The paper presents a general stochastic model to analyze the life cycle cost of an engineering system that is affected by minor but repairable failures interrupting the operation and a major failure that would require the replacement or renewal of the failed system. It is commonly observed that the frequency of minor failures increases with aging of the system due to cumulative effect of operational wear and tear. At the same time, system's vulnerability to major failures also increases with aging. The paper presents a composite stochastic process model in which the minor failures are modeled as a non-homogeneous Poisson process and the occurrences of major failure as a renewal process. The paper presents the derivation of the renewal equation for the expected cost. The age replacement policy is formulated to minimize the life cycle cost via a preventive replacement of the system.


In this paper, the issue of interactions of electromagnetic field with biological tissues is asked. Its interactions essentially depend on the electrical properties of the medium, themselves dependent on the frequency. The body is a loss dielectric medium. It interacts with the near field of the antenna; it will cause changing on antenna characteristics, reducing in performance and changing in impedance. This study of interaction is made with a rectangular loop antenna placed near a simplified model of the human body on ISM band especially 433MHz.


Personalized education is a new idea of higher education reform in the new era. Especially after the popularization of Chinese higher education, there are constant reforms inside schools to increase efficiency by changing the teaching methods of teachers and the learning methods of students. The purpose of this paper is to study how to implement personalized education and what specific aspects can be changed to make the school more personalized. This paper mainly adopts literature analysis and review. Through this paper, people can have a better understanding of the way to develop personalized education. This paper finds that if schools want to realize personalized education, they need to give students more autonomy to choose, change the way of education, and strengthen practical education. In addition, schools also need to create an atmosphere of personalized education, which can motivate students to become more engaged in learning. At the same time, the role of counselors is also an indispensable part of personalized education.


Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the outcome of a medial branch block (MBB) in elderly patients to determine the factors associated with the degree of pain relief. Methods: Fifty-six patients 75 years or older with MBB from January 2013 to July 2015 were classified into two groups by the degree of pain relief. The outcome of the MBB was evaluated according to clinical factors. Results: A MBB was shown to be effective for 39 (69.6%) patients. Seventeen (30.4%) were categorized in the non-effective group. The two groups were significantly different in the history of previous lumbar spine surgery but had similar ages represented (p=0.019). Conclusion: A MBB can be an effective minimally invasive intervention in elderly patients. Because the MBB seemed less effective for the patients who had a lumbar surgery, careful selection of the patients before performing a MBB is necessary to provide a higher success rate of pain relief.


Scientific workflows are today a vital tool for computational science, enabling the definition and execution of complex applications in heterogeneous and often distributed environments. A key characteristic of scientific workflow applications is that they often require the massive processing of an enormous amount of data that, in many cases, convey personal information. To allow an efficient and transparent privacy compliance check process, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution coupled with an ad-hoc index structure that makes it possible an efficient compliance check for a massive amount of data.


A melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of the epididymis in an 8-month-old child is reported. The patient was treated with radical orchiectomy. Primary involvement of the epididymis has been reported in only 10 cases previously. The therapeutic management is discussed.


Vulvar cancer is an uncommon tumor and represents 3%-5% of all female genital tract malignancies. The overall incidence is 1.5/100,000 women. Histopathologically the vast majority (90%) are squamous cell carcinomas. Primary cloacogenic carcinoma of the vulva is extremely rare with less than 20 cases reported in English literature [1]. These tumors are thought to arise from embryonic or ectopic rests of cloacogenic tissue. The majority of these reported cases is relatively indolent cancer, only one case of cloacogenic carcinoma of the vulva reported metastatic spread to the inguinal lymph nodes and none that describe distant metastases. Here we present an aggressive and diagnostically challenging case of cloacogenic carcinoma of the vulva and a review of current literature to date.


This article introduced the core values of library of vocational colleges,which were culture disseminatio n and serve for teaching and research.With the construction of material culture,institutinal culture and spiritual cul ture,the library disseminates the culture characteristic of vocational colleges.Based on these,we put forward relevant suggestions to promote the development of library of vocational colleges.


ABSTRACT Development of local energy sources from wind, Bun, tidal, bio-gas and bio-mass are wellknown today in the context of 'Technology in Rural Areas'. Some of the sources are being considered in a microscale to cater for household requirements such as solar energy to pump water or to use for lighting. However, application of technology in rural areas require certain amount of training and establishment of development centres to promote and propogate proper technologies. This paper describes the development of an energy source wherein human energy is exploited to generate electrical energy. The equipment is called as "Human Operated Generator" and used to supply a micro-electro-dialysis plant, to desalinate brackish water in remote village areas, where there is no electricity or skill to use any other equipments. It may be questioned that why not small diesel generator set for desalination of water ? The equipment is designed for rural areas where the skill to use any equipment or the resource to borr...


A manufacturer will often limit competition among downstream partners by authorizing only a select group of retailers to carry its product. However, it is not uncommon for authorized retailers to create an additional competitor by diverting units to an unauthorized seller. This paper presents an analytical model that demonstrates how diversion from authorized retailers to an unauthorized direct competitor can occur under circumstances not considered by the prior literature. In fact, diversion can represent a prisoner's dilemma whereby retailers diminish their own profit by selling to the unauthorized direct seller. The authorized retailer's profit loss actually increases as the per-unit diversion costs incurred by the authorized retailer decrease. The model also shows that the unauthorized direct seller earns greater profit by strategically procuring a unilaterally constraining quantity, even though this procurement strategy results in an equivalent increase in the quantity sold by the retailers. Combined, the results identify a new reason for diversion and its consequences for retailers and the unauthorized direct seller.


Critical analysis of the book 'Featuring Australia: The Cinema of Charies Clwuvel' by Stuart Cunningham. Publisher information: Featuring Australia: The Cinema of Charies Clwuvel, by Stuart Cunningham, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1991. ISBN 0 0444 22547. 214pp. $19.95.


In this experiment,12 self-line materials of two main cultivars in Cucurbita were crossed. There were 72 reciprocal cross combinations. The compatibility difference between reciprocal crosses and different materials,and the features of hybrid progenies were studied. The results showed that C. pepo L. was only suitable to be female parent and C. maxima D. was only suitable to be male parent in carrying out interspecific hybridization between C.pepo L. and C. maxima D. The variability of crossing compatibility was indicated by differences in percentages of setting,embryo fruit rate and embryo rate. The hybrid infertility were related to their cross compatibility. The possibility of improving C. pepo L. by crossing with C. maxima D. was also discussed in the paper.


The Fuzhou Electric Power Bureau has built a management system using GPS for rushing- to- repair cars, which not only enhances the management and improves the efficiency,but also change the management made and the working flow, and improves the satisfaction of client.


The utility model discloses a universal energy-saving motor starter which comprises a rectifying bridge pile. The input end of the rectifying bridge pile is connected on the leading-out end of a power supply or an auxiliary winding, a charging capacitor C1 and a charging resistor R1 are connected on an output anode of the rectifying bridge pile in series, the other end of the charging resistor R1 is connected with the input end 1 of an optical coupler, an output cathode of the rectifying bridge pile is connected with the input end 2 of the optical coupler, a filtering capacitor is connected between the input end 1 and the input end 2 of the optical coupler in parallel, the output end 3 of the optical coupler is connected with the leading-out end of the power supply or the auxiliary winding, and the output end 4 of the optical coupler is connected with the power supply. The universal energy-saving motor starter converts AC electricity into DC electricity and then utilizes the DC electricity to control the optical coupler in a charging manner, so as to lead the optical coupler to automatically control a loop of the AC electricity, thereby controlling the starting of a motor. By adopting the RC (remote control) charging method, the universal energy-saving motor starter greatly reduces power consumption; in addition, a starting control signal has nothing to do with the specification and power of the motor, so that the application range of the motor start is wide.


In this article, we consider the Cauchy problem to chemotaxis model coupled to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Using the Fourier frequency localization and the Bony paraproduct decomposition, we establish the global-in-time existence of the solution when the gravitational potential ϕ and the small initial data \begin{document}$(u_{0}, n_{0}, c_{0})$\end{document} in critical Besov spaces under certain conditions. Moreover, we prove that there exist two positive constants σ0 and \begin{document}$C_{0}$\end{document} such that if the gravitational potential \begin{document}$\phi \in \dot B_{p,1}^{3/p}({\mathbb{R}^3})$\end{document} and the initial data \begin{document}$(u_{0}, n_{0}, c_{0}): = (u_{0}^{1}, u_{0}^{2}, u_{0}^{3}, n_{0}, c_{0}): = (u_{0}^{h}, u_{0}^{3}, n_{0}, c_{0})$\end{document} satisfies \begin{document}$\begin{equation*}\begin{aligned} &\left(\left\|u_{0}^{h}\right\|_{\dot{B}^{-1+3/p}_{p, 1}(\mathbb{R}^3)}+\left\|\left(n_{0}, c_{0}\right)\right\|_{\dot{B}^{-2+3/q}_{q, 1}(\mathbb{R}^3) \times \dot{B}^{3/q}_{q, 1}(\mathbb{R}^3)}\right)\\ &\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \times\exp\left\{C_{0}\left(\left\|u_{0}^{3}\right\|_{\dot{B}^{-1+3/p}_{p, 1}(\mathbb{R}^3)}+1\right)^{2}\right\} \leq \sigma_{0}\end{aligned}\end{equation*}$ \end{document} for some \begin{document}$p, q$\end{document} with \begin{document}$1 \frac{2}{3}$\end{document} and \begin{document}$\frac{1}{\min\{p, q\}}-\frac{1}{\max\{p, q\}} \le \frac{1}{3}$\end{document} , then the global existence results can be extended to the global solutions without any small conditions imposed on the third component of the initial velocity field \begin{document}$u_{0}^{3}$\end{document} in critical Besov spaces with the aid of continuity argument. Our initial data class is larger than that of some known results. Our results are completely new even for three-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system.


The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has published a report on the paediatric workforce. The report is based on figures from the college's 2015 workforce census, Office for National Statistics data, and information from the college's trainee recruitment processes.

Hospital admissions for children in England rose by 25% between 2013/14 and 2015/16, from …


This paper presents of pipeline supports on the dredger - special purpose vessel. The paper consists of theoretical part, load calculation and analysis of supports by finite element method. Theoretical part describes ship characteristics and systems which are specific for the dredger. Different supports which are used on dredgers are also described in this graduate thesis. Modelling of supports and pipes as well as analysis by finite element method is conducted in the software Autodesk Inventor software.


The charges on rain, as measured by Simpson and by Hutchinson and Chalmers, during periods when point discharge occurs, can be accounted for quantitatively on reasonable assumptions in terms of the process of ion capture. The results show that the separation of charge must operate at levels down to about 800 m, and the consequences of this are discussed in relation to theories of the process of separation of charge.


AbstractObjectives :Qi gong is generally considered to be safe in most people when learned from a qualified instructor. But abnormal psychosomatic responses or mental disorder may be induced when Qigong is practiced inappropriately, excessively, or when practiced unguided in predisposed individuals. Here we reported a case of Qigong-induced Mental Disorder (QIMD). A woman who had not had a psychiatric disease, by chanc e started Qigong practice, and felt raising- Qisymptoms, including headache. Methods :We identified the unique characteristics of QIMD and discusses differences with other diseases such as somatoform disorder and schizophrenia. Results :To conclude, QIMD does not come under current somatoform disord er subtypes and schizophrenia.Conclusions :It has distinct characters that occurring after Qigong practice , symptoms of upper body, feeling that something to rise up.Key Words:Qigong, Qigong-Induced Mental Disorder, Differential Diagnosis, Somatoform disorder, Schizophrenia.


Records of new STD patients attending the Base Hospital, Barrackpore, near Kolkata between 1991 and 2000 were analysed to examine the pattern of STDs among them. Among 567 new STD patients examined, syphilis predominated, followed by gonorrhoea, chancroid, genital warts, lymphogramuloma venereum and herpes genitalis. Non- gonococcal urethritis constituted 4.2% of study population. The overall HIV seropositivity showed a rising treads in the recent past.


LAY SUMMARY Cut-offs were established for the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) by examining it with other clinical measures in 189 patients, including 69 Veterans, who attended a four-week interdisciplinary chronic pain management program. By dividing the PSEQ scores into low, medium, and high ranges, the authors examined the PSEQ's association with fear of movement/re-injury (kinesiophobia), pain interference, and pain catastrophizing at admission and discharge from the program. Kinesiophobia was found to be most related to the proposed cut-offs. Findings support the use of PSEQ cut-offs when considering self-efficacy and kinesiophobia. Future research should evaluate these cut-offs with larger samples and functional/occupational measures. The findings show promise for individuals with chronic pain and continue to increase the understanding of the clinicians who work with them.


ABSTRACT The toluene-degrading strain Rhodococcus opacus PWD4 was found to hydroxylate d-limonene exclusively in the 6-position, yielding enantiomerically pure (+)trans-carveol and traces of (+) carvone. This biotransformation was studied using cells cultivated in chemostat culture with toluene as a carbon and energy source. The maximal specific activity of (+) trans-carveol formation was 14.7 U (g of cells [dry weight])−1, and the final yield was 94 to 97%. Toluene was found to be a strong competitive inhibitor of thed-limonene conversion. Glucose-grown cells did not form anytrans-carveol from d-limonene. These results suggest that one of the enzymes involved in toluene degradation is responsible for this allylic monohydroxylation. Another toluene degrader (Rhodococcus globerulus PWD8) had a lower specific activity but was found to oxidize most of the formedtrans-carveol to (+) carvone, allowing for the biocatalytic production of this flavor compound.


MDR1, which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is involved in multidrug resistance (hydrophobic), as well as the elimination of xenotoxic agents. The association between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms


To historians, Wilhelm Dilthey is known for his defense of the autonomy of history against a methodology of the natural sciences by advocating the method of intuitive understanding. In this essay attention will be drawn to some other aspects of Dilthey's thought, namely his conception of the structuredness of human life and history, his view of culture, of historical significance, and of social change. Dilthey's basis for considering these questions was his interest in the total course of history and, more specifically, in the coherence making the happenings of the past a true history instead of a mere succession of events. Dilthey viewed human history as the outer manifestation of a restless movement of an underlying force which he called "life." Life could never remain in the place where it found itself; being alive, it had to move on continuously to embody itself in new forms. To Dilthey, the life creating history was a spontaneous and self-generating creativity not subject to the mechanical laws of nature. As a result of his conception of life, Dilthey had to elaborate an appropriate method by which to investigate the structure of human history. In the Introduction to the Human Studies (1883), Dilthey developed the method of intuitive understanding applicable to historical phenomena such as a work of art, an historical person, or an event. But this method could not contribute much to the insight into the structure of history sought by Dilthey. Most of his thoughts on this latter topic are contained in essays written at the end of his life, such as "The Structure of the Historical World in the Human Studies" (1910).1 In the following pages I shall focus on the Introduction and his later, lesser-known studies. According to Dilthey, the study of the overall structure of history had until that time been the concern of the philosophers of history. The immanent structures they had found made history intelligible either by being providen-


In this paper, we extend Darbo's fixed point theorem via weak JS-contractions in a Banach space. Our results generalize and extend several well-known comparable results in the literature. The technique of measure of non-compactness is the main tool in carrying out our proof. As an application, we study the existence of solutions for a system of integral equations. Finally, we present a concrete example to support the effectiveness of our results.


The braking efficiency of vehicles is an important indicator guaranteeing high traffic safety. One of the determining parameters for achieving maximum braking efficiency is the temperature of the elements of the braking system. Achieving the maximum braking performance the temperature of the parts of the braking system must be maintained in the optimal range, any deviation from this range results in a deterioration of the braking performance of the vehicle, which influences the safety of the traffic. The temperature of the brake discs is one of the critical variables of the system, so it is essential to monitor the temperature variation during the movement of the car. The present study aims to develop an integrated system for monitoring the temperature of the brake discs while the vehicle is moving. Through the implementation of such a system in an experimental car, a research database will be formed for the change of the temperature of the brake discs at different speeds and braking modes.


A case of polypoid endocervical adenomyoma (PEA) in the uterine cervix was encountered in the uterine cervix of a 56‐year‐old woman. Grossly, a well‐circumscribed polypoid tumor was observed protruding from the uterine cervix. Based on the findings of imaging studies, it was assumed to be an adenoma malignum in the uterine cervix. The tumor was composed of a mixture of proliferating glands of endocervical type and fascicles of smooth muscle. No distinct nuclear anaplasia, architectural abnormality or any evidence of destructive stromal invasion was observed. Adenoma malignum, which shows a gastric phenotype with immunoreactivity for HIK‐1083, was a serious diagnostic possibility. In the present case, the tumor was a well‐circumscribed polypoid lesion, with no cytologic or architectural abnormality; however, focal immunoreactivity was shown for HIK‐1083, which thus suggested it to be PEA. Therefore, the results of these ancillary diagnostic modalities should be interpreted with caution and combined with the gross and light microscopy findings.


Information and communication technologies (ICT) as an aid to teaching models can provide valuable learning. E-learning was only linked to the use of personal computers. It is now supported by systems that promote the creation of learning networks, interaction, communication, and access to platforms from mobile devices. But also in E-learning is outlined as a teaching and learning modality that can represent all or part of the educational model to which it is applied, and use electronic media and devices to facilitate access to, and the evolution and improvement of, the quality of education and training. Elearning is a methodology that involves employing network technologies to create, foster, deliver, and facilitate learning anytime. The present study aim to determine the effectiveness of E-Teaching and learning during lockdown among selected school students. A descriptive research design was conducted among100 school students. A non-probability convenient sampling was used to select the sample. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic variable and associate E-teaching and learning. The study result shows, statistically significant association with effect of E-Teaching and Learning among school students at p<0.01.Thereby, this indicates that the moderate level of learning in E-Teaching and learning.


Objective: To assess the incidence of POF,and make an animal model of POF.Methods: Female SD rats(28-days) received identical intraperitoneal injection of three chemicals,VCD,sesame oil and physiological saline,and then the variety of estrous cycle in these three groups was observed.The rats' peripheral blood in these three groups was obtained after intraperitoneal injection in 20-days,40-days and 60 days,to test the diversity of hormone levels(FSH,LH,E2,P).The sections of the rats' ovarian and uterus were made after intraperitoneal injection VCD in 20-days,40-days and 60-days,and the diversity of histology in rats'ovarian and uterus was then observed,and the number of apoptosis cells and ovarian follicles was counted.Results: In the 60-day after intraperitoneal injection VCD,estrous cycle in disorder was 75% of the rats,and the volume of ovarian and uterus in 60-days group was all atrophied compared with the control group;In the 60-day after intraperitoneal injection VCD,the level of FSH in rats' peripheral blood was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.05);The number of primordial follicle and growing follicle in rats' ovarian with VCD injection was significantly fewer than that in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion: VCD can induce premature ovarian failure in the rat,which can be an appropriate animal model to study the incidence of POF.


A locally repairable code (LRC) with locality r allows for the recovery of any erased symbol of a codeword by accessing only r other symbols of the same codeword. The LRCs achieving the Singleton-like bound are said to be optimal. In this paper, we completely characterize the locality of any constacyclic codes of length ps over finite fields. Using this characterization, we determine all the optimal constacyclic LRCs of prime power lengths over finite fields, i.e., there are no other optimal constacyclic LRCs of prime power length except for those we characterized in this paper. We classify all the optimal constacyclic LRCs into seven classes. The first six classes of constacyclic LRCs classified in this paper have unbounded length, and can achieve smaller locality comparing to those codes constructed by Luo, Xing and Yuan, which also provide unbounded length.


Article shows the results of the research of current state of Ukrainian banking system at the context of key criteria, drawing attention to the feasibility of implementing a systematic approach to analytical evaluation of its behavior. Factors which have affected performance indicators have been analyzed, indicating possible ways to overcome the crisis.


The utility model provides a hard disk rapid fixing device; the structure of the hard disk rapid fixing device consists of a hard disk fixing frame (1), a demountable fixing frame (2) and a hard disk radiating backplate (3); the computer hard disk is fixed together with a server case (4) through the hard disk fixing frame (1), the demountable fixing frame (2) and the hard disk radiating backplate (3); the demountable fixing frame (2) is arranged at two sides of the hard disk fixing frame (1); the hard disk is clamped and fixed between the demountable fixing frame (2) and the hard disk fixing frame (1); the hard disk radiating backplate (3) is clamped and fixed at the upper parts of the hard disk, the demountable fixing frame (2) and the hard disk fixing frame (1). The hard disk rapid fixing device of the utility model is characterized in that the hard disk rapid fixing device of the utility model is reasonable in design, simple in structure, convenient in demounting and mounting, and good in radiating performance, etc, so that the hard disk rapid fixing device of the utility model has very good values of popularization and use.


An organic switching memory device includes a plurality of first electrode lines; organic memory layer, an organic memory layer formed on the plurality of first electrode lines has a voltage - current hysteresis characteristic; memory layer stacked on the organic semiconductor diode layer, and a plurality of second electrode lines formed on the semiconductor diode layer, the plurality of second electrode lines are arranged in the same direction, so as to intersect with the plurality of first electrode lines.


Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide designs have shown merit in highly integrated photonic devices and the associated manufacturing technique has achieved an acceptable level of maturity in the microphotonic industry. Thus, the sharp bending of SOI waveguides and/or deflection of light between SOI waveguides are the considerable interest for practical integrated SOI components. In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed for studying a variety of SOI rib waveguide corner mirror structures. Using the model, the precise positioning of the reflector is first studied, then the minimum acceptable reflector length and width are analyzed, and finally an effective reflecting interface (ERI) is found and determined by considering Goos-Hanchen effect. After being optimized with respect to the parameters: dimension (the length and width), position, surface roughness and tilt angle of mirror plane, and material refractive index of reflector, and their relations, the transfer efficiency of the corner mirror can achieve over 96% and 92% at the mirror-plane tilt-angles of respective 0deg and 1deg over a wide range of the corner angles of 80-120deg even accounting for the 100-Aring surface roughness of reflector is considered. The results of the model are validated via a full simulation using the commercial software tool: OptiFDTD.


Shainin's variables search methodology (SVSM) is a powerful tool for spotting the key or critical process parameters or variables (such as Red X, Pink X and Pale Pink X) from a large list of process parameters. It has been argued that the variables search methodology developed by Dorian Shainin provides a powerful, yet simple approach that lends itself to easier implementation in an industrial environment. This paper illustrates how SVSM has been employed in identifying the influencing variables that control the joint strength of honeycomb composite tongue and slot joints within an aerospace company. The results of the study have provided the stimulus for the wider application of this approach in other business processes within the company.


A case study of a leaky fluvioglacial aquifer concentrates on methods of estimating the zonated log10‐transmissivities of a regional‐scale ground‐water model covering 450 km2. Mainly three estimation methods are discussed: (a) kriging based on local measurements and predictions, (b) hydrologic inversion (i.e., nonlinear regression) based on head data, and (c) hydrologic inversion based on head data and on prior estimates from kriging. (a) Due to the shortage of data which is usual in heterogeneous aquifers, the present study questions the practical value of forming zonal kriging estimates from local data whenever estimates are to be used as an input to ground‐water models. In some parts of the homogeneous aquifers local data are sufficient to make such estimates, (b) In this study zonal hydrogeological parameters can be estimated by inversion based on head data. However, inaccuracies in head data may seriously damage the reliability of estimated parameters and, as a consequence, the ground‐water model, (c) Using zonal kriging estimates as prior information in the regression reduces the width of the confidence intervals of the parameters with prior information by up to 75%. The study indicates, however, that using prior information in the estimation of the hydrologic model parameters only minimally reduces the uncertainty of the predicted hydraulic heads.


This article describes the development of the Eating Maturity Questionnaire, a self-reported measurement of eating maturity that initiates and gives direction to human eating behaviors. The Eating Maturity Questionnaire was designed to study individuals' biological and psychosocial motives for eating. The Eating Maturity Questionnaire is a 21-item tool with satisfactory psychometric values (Cronbach's α coefficients between 0.83 and 0.88) consisting of two subscales: Rational Eating and Psychosocial Maturity. Eating Maturity Questionnaire results may be used to design programs that target eating behaviors and body mass modification.


In this paper we examine empirically the population-level structure of sexual networks and explore the role it may play in fostering explaining the observed discrepancies. Indeed the relationship between sexual behaviors and epidemic outcomes depends not only on the number or type of partners someone has but also on the behaviors of these partners of partners partners and the emerging network of interconnections. Numerous models in mathematical epidemiology have shown the striking nonlinear implications of such connectivity patterns for infection dynamics and disease control. Early in the epidemic Caldwell has also suggested that variations in the general organization of sexuality might be responsible for large differentials in prevalence between Western and Eastern Africa. Despite this theoretical significance however we have very little idea of what such networks actually look like in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is likely due to the fact that virtually all the existing data on sexual behaviors in Africa comes from individual-centered surveys. And even though a few recent studies have tried to deduce global network properties from such local designs statistical work has shown that such inferences are quite hazardous. (excerpt)


Introduction The genus Conostegia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) includes shrubs and trees distributed in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, N Andes and Brazil (Schnell, 1996). At present, Conostegia contains about 40 species (Schnell, 1996; Mabberley, 1997), although over 100 names have been applied to the genus in the past. However, the elevated number of species has been explained as a probable misinterpretation of the intraspecific variation that occurs in some species (Schnell, 1996). The name Conostegia , which is derived from the Greek words κονοσ = cone and στeγοσ = roof, was chosen by D. Don (1823) for grouping species characterized by flowers having their sepals fused into a cone-shaped calyptra (Fig 9.1 A–D). Despite the fact that a calyptrate calyx is present in other genera of the Melastomataceae, such as Bellucia, Blakea , Centronia , Henriettea , Llewellynia , Miconia and Pternandra (Schnell, 1996; Penneys et al., 2010), the peculiar calyx of Conostegia has long been regarded as a useful character for segregating Conostegia from other non-calyptrate species of Melastomataceae (Don, 1823). Species of Conostegia are immediately recognizable by the character combination of terminal inflorescences, flowers often multistaminate, calyx clearly circumscissily dehiscent at anthesis, anthers isomorphic and unappendaged, ovary inferior and berry fruits (Almeda, 2008).


The macro-mechanical behavior of 3D braided carbon fiber(C_f)/SiC under tensile loading was characterized based on tensile tests. A damage evolution model was proposed according to the test results and fracture graph. Test results show that linear relationship between unload modul and unload stress, the residual strain can be expressed as a second order function of tensile stress. Microcracks mainly initiate near the braid node and develop along the interface between fiber bundles and matrix, till they converge on braid node, which leads to the breaks of specimen.


Electrical Controlling and Programmable Controller" is a more applied professional course in electrical engineering and automation. Exploration and summary are introduced for course teaching of "Electrical Controlling and Programmable Controller". Firstly, the teaching contents and outline adjusted, the methods of teaching and exam are improved. Secondly, reforming practice teaching, doing well laboratory construction, strengthening segment of experiment, reforming the segment of course design and practice, programming and simulation testing are introduced in this segment. Lastly this paper expounds the construction of teachers' team.


Most modern programming languages require efficient automatic memory management (garbage col GC) as part of the runtime system. Since GC is very memory intensive it can potentially suffer significantly fro memory access times. Unfortunately memory performance develops at a slower pace than processor speed, ing memory accesses relatively more and more expensive in the future. Active Memory architectures aim to ov this problem by placing additional computational power in memory, thus allowing the application to execute sm memory-intensive functions closer to the data and in parallel. The goal is to improve latency and bandwidth grams that can otherwise suffer from memory accesses. To date, Active Memory has been studied only with databases, image processing, arithmetic computations, a very regular applications. In this paper, we propose to analyze its impact on garbage collection. We are convin garbage collection too will profit from this architecture since GC is simple, repetitive, easy to partition into offloa functions, and its performance depends crucially on fast memory access. We describe a possible incarnat Active Memory architecture suitable for GC support and argue why GC should benefit from such an architect


CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES SUCH AS TRISOMY 21 (Down syndrome), other autosomal trisomies, sex chromosome abnormalities, and balanced and unbalanced translocations can be prenatally diagnosed. For many individuals, the availability of prenatal diagnosis removes the fear of having a child with a severe physical or mental disability. For chromosome abnormalities that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the public's acceptance of prenatal diagnosis has been well established during the past 4 decades during which testing has been available. Current standards of care involve screening women to identify those at highest risk of having a fetus with a chromosome abnormality and then offering definitive diagnosis through the analysis of a chorionic villus sample or amniotic fluid cells. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that all women be offered aneuploidy screening through various combinations of maternal serum tests and sonographic measurements. However, these screening tests are associated with relatively high false-positive rates and often involve multistep protocols that may take weeks to complete. Obtaining chorionic villus or amniocentesis specimens is expensive and requires an invasive procedure that carries a small risk to the fetus and the possibility of adverse maternal effects. Moreover, these invasive tests are usually not provided until late in the first trimester or second trimester. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling have therefore imposed a rate-limiting step in the provision of prenatal diagnosis; in general only those patients at the highest risk of having a fetus with Down syndrome or another disorder of major clinical significance have been tested. For more than 30 years, these problems have spurred attempts to develop noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. The discovery of substantial amounts of conceptus-derived nucleic acids (DNA and RNA mostly from trophoblasts) in maternal blood has resulted in proof of principle and also in the development of noninvasive tests. Currently, it is possible to determine fetal sex, establish Rh genotype of the fetus, and diagnose genetic disorders or carrier status for paternally inherited mutations. A number of strategies have been proposed for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidy, including an RNA-based method for Down syndrome detection, which is expected to be commercially available within a year. The benefits of a noninvasive prenatal diagnosis are clear. It eliminates the dangers associated with invasive testing, and it allows for definitive diagnoses earlier in pregnancy, thus resulting in safer terminations of affected pregnancies, reduction of parental anxiety, and decreased medical costs. As a result, uptake of the testing is likely to be higher, which can translate into additional health and economic benefits for both individuals and, indirectly, society at large. The introduction of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis would require the ill-prepared medical system to change how patients are counseled and how cases are managed. Additionally, significant ethical issues are associated with noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. In this Commentary, we discuss these effects with a focus on the forthcoming introduction of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for fetal Down syndrome.


Synthesis 2003, No. 12, Print: 02 09 2003. Web: 30 07 2003. Art Id.1437-210X,E;2003,0,12,1875,1877,ftx,en;Z03603SS.pdf. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40981 © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: A variety of alkyl and aryl sulfoxides have been successfully deoxygenated using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a reducing agent and a catalytic amount of either NBS or I2 (5–10 mol%) in MeCN at ambient temperature. Under the described reaction condition, acid sensitive substrates such as acetals remained intact after several hours.


Refuse is a key theme, image and structural device in the Spanish-Argentine writer Andres Neuman's novel Bariloche (1999), whose protagonist is a waste collector in Buenos Aires. My contention, though, is that waste not only fulfils a narrative function, but in fact constitutes what Bruno Latour terms a 'network', a web of interactions between discursive, natural and social processes. Bringing together close literary analysis with insights from environmental criticism (Stacy Alaimo and Jane Bennett) and sociology (Zygmunt Bauman and Martin O'Brien), this paper reveals the complex interactions between the human and non-human world in the novel's urban setting.


The quality of education in majority of North Rift secondary schools has been wanting over the last five years depicted by poor academic results in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of evaluation activities on curriculum implementation in selected North Rift counties public secondary schools. A pragmatic research paradigm utilising mixed method research methodology guided this study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 10% of 3469 secondary schools in the region. Simple random sampling was used to select teachers from each of the 35 sampled schools making a total of 349 out of 3469 teachers in the selected counties. All the principals of sampled schools (35) were included in the study. Fourteen sub county quality assurance and standards officers were selected through purposive sampling method. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from education officers, principals and teachers. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found out that curriculum implementation was directly influenced by the school evaluation. However, all statistics were significant implying that to a moderate degree, utility of quality assurance and standards practice had significant influence on curriculum implementation in public secondary schools in the three counties. The research concluded that for curriculum to be effectively implemented, internal quality assurance and standards practices played a huge role. The study recommends that principals need to ensure they provide timely feedback on evaluation to teachers.


When you are writing assignments at university, you will need to include references to information you have read. Because there is often a large amount of information to choose from, you need to learn to choose your sources wisely. The sources you choose should not only be relevant, but also credible, which means trustworthy or reliable.


Summary: Purpose: We wished to assess the reliability of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification system applied to infantile seizures and to test a proposed new classification.


Fly ash is the major solid product from the burning of coal. The present focus of Fly ash is on its use as a cementations material. Fly ash is a fairly green material because it offers a carbon dioxide footprint 93 CO2e per ton (kg) compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at 959 CO2e per ton (kg) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) at 155 CO2e per ton (kg) and because its' commercial use will cancel the need to place the material in a landfill. To evaluate its stability, portions of various fly ashderived materials were exposed to extremely high concentrations of possible environmental detractors. This form of testing is one method of gaining accelerated time data. OPC was used as the control. The materials were tested against saturated solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium chloride and high concentrated solutions (10 M) of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide. All of the tested materials were stable for over two months in the sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium hydroxide. One of the samples was stable in 10M nitric acid and one was stable in both 10M nitric acid and sulfuric acid. By comparison, OPC crumbles rapidly in both nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Thus, some of the test materials show much greater stability under quite harsh conditions in comparison to OPC. Further testing is underway. Setting Our aging concrete-based infrastructure is continuing to decay and in desperate need of repair and rehabilitation. This includes bridges, dams, roads and commercial buildings. Most need repair and many will need to be replaced due to long-term deterioration. Our overall efforts are aimed on developing a multi-functional material for use by present and


Computer simulation is discussed as an alternative to methodologies upon which ergonomic design of industrial man-made systems has traditionally relied. The development of computer simulation models suitable for representing human operators in industrial process simulations are developed and presented. Use of these models is demonstrated through the use of a particular simulation technique entitled, ''Systems Analysis of Integrated Networks of Tasks'' (SAINT). This simulation pseudo-language is a combination network modeling and simulation technique designed for the analysis of man-machine systems. A survey of literature relevant to the design and analysis of man-machine systems is provided in Chapter II. Chapter III provides a brief review of the literature on simulation of man-machine systems and describes the SAINT simulation technique used. The development of the human operator models (referred to as Smart SAINT) and their use as a design aid is described in Chapters IV, V, VI. An example of the use of Smart SAINT is shown in Chapter VII where its design aiding is illustrated. Soaking pit scheduling is used to demonstrate how the technique can be used to simulate a complex man-machine system. Chapter VIII presents conclusions based on the research, and recommendations for further research. 166 references. (MCW)


A 25-year-old patient was referred to our outpatient clinic because of unexplained exercise intolerance and occasional left-side chest pain. The chest pain never occurred during exercise but rather started 30 minutes after the end of the exercise and could last for several days. Because of the exercise intolerance the patient limited his sports activity. The examination by the primary care physician did not reveal any underlying cause for the symptoms. In his past medical history, successful radiofrequency ablation of a right posterior accessory pathway due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is noteworthy without any recurrence in seven years. Clinical examination and echocardiography showed normal findings. Arterial blood pressure was 134/85 mm Hg and heart rate regular at 60/min. In the resting electrocardiography (ECG), recorded in recumbent position, we found sinus bradycardia with a heart rate of 57/min and previously known T wave inversions in the inferior leads III and aVF (fig. 1). The ECG recorded in upright position before the exercise test showed additional T wave inversions in leads V4–V6 (fig. 2) with complete normalisation of all T wave inver-


An advanced suspension system with adjustable fuzzy control algorithm is designed to improve vehicle comfort and road holding capability. It not only can reflect the advantage of fuzzy logic in nonlinearity system but also can improve the disadvantage of common fuzzy control method strongly depending on the experience. In this paper, taking the ride comfort and road handing as system control objective, the system control mechanism is discussed. For two degree-of-freedom vehicle model, the simulation of vehicle performance under road signal is studied, its results show the advanced suspension system can effectively control the vibration of vehicle system, especially the acceleration of the sprung mass.


Community pharmacists have become increasingly exposed to opioid use disorders in recent decades. However, both pharmacist training and traditional practice environments have not been adequate to prepare the pharmacist for both the patient care needs and regulatory barriers of patients experiencing opioid use disorders (OUD). As a result, there is a need to increase pharmacists' awareness of both the overall patient experience as they navigate their OUD and the role of the community pharmacy as a touchpoint within that experience. To this end, a Community-Centered Patient Journey in Drug Addiction Treatment journey map was developed with expert insights, clinical experience, and in-depth interviews (conducted in spring of 2021) with 16 participants enrolled in licensed opioid treatment programs in Tennessee. Patients, policymakers, clinicians, and academic researchers were involved in the map development. Lived experiences of key informants were captured via in-depth interviews. A consensus decision-making approach was used throughout the patient journey map development process. The final patient journey map illustrates a non-linear pathway, describes the central role of the patient's community, and emphasizes three major "pain points" within the system (access, adherence, and affordability). Future research should investigate the impact of such a journey map on pharmacy personnel's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.


This article focuses on the work situation of metal mining deep prospecting,roles of several common geologies in mineral formation and problems need to be payed attention to in prospecting work under different geologic process,in order to provide reference to the future metallic ore deposit prospecting in deep.


The major proportion of western Amazon forests grow on fluvial deposits and thus originated in floodplain environments. The fluviodynamic character of the sites initially colonized by plants was studied along different river types, and this information was combined with botanical observations from the same areas. Special emphasis was given to colonizing plant distribution and survival in relation to the abiotic environment. Four frequently occurring landform types, each rich in microforms, were recognized in relation to the colonization process : fluvial bars, swales, abandoned channels and riverbanks (...)


The taxonomists have different opinions about the classification of Trib.Polygoneae.This paper introdutes the research development about Trib.Polygoneae since Polygonum was set up.The phytogenetic classification of Trib.Polygoneae still needs further research.


In the practical aerospace industry, the supersonic rarefied effect presents multiscale characteristics from the near-continuous regime to the free molecular regime. In this paper, a simple hydrodynamic-particle method (SHPM) is proposed to efficiently capture the multiscale properties for the supersonic rarefied flow. To combine the conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with the particle-based method, the weights are theoretically derived from the integral solution of the Boltzmann-BGK equation. The present numerical method is validated by test cases of supersonic shock wave structure, Sod shock-tube and supersonic flow around the circular cylinder. Numerical results demonstrate that the SHPM could capture the multiscale properties from the continuum regime to the rarefied regime.


Private ownership of mineral rights has been one of the key enablers of the shale boom in North America because landowners have a direct financial incentive to encourage drilling on their property. This feature makes the US market different than the rest of the world. Brown, Fitzgerald, and Weber (2015) and Brown et al. (2016) show that royalties are an important source of income for rural economies, and they also document substantial cross-sectional differences in mean royalty rates across states using data on leasing through 2011. Since shales differ widely across states along several dimensions, it is unclear whether landowners in states like Ohio are receiving lower royalty rates than places like Texas because of economic fundamentals like geology and cost or some other unexplained crossstate heterogeneity. If it is the latter, voters in these areas may wish to consider policies that increase their share of resource rents.


Meat species in processed food products have been gaining an increasing interest mainly due to public health, economic and legal concerns, but also due to religious reasons. In the recent years there was an increasing demand for healthier meat products. Formulation of healthier meat products based on processing strategies is one of the most important current approaches to the development of potential meat-based functional foods. The main objective of the study was to characterize different type of meat and to use that to obtain a meat product-smoked sausage. The physico-chemical analyses highlighted the moisture content (drying-oven at 105 ÂoC), protein (Kjeldahl method) and fat (Soxhlet method) content and sodium chloride content (Mohr method) of the meat and the final product. Sensory analyses of the samples as well as control sample were evaluated by 17 untrained panellists using a 9 point hedonic scale. Following this study, it was noted an improvement of organoleptic characteristics (texture and appearance) as well as physico-chemical and sensorial properties of the new product compared with the limits stipulated.


Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxieity are secondary phenomena following the primary pathogenesis, including the effects of genetic and environmental factors of type 2 diabetes. However, there exist two theories: (1) Lipotoxicity, presents before blood glucose rising, may trigger off a chain reaction which results in hyperglycemia. Hence the term " diabetes mellipidus" was proposed. (2) Hyperglycemia is a prerequisite for lipotoxicity. It seems more appropriate to state that (1) the glucotoxieity and iipotoxicity may present separately or concurrently in type 2 diabetes; (2) The combined glucolipotoxicity should describe the deleterious actions by higher levels of both glucose and free fatty acids on β-cell function, which finally causes progressive deterioration of insulin secretion.

Key words:
Glucotoxicity;  Lipotoxicity;  Islet β-cells function


Pediatric dentists often encounter with traumatic injuries. Explosive material injuries are seen very rare than other types. Tissue damage in the explosion is because of blast injury, penetrating injury and thermal burn injury. In our study we described pediatric case exposed to blast effect. After multiple finger injury treatment performed, left central maxillary incisor fracture was treated with composite resin restoration. At sixth month control visit, adequate soft tissue support was provided and no color discoloration, fracture or abscess formation was seen. As a result of this case report, the blast injury that rarely seen in pediatric patients in dentistry can be repair properly with appropriate restoration techniques. J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3(2): 280-283


The semiconductor industry is not only involved in the economical turmoil but has at the same time to deal with some steep technological barriers as well as challenging society demands in the fields of for example health, energy, security and privacy. However, it is exactly these societal trends that bring huge opportunities to the industry. To name a few: power management in hybrid cars, smart power management in homes and buildings, photo-voltaic electricity, secure data transfer, bio-metric data protection, bio electronic diagnostic devices, e-pill and so on.


Many countries of the world are now promoting themselves as international medical centres and attracting patients from across the globe. With competition in medical tourism intensifying further, India must conquer a share of the international medical services market to stay in the competition. The present study tries to find the reasons why the inbound patients, especially from the developed world (notably the USA, Europe, and Britain) consider India as a remedial destination. The study also tries to find how far the considerations of cost and quality in this sector matter to all inbound patients. The study has tried to identify important factors, like the low waiting time for seeking treatment, the potential for savings and the quality of medical facilities on offer, which patients from abroad consider decisive while choosing India for the purpose of medical aid.


channel structures. The invention discloses a microfluidic (21) Appl. No.: 10/525,400 channel system with a high aspect ratio as well as a process (22) PCT Filed: Aug. 21, 2003 for producing the microfluidic system. The process accord ing to the invention enables the production of channel (86). PCT No.: PCT/EPO3/09263 structures with aspect ratios of any magnitude without the process being limited by the manufacturing conditions to (30) Foreign Application Priority Data certain materials for the channel system. The channel system can thus be optimally adapted to a desired field of applica Aug. 23, 2002 (DE)..................................... 102 38 825.3 tion.


Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplastic disease manifested by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, production of monoclonal immunoglobulins, and associated organ dysfunction. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) has demonstrated an important role in angiogenesis and neoplastic diseases. Aim The aim of this work was to calculate the expression of PDGFR-β in bone marrow trephine biopsy samples of newly diagnosed patients with MM and its clinical significance. Patients and methods A total of 20 newly diagnosed patients with MM were enrolled in this study. The expression of PDGFR-β on plasma cells in bone marrow trephine biopsy samples was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Our results showed a statistically significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, beta 2 microglobulin, and clonal plasma cell percentage in bone marrow of patients with high PDGFR-β expression in comparison with patients with negative and intermediate PDGFR-β expression and statistical significant decrease in albumin and prognostic-free survival in patients with high PDGFR-β expression in comparison with patients with negative and intermediate PDGFR-β expression. Conclusion Patients with MM with high PDGFR-β expression had unfavorable prognosis in terms of prognostic-free survival and advanced disease stage compared with intermediate and low PDGFR-β expressions.


ABCC4 is an ABC transporter of the C sub‐family that is ubiquitously expressed and exports key endogenous compounds including cAMP and prostaglandins, and cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. cAMP and prostaglandins are signaling molecules that, among other functions, regulate thymocyte development and function. Thymocyte progenitors, IL7 receptor positive cells, migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus and give rise to mature T‐cells. The maturation of thymocytes can be followed by monitoring for the presence of surface markers CD4 and CD8. Briefly, thymocytes are initially double negative (DN) cells, with neither CD4 nor CD8; after T‐cell receptor rearrangement, CD4 and CD8 are expressed on double positive cells (DP), which following positive and negative selection, become mature, single positive (SP) cells expressing either CD4 or CD8. Abcc4 is highly expressed in DP and CD4‐positve thymocytes, while being undetectable in DN thymocytes from wild‐type (WT) mice, suggesting a developmental regulation of Abcc4. Therefore, we hypothesized that ablation of Abcc4 from mice would lead to aberrant T‐cell development and function.


For many years, wireless data transmission has posed a significant challenge to medical sensor developers, where instrument cabling is a major inconvenience for physicians and patients alike. This area of research requires modern data transmission technologies to be used to improve equipment that allows assessing and measuring the kinematic characteristics of the patient. In this paper, data transmission software from an inertial measurement system to an iOS mobile application using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi is described along with the sensor calibration procedure of the measurement system, and the main metrological characteristics are determined.


Introduction: Research attending to social relations of power can enhance understanding of the mechanisms through which occupational injustices occur and inform socially transformative practice. This study explored how power operates through ageism in ways that shape what people come to take for granted regarding occupation in relation to age, and what occupations are supported through socio- political conditions. Methods: Narratives were collected using a two-stage interview process with 17 retired Canadians. A critical narrative analysis approach was employed to examine how these narratives revealed the complex ways occupations are negotiated within broader discourses and age relations. Findings: Ageism mattered for how and when individuals came to retire and for occupational possibilities in the realm of work. Informants conveyed experiences of being marginalised, displaced and disempowered in the work force and, at times, internalised ageist discourses to make sense of when and how they came to retire. Conclusion: Within the study context, social relations of power related to age influenced occupational possibilities for work and bounded retirement 'choices'. A focus on power in relation to occupation as it intersects with a variety of social markers can provide a nexus to inter-connect socially transformative work in occupational therapy and occupational science, advancing the shared intent of promoting human flourishing through occupation.


For rail transport safety situation that arrow-gauge railways permanent deformation was caused by longitudinal and transverse force in train running,a portable underground rail parameters testing analysis system was designed to solve underground railway maintenance problems.The system was composed of two parts: one was portable rail parameters detector,and the other was circuit static behavior measure and analysis system.The detector,advancing forward along the rail by hand,could measure the rail's parameters such as width,level,mileage,triangular hole of rail at the same time.The hardware frame used ARM-based framework and software frame used uc/OS-II operation system.In addition,the systematic analysis of the data of all kinds of inquiry,graphical comparison,graphics and report output,enables the operator quickly obtain the track parameters,better satisfaction of the underground railway maintenance work.


Agger ecological crisis is the core theory of Marxism ecology,He pointed out that the developedcapitalist era alienation consumption and overproduction caused serious damage to the entire capitalist worldecological environment. Limitations of capitalist private ownership makes it impossible to solve the ecologicalcrisis fundamentally.The only solution is to follow the "eco-command",The only solution is to follow the "eco-logical order" and by "shattered expectations dialectics" social model change to rebuild the economic modeland the concept of happiness steady moderate consumption through decentralized,non-bureaucratic and popu-list and Marxism binding towards eco-socialism,and ultimately achieve harmony between man and nature.Butthrough the perspective of the value of non-material aspects and to find ways of human liberation,it is notthe right path to social liberation,it has obvious fantasy colors.


Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of collagen materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering of tooth. Methods: The induced human dental mesenchymal cells were seeded onto collagen materials. After in vitro culture, cell growth and proliferation were determined with HE staining, immunofluorescent staining and SEM. Results:The cells adhered and proliferated well on collagen gel, and kept the differentiated phenotype. The cells also grew well on the collagen membrane, and many secretary particles could be found on the cellular surface. Conclusion: Collagen materials showed good biocompatibility with dental mesenchymal cells. But collagen materials aren't hard enough, and can't provide sufficient mineralization microenvironment for seeding cells. So, Collagen materials should be used as assistant scaffolds for tissue engineering of tooth.


The present invention relates to a substrate processing system, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and a storage medium, which are capable of improving characteristics of a film formed on a substrate and improving manufacturing throughput. The substrate processing system includes a plurality of processing chambers accommodating substrates, a processing gas supply system configured to supply a processing gas sequentially into the plurality of processing chambers, a reactive gas supply system configured to supply an activated reactive gas sequentially into the plurality of processing chambers, a buffer tank installed at the processing gas supply system, and a control unit configured to control the processing gas supply system and the reactive gas supply system such that a time period of supplying the reactive gas into one of the plurality of processing chambers is equal to a sum of a time period of supplying the processing gas into the one of the plurality of processing chambers and a time period of supplying the processing gas into the buffer tank, and the processing gas and the reactive gas are alternately supplied into the plurality of processing chambers.


One, two and three dimensional γ-spectra were simulated and the background elimination algorithm was examined. Detection limit was determined for one, two and three dimensional spectra. Minor modifications of background elimination algorithm were introduced and examined.


Abstract A study on the reactivity of the N‐heterocyclic silylene Dipp2NHSi (1,3‐bis(diisopropylphenyl)‐1,3‐diaza‐2‐silacyclopent‐4‐en‐2‐yliden) with the transition metal complexes [Ni(CO)4], [M(CO)6] (M=Cr, Mo, W), [Mn(CO)5(Br)] and [(η 5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2(I)] is reported. We demonstrate that N‐heterocyclic silylenes, the higher homologues of the now ubiquitous NHC ligands, show a remarkably different behavior in coordination chemistry compared to NHC ligands. Calculations on the electronic features of these ligands revealed significant differences in the frontier orbital region which lead to some peculiarities of the coordination chemistry of silylenes, as demonstrated by the synthesis of the dinuclear, NHSi‐bridged complex [{Ni(CO)2(μ‐Dipp2NHSi)}2] (2), complexes [M(CO)5(Dipp2NHSi)] (M=Cr 3, Mo 4, W 5), [Mn(CO)3(Dipp2NHSi)2(Br)] (9) and [(η 5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2(Dipp2NHSi‐I)] (10). DFT calculations on several model systems [Ni(L)], [Ni(CO)3(L)], and [W(CO)5(L)] (L=NHC, NHSi) reveal that carbenes are typically the much better donor ligands with a larger intrinsic strength of the metal–ligand bond. The decrease going from the carbene to the silylene ligand is mainly caused by favorable electrostatic contributions for the NHC ligand to the total bond strength, whereas the orbital interactions were often found to be higher for the silylene complexes. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the contribution of σ‐ and π‐interaction depends significantly on the system under investigation. The σ‐interaction is often much weaker for the NHSi ligand compared to NHC but, interestingly, the π‐interaction prevails for many NHSi complexes. For the carbonyl complexes, the NHSi ligand is the better σ‐donor ligand, and contributions of π‐symmetry play only a minor role for the NHC and NHSi co‐ligands.


The atomic fluorescence spectrometric method was adopted for the determination of arsenic in Xinjiang flax lecithin.The sample digested and then operating conditions of the instrument were optimized.In given conditions,the limit of detection was 0.18 ng/mL,the relative standard deviation was 0.47%,the recovery rate of the method was 96%-104%.The method has the feature of easy operation,fast speed and high sensitivity.


Henrik H. Svensen's newest book Stein på stein (Aschehaug Press) is about digging for the past, in every sense: as a geologist, as a son, as a father, as a person. It is by far the most personal of the author's literary offerings, which include The end is near: About natural disasters and society (2006) and Bergtatt: The history of the mountains and the fascination of the elevated, which appeared in 2011.


The noise generated by rotating machines and electrical transformers is harmful and its reduction has been the subject of several studies. Such systems are likely to come into resonance and become noisier. This resonance may come from mechanical or magnetic forces. The phenomenon of resonance is usually studied only if the frequency and the known spatial distribution of the excitation force are consistent with the natural frequency and the shape of the corresponding mode of the structure. We demonstrate in this paper that magnetostriction can induce resonance without, however, knowing its spatial distribution. A ferromagnetic frame made of a stack of non-oriented electrical steel (e.g., low-power transformers for railway applications) is used to confirm that mechanical resonance can be induced by magnetostrictive strain at a very low magnitude in in-plane and out-of-plane directions. Finite-element calculations are performed with laminated model and vibratory measurements are presented. A numerical model based on homogenization technique is also detailed. Then, experimental and computation results are analyzed and compared. Finally, results of resonance under magnetization when double the magnetizing frequency matches the resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic frame are described as well as the corresponding spectrum.


Sex-ratio theory as applied to social Hymenoptera has implicated a large number of factors that can affect predictions about sexual allocation. I examine these factors for the tiny forest ant Leptothorax longispinosus by applying Sewall Wright's path analysis to 10 yr of data from two geographical locations. Populations in Vermont and New York were similar with respect to nest sizes and the patterns of queen number but differed strongly in reproduction parameters. Nests in Vermont reared smaller sexuals and produced broods that were more malebiased than their counterparts in New York. Path analysis allowed the exclusion of differential rearing costs, local resource competition, and local mate competition; furthermore, it implicated conflict between queens and workers over alate masses, total investment in sexuals, and allocation to females. Despite considerable explanatory power, variation residual after path analysis showed that unmeasured parameters were important for reproduction patterns in this species. The most likely unmeasured determinants were resource-acquisition ability, not adequately estimated by worker number, and investment in colony growth. Given the immense variability in allocation ratios typically observed for social insects, conclusions concerning patterns of reproduction must be predicated on large data sets collected over several seasons and at different sites.


The open circuit voltage Voc and the corresponding charge carrier density were measured in dependence of temperature and illumination intensity by current–voltage and charge extraction measurements for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and P3HT:bisPCBM solar cells. At lower temperatures a saturation of Voc was observed which can be explained by energetic barriers at the contacts (metal–insulator–metal model). Such injection barriers can also influence Voc at room temperature and limit the performance of the working solar cell, as was assured by macroscopic device simulations on temperature dependent IV characteristics. However, under most conditions—room temperature and low barriers—Voc is given by the effective band gap.


The problem of calculation of stress and strain fields in 3D matrix composites is considered. Random structure of composites is described with set of multipoint moment functions. Boundary-value problem is reduced to integral-differential equation, which is solved in the second approximation. The method of obtaining of analytical expressions for stress and strain fields statistical characteristics is presented.


Earthquake creates great devastation in terms of life, money and failure of structure .examples from past earthquakes proves that conventional structure collapse or got damages during ground shaking. So, retrofitting of structure is necessary to protect human life ensuring that the structure will not collapse. The seismic protection using passive controlling devices now become more popular such as seismic dampers. From previous research observed that one of the most popular dampers is fluid viscous damper because its effectiveness in controlling interstory drifts, floor acceleration and other structural parameter. Its acts like shock absorber of motor vehicle dissipate more energy while strong ground motion. Numerous research is carried out for enhancing the effectiveness of seismic control system and there methodology. The aim of this paper is to review technologies for seismic control and introduced some literature review till now.


Database design process involves analysis of system requirements described in natural language for manual extraction of conceptual schema. This is a tedious process and prone to human error. Earlier approaches of automation of this process had made use of either a finite set of rules, Context Free Grammars (CFG) or semantic understanding. Rule and CFG based approaches are not robust enough to cover all possible scenarios; whereas semantic approaches are not generic and have domain dependencies. We have defined an approach where the sequence part-of-speech (POS) tags of a sentence are annotated to ER components and a set of such annotated sentences serves as our corpus. Use of POS tags instead of the actual terms in a sentence makes the approach more robust, generic and domain-independent. We have also defined our own algorithm, which takes an input sentence and uses an extension of Edit Distance technique, to find out similar matches for a POS sequence of an input sentence with an associated cost, if a perfect match is not found. The accuracy of our current system is 54%. The feedback provided by the user is used to update the underlying model making the approach more interactive and improving the accuracy of future predictions.


Objective To investigate the expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) on leukocytes of various types in peripheral blood in children.Methods The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percentage of positive cell (PPC) in peripheral blood lymphocytes,monocytes and polymorphnuclear leukocytes of normal children were measured by flow cytometry.Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that the differences of CAR MFI and/or PPC between monocyte and polymorphnuclear leukocytes were not significant (P0.05),but that MFI and/or PPC of CAR in the 2 types cells markedly increased compared with lymphocytes in the same group(Pa0.01).The differences of CAR MFI and/or PPC among various groups were obvious(Pa0.01).The expression levels of CAR were the highest in 0-1 year old group,the next were the 2-3 and 4-7 years old groups,and the lowest were those in 8-15 years old group.Conclusions The expression levels of CAR in peripheral blood leukocytes of children are higher than that in monocytes and polymorphnuclear leukocytes.Flow cytometry is a good technique to examine CAR expression.


Urban expressways play an important role in urban traffic networks. Different from the highway speed-flow-density relationship, the urban expressway has more complicate characteristics. With the traffic stream data collected from loop detectors on different sites of the expressway in Beijing, traffic parameters of traffic speed, density and volume are analyzed. As the relationship of speed flow and density changes remarkably during different period of time, this paper establish a speed-flow-density model during nighttime and daytime separately. The relationship among traffic density, speed and volume are key-points analyzed. The research can provide data support and scientific basis for the design and planning of urban expressway.


Besides some clarifications that need to be done and that are mentioned later, my main concern is about how the emission scenarios were constructed and how they are connected to the RCP scenarios of IPCC. To me, and I would suppose that this will be the case for most readers, it is very surprising that BC and SO2 emissions from aviation increase most in the RCP2.6 scenario, which is the most optimistic


A study of the effects of density (0, 150,300 or 450 juveniles) and time of inoculation (0, 7 or 14 days after sowing) with Heterodeva avenae on the growth of single plants of the susceptible wheat, Halberd, showed that only inoculation at sowing consistently affected growth and there was little difference between densities. Development of seminal, seminal laterals and nodal roots was delayed and the length of laminae of each of the first three leaves was shortened. Regular inoculations, until 25 days after sowing, of susceptible Halberd and resistant AUS 10894 wheat and susceptible Clipper and resistant Morocco barley resulted in reduced leaf area, delayed appearance of the earlier leaves and reduced numbers of spikelets per ear on Halberd, AUS 10894 and Clipper, but not Morocco. Following inoculation Halberd and Clipper had fewer leaves, and their time of ear emergence was later. These effects of H. avenae were attributed to induced nutrient and moisture stresses affecting cell division and development of the shoot apex. The maximum yield potential of cereals was therefore reduced.


In this paper the parametric study behavior of an elevated circular water tank by 'Non – Linear Static Analysis' is carried out considering various parameters like water storage capacity 400 m3, staging height 16 m and 20 m, diameter of columns 500 mm and 650 mm, number of columns 8, 10 and 12 number of columns with single layered and double layered column arrangements. By inter-combining each of these parameters we get 20 models of tank. All tank models have their locality in earthquake zone III. The behavior of each tank with respect to other will be checked for base reaction, top roof displacement and plastic hinge formation sequence and its pattern within the staging. We have made use of SAP2000 computer program. It describes structure's behavior with the help of graphs i.e. 'capacity curve' or 'pushover curve'. Due to cantilever action of the structures and increasing stiffness there is change in magnitude of displacement and base reaction. There is not much change in base reaction and roof displacement due to arrangement of columns in single layer and double layer. The structural behavior remains same with reference to plastic hinge formation sequence for different water storage capacities, staging heights and number of columns.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to examine the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting process within the Naval Dental Centers (NDCs) as well as their particular budget formulation and execution procedures. Since there has been no extensive research done concerning budgeting and Naval Dental Centers, this thesis stands as a small-scale representative of budgetary processes in this small hut vital section of the military. Moreover, the lack of dental readiness among personnel of operational commands recently debated in Congress during the summer of 2002 illustrates the critical nature of this topic. To analyze the topic in depth, the following points, among others, concerning budgetary policies of Naval Dental Centers must he examined; how do NDCs fit in the overall budgeting process of the Navy, how do NDCs formulate and execute budgets, what are their core missions, how do marks and reclamas affect the process, what factors affect the disparity between the funding NDCs request and what they actually receive, what performance measures are compiled and what role do they play in the budgeting process. The specific goal of this study is to provide prospective NDC comptrollers with the insight into procedures, technicalities, and peculiarities of a Medical Service Corps comptroller's job in a Naval Dental Center command.


To keep a record of the government's work, the government's general secretariat, through its documentation service, processes a huge volume of information, which, thanks to modern technology, can be stored and retrieved increasingly rapidly. This includes not only interministerial projects carried out by the prime minister's cabinet, but also laws and regulations in effect, as well as preparatory documents which must be accounted for at any time and in all areas of activity. Public authorities have continued to explore new ways of facilitating citizens' access to public records that are not classified as secret: administrative and jurisdictional data banks, dissemination hosts, and telematics services.


Web-scale infrastructure implies LOTS of servers working together, often tens or hundreds of thousands of servers all working toward the same goal. How can the complexity of these environments be managed? How can commonality and simplicity be introduced?


Poster: "RANZCR ASM 2013 / R-0080 / Pictorial Essay of Imaging Findings in Surface Based Bone Lesions" by: "M. Sampson, D. Topham; Adelaide/AU"


As air travel has become increasingly popular during the last two decades, the death of a 27-year-old woman in the Arrivals Hall at Heathrow Airport after a 20 h flight triggered an important number of medical investigations that aimed to clarify the epidemiology, physiopathology, and associated risk factors of the so-called 'economy class syndrome' in order to support the evaluation of preventive strategies. Indeed, given the large number of people travelling long distances around the world, strategies intended for travel-associated venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) prevention must reach a high level of scientific quality, demonstrating safety and high effecacy. Therefore, such strategies should primarily focus on those patients with the highest risk of serious adverse outcomes associated with travel-related VTE. Unfortunately, despite a large amount of medical literature, several important features related to this issue remain under debate, and preventive strategies are still poorly documented, and mostly based on general precautions that might be helpful and harmless in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).1–3 Therefore, there is a great interest in identifying those patients with the highest risk of developing travel-associated VTE, namely those presenting with symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE). Indeed, the risk to travellers has to be balanced against potential adverse events associated with more aggressive preventive strategies such as low molecular weight heparin. In this perspective, the study published by Lehmann et al. 4 has original features that have added important insights to our knowledge of travel-associated symptomatic PE, which is the most threatening and therefore the most clinically relevant category of VTE. The authors compared clinical characteristics and the long-term prognosis of two groups of patients referred to hospital for the treatment of travel-associated or non-travel-associated PE.

In 1856, Virchow first reported that …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +33 1 49 81 25 23, Fax: +33 1 49 81 29 87, Email: bertrand.renaud{at}hmn.aphp.fr


Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect over 500 million people and are a leading cause of death worldwide. A common feature of both chronic and acute lung diseases is altered respiratory barrier integrity and impaired lung regeneration. We hypothesized that alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, as alveolar epithelial progenitors, will carry molecular alterations that compromise alveolar regeneration in COPD. Sorted AT2 cells from ex-smokers with and without COPD at different disease stages were subjected to RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to generate unbiased transcriptome and DNA methylation maps of alveolar progenitors in the lung. Our analysis revealed genome-wide epigenetic changes in AT2 cells during COPD that were associated with global gene expression changes. Integrative data analysis uncovered a strong anti-correlation between gene expression and promoter methylation, suggesting that dysregulation of COPD-associated pathways in AT2 cells may be regulated by DNA methylation. Interferon (IFN) signaling was the top-upregulated pathway associated with the concomitant loss of promoter DNA methylation. Epigenetic regulation of the IFN pathway was validated in both global and targeted DNA demethylation assays in A549 cells. Notably, targeted DNA demethylation of IRF9 triggered upregulation of IFN signaling, mimicking the effects observed in COPD AT2 cells in the profiling data. Our findings suggest that COPD-triggered epigenetic alterations in AT2 cells may impair internal regeneration programs in human lung parenchyma.


The phrase "everything is everything" is an African American saying meaning "all things pass; everything is all right," or "everything's going to be all right." It is an affirmation of well-being in the face of adversity and a reassurance of a tolerable outcome despite bad odds. Its meaning, however, is not readily apparent. Before learning the meaning of "everything is everything," I found that very phrase echoing in my thoughts over the years while listening to colleagues insist on the value of interdisciplinary learning and a view of knowledge as mostly interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary, or, even best, left unconnected with disciplines. I have heard repeatedly that educating nurses in a variety of subjects pertinent to healthcare in interaction with other healthcare professionals would benefit the profession far more than any comparable single-discipline educational endeavor. In these conversations, however, I have noted that the purposes of nursing were often equated with the most common traditional activities of nurses in direct patient care. Fellow nurses have told me with great assurance that this interdisciplinary educational arrangement should and will constitute a major directional change for the future of nursing education, and all healthcare. Few advocates of increased interdisciplinary activities, however, have voiced concern at the same time for the future of nursing's own distinct body of knowledge. There is a certain attractiveness to the iconoclastic and boundary-breaching implications of such a stance. Myriad problems are easily observed in the tradition-bound, hierarchical, formal and informal structures of disciplines, and these problematic structures do impede good science and good care. For example, leaders in the discipline of medicine struggle with the trend toward no longer considering medicine synonymous with healthcare and are reluctant to affirm the parity of other health-related disciplines. Psychologists educated in neuroscience argue, reasonably, that they should be granted the privilege to prescribe medications to treat mental illness, but they meet great resistance from physicians (and some nurses). Nurses struggle to raise the intellectual level of the discipline, to specify its domain of knowledge, and to refine their distinct approach to practice, while also grappling with workforce-related pressure from governments and other powerful interests that insist on the rapid production of nurses with the minimum qualifications. At the same time, as knowledge proliferates and becomes ever more vast and diversified, the question of whether disciplines are the best structures in which to "house" or "grow" knowledge presents itself. And ultimately, in this environment of rapid change and infinite complexity, even more profound questions of ontology and epistemology arise. The overall shift from modern to postmodern culture and philosophy has been concerned with changes in the production, use, and control of knowledge and the seemingly inevitable dissolution of hierarchical structures to contain it. One is obliged to consider whether the absence of disciplines, or the diminution of disciplinary powers in generating, using, and disposing of knowledge, might somewhat resolve, or at least ameliorate, those problems. It is abundantly evident in the literature that many people believe that this is the case (Koppel, Barr, Reeves, Freeth, & Hammick, 2001). In 1997 in this space, Mitchell posed the question, "Have disciplines fallen?" She questioned whether disciplines could be identified anymore by a unique phenomenon of central concern, as was once axiomatic in theoretical nursing. Mitchell wrote,


The purpose of this study is to explain the effort of Indonesian government to fulfill its obligation towards its people's right of health in this pandemic covid-19 situation that is by spreading the covid-19 vaccine on one side and people's spreading fake information about covid-19 on the other side. The research method used is normative legal research. The result of this study shows besides the effort of Indonesian government to manage the pandemic situation, there are so many hoaxes about the pandemic that influence people to object the vaccine.  Therefore people are advised to really careful in receiving those information by sorting and choosing the correct information.


It is becoming increasingly important to alleviate the environmental and health impacts of primary energy generation. A comparison of the costs for different abatement measures can provide guidance for the policy makers. This paper provides such a comparison between nuclear and coal-fired electricity production with special application to the USSR. The study is the result of cooperative work between the I.V. Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute in Moscow, USSR, and the Social and Environmental Dimensions of Technologies (SET) Project at IIASA. It makes use of the methodologies developed for similar studies at the OECD.


Neutron powder diffraction and inelastic measurements were performed examining the $5d$ pyrochlore Y${}_{2}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$. Temperature-dependent measurements were performed between 3.4 K and 290 K, spanning the magnetic transition at 155 K. No sign of any structural or disorder-induced phase transition was observed over the entire temperature range. In addition, no sign of magnetic long-range order was observed to within the sensitivity of the instrumentation. These measurements do not rule out long-range magnetic order, but the neutron-powder-diffraction structural refinements do put an upper bound for the ordered iridium moment of $\ensuremath{\sim}$0.2 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/$Ir (for a magnetic structure with wave vector $Q\ensuremath{\ne}0$) or $\ensuremath{\sim}$0.5 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/$Ir (for $Q=0$).


Twelve cheese analogs varying in amounts of fat (10 17.5, and 25%), sodium chloride (0.5 and 2.0%), and citric acid (0.1 and 1.2%) were prepared to determine the influence of the three constituents on taste and texture perception, as well as on the rheological behavior of the analogs. Sourness, saltiness, springiness, firmness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness were rated by trained judges on a graphic scale. The Instron Universal Testing Machine was used for the rheological studies. Increasing the salt content in the cheese analogs resulted in an increased saltiness and sourness intensity and a decreased pH. Increasing the acid or salt content caused a significant decrease in cohesiveness and springiness and an increase in firmness. A higher fat content resulted in a softer, less springy, more cohesive and adhesive cheese analog.


To estimate precisely an average SO2 concentration in the atmosphere with the lead peroxide method, the actual kinetic expression for SO2-PbO2 reaction system are investigated by regarding the reaction system as a noncatalytic reaction of solid particle with surrounding gas. The reaction models used are progressve-conversion model and unreacted-core model. The experimental research to examine the effect of the atmospheric conditions such as wind velocity, humidity, solute gas concentration, and temperature on the reaction has been performed with the cylindrical PbO2 pellet. The values for the gas film mass transfer coefficient, the effective diffusivity in porous solid, and reaction rate constant are estimated according to the reaction model and experimental data and the rate controlling resistance for the actual kinetic is discussed on the basis of various properties estimated.


The present invention as anti-scorch, and more particularly, to include more nitroxide and at least an organic peroxide and a composition that can be used for cross-linking before scorch delay of the thermoplastic composition and / or elastic material. The invention also relates to a crosslinkable composition and a cross-linking method.


In this paper, a method based on applying Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) to find the solution of 2-Dimenstional Bio-Heat Transfer Problem (2DBHTP) on a distributed computing environment using Input File Affinity Measure (Iaff) with Message Passing Interface (MPI) is introduced. A finite difference discretization is developed to solve the 2DBHTP since 2DBHTP requires the evaluation of temporal and spatial distributions of temperature. The platform gives us better predictions of the effects of thermal physical properties of temperature distribution. This work proposes a parallel overhead with overlapping communication in its implementation using MPI. Based on the implementation of the MPI distributed computing environment, we present a performance improvement strategy running on the master-slave platform. Parallel comparisons of the method were experimentally evaluated, and parallel results show speedup and efficiency on a various number of mesh sizes. The method used combines elements of numerical stability and parallel algorithm design.


Dependability and architecture It is generally accepted in engineering practice that dependabilit y, like securit y, is best designed into a system from the outset|that certain architectural design characteristics positively correlate with overall system dependability. Dependabilit y (\reliance that can justi ably be placed") necessarily comprises, in this respect, a broad range of attributes such as fault tolerance, robustness, code safety, safe concurrency, usabilit y,and self-healing behavior. And, in the interests of scalabilit y, our de nition of dependabilit y must be meaningful relativ e both to overall system beha viorand to the behavior of in ternal (sub)systems with respect to clients.


The invention discloses a controller workload prediction method and system. The method comprises a first step of determining a back propagation (BP) neutral network topology structure, collecting sector traffic flow state index samples of different times, and building a sample set; a second step of optimizing a weight and a threshold of a BP neutral network by use of a genetic algorithm, performing network training, and outputting an optimized BP neutral network; a third step of predicting the index of the controller workload through the optimized BP neutral network of the second step according to the input real-time data of the sector traffic flow state index; and a fourth step of responding to a warning if a result of predicted index of the controller workload meets a preset condition. Through adoption of the method, the reliability of the prediction result of the controller workload can be improved, actual demands of an air traffic control unit on real-time prediction and warning for the controller workload can be met, and the method can provide data support for improvement of operation management level and optimization of the controlled airspace structure.


Simple Summary The Hippo signaling pathway plays a significant role in regulating the organ development processes of mammals. Our research aimed to investigate the expression and distribution of key members of the Hippo signaling pathway in yak mammary glands during different stages. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of MST1, LATS1, YAP1 and TEAD1 in the yak's mammary gland varies with the growth, lactation, and dry periods. The differential expression in the yak's mammary gland at different stages strongly suggests that the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the mammary gland development processes under different physiological conditions. Abstract Due to its rich nutritional value, yak milk is an important food source in the alpine pastoral areas. However, yaks have a low milk yield. The Hippo pathway participates in cell proliferation and organ development. We aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of this pathway in yak mammary cells. A greater understanding of how the expression of its essential genes influence the reproductive cycle could lead to improvements in lactation performance. The expression levels of the key genes MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry during the growth, lactation, and dry periods (GP, LP and DP, respectively). The MST1 and LATS1 mRNA and protein expression level was highest during GP and lowest during LP. The YAP1 and TEAD1 mRNA and protein expression level decreased from GP to LP and DP. MST1 and LATS1 were expressed in the cytoplasm whereas YAP1 and TEAD1 were expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The differential expression of MST1, LATS1, YAP1, and TEAD1 expression in the yak mammary gland during different developmental stages strongly suggests that they play an important role in the regulation of developmental functions under different physiological conditions.


All rectifiers produce an output voltage that has ripple superimposed on the DC. This varies in magnitude, waveform and frequency for different rectifiers. Similarly, the strategy used to limit ripple current going to the load varies. Adverse effects of this ripple include possible reduced productivity or process equipment life, interference with process instrumentation, electromagnetic coupling with nearby structures resulting in heating of the structures and increased losses, and audible noise emitted from bus bars etc. The paper explores these issues and ways to mitigate them. It also relates this to the selection of a phase control or chopper rectifier for a particular application.