was to explore the synthesis of 1-(5-methylhexyl)-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-e]indol-6(7H)-one. This molecule is designed to act as a fluorescent model for cholesterol. It mimics cholesterol in terms of size, shape, and hydrophobic nature. . A nine-step synthesis was explored in order to develop this model. 1-(5-methylhexyl)-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-e]indol-6(7H)-one was designed to be used as a cholesterol model in order to explore the cholesterol binding sites of the protein human serum albumin.


This paper considers the extension of the ideas of quantum cosmology and, in particular, the proposal of Hartle and Hawking for the boundary conditions of the Universe, to models which incorporate fermions in a realistic manner. We consider inhomogeneous fermionic perturbations about a homogeneous, isotropic minisuperspace background model, by expanding the fermion fields in spinor harmonics on the spatial sections, taken to be three-spheres. The Dirac action is thus found to take the form of an infinite sum of terms, each describing a time-dependent Fermi oscillator. On quantization, we find that the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the wave function of the Universe may be decomposed into a set of time-dependent Schroumldinger equations, one for each fermion mode, and a background minisuperspace Wheeler-DeWitt equation, which includes a term in its potential describing the back reaction of the fermionic perturbations on the homogeneous modes. Our quantization procedure employs the holomorphic representation for the fermion modes, which permits them to be treated in a manner very similar to the case of bosonic perturbations considered by Halliwell and Hawking. We set initial conditions for the Schroedinger equations by applying the proposal of Hartle and Hawking that the quantum state of the Universe is defined bymore » a path integral over compact four-metrics and regular matter fields. We find this to imply that the fermion modes start out in their ground state. Particles are created in the subsequent (inflationary) evolution, and their number, defined with respect to instantaneous Hamiltonian diagonalization, is calculated and is found to be finite. We calculate the back-reaction term and find, after regularization, that its effect is negligible.« less


A/ 1/ Click on the link 2/ Click on the front page to open the interactive book 3/ Click on the page number to turn the page Do the activities to revise the personality


There is a great challenge in the global trends of protected area finance. This article reviews the fund raising opportunities available to managers, and public/private sector relationships. Later sections consider various ways in which extra finance can be generated and secured from tourism through parastatals, development assistance, user fees, and corporate contributions. There are several possible motivations of business corporations. They could be the promoting the corporations, supporting its industrial aspect, accessing the nearby resources, compensating the damage the corporations have caused, or acquiring a good image for their corporation and products.


Three sedimentary layers including Shahezi Formation,Yingcheng Formation,Denglouku Formation and four fault-depressed blocks developed in lower Cretaceous layers of Binxian-Suihua area in the north of Songliao Basin.Six seismic facies developed in the area through the characteristic analysis on the amplitude,continuance,inner structure and formalness of the seismic reflection stratum.Through the data of multidisciplinary analysis with the outcrop,core observation and description,drilling-well logging,laboratory test and especially the seismic facies interpretation,six styles of sedimentary facies formed in lower Cretaceous layers are alluvial fan facies,fluvial facies,fan-delta facies,braided stream-delta facies,lacustrine facies,and volcanite facies,respectively.Through analyzed the plane distributed and developed character of the sedimentary facies in different layers,it was concluded that the lower Cretaceous layers were made up of coarse sediments mainly in the fault subsidence period.The sedimentary provenance which was controlled by the major fault came from the arctic region near the major fault in each fault depression.The fine grained sediments were favorable for the source rock and the coarse sediments of the overlying were favorable reservoir.The result was that Binxian and Beian fault depression maybe the priority area for the oil and gas exploration in the future.


Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CIAKI),known as the most important complication after exposure to intravascular iodine based contrast agents,has attracted increasing attention with the development of cardiac intervention in recent years.CIAKI is harmful as it increases the risk of renal failure and death,prolongation of hospitalization time,and increase in expenditure.Moreover,lack of obvious clinical manifestation makes CIAKI more easily neglected by clinicians.Preceding risk assessment and giving prophylactic measures to high risk patients may lower the incidence of CIAKI.Continuous renal function monitoring after intervention procedure is helpful to detect CIAKI.Hydration has been proved to be effective for the prevention of CIAKI.However,the affect of other medication has not been well evaluated up to now.A multicenter,randomized and controlled study,performed in union in 53 domestic hospitals with the same protocol,demonstrated that short-term statin therapy during perioperative period of invasive cardiovascular procedure can effectively reduce the incidence of CIAKI.It may give us a new strategy to prevent CIAKI.


We consider a single machine scheduling problem in which the processing time of a job is a nondecreasing function of its starting time. The jobs have a common due date. The objective is to minimize the weighted number of tardy jobs. The problem is NP-hard. We present a pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm and a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS).


Image intensifying cameras have been found to be extremely useful in low-light-level (LLL) scenarios including military night vision and civilian rescue operations. These sensors utilize the available visible region photons and an amplification process to produce high contrast imagery. It has been demonstrated that processing techniques can further enhance the quality of this imagery. For example, fusion with matching thermal IR imagery can improve image content when very little visible region contrast is available. To aid in the improvement of current algorithms and the development of new ones, a high fidelity simulation environment capable of producing radiometrically correct multi-band imagery for low- light-level conditions is desired. This paper describes a modeling environment attempting to meet these criteria by addressing the task as two individual components: (1) prediction of a low-light-level radiance field from an arbitrary scene, and (2) simulation of the output from a low- light-level sensor for a given radiance field. The radiance prediction engine utilized in this environment is the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model which is a first principles based multi-spectral synthetic image generation model capable of producing an arbitrary number of bands in the 0.28 to 20 micrometer region. The DIRSIG model is utilized to produce high spatial and spectral resolution radiance field images. These images are then processed by a user configurable multi-stage low-light-level sensor model that applies the appropriate noise and modulation transfer function (MTF) at each stage in the image processing chain. This includes the ability to reproduce common intensifying sensor artifacts such as saturation and 'blooming.' Additionally, co-registered imagery in other spectral bands may be simultaneously generated for testing fusion and exploitation algorithms. This paper discusses specific aspects of the DIRSIG radiance prediction for low- light-level conditions including the incorporation of natural and man-made sources which emphasizes the importance of accurate BRDF. A description of the implementation of each stage in the image processing and capture chain for the LLL model is also presented. Finally, simulated images are presented and qualitatively compared to lab acquired imagery from a commercial system.


During the summer of 1938 the author collected a number of soil s-amples near near East Lansing, Michigan, to determine whether or not Gasterella lutophila Zeller & Walker could be found. The results of that study may be found in a previous paper.1 In addition to G. lutophila, fruiting-bodies of another fungus developed during the last of July, 1938, on one of the soil samples that came from a particular wood-lot. On October 11 samples of soil were obtained in triplicate from the same spot from which the earlier sample had been taken. Fruiting-bodies of this same new fungus were first observed on one of these collections on October 29. On a second lot of the soil fruiting-bodies did not appear until November 7, 1938. The methods of study were the same as those employed for Gasterella lutophila. Because of its similarity in many particulars to Gasterella the writer suggests the generic name Gasterellopsis for this new fungus. The basidiocarps of Gasterellopsis were first visible on the surface of the soil in from 18 to 26 days after the soil was collected and prepared. The first sign of the fungus was the appearance of minute wefts of loose, white hyphae. These developed into the mature fruiting-bodies in four to six days. Most of the specimens developed on the surface of the soil, but occasionally a specimen formed just below the surface and pushed the soil particles aside as it grew. A scarcity of specimens between the youngest and mature stages prevented discovery of the details of development of the glebal


Keyword: Bacteria Pangasius djambal Pathogen Pangasius djambal is one of the popular fish. The obstacle in this fish culture is the presence of bacterial attack, which is thought to originate from the waters where the fish live. This study aims to determine the differences in the number of bacteria found in the body of P djambal that are cultivated in ponds and those that live in rivers. Based on research, it is known that the number of bacteria found in the body of fish originating from rivers is more than the number of bacteria originating from ponds. The results showed the number of bacteria in the gills of fish from river reached 250 x 10 Cfu/g and in mucus 199 x 10 Cfu/g. While the number of fish bacteria originating from ponds in the gills section is 204 x 10 Cfu/g and in the mucus section is 131x10 Cfu/g. Article history: Received: 13/03/2020 Revised: 25/08/2020 Accepted: 26/08/2020


Traffic surveys have been conducted in many European cities since World War II. These surveys were used to determine the origin and destination of, and the routes followed by, private motor traffic and, on the basis of the results, to prepare traffic forecasts to aid in planning the road system. One of the methods employed for the surveys, the license plate or number taking method, has been used frequently. However, in common with almost all types of measurements, traffic censuses are affected by errors. This article reports on investigations to ascertain the reliability of the license plate method.


Generalized complaints such as fever, chills, malaise, and body aches are common presentations to the emergency department (ED). Some of these are due to viral infections, and some are due to systemic bacterial infections. Clues to the specific infection can be found in the geographic location of the patient or the patient's exposure to wildlife (e.g., ticks) and animals. The patient's history and the timing of the illness play an important part in helping to identify the possible source or cause of the infection. This chapter presents questions related to the diagnosis, clinical effects, and most appropriate treatment of a wide range of these systemic infectious disease emergencies.


Retail is an ever growing and ever changing sector worldwide. The mounting competition among retailers to increase customer footfall empowers the buyers to have varied choices of products to pick. Retailers have realized that creating a 'private label' is the only means to stand by in the struggle for survival. A private label brand is a brand owned, merchandised and sold by retailers themselves that carries the retailer's name and is exclusive to a retailer, but is produced by another company. The paper examines the factors influencing customers to purchase private labels and how they perceive those brands. Various retail outlets in Coimbatore city is taken for study.


High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) commonly responds to initial therapy, but this response is rarely durable. Understanding cell fate decisions taken by HGSOC cells in response to treatment could guide new therapeutic opportunities. Here we find that tissue-derived primary HGSOC epithelial cultures reflecting the original disease primarily undergo therapy-induced senescence in response to DNA damage and first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy. Unlike previous observations using cell lines, primary HGSOC cell TIS displays a stable senescence proliferation arrest and p16INK4A expression, and is accompanied by persistent DNA damage, an inflammatory secretome, and senolytic sensitivity, suggesting new avenues for selective pharmacological manipulation of these cells. Whether cell senescence induced by cancer therapy is beneficial or detrimental to clinical outcomes remains unknown. Single cell comparison of pre- and post-chemotherapy patient HGSOC tissue samples revealed changes in physio-pathological senescence biomarkers supporting a post-treatment senescence-like state. Importantly, patients with stronger senescence signatures post-chemotherapy displayed better 5-year survival suggesting that senescence accounts, at least in part, for beneficial cellular responses to treatment. Given that ovarian cancer epithelial cells almost universally retain the capacity to undergo senescence and that senescence appears beneficial in this context, HGSOC senescence-centric therapeutic avenues should be further explored. Author Summary Whether cancer therapy-induced cell fate decisions like senescence are good or bad for patient treatment outcome is unknown. We find that ovarian cancer cells almost universally retain senescence competence and that senescence in treated cancer tissues correlate with good clinical outcomes. This reveals that senescence is a relevant drug target in ovarian cancer.


Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition among the general U.S. population but in particular for veterans. Anecdotal evidence points to the effect of urban design features on mental well-being of PTSD patients. However, evidence-based architectural and space design guidelines for PTSD patients is largely absent. Such guidelines might alleviate PTSD symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Interviews were conducted with combat veterans who were diagnosed with PTSD (sub population focus) to gain insights into their thoughts, needs, expectations, and experiences with physical indoor and out-door spaces. The findings suggest that certain indoor and outdoor design elements such as sharp corners, narrow pathways, blind spots, etc. increase anxiety and leads to triggers while soothing features (e.g. open spaces, situational awareness providing features such as lack of clutter or open floor plans) can relax veterans.


The utility model discloses fitness equipment and particularly discloses an adjustable type jumping height measurement device. The adjustable type jumping height measurement device is characterized in that a telescopic rod is arranged inside a fixed rod, an observation hole is formed at the upper end of the fixed rod, gear scales are arranged on the telescopic rod, a gear is arranged at the upper end of the observation hole in the fixed rod, a rocker is arranged at the upper end of the left side of the fixed rod, the rocker is connected with the gear at the upper end of the observation hole in the fixed rod, and a touch rod is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the telescopic rod. The adjustable type jumping height measurement device has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to use, convenient for a user to adjust the height and capable of accurately measuring a jumping height of a person, and bringing convenience to measurement of the jumping height.


This paper introduces a new comparison base stable sorting algorithm, named RS sort. RS Sort involves only the comparison of pair of elements in an array which ultimately sorts the array and does not involve the comparison of each element with every other element. RS sort tries to build upon the relationship established between the elements in each pass. Suppose there is an array containing three elements a1, a2, a3 and if a relationship exist such that a1<a2 and a2<a3 then it can be established that a1<a3 and so there is no need to compare a1 and a3. Sorting is a fundamental operation in computer science. RS sort is analyzed both theoretically and empirically. We have performed its Empirical analysis and compared its performance with the well-known quick sort for various input types.


The widening gap between demand and supply of trained rheumatologists to deal with enormous numbers of patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases, especially in the South-East Asian region, was the topic of a recent oration. A possible temporary solution to the problem was offered. It was suggested that the entire time and energy of available rheumatologists may be focused only toward patients with systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The argument was that these are serious life-threatening conditions requiring urgent specialist (rheumatologist-physician) referrals for early aggressive treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs/biologicals to save permanent MSK damage and premature death. Crucial to this arrangement would be to have primary care physicians and orthopaedic surgeons who could quickly recognize serious systemic inflammatory MSK diseases (the so-called 'red-flag' conditions) from local/regional/biomechanical structural damage-related MSK diseases (the so-called 'green-flag' conditions). Only the 'red-flag' conditions may then be referred to the rheumatologist-physician for detailed evaluation and appropriate drug therapy. This article describes a simple clinical approach for quick distinction between these two categories of MSK diseases. Rheumatologists may like to use this approach to conduct continuing medical education (CME) programs targeted towards primary care physicians and orthopaedic surgeons so that 'red flag' MSK disease patients reach rheumatologist-physicians as soon as possible.


The invention discloses a method for group field communication between user ends through public ground mobile communication network. The method at least includes: A) the calling user end sends out context activating request information to GGSN, the request information carries the called APN number. B) Searches the configuration information and net side activating configuration information of APN field name in GGSN; C) GGSN creates calling user end context, at the same starts the net side activating process to called user end, wait for the called user end starts response net side activated context creation request information; D) after the GGSN receives the request information, creates the user end context; E) the calling user end and the called user end send out domain name request to theserver which has the correspondent relation of MSISDN, APN number and IP address, and carries on domain analysis, and returns the opposite IP address, and creates communication link.


This is continuation of studies of the history and characteristics of human factors ergonomics (HFE). Earlier studies had analyzed the annual meeting programs of the Human Factors Society from 1959 to 1970 and empirical papers (those that tested subjects) that were published in Human Factors and in the Proceedings of the annual meetings of the Society. Every discipline has a history, and it is important to examine that history in terms of what its professionals publish and consider, because this enables one to see how and in which direction the discipline is moving. A historical analysis serves as a sort of feedback, if one thinks of the discipline as a special type of conceptual system.


The file includes the X-ray scattering data, determination of reactivity ratios, polymerization kinetics, NMR, SEC, Bjerrum length, and probability distribution profile data for all reported figures. The readme file further describes the individual data.


The space $\mathcal{H}$ of "almost calibrated" $(1,1)$ forms on a compact Kahler manifold plays an important role in the study of the deformed Hermitian-Yang-Mills equation of mirror symmetry as emphasized by recent work of the second author and Yau, and is related by mirror symmetry to the space of positive Lagrangians studied by Solomon. This paper initiates the study of the geometry of $\mathcal{H}$. We show that $\mathcal{H}$ is an infinite dimensional Riemannian manifold with non-positive sectional curvature. In the hypercritical phase case we show that $\mathcal{H}$ has a well-defined metric structure, and that its completion is a ${\rm CAT}(0)$ geodesic metric space, and hence has an intrinsically defined ideal boundary. Finally, we show that in the hypercritical phase case $\mathcal{H}$ admits $C^{1,1}$ geodesics, improving a result of the second author and Yau. Using results of Darvas-Lempert we show that this result is sharp.


Difficulties in expanding the generation and transmission system force modern power systems to operate often close to their stability limits, in order to meet the continuously growing demand. An effective way to face power system contingencies that can lead to instability is load shedding. This paper proposes a machine learning framework for the evaluation of load shedding for corrective dynamic security of the system. The proposed method employs a self-organized map with decision trees nested in some of its nodes in order to classify the load profiles of a power system. The method is applied on a realistic model of the Hellenic power system and its added value is shown by comparing results with the ones obtained from the application of simple self-organized maps and simple decision trees.


The Authority was asked for the number of incidents or complaints received by the HFEA, or that the HFEA has been made aware of, during the last 24 months in relation to misdiagnosis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) at HFEA licensed clinics.


Curved blade has been widely used to reduce the endwall loss, but there is no criterion for curved blade design. Relationship of the optimum curved blade generate line (stack line) and the inlet Mach number, solidity, aspect ratio and camber angle in a linear compressor cascade were researched by optimization method in present paper. The stack line is vertically symmetrical, composed of two third-order Bezier curves and a straight line. The results show that total pressure loss coefficient decreases with the curved height increasing in the present calculate conditions at the same curved angle, and the optimum curved height is 0.5. The total pressure loss coefficient variation with curved angle presents a approximate parabola line type at the same curved height, there is an optimum curved angle, at which the total pressure loss coefficient is minimal. The optimum curved angle variation with the cascade parameters. Optimum curved angle increases with the inlet Ma and camber angle increasing, optimum curved angle variation with inlet Ma shows a polynomial curve type, optimum curved angle varied linearly with camber angle increasing. Optimum curved angle has little changes with solidity and aspect ratio increasing, optimum curved angle is about 6.5° in present conditions, but optimum curved angle will change with the blade loading. The benefit of the optimum curved blade increases with the inlet Mach number and camber angle increasing, and it has little change with solidity and aspect ratio increasing.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


there will always be protests and appeals from the action of the assessors and all because this whole question of valuation must in every case, in the final analysis, depend upon the judgment of human beings, and when we consider the millions and millions of dollars collected under the ad valorem system of taxation in all our states every year, may we not say in view of the comparatively small amount of litigation that our situation mig t be a whole lot worse? Courts as a rule are reluctant to upset values as fixed by the assessors, a d rightly so, for why should a court, only rarely called upon to determine valuations, substitute its judgment for that of an assessing board whose particular business it is to fix values? It should not, and our courts usually do not. It is only when the assessor fixes a value which " shocks the conscience of the court " that we find


We examined the reading interest and behavior of students in one rural (n = 664) and one inner-city (n = 510) middle school. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that in general, middle school students are not interested in reading and spend very little time engaged in various reading activities. Further analysis of the data showed differences among school, gender, and grade in responses to the questionnaire. Therefore, although one can make broad claims about middle school students, we propose that it may be useful to look also at different groups of middle school students when trying to make decisions concerning this population. Reading Interest and Behavior in Middle School Students in Innercity and Rural Settings Daphne Greenberg Georgia State University Amanda Gilbert Norcross High School Norcross, GA Laura Fredrick Georgia State University We examined the reading interest and behavior of students in one rural (n = 664) and one inner-city (n = 510) middle school. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that in general, middle school students are not interested in reading and spend very little time engaged in various reading activities. Further analysis of the data showed differences among school, gender, and grade in responses to the questionnaire. Therefore, although one can make broad claims about middle school students, we propose that it may be useful to look also at different groups of middle school students when trying to make decisions concerning this


vent conflict goes back at least as far as 1924, when representatives of the then Czechoslovakia and Poland attempted in this fashion to solve a boundary dispute that was one of the loose ends of the First World War (Goetel 1925; Westing 1993b, p. 15). And the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (Gland, Switzerland) itself has shown a continuing interest in transfrontier reserves for some 35 years or more now (Goetel 1964; Nicol 1974; Čeřovský 1993), inter alia producing or cosponsoring a number of valuable monographs on the subject (Thorsell 1990; Čeřovský 1996; Hamilton et al. 1996). Establishing any nature reserve nowadays becomes a truly formidable challenge in the face of strongly competing interests for the same land, whether from modern or traditional societies. Thus, trying to bring this about with two (or occasionally even three) sovereign states involved would seem to add a gratuitous layer of complexity that spells almost certain failure. So why try? Two principal lines of argument can be brought to bear on the subject, one environmental and the other political. To achieve environmental security for our globe requires a number of steps. Crucial amongst them is the protection of biodiversity, one obligate component of which, in turn, is the setting aside for nature of some 10 to 12 per cent of the global biosphere, more or less proportionately distributed amongst each of the world's biomes (biogeographical provinces) and countries (the countries, to do their share as contributing members to the community of nations). Even on paper (i.e. de jure), we are, on a world-wide basis, now only at about the halfway mark towards this goal (currently with 6 per cent of the global land formally protected). Moreover, our world-wide acquisition rate has been slowing down since about 1970, and many of our individual biomes throughout the world remain most inadequately covered (IUCN 1994, pp. 245–57). More specifically relevant here, many of the areas worthy of environmental protection happen to straddle the 220 000 km of land boundaries that separate the 190 or so sovereign states into which we have divided ourselves. Indeed, such boundaries are often considered to be remote, and the lands surrounding them are thus likely to be less developed than those lands near centres of modern human habitation and industry. It appears that approximately one-third of all terrestrial high-biodiversity sites straddle national borders: BirdLife International (Cambridge, UK) recently identified 221 high-priority natural habitats involving 127 sovereign states (Bibby et al. 1992). Of these 221 sites, I was then able to determine that 77, that is to say fully 35 per cent, straddled national borders (Westing 1993a). To achieve political security for our globe also requires a number of steps. Crucial amongst these is the peaceful settlement of disputes between sovereign states, such interstate disputes often specifically involving border regions. Indeed, more than half of all the many states share borders that remain ill-defined and contested (CIA 1995, passim), and those disputes often become at least the proximate cause of the border wars that keep occurring. On the other hand, much cooperation does of course occur between contiguous states (Blake 1993). It would thus seem that a jointlyadministered, cross-border protected natural area could, both in the process of being established and in its subsequent management, reinforce the amicable relations that exist between contiguous states. The degree of formality of the amalgamation would, of course, be open to negotiation and evolution (Westing 1993c). It is also important to point out that a joint reserve, if properly established, could in some instances even provide a most welcome boost to the local economy (McNeely 1993). The negotiations that lead to the establishment of a jointly-administered, transfrontier reserve would certainly benefit from, if not require, facilitation by a third party such as the United Nations COMMENT


DRUG EFFECTS in man have been of increasing concern in recent years to both public health and government agencies. As a consequence of a burgeoning technology in the production and development of potent drugs and an ever increasing role by government regulatory agencies, information is needed if we are to make informed decisions regarding their safe use. It has become increasingly apparent that much of the data required must be obtained by prospective epidemiologic techniques. Until recently the administrative framework did not exist for obtaining such information; nor was any system easily available for its storage, analysis, and utilization. The availability of a sys-


Distribution of precipitation in mountain areas is a complex problem and the subject of long-standing debate and controversy compounded by the paucity of high-altitude meteorological stations. This lack of knowledge is pronounced for the Arctic, where predictions of future climate suggest an amplified future response to various climatic forcing mechanisms. Against this background, knowledge on the late 20th-century precipitation in the Svalbard region is of specific interest because the major transport pathway of water vapour into the Arctic Basin is across the Svalbard region. In order to understand ongoing changes of geomorphic and glaciological activity on Svalbard, a mapping/modelling of the late 20th-century precipitation in central Spitsbergen is attempted. Existing meteorological observations and knowledge on the altitude of the approximate late 20th-century equilibrium line on glaciers within the study area are used. The modelling is a first approach only, and should subsequently be tested through field measurements at selected key sites within the study area.


Yang Lianzhenjia was born in Western Xia Dynasty. He was a monk of the Tibetan Buddhism. At the beginning of the pacification of South China, he was trusted by Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, and was appointed president of South China in charge of Buddhist affairs. During his time as a senior monk official in Hangzhou, President Yang relied on Samgha, a powerful official, to uphold Kublai Khan's orders, to worship Buddhism and suppress Taoism, to suppress Zen Buddhism.He built pagodas and temples, and he excavated stone statues of Piraebong to spread propaganda and promote Tibetan Buddhism, and to maintain the dominance of the yuan dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. In character evaluation, Yang Lianzhenjia's contribution to the mission of spreading Buddhism in Hangzhou should not be denied although he excavated the tombs of the song emperors.


This research was driven by a desire to understand the use of 4D and 5D Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools in medium scale Design and Build (D&B) organisations in Australia.

The utilisation of BIM tools in Australia is still in its infancy despite the reported advantages on the use of BIM methodologies for managing large scale projects. However, there is little information on the value of such methodologies for the management of D&B projects particularly with respect to medium scale construction companies. Furthermore, it was found that there lacked a consensus in the literature on the use of specific BIM tools, and which tools provided the most benefit to an organisation. Accordingly, the aim of this this research project is to examine the feasibility of utilising 4D and 5D BIM tools in managing and resolving key issues faced by medium scale D&B contractors.

In order to pursue the above aim, semi-structured interviews and a multiple case study approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken as a means to validate the findings from the literature review. Interviews undertaken with the Construction Manager, Project Manager and CAD Manager of a medium scale D&B organisation demonstrated that the D&B method of contracting improves both budget and timeframe performance on projects. The constructability of designs however, is integral to the level of success achieved.

The first case study for the project utilised a historical project in order to provide a first-hand understanding of the key issues and problems faced by medium scale D&B contractors. The results of the case study identified co-ordination between the design and construction teams are paramount to the D&B contractors' performance. Revised designs on the project due to constructability concerns after the commencement of construction works was both costly and disruptive to the project. The ability to identify constructability concerns prior to commencing construction works ensures project success. Identifying the specific key concern on the project demonstrated the need for research into the use of 4D and 5D BIM for managing and resolving these issues.

The use of a second case study enabled 4D and 5D BIM tools to be retrospectively implemented on the same historical project, enabling a comparative analysis of the performance of the project to be undertaken. The results of the case study demonstrated that the use of 4D BIM tools enables the identification of constructability concerns prior to the commencement of construction works onsite. Identifying these concerns improved the project schedules predicted performance with the use of 4D BIM tools by one week and one day. 5D BIM tools utilised the 3D BIM model to price the alternative designs on the project. Whilst the use of 5D BIM proved advantageous in pricing the design change in a reduced timeframe, the outcome of the case study indicated that the use of 5D BIM in managing and resolving key issues is feasible, when used in collaboration with a 4D BIM tool.

Recommendations are provided to undertake further research on the use of 4D and 5D BIM tools on multiple medium sized D&B projects. The use of multiple projects would be used as a means to provide a consensus in the results, prior to recommending the implementation of 4D and 5D BIM tools in medium scale D&B organisations.


ABSTRACT Wildlife value orientations (WVOs) shape attitudes and behavior toward wildlife. Although demographic correlates of WVOs are well established, these relationships are largely unknown among children and within family units. The only previous study addressing these topics used fathers' perceptions as proxies for family member WVOs. We surveyed North Carolina households (n = 136) to test hypotheses regarding whether individuals can assess household WVOs and what variables shape WVOs within households. Fathers and mothers accurately assessed WVOs of their children. Membership in a household was the most important predictor of an individual's WVOs (accounting for 37% [ρ = .37] of the variance predicted by the model). Younger age, being female, and lack of participation in hunting were associated with more protectionist WVOs. These results provide the first household level support for divergence between generations from utilitarian toward protectionist WVOs. Our results suggest that household unit may be a critical element to consider in WVO research.


The research shows an opportunity of preparing biodiesel fuel on the basis of local diesel fuel and the bioadditive castor oil. Limiting optimum concentration of introduction of the bioadditive equal was established as 5% mass ratio. The castor oil released from seeds of Palma Christi grown on experimental field. All physical and chemical characteristics of the oil including IR-spectra were determined. Operating conditions of castor oil introduction (temperature, solubility, concentration, etc.) were determined. The received biofuel was tested at oil refinery and its bench tests with a positive effect were also carried out. Technical requirements and technological regulation (temporary) on manufacture of this biodiesel fuel were prepared.


The degradation process of the crystallinity of grain boundaries in thin-film interconnections was visualized by applying EBSD analysis under high current density. The grain boundary diffusion was accelerated by electromigration only along random grain boundaries with low crystallinity. The crystallinity (IQ value obtained from EBSD analysis) of grain boundaries varied drastically depending on manufacturing process such as temperature, gas pressure, substrate material, and so on. The effective activation energy of self-diffusion of component element was dominated by the crystallinity of random grain boundaries. The measured value obtained from the low-crystallinity interconnections was much lower than that obtained from the thermodynamically stable bulk material, and therefore, the lifetime of intergranular cracking decreased to one hundredth in the worst case.


Alluvial fans and shallow carbonate lakes interfered in the Teruel half‐graben during the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Tectonic influence is recorded in alluvial and lacustrine–palustrine successions, with long‐term climate changes being recorded in detail in the isotopic signatures of carbonates. Episodes of tectonic activity induced alluvial fan progradation and lake retraction in the whole basin. Three lacustrine stages have been identified, which support the idea that climate also exerted an important control on sedimentation. The transition between stages 1 and 2 occurred during a tectonically calm episode due to an increase in aridity in the Early Turolian; small fans with source areas next to the lake margin prograded, inducing lake‐shore retraction. The transition from stage 2 to 3 was caused by the superimposition of increasing tectonic activity and aridity effects. Our study demonstrates that discrimination of allogenic factors controlling sedimentation in continental closed basins is possible using sequence stratigraphy in combination with other techniques such as geochemistry of carbonates.


The common view of Irish electoral politics for the 1916 to 1918 period is one of major decline for the traditional nationalist representatives, the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), and the meteoric rise of the newly reconstituted Sinn Fein party; culminating in the latter's overwhelming victory at the December 1918 general election. By examining the February 1918 South Armagh by-election campaign, this article argues that the Irish Parliamentary Party, which won the contest, was much more resilient than is often acknowledged. Through detailed analysis of election pamphlets, newspaper articles, private correspondence and committee minutes, it considers the significance of the grass-roots strength of both in the form of their local organisations, the role of the Roman catholic church, and the election strategies of the two parties; in particular Sinn Fein's vilification of the IPP member, T.P. O'Connor, who was in America at the time of the contest.


From the demographic viewpoint the world has gone through significant changes during the twentieth century; the reduction of mortality and fertility levels. Regarding the first, it determined one of the most important events of the second half of the twentieth century: the aging of the population. The evolution of the aforementioned demo-graphic variables varied depending on the level of economic and social development of the countries. In the Cuban case, mortality and fertility declined at a faster rate than the rest of the underdeveloped countries, thus determining a higher incidence in the aging of their population. The changes determined by the triumph of the 1959 Revolution, accelerated the reduction in the levels of both variables, also causing rapid aging of its population, to the extent that in 2025 will be very close to the countries with the highest level of aging in the world, and by 2050, will be among the first. The increase in 60 year old people and over a very fast rate imposes the need to address this challenge, particularly the care of these people from all points of view. This paper addresses these and other important issues. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v7i0.694 Revista Poblacion y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 7, No. 7, 2011 pp.79-92


Through introducing the environmental protection measure adopted in coke dry quenching and the characteristics of coke dry quenching,this paper probes into the necessity for Shanxi Province to develop the coke dry quenching technology.


Currently nanophotonics approZaches like photonic crystal based devices and integrated circuits are receiving intense attention due to their application potential in ultracompact and eventually cheap integrated photonic circuits. By using patterning on the nanometer scale or with nanometer precision new functionalities regarding the emission properties or waveguiding are obtained. By patterning a high refractive index material on the wavelength scale of light in one, two, or three dimensions e.g. with air holes a photonic crystal (PhC) can be formed. The strong periodic variation of the refractive index results in the formation of a band structure for photons. Most importantly the design of the photonic crystal can be chosen appropriately that there are wavelength ranges in which the photon propagation is forbidden. The photonic energy gaps can be used to define miniaturized reflectors which may be used as e.g. laser mirrors, boundaries of waveguides, filters etc.