The features of the nonverbal side of communication in teaching English at a language university are considered. The basic postulates of linguocognitive science are given, justifying the importance of attention not only to language, but also extralinguistic means of communication in a foreign language lesson. The main obstacles that do not allow to focus properly on the nonverbal aspect of communication in English classes in the university environment are indicated. The close connection of gestures, facial expressions, body movements with the linguistic and cultural space within which they exist is substantiated. Classifications of such extralinguistic means are given with special emphasis on various types of gestures. Based on the analysis of a wide range of scientific papers on the problem of research, two large groups of functions of nonverbal communication tools and a number of private functions included in them are identified. The possible roles of extralinguistic means of communication in foreign language classes and scenarios of their use are determined. The possibility of widespread use of video materials, in particular, authentic English-language feature films for teaching students of a language university the non-verbal side of communication is substantiated. An example of one of the possible sequences of such training in extralinguistic means of communication on a linguocognitive basis is given.


AIM To establish an HPLC method for the assay of daphnetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in Zushima Plaster and their residual amounts used externally.METHODS The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus column(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid(15∶85) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 327 nm.Six healthy volunteers who were signed the informed consent applied three pieces of Zushima Plaster in their backs.The residual amounts of daphnetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in Zushima Plaster,one piece of which was tore off from each volunteers' back in 24,48,72 hours,were determined by HPLC.Then the residual rate was calculated.RESULTS The linear ranges of daphnetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin were 16.8-67.2 μg/mL(r=0.999 1) and 5-60 μg/mL(r=0.999 1),respectively,and their average recoveries were 100.58%(RSD of 1.62%,n=9) and 100.53%(RSD of 1.74%,n=9),respectively.The average residual rates of daphnetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in Zushima Plaster in 24,48,72 h were 69.45%,53.12%,30.00% and 93.23%,88.28%,86.74%,respectively.CONCLUSION HPLC determination shows that the plaster leaves more residual amounts of daphnetin and 7-hydroxycoumarin after being used externally,and the latter is comparatively abundant.


Vulnerability to drug addiction is thought to depend on genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors might influence addiction vulnerability by determining the nature and extent of drug-induced adaptations in the brain and may thereby increase sensitivity to environmental stimuli that are associated with drug reward. Recent studies implicate the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a diverse range of neuroadaptive and plasticity-related processes, including experience-dependent plasticity, suggesting that the ECM might also have a role in rendering an individual susceptible to addiction. In support of this, we previously found that reduced expression of the ECM protein brevican in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) after heroin self-administration increases vulnerability to cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. To further investigate the relation between brevican expression and addictive behavior, we assessed cocaine-induced associative learning in heterozygous brevican knockout mice (Bcan+/-) that showed reduced brevican levels (60% of wild-type), yet intact perineuronal nets. When conditioned with a low dose of cocaine, we found that Bcan+/mice showed enhanced expression of a cocaine-associated memory, with fear memory being unaffected. Rescue of brevican by viral expression in the dorsal hippocampus (dHC), but not in mPFC and NAc, of Bcan+/mice reduced conditioned cocaine seeking, whereas this effect was absent in contextual fear conditioning. Our data indicate that reduced brevican levels in the dHC augment sensitivity to cocaine reward learning, pointing to a role of ECM mediated plasticity in the development of addictive behavior.


A published theory of ventilation by natural convection has been verified by an experiment on a half-scale model open ridge livestock building. The neutral plane was observed at the height predicted by the theory. The predictions of the theory of the air velocity at the ridge vent were not significantly different from the measured values. The theory may be simplified by assuming the geometry of a vertical column. The simplified theory satisfactorily predicted the ventilation rates for building configurations when the neutral plane was above the side openings. When the neutral plane intersected the side openings, the simplified theory was no longer sufficiently accurate. Measurements made showed that a value of 0.50 is appropriate for co-efficient of discharge [Cd] for design of livestock buildings. For the building widths and roof slopes considered, these parameters had no significant effect on the value of Cd.


. Based on the vertex operator realization of the Schur functions, a determinant-type plethystic Murnaghan-Nakayama rule is obtained and used to derive a general formula of the expansion coef-ficient of s ν in the plethysm product s λ ◦ s µ . As an application, we provide a simpler way to compute generalized Warring formula.


The physicochemical parameters of water from 17 boreholes from 11 communities in the Bosomtwi-Atwima-Kwanwoma (BAK) District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana (West Africa) were determined within the period June 2006 to investigate their quality. Analyses were done on water samples for pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, colour, turbidity, SO4 2, Cl , PO4 3, NO2 , Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Na, K, Pb and humic acid. The UV-Visible Spectrophotometer was used to determine SO4 2, PO4 3, NO2 and humic acid concentration. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. A flame photometer was used for the determination of Na and K, and titrimetry was employed to measure alkalinity, hardness, and chloride content.


The jubilee article is devoted to the creative and pedagogical activity of Evelina Yakovlevna Khodosh, Honoured Worker of High School, Professor of Choral Conductors Department of Rostov Conservatoire


Popularization is one of the striking points of Marxist theoretical innovation in the new period. The Communist Party of China has successful experience,which absorbs excellent fruits of human civilization,and what's more,reflects reality,concerns human life,plays a role in ideological and political education so as to promote the Marxist popularization in the new period.


Abstract
We study the spatial diffusion of stock backdating, an instance of corporate misconduct about which public information was virtually absent until 2005. Contrary to the findings of Bizjack, Lemmon, and Whitby (2009), our results reveal that this "invisible" practice did not diffuse through board interlocks. Rather, stock backdating spread through geographic proximity: firms were more likely to backdate stock options to the extent that other firms located geographically close to them had done so. Lending support to the importance of localized interactions among members of the local business elite, the effect of geographical proximity was conditional on high levels of local board interlocks. Our findings regarding the differential impact of geographic proximity and board interlocks on the diffusion of this invisible practice are analogous to the diffusion pattern of controversial practices proposed by Davis and Greve (1997).


The objective of this study is to investigate clinical markers of early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using computerized neuropsychological tests. Forty patients with mild probable AD and 73 controls were studied. The groups were matched by sex, age and education. The MEL professional software was used to develop the tests. There were episodic memory (EM), short-term memory (STM) and choice reaction time (CRT) tests. Percentage of correct responses (PCR) and response latency (RL) were registered on each test. The t test was used to compare the groups. The AD group showed PCR significantly lower on EM and STM and showed RL higher on all other tests. The ROC analysis showed that EM, STM and CRT tests were sensitive and specific to discriminate the groups and therefore they were clinical markers of early AD.


Localization of membrane proteins via electron microscopy (EM) at high resolution is dependent on a robust detection technology and a sample preparation method that confers superior ultrastructural preservation of membranes. Current methods for precise localization rely on chemical fixation of the sample followed by alcohol dehydration at room temperature. The combination of these traditional methods exhibit poor preservation of membrane, induces membrane artifacts and affects resolution. High pressure freezing (HPF) of cells followed by heavy metal staining via freeze substitution (FS) in acetone at sub‐zero temperatures are techniques that exhibit the best possible membrane preservation. Therefore, we have developed a hybrid method that combines high pressure freezing with an existing peroxide based detection technique typically used with chemical fixation methods. As proof of concept, we assessed the localization of a fusion construct, consisting of the N‐terminus of HMG CO‐A protein fused with a peroxidase tag (that faces the cytosol). We exploited the induction of OSERs (organized smooth ER) in cells by the over‐expression of this N‐terminal fragment, as a metric for specific staining and membrane preservation. We next extended our studies to assess the localization of the sole human Fic (filament induced by cyclic AMP) protein, HYPE. We previously showed that HYPE resides in the ER lumen, but various global transcriptomic and proteomic studies suggest the existence of cytosolic and extracellular substrates for HYPE. Using our hybrid methodology, here we provide unequivocal evidence that the HYPE is compartmentalized within the various subdomains of the ER. We further demonstrate via serial sectioning, that our technique enables the localization of HYPE through a large volume of the cell. Our work thus aligns well with the three‐dimensional mapping of membrane proteins in large organelles using EM‐tomography in a near‐native cellular context.


This paper describes the use of a web based tool for guided VDU risk assessment by VDU workers: the Health and Safety Monitor. This tool consists of checklists which enable VDU workers themselves to draw up an inventory of the work situation. In addition they have to select measures for identified risks and effectuate them to minimise the chance of health related complaints and to improve efficiency. As all types of workstations should have access to the tool, it is web based. The OSH department is indicated to manage and supervise use of the tool. The results of VDU assessments are gathered and kept confidential for analysis by the OSH department. As risk assessment is part of the EU Directive for VDU work any change in office lay out should be evaluated formally. Automatic assessment of VDU related risks reduces costs compared to time consuming consultation of individual employees with questions/complaints at their workplace. Also VDU workers will get involved in being responsible for correct VDU work. The risk assessment modules of the Health and Safety Monitor will in future be extended with stretching exercises, pause programs, etc.


Global warming poses a potential threat to agricultural production and productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals of the world and provides more human food than any other cereal. The study reported in this paper, uses field experiments and simulation models to understand the impact of changing climate on growth and yield of maize plant. In field environment, growth and yield of maize was greatly affected by temperature changes associated with sowing dates. Yield was reduced in late sown crops due to the harmful effect of chilling temperature. Application of irrigation had positive effect on crop growth. Biomass and grain yield as well as other yield attributes were higher in irrigated treatments than the rainfed one. InfoCrop model satisfactorily simulated crop phenology, leaf area index, dry matter production and yield of maize in Delhi. Impact assessment of maize yield to temperature rise showed reduction in yield in both Delhi and Patna with atmospheric temperature rise during the kharif season with percentage reduction was similar in both locations. In rabi crop, future temperature increase initially showed a positive response up to 2 o C. Climate change is projected to reduce kharif maize yield in India, however, projected increase in rainfall may be beneficial in some locations during rabi season.


The central inspirations of non-alignment were political in nature. Nonaligned countries had sought to be independent of the great powers and of their military alliances and blocs. The concept of peaceful co-existence was designed to leave them free to pursue their own economic and social development. For many years, non-aligned countries thought of development primarily in national terms. Each country, acting alone, found itself in a condition of growing dependence on the richer countries. Therefore, it was natural that after the oil crisis of 1973 and the Declaration of the United Nations on the New International Economic Order, collective self-reliance should begin to be seen as the key element in the economic content of non-alignment. While non-aligned countries have continued to stress the dominance of politics above economics, they have increasingly acknowledged that their political goals will only be achieved to the extent economic aims are realized equally by individual countries, by groups of countries, and by all of them together. In this process, the distinction between the economic objectives of non-aligned countries and of "developing countries" in general has virtually disappeared and resolutions of the non-aligned countries have stressed their own role, not separately, but together with "other developing countries." In considering ways of achieving greater collective self-reliance, therefore, the two combinations, described respectively as the Non-aligned Movement and the Group of 77, can be viewed as one, representing the deeply felt need of all less developed countries both for a more equitable international system and for greater economic and technical co-operation amongst themselves.


Traffic Sign Recognition is nowadays widely used in the automobile industry, it provides a good solution for driver assistance systems, it can alert the driver and control or prohibit certain actions, and this can significantly increase driving safety and comfort. This paper presents a study to design, implement and test a method of detecting traffic signs, based on computer vision. The system implemented in this work contains two main modules: the first is the preprocessing module which is based on image processing features such as color segmentation, threshold technique, Gaussian filter, canny edge detection, and contours detection. The second is the detection module based on Polygonal Approximation of digital curves technic applied on contours to identify areas of the scene may contain traffic signs.. The development of the system is performed using the programming language C/C++ with the OpenCV library. The tests are performed on a set of real images of traffic with a complex background, to show the performance of the system being developed.


The chemical effects following isomeric transition of 127mTe in 127mTe(OH)6 crystals have been investigated. The influence of added crystal defects on the initial chemical distribution and on the thermal annealing reactions is negligible. A model based upon the hypothesis that the supply of charge carriers from the IT-formed fragments to the radio-active recoil atoms has been shown to account quantitatively for the data obtained for thermal annealing of the 127Te(IV) forming fragments.


Six dried human skulls were used to compare three dimensions in ten anatomical segments. Linear distances in-between metallic markers were measured and compared physically, and virtually on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes, panoramic (PAN) and periapical (PA) radiographs. The angular distances along the curved arches of both jaws (connecting the upper metallic markers) were measured using cords. One-way ANOVA (p-value < 0.05) tests were executed to statistically analyze the mean differences between physical and virtual distances measured. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the level of consistency of observers.


A networked intermittent system (NIS) is often deployed in the field for environmental monitoring, where sink nodes are responsible for relaying the data captured by sensors to a central system. To evaluate the quality of the captured monitoring data, Age of Information (AoI) is adopted to quantify the freshness of the data received by the central server. As the sink nodes are powered by ambient energy sources (e.g., solar and wind), the energy-efficient design of the sink nodes is crucial in order to improve the system-wide AoI. This work proposes the energy-efficient sink node design to save energy and extend system uptime. We devise an AoI-aware data forwarding algorithm based on the branch-and-bound (B&B) paradigm for deriving the optimal solution offline. In addition, an AoI-aware data forwarding algorithm is developed to approximate the optimal solution during runtime. The experimental results show that our solution can greatly improve the average data freshness for 148% against existing well-known strategies and achieves 91 % performance of the optimal solution. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm, our energy-efficient design can deliver better $A^{3}oI$ results by up to 9.6%.


Two pairs of resonance absorptions due to the lowest‐order even 1e and odd 1o surface modes along two axially magnetized polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet YIG rods of several lengths from 3 to 25 mm have been observed in an experiment where the ferrite rods were placed in a TE10 rectangular waveguide and in a cavity coupled with a current loop. One pair is 10e and 10o resonances whose magnetization in each rod precesses in phase over the rod length. The other pair is 11e and 11o resonances due to the half‐wavelength standing waves along the rods. The experimental results are compared with theory. Results of a rudimentary experiment on a magnetically variable directional coupler using these modes are also presented.


Many endothermic divers regularly exceed the theoretical limit to the duration of aerobic dives, suggesting that assumptions about either the oxygen storage capacity of tissues or the metabolic rate of divers are wrong. This study examined the frequency distributions of dive durations in five species of endothermic divers from the island of South Georgia, South Atlantic. The theoretical aerobic dive time (TADT), calculated from average field metabolic rates, was exceeded regularly by all species except the Antarctic fur seal (<6% of dives). In contrast, the gentoo penguin exceeded its TADT in 69% of dives and the elephant seal in 91%. The frequency distributions of dive durations were bimodal, most especially in the penguins, with one mode below the TADT and another above the TADT, suggesting two different physiological strategies for diving. Interspecific allometric comparisons of dive durations in endothermic divers showed that, in general, relative dive durations in seabirds were greater than in pinnip...


Let k be a positive integer and F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D,each one of functions in F has k zeros at least.Let P,Q be polynomials with deg(P)≥2(deg(Q))2(k+1).Let b be a finite nonzero complex number.If each pair of functions f and g in F satisfy that P(f)Q(f(k)) and P(g)Q(g(k)) share b in D,then F is normal in D.


A patient with a pseudoaneurysm at the site of the distal anastomosis of a saphenous vein coronary bypass graft is described. The aneurysm was resected. To our knowledge this is the first report of this complication after coronary bypass surgery.


Time‐bin encoding is an attractive method for transmitting photonic qubits over long distances with minimal decoherence. It allows a simple receiver for quantum key distribution (QKD) that extracts a key by measuring time of arrival of photons and detects eavesdropping by measuring interference of pulses in different time bins. In the past, coherent pulses have been generated using a CW laser and an intensity modulator. A greatly simplified transmitter is proposed and demonstrated here that works by directly modulating the laser diode. Coherence between pulses is maintained by a weak seed laser. The modulator‐free source creates time‐bin encoded pulses with a high extinction ratio (29.4 dB) and an interference visibility above 97 %. The resulting QKD transmitter gives estimated secure key rates up to 4.57 Mbit/s, the highest yet reported for coherent‐one‐way QKD, and can be programmed for all protocols using weak coherent pulses.


This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We have obtained classes of nonlinear solutions on curved geometries that demonstrate a novel interplay between topology and geometric frustration relevant for nanoscale systems. We have analyzed the nature and stability of localized oscillatory nonlinear excitations (multi-phonon bound states) on discrete nonlinear chains, including demonstrations of successful perturbation theories, existence of quasiperiodic excitations, response to external statistical time-dependent fields and point impurities, robustness in the presence of quantum fluctuations, and effects of boundary conditions. We have demonstrated multi-timescale effects for nonlinear Schroedinger descriptions and shown the success of memory function approaches for going beyond these approximations. In addition we have developed a generalized rate-equation framework that allows analysis of the important creation/annihilation processes in driven nonlinear, nonequilibiium systems.


by Anselma T. Dolcich-Ashley An analysis of US Catholic bishops" responses to ongoing developments in the sexual abuse crisis from 2002-2007 reveals a narrow institutional definition of the problem as a violation of determinate laws governing priestly celibacy. Perceiving sexual abuse as a breach of the Sixth Commandment codified as Canon Law overlooks other salient moral concerns such as culpably-cooperating church leaders, uncritical cultures of clericalism, governance structures closed to accountability, and abuses of human rights. However, reappropriating the Sixth Commandment by means of a Thomistic interpretation of the natural law addresses the crisis from within the Christian moral tradition, because it enables meaningful and legitimate analogical application from the foundational principle into broad areas of human interrelationships in the church (including governing relationships between clergy and the community). With this moral method, the Sixth shows greater theoretical cast and practical application in the sexual abuse crisis because its scope is not restricted to vow-violation. The crisis can be redefined as the failure of the entire Catholic community to observe the wisdom of this fundamental moral concept. The Sixth Commandment demands well-functioning communal sexual boundaries, which in turn require protection of the community"s members, a key task of church governing authority. In performing this task, church PRECEPT, RIGHTS AND ECCLESIAL GOVERNANCE: A MORAL-THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CATHOLIC SEXUAL ABUSE CRISIS IN THE U.S. Anselma T. Dolcich-Ashley governance must pass the test of plausibility in practical application and of consistency with Catholic moral principles and doctrinal commitment in order to be effective and authentic. As a community of human disciples, the church like all societies requires preemptive authority in governance in order to protect its members; as a relationship with the governed, church authority relies upon their assent and consent contributing in real (if limited) ways to ongoing communal discernment of the direction of governance in the church, including just demands for accountability. Claims of human rights by the victimsurvivors themselves hold their own unique moral and juridical authority to block status quo practices of governance (such as secrecy and material cooperation), and place duties upon "pastors and the other faithful" to find restoration in justice and peaceful and fruitful interaction for the sake of mission.


Abstract The wood anatomy of Nothofagus menziesii (Hook, f.) Oerst., N. fusca (Hook, f.) Oerst., N. truncala (Col.) Ckn., N. solandri (Hook, f.) Oerst. var. solandri, and N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook, f.) Poole, is described. The wood is diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct growth-rings. Vessels are solitary and in multiples, mainly of the radial type. Perforation plates are simple but some scalariform and reticulate plates also occur. Intervessel pits are alternate, opposite, and scalariform. Minute projections from cell wall into lumen are sometimes present in the tips of vessel elements. Vessel-ray pits are usually confined to ray margins and are round, oval, and radially elongated with or without border. Axial parenchyma is scarce and mostly confined to growth-ring boundaries. Polygonal crystals are occasionally present in axial parenchyma. Rays are heterogeneous and 1–2(3) cells wide. Fibres are sometimes septate. Tracheids are present in late-wood. The presence of silica grains ...


This paper extends the range of generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm proposed by Clark et al. based on a CARIMA model, and shows that it is also applicable for an ARMAX model and a CARMA model. Unified formulas are given to provide direct approach to GPC using model parameters without solving Diophantine equations. The extended GPC is applied for the control of a pneumatic actuator based on its ARX model built by neural network. The performance of designed GPC controller is impressive for its quick response and accurate tracking


Bone marrow-derived progenitor cell populations have been implicated in tissue regeneration and also in human disease pathology. This thesis investigated the hypothesis that Clara Cell Secretory Protein positive (CCSP) epithelial-like progenitor cells and circulating fibrocyte numbers are altered in human lung disease and injury, and aimed to determine the predictive value of these cell profiles. It was found that cystic fibrosis patients have an increased number of CCSP cells in their bone marrow and peripheral blood, while patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) have a decreased number. In addition, BOS and pulmonary fibrosis patients have increased circulating fibrocytes. In response to ischemia reperfusion injury, an increase in CCSP cells in the peripheral blood was found at 24 hrs following lung transplant. Lastly, in patients studied greater than 1-year from transplant, those diagnosed with BOS had a higher number of fibrocytes and a loss of CCSP peripheral blood cells when compared to patients with stable lung function, with increased fibrocytes being associated with time posttransplant. In these patients, the ratio of fibrocytes-to-CCSP cells was predictive of lung


One hundred and fifty-one Welsh Patagonians migrated to Australia between 1910 and 1916. A similar number of Welsh had sailed away to Patagonia in 1865 to start their own self-sufficient colony along the Chubut River in southern Argentina, free to speak and teach in Welsh, worship as they pleased, and to govern themselves. A magnet to a better life in Australia was the prospect of legal title to their own land. Migrating as groups, they separately formed two 'Welsh settlements' along the Murrumbidgee River of New South Wales and around Moora-Miling in Western Australia. Two large families who went to Darwin never took up their promised land. Drought, depression and poor quality land eventually dispersed these immigrants to all parts of Australia. This book traces the unique experiences of an almost complete group of immigrants, whose extensive kinship and affiliations kept alive their stories long enough for them to be related in this book. Rich personal testimonies gleaned from oral histories with sixty-three descendants, together with genealogical information spanning generations, are blended here with library and archival research from four countries. The result is a fascinating story of the connections of these Welsh Patagonians to Australia. Australian immigration encouragement policies are seen through the experiences of the Welsh Patagonians, casting new light on the application of Australian immigration policies and settlement schemes in the early twentieth century. Michele Langfield and Peta Roberts tell the epic story of the double migration of the hundreds of Welsh colonists who settled in southern Argentina and Chile after 1865, and who came on to Australia early last century. Traces the family groups and tells their stories through interviews with the participants.


Phase behavior of the four mono-carbon chain sodium fatty acyloxy isethionates(SAIs) was studied by X-ray diffraction,thermal gravimetric analysis,differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscope with heat stage.The results showed that the four mono-carbon chain SAIs have crystalline structure and they are heat-stable between 0 ℃ and 250 ℃ while begin to decompose considerably when heated beyond 250 ℃.There is only one crystalline phase in the four mono-carbon chain SAIs and have no phase transition when heated between 0 ℃ and 250 ℃.All the above investigations will be the theoretical support for further study of neutral composite soap that using SAIs as main additive.


A high resolution Fabry-Perot interferoineter has been used to study the translational dynandcs of ions in a divergent field ECR reactor. The degree of radial ion motion in the plasn'ia was characterized through measurements of the Doppler profiles of Ar and Cl emission lines at various operating pressures, optical orientations and itagnetic field configurations. Average translational energies for both Ar and Cl ions increase from 1.0eV to 2.5eV as the pressure is decreased from 2.OmTorr to 0.lmTorr. In addition, the application of a collimating magnetic field in the substrate region has a significant effect on the ion emission linewidth. A small Doppler shift is observed for emission collected along the axis of the reactor providing evidence for directed ion motion out of the source region of the plasma. These observations, coupled with Langmuir probe studies of the ion density and plasma potential suggest that radial electric field variations in the plasma contribute significantly to lateral ion motion.


epic snowstorm disrupted normal life in much of the Northeastern United States. The Blizzard of 1888 dumped more than 3 ft (91 cm) of snow in much of the Hudson Valley and Connecticut, while winds as high as 36 m s –1 created drifts of more than 20 ft (6 m); (Kocin 1983; Cable 1988). One hundred and five years later, another epic blizzard struck the Northeast. The Blizzard of 1993 was equally impressive, with incredible snow accumulation—such as 42 in. (107 cm) in Syracuse, New York —strong winds, and a paralyzing impact. However, despite the larger area and greater population affected by this storm, fewer human fatalities were attributed to the Blizzard of 1993 than to the Blizzard of 1888. Furthermore, within a few days after the Blizzard of 1993 ended, many businesses and schools resumed normal operations. Why did these two significant snowstorms have such dramatically different effects on society? In 1993, factors such as massive government intervention , cooperative behavior by the general public, and advances in forecasting ability and forecast dissemination allowed for adequate preparation, appropriate actions during the storm, and efficient cleanup operations afterward (Uccellini et al. 1995). While the mitigating influence of these factors may seem intuitive, surprisingly few researchers—either within or outside the meteorological community—have examined how nonmeteorological factors affect a snowstorm's impact. Although, Hart and Grumm (2001) and Zielinski (2002) have devised scales rating winter storms, only Rooney (1967) and Kocin and Uccellini (2004b) have created snowfall scales that incorporate any nonmeteorological factors. Rooney's five-category scale focused on snow's effects on transportation networks, while Kocin and Uccellini considered population in their Northeast snowfall impact scale. This author agrees with Kocin and Uccellini (2004b) that creating an easily understood scale that incorporates the range of snowstorm variability may be difficult. Nonetheless, an understanding of the significant factors that affect a snowstorm's im-pact—both meteorological and nonmeteorological Whether predicting or planning for snowstorms, forecasters, government, and the general public should consider both meteorological and human-caused variations inherent in snow events.


This paper introduces the formationh law of ammoniopotassium phosphate solid solution in the mixed solution and the mathematical expression as well as the new preparation process of ammoniopotassium phosphate solid solution fertilizer.


Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid lead bromide perovskites are candidates for high light yield, fast scintillators. In this paper, we discuss the effect of commensurate Lithium (Li)-doping (1 : 1 Li : Pb precursor ratio) on the scintillation properties of two previously reported high light yield 2D-perovskite crystals, PEA2PbBr4 and BA2PbBr4. The effect of Li, e.g. light yield enhancement, is more prominent in PEA2PbBr4 compared to BA2PbBr4. Both perovskite crystals show a broadening of the radioluminescence spectrum and a slightly longer afterglow, with residual scintillation below 2% after 5 s for both materials. The effects of Li on the negative thermal quenching exhibited by the perovskites are also discussed. Li doping increases the light yield of PEA2PbBr4 by 78% and both perovskite materials show an improvement in their energy resolutions, with a record of 7.7% at 662 keV for the Li-doped PEA2PbBr4. Both perovskite crystals also show very fast gamma-ray excited scintillation decays, with average times of 12.9 ns and 8.0 ns for PEA2PbBr4 and BA2PbBr4, respectively. This work shows that Li doping brings a significant improvement of the perovskite performance, making the perovskites more competitive for fast, high light yield applications in the medical, security or industrial sectors.


It is shown that injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) into the substantia nigra reticular part (SNrp) suppresses generalized convulsive activity induced in rats by picrotoxin and corazol injection but exerts no influence on the strichnine-induced seizures. The analogous DSIP injection causes the antiepileptic action in rats kindled through picrotoxin injections. The DSIP intranigral anticonvulsant action is blocked by naloxon and enhanced by haloperidol and yohimbin. It can be concluded that DSIP anticonvulsant action may be realized due to activation of SNrp-dependent opioid mechanisms and suppression of dopaminergic ones.


This paper addresses the representation of a wind power plant, based on wound rotor asynchronous generators, with a centralized voltage controller, by an equivalent transfer function, valid for small signal voltage control studies. This representation allows to investigate the influence of the centralized plant control gain and short circuit ratio on the system stability, for instance, by analyzing the zero-pole placement.


Abstract : The primary work under the "Disparate Ontology Understanding, Brokering, Linking, and Elaboration (DOUBLE)" effort is OpenCyc, the publication of an open-content version of Cycorp's upper ontology together with a freely distributable knowledge base store and deductive inference engine. OpenCyc is one of the largest and most comprehensive reference ontology for the Semantic Web. The other part of the effort consisted of developing an automatic web page annotator, that takes unstructured web page text as input; and outputs OWL statements corresponding to relationships between entities parsed from the text. This tool is intended to facilitate OWL adoption by automating the initial stages of the process and flattening the otherwise steep learning curve.


The S3-3 data set has been examined for examples of perpendicular ion acceleration with simultaneous broadband plasma wave data. One event was found. Plasma waves in the frequency range for lower hybrid waves and in the frequency range for Doppler-shifted O+ ion cyclotron waves modestly correlated with the perpendicular ion acceleration, although their electric field amplitudes were less than that assumed in present theories of ion acceleration: about 0.2–6 mV/m (rms) for the LHR waves and 4–9 mV/m (rms) for the possible Doppler-shifted O+ cyclotron waves. Plasma waves propagating above the LHR frequency very briefly reached a value of 30 mV/m (rms), but during most of the event their amplitude was below 10 mV/m (rms). No evidence was found for the existence of H+ cyclotron waves during the period of perpendicular ion acceleration. The thermal or superthermal (Ee < 170 eV) electron field-aligned current density, estimated by subtracting the current density measured by the electron spectrometer from that measured by the magnetometer, correlated very well with the period of perpendicular ion acceleration. However, the drift velocity was too small to excite instabilities locally.


The present article is concerned with a study of a kind of plastic (EVA) blended with elastomer (CSM) and the effects of the blend. As is found in our experiments, the flame-retardancy would be enhanced when the elastomer phase was crosslinked. And the highest flame-retardancy can be obtained in the presence of Sb2O3/Chlorohor. Additive flame-retardants prove to hamper the heat-shrinkability of the blend to some extent, which depends on the various factors, such as blending composition, temperature, curing, etc. The depression of shrinkability in the presence of flame-retarding agents would be less for the cured sample and elastomer-rich blend when compared with the uncured and plastic-rich blends, respectively. Therefore, it can be found that with the increase in the cure time and elastomer content the shrinkability and the flame-retardancy would be enhanced. At high temperatures, the sacrifice of the shrinkability in the presence of flame retardants would also increase, for some particular blends. Parameters such as blending composition, curing time and elevated temperature, all may affect the microstructure of the blend, and the control of the shrinkage property of the blends. Lower shrinkability has thus been found due to the interference of flame-retarding agents. For cured samples and elastomer-rich blends, the flame-retardancy would become greater and the sacrifice of shrinkability would thus be weakened. It is also found that crystallinity of the blend also proves to play a role in determining the flame-retardancy as well as the heat shrinkability. The desired communication of heat shrinkability and flame-retardancy of the thermoplastic/elastomer blends can thus be obtained through optimization of the above parameters given the correlation of shrinkability and flame-retardancy with various parameters.


An ECR cathodeless magnetic-nozzle plasma thruster currently under development at ONERA is presented and characterized experimentally. The influence of the source diameter on the thruster performance is investigated. At microwave powers of about 30 W and a xenon flow rate of 1 SCCM, electrostatic probe measurements estimate a net thrust force of about 1 mN and a specific impulse close to 1000 s, which makes it already a potentially interesting candidate for microsatellite propulsion system. Nomenclature ωce = cyclotron pulsation ωrf = microwave pulsation Pabs = Absorbed power Fp = Thrust Force i m = Ion mass flow rate g m = Neutral mass flow rate Ei = Kinetic Ion Energy vi = mean ion velocity Ji = Ion Current density Ii = Ion Current R1 = Inner radius cylinder R2 = Outer radius cylinder Ls = Length plasma source μ = Magnetic moment ECR = Electron Cyclotron Resonance Isp = Specific Impulse PhD student, Instrumentation and physics department and Physics of Plasma Laboratory, firstname.lastname@example.com Research Engineer, Instrumentation and physics department, email@example.com Post-Doctoral research fellow, Instrumentation and physics department and Physics of Plasma Laboratory, firstname.lastname@example.com Research Engineer, Instrumentation and physics department, email@example.com Research Engineer, Instrumentation and physics department, firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper presents the framework and results of the cluster analysis of a selected set of Arabidopsis (a leafy plant) genes in the presence of insect-feeding and wounding stress. We outline the methodology by which we coupled the results of a microarray experiment with the Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of each gene to produce aggregate relational data. Our method combines two relational matrices: one matrix is derived from a fuzzy GO similarity measure and another is derived from the microarray data using a statistical similarity measure. Finally, we used a fuzzy clustering algorithm (NERFcM) and a validity measure (CCV) to cluster and validate the resulting relational data. Results are presented that outline the functional summarization of the clusters. The methods presented here give microarray researchers additional tools to investigate relations between gene expression and gene functions.


The Chewa of central Malawi are not known for their art and are rarely mentioned in the art historical literature. Yet they do have a rich tradition of basketry and carved masks, including two large and intricate basketry masks previously published only in a few Chichewa writings.' Known as Kasiyamaliro and Chimkoko, they are used in initiation rituals for the men's Nyau secret society. I researched these Nyau masks from 1984 to 1986 through fieldwork, interviews, and reviews of available material in Malawi.2 Research on this secret society has been done before, but a great deal of it refers primarily to the Mang'anja people in the southern region, around Chancellor College in Zomba.3 Only a few Malawian writers and longtime expatriates have studied Nyau among the Chewa, and their descriptions of customs, most written in the local language, have been incomplete. Even less has been published on the masks, particularly the basketry masks. Penalties for society members who reveal Nyau secrets are severe, so open discussions are rare. Another reason for the dearth of material on Chewa culture is their


period. Trehalose can serve as an energy source, since Bucher & Klingenburg (1958) found a pronounced fall in concentration after 2 hr. flight in LocuBta, and a similar result was found in Phormia (Evans & Dethier, 1957). Before the time of moulting, chitin is required for the formation of the new cuticle, and it seems possible that the Nacetylglucosamine units in it may be ultimately derived from the trehalose carbohydrate store.


Objective To illuminate the mechanism of molecular interaction of breviscapine with the lecithin membrane,its oral absorption mechanism,and explain the factors which influence the entrapment efficiency of liposomal breviscapine.Methods The liposome/water partition coefficient (P lip/W) of breviscapine was determinated by equilibrium dialysis.Results The P lip/W of breviscapine increases with the increase of pH,which is different from the P O/W.Meanwhile,P lip/W becomes larger when lecithin concentration increases.Conclusions The other interaction besides hydrophobic interaction,such as ionic interaction,hydrogen bond etc,play a main role in the molecular interaction between breviscapine and lecithin membrance.The possible reason of the poor oral absorption of breviscapine is due to the other oral absorption mechanism of breviscapine besides the simple passive transportation.And the results can explain the fact that the entrapment efficiency of the liposomal breviscapine increases with the increasing concentration of the lecithin in the formulation.


This thesis is written based on embedded Linux system with 2.6 kernel and S3C2410 Microprocessor platform. The LCD driver framework and several important data structures based on framebuffer are analyzed in depth by the introduction of the working principle of framebuffer. And the implementation method of LCD driver is provided in this thesis.


The present research is a survey of the genus Diplazium Sw. (Dryopteridaceae) in the Parana State. The delimitation of the species was based on morphological characters and it was possible to recognize 11 species with the obtained data. Identification Key for the species, descriptions, comments, geographycal distribution and illustrations are presented.


Biofilm is an alternative packaging for food products in the form of thin layers made from natural materials that are safe to use and for consumption. One of the materials used in the manufacture of biofilms is starch. However, starch-based biofilms have a weakness, namely their low water resistance. The addition of green cayenne pepper leaf extract is thought to improve the physicochemical properties as well as the potential to become antimicrobial for biofilms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of green cayenne leaf extract on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of cassava starch biofilm. The green cayenne leaf extract formulations used in this study were F0 (control), F1 (1 ml), F2 (1.5 ml), F3 (2 ml), F4 (2.5 ml) and F5 (3 ml) with 3 repetitions each. The results of this study indicate that the addition of green cayenne leaf extract has a significant effect on thickness (0.17-0.26 mm), tensile strength (2.25-5.87 Mpa), elongation (44.9-81.9 % ), solubility (23.1-27.6 %), water vapor permeability (5.20-9.23 g/m.s.kPa), moisture content (11.3-11.8 %) and microbial inhibition on F5 results in higher values of F0 and F1.


The article reflects the criminological characteristics of the personality made crime in negligence. The crimes have everyday nature and they may be premeditated crimes as well. This type of crimes is common for people aged 25 to 29 years old. Often these people don't have higher education, a particular source of income and employment. Emotional sphere of the people is characterized by features typical of violent criminals. This information about the criminals efficiently helps to prevents the types of criminal offences.


AbstractThe geometry and behavior of the polygonal eye of Typhoon Sinlaku (T0216) are presented both objectively and quantitatively based on the ground-based radar data by using two types of spectral analyses (i.e., Fourier analysis and time–space cross-spectral analysis). The analyses reveal that the azimuthal wavenumber-2 perturbation is dominant even when the apparent shape of the eye seems pentagonal. Then the wavenumber-5 perturbation dominates second in most of the analytical period although it becomes most dominant during the typhoon's passage over Okinawa Island, Japan. The counterclockwise phase shift is seen not only in these perturbations but also in, at least, the wavenumber-4, -5, and -6 perturbations. Except for the wavenumber-2 perturbation, the angular velocities are around 130° h−1 and almost coincide with each other. The radial wind profile estimated from the surface observational data suggests the existence of a ring-shaped high-vorticity region enclosing the core of the typhoon. This i...


The performance and reliability of satellite are determined by aviation system (AS) scheme, because AS is the management center of satellite and it performs the mission of parameters collecting, data dealing, information extraction and various control mode executing, etc. The bus-based micro-satellite aviation system scheme was proposed and the corresponding T- timed discrete PetriNet model was designed. Then the performance analysis and evaluation was discussed. The mathematical simulation results show that the bus-based aviation system is more suitable in or-board real time computation.


Millets are the major substitute for cereals such as rice and wheat. For developing country like India, millets hold immense importance as the cost of production is low and has high nutritional values. Various policy interventions are made by government of India from time to time to popularise its consumption and production. Few major policy interventions were made in last decade and inclusion of coarse cereals under Food Security Bill is one among them. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out at ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi during 2018 to know the impact of policy interventions on the price index of Ragi. Further, we have introduced these interventions in the model using structural break analysis. The volatile Ragi price index series were modelled and forecasted using popular class of Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) models and its asymmetric extensions. The results indicated improvement in modelling and forecasting performance of the models after incorporation of the policy interventions. Study has empirically highlighted the positive impact of policies introduced.


Lutein is a natural and efficient food additive which can be used as eatable pigment and also can be used as nourishment.The leaching process of the carotenoid (mainly lutein) from the sericulturist and the technology parameter are introduced in this paper.


In preliminary studies of terrestrial orchids of the Thunder Bay region Cypripedium reginae showed greatest promise as a species for the investigation of the effects of temperature, light, and nutrients. The orchid was grown from seed in sterile cultures on agar slopes of media consisting of various combinations of minerals, sugars, casein hydrolysate, yeast extract, potato extract, the vitamins thiamine, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine, and the aminopurines kinetin, kinetin riboside, 6(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine, and zeatin.Better germination and growth occurred at 25 °C vs. 15 °C. Germination was better in the dark than in the light. The young protocorms are adversely affected by light until a crucial stage of development is reached. Premature exposure to light, even at the low intensity of 70 lm/ft2, caused mortality.There was no germination on sterile-distilled-water agar or on mineral media alone. Mineral–sugar media produced fairly healthy plantlets; better results were obtained with sucrose, de...


Objective:Integrin &agr;v&bgr;5 has been identified as a regulator of vascular leak and endothelial permeability. We hypothesized that targeting &agr;v&bgr;5 could represent a viable treatment strategy for sepsis. Design:Integrin &bgr;5 subunit knockout and wild-type 129/svJae mice and wild-type mice treated with &agr;v&bgr;5 blocking or control antibodies were tested in models of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell and human lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were treated with &agr;v&bgr;5 antibodies to assess for effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in transendothelial resistance and on patterns of cytoskeletal reorganization. Setting:Laboratory-based research. Subjects:Mice and endothelial cell monolayers. Interventions, Measurements, and Main Results:Measurements taken after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and/or cecal ligation and puncture included mortality, vascular leak, hematocrit, quantification of a panel of serum cytokines/chemokines, and assessment of thioglyccolate-induced leukocyte migration. &bgr;5 knockout mice had decreased mortality after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture and decreased vascular leak, as measured by extravasation of an I125-labeled intravascular tracer. Treating clinically ill mice with &agr;v&bgr;5 antibodies, up to 20 hrs after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture, also resulted in decreased mortality. &agr;v&bgr;5 antibodies attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced transendothelial resistance changes and cytoskeletal stress fiber formation in both human umbilical vein endothelial cell and human lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. &agr;v&bgr;5 antibodies had no effect on cytokine/chemokine serum levels after cecal ligation and puncture. &bgr;5 knockout mice and wild-type controls did not exhibit differences in thioglyccolate-induced leukocyte migration. Conclusions:Our studies suggest that &agr;v&bgr;5 is an important regulator of the vascular endothelial leak response in sepsis and that &agr;v&bgr;5 blockade may provide a novel approach to treating this devastating disease syndrome.


Polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been deposited at 450°C onto glass and silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). The used source was a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 25 ns, 5 Hz, 2 J/cm2). The effects of glass and silicon substrates on structural and optical properties of ZnO films have been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZnO films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite—type structure with a strong (103) orientation and have a good crystallinity on monocrystalline Si(100) substrate. The thickness and compositional depth profile were studied by Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The average transmittance of ZnO films deposited on glass substrate in the visible range is 70%.


Publisher's Office Production Editor Valerie Oliveiro Singapore firstname.lastname@example.com Predictive value of residency application items The selection of applicants for residency is based on the assumption that application items predict future performance. Which items are most useful is not well understood. In a study reported in this issue of the journal, Kenny et al. use metaanalysis to investigate which application items are associated with doctor performance. Standardised examinations and medical school grades show the strongest positive associations with performance. Minimal positive or no associations were seen for the interview, reference letters and dean's letter. Objective application items are potentially the most useful to residency selection committees based on current evaluative methods. However, conclusions are limited by a paucity of longterm doctor performance outcomes in the literature.


The system of an acousto-optic processor for phase and frequency measurements is considered in the paper. Interaction between the laser light and acoustic waves result in appearance of the interference pattern in the focal plane a 600 mm lens. All parts of the AO system are discussed in details. The analyze of the disturbing factors influence on the interference pattern is also discussed.


OFDM is a multicarrier modulation scheme with high bandwidth efficiency and robustness to multipath environment used in high data rate transmission. However, a drawback of this system is the large peak-to-average-power ratio (PAR) of the transmit signal which makes its straightforward implementation quite costly. PAR in an OFDM based system can be reduced significantly by PTS method for which data recovery requires side information (SI) about the phases used at transmitter. Sending SI, not only reduces the rate, but also increases BER, for any error in SI detection can damage a large amount of transmitted information. By introducing a new phase set, we propose a PTS based method for MPSK modulation that doesnpsilat need to explicitly send side information. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of proposed method in PAR reduction at the expense of adding a little more complexity to the receiver structure. The main drawback of this method is BER degradation in modulations with alphabet size greater than 8. To reduce BER, another algorithm based on set partitioning is suggested. Simulation results show that by degradation of about 0.4dB in PAR reduction, SNR can improve about 2dB when the modulation is 16PSK.


Background:  Dengue is the most common mosquito borne endemo-epidemic arboviral infection in many of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Dengue virus (DEN) is a small single-stranded RNA virus comprising of four distinct serotypes (DEN-1 to -4). Dengue virus infections were grouped into three categories: undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). This study was done to analyze the clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters of dengue fever. Methods: 100 patients admitted to AMC / IMC / WARDS of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital Warangal, Telangana, India during the period November 2012 - October 2013, presenting with acute febrile illness who are IgM seropositive for dengue and satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients belonging to the age group of above 12 years, belonging to both sexes were selected and included in the study group. Results:  A total of 100 patients admitted to our hospital with fever and IgM dengue positive were studied. Out of 100 patients, 81 (81%) patients were diagnosed to have DF. 10 (10%) patients were diagnosed to have dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 9 (9%) patients were diagnosed to have dengue shock syndrome (DSS) based on WHO criteria. The present study included 53 (53%) male patients and 47 (47%) female patients. Male to female ratio is 1.13:1. Conclusions:  In our study classical dengue fever was the most common clinical presentation followed by complicated forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. On investigation deranged liver function tests, renal function tests, ascites, hepatospleenomegaly on ultrasonography and pleural effusion on chest radiography are more commonly seen in patients with DHF and DSS. Platelet count does not correlate with the severity of the disease.


It is generally believed that the Commonwealth Government's efforts to ban public performances of Clifford Odet's play Till the Day I Die in 1936 were a response to objections by the German consul and that its policy was an aspect of appeasement. In this paper it is suggested that the government's response was not determined by the consul's protest but by its own desire to curb the activities of the Communist Party. The paper aims to show that the main objections to the play were its communist propaganda content and its presentation by New Theatre, a party front; that several other complaints of anti-German sentiment in films and plays made by the consul were not acted upon; and that the movers in the affair were not politicians but key figures in the Commonwealth Investigation Branch and their allies in other Commonwealth and state security agencies.


We discuss a phenomenological method which allows to determine the singular asymptotic behaviours for a pure fluid at equilibrium, when the liquid-gas critical point and the tangent plane to the characteristic surface of this point are localized experimentally, in the pressure, density and temperature coordinates.


Multi-version graph processing has been widely used to solve many real-world problems. The process of the multi-version graph processing typically includes: (1) a history graph version switching at a specific time and (2) graph processing on this history graph. Existing multi-version graph systems assume ideally that every request for a particular graph version at a particular time will have a corresponding snapshot available. However, in most cases, this is not true. Then existing solutions usually have to settle with an "approximating" version as a substitute, leading to unexpected results for the underlying graph algorithm and thus reducing the practicality of a multi-version graph system for many application scenarios significantly.In this paper, we observe that only a few graph updates have a great impact on the final results. We therefore present AFaVS, a novel multi-version graph system that can improve accuracy effectively in both time- and memory-efficient manners. The cornerstone of AFaVS lies in a novel concept "value" that characterizes the importance of graph updates. AFaVS proposes differential management of updates based on their values and achieves higher accuracy while preserving processing and memory efficiency. AFaVS is also equipped with value-guided version switching and locality-aware optimizations to boost its overall efficiency. Our results on a variety of real-world datasets show that AFaVS outperforms four state-of-the-art multi-version graph systems by 74.35%~95.72% in terms of accuracy improvement and 57.03%~90.44% in terms of memory reduction while introducing less than 2.96% extra computing time. We have deployed AFaVS in a disaster recovery system on the production cluster of Alibaba, achieving 78.8%~90.1% fewer error rates than advanced systems at a comparable efficiency.


This paper questions current policy discourses that equate student success with hard outcomes like retention, completion and employment. It offers another view, one that uses 'soft' outcomes and student engagement literature to widen our understanding of student success. In the paper, we first draw on literature to explore student engagement, usually understood as a means to achieve success, and 'soft' outcomes as acceptable student outcomes, as success. We present possible indicators for these forms of success and a matrix of factors which influence such success. We then examine these ideas using data gathered from a project that investigated success as experienced by post-school foundation learners in Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The findings suggest that the ideas have value. Finally, we identify some implications for teachers, arguing that, contrary to some current views, all four quadrants in the matrix are the business of teachers.


The development of human activities was associated with marine and ocean coastal zone in all the times. Territorial development of economy and trade has been based in the coastal zone since the ancient times. As early as then time, for example, a trade fleet had used harbors and approach channels, like strategic elements of trade, which had been situated in the coastal areas and adjacent waters. Now a days, coastal zone is one of the most exploited and attractive investment areas in the world economy with a huge pressure on the environment. Authors made the comparative evaluation of common international methods of strategic environmental assessment, analysis of their applicability to the coastal zone of the Russian Federation, proposals for the improvement and adaptation of the described methods for the Russian conditions. In this paper was shown that Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) (that is zoning of marine space) tool is one of the ways to sustainable exploration the coastal zone. In this stream the comparison of basic Russian and Finnish laws, decrees and other normative acts on ecological and environmental protection as the neighboring and marine countries was made. The elaboration of common principles and approaches will lead to environmental conservation and sustainable environmental and ecological-friendly development of the coastal zone of the Russian Federation.


PURPOSE
Dose limiting structures, such as the duodenum, render the treatment of pancreatic cancer challenging. In this multi-institutional study, we assess dosimetric differences caused by interfraction pancreas-to-duodenum motion using MR-IGRT to determine the potential impact of adaptive replanning.

METHODS
Ten patients from two institutions undergoing MRI-guided radiotherapy with conventional fractionation (n=5) or SBRT (n=5) for pancreatic cancer were included. Initial plans were limited by duodenal dose constraints of 50 Gy (0.5 cc)/31 Gy (0.1 cc) for conventional/SBRT with prescriptions of 30 Gy/5 fractions (SBRT) and 40-50 Gy/25 fractions (conventional). Daily volumetric MR images were acquired under treatment conditions on a clinical MR-IGRT system. The correlation was assessed between interfractional GTV-to-duodenum positional variation and daily recalculations of duodenal dose metrics. Positional variation was quantified as the interfraction difference in Hausdorff distance from simulation baseline (ΔHD) between the GTV and proximal duodenal surface, or volume overlap between GTV and duodenum for cases with HD0 =0 (GTV abutting duodenum). Adaptation was considered indicated when daily positional variations enabled dose escalation to the target while maintaining duodenal constraints.

RESULTS
For fractions with ΔHD>0 (n=14, SBRT only), the mean interfraction duodenum dose decrease from simulation to treatment was 44±53 cGy (maximum 136 cGy). A correlation was found between ΔHD and dosimetric difference (R2 =0.82). No correlation was found between volume of overlap and dosimetric difference (R2 =0.31). For 89% of fractions, the duodenum remained overlapped with the target and the duodenal dose difference was negligible. The maximum observed indication for adaptation was for interfraction ΔHD=11.6 mm with potential for adaptive dose escalation of 136 cGy.

CONCLUSION
This assessment showed that Hausdorff distance was a reasonable metric to use to determine the indication for adaptation. Adaptation was potentially indicated in 11% of the treatments (fractions where GTV-to-duodenum distance increased from simulation), with a feasible average dose escalation of 7.0%. MB, LH, JO, RK, PP: research and/or travel funding from ViewRay Inc. PP: research grant from Varian Medical Systems and Philips Healthcare.


The present work was carried out to investigate the effect of Sonchus oleraceus (SO) and Malva parviflora (MP) leaves on acute liver diseases in rats fed on a high-fat diet. Forty-five adult male Albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used and divided into three main groups as follows: The first main group was fed on a basal diet "BD", as a control negative group (-ve). The second main group was fed on a high-fat diet "HFD", as a control positive group (+ve). The third main group was injected with a single dose of CCL4 in paraffin oil (50% v/v 4ml/kg) subcutaneous injection to induce acute damage in the liver. Then the rats were divided into 7 groups as a following: Group (1): was fed on the high-fat diet, as a control positive group (+ve) Groups (2 and 3): were fed on a high-fat diet containing 2% and 4% SO, respectively. Groups (4 and 5): were fed on a high-fat diet containing 2% and 4% MP, respectively. Groups (6 and 7): were fed on a high-fat diet containing (1% SO and 1% MP) and (2% SO and 2% MP), respectively. The results revealed that total lipids and liver enzymes are increased except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and protein in rats fed on HFD (control +ve ) and (control +ve) compared to the negative control group. Enas Ashraf Elokda, Entsar Saad Shaaban, Sonia Saleh El-Marasy and Ashraf Abd El-Aziz Abd ElMegeid 1Home Economics Dept., Women's College, Ain Shams University and graduate student, Nutrition and Food Science Dept. Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Egypt. 2Biochemistry and Nutrition, Home Economics Dept., Women's College, Ain Shams University 3Nutrition and Food Science Dept. Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University


A fermented kudzu beverage was developed using the starter composed of Bifidobacterium, Thermophil streptocoaus and Bulgaria lactobacillaceae with a ratio of 1:1:1. The optimal fermentation process for kudzu beverage production was determined to be fermentation for 10 h at 40 ℃ with an inoculation size of 6.0% using kudzu milk solution with 70% milk and 1.5% glucose as fermentation substrate by one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal array design methods. The acidity and total amount of viable Bifidobacteria in products fermented under these optimal conditions were 0.52% and 7.14 × 107 CFU/ml. Meanwhile, the obtained products exhibited a nice taste.


Despite their potential significance for public policy and health provision in different societies, popular conceptualizations of and social responses to severe psychiatric illness remain relatively unexamined. Two general research procedures may be identified: (1) the anthropological approach uses ethnographic methods to look at explicit categorizations, and (2) the sociological approach employs quantitative survey methods to examine the public `stigma' of psychiatric illness. This article reviews methodological and conceptual approaches to the study of stigma and describes the development of an ethnographically grounded questionnaire to examine `stigmatization' from data in different cultures. The difficulties of achieving cross-cultural comparability of meaning are discussed and the psychometric properties of the instrument are presented.


The utility model discloses a self-force application bicycle, which comprises a frame, a front wheel, a rear wheel, a handle bar, a saddle and a pedal driving system, wherein a cross beam is arranged above the frame; the front end of the cross beam is hinged with the front part of the frame; an elastic resetting mechanism is arranged between the rear part of the cross beam and a rear fork; the saddle is arranged on the middle part of the cross beam; a rear wheel shaft is provided with a force collection gear; a force application rack is vertically arranged in match with the force collection gear; the upper end of the force application rack is hinged with the cross beam; the rear wheel comprises a tire and a wheel body; a force collection spiral spring is arranged in the wheel body; the end part of the outer ring of the force collection spiral spring is connected with the wheel body; the end part of the inner ring of the force collection spiral spring is connected with a rotary sleeve which is arranged on the rear wheel shaft; a ratchet and pawl anti-reversion device I is arranged between the rotary sleeve and the force collection gear; and a ratchet and pawl anti-reversion device II is arranged between the rotary sleeve and the rear wheel shaft. A middle shaft of the pedal driving system is arranged on a secondary frame; and the upper end of the secondary frame is connected with the cross beam. The force produced during pitching is released to the bicycle through the force collection spiral spring, so that the bicycle is light and labor-saving to ride.


Rationale Vitamin D has been known to have an important role as an anti-inflammatory agent and immune modulator. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchogenic carcinoma. Patients and methods The study population consisted of 58 patients. All were male patients and were divided into two groups: group A consisted of patients with COPD (n=30) [diagnosed by history, examination and pulmonary function testing and further evaluated by BMI, 6 min walk test and oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SpO2)] and group B (n=28) consisted of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma not having COPD (diagnosed by history, examination, pulmonary function testing to exclude COPD, computed tomography chest and biopsy, which was obtained through fibreoptic bronchoscopy, ultrasound guided or computed tomography guided). All were tested for 25-OH vitamin D3/D2. Results The relation between vitamin D deficiency and COPD severity was studied, revealing no statistically significant correlation. The relation between vitamin D deficiency and bronchogenic carcinoma revealed a statistically significant correlation. Although vitamin D deficiency was not statistically significant among different histological types of bronchogenic carcinoma, vitamin D level (mean±SD: 53.15±17.61) was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than that found in small cell cancer (30.32±14.83) and adenocarcinoma (22.75±8.67). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency has been known to have an impact on the respiratory system. We were not able to find a relation linking COPD to vitamin D deficiency. However vitamin D deficiency seemed to be more related to the development of bronchogenic carcinoma. Although the type of bronchogenic carcinoma did not show statistical significance regarding deficiency of vitamin D. Squamous cell carcinoma patients didn't show deficiency in contrast to other types. Vitamin D deficiency seemed related to bronchogenic carcinoma more than it is to COPD.


Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short repeated sequences commonly found in the human genome. They provide many advantages to forensic sciences, such as identifying individuals, estimating the likelihood of kinship, and analyzing mixtures. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, e.g., ForenSeq Signature Prep, have been proposed for sequencing STRs, obtaining the sequence of each locus and SNPs, and inferring length-based alleles. However, even though the sequenced STRs from ForenSeq offer more insights into the STRs, which lead to the genetic analysis of population and sub-population structures, no open-source software platform enables the collection and management of STR data from NGS and incorporates related analysis tools in one place. Here, we introduce STRategy, a standalone web-based application supporting essential STR data management and analysis capabilities. The analyzed data will be visualized in various forms, for example, charts, maps, and pattern alignments. The system implemented a role-based access control that allows users to search or access specific data depending on their responsibilities. It enables public users to search for data. In addition, they can view statistical data, for example, detailed alleles and genetic variation. Lab users can add, update, and see the information of individuals and explore pattern alignments for a specific locus within the population. Administrators can customize the system, for example, configure maps according to the samples' geographic data, and manage reference STR repeat motifs. We designed and developed the STRategy using software engineering principles for flexible extension and easy deployment utilizing the Docker container. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/cucpbioinfo/STRategy. Also, we deployed a showcase system on a cloud computing service where its URL is included on the GitHub repository. The current version only supports the ForenSeq sample detail report files.


This new book bridges the gap between two disparate areas of supercritical fluid research: principles of behavior and applications. It includes outlines on the principles of physiochemical properties, chemical reactions, and phase equilibria of supercritical fluids; and applications of supercritical fluids to chromatography, fuel and fractionation and separation from the perspective of the behavior principles. The editors have provided a transition from fundamentals to applications within each section. The initial chapter provides a basis and focus for ensuing chapters.


mites are active reservoirs and carriers of many infective diseases of to man to borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis. was a temperature maximum - more than 27-300C and a decrease in humidity to less than 70 %. During this period, virtually all stages of mites fell into the state of diapause. Arthropods attacked their victims mainly in the parks and squares of the city of Ternopil. There were cases of mites attacks on children directly in the adjoining to the houses green regions and at playgrounds. Obviously, the presence of mites in such areas within the city is supported by a number of mammals, including mammals, birds, and pets. The analysis of the epidemiological state of the larvae of the Ixodes ricinus species was carried out using the PCR on the Rotor-Gene - 6000 analyzers in real time. Of the 23 larvae, carriers of infections were only three. Each of them had two pathogens. Two of them had pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and one - Borrelia miyamotoi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Thus, the percentage of infected larvae from their total was 13%.


Mental health practitioners are obligated to follow their profession's code of ethics and to operate based on its values in their professional roles. As this chapter explains, this includes both enforceable standards and aspirational values. This chapter explains how to be guided by these aspirational values while ensuring compliance with ethics requirements. Guidance is provided on how to separate minimal requirements for ethical practice from optional aspirations that are encouraged in living out the profession's values. Specifically, how fees are set and collected, options for payment that take client financial hardship into consideration, and decisions about working with insurance are each addressed. Commonly occurring challenges are described and specific recommendations are provided for proactively addressing each of them to achieve the goal of having a financially successful private practice while ensuring that those in financial need may access needed mental health services.


This paper discusses part of a project consisting in the design, development, and implementation of a receptionist robot for the Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR), located at Instituto Superior Técnico, in Lisbon. The robot is stationed at ISR's 6th floor, at the elevator hall, where it is able to assist ISR's visitors. It detects and approaches people passing by its surrounding area, offering its services. Human-robot communication can be established orally or by means of a tactile interface. If necessary, the robot is capable of guiding visitors anywhere on the floor. In order to be able to perform all the required tasks, the robot counts with a number of different technologies, such as indoor navigation and localization, speech recognition and synthesis, face detection, and people detection. Whenever possible, these are implemented with off-the-shelf state-of-the-art open source software packages – the integration of existing software packages is one of the project's assumptions. The receptionist robot project is composed of two separate theses. Apart from the receptionist's concepttion and system design, which is common to both, this paper focuses on the robot's navigation and localization module, as well as on all the modules that employ image processing, which are the face detection, and the people detection modules. Experimental results concerning these modules are also presented in this paper.


Streptolysin O (SLO) is a bacterial exotoxin that binds to cell membranes containing cholesterol and then oligomerizes to form large pores. Along with rings, arc‐shaped oligomers form on membranes. It has been suggested that each arc represents an incompletely assembled oligomer and constitutes a functional pore, faced on the opposite side by a free edge of the lipid membrane. We sought functional evidence in support of this idea by using an oligomerization‐deficient, non‐lytic mutant of SLO. This protein, which was created by chemical modification of a single mutant cysteine (T250C) with N‐(iodoacetaminoethyl)‐1‐naphthylamine‐5‐sulfonic acid, formed hybrid oligomers with active SLO on membranes. However, incorporation of the modified T250C mutant inhibited subsequent oligomerization, so that the hybrid oligomers were reduced in size. These appeared as typical arc lesions in the electron microscope. They formed pores that permitted passage of NaCl and calcein but restricted permeation of large dextran molecules. The data indicate that the SLO pore is formed gradually during oligomerization, implying that pores lined by protein on one side and an edge of free lipid on the other may be created in the plasma membrane. Intentional manipulation of the pore size may extend the utility of SLO as a tool in cell biological experiments.


According to the invention, an arm holding a mine is connected to a driving apparatus in height (10) of a head (8); the automatic feeding apparatus has a tank mines (26) and a shutter (32) power to break down the mines contained in the reservoir at a rate of one to one; the shutter (32) is controlled to open and close by a driving force of the head and so that the mine regularly falls from the reservoir (26) in the instrument (16) which is directly below thereof; mine is conducted deep into the writing instrument by vertical drive of the drive unit in height (10).


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A case of severely incapacitating obsessive-compulsive neurosis is treated in an inpatient setting for 13 weeks with a combination of insight-oriented, group, family, and behavioral therapies. The synergistic effects of these modalities and the therapeutic community are discussed. Stable changes are evident 2 1/2 years after admission.


Summary form only. The High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) and Fiber Channel industry-standard interfaces are defined by a family of standards produced by Task Group X3T9.3 of the Accredited Standards Committee X3T9. HIPPI defines operation at 100 or 200 Mb/s up to 10 km and also supports serial electrical interfaces for short distances.<<ETX>>


[Objective]To learn current situation of children's dental fluorosis state in endemic fluorosis areas of drinking water type in Qingdao city.[Methods]Epidemical investigation storied sample methods were adopted.5 939 Dental fluorosis students of 8-12 years old were examined in Pindu,Laixi,Jiaozhou and Jimo counties in Qingdao city in 2004.[Results]Dental fluorosis average rate is 35.17% in the 4 counties and dental fluorosis index is 0.69.Dental fluorosis rate exceed 30% in Laixi,Jiaozhou and Jimo county.And dental fluorosis rate is 61.68% and dental fluorosis index is 1.34 in pingdu.Children dental fluorosis increase with the drinking water fluorin adding(r=0.963,P0.05).[Conclusion]The state of endemic fluorosis disease were still serious in Qingdao city.


The use of piezoelectric polymers has been proposed and investigated in different Space-related environments, for example, as ultra-light mirrors in space telescopes or as piezoelectric actuators. Even though some piezoelectric polymers have been shown to be as efficient as the more traditional piezoelectric crystals, no systematic exploration of the different molecular motives available for piezoelectricity has been performed, partly due to experimentally challenging conditions: new structures must be generated in enough quantity to be able to produce thin films, and with measurable piezoelectric response. Consequently, few structure-property relationships have been derived for the piezoelectric performance of polymer based materials. We show how, under certain conditions, the characterization of the second-order nonlinear molecular response through the Hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique, can be used as a screening technique for the optimization of the piezoelectric response of poled-doped materials. In contrast to the piezoelectric characterization, a Hyper-Rayleigh experiment can be performed with minimal amounts of chromophores (~mg) in solution, and is relatively quick. Therefore, we propose to use the Hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique as a screening tool for the search of optimized piezoelectric polymers.


We introduce the computer program MPL for computations with homotopy invariant iterated integrals on moduli spaces M0,n of curves of genus 0 withn ordered marked points. The program is an implementation of the algorithms presented in [13], based on Maple. It includes the symbol map and procedures for the analytic computation o f period integrals onM0,n. It supports the automated computation of a certain class of Fey nman integrals.


The use of geotextiles is expected to ensure the trafficability of cohesive soils with high-water content and accelerate the consolidation of the embankment itself. Therefore, test embankments with polymer-grids, nets and spunbonded nonwoven fablics were constructed respectively, and various masurements during and after were carried out. This paper discusses the effects of geotextiles on the basis of the result of site investigations.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken a particularly heavy toll on long-term care (LTC) home residents in Western countries. Almost 80% of Canada's and 50% of Switzerland's coronavirus-related deaths are linked to LTC facilities even under hermetically closed lockdown conditions. Half of the COVID-19-related deaths in Europe and 35% of the US death toll are happening in LTC facilities. Although demographical and epidemiological factors like old age and comorbidities have been proposed to explain the excess mortality of this especially vulnerable population, it has become more and more evident that it is not only the vulnerability of individuals but also the place of care that is the major contributing factor capable of explaining this dramatic phenomenon. The failure to plan adequately in this sector, while acute and critical settings received most of the pandemic planning attention, is a reflection of the longstanding low visibility of these care environments. As the unsettling stories of neglect and undignified deaths in LTC facilities continue to unfold, the problem of how we treat older adults, people with disabilities, and those who care for them has been laid bare by the pandemic. The inability of LTC to cope with the devastating impact of COVID-19 within its institutions comes as no surprise. It is a result of the deep-rooted devaluation of care work that happens at the intersection of ageism, ableism, sexism, and racism and is further aggravated by a rude marketization of this healthcare sector. When human value is mainly tied to economic contribution, old and disabled bodies are perceived to have outlived their usefulness and, thus, are undervalued. Contributions that older and disabled adults have made throughout their lives and continue to make to their families, communities, and society and their past work are often unrecognized. Fragility and dependency are negatively perceived as a burden. Thus, provision of care for this group of individuals is not considered a priority, and they are often left in insecure and vulnerable positions. The perception of care work as trivial or of less importance has also contributed to the current crisis in LTC during the pandemic. Care work is not considered a fundamental component of growth and development under neoliberal capitalist ideologies ruling healthcare markets. The existing attitude toward care work is that this work is "low-skilled" by nature and, therefore, a type of work that anyone can do. Women, particularly women of color, have been disproportionately overrepresented in this sector. Care workers, the


1. Kelly M. Clayton, MD*

1. *University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala.

When evaluating acute abdominal pain in children, the most important initial step is to perform a thorough history and physical examination. Only after, if necessary for diagnostic purposes, should specific laboratory and radiographic studies be obtained. Imaging can provide additional evidence to support a questionable diagnosis. A wide variety of abdominal imaging modalities is available to practitioners, although availability is highly dependent on the institution and local resources. We discuss the classic findings indicative of abdominal disorders found on plain radiography, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine studies.

Abdominal radiography often is a necessary preliminary study and is the most commonly requested study for a child complaining of abdominal pain. Its availability, lesser cost, and lower radiation exposure compared with other imaging modalities make it attractive. Abdominal radiography is highly sensitive (almost 100%) for diagnosing free intraperitoneal air and bowel obstruction. ( 1) It may detect abdominal calcifications and foreign body ingestions. Plain radiography for diagnosing intussusception is controversial due to a less than 50% accuracy rate. However, a right upper quadrant soft-tissue mass without right colonic gas is almost pathognomonic for intussusception. ( 2) Abdominal radiography should not be used to quantify the amount of stool, measure the liver size, or evaluate a child who has chronic vague abdominal pain. ( 3) It is important to remember that negative findings on abdominal radiography should prompt the physician to order additional, more specific studies when clinical suspicion is high.

Fluoroscopy is used with plain radiography to evaluate the pediatric abdomen. For example, upper gastrointestinal radiographic studies demonstrate both the anatomy and function of the esophagus, …


With the development of object-based video applications, the segmentation of video objects becomes one of the hotspots that people research. This paper presents a new method for the fast segmentation of video objects based on the change detection and spatial-temporal filters. It can detect changes between frames by the t-distribution significance test without the noise variance. We use two frames at a distance of k for change detection instead of two successive frames, thus the articulation motions and slow motions can be processed properly. The uncovered background due to the motions of video objects can be fast and effectively eliminated by spatial-temporal filters, and the residual noise in change detection masks can be reduced at the same time. Finally, the segmentation of video objects is implemented by morphology processing.


x the goal of the Internet training program was to get approximately 3,000 low income seniors and people with disabilities who live in 23 public housing facilities, subsidized housing buildings in the Northern portion of Illinois engaged in regular and sustained computer and Internet use. This goal is to be achieved by installing computer centers in the 23 housing communities, installing permanent Internet connectivity, implementing a unique program of customized computer training developed by the grant applicant, and giving people who successfully complete the training program free computers.


This paper extends the search for solutions of the congruences [p/6] [p/6] I [p/5] 7 i0 s 0 and -_0 (mod p) I I I [p/6]?+1I to the limit p < 600000. The only solutions found were p = 61 in the first case, in the second p = 205129, and in the third casep = 109 andp = 491. If the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem fails for the exponent p, then [p/6] [p/6] I [p15] I E .--?0, 2-0 and 2 -0(modp). 1 l i [p/6]+l The first criterion results from theorems of Wieferich and Mirimanoff and the congruences of Lerch [1]. The second criterion results from a theorem of Vandiver and the lemma of Schwindt [2]. H. S. Vandiver and Emma Lehmer proved the third criterion [3]. For all primes < 600000 only p = 61 satisfies the first congruence, p = 205129 the second, and p = 109 and p = 491 the third congruence. The equation i*x+p*y= 1 is equivalent to the congruence l/i x (modp). Euclid's algorithm can calculate x and y, such that i.x +p *y = gcd(i, p) at the same time the greatest common divisor gcd(i, p) = 1 is being calculated; see Knuth [4]. The order of this calculation is p log p. The calculation-time for p = 205129 and the first and second criterion is 29 seconds on the computer "DEC 10". For p = 600011 it is 88 seconds. Wilfrid Keller* has written the program for Euclid's algorithm, and he calculated for the criterion of Emma Lehmer the following data. D is the average number of steps for x and t is the total time in seconds of the calculation 7 I/i =_ x (mod p) on the computer "TR 440". Received April 14, 1982; revised June 21, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 10-04. * Rechenzentrum der Universitat Hamburg. ?1983 American Mathematical Society 0025-571 8/82/0000-0897/$0 1.25


Analysis of the version 16 Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) CH 4 data shows that this long-lived trace gas is well correlated with potential vorticity (PV) computed from National Meteorological Center balanced winds. Analyzing late September and October 1992 data, we show that very low CH 4 values are confined to the interior of a vortex edge defined by the maximum gradient in PV. The CH 4 and HF time tendency is used to estimate the descent rate in the Antarctic vortex. After removing a component of the trend correlated with the HALOE sampling pattern, we compute the lower stratosphere vertical descent rates and net heating rates in the spring Antarctic vortex. Our computations of the spring Antarctic vortex heating rates give −0.5 to −0.1 K/day. Over the winter season, the overall lower stratospheric descent rate averages about 1.8-1.5 km/month. These computations are in line with radiative transfer estimates of the heating and descent rate. The HALOE data thus appear to be consistent with the picture of an isolated lower stratospheric Antarctic vortex


High-efficiency ultraviolet (UV) light sources, i.e., UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs), are very attractive for application to white lighting, high-density memories, medical fields, etc. We have demonstrated that 300-350 nm UV emission is considerably enhanced by the introduction of several percent of In into AlGaN due to an In-segregation effect. We fabricated InAlGaN-based deep UV LEDs on sapphire substrate that had an emission wavelength at 308-314 nm, and we obtained sub-milliwatt output power under pulsed operation. We also fabricated InAlGaN-based quantum-well (QW) LEDs on GaN substrates in order to eliminate the effects of threading dislocations. We achieved a remarkable increase in output power by using a GaN substrate instead of sapphire substrates. As a result, the maximum UV output power obtained was as high as 3.8 mW at 351nm and 6.3 mW at 358 nm under room temperature (RT) CW operation.


Universal re-encryption technique is an important tool that enables an intermediary to re-encrypt a ciphertext without any knowledge of corresponding public key. This technique, as shown by Golle et. al., conventionally utilizes ElGamal cryptosystem for its operations and generates two pairs of ciphertexts. With ElGamal cryptosystem, efficiency of this technique decreases as resources in terms of time and memory are consumed significantly by the amount of generated ciphertexts. The purpose of the paper is to increase the efficiency of universal re-encryption technique by reducing the ciphertext quantity and to make the technique suitable for resource constraint devices while keeping the facilities of conventional universal re-encryption technique in full concern. To show the effectiveness of proposed technique, this paper includes an analysis on experimental data from the simulation of mix-networks.


Routing arithmetics such as Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB), Truncated Reverse Path Broad-casting (TRPB), Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM) and Core-Based Tree (CBT) are discussed. A newrouting arithmetic called EGET (Each Group Each Tree) is proposed.


The 1.9 A feature, observed in the X-ray spectra of three solar flares with the Columbia University and Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory spectrometers on the OSO 8 satellite, is shown to be due to a blend of 1s--2p transitions in a range of Fe ions. In the temperature range 9--16 x 10/sup 6/ K, the feature has a mean wavelength of 1.900 +- 0.009 A and is 0.04 A wider than a single line, indicating that the main contributors are Fe XIX--Fe XXII. Most of the emission originates from the dielectronic recombination process, and when inner-shell excitation is included together with normal collisional excitation, the observed intensity of the feature can be accounted for adequately. For these events, if the electron density is below approximately 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/, deviations from ionization equilibrium will be significant for ions more highly ionized than Fe XXI.


Current echocardiographic data reporting the impact of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) on outcome in patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are conlicting. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, this study aimed to assess the impact of MR severity on cardiac reverse remodeling and patient outcome. 85 patients undergoing TAVR with CMR pre- and 6 m post-TAVR were evaluated. The CMR protocol included cines for left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, low assessment, and myocardial scar assessment by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Patients were dichotomised according to CMR severity of MR fraction at baseline ('non-signiicant' vs 'signiicant') and followed up for a median duration of 3 years. Forty-two (49%) patients had 'signiicant MR' at baseline; they had similar LV and RV size and function compared to the 'non-signiicant MR' group but had greater LV mass at baseline. In those with signiicant MR at baseline, 77% (n = 32) had a reduction in MR post-TAVR, moving them into the 'non-signiicant' category at 6-months, with an overall reduction in MR fraction from 34 to 17% (p < 0.001). Improvement in MR was not associated with more favourable cardiac reverse remodeling when compared with the 'non-improvers'. Signiicant MR at baseline was not associated with increased mortality at follow-up. Signiicant MR is common in patients undergoing TAVR and improves in the majority post-procedure. Improvement in MR was not associated with more favourable LV reverse remodeling and baseline MR severity was not associated with mortality.