Background Sexual Transmitted infections (STls) are widespread in Pakistan and have not been fully documented. A hospital based prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence and clinical pattern of various types of STls in general population of Larkana division and its surrounding cities. Methods Patients and methods This study was conducted at male STD Clinic in the Department of Dermatology Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University (SMBBMU) hospital Larkana. A total of 4288 cases were seen in this semi urban area. A structured questionnaire presenting the details of syndromic diagnosis was filled during the examination of each patient. For our ease and understanding, these patients were also separated on the basis of clinical and etiological grounds. Results Among 4288 patients, 3947 had the history of extra marital sexual contact and simultaneously had developed clinical signs of STls. Majority of patients had the history of heterosexual contact with different partners. According to syndromic diagnosis: 1930 patients had genital ulcer (including herpes genitals) with or without skin manifestations, 690 had urethral discharge, 431 had genital warts, 349 had lesions other than STls related, 304 had more than one syndrome, 193 had scrotal swelling, 46 had inguinal baboo, 3 were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 1 had ophthalmia neonatorium. Conclusion It is concluded that 5Tls are the growing concern and a public health problem in the central part of 5indh province of this muslim state and syphilis exhibited the highest level of concentration followed by gonorrhea and so on. Community needs to be educated for adopting the safe sex measures to prevent the STls. Disclosure No significant relationships.


This paper addresses design issues on a position sensorless drive for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines in the entire speed range. At initial state, the rotor magnetic polarity is identified based on the flux saturation through a square-wave voltage injection. For low speed operation, the spatial information in the saliency is tracked for the closed-loop sensorless drive. The square-wave voltage is persistently injected to measure the saliency reflected current ripples for the position estimation. For high speed operation, the back-electromagnetic-force (EMF) voltage is estimated for the spatial saliency replacement to achieve the maximum speed under the same DC bus voltage. The rotor position is estimated from the spatial information in back-EMF through a sliding-mode observer (SMO). A transition algorithm based on a multi-input phase-lock loop by blending these two estimated position signals is proposed for a smooth dynamic operation. In this paper, all the design methods are verified on an interior PM motor with a saliency ratio of 1.37 (Lq/Ld = 1.37).


The title of this work reveals my conviction that at least a partial solution to the tragedy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is likely in the next 20 years. The double meaning of the title is meant to introduce two themes. First, there is a ®nite risk period for AD, which has its end in extreme old age. Second, strategies for prevention may soon endÐor at least dramatically reduceÐthe present morbidity of AD. Both ideas derive from an evolving understanding of AD as an extended degenerative process that is predominantly under genetic control. Given what is known about the extensive neurodegenerative changes that precede the dementia of AD (Braak and Braak, 1996), it is unlikely that treatments will restore the integrity of the brain once dementia is apparent. Instead, we should look for ways to prevent these changes, or to delay their progress, before dementia is apparent. Our fundamental aim is therefore prevention. How should we proceed? There are two traditional approaches termed `rational' and `empirical' that are sometimes considered as opposites, but I regard them as complementary. The rational perspective begins with understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of a disease and then, working from theory, devises interventions to attenuate its e€ect. These interventions are then tested (empirically) in a randomized controlled trial. The empirical approach begins not with theory, but instead with associations in nature that may suggest interventions. These interventions may also be tested empirically. But if e€ective, they typically provoke a (rational) scienti®c search for a theory to explain their success. No matter where we start, therefore, we end up with a mixture of theoretical and empirical knowledge that leads to understanding of the disease process. Let me begin with theory and ask, what do we know about the causes of AD? An epidemiological approach considers the classic triad of agent, host and environment. Because e€orts to ®nd an infectious cause for AD have failed, we restrict our inquiry to host (genetic or other constitutional) and environmental (neurotoxic or neuroprotective) factors. Twin studies are an especially useful way of teasing apart genetic and environmental in ̄uences (Plomin et al., 1990) and there are now four population-based twin studies of AD (Breitner et al., 1995; Meyer and Breitner, 1998; Rahia et al., 1996; Bergem et al., 1997; Gatz et al., 1997). One study (Breitner et al., 1995; Meyer and Breitner, 1998) considered only men younger than 72, and is therefore of limited generalizability. Two others estimated the heritability of AD (proportion of variance in population predisposition attributable to genes) at 60% to 80%. Along with family studies (Plassman and Breitner, 1997), the twin results suggest that genes are the major determinant of AD risk.


According to the characteristics of agricultural institutes and combining with the laboratory construction of our school,this paper discussed how to construct electronic and communication labs with agricultural feature,especially the possibility of an innovative and open laboratory system in order to propose and speed up the competition of electronic information major and raise the level of laboratory construction which support the training of high quality students.


The interaction between vegetable extracts (tara and mimosa) and synthetic phenolic retanning agents, one of them of the polyhydroxyphenol type especially developed for this study, with two fatliquoring agents of different oxidisability in relation to temperature is studied. Different properties such as: leather colour variation, shrinkage temperature and chromium VI formation after subjecting the leather samples to the temperature test have been considered. Moreover, those retanning agents with the highest antioxidant capacity have been selected for study, by means a 'Simplex-Centroid' experimental design, of their influence on different organoleptic and physical properties of the treated leather. The vegetable retanning agents (tara and mimosa) inhibit the formation of free radicals so that the oxidation of unsaturated fatliquoring agents is avoided as well as chromium VI formation. The retanning agent of the polyhydroxyphenol type acts as an efficient antioxidant showing good temperature fastness.


With the passing of the la Ley Organica de Mejora de la Calidad Educativa [Reform Act of Improvement of Quality in Education] reemerges one of the timeliest educational issues: decision-making in the field of educational policy that takes care of immigrant students. The present moment is an excellent excuse for, from the perspective that Comparative Education offers, the revision of how the collective of immigrant children has been educated through three models of educational management represented by three Autonomous Communities: Valencia, Catalonia and Andalusia. The article focuses on the analysis of the measures taken in these three cases concerning the reception, the welcoming, and the schooling of immigrant children, using a qualitative methodology based on the comparative method: the descriptive study (analytical phase) presents an explanatory scanning of the measures adopted on management policies of immigrant students, through the content analysis of primary and secondary sources. Regarding results, in the synthetic phase, after juxtaposing the principal criteria which are similar or different in the three presented models, it must be admitted that the three Autonomous Communities have their own singularities, which derive from their own historical backgrounds, economic and political conjunctures, and their educational and social aims, influenced by contexts where certain factors have had a significant weight. Apart from institutional prominence, remarkable differences appear in certain measures, but also coincidences, as for example policies that support the language of the region in each of the presented cases. Finally, the section of comparative conclusions proposes a number of elements which the autonomous communities should acquire, which are present in some of the analysed models. Attention to the language of immigrant students and care for the inclusion of an intercultural education in the curricula of the education centres, are two of the most significant actions.


Wireless video sensor networks (WVSNs) have drawn significant attention in recent years due to the advent of low-cost miniaturized cameras, which makes it feasible to realize large-scale WVSNs for a variety of applications including security surveillance, environmental tracking, and health monitoring. However, the conventional video encoding paradigms are not suitable for WVSNs due to resource constraints such as limited computation power, battery energy, and network bandwidth. In this paper, we evaluated and analyzed the performance of video encoders based on emerging video encoding paradigms such as distributed video coding (DVC) and distributed compressive video sensing (DCVS) for WVSN. The main objective of this work is to provide an insight about the computational complexity and energy consumption of these video encoders, and the quality of reconstruction from the encoded frames. Based on the findings, this paper also provides some guidelines for the selection of appropriate video encoders for a given WVSN application.


The existence of a nation must take its history as the foundation.Only a nation's laws are carried on along its history and adapt to the nation's native resources can the nation live on.Even the slogans of the modernization of laws are cried loudly,the basic way out to laws is to make the laws adapt to the nation's native resources.In our country,the way to the modernization of laws is much difficult and cannot be predicted.Legal transplantation has been vigorously carried out for more than one hundred years,but the result is quite unsatisfied;finally,we have to pay attention to the historic succession.This note discusses with regard to the gain and loss of the legal transplantation by re-exploration of the choice of ways to legal modernization;taking the examination of the unavoidable historic succession as the starting point and the integration of combining the social laws with the social culture as the end..


The monograph Kingdom of Serbia 1718–1739, published by the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Nis, is a revised and supplemented doctoral dissertation, defended on September 24, 2013 at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Nis. The work is a synthesis of historical events of 1718–1739. years in the Kingdom of Serbia. It represents a lasting contribution to historiography and, equally, an incentive for further research. Each issue covered, or at least touched upon in the study, can be the subject of special research. To that extent, the task of the author to shape such a complex topic into a coherent whole was more demanding.


BACKGROUND
Snails of the genus Biomphalaria spp are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the main etiological agent of schistosomiasis mansoni, which affects about 236,6 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The World Health Organization recommends the population control of vector snails as one of the strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of schistosomiasis. In this study, molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of plumbagin, a naturally sourced naphthoquinone with a range of biological effects, were evaluated against B. glabrata and cercariae of S. mansoni.

RESULTS
After 24 h of exposure, plumbagin demonstrated molluscicidal activity at low concentrations against embryos (LC50 of 0.56, 0.93, 0.68, 0.51 and 0.74 μg/mL for the blastula, gastrula, trochophore, veliger and hippo stage, respectively) and adult snails (LC50 of 3.56 μg/mL). There were no changes in exposed snails fecundity or fertility; However, plumbagin was able to increase the frequency of DNA damage and the number of hemocytes, with apoptosis and binucleation being the main hemocyte alterations. In addition, plumbagin showed death of S. mansoni cercariae in the concentration of 1.5 μg/mL in 60 min, while showing moderate toxicity to Artemia salina.

CONCLUSION
Plumbagin proved to be a promising substance for the control of B. glabrata population, intermediate host of S. mansoni, as well as the cercariae, infective stage for the man (definitive host), while being moderate toxic to A. salina, crustacean widely used in ecotoxicity tests. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this study, Hurtz et al. used genetic mouse models and patient-derived leukemia cells to show that the transcriptional repressor BCL6 functions as a central driver of drug resistance in MLL-rearranged B-cell leukemia. Their genetic and ChIP-seq analyses demonstrated that MLL-AF4 and MLL-ENL fusions directly bound to the BCL6 promoter and up-regulated BCL6 expression, thus providing new insights into a previously unrecognized requirement of malignant transformation by oncogenic MLL fusions.


Institute for Marketing and Consumer Research,The Free University, West Berlin, West GermanyFollowing Hammond, McClelland, and Mumpower (1980), two types of feedbackare conceptualized—outcome feedback and cognitive feedback The latter is herehypothesized as having either predictive or explanatory value Using security analystsparticipating in a security analysis decision simulation, the hypothesis that, incontrast to poorer performing decision makers, better performing decision makersare more likely to ignore outcome-only feedback was confirmed (r = —.48, p =02). Implications for theory revision and future research are discussed


innovation has been evolving at a breath-taking pace. Practically each day, new products or services appear on the horizon. One such financial innovation is middle-market securitization—the outgrowth of securitized lending, first introduced in 1968, and a large middle market of loans. Middle-market collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are the next step in the ongoing growth of loan securitizations.1 Securitization is a form of financing in which a lender packages a group of assets—such as car loans, mortgages, or credit card receivables—and issues securities against the future cash flows. The securities are traded as fixedincome securities, similar to bonds. By securitizing assets, lenders can recycle the future cash flows into another round of car loans, mortgages, and credit card charges. This particular financial innovation has helped keep the American consumer buoyed in credit. And it explains why, despite a recession and an imploding stock market, people are still buying cars and houses at a frenetic pace. Securitized lending had its start with the Government National Mortgage Association, or "Ginnie Mae," created in 1968 to package home mortgages that met strict lending guidelines. In the past decade, securitizing of mortgages has taken off, having climbed to a staggering total of $6 trillion. By comparison, all household debt in the U.S. currently totals $7.7 trillion. There are two major benefits to a lender securitizing its book of loans. The first benefit is that the lender receives the present value of a future stream of cash flows


Neural network (NN) models have shown good performance on many image recognition benchmarks. Given large image datasets, these models typically have millions or billions of parameters that can easily lead to over-fitting without regularization. Dropout and DropConnect show their effectiveness of regularizing large fully connected layers within neural networks. In Dropout, each neural activation within the network is randomly set to zero with a probability during training. In DropConnect, a generalization of Dropout, each connection weight within the network is randomly set to zero with a probability instead. Both of the probabilities in Dropout and DropConnect are universal predefined constants. We propose Adaptive Local Drop (ALDrop), a novel regularization method that sets each connection weight within the network with a learned probability adaptive to the input image dataset using a locality-based measure. Experiments on several image recognition benchmarks show that our model outperforms Dropout and DropConnect.


THE SURVIVAL AND well being of a nation depend upon sustainable development, and for this, water supply and sanitation are essential requirements. An adequate supply of safe water and sanitation are, in turn, essential ingredients of a healthy and productive life. The former World Bank Chairman, Robert Macnamara, had remarked that for a better economic growth rate and higher productivity, priority has to be given to the health of the people, for which provision of public utilities like water supply and sanitation is necessary. The benefits of safe water are limited without sanitation. Invariably it is the poor who suffer the most in the absence of safe water and sanitation. As a result, the debilitating effects of insanitary living conditions lower the productive potential of the very people who can least afford it. The enormity of the problem can be gauged from the fact that nearly two billion people (about a third of the world's population) are without adequate basic sanitation facilities and by the year 2000, the number may increase to 3 billion. In India the situation is no different. More than 750 million people out of 950 million population either defecate in the open or use insanitary bucket/ dry privies cleaned manually. The health implications of this state of affairs is appalling. It is responsible for 2.5 million child deaths per year in the entire world, countless lost days from schools and tremendous loss of nutritional status in growing children. Three to four lakh children die every year in India from diarrhoeal diseases which result from lack of proper sanitation. The problem of human waste management is the single most potent source of insanitation, diseases and degradation of the environment. Open air defecation and use of bucket privies have led to the inhuman and unhealthy demeaning practice of manual collection and disposal of night soil by humans, which stigmatized a particular caste and was responsible for the social practice of "untouchability". This practice violates all norms of civilised society, and is a denial of human rights and dignity. It has been estimated that about four lakh scavengers are engaged in manually cleaning and carrying human excreta from about 76 lakhs bucket/dry privies in India, of which 54 lakhs are in urban centres. In developed countries, the standard solution for the sanitary disposal of human excreta is water borne sewerage. Sewerage was first introduced in the world in London in 1850, followed by New York in 1860. Calcutta in India was the next city in the world to have this privilege in 1870, yet only 232 towns/cities out of 4,700 have sewerage. None of them covers the entire city. Due to severe financial constraints and exorbitant cost, sewerage is not the answer to solve the problem of human waste management in India. A septic tank too is very costly and a common man can not afford to have it. Septic tanks, besides high cost, have many drawbacks and operational problems. As an example, for cleaning of septic tanks and disposal of sludge, the services of scavengers are needed as other labour would not handle it because of sludge being mixed up with fresh night soil, in which case the scavenging will continue. The entry of Sulabh International Social Service Organisation into the arena of sanitation in the year 1970 gave a new turn to the sanitation programme in India. The organisation applied low cost, socio-culturally acceptable and affordable technology i.e. Sulabh Shauchalaya (twin pit pourflush toilet) in the field. But technology alone is not the answer. People's preceptions and attitudes on sanitation have to be changed. Public awareness and community participation is the most desirable thing to happen. And this can happen only when there is a massive national awareness followed by a strong and nationwide citizens' movement, like the one being currently spearheaded by Sulabh International Social Service Organisation.


Despite the advancement of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, inner ear symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo/dizziness are still experienced in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors. This study utilized an inner ear test battery to assess the causes and sequence of inner ear deficits in irradiated NPC survivors with a mean interval of 10 years after radiotherapy.


An interactive graphics program useful for the mask design of both silicon integrated and hybrid thin-film circuits will be described.


Includes book-length critical edition of Dickens's juvenilia Paul Schacht, "In Pursuit of Pickwick's Hat: Dickens and the Epistemology of Utilitarianism" Natalie McKnight, "The Erotics of Barnaby Rudge" Karen Bourrier, "Reading Laura Bridgman: Literacy and Disability in Dickens's American Notes" Michael Klotz, "Dombey and Son and the 'Parlour on Wheels'" John Kofron, "Dickens, Collins, and the Influence of the Arctic" Jan Alber, "Darkness, Light, and Various Shades of Gray: The Prison and the Outside World in Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities" Philip V. Allingham, "The Illustrations for Great Expectations in Harper's Weekly (1860-1861) and in the Illustrated Library Edition (1862) - 'Reading by the Light of Illustration'" Victoria Ford Smith, "Dolls and Imaginative Agency in Bradford, Pardoe, and Dickens" Robert Tracy, "'Opium is the true hero of the tale': De Quincey, Dickens, and The Mystery of Edwin Drood" Stephanie Pena-Sy, "Intoxication, Provocation, and Derangement: Interrogating the Nature of Criminal Responsibility in The Mystery of Edwin Drood" Robert C. Hanna, "Before Boz: The Juvenilia and Early Writings of Charles Dickens, 1820-1833" Natalie McKnight, "Recent Dickens Studies - 2007" Index.


Objective
To study the effect of two different percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage (PTCD) procedures for malignant obstructive jaundice.

Methods
According to whether the tip of the catheter was carried across the ampulla and into the duodenum, patients were divided into external drainage group (54 cases) and both internal and external drainage group (57 cases). The effects of two surgical procedures on reducing jaundice, the postoperative complications, hospitalization days, and total hospitalization expenses were evaluated.

Results
Postoperative TBiL decreased significantly in both the two groups (t=2.338, P<0.05). The postoperative DBiL values went even lower in both external and internal group (t=2.201, P<0.05). There were 14 cases of biliary tract infection in the external drainage group, and 27 cases in two ways group (χ2=5.473, P<0.05). Total hospitalization expenses were statistically different between the two group (t=-2.200, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The internal and external drainage has a better drainage effect than the external drainage group , but more likely to cause infection of biliary tract, increase hospitalization expenses.

Key words:
Jaundice, obstructive; Drainage


This paper describes the preliminary results of a research which aims to assess the possibilities for GIS as a supporting tool to improve regional nature park management in Russia. The paper presents a case study concerning the application of GIS in the land use planning of the Nature Park Eltonsky, located in a rural landscape. The results show that GIS-techniques can support nature park management, especially with multiple land use planning within the park area.


Settlement area with high population density and situated in unfeasible location cause the quality of settlement environment to be low. The low quality of settlement environment has the potential to cause Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). This study aimed to explain the correlation of settlement environmental quality and incidence of ARI disease in Gayamsari Sub-District, Semarang. This research used a quantitative descriptive spatial approach by using remote sensing technique and Geographic Information System (GIS).  The result showed that there is a high and significant correlation between settlement environmental quality and acute respiratory infection (ARI) Incidence, especially happened in Kaligawe and Tambakrejo village.


The composition and working scheme of a 16-counter with enable port and clear port were introduced in this paper,the designing idea and implementation process based on VHDL and FPGA were also described,the functions of the counter are implemented by Max+Plus Ⅱ 10.1 and the box of EDA. With the analysis of the experimental outcome,the correct designing was proved.


FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) devices have emerged as a new type of reconfigurable high-performance computing hardware. Despite their successful applications in a variety of areas, FPGA devices are just about to find their way into the control systems. In this paper, a general velocity estimation solution for on-chip FPGA implementation is presented. Possessing the advantages of both frequency count and period count methods, the proposed solution automatically covers a wide range of velocities. It behaves as a period counter at low velocities and also behaves as a frequency counter at high velocities. Remarkably, the division operation required by most period count methods is averted by using an accumulator to ease the FPGA-based implementation. The developed velocity estimation solution is experimentally compared to a classic frequency count method in terms of both velocity signal smoothness and position tracking control accuracy. Experimental results also reveal that the position control accuracy of harmonic drives is more sensitive to the velocity phase-lag than to the velocity smoothness.


Application of sliding mode control for a continuous bioreactor operation is studied, both by deterministic and adaptive approaches. Based on the results from these two approaches, a hybrid approach to sliding mode control is proposed. Performance of this sliding mode controller is shown through simulation studies for two different fermentation processes. To assess the performance of the controller, set point changes, external disturbances and variations in parameters are considered. The good performance of the sliding mode controller for the nonlinear system is demonstrated, especially for its ability to reject disturbances. The invariance property of sliding mode controller is also shown. Its performance is also compared with a conventional PI controller.


The traditional manual methods of programming in architectural design have definite disadvantages that could, in part at least, be overcome by computational support. We have developed RaBBiT, a support tool for programming that can be easily adapted to various programming styles end terminologies. In the present paper, we report on the evaluation of its usability in requirements modeling by expert designers. The evaluation is performed through the following steps: (a) measuring usefulness of RaBBiT and its effectiveness in requirements modeling and generation and (b) assessing the usability of RaBBiT by applying 'pair-collaborated usability evaluation using heuristics'. Introduction RaBBiT (Requirements Building for Building Types) is a computer-based tool aiming to assist programming and requirements management phase of architectural design. We have discussed RaBBiT in earlier papers (Erhan, 2003; Erhan and Flemming, 2004; Erhan and Flemming, 2005). In the present paper, we focus on the usability evaluation and assessment of the system. Since RaBBiT suggests a different approach than current information management tools used in architectural programming, which are usually built on some general purpose office productivity tools, we would like to determine the response from architectural programmers towards its usability, effectiveness, and acceptability. Our initial observations with RaBBiT motivated us to pay special attention to the challenges posed by its generality, (computational) programmability and interactivity. The system is meant to be used by domain experts with little or no experience in computer programming. RaBBiT, while aiming to address fundamental requirements management issues, focuses on usability and user interface design. Despite our present emphasis on RaBBiT's usability, we have to briefly introduce the functionality because the user interaction with RaBBiT has to be understood in its terms. Users and Functions The primary users of RaBBiT are practitioners with a particular interest in architectural programming for specific building types. The secondary users are other computer-aided design reasoning systems and clients who want to utilize a model or a generated program in their own domain of interest—


The use of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol as an embedding medium for the production of resin‐free sections of plant cells is described. Specimens can be observed at a range of accelerating voltages, are high in contrast and require no heavy metal staining. All the major organelles appear intact and a three‐dimensional network of filaments in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm is reported.


This conference coincided with the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the composer's death and formed part of the Rameau Project, a large-scale multidisciplinary research programme devoted to the operas of Jean-Philippe Rameau, supported by The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities and directed by Graham Sadler (University of Oxford and Birmingham Conservatoire), Alain Viala (University of Oxford) and Jonathan Williams (University of Oxford).


Variation in the sedimentation of the erythrocytes in the blood of patients with active infectious diseases was first observed by Fahraeus (1921). He also showed that the sedimentation rate is increased in pregnant women. Since then a large literature has accumulated on the subject. In spite of the limitations of the currently used routine methods of determining it, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.) is still considered a useful clinical test. Its values are increased during the active phase in tuberculosis and rheumatism and vary according to the clinical course of the diseases. This makes the test useful in assessing improvement and deterioration. Besides these two conditions, E.S.R. is modified in a number of morbid conditions, e.g. typhus, brucellosis, virus diseases, diphtheria, pneumonia, etc. The wide variation in apparently healthy individuals may be partly due to different individual reaction to exposure to infection. An attempt to evaluate the range of variation in a large sample of normal individuals has been made by Dahlberg (1949). Sex and age differences are taken into account but they are not constant. The test is also sensitive to diet; recently Walker, Fletcher, Reynolds, Bersohn & Sonnenfeld (1956) showed dramatic changes in the E.S.R., due to a specific diet in Bantu mine-workers. Hardwicke & Squire (1952) , discussing the basis of the E.S.R., conclude that 'under standard conditions to measurement the elevation of the E.S.R. in disease is quantitatively related to the plasma fibrinogen concentration, while the remainder is due to factors operating in the serum'. The mode of action of these serum factors is analogous to that of fibrinogen and the main factors concerned seem to be £X2 and y-globulins. The E.S.R. is clearly a heterogeneous character in which individual and environmental factors interact. This is a serious limitation, which affects most attempts to study biochemical variation among randomly selected normal individuals (Harris, 1953). None the less this analysis, presenting a working hypothesis, may have some value.


In resent years, the damage caused by flood comes obvious because of unprecedented record-breaking rainfall event or largest recorded rainfall. Because of this situation, river planning starts to be looked at again in Japan. For example, it has been reported by MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) that even if total rainfall is the same when the rainfall distribution differs in a basin, the discharge at a reference point may differ (refer to MLIT). In other words, it is necessary to innovate a new intellection considering the difference of rainfall distribution when creating river planning. This study aims to clarify the relation between rainfall distribution in a target basin and peak discharge at a reference point. The authors therefore verified how the peak discharge at a basing point responds to rainfall distribution at an intended basin. Moreover, the authors examine the impact on discharge at a reference point if rainfall intensity increases or decreases in a basin. A target basin of this study is Tone upper river basin. In addition, largest recorded flood of this basin is Kathleen typhoon which 3-days accumulated rainfall is about 320mm(refer to document of Japan Society of Civil Engineers) in the basin. First, the authors separated the target basin into 4 parts (refer to document of Science Council of Japan). Then, we did runoff analysis for a number of rainfall distributions using this typhoon event as basic rainfall pattern. The conditions of this calculation are, first, average rainfall ofTone upper river basin is the same in every rainfall distribution. Secondly, soil condition and geotechnical condition do not change in every case. After that, we compared every peak discharge at the reference point. Moreover, the authors also did runoff analysis using a number of average-rainfall over watershed 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2 times as much as basic rainfall event. And then, we compared the peak discharge in the same way. In consequence, the authors indicated that peak discharge at the point of reference was about from 20800m /s to 23800m/s in which case rainfall distribution differs. These range of values is ±7% in contrast with basic design flood of Tone river. In particular, the peak discharge of the reference point becomes 22000m /s or more in which case heavy rainfall intensity occurred in a watershed nearby the point. Furthermore, it was found that the range of values of peak discharge grows wider as average-rainfall over watershed builds in intensity. Therefore, flood exceeding the designed level is necessary to be defined newly and exactly in Tone upper river basin.


PurposeThe demand to reduce carbon emissions has become an increasingly important social factor due to the unprecedented impacts of climate change. However, most existing publications have focused on minimizing emissions during the operational phase of buildings. At the same time, there is a lack of comprehensive research conducted on carbon emissions, specifically during the construction phase. The purpose of this paper is to identify, review and classify current practices related to carbon emissions management in construction operations to gain greater insight into how to reduce and mitigate emissions and achieve more sustainable solutions.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviewed the published literature on carbon emissions from construction. A total of 198 bibliographic records were extracted from the Scopus collection database and analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PRISMA is used as a basis for reporting possible trends, research methods and strategies used in published literatures. A total of 99 papers related to carbon emissions in the construction operations were further reviewed and analyzed. This review paper draws on existing research and identifies current carbon management patterns in construction projects.FindingsData indicated an upward trend in the number of publications in carbon emissions research during the last few years, particularly in 2015, 2017 and 2019. The most significant contributions to the domain were reported from China, Europe and the USA. This paper found that most studies conduct the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to estimate carbon emissions. This paper found that the primary studies have focused on construction machinery and equipment emissions. The strategies such as establishing uniform standards for carbon emissions policies and regulations, equipment and logistic planning and low carbon design material will potentially impact carbon emissions reductions.Practical implicationsThis paper provides information that will be beneficial for the construction industry to design and manage construction operations. It will also be of interest to those looking to reduce or manage construction emissions.Originality/valueAlthough there is a diversity of current thinking related to the practical estimation and management of carbon emissions in construction projects, there is no consolidated set of keys of standardized carbon emissions management in practice. By assessing the existing paradigms of carbon assessment methods and tactics in the construction industry, this study contributed to the existing knowledge base by providing insights into current techniques in the construction sector for monitoring and mitigating emissions.


The aerial scene classification is one of the major tasks in the remote sensing community that automatically labels the corresponding semantic categories of aerial images. Recently, a lot of methods based on deep neural networks have been proposed, in which hierarchical internal feature are extracted for representations. However, these presented methods often have complex structures and require large volume of memory, and a large number of labeled aerial scene images are difficult to obtain, hindering their implementation in practical applications. In this paper, we present the between-class similarity priori and adaptive knowledge mimic (BPKM) method for aerial scene classification. First, the method extracts the efficient prior relationship information of the scene images from large-scale network. Then, a compressed network is generated through learning the output and the intermediate representations of the large-scale network, and the compressed network achieves better feature description ability; in addition, an improved cross-entropy method with an adaptive threshold is applied to reduce the training time consumption. A large-scale data set (AID) and UC-Merced data set are considered for performance evaluation, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed method is about $24\times $ parameters saving compared to popular networks, e.g., AlexNet, and has outstanding classification performance in classes with similar features.


Background Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a relative y rare cancer that originates in the epithelium of the inner prepuce and glans. The underlying bio logy and molecular drivers of PSCC are poorly understood. Case Presentation A 58-year-old male presented with penile lesion and hematuria prompting imaging studies. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed hype rmetabolic lymph nodes involving the left internal iliac chain and left inguinal lymph nodes. He underwent computed tomography guided lymph node biopsy and pathologic examination reveal ed squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed the tumor demonstrates strong p63, CK5 and p16 positivity and negative for CK7, CK20, and GATA-3, consistent with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical targeted-exome se quencing (Foundationone) identified multiple gene alterations in PI3K and DNA damage repair path w y. Conclusions While alterations in PIK3CA, and EGFR are common in squamous cell penile carcinoma, we report additional novel genomic alterations for the first time in a newly diagnosed advanced squamous cell penile carcinoma. Our study further highlights the value of comprehensive genomic analyses in identifying patient-specific novel druggable target s.


Demand response programs, reduced air conditioner size, and improved thermal integrity all reduce the peak demand for residential air conditioning. All can also affect the comfort of residential occupants. A simulation of six hundred houses provides insight into the peak reductions available from each, and their effects on occupant comfort. Reduced air conditioner size and improved thermal integrity should always be evaluated whenever a demand response program, distributed generation, or energy storage are considered.


This article describes a model for the absorption of a cerebral gas embolism. It is also shown that by controlling the ambient pressure and partial pressure of nitrogen, an air embolism can be absorbed at an accelerated rate. At ambient pressure, a breathing gas of 100% Oxygen will triple the rate of absorption. With an ambient pressure of 6 atmospheres, a 1-mm bubble is eliminated in 10 minutes instead of 12 hours.


Quadratic points of a surface in the projective 3-space are the points which can be exceptionally well approximated by a quadric. They are also singularities of a 3-web in the elliptic part and of a line field in the hyperbolic part of the surface. We show that generically the index of the 3-web at a quadratic point is ±1/3, while the index of the line field is ±1. Moreover, for an elliptic quadratic point whose cubic form is semi-homogeneous, we can use Loewner's conjecture to show that the index is at most 1. From the above local results, we can conclude some global results: A generic compact elliptic surface has at least 6 quadratic points, a compact elliptic surface with semi-homogeneous cubic forms has at least 2 quadratic points and the number of quadratic points in a hyperbolic disc is odd. By studying the behavior of the cubic form in a neighborhood of the parabolic curve, we also obtain a relation between the indices of the quadratic points of a generic surface with non-empty elliptic and hyperbolic regions.


Zhang Jiebin was a prominent physician in the Ming dynasty. In his work, Jing yue quan shu (Jingyue's Complete Works), he inherited the method and content of differentiation of syndromes by zang-fu viscera advocated in Zhong zang jing (Treasured Classic), and combined it with differentiation of syndromes by eight principles, qi-blood and etiology. Thus, he enriched and developed the theory of differentiation of syndromes by zang-fu viscera, established the systems of two principles and six changes. All of these laid a foundation for the development of theory of differentiation of syndromes in later ages.


Shift work is commonly found in modern industries. Shift work arrangement is problematic since working in the out of normal work is giving negative consequences. Therefore, attempts have been made to optimize shift work arrangement and to minimize the negative consequences. One approach that has been used as a base in arrange shift work is chronotype, defined as individual preferences about their sleepiness work and is partially determined by clock genes. This present study aimed to observe the effect of chronotype on shift work arrangement, from the view of performance and mental workload. 25 Air Traffic Control/ATC workers work in three shift involve in this study. Chronotype was assessed once work by Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The performance was assessed based on sleepiness (using Karolinska Sleepiness scale) and alertness (using alertometer) in the end of each shift for every ATC worker. Separate mixed ANOVA was applied in analyzing the result. This study reveals that people work in a shift work that is compatible with the chronotype perceive significant lower mental workload, slightly better alertness and slightly lower sleepiness than people work in a shift work that is not compatible with the chronotype. The implication of the result is discussed.


Several industries use clickbait techniques as their strategy to increase the number of readers for their news. Some news companies implement catchy headlines and images in their news article links, with the expectation that the readers will be interested in reading the news and click the provided link. The majority of the news is not hoax news. However, the content might not be as grand as the catchy headlines and images provided to the readers. This research aims to explore the classification model using machine learning to identify if the headlines are classified as clickbait in online news. This research explores several machine learning techniques to classify clickbait in online news and comprehensively explain the results. Several popular machine learning techniques were implemented and explored in this research. The results demonstrate that the model trained with fast large margin provides the best accuracy and classification error (90% and 10%, respectively). Moreover, to improve the performance, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers architecture was used to model clickbait in online news. The best BERT model achieved 98.86% in the test accuracy. BERT model requires more time to train (0.9 hour) compared to machine learning (0.4 hour).


The determination of uranium as a toxic (chemically and radioactively) element in human urine is of major medical interest since metabolic models must be established in order to estimate the body burden of uranium in professionally exposed workers. Moreover, nuclear medical regulations require important controls of uranium, with levels determined, from workers' urine samples. Different methods have been and are still used to perform such measurements, namely: fluorescence on pellets, chromatography, counting techniques, neutron activation, and mass spectrometry. However, these different techniques are time consuming, and some of them require bulky equipment. Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Spectrofluorometry (LITRS) is a very sensitive technique for ultratrace determinations of uranium in solution and seemed appropriate for these analyses. This technique is based on laser excitation followed by temporal resolution of the fluorescence signal. The great advantages of this technique, aside from sensitivity, are its triple resolution (i.e., excitation, emission, and life-time) and its rapidity.


Nowadays, hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative network has emerged as a key technology to provide a great variety of communication services. The deployment of this network will improve coverage and capacity in remote areas. Despite the benefits of this network, by increasing the number of users, communication efficiency based on interference management is a major challenge in satellite-based system. Also, the direct links between satellite system and the terrestrial equipment do not always have desirable channel condition. In order to avoid serious throughput degradation, choosing a cooperative relay node is very important. In this paper, Stackelberg game is exploited for interference management that is raised by satellites in down link over terrestrial equipment. Then, for interference management between ground station and relay node with other mobile users, CVX is used to allocate optimum power. Also, the best relay node in this structure is selected based on the harmonic mean function. Thus, the performance of the heterogeneous satellite-cooperative network is investigated based on three benchmarks, namely, successful transmission, energy consumption and outage probability. Finally, the simulation results showed the effect of proposed system model on the performance of next generation satellite networks.


As his name indicates, ʿAbd al-Jabbār was born in Asadābād near Hamadhān in Iran. ʿAbd al-Jabbār brings in a wide variety of anecdotal and circumstantial evidence to support his overall contention that Christianity has abandoned its original purity which Christ originally brought, and that the historical forms of the faith bear little resemblance to its first proclamation that is now renewed and confirmed by Muhammad. The structure of the refutation of Christianity is easy to grasp in broad outline. The Christians continue to suggest ways in which the divine could inhere in the human Jesus without being subject to the laws of physical things, but ʿAbd al-Jabbār maintains his point that this is not possible within rational ways of understanding. The great difference between the Muslim ʿAbd al-Jabbār and his Christian opponents is brought out more openly here than almost anywhere else in the refutation.Keywords: ʿAbd al-Jabbār; Christianity; Jesus; Muslim


Teaching value is a relationship between teaching subject and teaching object which meet the needs teaching subject.Including three aspects:the value of intellectual capacity,the value of personality character,the value of the harmonious development.The realization of the teaching value is to create a harmonious and freedom learning environment,c hange teaching methods,respect for the dominant position of the individual and the combination of tradition and modernity.


This paper reviews the debates about growth poverty and inequality, arguing that they have tended to revolve around the question of whether market-led growth is sufficient to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality or whether deliberate policies are necessary because the impact of growth may be insufficient or even lead to perverse outcomes. It also charts the degenerating outcomes of some of these debates, especially the recent rollback of pro-poor growth (PPG) policies and the emergence of the inclusive growth (IG) paradigm. Third, it examines the weaknesses of IG, and argues that these are best confronted through a broader and more ambitious statement of the pro-poor goals specifically, through a pro-poor development strategy (PPS). PPS is theoretically more resilient than PPG, and it offers a more cogent set of macroeconomic policy recommendations to address growth, poverty and inequality than IG.


Introduction: Multiple factors influence postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI). This study evaluates the association between an intraoperative urodynamic stress test (IST) with PPI. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, single-center, prospective evaluation of 109 robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RALPs) performed between July 2020 and March 2021. All patients underwent an intraoperative urodynamic stress test (IST) in which the bladder is filled up to an intravesical pressure of 40 cm H2O to evaluate whether the rhabdomyosphincter is capable of withstanding the pressure and ensure continence. Early PPI was evaluated using a standardized 1-h pad test performed the day after removal of the urinary catheter. The association of IST and PPI was evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Nearly 76.6% of the patients showed no urine loss during the IST ("sufficient" population group). There was no significant correlation between this group and PPI after catheter removal (P = 0.5). Subgroup analyses of the "sufficient" patient population showed a 3.1 higher risk of PPI when no nerve sparing was performed (95% confidence interval: 1.05–9.70, P = 0.045). Conclusion: A sufficient IST, as a surrogate variable for a fully obtained rhabdomyosphincter, has no significant predictive value on its own but seems to be the optimal prerequisite for continence, since the data shows that the lack of neurovascular supply required for a functioning sphincter leads up to a 3.1 times higher risk for PPI.


IN a small and very simple group like the family, sept or tribe, that sense of being related which is the moral core of religion may do very well as a basis for harmonious living. But for a large and highly organized society acquired sympathy has just the shortcomings I pointed out in a spontaneous sympathy in the first paper of this series. It establishes general bonds and sees to it that no social class is exploited or left behind, but it is not fit to be charged with the immediate regulation of men. The reason for this lies in the nature of the social order. Taking the society we are in, this social order presents itself as a system of active individuals, unlike in respect to dependence, desires, abilities and occupation, engaged in the strenuous pursuit of personal ends, but nevertheless so ordering their activities and conduct as to realize a certain equilibrium which can be indefinitely maintained. People are constantly dropping out of this system, new people are constantly maturing into it, and these after entering frequently change their places in it. But whatever be a person's place in the system, there are required of him in that place certain definite relations to other persons and to other parts of the system. The individual as daughter is to defer in certain ways, as wife must assume certain relations of mutuality, as mother is expected to become care-taker of her children, as nurse is called upon to meet unflinchingly certain responsibilities. As one passes from youth to manhood, from minority to citizenship, from study to work, from bachelor to father, from subordinate to chief, many definite changes at once take place in social requirement. At times these requirements are so unlike as to call up precisely opposite sentiments. Consider the contrast between the individual as diplomat and as man of science, as advocate and as judge, as business man and


This study examines the supply response and the effect of price predictability of corn in the province of Quebec. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) process is used to model output price expectations and its volatility. The empirical results show that price predictability has a positive effect on producersO decisions. Estimation of supply elasticity illustrates that expected output price is the most important risk factor for corn producers in Quebec.As expected, we found that the Farm Income Stabilization Insurance (ASRA) in Quebec leads producers to be more sensitive to effective prices than to market prices. Our results also show that application of this program causes less sensitivity to input prices than to output prices. Reducing producersO risk aversion is another implication of this program.


Abstract : Some problems concerning the design and evaluation of a pattern recognition system for low-frequency radar aircraft identification are investigated. A decision-theoretic model that includes a model of noise perturbations of the feature-vector, and a model of uncertainity associated with the measurement of parameter values has been developed. The performance of the minimum-risk classifier based on the decision-theoretic model is compared to those of the nearest-neighbor classifiers. This comparison is made in terms of the following measures: misclassification probability, classification bias, computational efficiency and robustness. A feature-extraction algorithm based on the decision-theoretic model is developed. Alternative procedures for the problem where multiple radar scans are available have been compared. These procedures include a sequential procedure based on the decision-theoretic model, and a procedure based on taking a majority-vote over multiple decisions of a given classifier. (Author)


"BODY OF WATER is a project in which 15 photographers visually express their interpretations of the theme water. Each image is represented as a postcard in a special edition boxed set. Using the postcards for their intended purpose is an opportunity for the audience to add their own ayer of meaning." -- p. [1]


The article covers issues related to the selection of a management strategy for the operation of technical infrastructure. It contains the approaches, methodology and a general model of the system of operation of the Maintenance Services of the LOTOS Group production company, which is an example of a large oil concern. Nowadays, an increasing aspect is put on the efficiency of individual repair processes, as well as the operation of equipment. Doubts often arise as to which strategy is the right one and which one to choose. With numerous machines, there are problems related to work planning and optimal use of resources. In addition, there are frequently difficulties in identifying the devices that interfere with the processes. The aim of this article is to present the maintenance strategy of the LOTOS production company and to introduce a procedure that allows for the assessment of the efficiency of machinery and equipment operation. It includes a method extending the identification of "Bad Actors" used so far, based on data from the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, with a solution based on reports made after device repairs. MTBR (Mean Time Between Repair) coefficients were calculated for particular Complexes, Plants and Machines, which allowed for the identification of troublesome areas and the most difficult devices in production processes. This made it possible to select the equipment that should be repaired in the first place. After the implementation of the method and service activities, a decrease in the number of problematic machines was observed.


Most practical optimization problems are multi-objective in nature. Moreover, the objective values are, in general, differently scaled. In order to obtain uniformly distributed set of Pareto-optimal points, the objectives must be normalized so that any distance metric computation in the objective space is meaningful. Thus, normalization becomes a crucial component of an evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithm. In this paper, we investigate and discuss the normalization procedure for NSGA-III, a state-of-the-art multiand many-objective evolutionary algorithm. First, we show the importance of normalization in higher-dimensional objective spaces. Second, we provide pseudo-codes which presents a clear description of normalization methods proposed in this study. Third, we compare the proposed normalization methods on a variety of test problems up to ten objectives. The results indicate the importance of normalization for the overall algorithm performance and show the effectiveness of the originally proposed NSGA-III's hyperplane concept in higher-dimensional objective spaces.


CONTEXT
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is usually caused by gain-of-function mutations in the proto-oncogene RET.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism in a male patient diagnosed with the MTC at age 51 years.

METHODS
Genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes or tumor tissues of patients was used for next-generation sequencing-based (NGS) panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Wild-type (WT RET) and p.C630 deletion RET were expressed in HEK 293T cells. Activation of phosphorylation of the crucial tyrosine 905 of RET and MAPK/ERK was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of RET mutants on cell viability and colony formation ability was determined by CCK8 assay and a colony forming assay.

RESULTS
NGS-Panel sequencing revealed a 3-nucleotide/1-amino acid C630 in-frame deletion in exon 11 of RET (c.1887_1889delGTG p.C630del). In vitro expression showed that phosphorylation of the crucial tyrosine 905 was much stronger in the p.C630del RET mutant than in WT RET, indicating ligand-independent activation of the Ret protein tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, p.C630del RET mutant induced strong activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, p.C630del RET mutant cells exhibited increased HEK 293T cell viability and colony formation compared with WT RET cells. Pralsetinib (BLU-667), a highly selective RET inhibitor, inhibited the viability of WT RET and p.C630del RET mutant-transfected HEK 293T cells (IC50s: 18.54 and 16.49 µM after treatment for 24 h), followed by inhibition of the RET-induced MAPK/ERK pathway.

CONCLUSION
The finding in our patient with MTC was reported to be a 3-base-pair deletion in exon 11 of RET, a p.C630 deletion not yet reported. The p.C630del RET stimulates cell proliferation by increasing ligand-independent phosphorylation and activation of MAPK/ERK pathway, demonstrating pathogenic nature of the mutation. We therefore recommend screening panel sequence of RET in MTC patients with indications of a genetic cause.


The  carotenoids  are  natural  colored  pigments  varying  from  yellow  to  red.  They  are  divided  in  carotenes,  as  β-carotene  and lycopene, and their oxygenated derivatives, the xanthophylls, as astaxanthin present in shellfishes.  β-carotenes are precursors of vitamin A being an important anti-oxidant molecule. Both β-carotene and lycopene, have been  used  in  the  cancer  inhibition.  In  the  present  work,  we  detected  the  presence  of  carotenoids  using  thin  layer chromatography (TLC) for the separation of the pigments of green eatable vegetables, aiming the application of those methods  in  the  practical  classes  of  the  Biological  Science  Course  of  UFPE.  Spinacia  oleracea  (spinach),  Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce) were macerated with washed send in the presence of sodium sulfate followed by the addition of 25 ml of hexane until total homogeneity. The extracts were filtrated, washed with 10 ml of hexane, concentrated in vacuum  evaporator  and resuspended in hexane. The  hexanic extract was applied  on silica gel  G  plates  activated  at  120°C  for  30  min.  The  chromatogram  was  developed  in  hexane-benzene-pyridine  system (40:5:5).  All  the  used  solvents  were  from  analytical  grade,  β-carotene  (C40H56)  and  astaxanthin  (C40H52O4)  from Sigma  St.  Louis  – USA  were  used  as  standards.  Meanwhile,  the  lycopene  was  identified  by  a  comparison  with  the same compound present in a tomato extract. The results demonstrated that β-carotene has a higher concentration in the  spinach  and  cabbage  than  in  the  lettuce.  However,  lettuce  presented  more  lycopene  than  the  others  two vegetables. Astaxanthin was not detected in all studied vegetables. In conclusion, green eatable vegetables could be a  good  source  of  β-carotene  protecting  against  low  vitamin  A  concentration  in  the  organisms  and  the  degenerative disturbs  related  to oxidative  reactions.  Finally, the students will be orientated  to correlate  the  carotenoids actions  in the prevention of diseases caused by free radicals.


W ILLIAM JAMES, lecturing before the general public, is said to have Ükened the history of philosophy to a turüe standing on the back of another turtle. "But Professor James," a member of the audi ence asked, "what is underneath the bottom turtle?" "Madam," James re plied, "it is turtles all the way down." The present article focuses on the contributions of Benjamin Wolstein within the theoretical evolution of the American school of inteφersonal psychoanalysis. As with James's commentary on plumbing the depths of philosophy, one is well advised to proceed with humility in tracing the pathways of complex thought. How much more so when attempting to clarify Benjamin Wolstein's rich and densely packed intellectual trajec tory from Sullivan's midcentury inteφersonahsm to the millennium's relationism. Wolstein had no conceptual difficulty with these labels. He saw them—like Dewey's (1896) foundational understanding of the reflex arc—as naturally transformational. He recognized that one concept flows into the other. In fact, each concept relies on the other. But where Dewey's arc foUows the progress of a muscular nerve twitch, Wolstein's parallel arc transforms the intellectual history of twentieth-century Ameri can psychoanalysis. As Wolstein frequentiy noted, Harry Stack Sullivan's orientation had been the study of interpersonal relations. That "interper sonalists" from the start had lopped off "relationism" in describing their practice was a dialectical setup—a synthesis waiting to happen. "Rela tionism" necessarily completed "interpersonalism" by bringing explicitiy to the consensual social field the joint operations of unique human need and desire. The painstakingly fastidious dialectical process that would integrate inteφersona witii psyche, public and private, within the joint therapeutic field spanned fifty years of Wolstein's professional life.


The movement rate of each station in Fujian province is got by Fujian GPS network data from Mar.2004 to Jun.2009 and combined the international continuous observation data base station of Taiwan Taoyuan,and the displacement time sequence,velocity and gravity basis motion vector diagram are analyzed.The relationship between Fujian provincial GPS data and crustal movement is discussed,and the results show that there is no significant horizontal displacement anomalies,and the trend of crustal movement in Fujian is still very slow and even stable,and moves to Southeast with the Southern block.


This research aimed 1) study the present state and needs of competency development for teacher, 2) create the strategy of competency development for teachers, 3) test the strategy of competency development for teachers, and 4) evaluate the strategy of competency development for teachers. . The tool which was used for this research was questionnaires, Rating Scale 4 Level, reliability about 0.893 The statistics which were used to analyze information were percentage, mean, standard deviation , mode and Priority Needs Index (PNI modified) The result of research was found that 1. The overview and each aspect of the competency of teachers of Tessaban 1 (Wiangchiangsaen) School were at high level. It was urgent according to the needs were analysis-synthesis and research for learners' development aspect, self-development aspect, curriculum and learning management aspect,and the performance outcomes aspect. 2. The strategies of competency development of Tessaban 1 (Wiangchiangsae)'s teachers covered 4 core strategies i.e. 1) to develop teachers to be researchers strategy, 2) self-development with learning networks strategy, 3) curriculum development and learning management strategy, and 4) work development for performance outcome strategy, 3. The results after testing showed that the overview and each strategy of competency development were at high level with high perceptions, i.e. to develop teachers to be researchers strategy, work development for performance outcome strategy, curriculum development and learning management strategy, and selfdevelopment with learning networks strategy, respectively. The level of teachers' satisfactions towards strategies was at high level, i.e. work development for performance outcome strategy, self-development with learning networks strategy, to develop teachers to be researchers strategy, and curriculum development and learning management strategy, respectively. The teachers' competency evaluated from work performance in overview and each aspect were at high level, i.e. self-development aspect, analysis-synthesis and research for learners' development aspect, curriculum and learning management aspect, and performance outcomes aspect, respectively, and 4. The appropriateness and the coverage of the strategies were at highest level. The possibility and the utilization of the strategies were at high level.


: Theoretical foundations in banks' response to capital settlement suggest that the systems proposed by Basel are not sound. It is conceivable that regulators will consider alternative approaches to enhance the safety and soundness of the banking system. The regulation includes several decrees and ratios; the areas of interest encompassing the areas are subject to principal component analysis (PCA).The paper aims to present a regulatory framework based on balance sheet ratios, such as Capital requirements (equity ratio; Tier 1 ratio; Total Equity/Net Loans; Total Equity/Deposits); for liquidity needs (liquidity/deposits; liquidity/total assets; liquidity/deposits and loans, and net loans/total assets); for leverage requirements (total liabilities/total assets; total assets/equity; and total liabilities/equity); also banking restriction index; Official supervision index; Private surveillance index, finally global index of regulations and supervision. Besides, it performs a PCA analysis on a set of 13 financial ratios to exploit and compare the financial characteristics of 239 banks (175 Conventional and 64 Islamic commercial banks) in the MENA region over a 2004-2015 period. This gives the main indices EXIGCP, EXIGLIQ, LEVCP, and LEVP.


The development of shariah banking gave some positive impacts in many fields, including in reducing unemployment,since the growing number of Islamic banks could raise the number of labor employ. Unfortunatelythe equilibrium condition of labor demand and supply was not only necessary through market mechanism, butalso through the job search process, and compatibility with the existing work. Therefore, by using appliedresearch method, this study aimed to describe the opportunities and challenges of shariah banking in reducingthe unemployment rate as empirical application from one of theory unemployment, namely the Search andMatching Model theory.


Many natural and man-made cellular bodies are light-weight, shock-absorbing, multifunctional
materials, capable of undertaking large elastic deformations. These properties
are due to a complex system of local deformations which can lead to changes
in the material properties as the deformation progresses, but their study is nontrivial
since the corresponding stresses are non-trivial functions of volume fraction,
micro-geometry, and material properties of the components. For cellular bodies of
hyperelastic material, several main factors determine the magnitude of the stress
level, including the cell geometry, the cell wall thickness, and the presence of cell
inclusions. In this thesis, two nonlinear elastic parameters are identified, namely
a nonlinear elastic modulus and a nonlinear Poisson's ratio, which are defined in
terms of the large stresses and strains in the elastic cell walls, and their utility in
estimating how different competing factors may contribute to the complex mechanical
behaviour of cellular structures is investigated. For the numerical analysis, finite
element simulations of periodic, honeycomb-like structures with a small number of square, diamond, or hexagonal cells made from a nonlinear hyperelastic material are
presented. This study offers important insight into the fundamental behaviour of
cellular structures of nonlinear elastic material under large strains, and contributes
to illuminate key mechanical effects that are not visible under small strains.


The present paper uses a Malmquist index measure of productivity growth to study the productivity convergence of 25 airports in China during the period 1995–2004. By decomposing the Malmquist index, we find evidence for the convergence of the efficiency level of airports, but not the productivity and technology levels. These results imply that the more productive airports are pushing the frontiers of technology faster by adopting new technology, and that the relative efficiency level of the laggards increases quickly and catches up with the efficiency level of the leaders over time.


Runs of homozygosity (ROH) were recently proposed as genomic estimate of inbreeding that accounts for stochastic variation. In addition ROHs provide inference of more remote inbreeding than estimates obtained from pedigree. We analyzed impact of SNP chip density [Illumina BovineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip(54k chip) and BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip (777k chip)] on the inbreeding estimates calculated for 115 Tyrolean Grey bulls. Inbreeding was calculated for whole pedigree (FpedT), for five generation pedigree(Fped5), and from five ROH lengths (k>1Mb, k>2Mb, k>4Mb, k>8Mb, k>16Mb) for both SNP chips (FROHk_54 & FROHk_777). ROH greater than 1Mb representing overall inbreeding of individual cover (on average) 7.7%, 15.5%, 5.4%, 6.2%, 6.8% and 7.7% of genome for FROH1_54_0, FROH1_54_1, FROH1_777_1, FROH1_777_1, FROH1_777_2 and FROH1_777_3, respectively. Pedigree inbreeding coefficients FpedT (2.2%) and Fped5 (1.4%) indicates much lower levels. FROHs from same lengths, regardless to the SNP chip density, were showing high correlations ranging from 0.90 to 0.99. Correlations of Fped and FROH were in range between 0.73 to 0.81. We conclude that correlations between pedigree and genomic inbreeding coefficients with respect to density were approximately the same. FROH estimates of inbreeding coefficients from 777k chip were lower. The total length of ROHs >1Mb is much shorter when considering 777k chip data compared to 54k chip data. Allowing one SNP in a ROH to be heterozyous for 777k chip data results in similar levels of inbreeding as derived from 54k chip data. Given the chance of genotyping errors, it seems advisable to allow one heterozyous SNP in a ROH.


The theory of"Treating latent disease before onset"draws a worldwide attention,this theory had a great guiding meaning to the clinical practice,in order to promote the theory of"Treating latent disease before onset"apply in clinical research,it's necessary to make a discussion on the clinical application about the diagnostic of" Latent disease before onset"especially holographic diagnostics.


Based on the properties of bamboo pulp fiber and the characteristics of bamboo/polyester core-spun yarn,technological parameters in the various processes of its preparation and weaving are set down with corresponding technical measures put forward,and the problems of low weaving effciency and kinky fillng have thus be solved with a series of light fabrics for summer clothes developed successfully.


A child with a left non-palpable testis underwent surgery for an incarcerated right inguinal hernia. During the operation a left crossed ectopic testis was found at the internal ring and was brought down into the left hemiscrotum through a suprapubic tunnel. The literature is reviewed and this approach of orchidopexy of crossed testis is discussed.


In the vastness of space, there's a small speck of rock inhabited by the most peculiar lifeforms: dark little dots that start to replicate fast and begin to show signs of intelligence.


The last three decades in sports-shoes and trainer design has witnessed the humble sneaker transformed into the performance enhancing equipment of the professional sporting elite. The rhetoric of trainer manufacturers tells us that the features developed for world-class athletes are now democratised for everyday wear. The main features of this period in the cultural history of sports shoes has been defined by the competing economic and design forces of the global players Nike, Reebok and Adidas, a competition sometimes likened to the Coke and Pepsi wars. The outcome has left the average person owning at least one pair of trainers, but also a sense that these shoes possess capacities far in advance of their own. This presentation will address key factors that profoundly shifted the trainer from a sign of sporting, working-class and practical cultures to an index of global fashionability, fantasy, and object of progressive design's attention. Particular attention will be given to two frontiers of sneaker design; the trend that turns engineering interest back to the athletic foot, resulting in an increasing lightness in shoe-weight and the disappearance of feature-laden cushioning systems. Secondly, it will investigate high profile collaborations between artists, fashion designers and trainer


The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence among slash pine open-pollinated progenies at an early age. Two progeny tests were established in a randomized complete block design, single-tree plots planted in March, 2009, in a 3 x 3.0 m spacing. One test was planted in Ribeirão Branco, São Paulo State, involving 44 progenies in 40 blocks. The other one was planted in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, with 24 progenies in 32 blocks. Growth and form traits were assessed five years after planting. Genetic divergence was estimated by using the Mahalanobis distance method. Two hierarchical grouping methods were compared: UPGMA and Tocher optimization. Both of these showed similar results and identified five and ten groups, respectively in Ribeirão Branco and Ponta Grossa tests. In order to avoid losses in genetic gain in subsequent generations, crosses should be restricted to individuals belonging to families in divergent groups.


The purpose of this master's thesis has been to explore and describe how and when the
landscape architect perceives its design process as finished. During the course, my friend and
I have developed a design proposal for the development of a harbour basin (Hamnbassangen)
in Helsingborg. The main focus in the design work has been to investigate the possibilities of
developing the site in order to prevent flooding's due to the rising sea level. By examining my
design process, interviewing professional landscape architects and study theory on the
subject, I hope to find patterns of how and when the landscape architect feel satisfied with the
design process. The aim is also to get a better understanding of what happens mentally during
the design process and how to deal with the difficulties that this entails.
Initially, the work with the design of Hamnbassangen in Helsingborg is described. The reader
will be guided through what conditions the work was based on, how the design process was
perceived and finally what thoughts I had after the completed design work. A combination of
empirical studies, interviews with three professional landscape architects and literature studies
on the topic of design processes, has been the basis for answering the question:" What makes
a design process perceived as complete?" Furthermore, the studies have supported me in
reflecting upon my own design process in order to get an insight into the factors that made me
less satisfied with the design process during the work with Hamnbassangen in Helsingborg.
Conclusions that could be drawn about the design process are that the factors that generally
affect the perception of feeling complete with the process among others are; Personality,
Objectives, Time Frames, Relevant Boundaries, Teamwork, Feedback, and Overall Concept.
When these aspects function and interact constructively, the best conditions for perceiving a
design process as complete can be found. In general, it seems difficult to feel completely
finished with that result and the design process. The feeling of being finished with the work
seems to depend on the content of the design process and how you handle different events
during the design process.


The structure of transverse MHD shock waves in an initially partly ionized plasma is studied using a three-fluid model with collisional transport coefficients. This model includes the effects of non-equilibrium ionization and of ion velocity slip. A closed set of structure equations is obtained and it is shown that they have a saddle-point – saddle-point topology which prohibits direct integration. In distinction from previous MHD shock structure studies, it is not possible to reduce the number of variables in a realistic manner to allow direct integration, nor is it possible to use the method of matched asymptotic expansions. An iterative solution method is presented in this paper, based on a detailed analysis of the integral curve topology.


This paper presents electromagnetic simulation of a dielectric-filled rectangular waveguide bandpass filter structure for modern wireless system applications. Two bandpass filters have been designed and simulated at centre frequencies of 11.85 and 14.25 GHz, respectively. A significant size reduction is achieved.


I A principal obstacle to American acceptance of nuclear arms control agreements has been the difficulty of ensuring compliance. Substantive issues have taken a back seat while U.S. negotiators have expended vast intellectual and political energies negotiating verification measures that would reduce uncertainties about Soviet compliance. Now the Soviets, in a dramatic reversal of position, have agreed to farreaching and intrusive verification measures. In the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty negotiations, the Soviet Union was prepared to go even further than the United States in accepting various forms of on-site inspection. This is an extraordinarily hopeful development, but not, as its proponents seem to argue, because on-site inspection would permit the United States to prove violations of treaty norms. Instead, if the climate of openness in U.S.Soviet relations continues, inspection measures can be focused on the real problem of living under a complex treaty regime: the management of a continuing stream of disputes about the interpretation and application of its rules and practices. The argument requires a review and reassessment of U.S. policy and attitudes towards arms control verification and compliance. Antonia Handler Chayes and Abrarn Chayes


The authors present the use of pulsed-laser photothermal refraction detection in capillary liquid chromatography (LC). Separations are performed with slurry-packed capillary columns. The technique is illustrated for the separation of nitrated pyrene isomers in a synthetic coal fly ash extract continuous wave (CW) laser, photothermal refraction detection has provided for the sensitive measurement of dabsyl-amino acids (dabsyl = (dimethylamino)azobenzenesulfonyl), following separation with a microbore LC column. The work presented herein differs in that they employ for detection an excimer pumped-dye laser tuned to the near-UV absorbance maximum of the underivatized analyte of interest and (2) employ for the separation true capillary LC using slurry-packed capillary columns. Eliminating the need to derivatize the sample in order to match the wavelength of the laser, there is no need to be concerned with whether derivatization was complete and also whether the analytes of interest have been resolved from unreacted and hydrolyzed derivatizing reagent, which may be present in the sample. The capillary columns provide excellent efficiency in this application and afford the possibility of injecting extremely small sample volumes.


A special system of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and n-hexane was used to study the droplet formation in a glass T-junction microchannel with H2SO4 as the continuous phase. The effects of capillary number, flow ratio, and viscosity ratio on the droplet formation were investigated. The effect of gravity was explored by changing the flow direction in the microchannel. Results showed that the formation of transition flow pattern from squeezing to dripping is much easier for this special system compared with common aqueous/organic systems. This phenomenon is due to the considerably higher viscosity of H2SO4 than that of common aqueous phase and the higher density difference of the system compared with those of common systems. In addition to capillary number and flow ratio, gravity evidently affects the formation of droplets and flow patterns. The droplet size is smaller than that during the horizontal flow when the flow direction is consistent with gravity. By contrast, flow direction contrary to that of gravity results in larger droplet size than that at horizontal flow. This phenomenon provides guidance on the operation of these special systems in microchannels. Finally, mathematical models of droplet size at different flow patterns have been established, and these models can predict droplet size very well. This study could be helpful to extend the application of microreactors to new working systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4564–4573, 2016


Capacitor-bank driven pulsed electrical discharges in water can create high pressures, of the order of several tens of kilobars. Such pressures have industrial applications, such as in rock fragmentation. We report, for the first time, the use of such discharges to accelerate thin metallic liners to high velocities. The liners turn into high-velocity jets, which can perforate metal sheets. These experiments make use of a 15 kV, 60 kJ capacitor bank. The bank delivers energy to the load through a coaxial cable. The load is a fluid-filled cavity consisting of a right-circular cylinder, one end of which is heavily tamped. The other end is bounded by a conical copper liner. The cavity is filled with a viscous fluid. Discharge of the capacitor bank dumps energy in a small region of the fluid, producing a high pressure "hot zone". The resulting shock/pressure waves produce liner collapse and acceleration, leading to a high-velocity jet. Approximate measurements indicate that the velocity lies in the range 1.4-1.6 km/sec. We have studied the performance of these jets for metal plate perforation. Jets produced by a Cu liner can perforate up to 5 mm of Al sheet. The design and performance of this system is discussed.


This small failing detracts little from the book's value, though, for its style is always clear, and its author obviously brings a thorough knowledge to his task that invariably offers us a better understanding of the fiction. These virtues allow him to provide a more balanced, revealing, and readable discussion of Percy's canon than most previous books have been able to offer. It may also be that his seemingly simple biographical vantage, his approaching the study of one of the region's most complex writers in a most unprepossessing and strictly focused way, enables Allen to explore Percy's intricacies so tellingly. Starting in a fashion that one of Percy's characters would have termed a "little way," Allen manages to open up Percy's work in ways that should stimulate future scholarship.


transition from feudalism to capitalism in Canada, an approach which many economic historians would consider inappropriate. However, beyond the occasional reference to exploitation or extracting surplus, the approach does not interfere with the analysis. Still, one must question the degree to which the author has supported the assertion that the emerging group of industrialists sought the abolition of seigneurial tenure as being incompatible with the new capitalist order. To be sure, the need to pay 'Mods et ventes" (5 to 6 1/4 percent of the transfer price) to the seigneur when land was transferred from one censitaire to another was unattractive to industrialists who wished to build expensive plants on their land. After 1840, however, commutation to freehold tenure was possible on a voluntary basis. Montreal's leading industrialists—Redpath and Molson, for instance—commuted their holdings to freehold tenure. The seminary was not a reactionary institution, but rather recognized the forces of change and simply tried to maximize its wealth (within social and political constraints). A comparison of commutation payments with market prices was not possible, and the analysis of the timing of commutation is short, but it appears that industrialists were able to obtain freehold tenure from the seminary at reasonable prices. Why then push for forced commutation (with government subsidies) in the 1850s? There must have been some perception of a large negative externality in leaving rural censitaires within the seigneurial system. The book provides little insight into what this could have been. Due to the nature of the records, the rural censitaire receives little treatment (except to note that nonpayment of seigneurial dues was common early in the century when the seminary was unsure of its legal position). Moreover, the author recognizes that the seminary may have been atypical.


The purpose of this graduation report is to give an overview and inspiration on the route towards a resilient a attractive metropolitan [food] landscape of Amsterdam in 2050. The topic of research is the impact of climate change, unsustainable agriculture and urbanisation towards 2050, on the agricultural landscapes in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. With the challenges and the problems that arise from these, it becomes inevitable to design a transition of the [food] landscapes in the region. Therefore the following research question is defined: ''How to design a new perspective on the food landscapes in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam towards 2050 for a landscape that is resilient to the effects of climate change, to restore the ecosystem (in the freshwater) of the landscape and create opportunities for new activities to start that will strengthen the connection between cities and landscapes, for a resilient a attractive region?'' A new method is used to find solutions for the three challenges in an integrative way, as there is a lot of potential in the synergy of the solutions. The maximization method provides an overview of individual solutions for the problems in the region, which can be used if the challenges change over time. Subsequently, in the optimization phase, the solutions with the most potential to be combined are given (water storage, new food types, a circular water system, purifying nature a greenhouses). In the final integration phase, the solutions are integrated into the landscapes of the region. An innovative element in this research is the addition of scenarios for the future transition of agricultural landscapes to the maximization method to create climate resilient, purifying agriculture or recreational [food] landscapes. This, together with interviews, results in a new perspective on the [food] landscapes in the region, that is a design for the landscapes created by the synergy between the solutions for the challenges (with a focus on the purifying a climate resilient scenarios). With a new perspective, pilot projects are designed to give an example of the new perspective solutions through the scales and by using the unique characteristics of the agricultural landscapes in the region (in Waterland, Haarlemmermeer, Zaanstreek a the Beemster). In the conclusion, the new perspective combined with pilot projects will create solutions for the challenges in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam towards 2050.


Introduction:
 Acute ischemic stroke due to the occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is associated with malignant stroke and poor outcome. Without revascularization of ICA, perfusion to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is not possible.

 Objective:
 Objective of our study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of emergent extracranial carotid artery revascularization using stent and to evaluate the impact of stenting in distal cerebral perfusion.

 Method:
 From an established stroke database consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent emergent extracranial carotid artery stenting and thrombolysis/clot retrieval of the MCA and ACA from July 2007 to December 2008 were enrolled. Patients' demographics including presenting National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), degree of revascularization, hemorrhagic conversion and 30 days outcome data using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were collected.

 Result:
 Successful ICA stenting was possible in 20/21 (95%) patients. The mean age of patients was 62 plus-minus 15 years and mean NIHSS was 18 plus-minus 5. Carotid stenting facilitated successful revascularization of the MCA and ACA using TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and MERCI (mechanical embolus removal in cerebral ischemia) clot retriever device in 18 patients (85.7%), 14 (67%) of which has achieved complete recanalization in the MCA and ACA. In complete recanalization group, a 4 point or higher NIHSS improvement was observed in 11/14 (78.5%) patients. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 9.5% patients. Seven (50%) of 14 patients who achieved complete recanalization had a good outcome. Five (71%) of 7 patients who did not achieve complete recanalazation of the MCA and ACA died and had NIHSS 20 or higher. NIHSS 20 or higher was associated with incomplete recanalization of the MCA and ACA and poor outcome.

 Conclusion:
 Emergent extracranial carotid artery revascularization using stent is not only technically feasible in patients with acute ischemic stroke who present with acute carotid artery occlusion, but it also facilitates successful reestablishment of flow in the MCA and ACA with good outcome. Further study is necessary.


The electromagnetic suspension system is a typical nonlinear system,aiming at the system stability problem in traditional suspension system control method,adopt feedback liner method to establish non-linear model of high-temperature superconducting system,then design the non-linear controller.The simulation result shows that the non-linear controller based on feedback liner method has good adaptability and robustness.


The present invention relates to a replaceable printing component for an inkjet printing system. Ink-jet printing system is formed of a type having at least one replaceable part. Replaceable parts in response to the print control signals include an electrical storage device for transferring information between the printing component and the ink-jet printing system. Replaceable printing component includes parts of the non-protected electrical storage portion and protected electrical storage. The non-protected electrical storage portion responsive to write control signal and stores the information provided to it. Protected electrical storage portion 58 has a protected state in response to the occurrence of a write protect active signal. In the protection state, the protected electrical storage device prevents storage of information in the protected electrical storage portion. Protected electrical storage portion and the non-protected electrical storage portion in response to a read control signal and transmits the respective information stored in the protected electrical storage portion and the non-protected electrical storage portion in the ink-jet printing system.


The development of cost-effective, non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for sustainable technologies. Efficient screening strategies for electrocatalysts can greatly increase the commercialization speed of these advanced technologies. Here, ternary phase diagrams with large-scale tuning and designated-scale tuning strategies are applied for the first time to provide a new method for screening perovskite oxide-based electrocatalysts for OERs. Specifically, the family of double perovskites (SrFeCoNiMoO, 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 1.5) was utilized to understand the role of transition metals in perovskite oxides. Ternary phase diagrams can facilitate a rapid screening process, provide a straightforward relationship between phase structures and catalytic activities, and help to confirm the effects of various combinations of transition metals on the OER activity. The Fe-Co system (SrFeCoMoO) improves the catalytic activities, as demonstrated by the reduced Tafel slope and enhanced stability, while the Fe-Ni system (SrFeNiMoO) improves the surface kinetic properties of the OER, as demonstrated by its reduced overpotential. Significantly, the Co, Ni, and Fe ternary phase systems can serve as the synergistic coactive sites (SrFeCoNiMoO) to catalyze the OER, resulting in an improved overall OER performance. This systematic study not only demonstrates a new strategy to allow the rapid screening of double perovskite OER catalysts based on large-scale tuning and designated-scale tuning strategies but, more importantly, also provides an insightful understanding of the use of multitransition metal-based double perovskites for catalysis of the OER.


Clustering is known to conserve energy and enhance the network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Although, the topic of energy efficiency has been well researched in conventional WSN, but it has not been extensively studied. In the research, Reinforcement Learning (RL) based energy-aware clustering algorithm is proposed by which the neighboring nodes in the cluster selects an appropriate Cluster Head (CH) by observing the environmental conditions like as energy consumption and coverage that is computed as distance from the CH to the Base Station (BS). An optimal cluster is selected by each neighboring node, which minimized the energy consumption and network lifetime. The problem of selecting an optimal CH is resolved using the RL approach. Using the RL approach, the CH having the highest reward point is selected for data communication. The results show that energy saving of 7.41%, 3.27%, 4.03%, and 2.79 % is achieved for 100, 200, 300, and 400 deployed nodes, respectively.