Marius Victorinus is the first representative of Platonist Christianity in the Latin church whose works display knowledge of Plotinus and Porphyry. Scholarship prior to the work of Pierre Hadot in the mid-twentieth century tended to treat him as an isolated figure, ignored by later Latin Christians who knew better how to moderate their Platonist borrowings. Scholars since then have been more willing to see Victorinus as earnest Christian who let himself be guided by the community standards of the church as laid out in the biblical canon and creedal definitions. Recent work on Victorinus' sources has shown him to be more eclectic in his use of philosophical sources than previously thought and for that reason more creative in formulating his Platonist–Christian synthesis. After reviewing important lines of development in scholarship on Victorinus, this article focuses on his Platonist-inspired teaching about the soul as expressed in the three genres of his Christian works: theological treatises, hymns, and scriptural commentaries. The consistent "insider" stance of Victorinus in all of these different genres of theological writings suggests that the extremely Platonist character of his theology, when considered in light of other early Christian thinkers, is a difference of degree and not kind.


A high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter consisting of two power stages i.e. a LLC resonant converter with a new hybrid control scheme and a dc-ac inverter is proposed, studied and designed in this paper. In the first power stage, the new hybrid control combining pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) and phase-shift pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) is employed on a full-bridge LLC dc-dc converter, in order to achieve high efficiency when PV output voltage varies in a wide range. Moreover, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on power perturbation is implemented in the dc-ac inverter. Therefore, the complexity of regulating LLC converter can be reduced effectively, and efficiency optimal design can be carried out through the proposed designing procedure for the resonant tank of LLC converter. Finally, a prototype of the proposed PV micro-inverter (PVMI) is developed with rated power of 250W and output voltage of 220VAC/50Hz. The experiment shows that the peak efficiency of the PVMI is 95.5%, where efficiency of LLC converter is up to 97.7%, and the MPPT accuracy is more than 99%. Thus the validity of the proposed system structure, design and control method is verified.


This design case focuses on the design, development, and management of an online student center. In order to bridge and build community among a population of master's students in an online program, an online student center was developed to become a one-stop-shop. This center houses vital program information and helps to foster relationships among online users. This case will dig deeper into the process one university took to design and develop this center, give an overview of information provided to students, and discuss the maintenance of running the center to best support their learners. Insights and reflection on the design process and next steps will be described and discussed. Finally by detailing the process, the author hopes that readers will gain a better understanding of building community among learners in a fullly online program.


Provided is an information processing apparatus including a sound output control unit configured to generate localization information of a sound marker based on a virtual position, and a sound output unit configured to output a sound associated with the sound marker, based on the localization information, wherein the virtual position is determined based on a position of a real object present in a space.


We design an IEC 61850 based communication system for DER management through a CTTS controller to be able to gather vibration, noise, and temperature values from environment sensors placed around distributed energy resources. The designed system performs a function to transfer DER-related data obtained by the CTTS controller to a DER management server based on IEC 61850 MMS protocols after converting the data into IEC 61850-compliant data. In this paper, we define a functional architecture of the proposed system and describe its operation in detail.


1. Rates of methanogenesis in freshwater sediments have been shown to increase with inputs of phytoplankton biomass. Although many studies have shown the importance of resource quality for decomposition, little is known of the importance of substrate quality on rates of methanogenesis. 2. Here, we studied the effects of lipid content and taxonomic affiliation of phytoplankton biomass on rates of methanogenesis in lake sediment slurries from five lakes differing in trophic status. 3. Substrate quantity had a positive effect on methanogenesis despite differing trophic status. Furthermore, we observed that phytoplankton biomass quality, in terms of lipid content, enhanced methanogenesis rates. However, rates of methanogenesis between lake sediments treated with Scenedemus obliquus or Microcystis aeruginosa did not differ when lipid content was held constant. 4. Phytoplankton lipid content has been shown to increase when nutrients are limiting, which may result in an increase in substrate quality for methanogenesis with eutrophication. However, our study revealed that responses of substrate quantity to nutrient enrichment likely outpace the effects of resource quality and may result in a net increase in CH4 emissions from eutrophied lakes. Interestingly, the resource quality feedback may at least partially reduce the potential effect of eutrophication on lake methanogenesis.


Stress is a psychologically depressed condition caused by unpleasant physical or psychological experiences. Prolonged stress adversely affect the physical, intellectual, social, and spiritual conditions of the body, with the ability to threaten its physiological balance. Stress management is an effort to control and reduce tension that arises along with situations that are difficult to be overcome, therefore emotional and physical changes occur. One of the stress management efforts is Transcedental Meditation (TM) which was introduced by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. In carrying out these community service activities, members of the police at the Singaraja State Police School (SPN), Bali and in collaboration with the Maharishi Global Raam Raj Foundation related to the initiation of the Transcedental Meditation program which is subsequently called "Mental Healthy Movement Through the Transcedental Meditation Program" are the main target. This activity is carried out at the State Police School, Buleleng, Bali. The results shows that the stress management program on police officers at the SPN reduces the stress experienced by participants. Therefore, it was concluded that the Transcendental meditation program reduces the stress levels possessed by police officers in accordance with the techniques and stages of training conducted by the Warmadewa University Service Team.


—This research's objective is to identify lacking elements in various effectors utilized in current physical training for cyclists. This encompasses both virtual reality-based system and indoor conventional training. Another objective is to identify user's acceptance from the use of vProCycle; which acts as the primary instrument of this study. Virtual Reality (VR) technology is a computer-generated simulation experience where immersive surroundings replicate lifelike environments – and is used for cyclists' physical training. Distinctive combinations of stimulus effectors (such as altitude, wind-effect, visuals, audio etcetera) have been applied to simulate actual world training environment. This is in order to increase the fidelity of presence for the participants involved, with emphasis on the five human senses. However, in this research the focus is only on hearing, sight, and interaction. The methodology of this mixed-mode pilot study is inclusive of 2 cyclists as participants and a 30 minute training session inside the hypoxic chamber room, whereby they have experienced a VR visual route replica of L'Étape du Tour, France. Variables composed of distinctive stimulus effectors are employed during the training, and survey interviews are utilized to gain users' insight. Results from this pilot study on the presence level indicate that the cyclists' have given high scores. This high score means that the cyclists were immersed while using the vProCycle system. In addition, the cyclists' also gave a high score on the level of technology acceptance towards using vProCycle. The main contribution from this study is to understand how various combinations of stimulus effectors can be applied in a VR-based training system.


We focus on the description of the time category and its interpretation in modern science. We present an overview of lexicographical sources and scientific papers on the definition of category and its analysis. Our purpose is to establish the specifics of artistic time as a text category based on the analysis of the time category and its typology. We give the basic definitions of time represented in different sciences: physics, philosophy, natural science and linguistics. We deter-mine that time and space categories are interrelated and text-forming. We pay special attention to the description of artistic time. The research is based on the works of D.S. Likhachev, Z.Y. Turaeva, I.Y. Chernukhina and others. We provide the main indicators of time category in the ar-tistic text: system of verb forms, lexical units with the meaning of time, syntactic constructions. To illustrate the results of observations, we present an interpretation of the artistic time based on materials of poetic texts of Kazakh writers and poets (T. Aybergenov, I. Isemberlin, A. Alimzhanov). We use the following techniques and methods: descriptive, comparative, observation, method of continuous sampling, linguistic and stylistic; conclusions are drawn.


Service-oriented applications can be expensive to test because services are hosted remotely, are potentially shared among many users, and may have costs associated with their invocation. In this paper, we present an approach for reducing the costs of testing such applications. The key observation underlying our approach is that certain aspects of an application can be tested using locally deployed semantic service stubs, instead of actual remote services.A semantic service stub incorporates some of the service functionality, such as verifying preconditions and generating output messages based on post conditions. We illustrate how semantic stubs can enable the client test suite to be partitioned into subsets, some of which need not be executed using remote services. We also present a case study that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach, and potential cost savings for testing. The main benefits of our approach are that it can (1) reduce the number of test cases that need to be run to invoke remote services, (2) ensure that certain aspects of application functionality are well-tested before service integration occurs.


As the degree of power electronics in power systems continues increasing, the harmonic content of the system continues to increase as well. In order to study the influence of harmonics on the static voltage stability of power system, a static voltage stability analysis method considering the influence of harmonics is proposed. Firstly, by the decoupling method considering the influence of harmonicsˈ the harmonic current of the system is solved. Secondly, based on weak nodes, safety domain and sensitive nodesˈa static voltage stability analysis method are proposed. Thirdly, Latin Hypercube sampling is used in uncertain harmonic tidal current analysis. Finally, the IEEE 33-nodes system in a certain area are used. Therefore, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified when the system contains both single harmonic source and multiple harmonic sources.


The fluorinated emulsifier perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) is a necessary assistant in the processing of fluorinated polymer.The amount of PFOA in fluorinated polymer should be reduced or it should be totally avoided considering the environmental pollution of PFOA.The paper reviewed the ways of reducing PFOA from fluorinated polymers.


The present invention is plasticized with a single plasticizer, a PVB interlayer having a sound attenuation properties. The intermediate layer of the present invention, when used in the glass laminate, it is possible to impart sufficient strength for use as a safety glass laminate.


The SPARK3D and SPARK3D-PNS computer programs were developed to model 3-D supersonic, chemically reacting flow-fields. The SPARK3D code is a full Navier-Stokes solver, and is suitable for use in scramjet combustors and other regions where recirculation may be present. The SPARK3D-PNS is a parabolized Navier-Stokes solver and provides an efficient means of calculating steady-state combustor far-fields and nozzles. Each code has a generalized chemistry package, making modeling of any chemically reacting flow possible. Research activities by the Langley group range from addressing fundamental theoretical issues to simulating problems of practical importance. Algorithmic development includes work on higher order and upwind spatial difference schemes. Direct numerical simulations employ these algorithms to address the fundamental issues of flow stability and transition, and the chemical reaction of supersonic mixing layers and jets. It is believed that this work will lend greater insight into phenomenological model development for simulating supersonic chemically reacting flows in practical combustors. Currently, the SPARK3D and SPARK3D-PNS codes are used to study problems of engineering interest, including various injector designs and 3-D combustor-nozzle configurations. Examples, which demonstrate the capabilities of each code are presented.


Recently, perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have attracted significant attention owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties in efficient white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, their poor stability for UV irradiation and high temperature hinders their practical applications. In this study, CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite quantum dots (CPB QDs) are in situ grown into the channels of PGMA‐EDMA microspheres to improve their UV irradiation and thermal stability. Moreover, It is found that the pore structure of the PGMA‐EDMA microspheres can effectively block the aggregation between the CPB QDs, which effectively reduces the anion exchange and self‐absorption of fluorescence. Finally, A WLED is fabricated with the CPB/PGMA‐EDMA microspheres and the red‐emitting BaGe4O9:Eu3+ phosphor as color converters; The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage color coordinates of the fabricated WLED is (0.33, 0.34), which is close to the standard white emission coordinate (0.33, 0.33). The luminous efficiency of as‐prepared WLED is 34.9 lm W−1 with a color render index (CRI) of 74.6, demonstrating that the CPB/PGMA‐EDMA microspheres are potential for application in lighting and display technologies.


This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and volatile profile of strawberry pulp subjected to factors, pasteurization (unpasteurized and pasteurized), freezing method (static air and forced air), and their interactions, during 12 months. Strawberry fruit were washed, sanitized, and pulped. The pulp was packaged, pasteurized, and frozen (0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months). We concluded that pasteurization alters the strawberry pulp color. The impact of pasteurization and freezing method on the strawberry pulp pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids variables is negligible. We tentatively identified 13 volatile compounds in fresh fruit and pulp, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, and linalool being the volatiles with the highest area percentage in the two products. The esters were predominant in both the fruit and strawberry pulp. Time is the most determining factor in modifying the strawberry pulp volatile profile, having an isolated effect on the increase of ethanol, ethyl butanoate, and linalool.

Practical applications
The strawberry is very used worldwide as raw material to different products, due to its color, flavor, and aroma. Thus, obtaining further information about the changes caused by processing and storage is of great importance for the food industry. This study shows the effect of simultaneous application of different processing techniques (pasteurization and freezing methods) on physicochemical variables and volatile profile of strawberry pulp over prolonged storage. Significant and unpublished results involving color, pH, acidity, soluble solids, and volatile compounds of strawberry frozen pulp over storage period are presented and may be applied for food industry to keep the pulp quality.


We present an analytical calculation of the homogenized dielectric functions $\epsilon_{\parallel}(\omega)$ and $\epsilon_{\perp}(\omega)$ of one-dimensional periodic metal-dielectric structure. The obtained formulas are valid at high frequencies near the points of topological transition.


The paper presents a set of static and dynamic experiments and the test rig to fully characterize a linear permanent magnet oscillatory machine. The proposed set of tests was performed on a PM brushless linear oscillatory machine with surface PM and, respectively, PM flux concentration movers.


The photovoltaic properties of electrochemically prepared polyaniline films and polyaniline/organic semiconductor heterostructures are studied. The photovoltage of the heterostructures in the range of strong absorption of an organic semiconductor is one order higher than that of a polyaniline layer. It has been shown that a built-in electric field is formed at the polyaniline/organic semiconductor interface.


We developed self-extinguishing epoxy-resin compounds that contain no environmentally hazardous flame-retardants such as halogen or phosphorous derivatives, and used these compounds to develop an integrated circuit (IC) molding compound and an insulating material for printed wiring boards (PWBs). The new epoxy-resin compounds consist mainly of phenol-aralkyl-type epoxy resins and hardeners; stable foam layers retard heat transfer and thus have self extinguishing properties. Especially beneficial is the fact that the IC molding compound based on the new compounds, can withstand higher temperatures required for lead-free soldering. The PWB also contains a limited amount of safe metal hydroxide.


In this work, we develop some diagnostics for nonlinear regression model with scale mixtures of skew-normal (SMSN) and first-order autoregressive errors. The SMSN distribution class covers symmetric as well as asymmetric and heavy-tailed distributions, which offers a more flexible framework for modelling. Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates are computed via an expectation–maximization-type algorithm. Local influence diagnostics and score test for the correlation are also derived. The performances of the ML estimates and the test statistic are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a real data set is used to illustrate our diagnostic methods.


In recent years, interest in curiosity-related studies in the national education literature has increased. However, there is a research gap in the studies related to the social curiosity of individuals and measuring this type of curiosity. The current research aimed to adapt the Social Curiosity Scale (SCS) developed by Renner (2006) into Turkish to contribute to the national literature. Undergraduate and graduate students studying at Turkish state universities constitute the research sample. The original scale consists of ten items which form two dimensions. Sclae's Turkish version's exploratory (n=279) and confirmatory (n=310) factor analyzes were performed. In the exploratory factor analysis, the total variance explained by the two-factor and 9-items Turkish form is 63.70%. The first and second level confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor model (General Social Curiosity and Covert Social Curiosity) obtained before as a result of exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the whole process has revealed that the Turkish version of the Social Curiosity Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that measures the social curiosity level of individuals. It is thought that the scale will contribute to research in many fields such as psychological counseling, media research, and education.


Throughout 2006, Commissioner Terence Cole QC conducted an inquiry into the involvement of Australian companies in the United Nations' Oil-for-Food Programme in Iraq. The inquiry generated headlines about sanctions-busting behaviour on the part of AWB Limited and whether or not government ministers knew or should have known what was happening during the life of the Programme from 1996 to 2003. An element of the scandal that has received little attention is whether AWB Limited's behaviour was actually that extraordinary, given its status as a private company whose obligation to its shareholders was to maximise profits and which, had it not complied with the Iraqi government's demands to bypass the sanctions regime, could have cost the company a very important market. Drawing on the sanctions literature, this paper examines an essential problem at the heart of sanctions implementation; namely, that while states sign on to these international obligations, it is private companies and individuals that generally bear their cost. The paper considers legislative changes prompted by Commissioner Cole's Report but emphasises their limitations. A key and persistent difficulty for Australia and other states is that enforcing their international obligations depends on the goodwill and integrity of private actors.


In this paper we look at the crossing number, pair crossing number, and odd crossing number of graphs on a disk with multiple holes. We provide an upper bound ⌊ (n−1)2 4 ⌋ for the odd crossing number of graphs on the annulus with n edges. For graphs on a disk with multiple holes, we develop polynomial time algorithms to find the number of crossings between two edges, given their homotopy classes. We describe each edge as a word referring to its homotopy class. The algorithms also proved the crossing number, pair crossing number, and odd crossing number for graphs on a disk with multiple holes.


In this project, the study and obtaining A356.0 aluminum alloy, suitable for manufacturing a block for a combustion engine prototype is performed. The physical and mechanical properties of the alloy A356.0 are influenced by the chemical composition and microstructural characteristics respectively. Mechanical properties such as, tensile strength and ductility are influenced by secondary dendrite arms spacing (SDAS), grain size, form of the eutectic phase, shape and distribution of intermetallic phases. Controlling the microstructural characteristics of alloy A356.0 is performed by molten metal treatment, solidification process control and application of heat treatment T6. The procedure involves the use of a master alloy, the addition of a grain refiner agent (Al-5Ti-B) and eutectic phase modifier (99% purity strontium). Proper temperature control, degassing and solidification processes of molten metal allows the production of a fine equiaxed primary aluminum grain and a fine eutectic phase. The application of heat treatment T6, ensures Mg2Si precipitates smaller and better distributed in the aluminum matrix. A desirable microstructure is obtained by making use of the proposed production process. A positive influence of the process on tensile strength, ductility and toughness of the alloy A356.0 has been achieved.


A purely distributed multipath protocol based on AOMDV called AOMDV with path diversity(AOMDV-PD)is proposed.This scheme introduces the conception of the path correlation factor,and a distributed algorithm is designed to determine the multiple physical diversity paths during the route discovery phase.The results of NS simulation to the optimized AOMDV-PD show that the packet delivery ratio and the end-to-end delay are enhanced obviously;meanwhile the routing overhead basically is not increased.


Muon accelerators have proved to be difficult to design because of potentially heavy losses from decay. The rapidity with which acceleration must occur precludes the use of conventional synchrotrons. The current baseline approach is a recirculating linac (RLA) in the shape of a racetrack with opposing linacs and separate, fixed-field arcs for each acceleration turn. However, the RLAs have proved costly and, in addition, they represent a bottleneck in the acceptance of a neutrino factory. An alternative, a fixed-field, alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator is actively being revisited in recent work and this paper emphasizes the FFAG option.


Summary This paper examines the failure of the City of London office market over the last 30 years to transmit information on impending oversupply to developers as the market moved towards the top of the demand cycle. The resulting collapse in investment values and the exposure of the banking system to large-scale non-performing loans provides a picture of potentially destabilis ing market failure. In order to prevent oversup ply occurring and thereby secure investment values, a form of self-regulation is proposed.


High-Grade Meningioma (HGM), such as atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, represent a subgroup of meningiomas with histologic and clinical features suggesting aggressive behavior with a penchant for recurrence, even after surgical resection. Here, we postulate that high levels of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) affect the cellular composition and are at the root of the profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of HGM. Our study aimed to validate the effect of the Gal-3 inhibitor (TD139) in in vivo.

 In vivo MGS2 murine models of HGM were utilized to assess efficacy of treatment with TD139 via intravenous injection. We used ELISA spot, RT-PCR and western blots techniques. MRI and immunohistochemistry -staining methods were used to detect tumor growth in in vivo following TD139 treatments.

 Our results demonstrated a significantly elevated level of Gal-3 in both HGM tissue and serum when compared to non-tumor patients. Furthermore, Epithelial membrane antigen, Ki-67, and Transglutaminase 2 were highly expressed in HGM, whereas the number of observed cytotoxic T-cells in HGM was markedly decreased. When human PBMCs were activated with anti-CD3 (1µg/ml) and anti-CD28 (2µg/ml) antibodies and treated with recombinant Gal-3 protein (500ng/ml) for 96hr, we found reduced expression of T-Box Transcription Factor 21 and RAR Related Orphan Receptor C mRNA with concurrent upregulated expression of GATA Binding protein 3 and Forkhead box P3 mRNA. These findings support the concept that Gal-3 skews the differentiation of CD4+ T cells towards Th2 and Treg cells. In vivo treatment of TD139 (1mg/kg per day for 14 days) showed significant decrease (∼35%) in MGS2 tumor growth in orthotopic allograft model (at Day 41) and increased survival via multiple mechanism. Additionally, we observed an upregulation of CD38 (M1 macrophages) and CD8+ T cells in treated cells.

 These findings suggest that TD139 may be an effective approach in the treatment of HGM patients.


Quantum dissipation arises when a large system can be split in a quantum system and an environment to which the energy of the former flows. Understanding the effect of dissipation on quantum many-body systems is of particular importance due to its potential relationship with quantum information. We propose a conceptually simple approach to introduce dissipation into interacting quantum systems in a thermodynamical context, in which every site of a one-dimensional (1D) lattice is coupled off-diagonally to its own bath. The interplay between quantum dissipation and interactions gives rise to counterintuitive interpretations such as a compressible zero-temperature state with spontaneous discrete symmetry breaking and a thermal phase transition in a 1D dissipative quantum many-body system as revealed by quantum Monte Carlo path-integral simulations.


The application provides a method and an apparatus for correcting a course in a navigation system, the navigation system comprising an inertial navigation system and an image acquisition device. The method comprises obtaining using time of the inertial navigation system and determining whether or not the using time of the inertial navigation system is greater than a preset threshold value; if the using time of the inertial navigation system is greater than a preset threshold value, starting the image acquisition device to shoot pictures containing a reference object; analyzing the pictures and obtaining information of a relative position of a pedestrian and the reference object; and correcting a current course angle in accordance with the information of the relative position. The application enables navigation precision of the inertial navigation system to meet requirements.


In this paper the relationship between induction motor port impedance and internal parameters including stator inductance, rotor inductance, magnetizing inductance and rotor resistance is deduced based on T-model equivalent circuit. The relationship explains the reason that every internal parameter can not be uniquely identified with the port impedance, and rotor speed or frequency. The minimum parameters set of T-model equivalent circuit is proposed based on this deduce. Two methods of calculating the minimum parameters set applied for rotation and locked-rotor conditions respectively are proposed. In order to analyze the influence of iron loss on the motor parameters, a simplified T-model equivalent circuit, suitable for low frequency environment, is presented. The effectiveness of the model and the two methods proposed are verified with the experimental results.


Objective:The clinical effect of methods of strengthening spleen to relive diarrhea and eliminating toxins and removing blood stasis treating radioactive enteritis was observed.Methods:64 cases of radioactive enteritis patients were randomly divided into two groups,32 cases in each group;the treatment group was treated with methods of strengthening spleen to relive diarrhea and eliminating toxins and removing blood stasis and the control group was treated with lavo-ofloxacin and Mengtoushi Powder.Results:The clinical effect of the treatment group was 93.8% and in the control group was 71.9%;there was a significant difference(P0.05).The cure time in two groups had no significant differences(P0.05).Enteroscope effect in the treatment group(90.6%)was more effective than that in the control group(71.9%);there was a significant difference(P0.05).Before treating KPS of the two groups had no statistical significance(P0.05),after the treatment,KPS of the two groups were noticeably(P0.05),the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Methods of strengthening spleen to relive diarrhea and eliminating toxins and removing blood stasis for radioactive enteritis have better effect and can significantly improve the quality of life.


The challenges and opportunities, including financial returns, were studied for six different perennial crops that can be used in agroforestry practices. Crops investigated were aronia berry, black walnut, chestnut, Christmas trees, elderberry and hazelnut.


Poly(e-caprolactone,PCL)/nano-CaCO_3 blends were prepared by mechanically melting mixing.The effects of nano-CaCO_3 particles on the crystallinity of PCL and the nano-CaCO_3 content on the mechanical properties as well as shape memory properties of the blends were investigated.DSC showed that nano-CaCO_3 particles promoted nucleation and crystallization of the PCL in the blends,the irradiation increased the melting temperature and crystallization temperature of PCL about 3 ℃ to 5 ℃ and 2 ℃ to 5 ℃ respectively.The modulus of the blends increased with increasing the content of nano-CaCO_3 from the DMA results until up to 40%.It was shown that there was an optimum nano-CaCO_3 mass fraction between 5% and 15% at which PCL/nano-CaCO_3 blends with higher mechanical strength and modulus could be obtained.The PCL/nano-CaCO_3 blends were also reinforced by irradiation in some extent compared with the blends unirradiated.It was confirmed that the shape memory effect could be retained in the developed blends after irradiation.The starting recovery time of the deformed blends at 60 ℃ decreased with increasing the CaCO_3 contents,while the rate of recovery increased.The total recovery ratio for all specimens reached 97% in the experimental conditions.The SEM showed that nano-CaCO_3 was dispersed homogeneously in the matrix of PCL.


Augmented reality is a kind of technology which integrate virtual message with real-world environment to present the user a new interactive mode and enhance the user perception of the real world elements. With the development of computer technology, the augmented reality technology begin to enter people's life. The rapid development of Internet technology and mobile device provides a broad stage for it. The form of traditional museum exhibition is boring. Although there a number of exhibitions, but it transmit little information. The museum exhibition based on the mobile augmented reality navigate through the Bluetooth technology. And chose the two-dimensional code identification and natural feature recognition according to different types of exhibits. Combining the exhibits or exhibition information with virtual information to change the way of passive visit into the interactive visit. Thereby it realizes the diversification and increases interest of the exhibition.


An accurate photovoltaic (PV) model is developed based on singular value decomposition (SVD) using measured or simulated data for PV current in terms of cell temperature, solar irradiance and output voltage. The SVD model projects the problem onto a space described by a small number of orthogonal basis functions (or modes). The number of modes adopted for constructing the model is determined based on the magnitudes of the singular values and the desired accuracy. This model is further implemented in a circuit simulator and applied to modeling of a PV array. Two PV test cells are used to verify the validity of the developed model. The SVD model is also demonstrated in a PV array with a non-uniform temperature profile. The developed SVD PV model requires no assumption to construct the model and is remarkably simple and accurate. To our best knowledge, this is the first application of SVD to modeling of semiconductor device characteristics and the first representation of SVD as an electric circuit.


The emulsions are cosmetic and pharmaceutical forms developed for topical use, ideal for the incorporation of active ingredients such as plant extracts, because of a great affinity with the skin when compared with other formulations. However, they are thermodynamically unstable systems and sometimes the addition of active principles can destabilize the system. The Stability study is a tool for the development of products, because when submitting a formulation to different tests, one can evaluate behaviors that indicate storage conditions or even make commercialization impossible. The study used the glycolic extracts of Aloe vera L. which presents mucílago in its composition, used in cosmetology and treatment of burns, Calendula officinalis L. which possesses cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory property, Matricaria Chamomilla L. which has anti-inflammatory feature and antiseptic, and Centella Asiatica L. which has anti-inflammatory, healing and calming properties. The extracts were incorporated into an emulsion and evaluated separately. The choice of extracts was made at random. After the evaluation of the physical-chemical stability and organoleptic characteristics, which lasted 60 days, it was possible to conclude that the emulsion developed with non-ionic self-emulsifying wax (Polavax) is very unstable when added with the glycolic extracts of Aloe vera L., Calendula officinalis L., Matricaria chamomilla L. and Centella asiatica L., not tolerating large temperature variations with changes in viscosity and pH.


The utility model relates to a motion stimulator driven by gas, particularly to a stimulator with three motion degrees of freedom of a pneumatic hybrid mechanism, which belongs to the field of pneumatic technique. The stimulator with three motion degrees of freedom of a novel pneumatic hybrid mechanism combining a parallel mechanism and a series mechanism is realized by utilizing the hybrid transmission of a cylinder and pneumatic artificial muscle. The parallel mechanism consists of a first angle sensor, a second angle sensor, a cross spider, a Hooke joint, pneumatic artificial muscle, an upper platform and a lower platform. The parallel mechanism is used for realizing two rotational degrees of freedom. The series mechanism consists of a cylinder, a base, a linear bearing, guide rails and a flange. The series mechanism is used for realizing linear motion degrees of freedom. The series mechanism is connected with the lower platform of the parallel mechanism by threads. The servo control of the stimulator with three motion degrees of freedom is realized by a pneumatic control mechanism. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, three mutually independent degrees of freedom and good controllability. The utility model not only has the quick response advantage of pneumatic control, but also has the excellent flexibility characteristic of the pneumatic artificial muscle.


Pinching capillary discharge in nitrogen is investigated for the purpose of development of laser recombination pumping. An apparatus, previously realized for argon capillary laser pumping, was used to understand details of pinching mechanism and emission characteristics for capillary filled by nitrogen. Time dependences of radiation intensities emitted in the wavelength range 1.9 - 2.5 nm and time integrated in the spectral range 10 - 20 nm were measured under various pressures. A computer model is used to describe the pinch dynamics and to estimate the radiation characteristics. EUV reflection grating spectrometer coupled to BI CCD camera and filtered PIN diode were used for time integrated and time resolved spectral measurements respectively. The measured profiles of radiation intensities are compared with the computer simulations of time dependences of selected energy level populations that correspond to the hydrogen- and helium- like ion line emission in the detected spectral range. Complex method for spectral image restoration was developed.


This paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods of outsourcing decision-making,researches practical significance of Wait to Invest Options,Growth Options,Abandonment Options,Shrink Options and Conversion Options in the course of production based on theory of real options,and studies decision-making methods of self-production/outsourcing by applying Black-Scholes options pricing models and Erchashu options pricing models.Through comparison of the two model results,the paper provides theoretical basis for a future-oriented value to make decision outsourcing production or self-production.


The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDMPLUS) is an atmospheric dispersion model for sources that are located in complex terrain settings. The model requires detailed information about the meteorological conditions and topographic terrain features surrounding the source. The authors have completed a 1-year on-site meteorological data program using a 100-meter tower and a Doppler radar system (SODAR). This paper presents the steps required to process the on-site meteorological data and the hardware and software requirements necessary for regulatory use of CTDMPLUS (in conjunction with the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST) model). The paper also presents software and data sources that can be used to generate CTDMPLUS terrain and receptor input information.


The current paper has presented the ecological testing results of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines developed in the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. The purpose of the current study was to identify promising varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth region of the Russian Federation. The objects of the study at the initial stage (2018–2020) were such winter wheat varieties included in the State List of Breeding Achievements as 'Volny Don', 'Krasa Dona', 'Donskaya Step', 'Volnitsa', 'Etyud', 'Zhavoronok', 'Yermak', and in the following years (2020–2021) there were studied from 15 to 40 lines developed on the basis of hybridization in the «ARC «Donskoy». As a result of ecological testing, there has been identified a number of varieties and lines that are most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. A new joint variety of winter bread wheat 'Vertikal' has been sent to the State Variety Testing. Productivity of the variety 'Vertikal' in the Kursk FANC varied from 50.1 to 71.9 hwt/ha; in SamRC RAS it was from 32.4 to 71.6 hwt/ha; in the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea it was from 38.7 to 49.5 hwt/ha. Productivity of the standard varieties 'Moskovskaya 39', 'Skipetr' and 'Ermak' was 47.8–52.0 hwt/ha, 25.3–63.9 hwt/ha, 37.0–42.2 hwt/ha, respectively. Ecological testing was carried out in the breeding crop rotation of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Center (FSBSI Kursk FANC). The soil cover of the experimental plot was represented by typical heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The forecrop was black fallow. Sowing was carried out in an ordinary way with a row spacing of 15 cm, with a seeder SKS-6-10. The plots were with an accounting area of 10 m2 in six repetitions, the seeding rate was 500 germinating grains per 1 m2, the standard variety 'Moskovskaya 39' was sown every 10 numbers. Lodging and winter hardiness and structural analysis of plants was estimated according to the methods of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Over the years of study, there have been identified the winter bread wheat lines with economically valuable traits that exceeded the standard one and could be used in further breeding work. Breeding varieties on a cooperative basis makes it possible to expand the area of distribution of research by breeding centers to develop new varieties in other ecological and geographical conditions.


We aimed to profile the metabolism of soybean roots that were infected with soybean cyst nematodes and treated with Bacillus simplex to identify metabolic differences that may explain nematode resistance. Compared with control soybean roots, B. simplex-treated soybean roots contained lower levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, which reduced the nematodes' food source. Furthermore, treatment with B. simplex led to higher levels of melibiose, gluconic acid, lactic acid, phytosphingosine, and noradrenaline in soybean roots, which promoted nematocidal activity. The levels of oxoproline, maltose, and galactose were lowered after B. simplex treatment, which improved disease resistance. Collectively, this study provides insight into the metabolic alterations induced by B. simplex treatment, which affects the interactions with soybean cyst nematodes.


The radioactive detecting systems of steel scrap were introduced at JISCO,by the theory of the radioactive detecting anlysis,the problems were settled that how to define the background of the radioactive detecting and get High-precision.


Heavy metals, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), are considered hazardous in natural waters due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability. The focus of this study is to use batch experiments to investigate the heavy metal (Cu and Zn) removal efficiency of perlite and Earthlite TM to improve in-situ filtration systems for stormwater catchment basins. Stormwater samples from two field sites in Portland, OR, chosen to represent a high-use commercial site and high-traffic urban road, were characterized to inform experimental design and compare to values found in literature. The Linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models were used to describe equilibrium data and determine partitioning coefficients for single-metal batch studies. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir models fit most single metal batch systems, while Cu-Perlite, Zn-Perlite, and Zn-Earthlite TM , were best fit by the Langmuir model, R 2 = 0.9594; 0.9538; 0.9811, respectively. Competitive adsorption behaviors for Cu and Zn were evaluated using a synthetic stormwater recipe where relative concentrations of Cu and Zn were maintained to be consistent with representative stormwater samples. Perlite showed a decrease in the sorption capacity of Cu and Zn in the presence of competing ions in solution. Earthlite TM showed no difference in the affinity for copper uptake between competitive and non-competitive batch experiments. Earthlite TM affinity for Zn decreased by two orders of magnitude in the competitive batch system. The results from this study will be applied to estimate filter lifetime for traditional and advanced stormwater filter systems. These results will inform experimental design in dynamic flow-through experiments using various filter media thereby improving filter design and implementation of stormwater best management practices.


Background: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) exposes the left ventricle (LV) to an increased afterload, leading to concentric remodelling and subsequent diastolic dysfunction (DD). Fibrosis is the histological key feature. However, none of the conventional echocardiographic parameters is able to reveal the extent of LV remodelling. Aim: to evaluate the ability of speckle tracking echocardiography in detecting LV remodelling in AS patients. Methods: patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe symptomatic AS were prospectively enrolled. Standard transthoracic echocardiography was performed before surgery. Global LV longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS), peak atrial longitudinal and contraction strain (PALS, PACS) were measured. LV septal biopsies to assess fibrosis were performed during surgery. Results: Forty-three consecutive patients were enrolled, with a mean age 73 ± 6years, 58% female. Ejection fraction (EF) 61 ± 7%, aortic valve area (AVA) 0.72 ± 18 cm2, mean gradient (MG) 51 ± 14 mmHg. LV fibrosis was 22 ± 11%. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) 15 ± 4%, peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) 24 ± 6%, peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) 12 ± 4%. The only parameters associated with LV fibrosis were MG (r = 0.45, p = 0.004), GLS (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), PALS (r = 0.43, p = 0.004) and PACS (r = 0.35, p = 0.02). After adjusting for GLS and MG, PALS (p = 0.01) and PACS (p = 0.02) were independent predictors of LV fibrosis. The combination of PALS and GLS was the strongest predictor of LV fibrosis. Conclusions: speckle tracking echocardiography provides additional information to characterise the LV remodelling over conventional parameters. Our findings suggest that consequences of pressure overload in AS impact both on ventricular and atrial function, possibly acting through different pathophysiological mechanisms.


We investigated whether circRAD23B regulates glycolysis and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by targeting miRNA-519b-3p. circRAD23B expression in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and miRNA-519b-3p expression in ovarian cance tissues
 was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Transfection sicircRAD23B or miRNA-519b-3p mimics can greatly attenuate cell viability, glucose consumption, lactic acid level, and CyclinD1 protein level (P < 0.05), and increase p21 protein level (P
 < 0.05). Double luciferase reporter experiment confirmed that circRAD23B could function as a miRNA-519b-3p sponge molecule. Co-transfection of si-circRAD23B and anti-miRNA-519b-3p could greatly decrease cell viability, glucose consumption, lactic acid level, and CyclinD1 protein level (P
 < 0.05), and increase p21 protein level by comparison with si-circRAD23B+anti-miRNA-NC group (P < 0.05). Inhibiting circRAD23B expression can, in turn, inhibit glycolysis and the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating miRNA-519b-3p expression.


Parkinson's Disease is a chronic, second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The pathological role of several factors namely, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic predispositions has been highlighted however, its etiology remains unknown. Clinical pathology shows that parkinson's disease involves progressive premature death of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and abnormal protein aggregates termed Lewy bodies (LW), which contain α-synuclein. Current treatments for parkinson's disease give symptomatic relief in patients and improve their motor function. Thus, parkinson's disease remains an incurable disease and quality of life of parkinson's disease patients get affected. Therefore, it is very important to understand the pathophysiologies of Parkinson's disease and focus on the new therapeutic strategies for the treatment and develop new therapies for the betterment of patients. Under new treatment options gene and cell/ stem cell-based therapies, neurosurgeries, insulin resistance therapies, natural products are currently being studied in animal models of parkinson's disease or recently been tested in clinical trials. Thus, these new therapeutic targets would be the best options for prevention and treatment of parkinson's disease patients.


A new type of coarse and fine positioner of an STM tip has been developed. The xy-walker has three pairs of composite legs which are made of thickness expansion and thickness shear piezoelectric plates. While one of each pair of legs shrinks, the other leg expands and shear deforms giving rise to one-step displacement. The same type of z-walker is placed on the xy-walker. The position of the tip is finely controlled by shear deformation of the expanded legs. Two pieces of thickness shear piezo plates and a thickness expansion one are stacked for a rigid scanner. Atomic resolution of the STM unit has been confirmed on an air-cleaved MoS2 surface.


A technique for separating clustered date through the use of n-dimensional ellipsoids surrounding the clusters is discussed. The ellipsoids are minimal in the sense that a maximum number of data points lie on their boundaries. The theory is set up for the computer aided classification of patients according to the presence or absence of a disease, though it is applica ble to other similar situations.


In vehicular networks, vehicles exchange messages with each other as well as infrastructure to prevent accidents or enhance driver's and passenger's experience. In this paper, we propose a grid-based multichannel access scheme to enhance the performance of a vehicular network. To determine the feasibility of our scheme, we obtained preliminary results using the OPNET simulation tool.


Groundwater is of great importance in our daily life, and its importance is due to its multiple uses, whether in agriculture, industry or other uses. Increasing the Groundwater Levels (GWL) in any area is a great benefit for its importance and multiplicity of uses, but in the city of Aswan, it is different, as the increase in the GWL causes severe damage to buildings and leads to poor quality of agricultural land and the destruction of infrastructure due to the lack of good management. The main objective of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the groundwater system to gain better understanding of water dynamics in the study area and to investigate different management scenarios of the use of groundwater. The model was developed using MODFLOW code to achieve the objective of the study, where the necessary field data were collected to feed the model from the study area, such as Surface Water Levels (SWL) in the Aswan Dam lake and the Nile River, GWL in the Aswan Aquifer and the different characteristics of the layers constituting the aquifer, such as porosity and recharge for different periods to ensure obtaining the most accurate and best results from the model. The model was calibrated with mean residual and absolute mean residual which reached −0.08 and 0.629 m, respectively, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.737m and a normalized RMSE of 4.319%. Two future scenarios have been developed to arrive at a future vision of GWL in the Aswan aquifer. The first scenario investigated GWL in the study area by changing the values of recharge to the aquifer resulting from an increase in the drinking water and sewage networks' leakage values, which were predicted in the future for years 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040. The GWL in the study area are increasing as a result of the increase in the amount of leakage in the years 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040 compared to the GWL in the study area for the year 2020 by 0.29%, 1.31%, 2.01% and 3.16%, respectively. The second scenario investigated GWL by changing the water levels in El hebs (the lake between the High Dam and the Aswan Dam) as follows (108 m, 110 m, 112 m, 114 m, 116 m and 118 m), where the groundwater levels were calculated in the Aswan Aquifer corresponding to each level. The percentage of increase in groundwater levels corresponding to the levels 108 m, 110 m, 112 m, 114 m, 116 m and 118 m compared to the groundwater levels at the level of 106 m was found as follows: 0.92%, 2%, 2.87%, 4.05%, 4.91% and 5.67%, respectively. The simulation results are intended to support integrated groundwater modeling for the components of the hydrological water budget in the city of Aswan. Furthermore, the model provides us with a better understanding of long-term scenarios for the waterlogging in the city. The results are useful for managing the water logging problems and planning the future infrastructure in the city of Aswan.


Abstract : A commercial multi-purpose closed circuit television camera system with a vidicon image tube was studied to determine its capability for measurement of contrast and visibility. A single line of the scan from the camera video output was extracted and examined with an oscilloscope. A derivation of system response was made and a comparison performed with laboratory data. Calibration of the field of view, for one particular television pick-up tube, revealed nonuniformities making resolution of 2 percent contrast difficult. Useful resolution results are expected with improvement of the pick-up tube or with employment of digital processing techniques. (Author)


Cooked pork sausage was prepared by using tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) at 0 and 0.4% of the meat weight either separately or in different combinations. Samples were vacuum packaged and held in a refrigerated display case at 5°C for 21 days. Samples were also stored at room temperature (20-22°C) for 24 and 48 hr. Neither phosphate had an effect on microbial counts during refrigerated storage up to 21 days, but SAPP caused significantly lower counts of mesophilic and facultative anaerobic organisms after 48 hr of temperature abuse. The organisms affected were streptococci or very similar coccobacilli.


In this paper I will deal with a type of nominalization which appears in Desano. Emphasis will be placed on arguments justifying a given underlying structure of a class of nominalizations rather than on the types of rules needed to convert the underlying structure into the realized nominalization. A class of nominalizations will be presented here. I will give evidence to show that these forms are to be derived from relative clauses. Consider the following forms:


Volumes of mitochondria, microsomes, and nuclei were measured by differential centrifugation in liver cells of irradiated 13-, 18-, and 21-day-old chicken embryos and 4-day-old chicks. Counts were made of liver cell mitochondria in 13-, 18-, and 21-day-old embryos. When an exposure of 465 rads of x irradiation was administered 3 days prior to sacrifice, liver cell mitochondria were decreased in numbers in 13- and 18-day-old embryos. These decreases, however, were not observed immediately or within 24 hours after irradiation, suggesting that the mitochondria per se are relatively radioresistant but that their multiplication or maintenance during the rapid division of the liver cells is somehow interfered with. The decreases were correlated with a surfeit of triglyceride in the plasmas of irradiated embryos of these stages. (auth)


............� xi 1 Background of the Research Problem, Aims and Objectives, Methods, Limitations and Significance of the Study ......................................................................................................13 1.1 Background of the Research Problem ............................................................................13 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................16 1.3 Research Methods ..............................................................................................................19 1.4 Limitations and Delimitation of the Study ...................................................................20 1.5 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................21 1.6 The Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................................22 2 Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks .................................................................................23 2.1 The Main Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................23 2.1.1 Education System and Education Policy ............................................................23 2.1.2 Human Capital, Social Capital and Higher Education ...................................28 2.1.3 Higher Education in the Context of Globalization ..........................................32 2.2 Conceptual Framework .....................................................................................................35


Case Report A middle-aged woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a prior history of S. pneumoniae meningitis 1 year earlier, presented to an outside hospital with complaints of fever, headache, and change in mental status. Materials for basic laboratory tests and blood cultures were drawn in the Emergency Department; these showed diabetic ketoacidosis. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head was negative and a lumbar puncture (LP) was attempted, but was unsuccessful. The patient was started on intravenous insulin drip, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone and was transported to our facility via Life-Flight. She also developed acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. After arrival, the patient had a normal repeat CT scan of her head and a successful LP. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed 9064 white blood cells (WBCs)/mm with 77% neutrophils and 9% lymphocytes, protein concentration of 275 mg/dL, and glucose of 93 mg/dL. CSF culture and Gram stain were negative, while 1 blood culture drawn at the outside hospital grew penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (MIC 2 lg/ mL). WBC count was 9660/mm with 45% band forms. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed and the patient was continued on intravenous antibiotics and insulin drip. Additional laboratory studies revealed normal complement levels and a negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and HIV 2 antibody screen. The patient was extubated in 48 hours. and was treated with a total of 2 weeks of ceftriaxone and vancomycin for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae meningitis. The patient had an uneventful full recovery and was discharged from the hospital with neurosurgery follow-up. The neurosurgeon ordered a CT scan of the facial bones, which revealed an irregular calcification in the right frontal sinus adjacent to the cribriform plate and thinning of the posterior wall of the sinus. Upon requestioning at a subsequent neurosurgical appointment, the patient recalled being an unrestrained passenger and striking her head against the windshield in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) approximately 10 years ago. Ever since the MVA, she noticed intermittent postnasal discharge while recumbent. However, she never sought a medical opinion and denied complaints of anterior rhinorrhea. A CT cisternography confirmed the presence of CSF leakage with contrast accumulation via a defect in the right paramedian cribriform plate. Contrast opacification was seen in the fovea ethmoidalis extending into the right frontal sinus (Figure 1). The patient subsequently underwent transnasal endoscopic CSF leak repair (Figure 2). The postoperative cisternogram did not reveal the transdural communication. However a follow-up cisternogram performed 3 months later demonstrated a recurrent CSF leak. The patient was rehospitalized with grand-mal seizures and a third episode of S. pneumoniae meningitis, this time with a penicillin-sensitive strain. She was treated with a 2week course of ceftriaxone and also received heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine to supplement the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Two weeks after the hospital discharge, the patient underwent successful bifrontal transcranial repair. Currently, she has been disease-free for 3 months and is followed closely by neurosurgery as an outpatient.


We discuss the soft contribution to the elastic pion form factor with the mass evolution from current to constituent quark being taken into account using a light-front Bethe-Salpeter (LFBS) model, which is a light-front quark model (LFQM) with a running mass. It is shown that partial conservation of the axial-vector current (PCAC) is satisfied with a running quark mass. We examine the sensitivity of the pion form factor using two different functional forms of the quark propagator. The Ball-Chiu ansatz is used to maintain local gauge invariance of the quark-photon vertex. The extension of our model to the hard contribution is also discussed.


Abstract * Recommended for publication by John J. B. Morgan, accepted by Carl Murchison of the Editorial Board, and received in the Editorial Office, February 27, 1931. 1 Report of an experiment conducted in the Psychological Laboratory of Northwestern University. The work was done under the direction of Professor John J. B. Morgan.


W hen our staff began studying the development of the creative thinking abilities, first by cross-sectional methods and later by longitudinal ones, we were puzzled by what we discovered. It was clear that the intellectual abilities which we had labeled "creative thinking" did not follow the same course of development as other such abilities. For most of our measures of creative thinking, there were clear periods of decline rather than growth at about ages five, nine, thirteen, and seventeen. We became particularly interested in the decline which appears at about age nine, or the fourth grade, because it was so acute and was accompanied by so many problems of behavior, learning difficulty, delinquency, and personality disturbance. Many possible explanations were advanced for the decline in creative thinking and creative activities in the fourth grade-physiological changes, increasing peer pressures for conformity, and many others. Knowing that the need for consensual validation and peer approval become tremendously important at about age nine, 1 placed a great deal of confidence in hypotheses in this area. Since anthropologists maintain that the United States has one of the most peer-oriented cultures in the world, we have attempted to test some of our hypotheses by conducting developmental studies in several cultures outside the United States and in segre-


We analyze observations obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory of bright Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs), those with column densities in excess of 1.5 × 1024 cm-2 along the lines of sight. We therefore view the powerful central engines only indirectly, even at X-ray energies. Using high spatial resolution and considering only galaxies that do not contain circumnuclear starbursts, we reveal the variety of emission AGNs alone may produce. Approximately 1% of the continuum's intrinsic flux is detected in reflection in each case. The only hard X-ray feature is the prominent Fe Kα fluorescence line, with equivalent width greater than 1 keV in all sources. The Fe line luminosity provides the best X-ray indicator of the unseen intrinsic AGN luminosity. In detail, the morphologies of the extended soft X-ray emission and optical line emission are similar, and line emission dominates the soft X-ray spectra. Thus, we attribute the soft X-ray emission to material that the central engines photoionize. Because the resulting spectra are complex and do not reveal the AGNs directly, crude analysis techniques, such as hardness ratios, would misclassify these galaxies as hosts of intrinsically weak, unabsorbed AGNs and would fail to identify the luminous, absorbed nuclei that are present. We demonstrate that a three-band X-ray diagnostic can correctly classify Compton-thick AGNs, even when significant soft X-ray line emission is present. The active nuclei produce most of the galaxies' total observed emission over a broad spectral range, and much of their light emerges at far-infrared wavelengths. Stellar contamination of the infrared emission can be severe, however, making long-wavelength data alone unreliable indicators of the buried AGN luminosity.


Cultural heritage item preservation, renovation and adaptation to the social needs of people, as well as their passing from generation to generation, is a problem relevant from economic, historical, archeological, religious, technological, research and other perspectives. They are typical strategic multi-criteria decision-making problems. The state institutions and the owners and managers of the heritage items invest in their preservation. In fact, every country has a great number of the registered heritage structures. To ensure their effective management and renovation, a lot of implementation projects and strategies should be developed and evaluated. This work requires large investments and time. The paper presents a hybrid model developed for ranking the heritage buildings intended for renovation according to their value. The model for problem solution based on integrated using two MCDM methods Analytic Hierarchy Process and EDAS. A set of the criteria for evaluating the projects, concerning the renovation of cultural heritage items defined.


Farming for others is a system whose purpose is to help the anti-Japanese workers' and veterans'!families with no or little labor force to cultivate,sow,tend and harvest.It is the most important one of the many preferential treatments to families of anti-Japanese workers in Shannxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.In order to make the work of "farming for others" go systematically,the Border Government issued a series of relevant rules and regulations,and formulated some measures concerning the principles,methods and modes of "farming for others" and the organizing leadership and ideological education in reinforcing "farming for others".The policy of "farming for others" played an important role in improving the lives of the families of anti-Japanese workers and veterans,in stabilizing and encouraging soldiers' morale and in the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The "farming for others" in the Border Region fully reflected the political characteristics of the United Front and the age's features such as the war involving the whole nation and lasting for a long term.


Drawing on previous analyses of the social meaning of demonstratives and other function words, we argue that the semantics of demonstratives facilitates affective uses that can be characterized as attempts by the speaker to foster a sense of shared perspective and common ground with other discourse participants. We present large-scale quantitative evidence that this strategy is widely used and communicatively effective. We then conduct a focused case study of the demonstrative use of U.S. politician and public figure Sarah Palin, situated in the wider context of Palin's persona, style, and place in the social landscape. An analysis of television interview data shows that Palin is a distinctive and prolific user of affective demonstratives. Palin's usage highlights the context-dependence of demonstratives' social meaning and leads to a deeper understanding of her rhetorical strategies and the polarized reactions they have received.


We consider a maintenance service provider that overhauls aircraft engines in a central service facility. The service provider can choose between a low and a high capacity. However, the high capacity can only be used for a certain share of the time. We model the service facility as a queue with adaptable service rate and develop capacity control policies minimizing the time-average queue length. The reactive threshold-type policy only considers the current queue length and we show that the time-average queue length diverges as the load of the system increases. State-of-the-art aircraft engines are equipped with sensors permitting prediction of future maintenance needs. Thus, the solely forward-looking policy is based on predicted arrival times and maintenance requirements of engines arriving to the system in the future. We show that the time-average queue length converges to a finite value as the load increases. As the reactive policy outperforms the solely forward-looking policy for low arrival rates, we combine both to a proactive policy. While we assume that future information is available within an infinite lookahead window when stating the policy, we derive conditions under which a proactive capacity control policy can be employed and how the policy has to be modified if the lookahead window is finite.


Ion exchange between chlorohydrate of the cross-linked copolymer of vinylethynylpiperidol with methylenebisacrylamide and spin-labeled potassium xanthate was studied by ESR and UV spectroscopies. Maximum adsorption of potassium xanthate by the hydrogel tends to equimolar as calculated with respect to the piperidol groups of the hydrogel. The adsorption itself conforms to a two-step mechanism.


Introduction Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome refers to a cluster of clinical symptoms/signs related to drug hypersensitivity. The main clinical features include fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, enlarged lymph nodes, atypical lymphocytosis, and involvement of at least one internal organ. Clozapine-related DRESS syndrome has been rarely reported, but this may be due to a different clinical presentation pattern compared to DRESS for other culprit drugs. Objectives We aimed to assess clusters of main clinical features of clozapine-related DRESS. Methods We ran a network analysis for clinical manifestations in the pooled sample of all previous published cases of clozapine-related DRESS. Results We observed a triad of core symptoms (i.e., organ implication, fever, and eosinophilia) among DRESS criteria co-occurring in 59.3% (n=16) of 27 patients. The organs most likely to be involved in clozapine-related DRESS included lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys. Fever was also present in almost all cases (n=25 patients), while eosinophilia was observed in two thirds of the sample (n=18 patients). Conclusions Regarding clinical manifestations clozapine-related DRESS may differ from DRESS for other culprit drugs as skin reaction is not very typical; thus, clinicians need to consider DRESS as a potential diagnosis even in absence of a skin reaction. When managing clozapine-treated patients with the core triad of organ implication, fever, and eosinophilia clinicians should consider guidelines for DRESS treatment. Disclosure No significant relationships.


one of the suburbs of Lonidon. This area is likelv to contain a fair-sized voluntary hospital, one or two biggish Poor Law hospitals, and a ilunuber of smaller institutions run on. the cottage hospital system. The most centrally situated hospital, which for preference will be the largest of the group, should, for obvious reasons, take the bulk of the out-patient and ambulatory work, and function as a central general hospital. The smaller hospitals should retain their voluntary capacity and keep their local patriotism by setting aside some part of their accommodation for urgent local cases. With the remainder of their beds they would specialize in some branch of medicine or surgery, undertaking this specialty for the whole area. This would be their contribution to the scheme; what they gave in this way they would receive back in different departments from other special units. So far as government is concerned, there would have to be a central governing body compounded of all interests concerned, including local practitioners, and with a general director of the service acting under it. Each hospital unit should keep its autonomy and local government. There should be a unified visiting staff for the whole area made up in the first place of the combined visitinig staffs of the associated hospitals. Subsequent appointments would be made by the central body to the district hospital service, rather than to the individual lhospitals. A system of rotation of nursing staffs throughout the district hospitals would be possible, so that all niurses would be fully trained. The scheme might be aided by the co-opera-tion of local practitioners as a form of post-graduate study, aind in selected cases a post-graduate medical college would have ample scope., (These points I have dealt with at length in a previous communication to the Journal on May 28th, 1927, p. 985.) The question of finance is beyond the scope of this letter, and, though it is obviously a crucial point, it is of no significance in this aspect of the case, for it has to be dealt with in some way or another by whichever route we approach the subject. I am bv no means convinced that such a scheme as I have outlined would be feasible or (aceptable to the units7 but it seems to me to put medicine and the good of the patient first, and to illustrate the spirit of co-operation and equality, rather than that of dictation. I may add that for myself I work under both voluntary and Poor Law systems.-I am, etc., London, W.1, July 23rd. T. H. C. BENIANS, F.R.C.S.


This study aims to determine the type of error that made the students in solving arithmetic operation of natural numbers in the form of addition and subtraction. This study was a descriptive one. The population in this study were all second grade students of SD Negeri 4 Podomoro which numbered 30 people. The samples used were all students of class II because the number of students is less than 100 people. Data collection techniques used in the form of a valid and reliable test. After the test is given, then the results of tests examined and analyzed to determine the type of error that made the students. The analysis showed that the mistakes made by students in solving arithmetic operation of natural numbers such as addition and subtraction . This type of error in the addition operation, the type of basic factual errors summation with a percentage of 35%, the type of random errors with a percentage of 10.02%. This type of error in calculating the reduction of operating natural numbers, that is kind of basic factual errors, with the percentage of 36.58% reduction. Types of random errors with the percentage of 18.40%. Keywords: Error Analysis, Numbers Count, Operation of Addition and Subtraction


ABSTRACT Academic writing is a complex competence in higher education. To develop this competence, teachers' written feedback is vital, especially if it contains feed-up, feed-back and feed-forward information. However, academic writing does not always improve after provision of written feedback. The purpose of this study was to explore if peer-to-peer dialogue between students about teachers' written feedback does enhance students' understanding of written feedback. Sixty-three second-year university students participated in a pre-test-post-test design with mixed methods. Questionnaire data showed that peer-to-peer dialogue increased students' understanding of feed-up, feed-back and feed-forward information. Focus group data demonstrated that the dialogue helped students to understand the assessment criteria better (feed up) and offered suggestions for improvement (feed forward). High quality teachers' written feedback was perceived as an important condition. Peer-to-peer dialogue among students about teachers' written feedback seems promising in enhancing students' understanding on how to improve their academic writing assignments.


IN THIS paper, we will report the results of studies of the haptoglobin types, transferrin types, group specific components (Ge), Gm groups, Inv groups, and blood group-associated alkaline phosphatase component of the serum proteins, and the SC1 trait of saliva in two villages of Xavante Indians located at Simoes Lopes and Sdo Marcos. The results of previous studies on a third village (Neel et al., 1964) will also be presented and gene frequencies calcu-lated for the three villages combined. A general description of these Indians will be found in Neel et al. (1964) and Salzano et al. (1967); a description of the techniques of blood collection and transport will be found in Gershowitz et al. ( 1967).


The classification of diabetes proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1985 includes four categories: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), malnutritionrelated diabetes mellitus (MRDM), and other types of diabetes associated with certain conditions and syndromes (1). The two major types of diabetes, IDDM and NIDDM, are considered to be etiologically different. In the classification by the National Diabetes Data Group (2) and WHO in 1980 (3), the terms type I and type II diabetes were also adopted as synonyms for IDDM and NIDDM. However, in the 1985 WHO classification, only the terms IDDM and NIDDM appeared because the terms type I and type II diabetes were suggested to represent the pathogenic mechanisms. Nevertheless, these terms are still being used synonymously. For many years, two main types of diabetes have been recognized on the basis of clinical phenotypes. In the mid-1970s, the term type I diabetes was introduced to include typical insulin-dependent diabetes of juvenile and adult-onset and diabetes initially controlled by oral hypoglycemic agents but with positive islet cell antibody (4). The association of type I diabetes with specific HLA types was also noticed (5). There are many features to distinguish IDDM (or type I) and NIDDM (or type II). These include age of onset; mode of onset (acute or slow); presence or absence of obesity; ketosis proneness; stability of blood glucose; family history; association with specific HLA types; presence of autoantibodies such as islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and anti-GAD antibodies; association with other autoimmune diseases; blood C-peptide levels; need for insulin treatment; and so on. For each of these items, there are almost always exceptions. For example, IDDM can occur in adulthood and NIDDM can occur in young people of school age (maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]). Anti-GAD antibodies are also occasionally observed in those who are diagnosed with NIDDM. The classification of diabetes is easy in typical cases, but there are a number of situations in which it is difficult to classify the disease into one or the other of these two main categories. In 1985, the WHO said, "In diabetic patients of European origin, the clinical distinction of IDDM from NIDDM is often obvious," and "in some non-Europeans, the question of insulin dependency is more difficult to settle" (1). Recently, specific mutations of insulin, insulin receptors, and glucokinase genes have been discovered among patients with typical clinical features of NIDDM. Some articles treated them as belonging to NIDDM (6), but if we observe the WHO classification rigidly, they should be included in the other types of diabetes. Features to classify IDDM and NIDDM consist of mixtures of different criteria, some related to the degree of insulin deficiency and the others possibly related to pathogenesis. The "insulin dependency" primarily depends on the amount of insulin available from the patients (3-cells. It is probably mainly related to (3-cell mass and can be evaluated by C-peptide assay. If


We describe a mathematical model for a single-tube enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4), involving use of a thyroxin/horseradishperoxidase(EC 18.104.22.168)con-jugate that does notinteractwiththyroxin-bindingglobulin. In the of two of active constituents are present: We constructed a mathematical model based on thermodynamic binding under patients'serumsamplesdem-onstrate the validity of the concept.


The blood pressure-lowering effect of isradipine at 1.25–2.5 mg twice daily (taken at 0700 and 1900 h) was assessed in a double-blind study involving 28 men with mild-to-moderate hypertension. After a 4-week placebo period, patients were randomized to receive either isradipine (group I) or placebo (group II) for 8 weeks. At the end of the placebo and active-treatment periods, patients were evaluated by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Data were analyzed according to two time periods: daytime, 1000–2300 h; nighttime and early morning, 2300–1000 h. Intersubject analyses were performed comparing values at the end of placebo with those at the end of active treatment. Intrasubject two-way analysis of variance showed that the time of day or night had no influence on blood pressure changes. Comparison of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures with isradipine indicated that there were significantly greater average decreases in SBP at 0600–0800 h than at 1800–2000 h (p = 0.038), and at 0800–1100 h than at 2000–2300 h (p = 0.045). This was also true for the average decreases in DBP (p = 0.006). In conclusion, isradipine exerts blood pressure control throughout 24 h with a pronounced action during the early morning (0600–0800 h) period.


Radiopaque contrast media for vascular imaging made its debut over 100 years ago. One month after Röntgen's discovery of X-ray, Haschek and Lindenthal [1] published an arteriogram of an amputated hand injected with a radiopaque medium composed of bismuth, lead, and barium salts. The first iodinated intravascular agent used in a living human was a 50% solution of sodium iodide for lower extremity angiography and reported by Brooks [2] in 1924. The toxicity and pain associated with intraarterial injection stimulated evaluation of other radiopaque agents. American urologist Moses Swick, who while a fellow in Berlin during the late 1920s investigated iodinated and arsenated derivatives of pyridine as antibiotics, developed the first iodinated organic radiopaque contrast medium [3,4]. He noted that the sodium salt of N-methyl-5-iodo-2-pyridone, a monoiodinated agent, was surprisingly nontoxic and excreted by the kidneys, allowing for the first time successful imaging of the urinary tract [5]. Thus began our iodinated assault on renal function. This contrast agent, the first of the iodinated pyridones, was marketed by Schering as Selectan and then Uroselectan, a modification [6]. They were quickly supplanted with a related di-iodinated agent Uroselectan B [3]. Multiple other variations of di-iodinated pyridones were also marketed, with Diodrast by Winthrop Laboratories dominating the field. The two iodine atoms incorporated into the pyridone ring significantly improved radiopacity of these agents. It was with Diodrast that Robb and Steinberg [7] adapted urographic contrast media to intravenous angiocardiography. The next major breakthrough against the iodinated assault was the development in the early 1950s of sodium acetrizoate by adding a side chain to position 3 of the tri-iodinated benzene ring, the first of many similar agents and marketed by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works as Urokon [8]. It became available for both intravenous and intra-arterial administration, 50% and 70% solutions of sodium acetrizoate being commonly used for angiocardiography, aortography, and arteriography [3]. This group of agents, although with improved radiopacity, were still relatively toxic compared to the subsequent iodinated contrast development. Then came the next major breakthrough. The addition of a side chain to the fifth position, the last remaining open position of the six positions on the basic benzene ring, resulted in a major decrease in overall toxicity [4]. Used for intravenous and intra-arterial contrast-enhanced imaging studies, there were four basic formulations: diatrizoate (Hypaque by Winthrop and Renografin by Squibb), iothalamate (Conray by Mallinckrodt), metrizoate (Isopaque by Nyco), and diprotrizoate (Unipaque by Fougera, Miokon by Mallinckrodt). Multiple various combination salt forms with sodium and meglumine became available and are still used to a limited extent. The sodium salts are more painful with intravenous or intraarterial administration as well as generally being more toxic. However, the meglumine salts are considerably more viscous, requiring large-bore catheters for rapid administration (and large needles for intravenous angiocardiography). The development of thin-wall catheter technology was instrumental in allowing our switch to meglumine and combination sodium and meglumine salts, the latter still necessary for safe coronary arteriography with ionic media. The fourth major breakthrough was the development of nonionic radiopaque contrast agents. In 1969, Torsten Almén [9], a Swedish radiologist, reported metrizamide (Amipaque from Neygaard), the first nonionic iodinated contrast medium. Subsequently, a group of low osmolar monomer nonionic media became available in the 1980s and even lower osmolar dimer nonionic media in the 1990s. They are much less toxic and have become the standard for intravascular X-ray imaging [4,10] Now we are trying out a new group of gadoliniumbased extracellular fluid agents developed for contrastenhanced magnetic resonance vascular imaging. There are four commercially available agents in the United State, one ionic and the rest nonionic. Interestingly, the only ionic of this group, gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist by Berlex Laboratories), is significantly more


Most Englishmen distinguished between two sorts of sport in the Early Modern period: one lawful and functional, the other disorderly and superfluous. Scholarly interest — dominated by the influence of Bakhtin's Rabelais and His World — has focused almost exclusively on the latter sort, insisting on the carnivalesque or subversive aspect of sports and recreations. Moving from an in‐depth discussion of the traditionally functional role of sport in England, this essay considers how the convergence of various social, economic, and technological factors in the sixteenth century has blinded us to the functionality of sport in the period. The essay argues that the recovery of functional sport leads to a more complete understanding of Early Modern conceptions of education, social stability, and health, among other phenomena.


The nitrous acid catalysed nitration of the phenols p-XC6H4OH (X = Me, NO2) gives 13C nuclear polarisation in the products and (for X = Me) also in the starting material.


women are more emotionally passive and dependent than men. It is to be expected that this theme appears predominantly in the writings of men, but what is more surprising is that it also prevails in the writings of women. This view seems to be shared by professional women in clinical psychology and child development as well as by feminists in other fields. Although most of the women authors believe that feminine dependency is due to expectations and conditioning, nonetheless both radicals and nonradicals alike accept the argument that women can be observed to have greater needs for help, support, and reassurance than do men. The sampling of quotations below illustrates how widespread is this point of view among American and European women concerned with sex differences and women's potential. &dquo;Adolescent girls are more dependent on and responsive to others in their social environment than are adolescent boys...&dquo; &dquo;


An ideal single-photon (1P) or multiphoton fluorescent nanoprobe should combine a nanocrystal with the largest possible 1P or two-photon (2P) absorption cross section and the smallest possible highly specific recognition molecules conjugated with the nanoparticle in an oriented manner. However, the conditions used for conjugation of typical recognition molecules (conventional antibodies, Abs) with nanoparticles often provoke their unfolding and/or yield nanoprobes with irregular orientation of Abs on the nanoparticle surface. Conjugation of smaller Ab fragments, such as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), with quantum dots (QDs) in an oriented manner can be considered as an attractive approach to engineering of ultrasmall diagnostic nanoprobes. QDs conjugated to 13-kDa sdAbs derived from camelid IgG or streptavidin have been used as efficient 1P or 2P excitation probes for imaging of cancer markers. The 2P absorption cross sections (TPACSs) for some conjugates are higher than 49,000 GM (Goeppert–Mayer units), which is close to the theoretical value calculated for CdSe QDs and considerably exceeds that of organic dyes. A further step in advanced QD-based cancer diagnostics has been made through implementation of efficient FRET-based imaging with 2P excitation, which has been demonstrated for double immunostaining complexes formed on the surface of cancer cells from sdAb–QD conjugates (donor) and a combination of monoclonal Abs and secondary antibodies labeled with the AlexaFluor dye (acceptor). The proposed approach permits obtaining an exceptional contrast of 2P imaging of cancer biomarkers without any contribution of cell and tissue autofluorescence in the recorded images.


Traditional buildings in Gaza old town, Palestine have been suffering from serious problems such as lack of conservation, outdated regulation, absence of public awareness


The invention relates to a locking system (1) for an article (3) foldable, in particular a scooter, this article is provided with at least two parts (5,7) hinged together; one of the parts (5), said fixed, receives the system (1), and the other parts (7), said mobile, is adapted to move relative to the fixed piece (5) from a position rest to an active position. The locking system (1) also comprises at least one locking pin (19) adapted to prevent at least the return to rest positon of the moving part (7) arranged in the active position. Moreover, the locking system comprises an actuator arranged to translate the locking pin (19) along its longitudinal axis (21), said locking pin (19) being capable of passing through the fixed part (5) for at least abut on the movable part (7) and maintain the article (3) in the active position. The invention also relates to a scooter equipped with such a locking system.


REVIEW - Hafez, Sherine and Slyomovics, Susan. Anthropology of the Middle East and North Africa: Into the New Millennium. xxiv + 387 pp. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2013.


Colleges offer many activities for students, and some students have trouble managing their time to fit everything in. The author, a recent college graduate, offers two time management strategies: study in between classes and be present in the moment.


The utility model provides a wellhead operation platform of oil well work, comprising a platform, a hinge type connecting piece, hanging frames and a fixing structure. The wellhead operation platform is characterized in that the platform is provided with a main framework with a steel wire net on one upper plane and two secondary frameworks which are provided with the steel wire nets on the upper planes and are symmetrically designed at the same two sides of the main framework; the main framework and the secondary frameworks are connected by the hinge type connecting piece; two hanging frames which are parallel and are upwards vertical are arranged in the middle part of the main framework between the secondary frameworks; the upper parts of the two suspending hanging frames are provided with hanging pieces for hanging well sealing devices; and the hanging frames are provided with fixing structures of the well sealing devices. The wellhead operation platform of the oil well work is applicable to a wellhead with the well sealing devices, can ensure that operating personnel are at the best operation position and is convenient to operate.


Infants and children need to absorb about 1 mg of iron per day. This is a disproportionate requirement, compared to adults, that derives from growth. Children consume less food than adults and their diet often consists of foods with little iron content and poor iron availability. This is the challenge that needs to be met in the prevention of iron deficiency in early life. Evidence is accumulating that iron deficiency may be associated with impaired function of various tissues (1). In the light of this knowledge, the objective of prevention during infancy and childhood should be not only to avoid the occurrence of anemia, but also to assure an adequate supply of iron to all tissues during this critical period of development. Ideally, prevention of a nutritional deficiency should be attained by the consumption of a good diet. Unfortunately, in the case of iron, this is not always possible, and it may be necessary to fortify the diet or give iron as a supplement. In this chapter, I shall briefly review the various interrelated approaches to the prevention of iron deficiency in infants and children. The importance of adequate dietary practices and of avoiding excess iron losses will be emphasized; the options of food fortification and iron supplementation will then be discussed.


The world scenario has undergone great upheaval during the last few years due to technological advancement, rapid industrialization, urbanization, developmental projects and unprecedented growth in population. This has resulted in irrecoverable destruction of natural resources affecting biosphere's environmental quality such as soil erosion, freshwater availability, food production, energy utilization, pollution loading, deforestation, desertification, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain etc. Nature is threatening to the mankind in the form of drought, floods, earthquake, landslides, epidemics, glacier melting, super cyclones etc. Environmental problems have reached up to a level where almost everyone is conscious of them. It is therefore, desirable to achieve wider societal change to catalyze, support and reinforce pro-environmental behavior. Pro-environmental are behaviors which consciously seek to minimize the negative impact of human actions on the natural and man-made environments. Change in mental attitude, way of thinking, living styles can contribute in shaping behavior in an eco-friendly direction. Present paper is an attempt to explore barriers of pro environmental behavior that is to understand why our attitude does not take shape of the behavior and to explore how to eradicate or minimize those obstacles.


This article evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of current estimation models and set up a specific estimation model for railway passenger volume. Based on the analysis of main factors that influence passenger volume, this model selects the indexes that are closely related to passenger volume and obtains an accurate estimation result for reference of decision makers.


Evolvement of Big Data technologies demanding huge amounts of data processing and big processing rates, as well as direct and close interactions of complicated systems prompts an idea of urgent improvement in international standards and protocols contributing to working out adequate requirements to modern Big Data technologies' operation. At present, these technologies have stepped far forward and require a new approach due to a change in data operation scale. Interactions with such 'Big Data' have to be regulated by the organizations which formulate requirements for handling huge information sets. At the same time issues of ensuring information security (IS) in such approaches cannot be considered properly worked out nowadays. The paper discusses existing standards in the field of Big Data, where reviewed with a gross emphasis on the adequate ensuring of its IS. This research is focused on how the issues of IS are solved in the existing standards and it attempts to work out some prognostications in the studied area.


The paper analyzed the situation of dispatching in Hubei grid to ensure the safety of grid being the core,taking the integrated dispatching management of province and prefecture being the support and proposed that the secondary system management,intelligent grid dispatching,technical support system construction innovation of "large scale operation" mode.


When conflicts emerge the media often become, intended or not, a key actor. It is through media that every party within a conflict attempts to convey its own narrative, contributing to a complex reality that affects journalists' work in many different ways. This article aims to reflect on Bläsi's (2004) factors of influence on conflict coverage in the context of media development in Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic. Developed from a western standpoint on war reporters covering foreign conflicts, we propose to adapt this model to 'local' contexts in order to provide a more holistic analysis of journalism in conflict settings, but also to propose entry points for constructive coordination among multiple media development actors. In this article, we discuss the audience dimension, the pressure put through lobbies, the journalists' personal features, the situation on-site, structural factors referring to the broader media and information system, and the political climate. We strive to offer a critique so as to adapt to the relevance of 'local' journalists living and reporting in conflict-affected areas, in which media development assistance often takes place, in opposition to international foreign correspondents that are deployed to cover far-away violent conflicts.