This study investigates the infl uence of four imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) present in wastewater on the activated sludge process. In addition, experiments with inactivated sludge to assess the capacity of this sorbent to remove ILs from the wastewater were conducted. It occurred that the presence of ionic liquids in wastewater reduces biomass growth and size of the sludge fl ocs. The strongest effect has been found for IL 6 (1-hexyl-2H3-methyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium iodide) with the longest alkyl chain length. Also, the degree of ILs removal increases with the alkyl chain length and decreases with the increase of initial concentration of ILs in wastewater. IL 6 reaches the highest degree of ILs removal from wastewater but inhibits the biomass growth and growth of sludge fl ocs in a greater extent than other tested compounds. Moreover, it was confi rmed that newly synthesized ionic liquids can be adsorbed onto inactivated sludge. IL 6 could be adsorbed in a higher degree than other ionic liquids. This adsorption was described by Langmuir isotherm, whereas adsorption of other ionic liquids was described by Freundlich isotherm. Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/14/16 2:01 PM Infl uence of newly synthesized imidazolium ionic liquids on activated sludge process 41 al. 2008, Studzińska et al. 2008, Mrozik et al. 2012). Gorman-Lewis & Fein (2004) tested adsorption of dissolved 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl] onto Gram-positive soil bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, onto gibbsite, quartz, and clay minerals (Gorman-Lewis & Fein 2004). The greatest extent of adsorption was found for the clay. However, there is no adsorption of the [Bmim][Cl] onto bacteria surfaces. The lack of adsorption is explained by the fact that the electrostatic and hydrophobic attractive forces are not suffi cient to absorb the tested ionic liquid under given conditions (Gorman-Lewis & Fein 2004). The activated sludge is a more complex adsorbent, therefore the study of adsorption on this material may give different results, what was confi rmed by Markiewicz et al. (2009). They described an adsorption process of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride [Omim][Cl] onto activated sludge and have found a high level of sorption of tested IL. This result shows that sorption plays a signifi cant role in the removal of xenobiotics from wastewater (Markiewicz et al. 2009). The main aim of this study was to determine the infl uence of four newly synthesized imidazolium ionic liquids on activated sludge process, including effect on fl ocs morphology. In addition, the adsorption capacity of inactivated sludge to remove ionic liquids from wastewater was evaluated. Materials and methods Ionic liquids The ionic liquids investigated, 1-ethyl-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-methyl4,5-dimethylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-2H-3-methyl-4,5dimethylimidazolium iodide and 1-hexyl-2H-3-methyl4,5-dimethylimidazolium iodide were synthesized by the Department of Sustainable Chemistry and Technology (Ghent University, Belgium). They are presented in Table 1. Ionic liquids tested differ in the amount of substituents and what is more important differ in the length of the alkyl chain. Every test in the shake fl ask was conducted separately for each of the four imidazolium ionic liquids studied. Culture of activated sludge in the shake fl asks Aerobic activated sludge was taken from Combined Wastewater Treatment in Łódź (Poland). This sludge was used in all experiments. A sample of the sludge was washed twice using synthetic wastewater which was prepared in agreement with Polish Norm PN-72/C-04550. 40 ml of activated sludge and 160 ml of fresh synthetic wastewater with/without imidazolium ionic liquid were poured to 300 ml Erlenmeyer fl asks. The following concentrations of ionic liquids were applied: 1, 5, 25 and 50 mg l-1. The initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of wastewater (with/without imidazolium) used in the experiments in the shake fl asks is presented in Table 2. Initial activated sludge biomass concentration (volatile suspended solids) was 0.635 g VSS l-1. The samples with and without ionic liquids (control runs) were shaken at 20±0.5°C in a thermostated rotary shaker Certomat® IS at 130 rpm for 24 hours. Before shaking and after 24 hours of the test the following analyses for each sample were performed: ILs concentration, Chemical Oxygen Demand, gravimetric analysis and analysis of morphological parameters of the fl ocs. Adsorption experiments The inoculum was taken from the same source as in the previous test, however, it was prepared in another way. In the beginning the sludge was washed twice with tap water Table 1. Chemical names and structure of the studied ionic liquids Name Code Chemical structure Composition 1-ethyl-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-4,5dimethylimidazolium iodide IL 1 C11H21N2I 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-methyl-4,5dimethylimidazolium iodide IL 2 C9H17N2I 1-ethyl-2H-3-methyl-4,5dimethylimidazolium iodide IL 4 C8H15N2I 1-hexyl-2H-3-methyl-4,5dimethylimidazolium iodide IL 6 C12H23N2I Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/14/16 2:01 PM 42 D. Gendaszewska, E. Liwarska-Bizukojć, C. Maton, Ch.V. Stevens to reduce the amount of organic material. Subsequently, the sludge was inactivated by addition of 20 ml l-1 glutaric aldehyde. It has been reported that this toxic compound has no signifi cant effect on sludge properties such as morphological parameters (Liwarska-Bizukojć 2008). This inactivation was controlled by microscopic observation. Also, the activity of sludge was determined using 2% solution of INT (Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride). Inactivated sludge was used in adsorption experiments for evaluation of sorption capacity of this sorbent. Erlenmeyer fl asks (300 ml) were fi lled with 60 ml of inactivated sludge and 140 ml of tap water with imidazolium ionic liquid was added. Concentrations of ionic liquids ranged from 1 to 100 mg l-1. All tests were performed with TSS (total suspended solids) concentrations of 1.07 g TSS l-1 and VSS (volatile suspended solids) concentration of 0.767 g VSS l-1. Control runs containing inactivated sludge and tap water were conducted in parallel. The samples were shaken at the same condition as in the previous test. Before and after the test in the shake fl ask, measurements of ILs concentration (in a fi ltrate) and gravimetric analysis were made. Sorption isotherm The description of the adsorption characteristics was done by means of determination of characteristic parameter and by the adjustment of isotherms. The ratio of the amount of ionic liquid sorbed by the inactivated sludge to the amount of the analyte in the solution at equilibrium state was calculated as sorption coeffi cient, KD:


Classroom questioning is one of the main classroom discourse activities, it is also an important means to enhance students' classroom learning and help teachers attain the teaching goals. According to the roles played by teacher and student in classroom questioning, classroom questioning falls into three categories: teacher-student model, student-teacher model and student-student model. Student questioning has been neglected by teachers in our teaching practice. For this reason, many precious curriculum resources especially students' experiences have been staying unexploited. Students' autonomy and creativity lose the chance to get adequate development. Unless students' questioning integrated with teaching process, curriculum goals can't be achieved more effectively. Through the classification of classroom questioning and review of latest research about student questioning, teachers or educators may get some advices from this paper.


: Animal studies have demonstrated that energy-restricted diets and exercise affect the gut microbiome and are positively linked to physical health; however, less is known about the impacts of various patterns of dietary restriction combined with exercise on the gut microbiota and associated health outcomes in humans. This study aimed to determine if an energy-restricted diet combined with resistance training altered the gut microbiome, and whether any changes were associated with differences in body composition, dietary intake, or biomarkers of metabolic health. Twenty-six healthy males and females, aged 19–36 years with BMIs of 22–35 kg/m 2 , were enrolled in a 2-arm parallel, randomized controlled trial and followed either a 5:2 intermittent fasting (IFT, n = 13) or continuous energy restriction (CERT, n = 13) diet combined with supervised resistance training for 12 weeks. Both treatments resulted in decreased body weight and increased lean body mass. Shifts in the abundance of, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , a high butyrate producer, was positively associated with changes in lean body mass (IFT p = 0.05, CERT p = 0.01) in both the groups. Moreover, in the CERT group, changes in Coprococcus genus were negatively associated with energy ( p = 0.009) and fat intake ( p = 0.03) and positively associated with body fat ( p = 0.02). Overall, the findings indicate that using resistance training paired with either intermittent or continuous energy restriction, result in similar changes in bacterial diversity and shifts in relative abundance of bacterial taxa. The shift in specific bacterial taxa were positively associated with measures of physical health providing further support to the proposed relationship between energy consumption, exercise, gut microbiota, and physical health.


It is embedded in a small high-pressure containment vessel of the steam generator and a copolymer coolant loss in pressurized water reactor (PWR) comprising a one-piece reactor pressure vessel accident (LOCA; loss of coolant accident) the manual emergency cooling made in response to, the makeup without the addition of lowering the pressure of the pressure vessel to a pressure less than the containment vessel and to remain true covered the reactor core cooling water circulating through an steam generator and an external heat exchange at a rate sufficient to reverse the mass flow flowing out of the pressure vessel to It is provided by. A compact high pressure suppression containment tank of the inner container provides a make-up water to be supplied by Ebisu and gravity to cool the reactor core in order to limit the maximum pressure in the containment vessel. If necessary, the air, the top of the spherical containment vessel is provided with a variety of cooling water by natural circulation. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), the containment vessel, loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the reactor core, cooling, safety systems,


Although I also have endured a few sessions of the UN Law of the Sea Conference, I have a very different interpretation of events from that described by Riddihough in a recent Eos Oceanography Report (Eos, 62, Dec. 1, p. 1162). In fact, his letter is sufficiently misleading to demand comment.

It is certainly difficult to distinguish among academic, economic (commercial?), and military research solely on the basis of the types of measurements made. A more useful test is whether the results are openly published. For example, in this country, academic research (about 11% of which is supported by the Office of Naval Research) is openly published, while that of corporations and of military laboratories often is not.


A biographic portrait of Guillelmus de Aragonia, royal physician and medicinae magister (a degree very likely obtained at Montpellier), provides the context for his
De nobilitate animi , probably composed in the 1280s. This article focuses on the troubadour quotations that Guillelmus used to
develop his argument: the original sources are identified whenever possible, and the way Guillelmus adapts them is analysed.


There have been plenty of changes for apprentices and their employers on both federal and state government levels this year, affecting both incentives for employers and benefits for apprentices. Federal changes (at the time of writing) only affect the apprentices' benefits - but in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, big changes to state legislation will affect both parties. Find out what this means for you.


Abstract The purpose of the research was to understand women's motivations for wearing inconspicuous fan dress (IFD) within various settings and social contexts, and to explore how IFD contributes to fans' social and personal identities and personal distinctiveness. Prior to this research, there was one study conducted on fan dress (Shipley, 2010). Previous researchers studied fan cultures using the concept of brand community, but did so within limited social contexts (Kozinets, 2001; Muniz & O'Guinn, 2001; Schau, Muniz, & Arnould, 2009; Shipley, 2010; Thompson, 2009). Other researchers focused on costume relating to fandom rather than everyday forms of fan dress (Chen 2007; Mishou, 2015; Schau et al., 2009; Taylor, 2009). A qualitative research design was selected due to the exploratory nature of this topic. Thirty-three online and in-person interviews were conducted with females who wore dress related to science fiction and fantasy films and television series. Participants wore a variety of fandoms, which included Star Wars, Marvel Comics (Avengers or Deadpool), DC Comics (Batman), and anime fandoms like Sailor Moon. The interview data were managed using NVivo qualitative analysis software and analyzed using the constant comparison method (Creswell, 2007; Reddy-Best & Pedersen, 2015). Four major themes emerged from the data in the current research. These included: (a) types of fan dress, (b) personal motivations, (c) social motivations, and (d) impression management. By comparing the results to concepts found within a pre-existing theoretical framework combining Erving Goffman's (1959) Dramaturgy, Social Identity Theory, and the concept of brand community, it was found that for some participants, wearing forms of IFD functioned as a secret code, indicating that she was a "real" fan. It was also discovered that female fans gain distinctiveness within mainstream culture by managing impressions. At the same time gain distinctiveness within their fan cultures by taking part in "feminine competencies," (Cherry, 2013, pp. 107-108). The results led to the development of The Taxonomy of Fan Dress, which provided a more holistic view of female fans' dress practices and a deeper understanding of how different types of fan dress function within fan cultures.


In order to explore the temporal and spatial distribution and motion state of the grains of wheatgrass (Agropyron) seeds and powder in pelleting process, and to find the optimal inlet air speed of pelleting premixer, the pelleting forming mechanism was revealed. Based on Herz-Mindlin contact theory, the contact mechanics model of seed and powder was established. Besides, CPFD software was used to model and simulate the pelleting premixer, and the contact, collision and friction rules among particles were analysed. The simulation and experimental results show that with the increase of inlet wind speed, the bed expansion increases and the unit volume particle concentration decreases, while the air pressure difference only slightly increases. When the inlet wind speed is set at 3.5 m/s, the atomizing nozzle velocity is set at 4.1 m/s, and the seed coating agent flow rate is 0.36 L/min, the particles are suspended due to air isolation, forming a spouted fluidized bed. It is good for seed and powder contact and rapid prototyping. In this time, the pelleting qualified rate was 95.8%. The results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research of small irregular seeds pelletizing technology.


To develop tools for identifying and addressing medication adherence barriers so that they are asthma‐specific, to assess pharmacists' perspectives on the use of the tools and their implementation in the community pharmacy practice.


Histamine and polyamines have been implicated in the mediation of cell proliferation. Our previous work linked the growth‐modulatory effects of histamine with its binding to intracellular sites in microsomes and nuclei of various tissues. In this study, we identify cytochrome P450 enzymes as a major component of microsomal intracellular sites in hepatocytes and demonstrate that polyamines compete with high affinity for histamine binding to them. Spectral measurement of histamine binding to P450 in liver microsomes resolved high and intermediate affinity binding sites (Ks1 = 2.4 ± 1.6 μM; Ks2 = 90 ± 17 μM) that corresponded to microsomal binding sites (Kd1 = 1.0 ± 0.9 μM; Kd2 = 57 ± 13 μM) resolved by 3H‐histamine binding; additional low affinity (Kd3 ∼ 3 mM), and probably physiologically irrelevant, sites were resolved only by 3H‐histamine radioligand studies. As determined spectrally, treatment of microsomes with NADPH/carbon monoxide decreased histamine binding to P450 by about 90% and, as determined by 3H‐histamine binding, abolished the high affinity sites and reduced by 85% the number of intermediate sites. Spermine competed potently for 3H‐histamine binding: in microsomes, Ki = 9.8 ± 5.8 μM; in nuclei, Ki = 13.7 ± 3.1 μM; in chromatin, Ki = 46 ± 33 nM. Polyamines inhibited the P450/histamine absorbance complex with the rank order of potency: spermine > spermidine ≫ putrescine. In contrast, histamine did not compete for 3H‐ spermidine binding in nuclei or microsomes, suggesting that polyamines modulate histamine binding allosterically. We propose that certain P450 isozymes that modulate gene function by controlling the level of oxygenated lipids, represent at least one common intracellular target of growth‐regulatory endogenous bioamines and, as shown previously, of exogenous growth‐modulatory drugs including antiestrogens, antiandrogens, and certain antidepressants and antihistamines. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:233–243, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper introduces the application of new technologies,new materials and new technologies of Wuxi museum.It aslo presents the application of these new technologics such as framework-steel support system,large-scale special-shaped compound curtainwall,hyperoolic spherical wall and so on.


Ethiopian coffee production is greatly hampered by frequent droughts.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system for coffee production on a farm. Additionally, it estimated the amount of water required for coffee crops. An experiment was conducted on a 5-year-old coffee plant with 2m spacing between lines and 2m between plants. Catch cans were used to evaluate the system performance of the installed drip irrigation system. Based on these, the average hydraulic characteristics of the installed drip irrigation system, distribution uniformity was 93.55%, Christiansen uniformity coefficient was 95.40%, flow variation was 18.52%, and coefficient of variation was 5.59%. Coffee plants grew and produced more when irrigation was used. A fresh cherry yield of 6785 kg ha-1 was obtained under irrigated coffee and 2346 kg ha-1 under non-irrigated coffee. Compared to non-irrigated coffee, irrigated coffee had the highest crop water use efficiency of 2.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, and the lowest was obtained 1.7 kg ha-1 mm-1, under non-irrigated coffee. Similarly, irrigated coffee had the highest irrigation water use efficiency (3.6 kg m-3), whereas non-irrigated coffee had the lowest (1.4 kg m-3). These findings show that drip irrigation, compared to non-irrigated coffee plants, enhances yield and water use efficiency by 65% and 60%, respectively. In order to boost production, yield, yield components, and irrigation water use efficiency, drip irrigation is a helpful irrigation technique in locations with limited water resources and extended drought spells.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 42-47, June 2023


Objective To assess effects of the relative factors on the prognosis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Methods 48 cases with CPR were selected from January 2001 to May 2005 in our emergency intensive care unit(EICU).They were divided into failure group(A group),success group(B group) and survival group(C group) according as resuscitation was successful or not.The age,complication,arrest times,rescuing times,survival times,Glasgow coma scales(GCS) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) scores of all the cases were analyzed.Results Age,arrest times and rescuing times were significantly younger and shorter in B and C group than those in A group(P0.05),but there were no statistical differences between B and C group.Compared with A and B groups,survival times,GCS and APACHEⅡ scores were markedly longer and lower in group C(P0.01).All the cases had complication,and cardiocerebral vascular diseases and respiratory diseases were first diseases.Conclusions Age was an important factor in resuscitation.It was very high risk for the cases with cardiocerebral vascular diseases and respiratory diseases.Arrest times were a key factor in successful CPR and cerebral resuscitation was the most important factor for the survival who discharged from the hospital, APACHEⅡ may predict the prognosis of CPR.


Through the analysis and comparison of the merits and demerits of the electronic periodical and the paper periodical, this paper points out that the electronic periodical can't completely replace the paper periodical and exists independently because of its own limitation, and in a quite long period of time, the two kinds of periodicals will co-exist and complement each other and play their function of information service commonly.


A biological method for making the components of nano-electronic devices is proposed, which is named bio nano process (BNP). Using the BNP, the nanodot memory nodes of the floating gate memory were fabricated and excellent endurance and retention time were demonstrated


In this paper, the problems and solutions of laboratory opening system is discussed, a laboratory reservation system is designed based on mobile device, students and teachers can use smart device to login laboratory reservation system, make reservation and management of laboratory whenever and wherever as possible. The laboratory reservation system would made administrator's management more convenient, and reservation for students is no longer confined to location, laboratory reservation system would greatly improve the efficiency of the use of the laboratory.


The situation of a solid cylindrical antenna excited by a narrow circumferential gap is considered, and an approximation which is realistic, simple, and very accurate is obtained for the aperture electric field.


A new approach has been developed to simultaneously estimate steady-state hydraulic conductivities (K), state variables, and boundary condition for a two-dimensional fractured aquifer under confined condition. This method directly incorporates noisy observed hydraulic head and flow rate data at the measurement points, without solving a boundary value problem. Given suffi- cient measurement data, the method yields well-posed systems of equations that can be solved effi- ciently with linear optimization. The solution is also stable when measurement errors are increased. In this work the method is tested on inverting groundwater flow for a confined fractured aquifer. Computational experiments have been performed for five fracture patterns, where the observation data are obtained from a true model without imposing measurement errors. The results have proved the validity of this new approach. The first pattern is a domain penetrated by a single vertical frac- ture, and the error of the estimated fracture conductivity (K fracture ) is almost 0. The second pattern is a domain penetrated by a single horizontal fracture, and the error of the estimated K fracture is 4.57%. The third pattern is a domain penetrated by a vertical fracture and a horizontal fracture, and the er- ror is 5.29%. The fourth pattern is same as the third, except that the fracture volume is 25 times greater, and the error is 0.70%. All of the previous patterns have been tested for a K fracture /K background ratio of 10. The fifth pattern is a domain penetrated by a set of orthogonal fractures, two of which runs from the left bottom corner to the right top corner and the other one runs from the left top cor- ner to the right bottom corner. This pattern has been tested for a K fracture /K background range of 10 1 to 10 6 , and the biggest conductivity estimation error among this set of numerical experiments is 5.27%.


High indoor throughput is fundamental for the current Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) and future 5G networks. Carrier aggregation and femto-cells are foreseen as major solutions to boost the throughput. Therefore, an in-home widespread multiband wired backbone for LTE-A traffic is highly desirable. Plastic optical fibers (POFs) are an attractive medium to transport LTE-A for short distances. Especially for applications in in-home communications, POF shows remarkable advantages such as easy do-ityourself fiber installation. This paper demonstrates the successful transmission of 9 OFDM 64-QAM LTE-A band signals over a 35 m long 1mm core diameter PMMA graded-index POF link and 3.5m line-of-sight anechoic chamber wireless transmission.


I review the existing theoretical uncertainties in relating the semileptonic decay width in b->u transitions to the underlying Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing element |V_ub|. The theoretical error bars are only a few percent in |V_ub|, with uncertainties from the impact of the nonperturbative effects nearly negligible.


— menstrual health and hygiene is challenging issue today. Poor menstrual hygiene has been not enough recognized problem. This review paper explores the research articles related to menstrual health and hygiene scope and opportunities for hygiene products and awareness about menstruation among the rural India. It also examine the cross sectional study of menstrual hygiene and usage of sanitary napkins. The objective of this review paper is to find out the attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene also examines the challenges related to hygiene products. Market opportunities and challenges are also determined in this review paper. This paper is also highlights the truth behind non usage of sanitary napkins. This tells entrepreneurial opportunities in the hygiene products manufacturing sector. examination were reject from the investigation. Educated assent was acquired from the participants and an organized survey to discover the influence of instruction on spongy utilize, impact of broad communications on permeable utilize, odds of getting recolored on utilizing different retentive, impact of permeable on urinary tract disease, genital wash, hand wash conclusion about menstrual cleanliness, technique for transfer of sponges and so forth was regulated by the specialists. The mindfulness level of the subject was additionally surveyed and she was instructed concerning the unfriendly impacts of her propensity after the investigation. In our examination we found that the utilization of clean napkins among provincial ladies was 57.6% and 42.4% utilize material. 78.8% of ladies knew that it is a physiological procedure. 88.4% of ladies have general menstrual cycle. 12.4% of ladies have menorrhagia. 15.2% ladies experienced urinary tract contamination. 37.20% experience the ill effects of white release. 52.80% experience the ill effects of lower stomach torment. 72.8% of ladies have isolate lavatories at home. 91.2 % of ladies have the propensity for washing privates. 86.3 % of ladies have the propensity for appropriate transfer. 56.40% of ladies are confined from performing pooja amid monthly cycle. 40.60% of ladies maintain a strategic distance from particular sustenance things amid monthly cycle. In this investigation, among those ladies who utilized garments, 61.3% utilizations pick cremation as their technique for transfer and among the individuals who utilized napkins


In the Archivo del Real Monasterio de Guadalupe there are nine codices of miracles attributed to Santa María Guadalupe, known as Los Milagros de Guadalupe, which contain almost nineteen hundred stories covering an extensive time span, between the beginning of the 15th century and mid-century of 18th. The stories of devout pilgrims give an account of their faith in Santa María de Guadalupe, and are collected by anonymous monks and copyists in charge of expurgating, from these generally individual experiences, any heretical connotation. Due to references to biblical texts, sermons and bestiaries, mainly, they manage to underline the sensory and affective links between the religious experiences of the pilgrims and the truths of the Christian faith. That is why the sensoriality of the animal world is very important in the narratives referring to the liberation of Christian captives in the hands of the Moors during the 15th and 16th centuries: the sensory experiences indicated in the discourse allow identifying the common ties and the particularities of the Christian group and oppose it to the Muslim community.


The energy storage system is considered to be one of the useful devices for energy storing and recycling. the energy storage system can save energy cost and stabilize the system voltage. This paper presents the development of two energy storage systems. One is 750V system for light rail system. the other is 1500V system for heavy rail system.


The paper places an emphasis on the fact that many publications on complex reliability assessment of electric power and fuel systems do not always substantiate the application of various methods. We address the "system", "nodal", and "estimation" approaches to assess the reliability of electric power systems, given reliable fuel supply to power plants. These approaches are accompanied by an  analysis of their correspondence to the objectives and goals of the study, as well as an  analysis of the validity of their application in terms of the obtained result accuracy, research time, complexity of search for and preparation of the input data and forms of their representation in a model. All the approaches were tested in case studies. The nodal and system approaches were tested on a conventional power system, while the estimation approach was tested on design diagrams of the gas and electric power systems of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.


View looking down Church Street (now known as Elliot Street) with the Royal Hotel on the right; McCready & Love (tailors), Mechanics Institute; dentist, saddler, and other businesses on the left. The Masonic Hotel can be seen in the far distance on the left. Two women are standing at the entrance to the Mechanics Institute; a pram is on the footpath outside the dentist; a cyclist is heading towards the photographer and horseriders can be seen in the far distance. Photograph taken by William A Price in early 1900s.
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom centre - Church St. Opotiki, NZ. 2213D
Relationship complexity - An almost identical image at 1/2-001300-G
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4.5 x 6.5 inches


The subject of this study was to compare the seropre valence of Border Disease Virus (BDV) infection using an indirect Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) test among imported and native sheep herds. The present study was carried out between January and June 2012. Totally، 182 serum samples was tested. Antibodies against BDV were detected using an indirect ELISA test. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. 124 (68.13%) sheep were ELISA seropositive. However، the true BDV seropre valence ranged from 71 to 100 was within the herds. The prevalence in animals lower than 2 years old differed significantly with sheep higher than 2 years old (P<0.05). The results revealed no significant differences in sropre valence of BDV between native Iranian and imported sheep herds in Sistan and Baluchistan provinces of Iran. Sex of animal had on influence on the prevalence of BDV. Results of this study indicated that BDV is highly prevalent in north of Sistan and Baluchistan and BDV infection could be controlled by livestock-trade control and applying strict biosecurity in the sheep farms.


The present invention relates to a device for driving an LED lamp compatible with a circle, flat panel light (FPL), and a fluorescent lamp stabilizer capable of operating a bimetallic switch by including the bimetallic switch in a load sensing unit when heat is generated above a certain temperature; recognizing a light load by decreasing an impedance value of the load sensing unit; and reducing a risk of fire due to deterioration. The device for driving the LED lamp compatible with the circle, the FPL, and the fluorescent lamp stabilizer comprises: first to fourth connection terminals which are connected to the fluorescent lamp stabilizer; first and second fuses which are provided in output ends of the first and second connection terminals; the load sensing unit which senses a load of AC power inputted through the first and second connection terminals and the third and fourth connection terminals; a rectifying unit which converts the AC power applied through the load sensing unit to DC power; and an LED unit which receives the DC power outputted through the rectifying unit, and is driven.


Aim: To explore the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) on proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis of human lung cancer cell line A549 and expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) .Methods: A549 cells were treated by PDTC with different concentrations(25,50,100,200 μmol/L) for different time(24,48,72 h) respectively.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition rates of cell growth.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of cell cycle.Hoechst33342 staining was used to observe the apoptosis of cells with the fluorescence microscope.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of AEG-1.Results: PDTC inhibited the A549 cell proliferation in a timeand dose-dependent manner(Ftime=531.981,Fconcentration=388.475,P0.05) .In contrast to the control,the percentage of cells in G 0/G1 phase increased significantly in PDTC group(P0.05) with apparent apoptotic morphological changes.The mRNA and protein expressions of AEG-1 were reduced with increasing concentration of PDTC (F=275.162 and 59.473,P0.05) .Conclusion: PDTC can inhibit the proliferation,and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells.The mechanism may be related to the down-regulated expressions of NF-κB and AEG-1 gene induced by PDTC.


【In order to improve the reliability of XLPE cables, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of electrical and water tree degradation. Especially, electrical tree initiation and propagation are important in XLPE cable insulation. This paper deals with the changes of electrical properties of XLPE cable insulation with electrical tree degradation. To understand the electrical properties of XLPE insulation, specimens were prepared by 22.9kV distribution cable and made in a type of block. Ogura needles having tip radius of 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were inserted into each block pieces. AC voltages of 8kV, 10kV and 12kV at 60Hz were applied to needle. We investigated the relationship between electrical properties(PD quantity, tan $\delta$ and DC current) and the growth of electrical tree. The electrical properties of the specimens were measured from initiation of tree to breakdown and their characteristics were analyzed.】


moieties in the products. The condensation of unsubstituted phenols with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in trifluoroacetic acid produces insoluble resins. The structure of all compounds 3a-d were deduced from their IR, IH, 13CNMR and Mass spectral data. The IR spectra show a very broad strong absorption bands in the region 3200-3650 cm", which are characteristic for the hydroxy groups. Undoubtedly, this broadening is the result of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The I H NMR spectra show a multiplet in the region {) 1.7-1.8 assigned to the methylene, a multiplet in the region {) 4.3-4.8 assigned to the methine protons and also a singlet in the


We report ellipsometric measurements made on semiconductor samples using photon-correlated beams produced by the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Such a source yields higher accuracy than its quantum-limited conventional counterpart. We also show that our approach has the added advantage of not requiring an external reference sample for calibration.


Anatomical irregularities in xylem caused by frost, drought and insect attack are described. The value of these irregularities as a diagnostic tool for silviculture and in determining the history of a tree is discussed.


T H E BRITISH W H I T E PAPER on a National Health Service was made public on February 17 . In it the Minister of Health and the Secretary of Sta te for Scotland recommend the establishment of a National Health Service "which will provide for everyone all the medical advice, t rea tment and care they may require." The proposals are offered a t this time for discussion in Par l iament and in the country but not as fixed decisions. "The Government will welcome constructive criticism and they hope t h a t the next stage—the stage of consultat ion and public discussion—will enable them to submit quickly to Pa r l iament legislative proposals which will be largely agreed." The British Medical Association has given the proposals a "cautious welcome" and plans to send a copy of the White Paper, together with an analysis of it in relation to the pr inciples already adopted by the profession and a questionnaire prepared by the British Inst i tute of Public Opinion, to every doctor, whether civilian or in the armed forces, a t home or abroad, member or nonmember of the Association. The Prime Minister, speaking to the Royal College of Physicians on March 2, emphasized the desire of the Government for constructive criticism of the plan. "We ask your aid. We invite your counsel."


By 1914 most Lancashire towns, including many small towns, maintained an art gallery at municipal expense. The origins and practical purpose of these galleries were more diverse than one might imagine. Yet, by 1914, the Lancashire art world faced something of a crisis. The generation of great Lancastrian patrons seemed to be receding. Modern revisionist thinking viewed many of Lancashire's Victorian public art collections as outdated. The grand galleries of the nineteenth century were expensive to maintain and often poorly attended. This final chapter examines the reasons for this crisis and the way some innovative thinkers attempted to respond.


Abstract  This work provides an overview of key economic aspects surrounding Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and   the issued "application tokens" (also known as appcoins). The purpose here is to layout a simple and   accessible mental model of the structural and dynamic properties of ICOs and the overall market.  Part 1 introduces tokens, ICOs and the concept of regulatory arbitrage and how the latter may apply to  the current token issuance process. A mental model is constructed to understand the structural (or   microeconomic) properties of application tokens, and their proposed commercial purposes and    issuance models. Key aspects of this analysis are to demonstrate the economic realities (and   complexities) of the issuance process and the tokens themselves.  ICO market dynamics (or macroeconomic) properties are assessed in Part 2. Here the key focus is to   highlight the potentially unsustainable and unstable state of the current market using known   economic frameworks.  Part 3 summarises key legal, regulatory and communications aspects that could provide stability (or a    softer landing) to the ICO market in a possible abrupt decline from the current state.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) was reported as the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide with approximately 1.93 million new cases reported in 2020. Within the U.S., the incidence and death rates differ by ethnicity. Among Hispanics, CRC accounted for 12% and 8% of all estimated new cases of cancer and 11% and 9% of all cancer deaths in men and women, respectively, in 2018. Though CRC is preventable, and the overall survival rate is approximately 90% when detected at early stages, only about 39% of CRC patients are diagnosed in the early stages, mostly because screening rates in the US are low, especially among Hispanics. Access to health care for Hispanics is limited when compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs); as a result, they tend to present with later-stage CRC, which likely accounts for their inferior survival after CRC. Essential to improving treatment, prognosis, and detection strategies is the identification and validation of new ethnicity-specific transcriptomic profiles. Here, we have conducted RNA sequencing from Hispanic and NHW CRC (n=10 each) and normal adjacent tissues (NATs; n=3 each), to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these two populations. The Illumina sequencing reads were mapped against the reference human genome, and the read counts were normalized using the median of ratios method using DESeq2 software. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that as compared to the respective NATs, 7222 and 7873 genes were observed to be differentially expressed in NHW and Hispanic CRC tissues. Among these, 213 and 363 genes were unique to the NHW and Hispanic CRC cohorts, respectively. Within the Hispanic cohort, gender-based analyses revealed that 504 and 266 genes were differentially expressed in the female and male donors (n=5 each), respectively, as compared to the NHW counterparts. Further, 271 and 475 genes were found to be differentially expressed in early (stage I/II; n=5) and late (stage III/IV; n=3) stages of Hispanic CRC tissues, respectively, as compared to the NHW counterparts. Pathway enrichment analysis of the unique DEGs from the Hispanic and NHW cohorts was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis, ferroptosis, and GABA receptor signaling pathways were seen to be enriched in the NHW cohort, whereas the genes involved in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, bile, and androgen biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the Hispanic cohort. Previous studies have implicated, GR signaling to promote tumor heterogeneity and invasion in CRC via CDK1, or bile acids to regulate numerous genes including p53, CDK1, cyclooxygenase 2, IL8, and various miRNAs leading to CRC metastasis. As each pathway likely regulates specific cellular behaviors, the DEGs identified from this study will constitute potential ethnicity-specific biomarkers or attractive targets for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
 Citation Format: Soumya Nair, Aditi Kulkarni, Sourav Roy. Transcriptomic profiling of Hispanic colorectal cancer disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1933.


A study on the mechanism of biliary and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol has been performed in the dog. 1) Chloramphenicol administered intravenously to dogs with ligated renal pedicle, readily appeared in bile greater than in plasma. 6.9% of a 50mg /kg i. v. dose of chloramphenicol were excreted into bile within 100 minutes. During the same periods of above experiment, the bile/plasma concentration ratios(B/P ratios) were 46 to 87. 2) Chloramphenicol injected into the vein of dog was rapidly excreted into urine. 18% of the administered dose were excreted into urine within 70 minutes. In the same periods of this experiment, Ccm/Ccr ratios were greater than 1.0 in most cases. 3) In experiment of simultaneous measurement of biliary and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol, Ccm/Ccr ratios were less than 1.0 and B/P ratios were 50 to 52. 4) In experiment measured simultaneously biliary and urinary excretion both Ccm/Ccr and (hepatic clearance) were significantly declined by probenecid, but not affected by 2,4-DNP and aminophylline although 2,4-DNP increased only bile flow and aminophylline both bile and urine volume. 5) Ccm/Ccr and were increased in proportion to increment of plasma concentration ranging from 3.3 to 30 mg% of chloramphenicol. But when plasma concentration were increased to 70mg %, Ccm/Ccr were not increased and were reduced about 30% in comparison with values obtajned at 30mg% of chloramphenicol. 6) Free/Bound(free to bouid from) ratios ranging from 1.0 to 90.0mg% of chloramphenicol were 76.2+3.72% Above results suggest that chloramphenicol is excreted into bile by a process of active trasport, that excretion of chloramphenicol into urine was made up with dual process, reabsorption and secretion, and that renal secretion was attained by active trasport process although renal reabsorption process could not understand.


The present invention includes that, coding method according to a lossless audio coding / decoding method and apparatus is converted into an audio spectral signal in the frequency domain having an integer value of the audio signal in the time domain; Mapping the audio signal in the frequency domain into bit-plane signal with respect to the frequency; Obtaining a most significant bit and a Golomb parameter for each bit-plane; From the most significant bit the least significant bit, the method comprising: selecting a binary sample on a bit-plane to be coded in the order from low frequency components higher frequency components; Calculating the context of the selected binary sample, for each of a plurality of frequency lines existing in the frequency lines around the selected binary sample belongs using the significances of already coded bit-planes; Using the obtained Golomb parameter and the calculated contexts selecting a probability model; And it is using the selected probability model is composed of a step of a lossless coding the binary sample. According to the present invention, it provides a more superior compressibility than BPGC through context-based coding method having optimal performance.


Examination of the mesenteric arteries of experimental hypertensive rats revealed leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, leukocyte infiltration, deposition of fibrinoid substance in the intima, and severe medial smooth muscle cell injury. After injecting hypertensive rats with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), formazan deposits which were reaction product that NBT was reduced by superoxide were observed in the endothelial and medial cells of uninjured arteries. Formazan deposition was observed in neutrophils in the lumen of the injured arteries, neutrophils adhering to their endothelium, and neutrophils that had infiltrated in the intima and media. Marked upregulation copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression was found in the endothelial cells of the arteries of hypertensive rats. Endothelial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS: NOS II) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS: NOS III) was strong in the arteries of normotensive rats and decreased in the injured arteries of hypertensive rats, but slight iNOS upregulation was found in the endothelium of uninjured arteries. Deposition of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) was observed in the intima of the injured arteries of hypertensive rats. Conclusion: Hypertensive arterial disease is the result of hypertension-induced oxidative stress produced by neutrophils, endothelial cells, and medial smooth muscle cells as well as enzyme activity release by neutrophils activated by hypertension.


survey in Fordenone arca The article describes how the Risk Analysis concept has been applied in the official controls of food products in the Pordenone area. By using the "Risk ranking" method it was possible to adapt the Risk Assessment to the specificity of food inspections. This model was also tested through an inspection survey carried out to estimate the level of risk present in the 109 bakeries operating in this area. Inspectors used a check-list to collect data about the risk level relative to each food establishment examined. The information collected permitted grouping them in specific "Risk categories". Just 1% of the operators examined were classified in the High Risk Category. The article finally highlights the importance of "Risk Communication" addressed both to food establishments and to consumers. This aspect was widely discussed in conferences which also involved the participation of the local mass media.


Objective
To investigate the curative effect of laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) for 3 years in China.

Methods
Clinical data of 58 patients with T2DM undergoing LGBP from Apr.2012 to Mar. 2014 was studied retrospectively. Weight, blood glucose, blood lipids and surgical complications were observed in 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months after operation, and compared by t-test or rank sum test.

Results
Among 58 cases of T2DM patients were successfully completed LGBP without conversion to laparotomy. Weight reached the lowest level at 9 months after LGBP. The average weight were lower respectively at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively compared with preoperative (P< 0.05). The complete remission rate of T2DM were 72.5%, 71.4% and 52.9% respectively at 12, 24 and 36 months after operation. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)decreased to a minimum level at 6 months after operation. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) fell to a minimum level 9 months postoperatively. FPG and HbA1c were lower respectively at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively compared with preoperative (P< 0.05). Triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were significantly improved three years after LGBP compared with preoperative (P< 0.05). There were 1 case of gastrointestinal anastomotic stenosis and 1 case of Y anastomotic bleeding in small intestine after LGBP.

Conclusions
LGBP is safe and effective in the mid-term effect of T2DM in China.

Key words:
Laparoscopic; Gastric bypass; Type 2; Diabetes mellitus; Bariatric surgery


The following topics are included in the conference proceedings following the program overview: (1) Coding and Carrier Recovery Techniques; (2) Carrier Frequency Estimation Under Unknown Doppler Shifts; (3) Small Satellite Experiments; (4) Bandwidth Efficient Modulation/Equalization Techniques.


This study aimed to clarify the influence of job characteristics on organizational commitment of employees in construction companies. Job characteristics include skill variety, task identity, task significance, Autonomy and feedback. Meanwhile, the concept of organizational commitment is to support the interests of organizations, including affec-tive commitment, continuant commitment and normative commitment. Using multiple regression technique was found that job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feed-back has the effect on employee organizational commitment for construction companies.


The solubility selectivity for benzo[a]pyrene and dissolved amount for coal tar pitch of single solvent,mixed solvents were studied.Using maleic anhydride as modifying agent and sulfuric acid as catalyst,the solvent effect on reducing the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in coal tar pitch was investigated.The mixed solvents,cyclohexane and toluene,cyclohexane and butyl acetate had appropriate benzo[a]pyrene solubility selectivity and coal tar pitch solubility.When using cyclohexane∶toluene = 2∶1(v/v),cyclohexane∶butyl acetate =2∶1(v/v)as reaction solvent,benzo[a]pyrene in coal tar pitch could be removed efficiently,with decreases of 88.26% and 90.83% for benzo[a]pyrene in coal tar pitch respectively.Using these kinds of solvent,benzo[a]pyrene wrapped in coal tar pitch could be released.In addition,a homogeneous system between modifying agent and benzo[a]pyrene was formed,with most non-carcinogenic high molecular weight PAHs and modifying agent forming a two phase system.As a result,the effective reaction between modifying agent and benzo[a]pyrene was greatly improved.


This article, the second in a two-part series on the history of asphalt mix design in North America, discusses the development and history of Superpave mix design. Superpave was developed as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) from 1987 to 1993. Superpave mix design had three levels of increasing complexity. The author describes the empirical volumetric properties that are to be included in Superpave, covering air voids, voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), voids filled with asphalt (VFA); the SHRP used a group of technical experts to better define the important properties of Superpave through a series of five questionnaires. Components and issues covered by the expert panel were compaction, air voids, VMA, VFA, aggregate gradation, crushed faces, and the use of natural sand. The author concludes with a section on the limitations of current mix design systems (Marshall, Hveem, or Superpave) and notes that mixture designs that incorporate performance prediction may still be at least 10 years in the future.


The concept of special fertilizer for reducing pollution in vegetable has been put forward in connection with present situation of heavy metal pollution in the production of pollution-free vegetables. Heavy metals, Pb and Cd, which were popularly accumulated in vegetables, were selected as test indexes in heavy metal passivators screening and the application effect of special fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution in vegetables. The experimental results showed that all 4 different kinds of passivators were able to reduce the available content of heavy metals in soil, and then decreased the Pb and Cd contents in Brassica rapa L.Chinensis by 13.4%~46.7% and 18.9%~38.1% respectively. The available contents of Pb and Cd in soil were obviously related with the contents of Pb and Cd in the vegetable. The regression equations were YPb=-2.475+0.092x(r2=0.864*) and YCd=-0.027+0.620x(r2=0.842*) respectively. Considering the comprehensive factors such as the matching of fertilizers with passivators, base-phosphorus and solid sulfide were selected as passivators in manufacturing the special fertilizer. Adding passivators (especially matching with organic manures) could reduce the pollution coefficients of Pb from 0.89 to 0.11 and 0.74, Cd from 1.36 to 0.02, and the yield of Lpomoea aquetica increase d by 7.77%~70.71%. According to the observation of the ultrastructure of leaf cells, adding passivators could alleviate the damage of cell physiological activity and biochemical reaction by decreasing the damnification of chloroplast and mitochondria's structure. Moreover, the passivators could increase the yield and decrease pollution by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of Lpomoea aquetica.


A method of performing an endothermic reaction in the reactor tube containing the catalyst used, the catalyst comprising a catalyst promotes the endothermic reaction tube, the method comprising the steps of:. A catalyst contained in the catalyst tube from the entry end toward the flowing through the exit end of the channel feedstream, b. the outer surface of the catalyst tubes and the heating temperature and with an initial feed stream and heating medium stream flowing in contact to the outer surface of the heat by convection, c. after the heating medium in contact with the catalyst tubes, said heating medium is mixed with at least part of the fresh heating medium having a higher ratio of the initial heating temperature of the starting temperature, heat flow and to form an initial heating temperature medium of the present invention also relates to a reactor for performing the method.


ou see Don Rainwater, a 49-year-old with newly diagnosed renal failure, preparing to eat lunch. He's been dissatisfied with hospital food, so his family has brought him food from home-ham, tomato soup, and pecan pie. Since he's also diabetic, you know immediately that this is an inappropriate meal for him. You also wonder what effect meals like that might have on his kidney disease. The dietitian isn't immediately available, so it's up to you to intervene with him and his family and identify what he must and mustn't eat and why. Chances are, this is a familiar scenario. Since dietitians' time with patients may be limited, nurses typically find themselves not only teaching patients about nutrition, but acting as "diet police," addressing compliance issues with patients and family members. The stakes are especially high when renal disease complicates the picture. Lack of adherence to dietary constraints may have serious consequences. Here we'll review the special dietary needs of patients in renal failure and demonstrate how you can help them comply with stringent dietary restrictions. Armed with these techniques, you'll be better prepared to intervene whenever wellmeaning families decide to "treat" their hospitalized loved ones to their favorite foods.


The progressive development of LES approach in prediction of different fluid problems has resulted in widespread studies about LES and the effective parameters on its efficiency and accuracy. One important issue is boundary condition and particularly the inflow condition which directly affects the LES results. The inflow quantity consists of two parts: mean and fluctuations. Prediction of fluctuations is rather a serious challenge and needs more attention. One important usage of this subject is in generating the interface for a hybrid LES/RANS approach. The aim of this paper is to compose different methods in generating the inlet boundary conditions.


The pump-to-signal intensity modulation transfer in saturated degenerate FOPAs is numerically investigated over the whole gain bandwidth. The intensity modulation transfer decreases and the OSNR improves when the amplifier operates in the saturation regime.


Objective To observe the effect of minocycline on cell apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,sodium chloride solution group,minocycline preconditioning group,high-dose minocycline group and low-dose minocyclie group.There were 6 rats in each group.Middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in the rats using the suture method.The effect of minocycline on apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),immunohistochemisry,Hoechst staining and T2WI. Results It was found that there were a few caspase-3 positive cells and apoptosis of cerebral cortex cells in sham operation group and a large number of the above-mentioned cells in sodium chloride solution group.Compared with sham operation group,the neuron apoptosis was significantly decreased,the optical density of caspase-3 and intenleukin-1β converting enzyme(ICE) expression were significantly increased in sodium chloride solution group(P0.01 or 0.05).Compared with sodium chloride solution group,the neuron apoptosis was significantly increased,the relative volume of cerebral ischemia,the optical density of caspase-3 and ICE expression were significantly decreased in minocycline preconditioning group,large-dose minocycline group and low-dose minocyclie group(P0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion The minocycline can inhibit the neuron apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.


The dynamic compression for hearing devices and, in particular hearing aids should be free of distortion and virtually carried out in real time. To this end it is proposed from the audio input signal and the modulation spectrum (MS) to win. Subsequently, the modulation spectrum directly according to a predetermined compression function (KP) is modified. Finally, a modified or compressed output signal from the modified spectrum modulation is recovered. Alternatively, a complex envelope may be recovered from the input signal, which is filtered with the aid of time-varying modulation filtering in accordance with a predetermined compression rule. From this, can recover a distortion-free compressed output signal.


The first step of establishing a reliable waste inventory is the determination of waste factors. This study presents a detailed survey for the estimation of waste factors from different manufacturing sectors. Waste factors were obtained in units of "tons of hazardous waste generated per 1 ton of production of related industry" using waste generation figures given by Turkish Statistics Institute (TURKSTAT) and production figures given by The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB). Estimated waste factors were cross-checked with the information obtained from field surveys conducted for basic metal and metal finishing industries. The hazardous waste factors obtained from TURSTAT and TOBB data for Basic Metal Industries (37) and Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment (38) are 0.0035 and 0.0068, respectively. From the field surveys, the average hazardous waste factor of eight facilities in category (37) is estimated as 0.054 and that for six facilities in category...


ABSTRACT This paper examines the firm- and macro-level drivers of financial innovations in Kenya's commercial banks. We focus on branchless banking innovations, namely: mobile banking, agency banking, internet banking and automated teller machines. These financial innovations represent a departure from traditional branch based banking. We conduct an empirical analysis of the four financial innovations using Koyck distributed lag models, estimated using dynamic panel estimation with System Generalized Method of Moments. We use 10-year panel data from 42 out of 43 commercial banks in Kenya covering the years 2004–2013. We provide empirical evidence that at the firm level, branchless banking is driven by firm size, transaction cost, agency costs, technological developments at the firm level and firm constraints. In addition, at the macro level, regulation, technological developments at the macro level, incompleteness in financial markets and globalization are important drivers of branchless banking.


We propose a simple physical model that predicts spectral resonances of a class of microstructured optical waveguides consisting of high-index inclusions surrounding a low-index core. These resonances are largely determined by the geometry of individual high-index inclusions.


In expectation to improve the properties of production wastewater with both complicated composition and high amount of organic compounds produced by oil and grease processing enterprise, pretreatment, IC anaerobic technology and the two stage biological contact oxidation technology were combined to process the oil wastewater. It was found that the removal rate of COD, oil and ammonia nitrogen could be enhanced to 99.71%, 99.8%, 85.8%, respectively when the concentration of influent COD, grease and ammonia nitrogen were 32500mg/L, 2800mg/L and 95 mg/L. Besides, the effluent quality could keep stable, coming up to the primary standard of the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Meanwhile, biogas, a kind of clean secondary energy, was also produced during the treatment process and could be applied in both power generation and steam production, exhibiting excellent technicality and economic.


Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission rain estimates the relationship between rainfall and intensity changes in tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) based on 71 TCs during 1997–2017 is investigated. The axisymmetric analyses revealed that climatologically the Bay of Bengal (BoB) TCs produce extremely heavy rainfall (~9–10 mm⋅hr−1) and Arabian Sea TCs produce very heavy rainfall (~7–8 mm⋅hr−1) in the storm inner core region (0–100 km). The inner‐core region receives three times higher rainfall than the outer region (100–300 km). The left‐forward sector experiences the maximum rainfall for any TC intensity over the NIO basin. A significant increase (decrease) in the rain rate is seen during normal to rapid intensification (weakening) phase. A notable decrease in rainfall of ~4.3 mm⋅hr−1 is observed for the rapidly weakening TCs. Slow‐moving TCs are generally stronger and produce heavy rainfall (2–4 mm⋅hr−1) up to ~300 km storm radius. As the translation speed increases, rainfall gradually shifts from rear to the forward sector of the TC. The asymmetry (wavenumber‐1) in TC rainfall structures revealed that rainfall maximum is located in the left‐forward sector for almost all intensity stages. The amplitude of wave number‐1 asymmetry in TC rainfall shows cyclonic shift as the TC intensity increases and is particularly prevalent in the BoB region. These analyses would be helpful as a baseline for evaluating the performance of numerical models and to identify the vulnerable areas for TC heavy rainfall.


This paper reviewed the development course of the art institute (fine art and musicology) of Fujian Normal University from the angle of history evolution and discipline development, and expounded the special features of the theory of art discipline during the course of advancement and creation.


A male specimen of Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa: Tripedaliidae) was collected from Lake Wyman, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. This is the first report of this species from the continental United States and brings the total known number of cubozoan species living in this region to four. Lake Wyman is a natural lagoon/estuary ecosystem which is part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The box jellyfish was found in shallow water around the roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, where it was observed feeding on copepods attracted to light. This finding may indicate a local population in the waters of south Florida, USA, but an isolated occurrence cannot be ruled out.


Photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) was used to investigate the interface properties of deposited silicon on hexagonal 6H-silicon carbide. SiC cleaned in Si flux from a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system was used for this study. All processes were accomplished in an ultra high vacuum integrated system that allowed all cleaning, deposition, and analysis to be completed without exposure to ambient atmosphere. Thicknesses of sub- to multiple monolayers were deposited and the valence band structure was investigated. The valence band maximum (VBM) was observed to shift for Si depositions greater than 1 monolayer. The VBM offset was determined to be 2.4eV for a layer of 60A Si on SiC. Furthermore, the prominent surface state feature of the silicon carbide (0001) si surface is reduced after Si deposition. The results are discussed in terms of the electronic properties of the Si – SiC interface.


The objective of this study is to present the elements of the sportivization of the cultural practice of skateboarding (1960-1990), as knowledge for the understanding of the relation between the micro and the macro social and historical processes of skateboarding. We used the magazine Revista Tribo Skate as source of historical research for the sportiviza- tion of skateboarding in Brazil, the macro dimension, and for the micro dimension, the city of Piracicaba/SP, where we interviewed two collaborators based on the method of oral history. The results evidenced that the skateboarding has appeared to generate pleasant strong tensions, its leisure forms precede its sport form and, respecting the particularities, its macro and micro historical processes are interdependent.


In this article, an early detection incident model is proposed. This model is based on a statistical joint study of traffic density and the level of services defined for the basic freeway segments. This joint study has been calculated through a real traffic data set collected by a sensor located on a Spanish freeway stretch where a lot of high level congestion situations happen. The results achieved with this model have been compared with the incidents posted on the website of the Spanish Traffic Department. The global performance of the proposed model shows a favorable outcome.


Dipyrrolo[3,4-a:3,4-c]carbazole-1,3,4,6-tetraones can be considered as granulatimide analogues. In view of structure-activity relationship studies in these series, a parallel liquid-phase microwave-assisted synthesis was developed to generate a small library of compounds bearing various substituents at positions 8, 9, 10, or 11 on the aromatic framework.


Normal 0 21 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Species from different fungal genera have been indicated as responsible for the development of trunk diseases of grapevines. Greeneria uvicola is responsible for the bitter rot of Vitis vinifera grape bunchesnear harvest, and can also attack other Vitis species. In Uruguay, G. uvicola was isolated from dead arm affected grapevines and as an endophyte from healthy canes. Cadophora luteo-olivacea is a phialophora-likeascomycete with a wide distribution that was isolated from asymptomatic wood tissues in Vitis and Petridisease-affected nursery plants in Uruguay. Pathogenicity of isolates of both species was evaluated on Vitis vinifera cv. Tannat and Cabernet Sauvignon, and rootstocks SO4 and 3309C. Specific primers were developed for the ITS rDNA region for both species. Number of plants showing discoloration, length of discoloration, number of re-isolations and amplifications confirmed the pathogenicity of G. uvicola isolates. Pathogenicityof the isolate of C. luteo-olivacea obtained from symptomatic tissues is discussed. Specific primers can be usedto detect the presence of these fungi in asymptomatic tissues.


This paper has presented a three-dimensional bandpass filter using fully inkjet-printing technology, which can reduce chip size and improve performance. Inkjet-printed silver film and SU-8 polymer film were used as metal layer and dielectric layer to achieve three-dimensional structure. Vertical interconnections were realized using inkjet-printing technology filled by silver ink and isolated by SU-8 film. Fully inkjet-printed hairpin bandpass filter with two meandered half-wavelength microstrip lines was fabricated for cross-coupled and size reduction. The minimal insertion loss and maximal return loss at 12 GHz were -2.35 dB and -17.4 dB, respectively. Fully inkjet-printed three-dimensional bandpass filter demonstrated compact size and acceptable performance which make it attractive for RF applications.


Carbon steel rebar (ASTM A615) has been widely used in reinforced concrete (RC), but its susceptibility to chloride ions remains a critical issue. Low alloy chromium steel has been used to increase corrosion resistance and extend service life, such as in 9% Cr rebar (ASTM A1035-CS). In this work, we characterized two electrochemical systems over time: ASTM A615 and A1035-CS corrugated rebar immersed in SCPS in the presence of NaCl for 12 months. The interfacial processes evolution for the ASTM A1035-CS rebar for both general and local corrosion showed different active-passive responses from those of carbon steel. Because the 3.5% wt. NaCl exceeded the chloride threshold for passive breakdown of both materials, the ASTM A1035-CS showed a five-fold higher impedance and lower general corrosion rate. In localized conditions, the low alloy chrome content rebar showed less density localized attack than the ASTM A615 rebar. These results were attributed to the overall damage evolution involving the formation and stability of corrosion products over time. The local attack appeared to be a random spatial process due to changes in the local environment.


In this article, a novel small monopole antenna with dual band‐notched characteristic for ultrawideband applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of circular‐disc radiating patch with a rotated T‐shaped slit, a feed line with a rotated Ω‐shaped split‐ring resonator, and a ground plane. The designed antenna has a small size. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna design exhibits an operating bandwidth (VSWR < 2) from 2.86 to 12.92 GHz with 3.3–4.2 and 5–6 GHz rejected bands covering all the 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network, 3.5/5.5 GHz worldwide interoperability microwave access, and 4 GHz C bands. Good antenna gain and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2095–2098, 2014


Complex studies of optimum quantitative and qualitative composition of carbohydrates and amino acids necessary for gonadotropines activity stabilization were the aim of our investigations. This was determined by biological active substances - saccharose, L- lysine which stabilizes gonadotropins activity for longer use while preserving activity. As a result of the studies we found out that during 6 weeks of incubation at 40 0 �K , the activity of hCG was the highest in the samples with 50 and 75 mg/sm 3 of saccharose. Concentration of the hormone was high at 8 week of the incubation in the group of samples with 75 mg/sm 3 of saccharose. In the series of hCG samples with 10 mg/sm 3 of L - lysine, the activity of hormone was 54% during 8 weeks. Compatible adding of 10 mg/cm 3 of L-lysine + 75 mg/sm 3 of saccharose


Wearable technology, making a mark as the emerging technology where the goal of computing is to minimize the time and accessing the technology everywhere. It helps students in many ways. For identifying buildings by combining Google mobile app and on the campus map. For displaying supplemental material, during lectures. In labs it is used in demonstrations, teaching students doctor surgery techniques.There are different wearable devices available in the market, whichis utilized in the real world.


Radars and lidars estimate characteristics of atmospheric particles, namely, aerosol, clouds and precipitation at various temporal and spatial scales. Radars and lidars are active remote sensing instruments. The sensitivity of these instruments for detecting atmospheric particles is proportional to the concentration and average size of the particles.


Considering computational algorithms available in the literature, associated with supervised learning in feedforward neural networks, a wide range of distinct approaches can be identified While the adjustment of the connection weights represents an omnipresent stage, the algorithms differ in three basic aspects: the technique chosen to determine the dimension of the multilayer neural network, the procedure adopted to determine the activation function of each neuron, and the kind of composition of the hidden activations used to produce the output. The advanced learning algorithms are designed to treat all these three aspects during learning, guiding to dedicated solutions. In this paper, an evolutionary hybrid learning algorithm is presented to deal simultaneously with these three aspects. The essence of this approach is the existence of a search procedure based on a synergy between genetic algorithms and conjugate gradient optimization.


1155 he identification of soft-tissue foreign bodies is not always a straightforward pursuit. Although routine radiography is the preferred imaging modality for the initial workup, several types of soft-tissue foreign bodies are not radiopaque and therefore remain undetected. Because a retained foreign body may cause infection and inflammation, detection and removal are imperative [1]. Sonography is playing an increasing role in the diagnostic process, not only for the detection of nonopaque foreign bodies but also for the accurate localization of all types of soft-tissue foreign bodies. Accurate localization can be valuable in minimizing surgical exploration, or, alternatively, real-time sonographic visualization can guide percutaneous removal of a soft-tissue foreign body [2]. Sonography can also be used to evaluate associated softtissue abscess, neurovascular abnormality, and tendon disorders. This pictorial essay will define the imaging characteristics of various soft-tissue foreign bodies, comparing their appearances on sonography and radiography. Familiarity with the imaging appearances of soft-tissue foreign bodies is critical for an accurate diagnosis.


This study focuses on self-concept, years of service, and educational background that affect the work motivation of the head of RA Pekanbaru City. The hypothesis proposed is that there is an influence between self-concept, years of service, and educational background on the work motivation of the Head of The Raudhatul Athfal City of Pekanbaru. The subjects of this study were 27 RA Heads of Pekanbaru City. The data analysis technique is correlation analysis in the SPSS for Windows program. The results of the study between self-concept, years of service and educational background influence the work motivation of RA heads, expressed in the results of the study with an R Square value of 28% (0.282), higher than the value of σ = 5% and an F value of 6.913 above the value 10% showing no symptoms of multicollinearity. This study states that self-concept, years of service, and educational background have a significant effect on the work motivation of the head of the RA City of Pekanbaru. The effect of self-concept, years of service, and educational background on work motivation show a significance value (Sig.) Of 0.010 with a value of σ (significant degree) 0.05, meaning 0.01 <0.05; meaning is that there is a significant influence between the influence of self-concept, years of service and educational background on the work motivation of RA Kota Pekanbaru head


We summarize recent progress of observational studies of infall in protostellar envelopes, with great emphasis on results obtained using millimeter and submillimeter interferometers. Interferometric observations allow us to spatially resolve kinematical structures of protostellar envelopes, enabling us to detect infalling motions in the envelope directly. High angular resolution observations of infalling envelopes having compact disks sufficiently bright in continuum show inverse P-Cygni profiles, which are the least ambiguous evidence for infall. Observations of infalling envelopes using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) may allow us to study the innermost infalling envelopes, where infalling motions most probably transform to Keplerian motions, leading to formation of Keplerian or protoplanetary disks around protostars.


Pakistan is predominantly an agricultural country; its development is mainly dependent on this sector. However, despite accelerated government efforts which are under way for a rapid breakthrough in agricultural productivity, average per hectare yield of various crops in the country is still much lower than that obtained in many other countries of the world. It may mainly be attributed to poor farm management by farmers. This situation demands proper education of farmers about latest agricultural technology, which can be achieved through non-formal education by extension agencies. Extension teaching methods used for this purpose are classified into three categorizes: individual, group and mass contacts. Individual and group methods cannot reach every one who might need and use the information. So mass media (electronic and print) are used to reach large number of people quickly. Among mass media, print media are the important means to convey the latest agricultural information to the farmers. Presently a lot of printed material is being published by public and private organizations for the dissemination of agricultural information. However, it has been observed that the print media are not playing their expected role. Keeping in view the importance of print media, the present study was designed to determine the factors affecting their effectiveness in the dissemination of agricultural information among farmers in the Punjab. The population for the study was the subscribers of the top three agricultural magazines (with respect to their circulation). A sampling frame was constructed by listing all the subscribers of the selected agricultural magazines. A sample of 361 respondents was selected from the entire population. The data were collected in July-Dec. 2008 with the help of a pre-tested and validated questionnaire designed for this purpose and was analyzed by using computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the print media were major sources of information of the farmers. Some important factors which affected their effectiveness were quality of information, newness, farmers' interest, in time publication, easy access to print media, relevance of information, literacy level of farmers, comprehensiveness, and cost of print media.


The present invention relates to a lighting apparatus for downhole operations, and particularly relates to an improved brightness of the illumination lamp downhole lamp with blue light photons media material. Wherein when no color is transparent in the production of glass, adding soda ash, silica powder, dolomite powder, high-magnesium, silica sand, coal and other raw materials, to prepare a glass static-free, has a thickness of 5 ~ 6mm, then per square meter of glass was 0.025 to 0.035 g light blue photons meson substance, this is a light blue photons dielectric glass material, by slicing, grinding, polishing, steel and other processes, it can be made of special lamp surface miner glass. The present invention aims to solve the poor penetration of the conventional lamp, irradiation time is short, the workers likely to cause visual fatigue, reduce existing work efficiency problems.


The integration of non-dipatchable generation has increase the need for inertia and primary frequency response within power system operations. In such a scenario, load contribution to inertia and primary frequency response may play an important role in reducing both the estimated frequency control burden and the economic impact of increasing reserve capacity and ramping capability. Although some system operators have considered the contribution of load while estimating the reserve needs, the representation in the economic operation is very limited as dynamic aspects of inertia an ramping capability are not systematically represented. This work proposes a set of simplifying assumptions in order for a constraint to be included in the unit commitment formulation to account for load droop, ramping capability and inertia contribution. Numerical results on an illustrative example are provided.


This paper started as an endeavor to preserve Korean culture property through the discovery and analysis about acceptance Han Chinese(漢族) students of Chinese-Korean School in the Chinese-Korean residence, of which population is quickly disappearing. Acceptance of the Han Chinese(漢族) students was begun in the 2000s after. Has the characteristic can be seen in this phenomenon. First, reinforce kindergarten education in Chinese-Korean School. Second, Acceptance Han Chinese(漢族) students of Chinese-Korean School is the fact that absolutely totally turns on opinions of the Principal. Third, Considering the Han Chinese (漢族) students brought a change of school operations. Fourth, One of Han Chinese(漢族) students' parents is a Korean-Chinese in the early. Han Chinese(漢族) students, what is the reason for selecting the Chinese-Korean School? First, The most important reason is that can look for a job after graduation. Second, They selected the Chinese-Korean Schools for university. Third, Because they want to receive training in a variety of other learning. Fourth, Foreign language education is emphasized by the Chinese government. In conclusion, Chinese-Korean School has decided to accept the Han Chinese(漢族) students for the survival of the school. But Even in Chinese-Korean School that acceptance Han Chinese(漢族) students, One thing is clear that Chinese-Korean School that not all will survive.


In 1992, the Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW (RTA), the National Roads and Motorists Association (NRMA) and the Australian Consumers' Association (ACA) combined their resources to design and implement a Child Restraint Evaluation Program (CREP). The purpose of this program was to provide consumers with valuable information, and to pressure manufacturers to deliver child restraint systems (CRS) that performed well beyond the requirements of the Australian Standard. This paper provides exemplar results obtained from the significantly expanded ease of use component of CREP. In addition to demonstrating the benefits of the revised protocol, the highest priority areas for making significant gains in reducing the propensity for misuse among current Australian child restraints are presented. The role this form of assessment and programs, such as CREP, can have as an effective countermeasure to child restraint misuse are also discussed.


The diurnal variation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (Kd(490)) has complex characteristics in the coastal regions. However, owing to the scarcity of in situ data, our knowledge on the diurnal variation is inadequate. In this study, an optical-buoy dataset was used to investigate the diurnal variation of Kd(490) in the coastal East China Sea, and to evaluate the Kd(490) L2 products of geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI), as well as the performance of six empirical algorithms for Kd(490) estimation in the Case-2 water. The results of validation show that there was high uncertainty in GOCI L2 Kd(490), with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 69.57% and 68.86% and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.70 and 0.71 m−1 compared to buoy-measured Kd12(490) and Kd13(490), respectively. Meanwhile, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.71, as well as the lowest MAPE of 27.31% and RMSE of 0.29 m−1, the new dual ratio algorithm (NDRA) performed the best in estimating Kd(490) in the target area, among the six algorithms. Further, four main types of Kd(490) diurnal variation were found from buoy data, showing different variabilities compared to the area closer to the shore. One typical diurnal variation pattern showed that Kd(490) decreased at flood tide and increased at ebb tide, which was confirmed by GOCI images through the use of NDRA. Hydrometeorological factors influencing the diurnal variations of Kd(490) were also studied. In addition to verifying the predominant impact of tide, we found that the dominant effect of tide and wind on the water column is intensifying sediment resuspension, and the change of sediment transport produced by them are secondary to it.


Currently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading causative agent of nosocomial infections in Russia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by a high level of resistance to antibacterial drugs that are used to treat infections in the hospital. To date, the issue of the greatest clinical significance is the growth of resistance of nosocomial isolates to antipseudomonal penicillins and carbapenems, which requires monitoring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents in this pathogen to optimize the starting regimens of antibiotic therapy. Purpose of the study. To assess the pharmacodynamic parameters of carbapenem antibacterial drugs for nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Russian Federation.


Weediness of crops of field crops is examined in various crop rotations. Different types of weeds have unequal effects on crop plants. An expression of this effect is the harmfulness of weeds, which leads to a decrease in yield and a deterioration in the quality of the products. It is possible to change the species composition of weeds in the course of time on agricultural crops, which depends on the intensity of the cultivation technology and, first of all, on the alternation of crops and the introduction of straw. Monitoring of weed infestation of crops is necessary to predict the spread of the most harmful weeds in crop rotations. The aim of the research is to trace the dynamics of weediness and species composition of weeds on sodpodzolic soil in field crop rotations. The research was carried out in 1998-2017 on a stationary site, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil with a high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The biomorphological spectrum of weed species indicates that 26 species of juvenile weeds occur, and 9 species of perennial species. The appearance of Chenopodium album L. was the most common. There is an increase in the abundance of weeds during the research in the studied agrocenoses. If 61 specimens of weed vegetation per 1 m2 were observed in the first rotation, including 50 annual ones, then in the second rotation the abundance of weeds increased to 67 pieces / m2. The greatest amount of weed vegetation was observed - 76 pieces/m2 in the third rotation of crop rotations. We come to the conclusion that the weediness of field agrocenoses increases, examining the dynamics of the contamination of crop field crop rotations, especially over the last six years of research. The number of species of Fumaria officinalis L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill increases during the study. The number of species of Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. has increased significantly over the past six years. We found that the crops in the first crop rotation were the most littered. The rotation, including grasses and row crops, helps to cleanse crops of other crops from weeds. The quantity of weeds in crops of field crops increases with cultivation of crops by organic technology.


Frictional damping of vibrating components such as turbomachinery blades, generally result in a temperature increase at the blade-lacing wire interface due to blade harmonic motion during operation. Interestingly, studies have shown that temperature is amongst the most common indicators of structural health of a dynamic component. Nevertheless, its application to measurement of vibration characteristics has not yet been contemplated and thus relatively unique. Hence, the aim of this work is to develop a novel technique for acquiring structural vibrational characteristics from frictional heat signatures. To facilitate this, an experimentally validated finite element model (FEM) was developed. The skillful manipulation of heat conduction equations and a finite difference approach; successfully identified the vibration behavior. The implications and benefits of the developed technique for structural integrity and condition monitoring applications are numerous, for example; the early detection of structural defects. Furthermore, this approach has great potential of overcoming most of the limitations experienced with conventional methods such as strain gauging which encounter fatigue during vibration measurement and may thus compromise measurements.


The presence of antibiotics in the environment has received a lot of attention in recent years due to their ability to promote and spread antimicrobial resistance. In this work, the biodegradation of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), as well as the concurrently generation of their biotransformation products (BTPs) were assessed in an anaerobic packed bed biofilm reactor (APBBR) treating sanitary sewage. Initially, anaerobic batch assays at high concentrations of the antibiotics (5 mg L-1) were performed to identify the metabolites generated during the CIP and SMX biodegradation in methanogenic condition. From the mass transitions (m/z) of the identified BTPs, they were analyzed along the spatial profile of the APBBR fed with sewage (300 ngCIP L-1 and 400 ngSMX L-1 approximately). Three BTPs were identified: one related to the biodegradation of CIP (m/z 316) and two related to the biodegradation of SMX (m/z 256 and m/z 270). The molecular structures of the BTPs revealed that the biotransformation occurs mainly in the isoxazole ring of SMX and there was a dehydroxylation in the CIP molecule. Nonetheless, the sulfonamide and fluoroquinolone molecular structures remained intact in the anaerobic effluent stream, thus presenting residual antimicrobial activity in the environment.


Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an aerosol that contains both vapor and particulate phase components. However, due to their nature, the two aerosol phases rarely correlate well. An accurate determination of ETS levels in indoor air, therefore, requires a proper tracer of both phases. One critical aspect of an ideal ETS tracer is that it should "remain in a fairly consistent ratio to the individual contaminant of interest or category of contaminants of interest (for example, suspended particulates) under a range of environmental conditions..." (see Ref. 3.1).


1016 Background: The antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1 has shown encouraging efficacy in two phase II studies (4258g and 4374g) for pts with HER2-positive (HER2+) MBC who had progressed on prior HER2-d...


This study was conducted to present a mathematical model with numerical solutions to predict the mass distributions inside a cross sectional area of an individual Fajer variety of rough rice (Oryza Sativa L.) kernel as a function of drying time considering the effects of coupled heat and mass transfer processes. The modified Luikov's equation was used for the simulation of drying kinetics of a single rough rice grain. The applied drying models with simultaneous heat and mass diffusion in biological materials were developed by finite element method. A finite element formulation and solution of a set of nonlinear coupled conductive heat and diffusive moisture transfer equation to improve grain drying simulation of axisymmetric bodies is presented. Axisymmetric linear triangular elements with two degrees of freedom per node were used to discretize the rice grain. Moisture distribution inside the individual rough rice kernel was produced by the model. Good agreement was observed when the output of nonlinear model was compared to experimental data.


Small-scale forest as private property has implications on autonomous management decisions, including whether it will be preserved or converted. Changes in land management at the water catchment area of Jatigede reservoir will impact on the dam condition. The purposes of this study are to determine the financial feasibility level of the small-scale forest business compare to other forms of land management, to identify factors influencing farmer's decisions, and to evaluate implication of property rights to the conversion of small-scale forest. The results show that small-scale forest management in Jatigede catchment area is generally found in the form of woodlands and agroforestry. Other forms of land management are rice fields and crops. Financial analysis shows that all land management patterns are feasible. The economic factors in the form of profits, savings, and selffulfillment are the dominant motivations for timber planting. The financial benefit difference between agroforestry and crops management is not very large, but the potential for conversion is still exists due to daily need fulfillment. One approach that can be applied to prevent small-scale forest conversion is through policy interventions on payment for environmental services, where the target is more intended for empowerment activities to meet the needs of daily living.


Objective To observe the effect of Shuxuening Injection NO, NOS, SOD and MDA on of angina pectoris patients. Methods 100 patients with angina pectoris were randomly divided into two groups. 50 patients in treatment group were treated with Shuxuening Injection, 5 mL once, drop into 250 mL 5% glucose injection (it change into 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection if the patient have diabetes), one time a day. 50 patients in control group were treated with isosorbide mononitrate injection, 60 mg once, drop into 250 mL 5% glucose injection (it change into 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection if the patient have diabetes), 15 gtt one minute, one time a day. Results NO, NOS and SOD of the treatment group were objective improved, and MDA objective reduced. NO improved from (47.61±8.76)μmol/L to (71.84± 13.26)μmol/L, NOS improved from (1.64±0.23)U/mL to (2.31±0.29)U/mL, SOD improved from (46.34± 5.62)U/mL to (64.54±9.10)U/mL, and MDA reduced from (8.96±1.76)U/mL to (6.71±1.43)U/mL. Total effective rate in improving angina pectoris was 96%, and ECG was 76%. The time (ischemic ST-T changes) of holter ECG was reduced from (130.45±18.61)min to (32.33±5.32)min, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion Shuxuening Injection is effective in treating angina pectoris, can objective improve NO, NOS, SOD and reduce MDA, without any side effect.


We present evidence for rotational modulation of Xray flares by an analysis of four outbursts on late-type stars. Two of the flares we discuss are found in ROSAT observations of T Tauri Stars and were obtained between September and October 1991. A flare on the T Tauri Star V773 Tau was observed by ASCA in September 1995. To this sample we add a Ginga observation of a flare on Algol observed in January 1989. The structure of the X-ray lightcurves observed in this selection of flare events is untypical in that the maximum emission extends over several hours producing a round hump in the lightcurve instead of a sharp peak. We explain this deviation from the standard shape of a flare lightcurve as the result of a flare erupting on the back side of the star and gradually moving into the line of sight due to the star's rotation. Making use of the known rotational periods of the stars our model allows to determine the decay timescale of the flares and the size of the X-ray emitting volume according to the standard magnetic loop model. Spectral information, which is available in sufficient quality for the Algol observation only, supports our proposition that changes of the visible volume are responsible for the observed time development of these flares.


A validation study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and effectiveness of the workplace exposure assessment expert system WORKBOOK (Version 1.0), a software system for evaluating and controlling occupational health risks. The application was developed to assist qualified people in performing exposure assessments under the guidance of professional hygienists. Fifty assessments were conducted, representing a wide variety of operations and involving technical staff at five U.S. and international facilities that conduct pharmaceutical research and development, manufacture bulk drug substances and dosage products, and produce medical devices. Important issues examined by the study include (1) assessing the competency and comprehension of users, (2) implementing exposure assessments, (3) examining the accuracy and reliability of WORKBOOK'S conclusions and recommendations, (4) improving the exposure assessment model and software, and (5) providing training and support services. Despite its ori...