The planning and implement of Deng Xiaoping theory,with special time background and ideological origin,fit in the national situation of former Soviet Union.The effect is obvious and the economy developed rapidly.However,when Lenin died,the former Soviet Union employed Stalin model instead of Lenin.After Lenin's theory was proposed 60 years later,Deng Xiaoping proposed the primary stage of socialism which enriched Lenin's new economy theory.


A new IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) model for simulation of complicated multi-IGBT circuits is presented. Based on the gate charge and discharge behaviors of IGBT, it piecewise models the turn-on and -off transient of IGBT, and simulates the static characteristics with curve fitting method. With the key features of high simulation speed, easy parameters extraction and clear physical meaning, the model is available for various IGBTs and system level circuits. This paper describes the structure and equivalent circuit of the model in detail, implements it with the simulation tool of PSIM package, and determines the parameters of the model for an IGBT of FF300R12ME3 as an example. The accuracy of the model is verified by the comparison between the simulated and experimental results.


Repeat Accumulate (RA) codes are subclass of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with fast encoder structures. QC-LDPC codes are also a class of LDPC codes and easy to be implemented. There were some paper had researched that non-binary LDPC codes have better performance cover binary ones. In this paper, It constructed non-binary RA codes with linear encoding method and non-binary QC-LDPC codes with algebraic constructions method. The BER performance of RA and QC-LDPC codes over GF(q) were compared by simulation over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels. The simulation results concluded when code length and code rate are same, the BER performance of this two non-binary LDPC codes are very close, but they still have a little different point.


Significance
 Biden offers Moscow a more straightforward approach that will make constructive dialogue easier, a genuine interest in finding areas of common agreement but also coherent policymaking that sets clear constraints on Russian actions.

 Impacts
 Biden is unlikely to contemplate a personal meeting with Russia's Vladimir Putin any time soon.
 Putin's talk of a defence alliance with China is probably a rhetorical challenge to Washington, for which Beijing matters more.
 With Trump gone, Republicans will compete to claim they are tougher on Putin than Biden.


We investigated the reactivation of cytomegalovirus during lactation and analysed the role of human milk whey and milk cells in mother-to-child-transmission. In contrast to term infants, preterm infants may be infected symptomatically by breastfeeding. Human milk whey is the material of choice for detection of maternal DNAlactia and virolactia, whereas milk cells not necessarily have to be infected in transmitters.


A general formulation to obtain the analytical expression for the sensitivity of the acoustic power radiation by a vibrating closed structure to one its design variables is described. The formulation is based on finite elements and the theory of acoustic radiation modes. The sensitivity coefficients indicate the effect of changing various designs or modeling parameters on the acoustic power and can be used to optimize the structure for minimum sound radiation. Putting a rectangle case as an example and verifying the feasibility of this method.


ABSTRACT Commercial F500 SiC powder and 6061 Al powder were chosen to fabricate the 50 vol.-% SiCp/6061Al composites via pressureless sintering. Effects of pre-treatment of the SiC powder and sintering temperature on the microstructures and properties of the composites were studied. Densification mechanism and interfacial reaction of the composites were also investigated. The results show that the composites have a high sintering ability and a low interfacial reaction activity. The density, bending strength and thermal conductivity of the composites are all sensitive to the sintering temperature. The composites sintered at 680°C are nearly fully dense and have the following optimal properties: the relative density of 98.5%, the bending strength of 495 MPa, the TC of 153 W/(m K) and the coefficient of thermal expansion of 8.1 × 10−6/°C (50–100°C), which are superior to most of the SiCp/Al composites of the similar composition reported previously.


Early detection of interturn faults is one of the most important issues in electrical machines, as the fault severity evolves very fast to a catastrophic failure due to the high thermal stress. However, as this article shows, in submersible induction motors for deep-well pumps, it evolves slower. These motors are highly water-cooled, which significantly reduces the thermal stress caused by the fault, increasing the possibility of early detection. Among fault detection methods, only those based on line current/voltage measurements can be used, as motors are at great depths. This article investigates the principal slot harmonics as reliable indicators for early detection of interturn faults in this application. To this end, a comprehensive analysis is conducted using finite-element analysis where the behavior of these harmonics is studied under different fault severities, both alone and coexisting with other asymmetries, such as unbalanced voltages, eccentricity, or rotor faults. The findings are used to develop a reliable diagnostic scheme based on the monitoring of the most fault-sensitive harmonics along with the voltage and current unbalance indexes. Finally, the scheme is applied, for the first time, in the context of continuous monitoring of a 230-HP induction motor showing its efficacy.


The Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA) designed for providing collisions of 30GeV electrons or positrons with 820GeV protons in a ring tunnel of 6.3km circumference is operat ing at DESY, Hamburg, Germany, since 1991. The proton ring consists of 422 superconducting bending magnets (dipoles), 224 focusing magnets (quadrupoles) and a large number of super conducting correction magnets. For operation these magnets are cooled to 4.4K by means of a large helium refrigeration plant. The superconducting magnets as well as the cryogenic supply


Kissing molars are unusual impacted teeth which are in close contact with each other from their occlusal surfaces in one follicular space with positioning of roots in opposite directions. This report represented a review of literature and reported a case with kissing molars of lower third and fourth molars. The impacted teeth may lead to various complications which affect the life quality of a patient. A physician should know enough information about kissing molars and its possible risks to decide will the teeth be extracted or followed.


Hemangiomas of the vertebral bodies are commonly encountered, being found in 10–12% of patients in autopsy series [(1)][1]. The vast majority of these are solitary, are discovered incidentally, and are seldom symptomatic. Symptoms, when they do occur, can vary from chronic, poorly defined pain to


Background This study was conducted at PT. Trans Samudera Sulut Service is one of the companies engaged in the service of the expedition which is usually called freight forwarder that serves the freight forwarder services in the form of cargo both domestically and abroad. The purpose of this research is to know how the role of freight forwarder in the implementation of import export business. The method of research used in this study is using data analysis that takes place along with data collection, such as data reduction, presentation and verification. In this research, Freight forwarder is a business entity that aims to provide services for all activities required for the implementation of the delivery, transport and receipt of goods by using multimodal transport either by land, sea or air. The role of freight forwarder in the import export business is the role in the consolidation of cargo, as the carrier, in the documentation, in the packaging, in insurance. Result of this research then the role of freight forwarder in the implementation of import export business has been done well although there may still be a few obstacles arises when import export activities take place as in the case of incompatibility between documents with checked goods, weather factor effects and shipping facilities that have not used own companies such as aircraft and ships. Therefore, companies should pay more attention to the roles of freight forwarders available at the time of export import. PT. Trans Samudera Sulut Services also contribute in providing services to assist some entrepreneurs from North Sulawesi who use their services to facilitate the delivery of goods either outside or outside the country. Keywords: Role of Freight Forwarder, Export and Import


This paper introduces a fault diagnosis expert system based on neural network for radar.The system structure and the learning algorithm are presented.A simulation is given,the diagnostic result shows that the method is effective.


The present study deals with the pharmacognostical investigation on stem bark of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) belongs to Ulmaceae family. This species is used traditionally for the treatment of edema, diabetes, leprosy, skin diseases, intestinal disorders and piles. Pharmacognostical evaluation such as macroscopical and microscopical characters, ash values, extractive values and phytochemical investigation of hydroalcohoic extract were carried out. Phytochemical studies shows the presence of carbohydrates, mucilages, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and glycosides.


Recent developments concerning a modular SoC-based real-time controller based on a commercial software Matlab/Simulink and a ZedBoard Zynq-7000 ARM/FPGA SoC development board are presented here. The control of a piezoelectric mirror mount is studied, the capabilities and the performance of a real-time controller are demonstrated.


Drug products not only contain "actives" that confer the intended therapeutic benefits such as pain relief or act on a particular part of the body, but usually contain other materials that are also "functional" with respect to the drug product. These other materials are known as excipients and the specific functionality which they confer to a particular product is dependent upon the process used to add the excipient to the formulation and its exact location within the final dosage form. Recent regulatory guidance implicitly requires these relationships to be better understood so that products can be manufactured under the ethos of "continual quality assurance" rather than "end product testing". Better definition of the relationships under the concept of design space is required so that future medicinal products can be manufactured with minimal regulatory oversight; a mutual goal of industry, regulators and society.


The representative of pedagogy of the oppressed,Paulo Freire,put forward "teaching via dialogue" that is based on "liberation education" and advocatead teacher-student dialogues.This article discusses the bases and conditions of harmonious teacher-student dialogues based on the basic conditions of dialogues put forward by Freire.


In both Renaissance England and the transition period from Ming to Qing in China, a wave of governmental idealism emerged that constantly evoked scholarly interests. The extent to which Huang Zongxi and Thomas More defined their state idealism differently deserves serious consideration, as an examination of the difference may shed light on the fundamental Sino-European divergences. I hope my work will not only shed light on the two men's thoughts, but also help to further our understanding of civilizational differences between China and the West. In previous research, Huang Zongxi had been widely compared with the French thinker Rousseau. According to some, these two men lived in the same "breath", with Huang being the "Chinese Rousseau". This widely held perception, however, is mistaken in several ways. Huang's work Waiting for the Dawn should not be seen as mere critiques against imperial china, but as a blueprint for a Chinese version of Utopia. Instead of emphasizing the revolutionary elements in Huang's work as in most previous research, this paper focuses on its continuation with traditional Confucian thoughts, noting key convergences. Thomas More's Utopia, on the other hand, offered an ideal example for comparison. With similar historical and personal contexts, I believed Huang and More reflected civilizational difference between pre-modern China and Europe. While China and the West slid gradually into hostility and distrust, it is an important task for scholars to examine their respective political traditions. This essay aims to compare Huang Zongxi's Waiting for the Dawn with Thomas More's Utopia, noting both convergences and divergences.


### Key points

Chronic pain conditions that fail to improve with conventional medical management (CMM) are a significant burden for the individual and society. While the initial cost of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is considered high, both its clinical and cost-effectiveness are now well established. The position of SCS in the treatment algorithm has progressed, and for specific neuropathic and ischaemic pain conditions, there is moderate to strong evidence supporting its use.

Melzack and Wall presented the Gate Control Theory of Pain in 1965. They proposed that transmission of pain signals could be regulated at the level of the dorsal horn by inhibitory interneurones activated by A-fibres. In 1967, Shealy and colleagues1 proposed that electrical stimulation of these A-fibres in the dorsal columns (DCs) could activate the inhibitory interneurones in the dorsal horn and influence pain transmission. A bipolar plate was placed directly over the spinal cord in cancer patients. They called it 'Dorsal Column Stimulation'. In more recent years, it has been called SCS. The early interventions were effective, but were associated with multiple complications.

The techniques have evolved to less invasive percutaneous lead insertion with multiple electrodes in the epidural space. More advanced implantable pulse generators (IPGs) and programmable systems have led to improved effectiveness and versatility. This is reflected by a steady increase in the implantation rates over the last decade in Europe and the USA.

Neuromodulation techniques are also indicated …


(75) Inventors: Thomas C. Corbin, Monticello, IL Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 200500080 for Soybean Vari (US); Leon G. Streit, Johnston, IA (US) ety 93M42, issued Jun. 23, 2005. Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 2008.00152 for Soybean Vari (73) Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. ety RJS34002, issued Jan. 22, 2009. Johnston, IA (US) Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 201200229 for Soybean Vari ety XB38AR12, filed Mar. 16, 2012. Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 201200274 for Soybean Vari ety RJS38011, filed Mar. 16, 2012. U.S. Appl. No. 13/409.201, filed Mar. 1, 2012, Corbin, Thomas C, et al. *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 76 days.


The invention discloses a tumble detecting system comprising an acceleration sensor, a control module, a timing module and a power source module. The acceleration sensor is used for acquiring gesture information of a user. The control module is used for judging tumble according to the gesture information. The timing module is used for enabling the control module to periodically sleep, and the acceleration sensor can arouse the control module in sleeping. The power source module is used for supplying working voltage for the control module and the timing module. The invention further discloses a detecting method for the tumble detecting system. Via the timing module, the control module of the tumble detecting system is enabled to periodically sleep, and the sleeping state of the control module can be aroused by the acceleration sensor in emergency, so that the tumble detecting system is low in power consumption. Meanwhile, the tumble detecting system is capable of accurately judging tumble in the first time and providing assistance to transmission of alarming information and personnel treat and cure.


Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are poorly characterized tumours that typically arise in the upper aerodigestive tract but rarely progress to multiple myeloma. These latter observations have led some investigators to suggest that EMP are not part of the spectrum of plasma cell disorders but represent a form of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma showing extreme plasma cell differentiation (Hussong et al, 1999). Here we report a detailed clinico-pathological assessment of a cohort of patients with EMP which we believe adds further insight into this disorder. 26 patients were included in this analysis (16 male, 10 female; median age 65 years) and sites of presentation were as follows: nasopharynx (n = 9), lymph node (n = 7), GI tract (n = 6), skin (n = 2) and other (n = 2). All cases fulfilled the International Myeloma Working Group (2003) criteria for EMP as there was no evidence of local bone destruction or generalized myeloma. Surgical biopsies were obtained in all cases and standard immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the expression of the following antigens: CD138, MUM1/IRF4, PAX5, CD20, CD56, CD117, CD27 and cyclin D1. In cases with sufficient material available, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to evaluate for chromosome 13 loss, IGH and MALT1 rearrangements. Cases with IGH rearrangements were further investigated with IGH/FGFR3, IGH/MAF, IGH/CCND1 dual colour dual fusion probe combinations and a PAX5 break-apart probe set. Multiparameter flow cytometry was also used to assess iliac crest-derived bone marrow aspirate samples for the presence of aberrant phenotype plasma cells indicative of occult bone marrow disease. In this series all cases were characterized by a monomorphic plasma cell infiltrate showing strong uniform expression of both CD138 and MUM1/IRF4. There was no obvious B-cell component identified either by morphology or immunohistochemistry. Two cases did express CD20 but they both lacked PAX5 expression. With respect to the antigens aberrantly expressed in myeloma plasma cells; CD56 and CD117 expression was documented in 58% (15/26) and 29% (5/17) of cases respectively while loss of CD27 was documented in 63% (12/ 19). Aberrant expression of at least one of these antigens was demonstrable in 92% of assessable cases (22/24). Monosomy 13 was evident in 6 of 18 (33%) cases and IGH rearrangements in 9 of 17 (53%) cases but no MALT1 rearrangements were encountered. Cases with IGH rearrangements were further investigated and a single case was shown to have a t(11;14)(q13;q32) which was further clarified by demonstrating cyclin D1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. This case has been reported previously and was characterized by an aggressive clinical course (Parkins et al, 2010). There was however no evidence of translocations involving FGFR3, MAF or PAX5 in the remaining cases with IGH rearrangements. Multiparameter flow cytometry utilizing European Myeloma Network (EMN) consensus methodology (Rawstron et al, 2008) was used to accurately enumerate and phenotype the plasma cells present in staging bone marrow aspirate samples in 18 cases. In all cases plasma cells comprised <5% of cells by routine morphological assessment. By flow cytometry, plasma cells comprised a median of 0Æ36% (range 0Æ14–2Æ06%) of bone marrow leucocytes. Aberrant phenotype plasma cells (defined by the absence of CD19 and/or presence of CD56) were evident in 10 of 18 (56%) cases. When present, aberrant phenotype plasma cells comprised a median of 58% of plasma cells and 0Æ3% of bone marrow leucocytes (range 0Æ05–1Æ26%). We believe that this data along with other recently published studies strongly suggest that EMP should be considered part of the spectrum of plasma cell disorders rather than lymphoma. The immunophenotypic profile of myeloma plasma cells differs considerably from that of their normal counterparts and this includes loss of CD19, CD45 and CD27 along with aberrant expression of CD56, CD117, CD20 and cyclin D1 (Rawstron et al, 2008). In our series we have demonstrated aberrant expression of CD56, CD117, CD27 and CD20 while CD56 and cyclin D1 expression (Table I) has also been demonstrated by other investigators although the overall incidence may be lower than that typically seen in myeloma (Kremer et al, 2005; Kojima et al, 2009). Similarly the high incidence of chromosome 13 loss and IGH rearrangements along with absence of MALT1 and PAX5 rearrangements strongly argues in favour of considering EMP as true plasma cell disorders rather than lymphoma. This is also supported by two further cytogenetic studies. Aalto et al (1999) demonstrated chromosome 13 loss in 8/9 EMP cases assessed by comparative genomic hybridization. Similarly Bink et al (2008) found a high incidence of 13q loss (40%) and IGH rearrangements (37%) amongst 38 cases assessed by FISHbased assays. Interestingly they demonstrated a relatively high incidence of the t(4;14)(p16;q32) but no cases with the t(11;14)(q13;q32). They also demonstrated a high incidence of correspondence


582 Abstract: contribute regions of C nitrogen po carbon (SO beach (BSB degraded a differences survey res headwaters (36.3×105 k these grassl and TN in artificially r Totally 92.4 BSB in the 50% of the of the degr would resul five years, a increase of Received: 2 Accepted: 22


Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, destructive, autoimmune joint disease that affects one to two million Americans (or approximately 1% of the population of the United States). This disease can strike at any age and affects roughly three times as many women as men (http://ww2. arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/RA/ra_who.asp). Symptoms include joint stiffness, swelling, and pain, as well as systemic effects associated with inflammation; and indeed, anti-inflammatory drugs are a mainstay of treatment (http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/rheumatoid_


The fast development of information and communication equipment follows certain locations, which are the result of economical and population structure. This activitv influence at the same time also in the opposite direction - on the development of economv and population.


To determine the anti-allergic effects of Ecklonia kurome, the ethyl acetate fraction from an E. kurome (EEK) extract was compared to the ethyl acetate fraction from an Eisenia arborea (EEA) extract and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for inhibitory effects on inflammation in experimental animals, degranulation in inflammatory lymphocytes and enzymatic activities involved in allergic reactions. EEK was found to inhibit mouse ear oedema by inflammatory inducers (arachidonic acid, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and oxazolone) in a dose-dependent manner, through both topical and oral administrations. EEK also inhibited degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia cells and enzymatic activities (cyclooxygenase-2, soybean lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2) in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of EEK were generally comparable of those of EEA and EGCG. Therefore, E. kurome and the components in EEK have the benefit of being used not only in common foods, but also more widely as a functional food resource in anti-allergic foods.


Aviopolis, ''a book about airports'', is a multimedia project on the semiotic and material anatomy of airports and their relation to their surroundings. The book is formatted as a full-colour field guide with a plastic book jacket. It features yellow and black graphics reminiscent of airport runway signs. Pages of blocklettered ''pull quotes'' emphasize the key points and summarize the authors'' thesis*/airports are biometric machines that synchronize and regulate flows*/of bodies, information, identities and goods. Without images and pull quotes, the text boils down to a series of 2,000 /5,000-word chapters. A website (www. aviopolis.com) expands on the book with a multimedia presentation and gives insight into the book proposal and a possible television series. Airports are presented as a new form of urban agglomeration organized around the interface between different land and air mobilities. Airport terminals in particular relate different bodies, goods and vehicles in an all-embracing connectivity. Movement, connection and exchange are regulated through decision points, biometrics and rule-governed networks with protocols such as air traffic control. But, ''In the pursuit of our itinerary, the place . . . becomes little more than a sign saying 'you are here.''' The airport is thus the archetype of Augé's ''non-place''. The book does an excellent job of describing airports, and of presenting the various landside and airside systems in images and taxonomies. It convinces the reader that airports are an important site and phenomenon. But the book falls short in its lack of attention to the existing community of knowledge on airport design and operation, although the bibliography indicates key texts. Extensive bodies of knowledge from disciplines such as facility management and transportation engineering are summarized from the point of view of surveillance alone. But this gloss forestalls any opportunity that the reader has of cross-examining the examples advanced as evidence. For example we ultimately learn rather little about the military aspects of airport terminal areas*/what percentage of space or staff for example is given over to customs, security and detainment?


In this paper,a public key traitor tracing scheme is proposed.The scheme is based on RSA and the Chinese Remainder Theorem.In this scheme,secrete keys of the receivers are chosen by themselves,the senders have no knowledge of the secret keys of the receivers,that is to say,the scheme is asymmetric.Traitors can not collude in some case.Furthermore,when pirate decoder is found,traitors can be traced by black_box tracing.The tracing algorithm is efficient and deterministic.When traitors are found,the sender can revoke them without involvement of the remaindering receivers.Both senders and receivers are safe.In addition,the receivers can verify whether the message is from correct source.


is the seasonal variation, with BP generally highest in the winter and lowest in the summer. The most abundant information about BP variation regards diurnal changes in BP evaluated by 24-h ambulatory monitoring or home BP measurements, and abnormal patterns such as masked hypertension, including morning surge and non-dipper, have been shown to facilitate cardiovascular organ injuries and events. Regarding beat-to-beat BP variation, the shortest time change in arterial pressure, not as much information is available on the effect on cardiovascular organ and tissue injuries. However, it has been reported that the beat-to-beat BP variation evaluated by tonometry (Finapres) shows a relationship with left ventricular mass index and urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive patients.3,4 Regarding the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, higher beat-to-beat BP variation was shown to be associated with the incidences of death and dependency in stroke patients.5 It has been also observed that the beat-to-beat pidemiological studies have shown that the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD) increases with increasing levels of blood pressure (BP) over a wide range. This linear relationship can be extended to the normal BP range to as low as 115/75 mmHg.1 As for the changes in BP with antihypertensive therapy, 10 mmHg reduction in systolic BP is estimated to yield 40% reduction in the incidence of stroke and 20% reduction in the incidence of CAD.2 In addition to the BP level, a considerable number of recent studies have focused on the effects of BP variation on the development of hypertensive organ injuries and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.


This paper examines the performance of two different control schemes, Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and Deterministic Robust Control (DRC), on a 2 degrees of freedom Quanser AERO Helicopter setup. The complexity of the dynamics of the system makes it a challenge to design a control system that guarantees the transient and steady state performance of the setup. The control schemes are used to achieve a desired transient and steady state response and disturbance rejection. While the MRAC guarantees asymptotic stability, the DRC is proven to have a more desirable transient response.


The magnetic properties of the cubic RCu5 compounds TbCu5, DyCu5, HoCu5, ErCu5, and TmCu5 are reported for temperatures between 2.1° and 300°K. In the paramagnetic region the susceptibility follows a Curie‐Weiss law. The type of ordering at low temperatures changes with increasing atomic number from antiferromagnetic (R = Tb) to ferromagnetic (R = Ho, Er, Tm), while DyCu5 is metamagnetic. The Knight shifts of the 63Cu NMR in these compounds have been measured between 100° and 300°K. The results are discussed in terms of the Ruderman‐Kittel‐Kasuya‐Yosida theory.


Measurements of biologically effective solar temperate latitudes for the same solar angles. ultraviolet irradiation at Barrow, Alaska (71? These lower intensities might be attributed to 20'N, 156? 46'W), during late July and early high atmospheric ozone concentrations at northAugust 1970, under clear to partly cloudy erly latitudes which effectively attenuate the skies, indicate substantially lower intensities most biologically effective UV wavelengths. than would be expected at low elevations in


The umbrella clause of a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) establishes an obligation for the State parties to respect all commitments entered into by an investment contract between an investor and the host country. It extends the jurisdiction of a BIT forum to the breach-of-contracts matters and changes the nature of a private issue to an international affair. The polemic over the clause's interpretation has become a controversial issue over the years. It comes as a backlash for the Contracting States as a foreign investor could quickly bring an investment problem to an international forum. After more than a decade since its first discussion in the case of SGS v Pakistan, the clause grows to be one of the reasons for many countries to leave or reform their BIT model and changes the trend of international investment protection standard. This article addresses the different episodes of the umbrella clause alongside over the past decade. It projects the debate over the clause's scope, its development, the governments' action, and their perception over it, and finally, how it changes the standard of investment protection in international treaties.


Modern cyber attacks are often conducted by distributing digital documents that contain malware. The approach detailed herein, which consists of a classifier that uses features derived from dynamic...


At an early age, Philip S. Norman developed a keen interest in science - first with astronomy and mathematics, then with meteorology during his military training, and subsequently with a medical career that took him from the coal fields of Kansas to his eventual tenure at Johns Hopkins. Along the way, he had stops at Kansas State Teachers College, where he studied under a noted immunologist, J. Ralph Wells, who nurtured his growing interest in research; Washington University-St. Louis, where he graduated cum laude; internship at Barnes Hospital; internal medicine residency at Vanderbilt; fellowship at the Rockefeller Institute-New York, where he trained under Merrill Chase; and finally, in 1956 having joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins.


Soil erosion has become a global environmental disaster.Classification of soil erosion is a significant basis for cognition of its mechanism of emergence and growth,as well as characteristics and laws of its spatial distribution,and for establishment of rehabilitation measures.Through research of more than half a century,a quite reasonable taxonomy system of soil erosion in China has been set up.However,research on soil erosion in chilly area is less,so its taxonomy system study is relatively weak.Therefore,to start with environmental characteristics and analysis of natural forces,based on erosion force in chilly area,this paper classifies the erosion into freezing-thawing erosion,freezing erosion and glacier erosion,and puts forward standard and scope of categorization.We believe that freezing-thawing erosion is distributed in range from average annual temperature of 0℃ to the highest average monthly temperature of 0℃;freezing erosion is distributed in area of average monthly temperature of July below 0℃;while glacier erosion in area covered with snow all the year.Soil erosion in chilly area is mainly natural erosion,and only a part of freezing-thawing erosion area is disturbed by human activity.As a result of global warming,there is a trend of freezing-thawing erosion area moving to high altitude(latitude).


This paper focuses on the security of Internet access over the third generation mobile telecommunication networks. We explore the characteristics of cryptographic attacks and the similarities between the exposures of different secret keys in cryptographic attacks and propose three measures that limit the exposure of the sensible secret key. These measures are the usage of a temporary key, TK, the protection of the messages that could be used by a cryptanalyst to recover the secret key and the increase of the size of the secret key.


1 A gas‐chromatographic assay for the anticonvulsant drug ethotoin in plasma has been used to establish a kinetic basis for therapy in eight newly diagnosed epileptic patients. 2 Only a small fraction of ethotoin was excreted unchanged. Elimination curves were only rectilinear below a plasma concentration of 8 mg/l. During constant medication plasma concentrations tended to decrease in the first week. Steady‐state plasma levels varied considerably between individuals. For all patients the plasma concentration/dose ratio increased with increasing dose. 3 Most of the results point to dose‐dependent elimination kinetics in the therapeutic range and parallel what is known for phenytoin. Control of therapy by measurement of plasma levels of ethotoin is accordingly advocated.


A functioning Muslim/Croat Federation in Bosnia‐Hercegovina has been identified as central to the successful implementation of the Dayton Peace Plan. However, since this arrangement was first outlined in the Washington Agreement of March 1994, neither side has given the project its full support. It now remains to be seen whether both parties can bury their differences and work together towards a lasting peace and a better future.


Linear triangular element is considered to solve the second order elliptic boundary value problem in 2-D.By using of the distinctive structure and some novel approaches,we obtain the super- close and superconvergence results on certain kind of anisotropic meshes.Moreover,numerical tests confirming the theoretical results are reported.The results obtained herein are helpful in developing posteriori estimates and adaptive argorithms for numerical solution of the second order problems.


The potential of SIMCA technique for crops flour classification was studied based on FT-NIR spectroscopy in this research. A total of 72 spectra of flour samples taken from 6 types of crops, i.e. of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were measured using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at 4000 – 10, 000 cm−1. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. A 2nd derivative Savitzky-Golay (polynomial order 2, 25 smoothing points) followed by a Standard Normal Variate (SNV) were used for pre-treatment data. Characterization of the flours was done using chemometric models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) explained for each group of flour samples of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). SIMCA calibration models were constructed using 6 spectral measurements for each type of flours; classification set were constructed using 6 spectral measurements. The SIMCA accuracy classification were 100% for mocaf, banana, arrowroot, bread fruit, and taro, and 67% for purple sweet potato.


Objective: To study the effects of Ass on insulin in experimental NIDDM rats and morphological change of pancreas.Methods: We used radioimmunoassay to measure the level of vein insulin after giving ASS to normal and NIDDM rats and morphological change of pancreas between normal and model group by HE staining. Results:ASS can increase insulin secretion in NIDDM rats,with no effect on normal rats .In model group,the islets were lowered and its cells were disperse with irregular arrange.Conclusion:ASS can increase insulin secretion in NIDDM rats and protect the islets β-cells.


In the late December 2019, coronavirus (COVID‐19) outbreak had started in Wuhan, China, and so far, it has spread to many Asian, European, and American countries such as Iran, South Korea, Italy, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the prevalence of the new disease namely COVID‐19, acknowledging that the disease could spread quickly in countries which are not ready to be encountered with it.[1‐3] From the earliest days of corona outbreak in China, the initial affairs have been taken to control the virus. The rapid response of the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) significantly facilitated the clinical recognition as well as the early realization of the infection epidemiology.[4] Evidence suggests that other countries have also sought to include the virus through information and successful experiences from China and the WHO.[5] Undoubtedly, the context of information and media experiences in the COVID‐19 crisis should have certain features which could be utilized effectively by health practitioners and the general public for the influential prevention, recovery, and treatment. This article tries to explain two approaches in the form of narration and decision‐making based on simulated experiences previously proposed by Hogarth and Soyer[6] in COVID‐19 control process. In this article, the authors use the term "narration" instead of "storytelling."


Owing to its properties of high-luminescent efficiency,chemical stability and wet-resistence,Zn2SiO4 exhibits more excellent performance than the sulfides as luminescent host material.Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+(willemite)is an efficient phosphor for plasma display,cathodoluminescent and electroluminecent displays.Over the past few decades,researchers have studied intensely about factors influencing on the photoluminescent properties of Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+,such as calcining temperatures,concentration of Mn2+,atmosphere of heat treatment,various preparation methods.However,the pH value of the Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ precursor sol also plays an important role in its luminescent properties.Herein,we investigate the effects of pH value of the precursor sol,heating atmosphere(oxidizing,neutral protecting and reducing)and calcining temperature on the photoluminescent intensity of Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ phosphor powder.Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ phosphors have been prepared via a sol-gel route.Different pH values of the sol resulted in different geling time and the sol with pH value lower than 3 could not be gelatinized.After pre-heating at 600 ℃,Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ precursors were calcined in different atmosphere(air,N2 and mixture of 10%H2+ 90%N2)at heating temperature varing from 800 ℃ to 1 100 ℃.The structure of Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ has been characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),which shows that all the phase of phosphors is with α-Zn2SiO4 phase.The phosphor prepared from the sol with pH of 4.34 has the best crystallinity.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)is used to measure the particle size of the Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ phosphors and the mean size of the phosphor obtained from the sol with pH value of 4.34 is about 100 nm,larger than the size of the phosphors obtained from sols with pH values of 5.32 and 6.53.The results of photoluminescent(PL)spectra indicate that the PL intensity of the phosphor increases with increasing the pH value of precursor sol,and the maximum was obtained when the pH value of precursor sol is 4.34.Because the phosphor obtained from the sol with pH value of 4.34 has best crystallinity,and its particle size is larger,leading to smaller specific surface area.When the specific surface area is smaller,there are lower defects in the surface of particles and fewer nonradiative transitions appear.Additionally,the hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of the precursor sol with pH value of 4.34 have been carried throughly and properly,resulting in the well dispersion of the Mn ions.The emission intensity of Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ phosphors calcined in the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen is stronger than those of the phosphors calcined in the other heating atmosphere.Reducing atmosphere could easily split Mn-Mn pair and produce large number of isolated Mn ions.With H2 existing in the heating atmosphere,more Zn ions incline to be volatilized and more Mn ions would substitute for Zn ions.Therefore,the PL intensity of Zn2SiO4∶Mn2+ phosphors is the strongest when the pH value of the precursor sol is 4.34 and the phosphors are calcined in the mixture of N2 and H2 at 900 ℃.


It is important to underline a fundamental principle in tourism planning. This paper is to review the tourism planning on authenticity and integrity principle by taking a case from the protection and development of Lianyun Old Quarter to trigger the combination research of theory and practice in tourism planning.


In this paper, the characteristics of the adequate legislative approach to complex policy problems will be discussed. The main target is to analyse the strong orientation towards consensus as a foundation for decision-making. Complex policy problems may be characterized by a complex structure with several different (moral) viewpoints, perspectives, and with uncertainties about possibilities, developments, and consequences at the very moment and in the future. These policy problems are not easily tackled. To analyse the structure of these complex policy problems and to illustrate the issues involved, case studies on animal biotechnology in three different countries will be used as examples. If the complexity of policy problems is not adequately understood, these problems may lead to intractable conflicts. In the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Denmark the policy problem of animal biotechnology is characterized by rapid developments and a strong moral impact. Both entail a varying number of perspectives and viewpoints, and a lack of knowledge about future applications, risks, consequences, and impacts. There is a great deal of disagreement about the values, scientific methods, empirical facts, and definitions concerning animal technology, and about what to expect from the possibilities of this technology. Consequently, regulation of animal biotechnology is not easy. In the three countries of the case studies, the policy problem is tackled by a legislative approach with an orientation towards consensus which has raised problems in all three cases. The thesis of this paper is that an adequate legislative approach to complex policy problems is not served by a strong focus on consensus.The aim of this paper is not to argue for a general rejection of consensus as a basis for regulation, but to critically discuss the orientation towards consensus as a political aim for some kinds of policy problems. The adequacy of this strong focus on consensus in legislative approaches to complex policy problems is questioned. Instead, accepting dissensus as part of the political process can tackle issues concerning complex policy problems such as animal biotechnology. To analyse the focus on consensus, models of deliberative democracy will be discussed in this paper. Consensus and the search for consensus as a method to structure deliberation are important sources for legitimacy of decisions and the use of certain instruments in most models of deliberative democracy.


What happens when a satellite owned by a private company in one state crashes into another state's satellite? International space law has an answer. The solution, however, reflects a bygone, state-centric era created by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. A better system must meet demands of the emerging commercial space sector. The treaty framework governing state activities in outer space reflects Cold War fears. Consequently, the space liability regime favors diplomatic, cooperative dispute resolution between states. States, therefore, must sponsor private entities' claims. If the treaty process is ineffective, state responsibility and international liability fill the gaps left by the space liability regime. Today, space is increasingly crowded as commercial ventures launch into space. For them, a state-centric liability regime is ineffective. I conclude by suggesting that states back commercial ventures by subsidizing liability insurance and encourage the private sector to circumvent the treaty framework through contractual allocation of risk.


During the 1976 and 1977 growing seasons the growth of wild rice was quantified at four sampling stations on the Mississippi River near the Clay Boswell Steam Electric Station at Cohasset, Minnesot...


We extend the current theory of stack filters by determining fixed points for the infmite length signals using positive Boolean functions. Fixed point analysis is basically determining root structure. We describe the fixed point structure for three and four variable positive Boolean functions and describe how one may generate larger positive Boolean functions and simultaneously generate their fixed point structure. We give two explicit formulations for the stack filter that correspond to any positive Boolean function. We then discuss explicit algorithms for generalizing positive Boolean functions that will "stack" on each other. We define a generalized stack filter as the filter that has varying positive Boolean function at various levels. We provide sufficient conditions so that positive Boolean functions in a generalized stack filter can be varied at levels and still uphold threshold decomposition and stacking properties. We also describe a rule which must be followed in the stacking of rank order filters if the stacking property is to be satisfied. Design of stack filters is also presented.


A panel of prominent authors and researchers were queriedvia the Delphi technique to determine the future nature of business gaming. Although the future's typical computer will be more flexible and more powerful, most business schools will not possess "cutting edge" technology. The typical game will simulate more issues and interactions, and the game's administrator will have more playing options available. Many decision-making aids will supplement game play within global rather than domestic competitive situations. The division between computer-based games and paper-based experiential exercises will be blurred through the use of game-generated exercises and case analysis software.


In this work, a colossal enhancement of strain sensitivities through the push-pull deformation method in interferometry is reported for the first time. For the demonstration of the new method, two cascaded interferometers in a fiber loop mirror are used. Usually, strain is applied at the fiber end of the interferometers. In this work, we propose applying strain at the middle of the two cascaded interferometers whereas the fiber ends of the sensor are fixed. Strain is then applied in the fusion region between the two-cascaded interferometers in a push-pull configuration, thus ensuring simultaneously the extension of one interferometer and the compression of the other. Although the carrier signal is maintained constant, the proposed technique induces a colossal enhancement of sensitivity in the envelope signal. Strain sensitivities up to 10000 pm/ $\mu \varepsilon $ are achieved.


Abstract : Studies to date have shown that a 0.10 C, 0.75 Mn, 5.0 Ni, 0.55 Cr, 0.55 Mo, 0.07 V steel is very promising as an HY-130/150 steel. However, the minimum yield-strength range (130 to 150 ksi) and the plate-thickness range of interest (1/2 through 6 inches) are quite broad and may demand composition modifications to meet the full range of HY-130/150 requirements. Therefore, the yieldstrength and thickness requirements were broken down into four classes: (1) 130 to 145 ksi through 3 inches, (2) 140 to 155 ksi through 3 inches, (3) 130 to 145 ksi in 3 through 6 inches, and (4) 140 to 155 ksi in 3 through 6 inches; and a statistically designed program was initiated to determine the changes in the manganese, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum contents of the 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel that would be needed to meet the various requirements. The results showed that no modifications in the standard composition of the 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel are needed to meet requirements (2) and (3), and that requirement (1) could be met by lowering the molybdenum to about 0.40 percent. Requirement (4) could not be met by simply increasing the hardenability because the Charpy V-notch energy absorption fell below 60 ft-lb at 0 F. Further examination of the results of the present study on Laboratory steels indicates that the best combination of strength and toughness is achieved when the manganese is decreased and the nickel is increased. (Author)


Recently hints of lepton flavor non-universality emerged when the BaBar Collabora- tion observed deviations from the standard model predictions in R(D (�) ) ≡ B( ¯ B → D (�)+ τ ¯ ντ)/B( ¯ B → D (�)+ l ¯l) (l = e,µ). Another test of this non-universality can be in the semileptonicb → �cτ¯ ντ decay. In this work we present predictions for this decay in the standard model and in the presence of new-physics operators with dif- ferent Lorentz structures. We present the most general four-fold angular distribution for this decay including new physics. For phenomenology, we focus on predictions for the decay rate and the differential distribution in the momentum transfer squared q 2 . In particular, we calculate Rb = BR(�b!� cτ¯ ντ) BR(�b!�cl¯ νl) where l represents µ or e, and find the standard model prediction to be around 0.3 while the new physics operators can increase or decrease this value.


This work shows an application of algorithms in which fuzzy techniques are used. It is focused on the automation of image analysis for use with a non-invasive technique, as magnetic resonance, in multiple sclerosis patients, and specifically in detection of the smallest lesions. The typical uncertainty in the definition of these lesions lead us to consider that a fuzzy approach is a good solution to the problem.
The design of the algorithm is based on the definition of a rule set, which enable feature extraction and data analysis. The fuzzification process is solved by means of probability density functions. In this way we obtain OWA operators that achieve a high degree of detection in these lesions.
The proposed design resolves the problem of false detections by the use of various filters implemented from new rules.


Summary

It is pointed out that after identifying reflection events from the same horizon on two records obtained on the same spread from two different shotpoints, one can simultaneously estimate parameters of reflection events and relative static corrections. The parameters of reflection events are treated as quantities to compute whereas relative static corrections are treated as quantities to minimize by the least squares method. Static corrections obtained from different horizons for the same point on the spread are averaged.

The case of more than one pair of records for the same spread (or part of the spread), vital for multiple coverage, is also discussed.


Last year's meeting marked the Association's first-ever excursion to St. Pete Beach and a return to Florida after more than twenty years. (Florida has hosted the association on five prior occasions: Orlando, 1993; Hollywood-by-the Sea, 1972; Miami Beach, 1962; and Jacksonville, 1956 and 1953.) The Local Arrangements Committee, chaired by Ray Arsenault, did a superlative job raising funds for a fantastic opening reception (accompanied by a jazz trio) and put together an extensive list of tours that included downtown museums, Fort De Soto, Tarpon Springs, the Florida Botanical Gardens, and Ybor City. The program also had a Florida flavor, thanks to the Program Committee and its chairs, Jim Downs and Sandra G. Treadway, who brought us papers focusing on Everglades National Park, slave smuggling in Spanish Florida, race and sports at Florida A&M University, black suburbanization in Tampa Bay, and a host of other topics. The program as a whole was rich and diverse, anchored by the opening and final plenaries, on "Southern History, Looking Backward" and "Southern History, Looking Forward," respectively, and accented by the new "Southern History in the Headlines" format as well as by Catherine Clinton's fearless presidential address. Attendance, at 1,031, was mildly down from the previous two years. Ironically, our bookings at the hotel itself were up, probably because of folks extending their stays or coming with their families and thus reducing room-sharing. To the secretary-treasurer, this metric matters a great deal, as our bookings are key to our ability to negotiate lower room rates. Speaking of negotiating: The Association is pleased to announce that it has contracted with INMEX, an organization specializing in socially responsible event planning, to help us navigate the increasingly complex world of hotel contracts. A nonprofit whose reasonable fee is paid by


Nucleic acid analogs were prepared by grafting uracil and 5-fluorouracil de rivatives containing a hydroxy group onto linear polyethyleneimine. The polymers contained about 90 unit% of the nucleic acid bases, and were freely soluble in water at neutral pH value. They were found to form polymer com plexes with polynucleotide by specific base-base interaction in aqueous solu tion.


Abstract : M30, a triple base large caliber propellant, was uniaxially compressed at a rate of 100/s to an end state strain of 50.0%, 20.0%, and 10.0% at temperatures from -40 to 60 degrees C. The failure modulus was measured, and closed bomb firings were made to determine how the grain damage affected the pressure generation. The pressure-time curves from the damaged propellant were analyzed to extract the burning surface area profiles. Results showed that a line fit to the first 10% of the surface area versus fraction burned curve seemed to be directly related to the logarithm of the failure modulus. The three resulting least square fit curves, one for each level of strain, fell into a series that permitted the effective surface area profile to be predicted for any combination of failure modulus and end state strain within the fracture domain. These results provide a method for assessing fracture damage by means of a simple mechanical measurement. Mechanical response, Surface area, Fracture damage, Propellants, M30, Failure modulus, Failure.


The convergence of silicon photonics and infrared plasmonics allows compact, chip-scale spectral sensors. We report on the development of a compact mid-IR spectrometer based on a broad-band IR source, dielectric waveguides, a transformer to convert between waveguide modes and surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), an interaction region where analyte molecules are interrogated by SPPs, an array of ring resonators to disperse the light into spectral components, and photodetectors. The mid-IR light source emits into a dielectric waveguide, leading to a region that allows coupling of the incident photons into SPPs. The SPPs propagate along a functionalized metal surface within an interaction region. Interactions between the propagating SPP and any analytes bound to the surface increase loss at those wavelengths that correspond to the analyte vibrational modes. After a suitable propagation length the SPP will be coupled back into a dielectric waveguide, where specific wavelength components will be out-coupled to detectors by an array of ring resonators. We have selected a 3.4 micron LED as the IR source, based on both cost and performance. Initial experiments with circular waveguides formed from GLSO glass include measurement of the loss per mm. Electrodynamic simulations have been performed to inform the eventual Si taper design of the proposed photonic/plasmonic transformer. The SPP propagation length necessary for a discernible change in the signal due to absorption in the interaction region has been estimated to be on the order of 1 mm, well within the bounds of calculated propagation lengths for SPPs on Au.


: The direct hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) synthesis from H 2 and O 2 is a strongly desired reaction for green processes and a promising alternative to the commercialized anthraquinone process. The design of efficient catalysts with high activity and H 2 O 2 selectivity is highly desirable and yet challenging. Metal dopants enhance the performance of the active phase by increasing reaction rates, stability, and/or selectivity. Identifying efficient dopants mostly relies on catalysts prepared with the random and non-uniform deposition of active and promoter phases. To study the promotional effects of metal doping on palladium catalysts, we employ colloidal, bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) to produce catalysts where the active and doping metals are co-localized to a fine extent. In the absence of any acid and halide promotors, PdSn and PdGa NCs (PdSn/s-TiO 2 , PdGa/s-TiO 2 ) were highly efficient and clearly outperformed the monometallic palladium catalyst (Pd/s-TiO 2 ), while in the presence of acid promotor the overall H 2 O 2 productivity was also further enhanced for the Ni-, Ga-, In-, and Sn-doped catalysts with respect to Pd/s-TiO 2 . Jena). The H 2 conversion ( X (H 2 )) and the H 2 O 2 selectivity ( S (H 2 O 2 )) were determined after 63 min of reaction using equations (1) and (2), respectively. Typically, all catalytic tests were performed twice and mean S (H 2 O 2 ), X (H 2 ) and P (H 2 O 2 ) were calculated. The mean error over all experiments was 0.7 mmol L -1 ( c (H 2 O 2 )), 1.7 % ( X (H 2 )), 3.2 % ( S (H 2 O 2 )), and 277 mol kg Pd-1 h -1 ( P (H 2 O 2 )). Bimetallic PdM (M = Pb) nanocrystals are synthesized and used as precursors for heterogeneous catalysts. The influence of these metal dopants on the catalytic performance is explored in the direct synthesis of H 2 O 2 from molecular H 2 and O 2 in presence and absence of acid promoters.


By means of temperature programmed desorption (TPD), static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we have investigated further the states of oxygen adsorbed on rutile TiO2. Previous work has shown that annealing the (110) surface in a vacuum produces isolated bridging oxygen vacancies, and that these vacancies are intimately connected with molecular and dissociative oxygen adsorption channels. We find that at 115 K illumination of the oxygen-exposed surface with 4.1 eV photons results in photodesorption of the oxygen associated with a TPD state centered on 410 K, in contrast to the remaining oxygen destined for a dissociative channel. An unusual effect of water overlayers on the photochemical properties of the O/TiO2(110) system is explored. For thick overlayers, it is possible to generate via UV irradiation a previously unobserved oxygen TPD state. Evidence is presented for this new O2 TPD state originating from the photolysis of an O2−water adduct.


Rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequences have been used to map the 31P phosphocreatine (PCr) signal in human forearms at 4.7 T. Signal‐to‐noise levels of approximately 10 were achieved from the major muscle groups in 5.5‐minute scan times with a spatial resolution of 4 × 2 × 2 cm3. Exercise caused demonstrable reductions in PCr signal from activated muscles, which correlated with affected muscle groups in T2‐weighted proton images. RARE imaging of the PCr signal at 4.7 T is feasible and, with technically achievable improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio, should prove useful in studying energy metabolism in muscle and other organs.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Ho:YAG laser in the endourological treatment of ureter calculi. Methods The clinical date of 96 cases of ureter calculi treated by endourological Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy were reviewed. Results After a single lithotripsy. The overall successful stone frag mentation rate in 32 cases of upper uretera calculi was 90.6% (29/32),The mean stone-free elimination time was 2.5 weeks. The mean post operation hospital stay was 2 days. 64 cases of middle or lower levels uretera calculi was 96.9% (62/64). No complications was observed. Conclusions Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy is a new,safe and efficient method for the treatment of urolithiasis. The therapeutic effect and safety are proximate in cases of upper and lower levels uretera calculi.


The invention provides a signal transformer module. The signal transformer module employs an ADI REF01 high-precision low-drift DC10V reference power supply to provide a precise and stable DC10V +/- 0.0002V/800mA excitation power supply for a sensor through a negative feedback current amplification circuit, phi type filtering is carried out on a direct current millivolt signal input to a CBC-FD1 signal transformer after amplitude limiting protection to remove burrs and common mode interference, the common mode rejection ratio is 140dB, and then, the direct current millivolt signal is amplified by an AD620 low-drift differential instrument amplifier to 0-10V, is converted into a DC0-20mA or DC4-20mA signal by an LF444 construction mirror image current source and is output after LC filtering and bidirectional amplitude limiting protection. The module converts the direct current millivolt signal into the DC0-20mA, DC4-20mA or DC0-5V signal. The direct current millivolt signal is output after the bidirectional amplitude limiting protection to avoid external surge interference damaging the output circuit.


The article is devoted to the burning issue of formulation of an instruction method in teaching verbal monological (spontaneous or prepared) speech to junior schoolchildren. The most important theoretical notions, such as «text», «discourse», «text semantic integrity)) are considered. Semantic integrity of verbal statements by the students of the 1st and 2nd grade as a complex analyticalsynthetically activity is analyzed.


Bolton-Hunter reagent, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, has been investigated for its application as a derivatizing agent to introduce an electrochemically active group into aliphatic amines. The phenolic derivatives form readily and could be detected at low concentrations in chromatographic effluents.


In this work, the effect of wheat flour and water replacement by pequi pulp and flour on the bread development and preparation enriched with this fruit was studied. Two experimental designs were used for two independent variables, the first evaluating the wheat flour partial replacement by pequi husk flour (x1) and pequi pulp flour (x2). The second design evaluated the wheat flour and water partial replacement by pequi husk flour (x1) and pequi pulp (x2), respectively. At the same time, a control test was conducted (without the addition of pequi flour and pulp) for comparison. The evaluated dependent variables of the bread quality characteristics were: dough volume; expansion rate; specific volume and density; texture profile and gluten content. It was possible to verify that only the gluten content was influenced by the replacement of wheat flour by pequi husk flour, whereas, only the specific volume was influenced by the replacement of water by pequi pulp. In general, the best replacement range was obtained with the formulation using between 0.75 to 2.5% pequi husk flour; up to 20% pequi pulp flour and between 5 and 35% of pequi pulp.


The Dance of Discovery: Research and Innovation in Dance/Movement Therapy, 44th Annual Conference of the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA), October 8–11, 2009, Portland, Oregon, USA. Last y...


IN New England the Periodical Cicada (Tibicen septendecim) of 1906, known as brood VIII (Marlatt) is confined to portions of Plymouth and Barnstable counties, Massachusetts. I have attempted to find out, as nearly as possible, the area occupied by this insect in the two counties. The most northern locality seems to be the Mahomet Hills, or "Pine Hills" as they are locally called, about five miles southeast of Plymouth. This is the only record I have from Plymouth county. In Barnstable county, it is more widely distributed. Mr. Arthur A. tteald, Supt. of Public Schools, of Wareham, in a letter dated June 27, says'--"At present all that I can speak of with certainty are the towns of Sandwich, Mashpee, Bourne and Falmouth. Mr. Joseph A. Cushman fo.und them very abundant at North Falmouth, June 15; they were also very plentiful at Cataumet and Pocasset. Miss Delia I. Griffin, Curator of the Fairbanks Museum, St. Johnsbury, Vermont, found it in great numbers in the woods near Osterville; this is the most easterly locality from which it has been reported. It made its appearance during the first week in June, the third being the first positive date I have of its emergence. C. W. JOHNSON.


The author takes the area of Wangcheng town in Changsha as an example,gathering and surveying the conditions of the rural buildings around Changsha,which are combined with the related materials,thus the author summarizes the landform and erlief and the long-term climate peculiarity in this area.Basing on the methods of ecological design,the author puts forward several design models of rural buildings that suit to this area.


Objective
Based on the existing problems in the process of teaching of information technology courses in many medical colleges, this paper grasps the development trend of discipline and industry, and explores the reform of the teaching content of information technology courses.

Methods
This paper adopts the way of self-designed questionnaire which targets at a total of 509 students who own five year system in clinical medicine from 2013 to 2015 in Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University to proceed the relevant investigation on the teaching of medical information technology courses , then deals with the questionnaire data by Microsoft Excel 2016.

Results
Most students think that Course Content Settings of medical information technology based on electronic medical records are useful(useful+ very useful), and 78.4%(379/509) of students who learn the course is to master the operation of electronic documents so as to complete the writing of electronic medical records proficiently, and 61.7% (314/509)of students think that they should strengthen professional-related skills.

Conclusions
Medical information technology course takes the application of Electric Medical Record as the platform, it is not only optimizes the knowledge structure of this course, but also scientifically arranges the content of theoretical and experimental teaching, and combines the teaching of medical information technology with vocational skills, which helps to improve students' job competency.

Key words:
Electronic medical record; Medical information technology course; Teaching content


Sustainable construction is an emerging field of science that aims at incorporating the general sustainable development concepts into conventional construction practices. In spite of its importance and the proliferation of literature on sustainable construction, it is not yet a standard industry practice. This paper recognizes some key barriers to the implementation of sustainable construction, and discusses a new research effort undertaken by the authors that aims to eliminate some of the barriers and help in enabling sustainable construction. The methodology adopted exploits the power of systems engineering and the rapid evolution of Building Information Modelling (BIM), pursuing the development of a BIM-oriented data model for enabling sustainable construction. The environment, the built facility, and the construction/production system are abstracted as three interacting Systems of Systems (SoS). Accordingly, the framework for data model development is outlined, illustrating different operating mechanisms.


Celecoxib as adjuvant therapy has been shown in a small randomized trial for Covid-19 to prevent clinical deterioration and rapidly improve thoracic computerized axial tomography (CT-chest)1. Multiple descriptive trials of high dose famotidine (both inpatient and outpatient) have demonstrated clinical response2,3,4. We describe the rapid clinical responses after increasing the celecoxib dosage to 400mg bid with high dose famotidine 80mg qid in both a critical inpatient who on baseline required 40 liters per minute high flow nasal insufflation and an outpatient who declined admission but had critical Covid-19 biomarkers.


Section 1. President's Homeland Security Advisory Council. (a) Establishment and Membership. I hereby establish the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council (PHSAC). The PHSAC shall be composed of not more than 21 members appointed by the President. In addition, the Chair and the Vice Chair of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council; the Chairman of the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee; and the Chair of the Panel on the Science and Technology of Combating Terrorism, President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, shall serve as ex officio members of the PHSAC. The appointed members of the PHSAC shall be selected from the private sector, academia, professional service associations, federally funded research and development centers, nongovernmental organizations, State and local governments, and other appropriate professions and communities.


Soluble copolyimides containing fluorinated alkoxy (FA) groups and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) side chains were prepared by means of polycondensation of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), 3-(3,5-diamino-benzyloxy)propyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (DAB-PDMS) and 3,5-diaminobenzyl fluoroalkyl ether (DAB-FA) followed by imidation. Tough menbranes were prepared from the copolymides by a solvent casting method. The introduction of FA groups and PDMS side chains remarkably increases the hydrophobicity of the copolyimide film, the contact angle of water being raised to 124°C. Introduction of FA groups in the copolyimide resulted also in an increase of the permselectivity of oxygen toward nitrogen of the membrane. Furthermore, the selective permeation of organic liquids was observed in the pervaporation of aqueous organic solutions through the membrane.


Church devised the lambda calculus intending it to be a foundation for mathematics instead of set theory, but the lambda calculus has been most useful as a model of computation. Types have been added to the lambda calculus to enforce meaningful computations. Girard and Reynolds independently invented the second-order polymorphically-typed lambda calculus, known as System F, to handle problems in logic and computer programming language design, respectively. Viewing F in the "Curry style", associating types with untyped lambda terms, raises the questions of typability and type checking. Typability asks for a term whether there exists some type it can be given. Type checking asks whether a term can be given a particular type. The decidability of these problems has been settled for restrictions and extensions of F and related systems and complexity lower-bounds have been determined for typability in F, but until now decidability for F has remained unknown.
Subtyping relates types so that terms of one type automatically belong to other types. Mitchell devised a simple subtyping system for F, one without bounded polymorphic quantification or a distinguished supertype of all types. Mitchell showed extending F with his subtyping is the same as adding the eta rule to produce System F plus eta, which allows eta-equivalent terms to have the same types. Until recently, the decidability of Mitchell's subtyping has been unknown as has been the decidability of type checking and typability for F plus eta.
This dissertation proves these problems undecidable: (1) Type checking for F, by a reduction from semi-unification. (2) Typability for F, by a reduction from type checking. (3) Mitchell's subtyping system, by a reduction from semi-unification. (4) Type checking for F plus eta, implied by 3. (5) Typability for F plus eta, by a reduction from type checking. These are the only proofs for 1, 2, and 5. The proofs for 1 and 2 also work for the special case of the lambda-I calculus. There is another proof for 3 which preceded the proof within by a month, but which uses more complex and completely different methods.


Epoxy allylsilanes can be cyclized with Lewis acids to give cyclic alcohols in a biomimetic synthesis of mono and bicyclic compounds. The allylsilane has a pronounced effect on activating an olefin in this cyclization and producing the exocyclic methylene regioselectively. A short synthesis of karahana ether (5) is reported.


In the last several decades, the main causes of human migration have included: poverty, war and political strife, climate change, tsunamis, earthquakes, as well as economic and educational possibilities In this paper, we present a system-optimized network model for multiple migration classes with migration costs and regulations inspired by the Covid-19 pandemic We derive the variational inequality formulation associated with the system-optimization problem which consists of maximizing the total societal welfare Lagrange analysis is also performed in order to obtain a precise evaluation of the multiclass human migration phenomenon This work adds to the literature on system-optimization of human migration in the presence of regulations and with the explicit inclusion of migration costs


Large-area electronics (LAE) enables diverse transducers on large, flexible substrates (~10m2), making possible expansive sensor arrays and energy harvesting devices. We present a second-generation system for high-resolution structural-health monitoring of bridges achieved by combining LAE with CMOS ICs in a scalable architecture. It aims to enable strain sensing scalable down to cm-resolution over the large-area sheets. Compared to previous work [1], the system presents several advances, including self-powered operation with embedded energy harvesting, generalized readout and control interfaces for sensor arrays based on thin-film transistors (TFTs), and full integration of instrumentation and communication circuits for multi-sensor acquisition, digitization, and self calibration. The instrumentation subsystem achieves multi-channel strain sensing with sensitivity of 23μStrainRMS, at an energy/measurement of 148nJ and 286nJ for readout and sensor-access control, respectively. The power-management subsystem achieves 30% efficiency for power inversion and inductive power delivery using a thin-film harvesting circuit with a solar module, and 80.5% overall efficiency for generating three voltage supplies via CMOS DC-DC converters.


Abstract In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in block copolymer with broad dispersity. Previous studies showed that increasing polydispersity influences the self-assembly behavior of block copolymers; however, disagreements between experimental and computational studies remained on key issues including the extent of domain swelling with increasing block dispersity and the effects of polydispersity on order–disorder and order–order transitions in block copolymers. Furthermore, while polydispersity stabilized complex microdomain morphologies and macrophase separation were suggested by a number of computational reports, experimental evidences on the topic were rare. Building on these earlier studies, new advances have been made on the synthesis and characterization of polydisperse block copolymers. These recent studies resolve the existing controversies in the field and bring new insights on polydisperse block copolymer phase behavior. Here, we highlight studies on polydisperse block copolymers published in the past ten years.


Trench structure that enables lateral PIN with single-step dry-etching was exploited to optical mode switch for the first time. Successful current-injected (60mA) optical mode switching was confirmed with polarization independent characteristics.


Low-k time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is commonly considered an important reliability issue. It has been proposed that there is an interrelation of field and temperature dependence between TDDB thermal activation energies and field acceleration parameters, which could provide a more comprehensive picture to understand low-k TDDB breakdown mechanism. In this study, an extensive investigation of low-k TDDB degradation at 32nm over a wide range of fields and temperatures was conducted for Cu interconnects with and without regular TaN/Ta liner. New interrelations of field and temperature dependence between TDDB thermal activation energies and field acceleration parameters for Cu samples with and without liner were experimentally identified, which provide a new insight to roles of Cu in low-k TDDB breakdown model.


General Electric and International Rectifier switching diodes were tested. Group 2 testing proved to be most damaging to both lots. In group 2 testing many visual failures were seen in samples from both manufacturers.


This paper on self-selected pricing for highway fees is from the proceedings of 14th international Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, which was held in Malta in 2008. The author describes the electronic toll collection (ETC) commuting discount which is applied in Japan to travels of less than 100km, except in metropolitan areas. The theoretical base of this policy is that is will be a self-selecting road pricing which discriminates users on the basis of payment means, travel distance, time period, and space. The author notes that for this policy to be fully implemented, users must be presented with long-term incentives for installing ETC devices in their automobiles. The author reports on a study that applied the traditional bottleneck congestion model to the ETC commuting discount of highway fees. The results demonstrated that the self-select pricing mechanism eliminates the negative effects of granting discounts in the peak period. The conditions are based on the number of ETC users, the capacity of the bottleneck, and the length of the discounted period. The author cautions that these study results may not hold when ETC use becomes widespread and traffic congestion returns.


In 1599, Shakespeare completed his historical monarchistic tetralogy with Henry V , a play centered on the Battle of Agincourt in the Hundred Years War. In Act IV, an unnamed boy voices to an emptying stage that "the saying is true, the empty vessel makes the greatest sound." In all likelihood, Shakespeare borrowed the clever phrase from the early English author, William Baldwin. Idiomatically, the maxim continues to imply, some four centuries later, that the loquacious may actually have little to say. Although empty vessels, figuratively, may contribute little to the dialog of dermatopathology, the opposite has happened with literal cutaneous vessels, whether empty or congested, in the pages of the JCP and elsewhere. In the recent past, our understanding of vascular tumors and vascular conditions marches rapidly onward. In the realm of vasoocclusive disorders, cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) remains a truly exceptional disease. Clinically, CCV serves as a remarkable mimic of generalized essential telangiectasia.1,2 In distinct contrast to the female predominance associated with many vascular maladies, such as Raynaud phenomenon, CCV most commonly presents in men. The disorder probably holds no larger relationship with diabetes mellitus or any other underlying systemic disease, although a small number of affected patients have been diabetic.1 The prevalence of CCV has almost certainly been under-recognized, and a biopsy is crucial to establishing the diagnosis, as the clinical morphology is not unique. Although the pathogenesis of CCV remains unestablished in any precise fashion, a potential insight has been provided in a report published elsewhere in this issue of the JCP .2 An 84-year-old man who presented with microscopically typical CCV and who lacked evidence of an underlying vasculitic or coagulopathic state had organizing fibrin thrombi apparent within some distal vascular lumina, thus suggesting that the distinctive histomorphology of CCV may be a secondary consequence of thromboocclusive microangiopathy. Determining whether fibrin thrombi occur in CCV only exceptionally are whether instead small vessel occlusion represents a cornerstone of the disease will require further study. In the realm of the nosology of vascular proliferations, there has been considerable enthusiasm for the use of immunohistochemistry to distinguish authentic hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and vascular malformations. Agents commonly used include Prox1, LYVE1, D2-40, and WT-1. Despite the precision these reagents seemingly contribute to daily diagnostic decision making, it is important to recognize that their operational status in many settings may be no different or only marginally better than well-informed conventional microscopy.3 This is especially true in the distinction of lymphangioma and hemangioma, as determinants such as D2-40 and LYVE1 may label endothelium on both sides of the equation.3,4 Utilizing combinations of immunostains may improve diagnostic power,3 but the application of such an approach to many routine cases is probably fiscally irresponsible. Similarly, although WT-1 labels the prototypical hemangioma and generally fails to label a stereotypical malformation, the labeling produced by the reagent may at times be less than straightforward. Verrucous hemangioma, which bridges somewhat awkwardly between malformation and authentic angioma, presenting clinically as (and probably representing) the former but having some hemangioma-like histopathologic characteristics, may express WT-1.5 The precise distribution of WT-1 positivity seems to be an important factor in this context. Proliferative vascular tumors (authentic hemangiomas) tend to exhibit prominent endothelial


An essential aspect of experimental campaigns in ocean basins is the extrapolation of results to prototype scale. In the case of "spar" or semi-submersible platforms for floating wind turbines, it is customary to use heave plates that reduce the heave motion and/or tune its period. As part of the Hiprwind project, it was decided to study the scale effects on the hydrodynamics of these elements. To this aim, models of one column of the platform, equipped with a plain heave plate, were built. This model is a simplified representation of the actual one, which incorporates an edge vertical flap. The scales were 1:20, 1:27.6, and 1:45.45, with the former leading to added mass values of the order of 300kg, becoming one of the largest model for which experiments with heave oscillations have been carried out. Decay tests starting from various amplitudes and forced oscillations tests were performed at a range of frequencies and operational and extreme KCs (range of motion). Results related to these tests will be discussed in the paper.


Biological and ecological models are being increasingly used to explain the natural world. Model creation is an iterative process requiring two steps: training and evaluating the models. However, this process can become complex when multiple models are trained and evaluated at the same time. Besides, development steps can be lost, reducing the reproducibility of model creation. We introduce Mouffet, an open-source Python framework that aims to make model creation easier, more robust, and more reproducible. It provides a set of configuration files and high-level Python interfaces that help managing data, training, and evaluating models. To improve reproducibility, every step of the model creation process, including the options used, are saved. Mouffet introduces the notion of scenarios that allow users to define multiple training or evaluation tasks in a single configuration file. This not only facilitates model creation but enables users to define experimental plans to study the effect of selected parameters on training or evaluation. While initially developed for deep learning models, Mouffet is independent of the implementation of the models. Therefore, it could be successfully used to compare different modelling approaches. Besides, its ease of use makes it a choice tool for ecologists, even when not familiar with complex model creation.


In regional assessments of permafrost and groundwater conditions, it is necessary to account for the abundance of floodplain taliks. A generally accepted opinion on the regularities of their territorial distribution has not been formed due to the scarcity of direct information serving a basis for traditional approaches. The fact that convective heat exchange between rivers and floodplain taliks sufficiently lowers water temperatures, makes it possible to use the according reference data. An integrated characteristic has been worked out accounting also for climate conditions and water discharge. Estimates demonstrate that North-Eastern Asia is distinguished by the outstanding abundance of floodplain taliks and also reaffirm their correlation to braided rivers. The results facilitate significantly territorial assessments in question and improve their feasibility.


Polymer melts have viscoelastic characteristics. Many researches for the circulation flows at the corner of capillary die and die swell have been performed to investigate the complicated viscoelastic flow behaviors. This study is an extension of previous researches from the capillary die to an annular die. Flow behaviors and die swells in an annular die have been investigated in this study. Rheological properties required in computer simulation were measured through experiment. And then computer simulation of die extrusion has been performed using non-linear viscoelastic model and generalized Newtonian model. Pressure and velocity distributions inside of the annular die have been analyzed. Extruded profiles of annular shape have been predicted and analyzed. Inner and outer profiles of annular shaped extrudate were different according to the rheological models whereas pressure and velocity distributions inside of the annular die were similar. Detailed phenomena of die swell have been analyzed for various relaxation times in the PTT (Phan-Thien Tanner) model, which was used for the non-linear viscoelastic model. Swells of outer diameter, inner diameter, and thickness for diverse flow rate have been also analyzed quantitatively.


This article offers an interpretation of the possible meanings present in the ancient altar-piece or reredos of Saint James the Apostle in Algemesi [province of Valencia], painted by Francisco Ribalta between 1603 and 1610. It studies the different iconographical types that formed the altar-piece and their underlying literary tradition by means of an interpretation of the ideological discourse manifested in the diverse narrative and conceptual images, as examples of conversion, preaching and virtue as a path to perfection in Christian life.


This paper analyzes the journals in the field of Food Science and Technology on
 the basis of statistical data from the database Journal Citation Reporsts for 2012. The
 analysis was conducted using the following metric indicators for determining the
 journal value: Articles, Total Cites, Cited Half-life, Impact Factor, 5-Year Impact Factor,
 Immediacy Index, Eigen factor Score and Article Influence Score.


In this paper we compare the evolutionary and run time behaviours of two forms of indirect encoding and a direct encoding. The indirect encodings are comparable to approaches used in the emerging field of developmental systems. We evolve a developmental encoding based on a cellular automaton to grow bit patterns of predefined complexities (in the Kolmogorov sense), and compare its behaviour to the evolution of a direct encoding on the same task. We find that the developmental encodings perform worse at high complexities than the direct encodings, and suggest that this is an artefact from using cell overwriting. Our findings suggest that developmental approaches may scale better for tasks that have complexities below a certain threshold.


Aim. This study aims to determine the impact of invasive treatment strategy on long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in late admission to PCI center (12-48 hours from the symptom onset) in comparison with conservative management.Material and methods. The study population included 154 people with STEMI, admitted to V. P. Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary during 12-48 hours after onset of myocardial ischemia symptoms, for the period of inclusion (2013-2017). The mean age of the patients was 57,2±9,2 years old. The study evaluated two time periods: intrahospital and long-term (during 4 years from the index hospitalization). The primary end-point: cardiovascular death. The secondary combined end-point included: myocardial infarction recurrence, life-threatening rhythm disturbances, acute bleeding, heart failure NYHA III-IV functional class. The patients were divided into two groups depending on initially chosen management strategy: invasive (I) (n=113; 73,4%) or conservative (II) treatment (n=41; 26,6%).Results. Comparing frequency of occurrence of cardiovascular death depending on chosen treatment tactics, we found that the probability of lethal outcome from cardiovascular causes in conservatively treated patients increased by 20,64 times (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,04-408,61), p=0,018 during intrahospital period of the study. The analysis performed using the Kaplan-Meier method showed the medians of the time of lethal outcome occurrence: in conservative group — 76,5 months (95% CI: 67,6-85 months), in invasive group — 92,1 months (95% CI: 88,9-95,3 months), p=0,014.Conclusion. This study presented the results of our own retrospective study which confirms that revascularization in late-presenting patients with STEMI (12-48 hours from the symptom onset) results in improving the outcomes in both intrahospital and long-term periods.


Objective To investigate the expression of Nuclear factor kappa B p50(Nuclear factor kappa B p50,NF-κBp50) protein after renal ischemia-reperfusion and study the effect of NF-κBp50 protein on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 48 normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:Control group(C group) and Ischemia-reperfusion group(Ir group).The renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 6、12、24 and 72h,the right kidneys were removed before clamping left renal vascular.Observing pathological changes of nephridial tissue.Two-step immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the changes of expression of NF-κBp50 protein.Measuring myeloperoxidase(Mpo) activity and serum creatinine(Scr) levels,which reflected neutrophil activation and kidney dysfunction.Results In Ir group,local necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were found by HE staining,while similar changes were scarcely visible in C group.The myeloperoxidase(Mpo) activity and the serum creatinine(Scr) levels were increased remarkably compared with C group(P0.01).The expression of NF-κBp50 protein was gradually increased with duration of ischemia-reperfusion(P 0.01).Conclusion The increasing expression of NF-κBp50 protein suggested that it might play important roles in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.


Unusual [$uuw$]- and [$uv0$]-type axes of easy magnetization have been observed in some cubic rare-earth-iron Laves compounds. The presence of these directions of spontaneous magnetization can be accounted for, within the phenomenological treatment of the magnetic anisotropy, by including eighth-power direction-cosine terms in the power expansion of the magnetic anisotropy energy. It will also be shown that the single-ion model predicts the existence of these directions. The conditions imposed on the bulk magnetic anisotropy constants are derived. Typical values of these constants in rare-earth-iron Laves phases are calculated using the single-ion model.


The self-similar solutions are obtained for isothermal expansions of neutral plasmas into a vacuum. The classic solution given by Mora [Phys. Fluids 22, 12 (1979)] corresponds to a special case of our solution. Some special solutions have been pointed out by Gurevich et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 769 (1979)] and observed by a lot of experiments. The formulation of ion velocity with respect to the acceleration time is proposed for the general solution, and the numerical result can be obtained easily. The electric field and ion velocity at the ion front have been achieved.


Abstract : Oil is still one of the strategic energy resources for both the U.S. and the USAF today. Accurate oil prediction is important for the U.S. in order to improve the national strategy and the related budget concerns. Today, the U.S. is roughly importing 58% of its petroleum products. Moreover, in Financial Year (FY) 2007 the USAF total energy costs exceeded $6.9 billion. Aviation fuel accounted for approximately 81% of the total AF energy costs. Fluctuations in oil prices have huge impacts on the USAF's JP-8 budgetary calculations. In order to handle this problem, the need for accurate forecasts arises. In this study, we forecast the USAF's JP-8 consumption and costs for the next five year period. The study shows that the JP-8 consumption figures will go on to follow the recent trend via Holt's Linear Method. Also, the study shows that short-term predictions could be performed with more simple and easy-to-implement methods, versus complex ones. When we consider long-term 5-year forecasts, our multiple regression model outperforms ANN modeling within the specified forecast accuracy measures. Our results indicate that the USAF's JP-8 cost for each of the next 5 years will be somewhere between 6.3 and 7.5 billion dollars, via a multiple regression model.


We present a series of parameterizable modifications to heuristic evaluation of actions in the A* algorithm, designed to create more human-like and dexterity-robust paths through games in the 2 dimensional platformer style. We attempt to create paths at various levels of player skill by imposing constraints onto the timing and duration of actions designed to mimic human reaction times and ability. We show that these action value modifications result in the A* search algorithm producing smoother paths, taking safer routes to avoid danger, and requiring fewer actions to be performed in a given amount of game time.


Objective To evaluate the distribution of HPV-6,11,16,18 virus-like particle(VLP)antibodies in Chinese women population in rural area and provide data for implementation of the prophylactic HPV vaccines in China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to interview 884 women aged 19-54 living in Shanxi,China.Questionnaire data,including demography,disease history and menstrual history were collected between 2006 and 2007.HPV-6,11,16,18 antibodies in venous blood were detected by Merck Research Laboratory using fluorescence method.Results Positive rate of HPV-6,11,16,18 VLP antibodies among women in Xiangyuan,Shanxi were 7.35%,2.26%,6.90%,1.58%,respectively.Positive rate of any type of HPV-6,11,16,18 VLP antibodies was 14.93%.HPV-16 VLP antibodies of women with normal,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia( CIN)1 and GIN2+ lesions were 5.36%,14.63%,50.00%,respectively,which was statistical significance using Cochran-Armitage tendency test (P<0.0001).The seroprevalences of HPV-6/11,HPV-16/18 were much higher in women who had 2 or more lifetime sex partners than those women who had 1 lifetime sex partner(P<0.05).HPV-6/11 and 16/18 VLP antibodies were not statistically associated with age at first sexual intercourse,smoking status,education and condom using status.Conclusion HPV6 and HPV-16 were the most two popular HPV types in the whole population,while HPV-16 was the most common type in CIN2+ population.HPV-16 seroprevalence increased with severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Key words:
Human papillomavirus antibody; Serological epidemiology; Fluorescence detection


Although a ductile failure mode can be developed in squat reinforced masonry walls by adopting the capacity design principle, the ensuing ductility capacity of these members can be rather limited due to the presence of relatively high shear force. This paper presents the results of a study aimed at enhancing the ductility capacity of reinforced concrete masonry wall-piers by incorporating vertical separation joints into the center region of the piers. Tests indicated that the increase in ductility capacity of slitted masonry wall-pier is modest when compared to the slitted infill panels used for stiffening of steel frames in Japan.


The authors have investigated the cardiovascular dynamics during physiological states such as sleep and wakefulness. Its time-dependent properties during transient states are modeled as time-varying multivariate autoregressive processes. The trajectory of multivariate dynamics are described in terms of Kullback-Leibler Divergence. The cardiovascular dynamics during the state transition from wakefulness to slow wave sleep (SWS) and from rapid eye movement sleep to SWS are tracked as their trajectories in the metric system space, which show the geometrical structure peculiar to the respective state transition.


The result of the Brexit referendum sends shockwaves through the political fabric of the UK, Europe and beyond. It is the latest instance in a series of anti-systemic shocks to hit the EU, but will almost certainly not be the last, as discontent with the status quo and a disconnected elite continues unabated across the Continent (and is replicated across the Atlantic), and the European Union provides a convenient target for voters to express their anger and resentment.