Objective : To assess foot posture, foot function and correlate it with balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Method : The presence of neuropathy was evaluated using a clinical scale. Foot posture was evaluated using foot posture index. Foot function was evaluated using foot function index. Balance was evaluated using Tinetti's Balance Scale (POMA) and Bergs Balance Scale (BBS). Results : There is significant correlation of FFI and POMA with BBS with r value of 0.7028 and p value of 0.0008. There is a significant correlation of FFI, POMA and BBS with r value of -0.4491, - 0.4547 and -0.5892 and p value of 0.0188, 0.0172 and 0.0012.there is a significant correlation of duration of diabetes with POMA, BBS with r value of -0.3394 and -0.3504 and p value of 0.0159 and 0.0126. There is a significant correlation of severity of neuropathy with POMA and BBS with r value of - 0.2901 and -0.3165 and p value of 0.0410 and 0.0251. Conclusion: In this study thus there was a positive correlation of pronated foot with balance, duration of diabetes with balance and severity of neuropathy with balance.


Within the framework of the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model, the emission of pion in heavy-ion collisions in the region 1 A GeV as a probe of nuclear symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities is investigated systematically, in which the pion is considered to be mainly produced by the decay of resonances Δ(1232) and N*(1440). The π-/π+ yields are calculated for selected Skyrme parameters SkP, SLy6, Ska and SIII, and also for the cases of different stiffness of symmetry energy with the parameter SLy6. Preliminary results compared with the measured data by the FOPI collaboration favor a hard symmetry energy of the potential term proportional to (ρ/ρ0)γs with γs = 2.


Although Tibetan rainmaking rituals speak of important aspects of both history and religion, scholars thus far have paid only biased attention to the rituals and performative aspects rather than the abundant textual materials available. To address that issue, this article analyzes a single textual manual on Tibetan rainmaking rituals to learn the significance of rainmaking in late Imperial Chinese history. The article begins with a historical overview of the importance of Tibetan rainmaking activities for the polities of China proper and clearly demonstrates the potential for studying these ritual activities using textual analysis. Then it focuses on one Tibetan rainmaking manual from the 18th century and its author, Sumpa Khenpo, to illustrate that potential. In addition to the author's autobiographical accounts of the prominence of weather rituals in the Inner Asian territory of Qing China, a detailed outline of Sumpa Khenpo's rainmaking manual indicates that the developmental aspects of popular weather rituals closely agreed with the successful dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism in regions where Tibetan Buddhist clerics were active. As an indicator of late Imperial Chinese history, this function of Tibetan rainmaking rituals is a good barometer of the successful operation of a cosmopolitan empire, a facilitator of which was Tibetan Buddhism, in the 18th century during the High Qing era.


The reinforcement of a soft matrix material with hard particles is an established strategy to develop materials with tailored properties. In this regard, using metallic glasses with high crystallization temperatures, e.g. in the system NiNbX (X = Sn, Ta), for composites produced by liquid metal infiltration is a novel approach. The current work deals with the characterization of such metallic glass particle-reinforced AlSi10Mg-based metal matrix composites manufactured by gas pressure infiltration. Processing–structure–property relations were investigated with a special focus on the influence of an additional heat treatment on the metal matrix composite's properties. Metallographic methods were used to investigate infiltration quality, particle distribution within the composite and the composite's microstructure. Moreover, X-ray diffraction measurements, elastic analysis using ultrasonic spectroscopy and compression tests were performed to analyze its properties. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that there is no crystallization of the glass during processing. Metallographic investigations show that the flakes are arranged in a layered structure within the composite. The embedding of metallic glass flakes leads to an increase in Young's modulus and compressive strength in comparison to the unreinforced material. The composite's strength can be further increased by a heat treatment.


After the adoption of the European reform package in June 2003 the liberalisation of conduction–bound energy markets has entered a new stage. The modified European Community Law requires Germany to change from a negotiated to an at least partly regulated third-party-access with great impact on the German public economic and competition law. In particular there has to be a permissible and reasonable balance between self-regulation and a regulative market organisation. In the paper some new options for a cooperative access regulation are discussed. A second aspect arises with the completely new regulation on cross-border exchanges in electricity. It has been disregarded in the jurisprudential discussion so far and may be described as a European regulatory network (Regulierungsverbund) consisting of the European Commission and the national regulatory authorities. Formal instruments of this regulatory network are duties of information and consultation, bodies for the formation of common guidelines with binding character for the national regulatory authorities, duties of notification relating to certain decisions of national regulatory authorities and original administrative jurisdiction of the Commission. These formal institutions are complemented by informal coordination mechanisms integrating industry representatives. 130) Näheres bei Schneider, in: Schneider/Theobald (Fußn. 22), § 2 Rz. 95.


This research explores how companies in Indonesia address on corporate sustainability reporting issue. In details, this research also attempts to explore some questions; how companies incorporate issues of stakeholder, social, economic, environment and generic in their CSR reports, and what the relative status of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is. Secondary data was collected through an examination of companies' annual reports, sustainability reports, and CSR reports among Indonesian companies based on Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Award 2010. In order to answer the research questions, a combination of some frameworks, namely a framework to analyze and compare codes of conduct by Ans Kolk and Rob van Tulder (2001), a framework to analyze the implementation likelihood of sustainability report by Ans Kolk (2004), and GRI reporting guidelines (2006) were used to score and analyze of CSR reporting of those companies. This findings show that ten companies in ISRA 2010 report stakeholder issues and their achievements in conducting stakeho lder engagement. Moreover, they take into account their stakeholders in their CSR reports. Furthermore, in terms of CSR reporting guidelines, CSR reporting standards are needed as guidelines for companies to produce CSR reporting. In some extent CSR reporting standards allow authorities to transparently and effectively measure and assess of CSR activities. Key words: Corporate sustainability reporting, stakeholders, CSR, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).


Significance Bacteria possess a sophisticated arsenal of defense mechanisms that allow them to survive in adverse conditions. Adaptation to acid stress and hypoxia is crucial for the enterobacterial transmission in the gastrointestinal tract of their human host. When subjected to low pH, Escherichia coli and many other enterobacteria activate a proton-consuming resistance system based on the acid stress-inducible lysine decarboxylase LdcI. Here we develop generally applicable tools to uncover the spatial localization of LdcI inside the cell by superresolution fluorescence microscopy and investigate the in vitro supramolecular organization of this enzyme by cryo-EM. We build on these results to propose a mechanistic model for LdcI function and offer tools for further in vivo investigations. Pathogenic and commensal bacteria often have to resist the harsh acidity of the host stomach. The inducible lysine decarboxylase LdcI buffers the cytosol and the local extracellular environment to ensure enterobacterial survival at low pH. Here, we investigate the acid stress-response regulation of Escherichia coli LdcI by combining biochemical and biophysical characterization with negative stain and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and wide-field and superresolution fluorescence imaging. Due to deleterious effects of fluorescent protein fusions on native LdcI decamers, we opt for three-dimensional localization of nanobody-labeled endogenous wild-type LdcI in acid-stressed E. coli cells and show that it organizes into distinct patches at the cell periphery. Consistent with recent hypotheses that in vivo clustering of metabolic enzymes often reflects their polymerization as a means of stimulus-induced regulation, we show that LdcI assembles into filaments in vitro at physiologically relevant low pH. We solve the structures of these filaments and of the LdcI decamer formed at neutral pH by cryo-EM and reveal the molecular determinants of LdcI polymerization, confirmed by mutational analysis. Finally, we propose a model for LdcI function inside the enterobacterial cell, providing a structural and mechanistic basis for further investigation of the role of its supramolecular organization in the acid stress response.


Sang Hyun Lee and many other Asian American scholars have found that the Abrahamic pilgrimage story has been an ontological-narrative backbone of Asian American faith constructs. This article further explores their previous research by suggesting three distinct theological narrative styles of the given Abrahamic pilgrimage saga: the allegorical-typological narrative style, the illustrative narrative style, and the eschatological-symbolic narrative style. However, though distinct, the styles are closely associated with one another. I will show sermon excerpts by Asian American preachers that are good examples of the theological-spiritual embodiment of the three styles.


Understanding the source of spatial variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks will contribute to improved sampling strategies to detect changes in stocks. Most of the variability in SOC stocks in cores collected from small (2 × 3 m) level plots on seven soils with similar cropping histories was related to variation in A horizon depth. Increased variability in horizon depth within plots coincided with the development of zones where the A horizon penetrated to greater depths. Consequently, accurate estimates of SOC stocks cannot be made from shallow measurements at the soil surface (e.g., 10 cm) and minimizing the spatial variability in locations of repeated sampling is necessary when characterizing changes in SOC stocks.Key words: Carbon sequestration, soil organic carbon, spatial variability, soil profile, A horizon


Memory T cells (Tm) represent a major barrier for immunosuppression and tolerance induction after solid organ transplantation. Taking into consideration the critical role of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in the generation and maintenance of Tm, we developed a new concept to deplete alloreactive Tm by targeting Bcl‐2 proteins. The small‐molecule Bcl‐2/Bcl‐XL inhibitor ABT‐737 efficiently induced apoptosis in alloreactive Tm in vitro and in vivo and prolonged skin graft survival in sensitized recipients. A short course of ABT‐737 induction therapy prevented Tm‐mediated resistance in a donor‐specific transfusion model and allowed mixed chimerism induction across Tm barriers. Since Bcl‐2 inhibitors yielded encouraging safety results in cancer trials, this novel approach might represent a substantial advance to prevent allograft rejection and induce tolerance in sensitized recipients.


In the past, various techniques were used serial communication. Most commonly used techniques included wired networks for multiple transmissions and reception. The main disadvantage of these methods is that they were complicated and not portable. Hence, to get better accuracy, reliability, we used wireless RF module which could ease the process of multiple transmission. The developed system consists of two RF modules (minimum), a TTL converter, two Arduino Uno boards (minimum), two LCD displays (minimum) and a personal computer or laptop. The three RF modules used in this project are all CC2500. Initially, the CCs were configures using Flash Magic software in such a way that one of them acted as transmitter and the other two act as receivers. But for the purpose of cost cutting, the transmitting CC was replaced with a TTL converter which served the same purpose as of a transmitting CC. The PC is then used to give commands or transmit message signals. Before that, we interface this set up with the two Arduino boards at the receiving end along with two LCD displays. The transmitted data is received by the two CCs and then it goes to the Arduino, which serves as an intermediate between the PC and the CC. And finally, the sent signal is received at the VDU (visual display unit) and is flashed on the screens of the LCD.


Main objective of this study was to examine central auditory functions in adult choir singers and to reveal that these subjects do not have any problems with sound pitch, loudness and duration processing. Study includes 38 particiants, divided in 2 groups – examination (23) and control (15). Examination group consisted of ama-teur mixed choir singers and the control group included subjects who never sung a choir. Following research tools were used in the study: a questionnaire, filled in by all participants of the study before the other tests, pure-tone audiometry - to assess sensitivity of hearing, central auditory functions tests DLI, DLF, DLD, that determine discrimination thresholds of volume, pitch and duration of sounds. Research confirmed that singing favourably affects central auditory functions. The examination group had better results of central auditory functions examination than control group. It means that choir singers are able to determine small differences between sounds. Especially significant differences between these two groups occur in cases of pitch discrimination.

https://www.nowaaudiofonologia.pl/pdf-130223-57198?filename=Funkcje sluchowe u osob.pdf


The development of personal robots dedicated to service tasks, such as the assistance to the disabled and the elderly at home and/or in residential institutions, is certainly one of the most attractive challenges currently being faced by the robotics community world-wide. This paper aims at providing a specific contribution to one of the most interesting technical problems related to the development of such systems, i.e. high-level control and supervision during task execution, and describes an innovative approach for a semi-autonomous personal robot for household applications, based on the concepts of 'levels of autonomy' and 'system distribution'. It also describes the implementation of such an approach for the supervisor of the MOVAID robotic system, for residential care of disabled and elderly people. In the paper, the proposed approach is presented. Its current implementation for the MOVAID prototype, based on an object-oriented behavioural scheme, is also illustrated with preliminary indications on the experimental results and possible future developments.


The High Seas Alliance has commissioned the following brief to assist delegates discuss traceability options. The views expressed are those of the authors.


The aim of this article is to describe the main results of research on social representations of climate change in a sample of 105 students from the National Pedagogical University, Mexico. The research corresponds to an exploratory study in which the procedural approach of social representation; the methodological perspective, privileged the use of qualitative techniques, through many instruments: associative letters, based on the free association of words from an inductor term, the subjects express the words freely. A questionnaire with open and closed questions and qualitative interviews, based on the presentation of images related to climate change. The results show that college students have social representations of climate change with hegemonic content, emancipated and controversial. Hegemonic relate mainly to the effects and with the educational alternatives; content emancipated incorporate issues related causes; and controversial contain with emotional issues related to this phenomenon.


Firstly, we will study how artistic practices impact on the signifi cation process of headline-making diseases and on the visibilisation of more peripheral diseases, encouraging their increased presence and inclusion in our public spaces. We will then, as part of the results obtained, provide a systemised account of the artistic strategies developed in the western world in this respect from the second half of the 20th century.


Satsang meaning "gathering of truth" refers to a place where Hindu or Sikh bhaktas regularly meet and practice their function. Utilizing this satsang culture, Yeshu bhaktas, who give their devotion to Jesus and follow him, are forming their community. Deuerkson has analyzed the ecclesial identity of some Yeshu satsangs in North India, that is, bhakti devotion to Jesus, focus on God's blessing and the Holy Spirit's work(miracles), the discernment of evil, and being a witness. Then he critically correlates the ecclesial identity of the disciples' community in Acts to Yeshu satsangs. Instead and more critically, I re-evaluate the ecclesial identity of Yeshu satsangs from the "in Christ" identity of the Apostle Paul, who almost wholly embodied the ecclesial identity.


Abstract Early life feeding can affect children's development and survival. Adherence to breastfeeding practices and regular monitoring is essential. This study aims to conduct an integrative review of longitudinal studies on the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 30 days of life. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed and LILACS databases. The combination of descriptors used was: "prospective study" and "breast feeding." The search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2020 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. We selected 17 original studies. Despite their methodological differences regarding sample size and type, follow-up period, and EBF definition and measurement method, results indicated a high rate of breastfeeding initiation (≥86%) and a wide variation in the occurrence of EBF at 30 days of life (4.5% - 86%) with substantial decline (<60%) in 63% of the investigated areas. These results are far from complying with the recommendation from the World Health Organization of maintaining EBF up to the sixth month of a child's life and point to the need for further investigations with a standardized methodology to allow for comparisons within and between countries, aiming at planning actions which support breastfeeding.


Piet J.A.M. Kerkhof and Marcel A.M. Geboers (Transport Phenomena Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands, email: email@example.com) © 2004 Piet J.A.M. Kerkhof & Marcel A.M. Geboers, Prepared for Presentation at AIChE Annual Meeting, November 8, 2004, Session [198] – Fundamental Research in Transport Processes. Unpublished. AIChE Shall Not Be Responsible For Statements or Opinions Contained in Papers or Printed in its Publications.


Feature selection is used in choosing relevant features that contribute to the predictive power of a machine learning model. Irrelevant features tend to decrease model accuracy and cause overfitting. Feature selection is the solution to dimensionality problems, especially that data nowadays are unstructured. There are three types of feature selection techniques; filter, wrapper and embedded. Filter methods uses statistical scoring and ranks features by the score. Wrapper methods uses a model to select features and evaluates according to model accuracy. Embedded methods combine the properties of both previous algorithms and selects features in the process of training. This study is focused on the filter types, specifically Chi-square, Information Gain and Relief. On the other hand, multiclass classification is a task that involves classifying instances into three or more classes. This paper aims to compare the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) multiclass classifier when entered with feature subsets generated from three different filter feature selection methods. The dataset is a clothing review text data taken from Kaggle. It contains multiple classes with 23486 review instances. Since filter selection methods utilize ranking, CHI, IG, and Relief were able to select and rank almost the same number of features. When the data was fed into SVM, CHI garnered 66.84% accuracy, IG got 32.90% accuracy while Relief obtained 29.69% accuracy. Experiments on SVM showed that among the generated data subset from the three filter selection methods, the subset using CHI yielded higher accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score compared to others.


All athletes must train hard in order to improve their performance. Some athletes fail to recover from training, become progressively fatigued, and suffer from prolonged underperformance. They may also suffer from frequent minor infections (particularly respiratory infections). This has been called the over training syndrome, burnout, staleness, or sports fatigue syndrome, but in the absence of any medical cause is more accurately called the Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome (UPS). The condition is normally secondary to the stress of training, but the exact etiology and pathophysiology is not known, and many factors other than overtraining may lead to failure to recover from training or competition. Changes in psychological, hormonal, and immune parameters have been shown in these underperforming athletes, some of which may be useful as markers when used on an individual basis. However, the importance of any of these changes, many of which are seen in athletes without UPS when training very hard, is not fully understood.


The application of network in teaching which largely changes the teachers' research model from traditional research to network.Diffrent platforms influence quality of network research.This paper analyzes the planform blog and google group in three aspects from cooperati0n learning,technology of platform,culture of teaching and research which also poses questions from the applicaton of platform.and futher gives some suggestions to people who use the platform.It focuses on deeping learning based on Quantitative research.


In 2016, a team of earth scientists directly engaged a team of computer scientists to identify cyberinfrastructure (CI) approaches that would speed up an earth science workflow. This paper describes the evolution of that workflow as the two teams bridged CI and an image segmentation algorithm to do large scale earth science research. The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and The Cognitive Hardware and Software Ecosystem Community Infrastructure (CHASE-CI) resources were used to significantly decreased the earth science workflow's wall-clock time from 19.5 days to 53 minutes. The improvement in wall-clock time comes from the use of network appliances, improved image segmentation, deployment of a containerized workflow, and the increase in CI experience and training for the earth scientists. This paper presents a description of the evolving innovations used to improve the workflow, bottlenecks identified within each workflow version, and improvements made within each version of the workflow, over a three-year time period.


Introduction: Head and neck tumors are in the 9º place among the most frequent cancers in the world, being the incidence of 700,000 new cases per year. To suspect and to diagnose early the cancer implies to know well the subject. The questionnaire is a good instrument for measuring knowledge. Objective: To provide an item bank, calibrated by the Item Response Theory (IRT), to evaluate the "knowledge about head and neck cancer", in any respondent, in order to benefit the studies on this construct, in the area of health education. Methods: To evaluate the "knowledge about head and neck cancer", we started with a scale already calibrated by the IRT, with 24 items for schoolchildren (n = 2,006). A further 29 items of equal difficulty were created (n = 994 schoolchildren). Then, 60 new items, of equal construct and greater difficulty (n = 883 dentistry professionals) were incorporated into this scale. Results: The analysis of 2,847 responses resulted in a bank with 113 items on head and neck cancer calibrated by IRT and arranged on a skill scale. Conclusion: From this collection of items, different questionnaires can be set up according to the skill level of the respondent. The results of the evaluations, in single or distinct moments, can be compared since the items are on the same scale of ability.


Let be a given infinite series with the sequence of partial sums {sn}. Then the sequence-to-sequence Hausdorff transformation of the sequence {sn} is given by


The inner surface of a tank 10 is formed through the welding together of a plurality of metal sheets 21, 23, 25. Before pressure resistance testing water is injected into the tank 10 for the purpose of testing the pressure resistance of the tank 10, a corrosion inhibitor 31 is applied to the welding parts 27 between the metal sheets 21, 23, 25. The welding-part 27 total bottom-part area A1 where the corrosion inhibitor 31 is applied to the bottom of the tank 10 is made to be wider than the welding-part total non-bottom-part area A2 where the corrosion inhibitor 31 is applied to parts of the tank 10 inner surface other than the bottom of the tank 10.


A significant share of the total power loss in a modern automotive engine is due to the friction interaction between the piston ring pack and the cylinder wall. This paper presents the results of the simulations on the friction interaction top ring/cylinder wall in a SI engine taking into account the mixed lubrication (ML) regime and considering different engine operating conditions, lubricant viscosity, surface roughness. An Artificial Neural Network model and a procedure are presented in order to predict and optimise the friction losses. The ANN model allows for identifying the factors with the biggest influence on the friction loss evolution, while it can be used for finding the combinations of inputs factors leading to the lowest average friction coefficient value.


Shared Services is a kind of new management practice for multinational corporations. It can significantly reduce the cost of day-to-day operations, improve efficiency, and implement the business strategies. So shared services is both theoretical and practical. This paper first gives an overview on shared services theory and applications, and then analyzes the best practice case in ZTE Corporation. In the analysis, a financial shared services center methodology is summarized and created from ZTE management innovation road map. Based on the research, domestic and foreign enterprises competitive environments are compared and a services model is presented which is suitable for Chinese enterprises. Some problems are also pointed out which can improve the financial management and guarantee effective implementations.


With the engineering practice on the existing concrete facing of Jiangpu Rd (the section of Provincial Highway 324 from Kunshan to Taichang), the additional asphalt facing is designed using deflection values for the design indices including the thickness design of the additional facing and treatment of the existing concrete slabs. The pavement has proved to be in good condition with few crackes since it was opened to traffic 2 years ago.


Prospects for the existence and detection of massive stable particles are considered. We briefly review some previously postulated massive stable candidates and analyze in some detail the possibility that particles containing the new h quark from E/sub 6/ be stable, while satisfying cosmological bounds. The experimental requirements for the detection of massive long-lived particles using a time of flight (TOF) system are examined in the context of a Snowmass 1986 ''realistic'' detector for the SSC.


Additional index words. metolachlor, adsorption, media, ornamental, Freundlich isotherms Abstract. Adsorption, mobility, and filtration ability of organic media toward metolachlor were evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments. Experimental variables included media type, metolachlor concentration, and equilibration time. Adsorption isotherms were determined by applying the log form of the Freundlich equation. Mobility was evaluated using glass columns filled with media, which were then surface spiked with metolachlor and then leached daily for 10 consecutive days. Peat, pine bark, combinations of these two media and a mixture of pine bark and sand adsorbed >90% of the 14 C metolachlor. Freundlich sorption coefficients were 10.9, 18.2, 13.4, 14.2, and 11.0 for pine bark, peat, 5 pine bark : 1 peat, 3 pine bark : 1 peat, and 5 pine bark : 1 sand, respectively. In a timed exposure experiment using bark, minimum metolachlor adsorption (57%) was at 90 seconds and maximum adsorption (82%) required at least 1440 minutes. In column leaching studies, data for all media indicate that metolachlor is relatively immobile through these substrates. An initial pulse of metolachlor ( 0.5 μg·liter -1 for each medium) in the metolachlor recovered. Filtration efficiency of commercially formulated metolachlor from water passed through different lengths of pine bark filled filters was 0%, 17%, 20%, 22%, 23%, and 29% for filters 4, 20, 12, 8, 16, and 24 cm in length, respectively. These results support the contention that such filtration would be effective provided the residence time of water within the filter was sufficient for adsorption of the contaminant by the media to occur. Nursery and landscape crops generally require frequent irriga- tion and pesticide application. Irrigation runoff from landscape plant production areas and landscape developments has been suggested as a source of pesticide contamination for local water supplies or surrounding bodies of water (Keese et al., 1992). Holding ponds can be used to reduce the amount of pesticide contaminated water from a container production area. However, where containment ponds are unavailable or not practical, other means of remediation of pesticide contaminated water may be required. Filtration of pesticide contaminated water using con- tainer production organic materials, such as pine bark, or peat, could be achieved using these materials as an adsorbate. Adsorption of oxadiazon and oryzalin in both organic media and a mineral soil was evaluated in previous research (Wehtje et al., 1993, 1994). Averaged across all media and a mineral soil, with herbicide concentrations that ranged from 0.1 to 100 mg·liter -1 (dry-weight basis), the proportion of oxadiazon and oryzalin adsorbed was 98% and 94%, respectively. Column leaching stud- ies revealed that mobility was likewise limited. Neither herbicide was detected in either the leachate or deeper than 3 cm below the surface. It has been concluded that the detection of either oxadiazon or oryzalin in runoff water results from the material not reaching the media due to method of application (Gilliam et al., 1992). The generally high adsorptivity of horticultural media to herbicides has been observed by others (Moles and Whitcomb, 1976; Wilson et al., 1994). Among the herbicides registered for use in nursery crop production, oryzalin and oxadiazon are not likely suspects for leaching. Neither material has been reported to be subject to leaching when used in field situations (Ahrens, 1994), and both are relatively insoluble (Camper et al., 1994). The water solubilities of oxadiazon and oryzalin are 0.1 and 2.6 mg·liter -1 , respectively


Purpose. The article is devoted to the topical in modern educational paradigmatic theme of parent-child relations. The author aims to identify the relationship between the characteristics of family education and the specifics of interpersonal interaction of preschool children with intellectual disabilities. Methods (Classification of B.G. Ananiev): psychodiagnostic (questionnaire, method of expert evaluations, projective techniques, conversation), drawings analysis, methods of processing experimental data (quantitative and qualitative analysis), methods of data interpretation (structural analysis). Results. The results of the study are that the author reveals a correlation between the features of the communication system of "parent-child" and the characteristics of interpersonal interaction with peers (the desire to interact with adults and peers, the position in the peer group, preference in the selection of partners in communication, the use of verbal and non-verbal means of communication). The author supposes that the identified relationships can be used to improve the efficiency of the program psycho activities aimed at the development of interpersonal interaction preschool children with mental disorders with their coevals. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the sphere of education.


To compare the cardiovascular (CV) safety of linagliptin with glimepiride in older and younger participants in the CAROLINA trial in both prespecified and post hoc analyses.


This article analyses the redistributive function of value added tax (VAT) in Lithuania. Firstly, the differences in savings and expenditure structures of richer and poorer households are evaluated. Also, patterns of expenditures subject to different VAT rates, by groups of goods and services, in households from different income deciles are analysed. This article evaluates the effect of VAT in general and different VAT rates on income distribution and income inequality in Lithuania. The conclusion is that VAT is a regressive tax and increases income inequality. However, lower VAT rates applied to the food products or heating, which forms a bigger share of expenditure of lower income households, can perform a social redistributive function. During economic crisis, because of the changes in VAT legislation, social justice has lowered and the tax burden has increased, especially for the households at the lower end of the income distribution.


This article examines the impact of strategic consumers on the efficiency and coordination of a supply chain. We consider a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a newsvendor retailer selling a seasonal product to strategic consumers, who may choose to wait for clearance sales to maximize their intertemporal utility. Under a prenegotiated supply contract, the retailer chooses retail price and ordering quantity simultaneously. After that, the strategic consumers, who may be heterogeneous in their patience levels, make purchasing decisions. We find that strategic consumer behavior can hurt the supply chain efficiency due to severe double marginalization, and that a simple buyback contract can coordinate the supply chain. Nevertheless, we show that the supply chain does become more difficult to coordinate when strategic consumers are present: the set of buyback contractual terms that coordinate the chain shrinks as consumers are more willing to wait, and the chain profit cannot be arbitrarily allocated between the firms. Contrary to popular intuition, this result implies that the retailer may enjoy some benefit from consumers' strategic waiting. In addition, we find that the retailer's gain is the highest when impatient and patient consumers are comparably mixed in the population.


Nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetic agents have been studied by our group for several years. One of these, Eunale (2-M-4-A or G 29505) has been reported.l Since 1957, derivatives of this substance have been studied by Dr. Irikura, head of the research division of Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company. The thirtyfourth of this group, Propinals (E-34 or 2-M-4-P), is the subject of this report (fig. 1).


The invention relates to a power supply with backup and monitoring functions. The power supply comprises an input power supply, two or more power supply modules, an acquisition chip, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) with an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) function, and a storage battery, wherein the CPU is connected with the acquisition chip; the acquisition chip is connected with the input power supply and the power supply modules respectively and used for monitoring the voltage and current of the input power supply and the voltage of the power supply modules in real time, sending acquired data to the CPU and displaying the data; only when the CPU monitors that all the power supply modules and the input power supply have faults, the storage battery starts to supply power. Compared with the prior art, the extra storage battery is adopted for supplying power when all online power supplies have faults, so that stable working of electric equipment is guaranteed.


Abstract The voltage gradients in a trawl fitted with electrode arrays were determined and the catching efficiencies of an electrical trawl with power on and with power off were compared to a standard trawl without electrode arrays. The voltage gradients, as measured at selected areas between the electrode arrays, showed the electrical field to be heterogeneous: 21.1 volts within 38.1 cm of the cathode array to 1.0 volts midway to 16.9 volts within 38.1 cm of anode array. The catch ratios of the three trawls were influenced by the electrical trawl's rigging—electrode elements spaced 0.6 m apart and by the electrical field. The standard trawl's catch rate in kg was significantly greater than the electrical trawl's catch rate with power on, and the electrical trawl's catch rate with power on was significantly greater than the catch rate with power off. Carp and alewives dominated all trawl catches. The species composition of the catches by the standard and of the electrical trawl with power on were essentia...


Cooperation between pickers occurs when many picking assignments are needed to fill large orders. This study discusses two strategies for use in zone picking systems with pick-to-light (PTL) technology: along-a-line collaboration, i.e., collaboration along a zone line, and across-a-line asynchronization, i.e., relaxation of synchronization across a conveyor line. Queueing models, Continuous-timed Markov chains (CTMC), and simulations were used to determine if the strategies could improve throughput and cycle time. In simulations with industry cases and data, the along-a-line collaboration showed a 26.7~53.2% reduction, the across-a-line asynchronization showed an 8.2~21.0% reduction, and combining the strategies showed a 50.9~66.3% (on average 57.4%) reduction in cycle times compared to regular zone pickings without collaboration. An analytical comparison confirmed that using either strategy, or combining them, for zone picking systems with PTL technology can improve throughput and reduce work-in-process, particularly for large orders.


Principles of molecular recognition, which include both intra- and inter-molecular noncovalent interactions, guide twoand three-dimensional organization of molecules which is critical for functioning and evolution of life. In this paper we review the importance of the noncovalent interactions in the genetic systems with an emphasis on the ionic interactions. We review the most recent work on the metal- RNA interactions, which shows how such interactions were intimately connected with the environment on the early Earth. We also bring up the proposals by others of the requirements for the extraterrestrial genetic systems which are not based on RNA or DNA. Such systems would utilize the available noncovalent interactions for their stabilization and molecular recognition in general in a manner which could be different than that on the Earth.


Earlier this year, the National Academy of Sciences released the latest version of Science, Evolution, and Creationism. This booklet is no doubt intended to inform the public and teachers of developments within biology. Like its earlier versions, however, it conflates the history of living organisms on Earth over the past 3.5 billion years with the advances of the last century made by experimental biologists. Experimental biology has dramatically increased our understanding of the intricate workings within living organisms, which accounts for their survival, showing how they maintain their coherent functioning despite the myriad assaults on them coming from their environments. These advances in knowledge are attributable to the development of new methodologies and instrumentations, unimaginable in the preceding centuries, applied to the investigation of living organisms. These advances are not due to studies of an organism's ancestors that are recovered from fossil deposits. Those rare individual organisms that have been preserved as fossils are impressions in stones that, even when examined with the expertise of paleontologists, cannot reveal the details that make the amazing living organisms function. To conflate contemporary scientific studies of existing organisms with those of the paleontologists serves mainly to misguide the public and teachers of the young. An examination of the papers in the Academy's premiere journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as many other journals, supports the crucial distinction I am making. Examining the major advances in biological knowledge, one fails to find any real connection between biological


A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been used for the novel simultaneous determination of cationic compounds of pharmaceutical interest and their aromatic organic acid counter-ions. This method can be used to replace two separate methods to determine the cationic component and the organic acid counter-ion. This capability results in both time and cost savings.

The CE method was used to determine the active and counter-ions of an excipient material, denatonium benzoate and a drug substance, salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate.

The CE method was shown to give good analytical performance in terms of linearity, precision (using internal standards), sensitivity and solution stability. The results obtained compared favourably with the theoretical content of the drug counter-ions. For example, 45·18% w/w (n = 6) hydroxynaphthoate was determined in the salmeterol drug substance which compares with the theoretical content of 45·20% w/w.


Organophosphate pesticides are used in large quantities. However, they exhibit toxic effects on non-target organisms. Dimethoate and its oxo-analog omethoate inhibit acetylcholinesterase and are toxic for mammals. Moreover, they show extreme toxicity for bees. Once in the environment, they undergo chemical transformations and decomposition. We show that dime-thoate and omethoate decompose rapidly in alkaline aqueous solutions (half-lives 5.7 and 0.89 days) but are highly stable in acidic solutions (half-lives 124 and 104 days). These differences are explained using quantum chemical calculations, indicating that a weaker P–S bond in omethoate is more susceptible to hydrolysis, particularly at a high pH. The toxicity of these pesticides solutions decreases over time, indicating that no or very little highly toxic omethoate is formed during hydrolysis. Presented data can be used to predict dimethoate and omethoate concentrations in contaminated water depending on pH. Presented results suggest that alkaline hydrolysis of organophosphates has an advantage over other techniques for their removal since there is no risk of omethoate accumulation and increased toxicity of contaminated water.


The method of performing the horizontal high-frequency headshake test with its interpretation and clinical significance is described. The videonystagmographic recordings of headshaking nystagmus using BalanceEye videonystagmography system are explained.


Slightly above-average activity has occurred so far during the 2007 hurricane season, primarily due to long-lived, intense Hurricane Dean. We expect above-average activity for the remainder of the season. We continue to predict that seasonal activity will be well above the long-term average.


To construct a new type of antitumor fusion protein vaccine containing two antigen epitopes(hVEGF121andβhCG),meanwhile to explore purified process of the fusion protein,VEGF and βhCG gene cloned by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were inserted into a pET-28a expression vector through the restriction enzymes Nco Ⅰ,EcoR Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ and then the recombinant vector was acquired after screening positive clones.After being expressed in recombinant strains induced by lactose,the fusion protein was purified through ultrasonic broken,ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation and ion exchange chromatography,and identified by Western blot.We successfully constructed the recombinant vector,pET-28a-hVEGF121-M2-X10-βhCG-CTP37.The longth of the recombination gene was 993 bp,encoding 331 amino acid residues.SDS-PAGE showed that the fusion protein expressed in recombinant strains achieved up to 35% of the total protein content.The fusion protein was purified at electrophoresis level.The recombination gene was cloned,identified successfully and the fusion protein,hVEGF121-M2-X10-βhCG-CTP37,was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).The purified fusion protein was achieved after utilizing several methods for purification.


Abstract The purpose of this research is to model the link between language learners' socioeconomic status (SES), their self-directed, technology-enhanced language learning, and their language achievement. The participants of this study are 382 university students taking part in a survey related to their perceptions of their self-directed, technology-enhanced language learning in addition to their experience of language learning at school and in private institutes. Parental income has been used as a proxy to the learners' SES. Their language outcome has been operationalised by their performance in the English section of the nation-wide entrance exam and their pre-university course. The results of path analysis revealed that EFL learners' SES is a significant predictor of their autonomous language learning with technology and their language achievement. Furthermore, students' out-of-class engagement with technology was positively associated with their performance in the English section of the nation-wide exam.


Sexual and vegetative reproduction of salal (Gaultheriashallon Pursh) was measured under forest canopies of different closure. Sexual reproduction occurred only at ≤33% closure; vegetative reproduction occurred under sparse and dense closure. Crown closure influenced sexual reproduction primarily through interception of radiation and associated reductions in salal vigour. Irradiance had a greater influence on the mode of reproduction than did shoot density, and allocation of total reproductive effort (sexual plus vegetative) was contrary to optimality models, but consistent with resource limitation. No shoot <5 years old flowered; shared costs of flowering indicated physiological integration among salal shoots. Vegetative reproduction was negatively associated with age (r2 = 0.95), and 85% of the space occupied after 9 years of growth was occupied during the first 3 years. Under canopy the spatial pattern of salal shoots was better adapted to maintain plant persistence than to colonize new areas. Implicat...


A which can reduce the electrical contact number, provides an actuation circuit device of the gas sensor array for detecting a gas. A has at least one signal line, the sensor array, particularly in the operation circuit device of the gas sensor array for detecting the gas, at least one signal line is branched into at least two parallel line branches , respectively at least two parallel line in a branch, and at least one sensor, and at least one diode coupled in series with each sensor is arranged. In this case, at least two diodes having a cut-off direction of the electrically opposite, the polarity of the potential applied to at least one signal line, at least a majority of the current flowing through the at least one signal line, the first if flowed parallel line in a branch, or flows through the second parallel line in a branch it is determined. .FIELD 1


The authors studied the cathodic polarization of tellurium in molten sodium polysulfide close to Na/sub 2/S/sub 3/ in its composition. They used a galvanostatic pulse technique where square current pulses of increasing amplitude were applied to the electrode at certain time intervals and the potential was recorded at the points where the current was turned off. The potentials were measured relative to a sodium reference electrode. Tellurium of TA-1 grade was used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted under argon at a temperature of 523/sup 0/K. All the observations reported indicate that sodium ions are involved in the alloy formation processes during cathodic polarization of tellurium in molten sodium polysulfide.


Results: We found evidence of the presence of the white-tooted woodrat in 69 sites. We located the species mainly in low terrain slopes with an altitude range of 1,701- 2,100 m. The results also indicate higher abundance in Xerosol soil associated with microphyllous desert scrub. The potential distribution area found was 60,766 km 2 (68.8 %), in which the distribution probability was low (27.3 %), medium (25.4 %), and high (16.1 %). The average nest density was 545 km 2 . The variables that best explained the model of potential distribution (AUC 0.920 ± 0.017) were: soil type, vegetation type, vegetation cover, slope, aspect, two bioclimatic variables of precipitation, and three bioclimatic variables of temperature. Discussion and conclusions: The distribution and abundance of small mammal populations often depend on interactions between environmental variables. In our study, the main habitat variables coincided with those found in other studies. The potential distribution was restricted to the Northern and central portions of the study area. Soil type, vegetation type and vegetation cover markedly influenced the potential habitat for the establishment of nests. Wright (1972) mentions that an increment of vegetation cover rises the density of rats, but only when the plants they eat are abundant, which in turn causes an increase in the number of nests. Nest density was low compared to other sites. The status of the population is worrisome; it is necessary to do more assessments on the species distribution and on its use as food source for the local people.


The present invention discloses an intermediate for synthesizing gestodene, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The intermediate has a chemical sructure general formula as follows: FORMULA as shown in the specification. A substituent group R in the general formula is selected from the following groups: FORMULA as shown in the specification, wherein R1 is C1-C3 straight-chain alkane;and R2 is C4-C6 straight-chain alkane . The intermediate is prepared by conducting selective protection reaction of 3-position carbonyl by diol on 13 beta-ethyl-15 alpha-acetoxyl-gonane-4-ene-3,17-diketone. The method for synthesizing the gestodene using the intermediate comprises the following reaction route: FORMULA as shown in specification. By virtue of the intermediate provided by the present invention, quantity of the gestodene is improved, production cost of the gestodene is reduced, the reaction conditions are mild, raw material selectivity is more and flexible, all of the raw material and agents are easily available, and large-scale production requirements are liable to satisfy.


This article explores two unconspicuous aspects of Su Dongpo's Ci (a kind of poem which is strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes). Dongpo's Ci, especially those nature poems, have deep cultural implications, expressing his love for the nature, his contemplation over life and his nostalgic feelings for wonderful old days. The three poems Su had developed from the serial poems in the short stories of the Tang Dynasty have been seldom known to the public. Anyhow the progress in creation and the creative form of these poems are entitled to be reviewed in a brand-new perspective.


The goal of this project was to investigate the limitations of current Business Intelligence System (BI System) which was needed to re-design its architecture and embed two new modules. These two m ...


This guide will assist you in locating legal research resources freely available to the public via the internet. This page provides links to sources of parliamentary and legislative sources, case law (judgements), legal journals and Law Reform bodies from Australian Jurisdictions


Significance An abnormal number of chromosomes or aneuploidy accounts for most spontaneous abortions, as missegregation of a single chromosome during development is often lethal. Only individuals with trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome, can live to adulthood but show cognitive disabilities, increased risk for leukemias, autoimmune disorders, and clinical symptoms associated with premature aging. The mechanisms by which aneuploidy affects cellular function to cause Down syndrome are not understood. Our studies revealed that aneuploidy causes several defects in cells from individuals with Down syndrome. These include increased gene and protein expression, lower viability, and increased dependency on serine to proliferate. Our studies establish a critical role of aneuploidy, independent of triplicated gene identity, in driving cellular defects associated with trisomy 21. An extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome, the most common genetic disease in humans. The mechanisms contributing to aneuploidy-related pathologies in this syndrome, independent of the identity of the triplicated genes, are not well defined. To characterize aneuploidy-driven phenotypes in trisomy 21 cells, we performed global transcriptome, proteome, and phenotypic analyses of primary human fibroblasts from individuals with Patau (trisomy 13), Edwards (trisomy 18), or Down syndromes. On average, mRNA and protein levels were increased by 1.5-fold in all trisomies, with a subset of proteins enriched for subunits of macromolecular complexes showing signs of posttranscriptional regulation. These results support the lack of evidence for widespread dosage compensation or dysregulation of chromosomal domains in human autosomes. Furthermore, we show that several aneuploidy-associated phenotypes are present in trisomy 21 cells, including lower viability and increased dependency on serine-driven lipid synthesis. Our studies establish a critical role of aneuploidy, independent of triplicated gene identity, in driving cellular defects associated with trisomy 21.


Learning to make optimal decisions is a common yet complicated task. While computer agents can learn to make decisions by running reinforcement learning (RL), it remains unclear how human beings learn. In this paper, we perform the first data-driven case study on taxi drivers to validate whether humans mimic RL to learn. We categorize drivers into three groups based on their performance trends and analyze the correlations between human drivers and agents trained using RL. We discover that drivers that become more efficient at earning over time exhibit similar learning patterns to those of agents, whereas drivers that become less efficient tend to do the opposite. Our study (1) provides evidence that some human drivers do adapt RL when learning, (2) enhances the deep understanding of taxi drivers' learning strategies, (3) offers a guideline for taxi drivers to improve their earnings, and (4) develops a generic analytical framework to study and validate human learning strategies.


The development of a high-accuracy low-speed reluctance synchronous motor is described. Low rotational speed, 60 rpm (revolutions per minute), is obtained directly from a high-frequency 1,800-cps (cycles per second) drive signal by the use of a Vernier drive technique. Of particular interest is the self-starting capability in a reluctance synchronous motor. High torque and great positional accuracy are obtained by unconventional design techniques. Possible applications include use as a high-torque stepping motor.


Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a collaborative conversation about change, which systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown to be an effective intervention for a range of behaviours, including offending. The following paper will provide: a description of what MI is; what we know about how it works; a discussion of MI training and implementation within organisations, and some challenges when engaging in MI within a correctional setting.


The authors analyse cultural exchanges between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan at the current stage. The paper is focused on defining the main types, specific features and factors of this cooperation. The authors also display the institutional structure of cooperation, as well as its dynamics and problems. The paper is based on the study of such primary sources as bilateral diplomatic documents, data from governmental and non-governmental organizations, field research, and Russian and Tajik media.


A means for protecting the scalp from discoloration by hair dyes is described. This is applied to the skin by a foam dispenser before the hair dye is applied to the hair.


Remote multi-user interaction in a collaborative environment is one of the hottest topics today in distributed computing, Web applications, and tele-learning. Their application area ranges from games to tele-laboratories, tele-medicine, network management, tele-commerce and others. While such environments, known as collaboratories, are currently available, many of these solutions are geared towards a specific application, do not employ a standard communication facility for distributed systems, and may lack scalability in that they are limited to only two collaborating identical applications at one time. The paper addresses these concerns by introducing a generic collaborative Orbix based distributed environment (CODE) for object oriented applications. The environment is flexible and allows for multiple remote users, employing different platforms, to work on the same application in a cooperative manner. In this type of setting, users engage in a process known as replication architecture (Java Collaborative Environment) where individual copies of the same application are run at different locations, forming a collaborative session. Within a session, any action applied to one application must also be applied to all other applications involved. CODE considers all these requirements, and in doing so, provides a flexible, robust and scalable cooperative environment that could be applied to any application.


IGBT devices are widely used in power devices such as photovoltaic inverters, wind power converters, flexible DC converter valves, and unified power flow controllers due to their advantages of easy drive control, fast switching speed and large capacity. The existing flexible DC converter valve, DC circuit breaker, unified power flow controller and other equipment voltage levels have reached 500kV, usually requires a large number of power electronic devices or series stacking of half-bridge components, which has met the needs of high voltage applications, so IGBT The series technology is still of great research significance for improving the compactness of the device and further improving the voltage level of the equipment. Based on the IGBT gate active voltage control method, this paper proposes a reference voltage optimization method, which can further reduce the IGBT switching loss and improve the voltage balance, and improve the applicability of the method. Finally, the correctness of the method is verified by IGBT series experiment.


In this work, hybrid nanocone forests (HNFs) with high absorption in full-solar-spectrum are fabricated based on a plasma repolymerization technique. The HNFs combine light trapping effect of the nanocone forests with surface plasmon resonance effect of the metallic nanoparticles, thus can achieve an optimized absorption larger than 80% in the full-solar spectrum (i.e. 200-2500nm). Besides, with the hybrid nanostructures, the absorption decrease around the Si bandgap width can be narrowed greatly, while the normalized utilization efficiency of solar radiation can be increased. Therefore, usage of the HNFs as a texture structure in solar cells to obtain higher conversion efficiencies is foreseeable.


We present a data-aided multi-symbol phase estimation scheme to improve the receiver sensitivity of direct-detection DQPSK to approach that of coherent-detection QPSK in optically pre-amplified receivers. Performance-enhancement of >2 dB is obtained in a nonlinear-regime.


Clinical work as a psychoanalyst working with adults and children directly informed Fonagy's concern with mentalizing, which grew out of technical innovations in 'developmental help' offered at the Anna Freud Centre. In turn, the theory developed by Fonagy and colleagues fed into the emergence of mentalization-based therapy (MBT) as a treatment modality. Initially, in the 1990s, the target of this intervention was patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, MBT has subsequently been used with patients facing a variety of mental health symptoms, including common symptoms like anxiety and depression. This chapter will describe the development of MBT over time, including variants such as dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT). We will also consider some remaining questions about MBT, including the potential for MBT to harm some groups of patients.


The paper analyzes the interplay of product market competition and governance on CEO compensation in Italian listed firms from 2000 to 2011 and tests the impact of the 2007-08 financial crisis on pay-performance sensitivity. We argue that important differences both in the level of compensation and in its sensitivity to firm performance depend on two conditioning factors: family ownership and source of the competitive pressure. A novel aspect of our paper is that we rely on two definitions of competition: the intensity of import penetration, which accounts for price competition, and the intensity of R&D and advertising expenditures, which captures the oligopolistic nature of competition when products are vertically differentiated. Overall, the compensation of Italian CEOs is positively related to firm performance. Moreover, consistent with our predictions, sensitivity is higher in competitive sectors and the difference between family and non-family CEOs disappear when competition is tough. Family CEOs are significantly less paid than non-family CEOs and their pay is significantly related to firm performance. However, behind this sensitivity we find asymmetric responses to performance changes: while non-family CEOs pay mainly responds to negative changes, family CEOs pay is sensitive only to positive changes. Finally, we find that the 2007 financial crisis reduces the difference between family and non-family CEO by decreasing the level of compensation of non-family CEOs and increasing its responsiveness to performance. Altogether, our results provide supporting evidence to the idea that market competition eventually prevails over family ties even in a family-controlled governance system such as in Italy.


- -- We believe that our patient's meningitis was caused by late reactivation of BCG 12 years after BCG vaccination. BCG was isolated from the CSF, and identification of the organism was confirmed by analysis of the RFLP patterns of the mycobacte rial isolate. To our knowledge, our patient represents the first case ofBCG meningitis that occurred as an HIY-related compli cation ofBCG vaccination. The 12-year interval between vacci nation and the appearance of his symptoms suggests that he was probably not infected with HIY when he was vaccinated with BCG and that progressive immunodeficiency due to HIY infection and, possibly, transient additional immunosuppres sion as a result of chemotherapy led to late reactivation of the bacillus. BCG vaccination at birth or soon after is an important strat egy for the control of tuberculosis in developing countries. In some of these countries, the prevalence of HIY infection is high; thus it is surprising that the number of reported HIY related complications of BCG vaccination among infants and adults has been limited until now [I]. However, it is difficult to differentiate BCG from other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, particularly in areas where diagnostic facili ties are limited. In countries where the risk of tuberculosis is low, BCG should not be given to individuals who are infected with HIY or who are suspected of being infected with HIY, in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines [5]. We


This paper presents a high accuracy combination algorithm for solving the systems of nonlinear Volterra integral and integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels of the second kind. Two quadrature algorithms for solving the systems are discussed, which possess high accuracy order and the asymptotic expansion of the errors. By means of combination algorithm, we may obtain a numerical solution with higher accuracy order than the original two quadrature algorithms. Moreover an a posteriori error estimation for the algorithm is derived. Both of the theory and the numerical examples show that the algorithm is effective and saves storage capacity and computational cost.


As a special enterprise,there was signi?cant di?erence in bank business and social functions com-pared with other industries.In contrast to other enterprise accounting,there were prominent feature in bank accounting.The features of bank accounting can be described as "social","unique","policy","advanced" and "identity" between the business processes and accounting check.With the increasingly ?nancial competition,China's banks still have large room for developing accounting services.


BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated tumors poses a significant clinical challenge. Evidence supports immune dysfunction as a contributor to tumor pathogenesis and malignant transformation. Although the expression of key immunologic molecules and the degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have both shown prognostic significance and predicted immunotherapeutic response for other cancer types, these have not been fully characterized for NF1-related tumors. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the immunologic profiles of benign and malignant NF1-associated tumors. METH- ODS: We determined the gene expression of immunologic molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I (corresponding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I protein), the MHC I-associated molecule β -2-microglobulin (B2M), and the T cell inhibitory checkpoint ligands programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) by microarray analysis. We determined the protein expression of these immune-relevant markers on malignant NF1-associated tumor cell lines by flow cytometry. We determined HLA I, B2M, and PD-L1 expression on thirty-six NF1-associated tumor sam-ples by immunohistochemistry. We characterized tumoral CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD56+, and CD45RO+ lymphocytic infiltrates, correlating these with immunologic marker staining. We evaluated several tumors from one patient, observing trends over time. RESULTS: Though all tumor subtypes displayed heterogeneity, we observed similarly immunogenic profiles over- all for nodular and plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), contrasting with diffuse neurofibromas. Immunologic marker scoring predicted lymphocytic cellular infiltrates. Tumors from the same patient displayed increased immunogenicity over time, even with disease progression, but decreased immunogenicity at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: These studies strongly suggest that immuno- therapies may be efficacious not only for MPNST, but also for nodular and plexiform neurofibromas, offering novel therapeutic approaches to these difficult tumors. Whether tumoral immunologic profiling is predictive of immunotherapeutic response should be tested in clinical trials. BRAF V600E mutations are frequent in pediatric gliomas. We previously showed anti-tumor activity when using BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors against BRAF V600E glioma xenografts. While early clinical trial reports suggest an encouraging response rate, a significant fraction of tumors shows no therapy response. Using expression arrays on 30 pediatric gliomas, we noted that CD274 (PD-L1) expression is increased 3-fold and CD8a expression (found on cytolytic T cells and dendritic cells) is elevated in BRAF V600E mutant glio- mas compared to KIAA1549-BRAF fusion or BRAF wildtype tumors. We hypothesized that the presence of CD8+ cells may predict BRAF V600E mutant glioma sensitivity to PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. Immunocompetent, syngeneic FVB/N mice were intracranial-engrafted with luciferase-modified BRAF V600E mutant CDKN2A-deficient murine glioma cell line 2341 luc and treated with BRAF V600E and/or MEK inhibitors, either alone or in combi- nation, and either with or without PD-L1 (Clone 10F.9G2) and CTLA-4 (Clone 9D9) mAbs. While the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors significantly increased the median survival from 46 to 70 days ( P <0.05), additional treatment with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 mAbs further increased survival to a median of 150 days ( P <0.001). Notably, PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, alone, only marginally increased survival to 60.5 days (P<0.05). To understand the mechanism underlying the impact on survival, we exam-ined T cell and CD133+ cancer stem cell composition in treated tumors. We found that the survival benefit of quadruple treatment associates with an increased frequency of CD8+ cells and a decrease in T regulatory cells and cancer stem cells. In summary, we report that BRAF V600E mutant gliomas present increased CD8+ and PD-L1 levels at baseline and that when MAPK pathway and immune checkpoint blockades are combined, an immune pro-file indicative of productive tumor immunity is observed. These data provide rationale for further understanding this therapeutic approach, as well as the potential for clinical consider in the near future. BACKGROUND: Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) shed by tumor cells have recently been demonstrated to act a major conduits in cell-cell communication. However, knowledge of the effect of EVs on infiltrating lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment is still rudimental. In this study we investigated the potential role of EVs in immune escape in heterogeneous glioblastoma. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n=8) were stim-ulated by IL-2 or anti-CD3±anti-CD28 treatment. Magnetic cell sorting was used to isolate CD3+ cells. Activation levels of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ were monitored by flow cytometry of the T cell activation markers CD69 and CD25. Concurrent eFlour staining was used to measure proliferation. EVs derived from six different glioblastoma stem-like cell lines (GSCs) from either the mesenchymal (M) or proneural (P) subtype were used in this study. PDL1 expression was validated by immunoblotting and single EV analysis (SEA) and measured after IFNy stimulation. EV binding was visualized by PALM-tomato positive EVs. RESULTS: EVs were able to bind to the outer surface of CD3+ cells. In whole PBMCs EV treatment led to a significant reduction of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T-cell activation as well as proliferation and IL-4 expression, especially in the M subtype. These effects were also observed in CD3+ sorted cells, indicating a direct effect of EVs on T cells. In contrast, increased IL-10 expression in PBMCs after EV treatment was lost on CD3+ sorted T-cells indicating that EVs also influence other CD3- cells in the PBMC population. PDL1 expression on EVs was inducible by IFNy stimulation of GSCs. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the immunosuppressive potential of GSC-derived EVs. Furthermore we identified PDL1 expression in EVs as a dynamic regulator that may be partially responsible for these effects.


In the letter to the editor titled 'Serum cystatin-C levels correlate with endothelial dysfunction in patients with the metabolic syndrome' [2], Dr. Balta and co-workers propose that there may be an indirect relationship between serum cystatin C (s-CC) levels and CVD risk through renal dysfunction, and its effect on endothelial function and the general message made by Dr. Balta and his coworkers, as we understand it, is the consideration of additional cofactors (not addressed in our article) that might affect kidney function (e.g. as measured by s-CC) and thereby influence the prognostic value of serum cystatin C (s-CC) regarding future development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) found in our study [1]. In our response, we will try to address the authors' comments point by point.


Minimum cost spanning tree problems are well known problems in the Operations Research literature. Some agents, located at different geographical places, want a service provided by a common supplier. Agents will be served through costly connections. Some part of the literature has focused, mainly, in studying how to allocate the connection cost among the agents. We review the papers that have addressed the allocation problem using cooperative game theory.


The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for treating keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising as at least one lambda-carrageenan type polysaccharide and carbon dioxide as propellant, a method cosmetic treatment process embodying the well as a use of this composition for fixing said fibers.


Migrations have ever since been one of the most important phenomenon of human civilisation. It is therefore quite natural that social sciences have been interested in studying them since their origin. Until the end of the Second World War, migrants came from the poorest and less educated classes of their country of origin, and on these people all the first academic surveys were focused. The high qualified migrants were very rare, and often were or very relevant in historical or cultural terms and therefore considered as the topic for a biographical study of a singular case rather then for a wide scientific analysis. After the end of the War the way of production changed dramatically and started to include innovations stemming out of general scientific and technological development; the number and the economic importance of migrations of highly qualified people increased due also to the radical changes of the political and social international picture. These migrations started to get the interest of researchers starting from the first relevant case: the departure from Germany and Italy of scientists persecuted for political and racial reasons during the nazi and fascist dictatorships. It was very evident that this exodus had a strong effect on the economic and military potential both of origin and receiving countries (Huges, 1970). However the changes in socio-economic realities over the past 50 years have brought a strong evolution of the issues surrounding the migration of highly-qualified workers.


In this paper, we present a tag-based recommendation system which generates personalized recommendations for TV users. The proposed approach, based on collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, uses similarity calculation and vector production to process the users' data. In order to test the applicability of this method, we operated several experiments on random users' data, and the overall result reached the accuracy rate of 9.5%, the recall rate of 12.9%, and the coverage rate of 11.7%, the average popularity level of 1.92.


This method of displaying at least one window of a three-dimensional scene, the scene comprising at least a proper object to be selected by a user (6) is implemented by computer. The method comprises the steps of: - detecting a selection of at least one object by the user (6); - determining the position of a first predetermined point, fixed relative to the user (6) in a predetermined reference frame; - display in the scene, for each selected object, in a corresponding window, the window having an orientation defined by the direction of a vector normal to the window, said direction varying with the position of the first predetermined point according to at least a reference mark of the axis.


Influence among objects prevalently exists in graph structured data. However, most existing research efforts detect influence among objects from snapshots of homogeneous graphs. In this paper, we study a new problem of detecting time-evolving influence among objects from dynamic heterogeneous graphs. We propose a probabilistic graphical model, Time-evolving Influence Model (TIM), to capture the temporal dynamics of graphs, in which the time-evolving influence is hidden, and to leverage the information from heterogeneous graphs, with which we can improve the learned knowledge. To learn the graphical model, we design both non-parallel and parallel Gibbs sampling algorithms. We conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real data sets to show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the learning algorithms.


........................................................ i List of Annexes' and Appendices .................................. ii Chapter I: Introduction .......................................... 1 Literature Review ......................................... 4 Chapter II: Methodology .......................................... 26 Research Questions ........................................ 26 Variables Analyzed ........................................ 29 Measuring and Coding ...................................... 30 Conduct of Study .......................................... 32 Chapter III: Data Analysis ...................................... 34 Organizations Active on the Bannatyne/Fort Garry Campus.... 34 The University of Manitoba Security Service ............... 42 Networking with other Nodes ............................... 62 Weakness of Study/Future Research ......................... 80 Chapter IV: Conclusion .......................................... 83


Background. Women aged ≥65 years are screened routinely for osteoporosis in the developed world and identifying risk factors for osteoporosis should be highlighted in developing countries such as the People's Republic of China. In the present study, possible factors related to the occurrence of primary osteoporosis in aged Chinese women were explored. Methods. On appointed attendance at a menopausal outpatient clinic, generally healthy Chinese women aged ≥65 years were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Bone mineral density at the left femur region was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, by which subjects were categorized as osteoporotic (group A), osteopenic (group B) or normal (group C). If a prevalent spinal fracture was affirmed, patients in group B were reclassified into group A. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was applied to the calculate odds ratio (OR) of being in group A against the other two groups in terms of social and behavior factors (including education, past occupation, work quality, marriage status, income, self-rated health status, amount of daily physical activity, cigarette smoking, time watching television, and consumption of milk, soy products and tea). Results. Three hundred and twenty-four participants were eligible (77 in group A, 137 in group B, 110 in group C). There were significant differences in age, height, weight, menopausal age and years since menopause among groups. Compared with subjects with amount of daily physical activity <0.5 h in group A, the OR for women in group C was 0.357 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.144–0.889) for 0.5–1 h, 0.314 (95% CI 0.126–0.780) for 1–2 h and 0.278 (95% CI 0.080–0.968) for >2 h of daily physical activity. When adjusted for age and weight, however, the difference was not significant. Other factors did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. The development of osteoporosis in aged women was affected by both menopause and aging. The known related factors could help to identify susceptible subjects in aged Chinese women for either further assessment or treatment.


Researchers from Harvard Medical School in Boston Massachusetts challenged the conclusion of other researchers that whole milk consumption increases the risk of ovarian cancer. The Harvard researchers asserted that it is galactose and not animal fat that plays a leading role in ovarian cancer etiology. Their research showed a positive association between >1 serving/day of skim milk and ovarian cancer. On the other hand no dose response and no association existed between whole milk consumption and ovarian cancer. Moreover the association was higher in women who never used oral contraceptives (OCs) regardless of what type of milk they drank (whole milk: crude odds ratios 1.8 vs. 0.9 and skim milk: CORs 2.3 vs 2.1). The study in the earlier article did not contain measures of total animal fat or total lactose. It asserted that milk consumption accounts for about 80% of total lactose consumption yet the Harvard researchers found it only accounts for 55%. Their research found an increased risk of ovarian cancer in those women who consumed the most lactose (>18g/day; COR 1.4). This reached significance for those who had never used OCs (p=.01; COR 2.4). A 3rd factor not considered in the earlier articles researchers compared galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity and total lactose consumption. They found that the lactose/transferase ration was the leading variable for ovarian cancer (p=.007) more so than parity (p=.017) and animal fat consumption (p=.955). They proposed that lactose consumption a dietary factor and transferase activity a genetic factor mediate ovarian cancer risk. They concluded that the data in the other article did not address this hypothesis.


Abiotic stress interferes with plant-microbial interactions, but some microorganisms may buffer this interference. We investigated the interaction between temperature and bacterial wilt (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens - Cff) biocontrol and the ability of Bacillus subtilis strain ALB629 to colonize bean seedlings, to inhibit pathogen growth and to use different C and N sources. B. subtilis ALB629 rif , a mutant selected from the wild population of ALB629, was used to monitor plant colonization at 20°C and 30°C. ALB629 rif was detected only in the plant roots (10 3.22 CFU g -1 ) at the lower temperature but colonized the roots, stems, and leaves (10 5.85 , 10 4.48 , and 10 4.01 CFU g -1 ), respectively, at 30oC. The area under the disease progress curve was also different at the two tested temperatures (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the disease reduction using ALB629 rif - treated seeds was similar: 71% and 75%, respectively, at 20 and 30oC (p < 0.01). A higher efficiency of C and N source utilization was observed at the higher temperature, but the antagonist inhibited Cff growth equally at either temperature in vitro. Based on our results, temperature interferes with pathogen and antagonist plant colonization, but the overall suppression of bacterial wilt appears to be stabilized by ALB629.


The paper uses Lean Thinking frame work together with survey data derived on waste Data indicates that civil engineering operations in general and construction in particular are the most waste intensive operations comparing other sectors Lean principles were first applied to manufacturing sectors where direct waste generation by weight is the least Therefore objective of this paper is to answer the diversified problems related to different type of waste and impact on economy of the specific sector Original concept of such waste measured in tons may not cover the essence of waste in totality because it only describes visible waste During past studies researchers argued that anything more than minimum materials equipment manpower time required for the product or service would amount to waste Inclusion of vast scope of civil engineering operations in this exploratory review to banish waste may apparently appear odd However we researchers aim to examine the truth in the claim on lean thinking as the single most powerful tool available for creating value while eliminating waste in any organization in any industry and in any country


Cloud computing is the emerging interne based technology which emphasizes commercial computing. Cloud is a platform providing dynamic pool resources and virtualization. Based on a pay-as-you-go model, it enables hosting of pervasive applications from consumer, scientific, and business domains. To properly manage the resources of the service provider we require balancing the load of the jobs that are submitted to the service provider. Load balancing is required as we don't want one centralized server's performance to be degraded. A lot of algorithms have been proposed to do this task. In this paper we have analyzed of various policies utilized with different algorithm for load balancing using a tool called cloud analyst. Basically we have compared different variants of RR for load balancing.


The North American Journals of Prince Maximilian of Wied, Volume 2: April-September 1833, edited by STEPHEN S. WITTE and MARSHA V. GALLAGHER, translated by WILLIAM 1. ORR, PAUL SCHACH, and DIETER KARCH, foreword by J. BROOKS JOYNER, introduction by MARSHA V. GALLAGHER. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2010. xxxv + 571 pp., 231 figures, 1 illustration in addenda, 5 maps, 13 addenda, bibliography, index offlora and fauna, general index. $85.00 (cloth). Reviewed by Thomas D. Thiessen, Pleasant Dale, Nebraska The long-awaited second volume of Prince Alexander Philip Maximilian's journals, and the first volume to describe his extensive travels through the Plains via the Missouri River, has been published by the University of Oklahoma Press in cooperation with the Joslyn Art Museum of Omaha, Nebraska. Like the first volume, it will be an enduring work of presentation and editing which Plains researchers in many disciplines will find to be both fascinating and highly illuminating about the natural history and native inhabitants of the Missouri River region. The journals are planned to be published in three volumes, the first two of which are in print. They are faithfully based on three volumes in Maximilian's own handwriting, which are in the Maximilian-Bodmer Collection at the Joslyn Art Museum. These are not the actual daily notes made as the Prince traveled along the Missouri River, which are not known to exist, but consolidated copies of those notes made by Maximilian soon after his return to Germany, with some revision and editing by him in anticipation of the publication of a travel narrative entitled Reise in das lnnere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834 (Coblentz, 1839-1841; as well as a slightly later French edition). Most researchers in North America are familiar with the only English-language edition of the Reise that exists, edited by H. Evans Lloyd and published in London in 1843 (also republished in 1906 by Reuben Gold Thwaites). However, the Lloyd edition was a condensed version in one volume, from which important material was omitted, and it differed from the original journals in other respects. Maximilian's original handwritten German journals have been translated into English for this publication series. Like the first volume, the second volume has been masterfully edited by Stephen S. Witte and Marsha V. Gallagher. They have amplified, and sometimes corrected, Maximilian's text with 963 footnotes dealing with the Prince's observations on geography, geology, fauna, flora, people encountered, published sources used by the Prince, and native culture and language. In the form of separately-designated footnotes (identified by the precedant letter, "M"), they have also skillfully presented marginal notes and other notations made by Maximilian in the original journals, often with further editorial comment added for clarity. Rather than overwhelm the audience with huge amounts of supplemental information, they typically direct inquisitive readers to other published sources of further information on the many subjects of their footnotes. Unlike the Thwaites edition, which has been extensively used by Plains anthropologists, historians, and natural history researchers, but which lacks an index, the present journal volumes are extensively indexed, both as to scientific and common names of flora and fauna, as well as for personal and geographic names as well as many other topics, thus greatly facilitating their use. Chapters, as defined by Maximilian in the original handwrittenjournals, are continued throughout the three published volumes; hence, the second vol-


3D printing is becoming increasingly integrated across all disciplines affecting traditional manufacturing. Traditional subtractive and isomaterial processing techniques make it difficult to process and manufacture complex structures such as spatial surfaces and complex cavities. Traditional processing and manufacturing processes are complex. Cumbersome clamps are also a drawback of traditional machining. Compared to traditional processing and manufacturing, 3D printing has significant advantages in manufacturing processes and manufacturing complex structures. Based on this, this paper studies the application of visual sensor 3D printing technology in industrial design and further studies the innovative free design methods under the implementation of 3D printing to provide a design basis for solving industrial product processing troubles and complex structures. This paper first provides a theoretical analysis of the combination of 3D printing of vision sensors and innovative design of industrial products. Next, take two classic industrial parts, a mechanical hydraulic valve block, and a crankshaft, as an example, and adopt an innovative and free design method to get an optimized pipeline of hydraulic valve blocks. The crankshaft molding structure integrated with the structure of the lightweight block demonstrates the superiority of 3D printing technology over the innovative design and manufacture of industrial products. Experiments have proved that the molding direction 1 consumes the least time and consumables (5 h 3 min, 24.44 m), but the inner channel is a blind hole, and it is difficult to remove the support after processing. The molding direction 2 consumes a little more consumable but not too much, but the channel supports are all easy to remove, and molding direction 3 has no advantage in all aspects. Research on industrial design innovation strategy of vision sensor 3D printing technology not only leads to the realization of vision sensor 3D printing technology and its equipment. It also provides a specific reference for the green and intelligent development of the future high-end equipment manufacturing industry.


e15646Background: To demonstrate the degree of concordance between TNM staging used in the determination of the prognosis ofgastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(GEP-NET) patients and Ki-67 p...


Compared are the advantages and disadvantages of the main material identification technologies(i.e.,radio frequency technology,OCR technology and bar code technology). Elaborated are the R D of an antomatic steel pipe bar code spray and identification system. With IPC,and PLC controllers and the information-identifying sensor, the system is capable of bar code spraying and identification for steel pipes,being a reliable technological way to realize automatic acquisition, binding summarization and storage of massive data information,which can reduce the operator's workload and improve the operation accuracy. Application of the on line marking and automatic identification technology has solved the issue of weld pipe on line real-time tracking and process tracing.


This article is an attempt to unearth the prototypes of the Oedipus story. The author argues that the roots of the prototypes or basic forms (ur-form), which provide the foundation for the Oedipus myth, lie in the ancient sacrifice cult and myth about twins. The article describes a semantic similarity between the sacrifice cult and the riddle of the Sphinx, both based on the camouflaged motif of pregnancy, and between the myth about twins and the story of Oedipus, both pervaded by the motif of murder (infanticide and patricide). The author comes to the conclusion that Oedipus symbolically is a «split personality», dissociating into two virtual (imaginary) twins, which illuminates the deep, hidden connection between the story of Oedipus and the myth about twins.


In this paper, a new section interpolation algorithm of line in Computer Numeral Conitrol (CNC) system is derived and presented. This algorithm can deal with some steps those have¿ same behavior at one time by using graph characteristic of line. It avoids calculating bias of no use contrast with Bresenham algorithm. And it will reduce calculate times and improve working efficiency more notability through applying section interpolation algorithm¿s generalized periodicity. The idea of generalized periodicity is proposed also firstly in this paper and can be applied in other interpolation algorithm.


Abstract An application of the EPR method to investigation of the ferroelastic domain structure is presented. The relations between the symmetry elements of the high temperature and the ferroelastic phases have been described in the case of EPR of Cr3+ admixture ions in KSc(MoO4)2 and KH3 (SeO3)2.


We report findings from an online survey conducted between September and November 2020 in the Amajuba District of KwaZulu-Natal, reflecting experiences of the first COVID-19 wave. It investigated risk factors for severe COVID19, experience of COVID-19-related problems, causes of anxiety, and effects on psychological wellbeing. All Department of Health employees in Amajuba were invited to participate. Of 450 who responded, 53% were clinically practising nurses or nursing assistants, 12% operational managers or co-ordinators, 19% non-clinical support staff and 15% in other job categories;83% worked in primary care, 14% in hospitals and 3% in the district office. Personal experiences of COVID-19 were associated with worse mental health, measured with the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ12). The GHQ score was calculated from responses, on a Likert scale, to 12 questions about concentration, lost sleep, feeling useful, ability to make decisions, strain, difficulties, enjoyment, ability to face problems, losing confidence, feeling worthless, unhappiness and happiness. In a linear regression model, higher GHQ12 scores, indicating worse mental health, were statistically significant (p<0.05) and independently associated with reporting testing positive for COVID-19, having quarantined as a close contact of someone who tested positive, a relative or friend testing positive, a relative or friend dying due to COVID-19, and being a manager, but not with age or gender. Anxiety about COVID-19 was assessed using 15 statements we developed, informed by our work on health workers' concerns about COVID-19. This study highlights adverse effects of COVID-19 on health workers' wellbeing in a diverse, mostly primary care-based workforce. Worries and personal experiences of COVID-19 were common and associated with worse mental health.


Palabras Clave: Autopista Medellin-Bogota, Geotecnia, Deslizamiento de tierra, DEVIMED, Kilometro 6. ABSTRACT: In the kilometer 6 of the Medellin-Bogota Highway is present a problem of descent of the bench, which is sharpened in the last 5 years and has required an investment of more than 30.000 million of Colombian pesos in retaining walls, tensors, slopes, relocation of the road and drainage, without reaching a final solution to the problem, just two months from delivery of the last works (May of 2012) was evident the persistence of the geotechnical problem and the deterioration in works. The problem is aggravated by landslides that have affected communities, caused material losses and legal conflicts between the consortium DEVIMED and the community in the zone. Based on photo interpretation and field work in geology and geomorphology, is possible to identify and delineate the scar of an ancient landslide. This landslide is reactivated by the heavy rains in the area, showing creeping and smaller landslides which affect the highway and surrounding buildings. In that sense, should be raised best geomorphological studies to perform constructions on slopes of the Aburra valley and alternatives as viaducts and tunnels for a definitive solution to the geotechnical problem in the highway because the measures taken to date had been ineffective.


The quickened steps of globalization and the fast growing economy of China have promoted a "Chinese Fever" all over the world.The Indonesian Government lifted the ban on learning Chinese in 1998 and since then there has been a yearly increase in the number of the Indonesian students studying in China.The paper is a case study of the short-term intensive Chinese training class in South China University of Technology and especially focuses on the cultural adaptation of these Indonesian students,which covers the factors affecting their intercultural adaptation,their intercultural and interpersonal communication as well as their learning-based adaptation.


The structures responsible for photosynthesis in bacteria use the nucleoid and two unique proteins as a scaffold to position themselves.