Extensive cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and widespread aggregation of the a-synuclein (a-syn) protein in the form of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Over the past two decades, a myriad of studies have suggested a significant pathogenic role of a-syn in both familial and sporadic forms of PD, as well as in other synucleinopathies, such as dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Although the mechanisms driving neurodegeneration remain unclear, a number of teams have already started developing therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking neuronal death that target a-syn under various conditions. Based on current knowledge of a-syn–induced cell death in PD, targeting a-syn could thus aim at reducing (1) the overall expression level, such as at the transcription or translation steps, (2) the levels of specific posttranslationally modified species (eg, phosphorylated, nitrated, oxidized, or truncated forms), or (3) the levels of specific aggregated forms (eg, monomers, oligomers, protofibrils, fibrils, and so forth). Because a-syn handling and clearance may contribute to PD pathogenesis, boosting its degradation both by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and by the autophagy/lysosomal pathway is also a tantalizing possibility. The observation of a "host-to-thegraft" transmission of LB pathology in the human brain led to the speculation that cell-to-cell transmission of abnormal a-syn species may contribute to PD pathogenesis. Such spreading also offers an alternate therapeutic option by blocking a-syn transfer between cells, an unforeseen possible effect of immunization therapies. Although a-syn has rapidly become the subject of intensive research for diagnosis purpose, it has also been considered, despite our limited knowledge of PD pathophysiology, as a therapeutic target with approaches ranging from anti-aggregation compounds and gene silencing approaches to clearance strategies. Given the relationship between a-syn burden and pathology, the first move would be to downregulate a-syn expression through the reduction of the expression. In the current issue of Movement Disorders, Cooper et al. adopt this concept and circumvent the usual roadblock of gene therapy, that is, the delivery of the construct to the entire brain, by using targeted exosomes carrying a-syn small interference (si)RNA for successfully down-regulating a-syn in normal mice as well as in a transgenic mouse model expressing the phospho-mimic human S129D a-syn complementary DNA under the control of the prion (PrP) promoter (PrP-hSNCA-HA). Their results are of interest to Movement Disorders readers for several reasons: First, the delivery method, previously used for the targeted silencing of b-site APP cleaving enzyme I and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, allows systemic delivery of a nucleic acid to the entire brain. The technology is based on the encapsulation of the nucleic acid construct into exosomes. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (40-120 nm in diameter) of endocytic origin released by several cell types found extracellularly in tissues but also in fluids (including urine). Those exosomes, being natural carriers of nucleic acids and proteins between cells, are a perfect cargo for siRNAs. Moreover, their size enables crossing the blood–brain barrier after systemic delivery, making the administration of the gene therapy easier compared with stereotaxic administration of more conventional vectors. Once inside the brain, the targeting of those exosomes to cells is achieved through the expression at the surface of the exosome of a braintargeting peptide, the rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG), in the extra-exosomal part of an abundant protein constituent of the exosomal membrane, Lamp2b. Second, the intravenously administered a-syn siRNA RVG-exosomes are capable of reducing the endogenous -----------------------------------------------------------*Correspondence to: Dr. Erwan Bezard, Institut des Maladies Neurod eg en eratives, Universit e de Bordeaux, UMR 5293, Bât 3B 1er etage, 146 rue L eo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France, E-mail: email@example.com


The recombination kinetics of charged carriers in GaAs have been investigated on a picosecond time scale. A pump‐probe technique was used to measure reflectivity changes as a function of time up to 900 ps. Initially, (1.2±0.2)×1020 carriers/cm3 were excited into the conduction band. The decay curve indicated dominance of a three‐body (Auger) recombination process up to about 120 ps, with two‐body recombination processes dominating after 120 ps, the switch occurring at a carrier concentration of (5±2)×1019 carriers/cm3. Values for the Auger recombination coefficient and the two‐body recombination coefficient were determined to be (7±4)×10−31 cm6 s−1 and (3.4±1.7)×10−11 cm3 s−1, respectively. The change in reflectance was observed to have essentially returned to zero within 900 ps.


'mighty line' owes as much to the additive, formulaic verse of The Faerie Qucene as to any earlier blank verse." The suggestion is welcome, but it has nothing to do with Eliot's acute observation. Eliot merely said that Spenser's influence "must be present" in the movement of Marlowe's lines: "There had been no great blank verse before Marlowe; but there was the powerful presence of this great master of melody immediately precedent; and the combination produced results which could not be repeated." Suggestive, indeed, but Eliot doesn't even try to describe Spenser's style. The description of it as additive and formulaic is entirely Alpers', it is independent of Eliot's observation. Alpers goes on to say that Spenser's style can't adequately be accounted for as an instrument of his allegory. But his own comments on the stanza about the almond tree are so perceptive that they show at least the possibility of describing Spenser's language, a possibility he insists on postponing. I have looked at Alpers' essay not in the hope of doing it justice but rather to suggest that the best way to read the Encyclopedia is to question it, page by page. To be fair to the editors: they haven't imposed their will upon the contributors or tried to show a united front in Spenserian studies. But the fact that their book is produced as an encyclopedia gives it a semblance of authority, whether they wanted this or not. I concede the obvious fact: no one will read the book from cover to cover; it is to be consulted rather than read. But the articles should be treated, I suggest, irreverently, as if they were come upon in one of the trade journals and had to take their chances with readers intent upon interests which for the moment happen to include Spenser. Intelligent senior undergraduates have more than Spenser on their minds. So the book is as good as the entries it contains: it is not a shrine, it doesn't present an orthodoxy or enforce an accredited way of reading F. Q. I hope the editors are content with that. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Denis Donoghue


Nowadays, attention to preschools is increased. In the past, most of working mothers sent their children to kindergartens. But today for a better preschool education, mothers who do not work outside either prefer to send their children to kindergartens. The aim of this study is to investigate kindergartens of Tabriz in terms of health, safety and the environment. For this study, previous relevant studies thoroughly examined and a checklist of questions about the safety of building (35 questions), fire safety (4 questions), electrical safety (6 questions), protective equipment and first aid (3 questions), lighting (5 questions), weather conditions (2 questions), health (19 questions), ergonomics (6 questions) and the safety of toys (10 questions) was developed. In all surveyed kindergartens, 72.68% building safety, 68.34% fire safety, 84.45% electrical safety, 71.24% protective equipment and first aid, 76.47% brightness, 99.01% weather conditions, 69.75% health, 84.79% ergonomics and 90.63% safety of toys, are acceptable. The results show that the rules edited by the welfare organization have been greatly effective and this organization has been successful in monitoring the implementation of these laws.


SVOM is a Sino-French cooperation project aiming at Gamma Ray Burst observation. From the top level requirement, during the observation period, the satellite platform should provide a stability of better than 1.6 arcsec/100s. Based on this severe requirement, a high precision attitude measurement device is strongly demanded. This article describes the overall design of a novel optical sensor, called Fine Guidance Sensor, for the SVOM Satellite. First, the functional and performance requirements are presented, including the extremely high measuring precision of 0.3 arcsec in y/z-axis. Second, FGS composition, including hardware and software, and processing flow design are described. Then, working mode switching logic is introduced. Next, attitude determination method and simulation result are shown. The conclusion is obtained and all the required indexes are fulfilled by current FGS design.


A new chain verification digital signature scheme based on the discrete logarithm is proposed,which can avoid the equal verifying right of the verifiers which normally accompany the conventional schemes.In this scheme,by means of the sequence secret sharing scheme,the verification participators can divide the signature verifier from the chain grantors,the signature verifier cannot verify the validity of the signature until he is authorized by all chain grantors in turn,and any chain grantor(even all chain grantors are collusive)cannot verify the validity of the signature.What's more,the signature scheme can conveniently add or delete the chain grantor and defend the secret key of the chain grantors and signature verifier.


Studies on the amino acid content of physiological fluids have usually been carried out under conditions that would permit any cysteine present to be oxidized to cystine prior to analysis. Consequently, little quantitative information has been obtained concerning the relative amounts of the -SH and the -S-S- forms of the amino acid in plasma. To know whether both forms are present is of particular importance in the study of excretion of amino acids by the kidney. Cystine is an amino acid which appears in abnormal quantities in the urine in several pathological conditions (1). Failure of tubular reabsorption has usually been invoked to explain this fact (2), an explanation which tacitly assumes that it is cystine (the -S-S- form) not cysteine (the -SH form) that is circulating in the blood and is cleared by the kidney. If cysteine were to be the predominant form normally circulating, oxidation to cystine in the kidney would be required in order to account for the excretion of the disulfide in the urine. Fujita and Numata (3) and Smith and Tuller (4) have reported the presence of cysteine in blood. Another observation which could bear on the subject is that of Brand, Cahill and Harris (5) who showed that the amount of cystine in the urine of a cystinuric subject rose after feeding cysteine and methionine, but not after the ingestion of cystine, the sulfur of which appeared almost exclusively as urinary sulfate. With these thoughts in view, a method has been


This study aims to determine the extent of implementation of the Village Fund allocation policy in District Marawola Sigi using Theory of Edward III, namely Communications, Disposition, Bureaucratic Structure and Resources. This study used a qualitative approach. Location research and key informants conducted purposive. data were analyzed in stages based on the data information from the informant obtained through observation, interviews and documentation.The results showed that the Village Fund Allocation Policy Implementation in District Marawola Sigi running less effective. This is seen in the Dimensions of Communication where aspects of policy dissemination Village Fund Allocation In District Marawola Sigi less implemented by the Village. Inadequate Resources dimensional fine views of human resources and infrastructure. Dimensions disposition in this case managers and community commitment in the implementation of the Village Fund Allocation going well, because the proposal is not based on people's needs. Bureaucratic structures seen on the dimensions of the mechanism of managing the implementation of a whole series of stages of the management of the Village Fund Allocation going well, because the preparation of development programs financed by the Village Fund Allocation prepared by the sub-district instead of the village.


Various results from studies of the hadronic nal state in deep inelastic scattering are reviewed. While the understanding of the nal state at high ET and Q 2 is quite advanced many questions remain at smaller Q 2 and smaller ET. Here BFKL eeects or resolved photon processes may be important.


We develop a two-factor, three-sector model of international trade in which the monopolistically competitive firms are characterized by different fixed production costs. We show that, depending on the pattern of the international distribution of factor endowments, the trade pattern is determined not only by relative factor endowments as suggested by Heckscher and Ohlin, but also by absolute factor endowments via a mechanism of competitive selection in the monopolistically competitive sector.


In order to establish a framework of reference for an approach to historical English phraseology,
a brief discussion of the concept and scope of phraseology and phraseological
scholarship is provided in Section 2. On this basis, Section 3 approaches historical phraseology
in two consecutive steps – always paying special regard to English: a brief overview
of the state of historical phraseology leads to major approaches, which establish the main procedure in Sections 4 to 6. In Section 4, the role of metalinguistic sources for historical
phraseology is pointed out, especially with relation to the identification of phraseological units in historical texts. Theories of the origin, rise, and kinds of change of phraseological units as well as the employment of English phraseological units in literary texts are the subjects of Section 5. While Section 5 is thus concerned with change in the phraseological system over time, Section 6, vice versa, finishes off the article with an outlook on the influence of frequent word combinations and phraseology on language
change in a broader perspective.


Abstract Lithological, major element, trace element and Sr isotope data from cyclic unit 10 of the Rhum Eastern Layered Series are presented. The lower 65 metres of the unit are peridotite, subdivided on textural and geochemical grounds into a lower homogeneous portion approximately 50 metres thick and an upper heterogeneous portion approximately 15 metres thick. The uppermost 16.5 metres of the unit are allivalite. There are steep geochemical gradients across the peridotite-allivalite boundary in Ni content of olivine and whole-rock Sr isotope composition. Calculations are presented on the geochemical evolution of a Rhum picritic liquid undergoing olivine precipitation, both when the olivines remain suspended in the residual liquid as they precipitate, and when they are continuously fractionated. Quenched groundmass and olivine compositions from the Rhum dykes and the unit 10 peridotite olivines show good agreement with the suspension model but are inconsistent with the fractionation model. The Rhum chamber is thought to have been replenished with a picritic liquid from which olivine crystallized while held in suspension; however, replenishment by a highly olivine-phyric basalt is also possible. The peridotite probably accumulated rapidly as olivines were dumped out of suspension onto the chamber floor. The lower part of the peridotite is a poikilitic adcumulate; it is suggested that this formed by convective circulation of melt in the pores of the pile of cumulus olivines. In the latter stages of adcumulus growth, more Fe-rich and isotopically contaminated magma entered the top of the cumulus pile causing cumulus olivines to re-equilibrate and giving the intercumulus plagioclase a higher Sr isotope ratio than lower down. The olivines in the allivalite show steep stratigraphic gradients in major element composition but not in their Ni content. They also show substantial variation in major element composition laterally within the allivalite. It is suggested that these features are a consequence of postcumulus re-equilibration of olivine with migrating intercumulus magma.


PURPOSE: A gallium nitride-based semiconductor LED(light emitting diode) device is provided to maximize outer quantum efficiency while light is emitted from an LED device chip by making the plane structure of the LED device formed of a rhombus. CONSTITUTION: A p-electrode on a p-AlGaLnN layer and an n-electrode on an n-AlGaLnN layer are disposed in the confronting positions of the rhombus. The acute angle of the rhombus is from 40 degree to 80 degree. The slanting side of the rhombus is so formed to agree with the gallium nitride of the gallium nitride-based semiconductor LED device or the cleaving surface of a sapphire wafer.


A field investigation was made to study the level and time of initial fertilizer N application to irrigated dry and wet seeded rice to maximise N use efficiency and yield. Two experiments were conducted during kuruvai (June to September) and samba seasons (September- January) on dry seeded rice and one experiment in thaladi season (October to February) on wet seeded rice. Nitrogen application caused a general increase in the yield of rice, however, the response was at a decreasing rate. The economic dose of N was found to be 95.8, 122.5 and 123.3 kg ha to get a grain yield of 51.8, 34.5 and 52.5 q ha' in kuruvai, thaladi and samba seasons respectively. The initial dose of 50 per cent of total N could be applied 20 days after sowing (DAS) to kuruvai and samba crops when dry seeding was done and 10 DAS to thaladi crop when sprouted seeds were sown on puddied field, to maximise the grain yield and N use efficiency.


Summary Equipment for fast and accurate detection of organophosphate nerve agents is developed and tested. The method is based on the spectrophotometric monitoring of the enzyme activity of butyrylcholinesterase after its contact with air in a special absorption unit (a "scrubber") developed for the purpose. The scrubber was made from a glass tube filled with glass beads (diam. 3 mm) and filled with approx. 5 ml of butyrylcholinesterase in a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. The air sample was bubbled through this solution for 20 s at a flow rate of 80 l hour −1 . Thereafter 8 μl of the enzyme solution were aspirated into the micro-SIA-LOV analyzer and the activity of the enzymes were evaluated by using Ellman's reagent, i.e. 2.5 mmol l −1 butyrylthiocholine iodide and 0.25 mmol 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). The absorbance of the coloured reaction product was measured at 412 nm after the reaction time of 60 s. The residue of the absorption liquid was washed away from the absorber and the system was washed with the enzyme solution prior to next analysis. The contaminated air caused partial inhibition of the enzyme activity of the absorption liquid. The activity of the contaminated sample was compared with the activity of the unaffected enzyme (blank measurement). The analysis was controlled by two PCs. The effect of the concentration of analyte in the absorption liquid on the enzyme activity was tested for 10 −5 –10 −9 mol l −1 sarin. A single analysis (including the absorption step) took


In this paper, the effect of interference between two nearby surface circular footings are determined by conducting a number of laboratory scaled model tests on dry medium dense homogeneous Ennore sand bed. To explore the interference effect, the influence of clear spacing (S) between the footings on the bearing capacity and settlement of interfering footing is studied and a significant change in the bearing capacity and settlement of the interfering footing is observed with the variation in spacing. For the interfering footing, the ultimate bearing capacity increases with decrease in spacing between the footings. The settlement behavior of the interfering footing follows the same trend as the bearing capacity. Finally, the results in terms of efficiency factors (�� �� , �� �/ ) are presented and their variation is reported with respect to the change in clear spacing (S) between the footings.


The{Poly4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's}, which serves as an anti-corrosion layer, was produced by electropolymerized the {4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's} monomer onto 316-grade steel material. The produced polymer's structure and characteristics were evaluated using SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and other techniques. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel, both uncoated and coated in a corrosive medium of 0.2M HCl solution was examined using an electrochemical polarisation technique at temperatures ranging from (293-323) K. Nanomaterials such as nano zinc oxide and graphene were introduced to monomer solutions at various concentrations to increase the corrosion resistance of stainless-steel surfaces. According to the findings, adding nano components to a polymeric coating increased its protective effectiveness. Thermodynamic and kinetic activation properties were also investigated. The percentage of protection efficiencies and polarisation resistance values of the covering polymer decreased as the temperature rose. As the temperature climbed, the corrosion current density increased, although the corrosion potential decreased. In SEM and AFM experiments, the development of a protective coating on the surface of 316-grade stainless steel was demonstrated to protect it.


The subprime crisis indicates that,the existence of the interbank exposure makes contagion risk could be easily spread over the whole banking system,hence causing a series of banks to go bankruptcy,which is so called "domino effect".This paper uses data from China's listed banks' annual report from the year 2008 to 2010,and by using the matrix method to estimate the contagion risk effect of our interbank market.The research finds out that,there is hardly no possibility for our interbank market to have contagion risk,and only large banks could become the potential source of interbank risk contagion.


Based on the AHP and Delphi method,the paper builds an assessment model for telecom operators sales cost,offering the dimensionality,index,index weight and operating suggestions,and expecting to offer telecom operators some inspirations.


Drug delivery technologies are an important area within biomedicine. Targeted drug delivery aims to reduce the undesired side effects of drug usage by directing or capturing the active agents near a desired site within the body. This is particularly beneficial in, for instance, cancer chemotherapy, where the side effects of general (systemic) drug administration can be severe. Herein, a numerical investigation of unsteady magnetic drug targeting (MDT) using functionalized magnetic microspheres in partly occluded blood vessels is presented considering the effects of particle-fluid coupling on the transport and capture of the magnetic particles. An Eulerian–Lagrangian technique is adopted to resolve the hemodynamic flow and the motion of the magnetic particles in the flow using ansys fluent. An implantable cylindrical permanent magnet insert is used to create the requisite magnetic field. Targeted transport of the magnetic particles in a partly occluded vessel differs distinctly from the same in a regular unblocked vessel. Parametric investigation is conducted and the influence of the flow Re, magnetic insert diameter, and its radial and axial position on the "targeting efficiency" is reported. Analysis shows that there exists an optimum regime of operating parameters for which deposition of the drug-carrying magnetic particles in a predesignated target zone on the partly occluded vessel wall can be maximized. The results provide useful design bases for in vitro set up for the investigation of MDT in stenosed blood vessels.


A 3.6-cm (1.4-inch) full-color polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT) display with 345k dots is presented to introduce the new functional technology of both interlaced and non-interlaced scanning. The poly-Si TFT display is suitable for many kinds of display applications, in the form of head mounted display (HMD) or direct-viewing displays, and for displaying beautiful motion or still images with full-color quality. In order to realize the interlaced function with flicker-less operation, the display has been designed to have a double drain-line structure and a double vertical shift register (V-S/R) system. In the TV-signal mode, the double V-S/R operates with double gate-line selection where the combination is alternated. In the PC-signal mode, the double V-S/R operates with a non-interlaced scanning function as a single S/R.


It is proposed in this thesis that the pattern of P.E. curriculum and the pattern of P.E. teaching should be distinguished under the new circumstances. The pattern of P.E. curriculum functions as the link between P.E. curriculum aim and P.E. teaching practice, therefore, it is the necessary way to construct poly-pattern of P.E. curriculum in order to fulfill the P.E. curriculum aims, as well, it is the tendency that institutions of higher learning develop their P.E. curriculum in future.


Insight in the interplay between work function and stability is important for many areas of physics. In this paper, we calculate the anisotropy in the work function and the surface stability of CrO(2), a prototype half-metal, and find an anisotropy of 3.8 eV. An earlier model for the relation between work function and surface stability is generalized to include the transition-metal oxides. We find that the lowest work function is obtained for surfaces with the most electropositive element, whereas the stable surfaces are those containing the element with the lowest valency. Most CrO(2) surfaces considered remain half-metallic, thus the anisotropy in the work function can be used to realize low resistance, half-metallic interfaces.


The hybridisation of two or more fibres is a technique in which the benefits of each reinforcing material can be combined to achieve a composite that demonstrates better and improved properties for various advanced engineering applications. In this Special Issue, a hybrid approach comprising two or more types of reinforcement (fibres) in a single matrix is covered. In recent years, there have been many attempts to achieve higher-performance composite materials through the hybridisation technique. Many studies suggest the positive effects of hybridisation on various properties. However, understanding the hybrid compatibility (interfacial layer characteristics and adhesion to matrix) of two reinforcements is important and needs to


Objective To present a new modified gingivoectomy in the treatment of epulis.Methods In this study,12 patients suffering from epulis underwent this new modified operation.The treatment effect and postoperative gingival aethetics were evaluated during the follow-up period.Results Eight of 12 patients were cured by this new operation without complication or recurrence during the 6 ~ 18 months follow-up period.Conclusion Compared with traditional gingivoectomy,this modified operation shows an advantage in the field of gingival cosmetic surgery.


The author here argues in favour of the historical reality that we call Spain. To recognize the Cadiz Constitution of 1812 as the origin of present Spain, he maintains, does not imply that our country had no national identity before the 19th century. And to this effect he expounds the famous controversy between Americo Castro and Claudio Sanchez-Albornoz. Before the Arab invasion there were no "espanoles", since this word of provencal origin dates back to the 11th century, as Castro points out. However, it is also true that during the Roman as well the Gothic domination, the peninsular inhabitants were known as "hispani", as Sanchez-Albornoz sarcastically alleges. In addition, this article includes a number of quotations from Latin, Gothic and Spanish writers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, references which bear witness to a feeling of belonging to an old country called "Hispania" or "Espana".


Construction of the 7.5km long Lyttelton-Woolston LPG Pipeline during 1983-4 involved a range of foundation conditions from hard-rock tunnelling through trenching in weathered volcanic bedrock and loessial soils to placement in silty fill and harbour-bottom clayey silts. For the 300m long Rapaki Point section tunnelling, large diameter drilling and surface trenching were identified at the feasibility stage as installation alternatives, and the design site investigation programme utilised engineering geology mapping, seismic refraction surveying, trial pitting, hand-auger and machine drilling. Engineering geology assessment of the site data indicated that surface trenching was to be preferred, and the pipeline was installed in free-draining sandfill placed in a trench excavated into bedrock and covered with random fill. This paper reviews the engineering geology data obtained at both the design and construction stages, and assesses the adequacy of the site investigation programme in determining alignment foundation conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of seismic refraction surveying to predict the bedrock profile beneath loess-colluvium soils and derived landslide deposits on a steep segment of the pipeline.


This paper takes Special Oil Gain Levy as example and compares the price path and the initial price of extraction of exhaustible resources and social welfare under alternative market structures when the windfall profits tax was imposed. Hotelling's optimal extraction path can maximize social welfare,which serves as the evaluation benchmark of this paper. The analysis of the influence of the windfall profits tax shows that the optimal extraction path of exhaustible resources is associated with the base price and the tax rate. And in both markets,this exist the optimal taxation which can optimize the total social welfare. The conclusions of this paper provide the theoretical basis for Special Oil Gain Levy.


Summary We use a Monte Carlo method for the joint inference of the total porosity and acoustic impedance in a reservoir area, combining petrophysical and seismic information. We relate the porosity and impedance with a statistical model based on well-logged data, and use a convolutional model to simulate the seismic stacked data to evaluate the geophysical likelihood of the joint models. The method generates a large number of realizations that jointly explain the seismic observations and honor the petrophysical information, allowing for calculation of marginal probabilities of the model parameters. We apply the method to data from an eastern Venezuelan reservoir showing good correlation between the porosity and impedance values estimated with the inversion and calculated form the well-logged data.


Flexible organic film speaker (FOFS) was fabricated with ion-assisted-reaction (IAR) treated poly(vinylidene fluoide) (PVDF) as active layer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), indium tin oxide (ITO), or copper (Cu) as electrode. The PEDOT/PSS materials were screen printed on the PVDF surface. The dc conductivity ( σdc) of pristine PEDOT/PSS increases from 0.8 to∼80 S/cm by adding various organic solvents. The sound pressure level (SPL) of PVDF-based FOFS with a highly conducting PEDOT/PSS (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) electrode is 27 dB higher than that with a low conducting PEDOT/PSS (H 2O) at 1 kHz. The highly conducting PEDOT/PSS (DMSO) as electrode is more suitable to PVDF-based FOFS compared to Cu or ITO because of the stable and more flat SPL, the flexibility, easy patterning, and coating process. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


—The IT industry has been totally revolutionized in the past few decades. Cloud Computing companies (Google, Yahoo, Gaikai, ONLIVE, Amazon and eBay) use large data centers which are comprised of virtual computers that are placed globally and require a lot of power cost to maintain. Demand for energy consumption is increasing day by day in IT firms. Therefore, Cloud Computing companies face challenge towards power costs. We address the solution for this energy saving problem by the enabling dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique (DVFS) for gaming data centers. This helps service providers to meet the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) constraints by meeting service level agreements (SLAs). CloudSim platform is used for implementation of the scenario in which game traces are used as a workload for testing the technique. This can help gaming servers to save energy cost and maintain better quality of service for users placed globally in comparison with generally used Non-Power Aware technique. The results demonstrate that less energy is consumed by implementing a DVFS approach in comparison with Non-Power Aware technique when tested with same workload.


Peaceful coexistence of farmers and pastoralists is becoming increasingly elusive and has adverse impact on agricultural revolution and global food security. The targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) include promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. As a soft approach and long term solution to the perennial farmersherdsmen clashes with attendant humanitarian crisis, this study proposes a social inclusion architecture using deep neural network (DNN). This is against the backdrop that formulating policies and implementing programmes based on unbiased information obtained from historical agricultural data using intelligent technology like deep neural network (DNN) can be handy in managing emotions. In this vision paper, a DNN-based Farmers-Herdsmen Expert System (FHES) is proposed based on data obtained from the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics for tackling the incessant climate changeinduced farmers-herdsmen clashes, with particular reference to Nigeria. So far, many lives have been lost. FHES is modelled as a deep neural network and trained using farmers-herdsmen historical data. Input variables used include land, water, vegetation, and implements while the output is farmers/herders disposition to peace. Regression analysis and pattern recognition performed by the DNN on the farmers-herdsmen data will enrich the inference engine of FHES with extracted rules (knowledge base). This knowledge base is then relied upon to classify future behaviours of herdsmen/farmers as well as predict their dispositions to violence. Critical stakeholders like governments, service providers and researchers can leverage on such advisory to initiate proactive and socially inclusive conflict prevention measures such as people-friendly policies, programmes and legislations. This way, conflicts can be averted, national security challenges tackled, and peaceful atmosphere guaranteed for sustainable development.


A new scheme of terahertz radiation generation by passing an ultrashort electron bunch over a planar array of nanotube/nanorod across their lengths is proposed and analyzed. The beam pulse exerts a repulsive impulse on the free electron cylinder of each nanorod and displaces them with respect to ion cylinder. After the passage of the pulse, the electron cylinders oscillate at their natural frequency ωp/2 (where ωp is the plasma frequency of electrons in each carbon nanotube) acting as phased array dipole antennae, emitting THz radiation.


The dc electrical conductivity, σ, of 60V2O5⋅10ZnO⋅30TeO2 glass (mol%) prepared by press-quenching was measured under Ar and O2 gas atmospheres and oxygen gas-sensing properties were investigated at temperatures ranging from 303 to 473K. Sigma at 443K in 100% Ar was determined to be 8.53×10-4S·cm-1, which was higher than σ in air (σ443K=7.82×10-4S·cm-1), while σ443K in 100% O2 gas was 3.57×10-4S·cm-1, lower than the σ value in air. This means that V4+ ions in the glass were oxdized by O2 gas which diffused into the glass, resulting in an increase in V5+ with time. The experimental relationship between σ and oxygen partial pressure PO2 agreed well with the theoretical relation σ ∝ PO2-1/4. From data of dynamic change O2 gas sensitivity, S, defined as the ratio of dcresistivity in Ar gas to that in O2 gas, at 473K was obtained to be 1.3 under 100% O2 gas. Changes in σ by switching between 100% O2 and 100% Ar were found to be reproducible. These changes were explained by the oxygen diffusion and desorption model. Good agreements was found between calculated σ and the experimental σ-t relationship. From these discussions, it is concluded that the present tellurite glass has a potential applicability to O2 gas sensor.


Objective:To optimize the best formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine to prevent and treat the hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) in syndrome involving wei fen and qi fen simultaeously. Methods:Used orthogonal design to optimize the primary formula that was examined in primary clinical experiments of HFMD as evaluation index of criterion of cure,which herbals were planted in Xinjiang Province,and then compared the primary formula with the formula optimized. Results:we got the best formula inluding fritillariae tuber 3g,heartleaf houttuynia herb 4g,densefruit pittany root-bark 5g,honeysuckle flower 4g,forsythia suspensa 4g,baical skullcap root 5g,hogfennel root 5g,fineleaf schizonepeta herb3g,lithospermi 5g,moutan cortex 5g,dyers woad leaf 4g,lion's tooth 8g,abrotani herba5g,there is remarkable difference through comparing the both formulas. Conclusion:It is feasible to optimize the best formula by using orthogonal design and verification test of pharmacodynamics.


Continued advances in oncology treatments have led to better survival rates for children and young adults with cancer. An important 'late effect' of cancer treatment is the loss of fertility. Although many survivors of childhood cancers go on to conceive without difficulty, the potential loss of fertility is a concern for children and young adults with cancer, their parents and caregivers. We review current options for fertility preservation (FP) for prepubertal and postpubertal girls and boys, including oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, sperm cryopreservation and testicular tissue cryopreservation.


Abstract Beyond a counseling or psychotherapy practice, the future of art therapy demands a new type of creativity, solidarity, and social inclusion. This viewpoint explores the art therapy profession and the role of educational practices to envision change in uncertain times. Art therapists have the ability to offer expertise in the serious dilemmas facing humanity. In order to do so, art therapists need to learn to tolerate the messy margins of participatory experimentation, expanding conventional ways of practicing art therapy.


The subject of study of this research is the assessment of vocational knowledge in the health andsocial care program in upper secondary school. The study focuses on the first period of workplacelea ...


we would like to clarify the basic factors necessary for a symbiosis between creatures and robots through the interaction experiments between rats and robots. In our previous studies, we developed a robot involving two levers and conditioned the rat to push these levers to obtain food by experimenter's teaching. In this paper, we try to condition the rats to push the levers on the robot to obtain food by the robot autonomously showing its functions without experimenter's teaching. On animal psychology, "shaping" is used to condition animals to perform difficult or complex behavior that would rarely occur spontaneously. By importing the concept of "shaping," we developed an operational pattern generation algorithm for the robot that enabled it to autonomously operate to show the rats its function. We then conducted an interaction experiment for evaluating this algorithm and confirmed the effectiveness of it. Thus, we proposed to import the concept of "shaping" into robot's behavior generation to enable it to autonomously show creatures its functions.


BioMediator is a data integration system tailored to the domain of molecular biology. Based on our collaborations with biologic researchers, we have identified several challenges in building a data integration system that addresses their needs. BioMediator provides a common interface to several Web-accessible data sources using a novel source knowledge base to organize metadata about the sources. This approach allows BioMediator to answer poorly specified queries, to re-use wrappers, and to support multiple mediated schemas, which can easily be modified. We describe the system architecture, focusing on query processing and data access and conclude by comparing our approach to the more classic federated approach.


With the drawbacks of traditional construction methods becoming more and more prominent, many cities in China have responded to the call to actively promote assembly building. In some industrialized developed countries, assembly building occupies a high proportion and a mature technical system, including high standardization of parts, components, and perfect industrial chain. Compared with developed countries, cast-in-situ construction is the main construction method in China, and the construction efficiency is not high. In order to save resources, protect the environment and speed up the structural reform of supply in the construction industry, assembly building has become a way to reform the construction mode in China. This paper first analyses the difference between assembled building and cast-in-place building, then analyses the restricting factors on assembled building, and finally it puts forward some suggestions.


The peculiarity of migrations birds of prey in Precaucasus region is considered. Are analyzed date, character and direction of spring and autumn migrations, distribution and number on 19 species of Falconiformes.


Social accountability has been described as being made up of good governance, empowerment of people for improved delivery to the poor. THEnet evlauation framework offers an instrument by which to measure this social accounatbility for health science education institutions. There is little which speaks to the individual practitioner or educator. Transformational teaching and learning demands that we teach for development. A good way is for us to reflect on how we work, what we do and what difference we make.


Three species of mussels collected from fresh‐ and low salinity (10 psu or lower) brackish‐water environments in southern Thailand, Singapore, northern Borneo and south Sulawesi formed a new, well‐supported and distinct mytilid clade based on molecular phylogeny. All are small (< 30 mm) species with either radially ribbed or smooth shells. Internally, the upper edges of the ascending lamellae of the outer and inner demibranchs are, respectively, fused to the mantle lobes and visceral mass. A new genus Parabrachidontes is proposed to accommodate the three species. Of the species in the new genus, one is described as new (Parabrachidontes amnicus sp. n.), and the other two poorly known species (P. leucostictus and P. cochinensis) are re‐described. The Parabrachidontes clade is closely related to Mytella, Perna and Arcuatula. Together, they formed a well‐supported clade, most members of which have ctenidial edges attached to the mantle and/or visceral mass. These genera are clearly distinct phylogenetically from two other mytilid clades containing brackish‐ and fresh‐water species with ctenidia free of the mantle: one comprising the genera Limnoperna and Sinomytilus (together constituting the Limnoperninae), and the other Xenostrobus and Vignadula (forming the Xenostrobinae). We therefore suggest the existence of at least three lineages of mytilids living in rivers and estuaries of East Asia and Australasia.


T HIS study was undertaken in an attempt to explain certain puzzling phenomena observed in the clinical use of injections of phenol. 7 We had noted the incongruity of relief of subjective pain without diminution of sensibilities of pain and touch as tested for in the usual neurological examination. Others observing this phenomenon had hypothesized this was the result of selective destruction of the smaller fibers ~,2,s-1~ but histological verification of this hypothesis has not appeared in the literature. Furthermore, we sought an answer as to why, in spite of a uniform procedure, the results of injections of phenol often were unpredictable and, even more disturbing, why there often would be an early recurrence of pain or spasticity after what appeared initially to be a successful injection. Satisfactory human material for this s tudy was not available from our clinical series as the conditions treated were chronic and patients either died at home or in Inost instances are still alive. The few cases available for pathological s tudy were unsuitable for evaluating the histological changes wrought by the phenol, as the condition treated might well of itself have brought about the changes observed in the spinal cord or roots.


Object of the present invention is to provide a thin film transistor for sense amplifier can be applied to the case of a high potential difference between the bit line pair, a semiconductor memory circuit aging test. Forming a thick film transistor provided in a semiconductor memory circuit, while the first, second and third potentials, respectively, and the fourth potential of the first bit line pair and the second pair of bit lines coupled to the first and second shorting transistor circuit.


Aim from this research is to know about affect dosage of mushroom fertilizer to growht of kale land. The use of compost in planting kale land is one of the efforts to support sustainable agriculture. This research conduct in Trial Garden Gedung Tambahan Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati. This reasearch conduct in Mei – July 2020. This research used Completely Randomized Design consisting of one factor. The factor is compost dosage with five treatment. There is 0 fertilizer : 4 soil, 1 fertilizer : 3 soil, 2 fertilizer : 4 soil, 3 fertilizer : 1 soil and 4 fertilizer : 0 soil. Every treatment  repeat three times. The results showed that the difference in compost dosage significantly affected all growth vegetative parameters measured. The dose of K3 compost (3 compost: 1 soil) is the most optimal for the vegetative growth of kale. dry weight the most appropriate dose is K4 compost (4 Compost : 0 soil).


We present the search for the diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos using data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. We introduce a novel method to estimate the energy of high-energy muons traversing the ANTARES detector and discuss detailed comparisons between data and Monte Carlo simulations. Using data recorded in 2008 and 2009 a search for a high-energy excess over the expected atmospheric neutrino background is presented and stringent limits on the diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos in the energy range 20 TeV 2.5 PeV are derived.


Diabetes is a chronic disease that is characterized by insufficient production or utilization of insulin and a consequent high increase in blood sugar. Diagnosis of diabetes is a complex process and requires a high level of expertise. The disease is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms. Some of these symptoms are obtained through laboratory analysis. Creation of a knowledge base and automation of disease diagnosis are important and allow fast detection and treatment. Various techniques have been used to develop a high-accuracy system for the diagnosis of diabetes. Fuzzy logic is one of the appropriate methodologies for the development of such medical diagnostic systems. Several research studies have used fuzzy models to diagnose medical diseases due to the imprecision and uncertainty associated with medical data. Moreover, a high level of uncertainty in medical data requires a type-2 fuzzy system to handle these uncertainties and diagnose diabetes. The paper proposes the integration of a type-2 fuzzy system and neural networks for the diagnosis of diabetes. Using the structure of type-2 fuzzy neural network (T2FNN) and statistical data, the system's design for the diagnosis of diabetes is performed. A number of simulations have been done in order to evaluate the performance of the designed system. The comparative results demonstrated the efficiency of using the T2FNN system in the diagnosis of diabetes. The physician can use the system for diabetes' diagnosis.


Anemia is one of the issuest cwhich contribute to increased maternal mortality rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia. Based on riskesdas anemia in Indonesia in 21,7%. For women become 23.9 % and age 1524 years there are worth 18,4 % is suffering from anemia. This study aims to know relations of iron (Fe), folic acid, and vitamin B12 intake with hemoglobin level woman preconception in Makassar. This type of the research using a survey method with the analytic cross sectional design. Population in this research is the preconception that women in the city of Makassar. Samplingin this study was carried out by total sampling and got 36 people. Respondents intake data obtained by the method of semi-quantitative Food frequency. The results showed no significant correlation between iron intake with hemoglobin levels (p=0,633), no significant correlation between folic acid intake with hemoglobin levels (p=0,302 and no significant correlation between vitamin B12 intake with hemoglobin levels (p=0,557). Research conclusion that there is no relationship of intake of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 with hemoglobin levels in woman preconception.


Kernel physical traits in barley are important in determining the suitability of a variety for either malting or feed. A pair of near isogenic lines (NILs) differing in the earliness per se gene (Eps5HL) on chromosome 5HL were evaluated for these traits. NILs had a significantly higher percentage of big kernels (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in 1000-kernel weight were found between the two NIL lines and between the parents. For kernel hardness, Franklin had a higher particle size index (PSI) (56%) than TX9425 (51.3%) but no difference was found between the NIL lines. We therefore concluded that the Eps5HL locus of the NILs showed significant effects on kernel size and 1000-kernel weight, but not on kernel hardness.


From 2012 to 2016, I spent each July at the fabled Hotel Oloffson in Portau-Prince, where I often sat and conversed with Madame Emerante de Pradines Morse ("Emy"), developing a friendship. Emy is the mother of Richard Morse, who with his wife, Lunise, fronts the popular Haitian roots band RAM and manages the Gothic gingerbread hotel. Emerante was born on September 24, 1918, to a mother of Haitian and Spanish descent and to a polio-stricken French father who had moved to Haiti with his family at the age of nine and became one of the country's most beloved singers-Ti Candio.To know Emy is to enter a kaleidoscopic world of Haitian history, performing arts, New World postcolonialism, the supernatural, Vodou, and the formation of the Haitian folkloric music and dance tradition. With each summer that passed, Emy told me more stories, and I regretted not recording them. So this year I decided to sit down with Emy and interview her. At ninety-eight years old, she never ceases to amaze me with her mental acuity, although I couldn't help wishing I had done this type of interview earlier, when perhaps it wouldn't have been as much of an effort for her to "plug in" (as Emy refers to harnessing her powers). In the cool shade of her sprawling home perched on a mountainside above Port-au-Prince, we talked about her childhood and young adulthood, and how she played the pioneering role, in her own words, of "bringing Vodou to Port-au-Prince."1Emerante was one of eight surviving children born to her parents; she was the eldest girl in the family, second in line after her older brother and following four other children who had died prematurely. Describing her mother as a very religious woman who disliked leaving the house, Emy tells the story of how her mother implored Notre Dame of Mount Carmel to give her a child, a girl, promising that in return she would devote this child to the virgin saint. Not unlike the birth ofJesus, Emy's own birth purportedly occurred in a mystical way. "My birth happened very strangely. Instead of being at the doctor or the midwife, [my mother] was on vacation at Riviere Froid. She went to the bucket to urinate and I got out. I just dropped out. She screamed. Someone from the yard came in, put her to bed, took me and cut the umbilical cord, and took me out to bathe me," recounts Emy. Throughout Emy's childhood, her mother told her the story of this day, saying that the midwife prophesied, "This one will be something because of the way of her birth."From an early age, Emy began to have experiences with the occult, experiences that she did not fully understand until a later age. "At age seven, a strange thing happened to me. In Haiti, there is always a guy on a corner somewhere breaking stone, from a big stone into a little [piece of] gravel, for people to build houses. A little chip of stone flew away and hit me on the head. I screamed, and [then] I saw a vision of a man with a top hat. He put his finger over his mouth. He passed his hand, wiped the blood, and disappeared. That was a visit of a spirit," says Emy. While her mother thought she was "crazy" and her father told her "not to dream for him," Emy says, "Vodou started to show in me. I would tell them exactly what was going to happen and it would happen."Meanwhile, it was also from a young age that Emy's artistic inclinations and talents were being nurtured by both of her parents. Her mother taught her to recite poetry: "I was introduced to the arts by my mother, who was an introverted person who couldn't put herself into action. Since she had me, she probably noticed I was talented and she focused on me and pushed me. I think I used to amuse her and entertain her." And her father, Ti Candio, who composed up to five new songs in a week and traveled throughout Haiti to perform for adoring fans, taught her to sing. "My first teacher of voice was my father. My knowledge of knowing how to sing-to please a public-that came from my father. …


—SYCL is a single-source programming model for heterogeneous systems, which promises improved maintainability, productivity, and opportunity for compiler optimization, when compared to programming models like OpenCL and CUDA. Several implementations of the SYCL standard have been developed over the past few years, including several backends into contemporary accelerator languages, like OpenCL, CUDA, and HIP. These implementations vary wildly in their support for specific features of the standard and in their performance. As SYCL grows in popularity, developers need to know how features are implemented across popular implementations in order to make proper design choices. In this paper, we evaluate the existing SYCL implementations across a range of hardware and prominent SYCL features to understand SYCL's performance portability. This work uses the newest SYCL benchmark suite (SYCL-Bench) to evaluate all four existing implementations, comparing support of language features between backends, and highlighting those that are missing or performing poorly. We offer a detailed evaluation of the major SYCL parallel constructs in the context of a matrix multiplication benchmark. Our results show that basic kernel parallelism is the best choice for performance on current SYCL implementations, and identify opportunities for improvement in several of the target SYCL runtimes.


ABSTRACT

Positive  deviance (PD) was  an approach in public  based development. This research aimed  to investigate the effect  of community development implementation and  PD in Nutrition Clinic against  Family Health Behavior  for Toddler Nutrition Status  Improvement. PD implementation in Kanor Community Health Center  used Bojonegoro District Health Office guidance. Data was collected from Kanor Community Health Center  work area. Positive deviance in this research adapted the original theory of positive  deviance. Respondents were  head  of community health center, nutrition officials, village midwife,  head  village, public  figure, and mother  of toddler  in six villages.  There were  three villages implementing PD well and  three  villages  did  not  implement it optimally.  This  research showed that there  is correlation  between community development and  positive  deviance with family health  behavior,  difference value  is 33.4%.  It means that by positive  deviance program  implementation impacted the  family health  behavior.  Theoretical  analysis  showed that there was difference between normative guidance PD of Bojonegoro District Health Office and the normative positive  deviance. This made the research result did not optimum. Bojonegoro District Health Office needs to review their guidance for PD and must  be  considering the positive  deviance theory.

Keywords community development, positive  deviance, social capital, health behavior


Here x may represent both initial values and parameters, and the functions f, g, and y are supposed to be bounded and measurable in r and r'. Imbedding and existence theorems for equations of this form are obtained in Parts VI and VII. As indicated by the paper of Hahn just referred to, such theorems find important applications in the calculus of variations. Special theorems relating to linear equations are found in Part VIII. Many other special cases of our general theory have appeared in the literature from other writers. In some of these cases it naturally occurs that the hypotheses of the writers must be strengthened in order to make their theories fit under our general theory. On the other hand, we should expect that only a limited part of any special theory will flow directly from


Three new species of Fagaceae, Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix, Castanopsis thaiensis and Lithocarpus loratefolius , together with a new variety Quercus mespilifolia var. pubescens , are described and illustrated.


Discloses a method for setting an aircraft, the aircraft comprising a fuselage, wing and propeller. Wing upper surface may have a wing, trailing edge, and the rear beam. Pusher may include at least one rotor having a rotor diameter and the rotor axis. The pusher can be mounted such that the rotor is longitudinally positioned between the rear spar and the wing trailing edge. Pusher may also be mounted such that the lowest point of the diameter of the rotor is vertically positioned above the surface of the wing.


The verification problem for probabilistic concurrent finite-state program is to decide whether such a program satisfies its linear temporal logic specification. We describe an automata-theoretic approach, whereby probabilistic quantification over sets of computations is reduced to standard quantification over individual computations. Using new determinization construction for ω-automata, we manage to improve the time complexity of the algorithm by two exponentials. The time complexity of the final algorithm is polynomial in the size of the program and doubly exponential in the size of the specification.


This article circles around the phenomenon of absurdity and absurd which appears to be greatly elaborated by Albert Camus and Theatre of the Absurd. The article reflects mainly upon Becket's dramatic monologue "Not I", which might be characterized as a sort of missing link between two forms of absurd. The style of Albert Camus puts emphasis on the inner experience extrapolated by means of the author. In this sense, the feeling of despair and existential crisis, typical for existentialism in general, brings into existence the absurdity of being as such. In comparison with that, the manner, in which Theatre of the Absurd presents current states of things, organizes the comic dimension of a given situation. To put it another way, Theatre of the Absurd sets up living intersubjectivity, which is a sense-formative precondition of the laughter, and dynamic omnipresence of the inner experience literally declared on the scene. Becket's "Not I" deploys, on the one hand, the existentialistic understanding of human beings, and, on the other, the theatrical representation injected with intersubjectivity. The article takes into account Deleuzian approach towards cinematography in order to conceptualize Becket's play. The notion of affection-image, which is taken from Deleuze, illustrates the structure and essentially the nature of images taking place in "Not I". Becket draws special attention to the image of the voice with regard to audial metaphors, which the main heroine uses during all the time of self-enunciation. Behind the words that she speaks there is an implicit trauma, which is unknown to the contemplators of the performance. It is noteworthy to admit that the organization of the play makes visible only the mouth of the heroine whereas everything remains in the shadows. Deleuzian affection-image deals with annihilated spatial-temporal coordinates and absolutization of the face (faceification). The quality of metaphors in the monologue and the decoration of space establish the phenomenon of absurdity in Becket's "Not I".


Epiphytic bryophytes are known to perform essential ecosystem functions, but their sensitivity to environmental quality and change makes their survival and development vulnerable to global changes, especially habitat loss in urban environments. Fortunately, extensive urban tree planting programs worldwide have had a positive effect on the colonization and development of epiphytic bryophytes. However, how epiphytic bryophytes occur and grow on planted trees remain poorly known, especially in urban environments. In the present study, we surveyed the distribution of epiphytic bryophytes on tree trunks in a Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. urban plantation and then developed count data models, including tree characteristics, stand characteristics, human disturbance, terrain factors, and microclimate to predict the drivers on epiphytic bryophyte recruitment. Different counting models (Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero-inflated Poisson, Zero-inflated negative binomial, Hurdle-Poisson, Hurdle-negative binomial) were compared for a data analysis to account for the zero-inflated data structure. Our results show that (i) the shaded side and base of tree trunks were the preferred locations for bryophytes to colonize in urban plantations, (ii) both hurdle models performed well in modeling epiphytic bryophyte recruitment, and (iii) both hurdle models showed that the tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area index (LAI), and altitude (ALT) promoted the occurrence of epiphytic bryophytes, but the height under branch and interference intensity of human activities opposed the occurrence of epiphytic bryophytes. Specifically, DBH and LAI had positive effects on the species richness recruitment count; similarly, DBH and ALT had positive effects on the abundance recruitment count, but slope had a negative effect. To promote the occurrence and growth of epiphytic bryophytes in urban tree planting programs, we suggest that managers regulate suitable habitats by cultivating and protecting large trees, promoting canopy closure, and controlling human disturbance.


The use of composite patches in structural strengthening has become very popular due to its contribution to the long term sustainability of existing constructions. Reinforced concrete when subjected to bending load, is susceptible to cracks originating from tensile stresses. Stress redistribution after crack occurrence leads to the development of stress concentrations where the cracks meet the reinforcing steel bars with result the plastic deformation of the bars. The strength and toughness of such a structure can be extremely enhanced by means of rehabilitation with composite patches. An often applied technique is bonded reinforcement based on carbon fibre reinforced polymer. In the present study, the mechanical behavior of concrete beams is investigated, before and after their reparation with carbon epoxy patches during four-point bending tests. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of the reparation process as well the performance of the composite structure. Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation, as advantageous measuring techniques owing to their direct access to the material process, are used to monitor online and characterize offline the damage occurrence. The first method is used to locate the damage sources and class a certain type of signal characteristics while the second one is used to assess the related claims.


To the Editor — Fungi are opportunistic pathogens, ubiquitously distributed. Fungal colonization acquired from the environment might evolve into an invasive infection during hospitalization due to immunosuppressive treatments to which patients are exposed. Environmental surveillance in hospital settings requires special attention to prevent fungal and non-fungal infections. the hiratsukae, of the section Fumigati, is a rare for the first time in from air and from pasteurized aloe


Considered photosynthesis, whereby the organic world gets a reserve of free energy and chemical energy provides all bioorganisms. The basic stages of photosynthesis: photophysical, photochemical, chemical and consider energy criteria based on the concepts of photosynthesis on the spatial and energy parameters.


This paper describes an analytical model and an associated algorithm for assessing the throughputs of each host in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). It provides a framework for studying WMNs, particularly when the performance and parameters in multiple protocol layers have to be jointly evaluated and optimized. From the point of the implementation, a simple recursive formula with N − 1 iterations is used to obtain the throughput performance of N node WMNs. The produced expressions offer insights into understanding the performance of the individual nodes without referring to a specific medium access control layer or physical layer technology. The model serves as a general tool for capturing the characteristics of the WMNs. Using the model, the complexity of cross‐layer studies is reduced, thus allowing researchers to focus on the modelling of other associated layers. The paper explains the rationale behind the model and provides examples of scenarios for which it is suitable. It is validated using discrete event simulations in the OPNET network simulator. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Method and device for avoiding collisions during start-up behind a preceding vehicle, wherein the spacing and / or speed to the preceding vehicle is determined by means of an aligned in the vehicle run environment sensor and evaluating a driver-operated longitudinal dynamics programmed when there is a starting situation, if a risk of collision of the own vehicle with the preceding vehicle is present, and is engaged when there is a risk of collision in the drive train and / or the deceleration devices of the vehicle to reduce the risk of collision, and / or driver warning devices are activated to inform the driver about the danger of collision.


We introduce a novel approach to the runtime monitoring of complex system proper- ties. In particular, we present an online algorithm for a safety fragment of metric first-order temporal logic that is considerably more expressive than the logics supported by prior monitoring methods. Our approach, based on automatic structures, allows the unrestricted use of negation, universal and existential quantification over infinite domains, and the arbitrary nesting of both past and bounded future operators. Moreover, we show how to optimize our approach for the common case where structures consist of only finite relations, over possibly infinite domains. Under an additional restric- tion, we prove that the space consumed by our monitor is polynomially bounded by the cardinality of the data appearing in the processed prefix of the temporal structure being monitored.


Despite the many efforts undertaken at post-conflict statebuilding in recent years, there has been little effort to craft methods to prioritize and sequence first steps in enabling states to recover from conflict and attain sustainability. In this article, we attempt to lay out the essential core functions a state must provide and then suggest what we call a "flexible template" for prioritizing international support for these functions over the first two or three years after the establishment of a United Nations mandate.


The segmentation step of retinal blood vessel helps to diagnosis the diseases including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, etc. The automatic image segmentation process helps experts to speed up the diagnosis of DR, since analytic methods are time consuming and error prone. The neural network (NN) based methods like U‐Net uses leap bonding that extract fine information from the training dataset. However automatic segmentation of image using neural network is a challenging process because of uneven and irregular geometry of organ. In this article, we proposed a U‐Net based approach for segmentation of retinal vessels. Before applying segmentation step, the affected area of image is enhanced with some preprocessing techniques. Then a dual tree discrete Ridgelet transform (DT‐DRT) is apply on the dataset to extract the features from the region of interest. The features accumulation with DT‐DRT ensures better feature representation of vessel for segmentation task. The proposed segmentation is implemented on different publicly available dataset and achieve accuracy of 96.01% in CHASE DB1, 97.65% in DRIVE and 98.61% in STARE dataset. The performance of this algorithm is also compared with some other deep learning models, and results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm performed better than them.


AS THE social sciences accumulate significant collections of observations and hypotheses, convergence between disciplines is to be expected. This paper discusses an aspect of such convergence between social anthropology and demography. The hypotheses are derived from the theory of demographic transition. In oversimplified form, the theory describes the relation between births and deaths as societies industrialize. Birth and death rates are both high before industrialization; at the beginning of industrialization, death rates fall, but birth rates remain high (perhaps for a century or more); then birth rates also fall to approximate a balance with death rates. This theory will be elaborated as the discussion proceeds. A basic problem is that data are extremely meager for the earliest stages, and especially for preliterate peoples. For peasant cultures, data are either faulty or the culture is so heterogeneous as to vitiate any careful study of the association of culture and demography. Recently, however, substantial demographic and soci-economic data have become available for the Navajo (cf. Hillery and Essene 1963), an acculturated but still essentially preliterate people. In addition, considerable data have been collected by the same agencies on the peoples of Eastern Kentucky (see Brown and Ramsey 1962; Hillery 1966), probably the most folk-like segment of Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture in the U. S. today (cf. Ford 1962; Aurbach 1960). Being more sensitive to American culture, Eastern Kentuckians should be more heavily influenced by industrialization than is true of the Navajo. We can thus expect that there is some difference between these cultures according to transition theory, though both of them may be regarded as in the earlier stages of demographic transition (see Stockwell 1963a). If this is so, then we have a sensitive test of certain hypotheses that have been advanced for transition theory by Donald Cowgill (1963). Hypotheses and consequences. The paper is organized around a series of propositions advanced by Cowgill (1963). For purposes of this paper, the propositions are recast in the form of hypotheses. The data are then offered as a test of these hypotheses. However, we cannot claim that the tests are conclusive. Rather, the data are important because they are unique and because they set certain limits to the theory. We are in effect phrasing the tests thusly: In order for transition theory to be valid, it must be accountable to the data pre-


Online resource play vitol role in education, research and development. From Nepal fulltext of the peer reviewed and different scholarly journal's article and papers can be access and download through the Programme for the Enhancement of the Research Information (PERI) of the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP). Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL) is playing Country Coordinator's role for implementation and promotion of PERI related a ctivities. Continuity of these online fulltext resources are very necessary in Nepal


Modernity in Trinidad can be defined by the extreme susceptibility of people who are unsure of themselves and, having no taste or style of their own, are eager for instruction. In England and America there are magazines for such groups; in Trinidad instruction is now provided by advertising agencies, which have been welcomed by the people not only for this reason but also because the advertising agency is itself a modern thing.


In this study, the effects of CrMn/NiAl and Cr/NiAl underlayers on microstructure and magnetic properties of CoCrPt magnetic layers are compared. CrMn intermediate layers were found to induce better in-plane texture and magnetic properties in CoCrPt films than Cr. Significant improvement in magnetic properties was achieved by post-deposition rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The anisotropy did not decrease much while grain isolation in the CoCrPt layer was achieved by using RTA.


ABSTRACT Water catchment to subsidize agricultural activities is estimated at 70% of world consumption. In the western region of Bahia, the main agricultural center of the state, there is intensive use of water for the production of agricultural commodities. In regions with high water demand, quantification of the use of this resource can be performed using anthropic pressure indicators, such as the Water Footprint. Thus, this work determined the Water Footprint of the soybean, cotton, and corn crops produced in the western region of Bahia State. In order to determine the Water Footprint, data of the environmental characteristics and crop production in the region were used, were obtained from different Brazilian public and private institutions. The calculation of Water Footprint of the crops was performed by the sum of the green, blue, and gray components. The average Water Footprint between 2012 and 2017 for soybean corresponded to 1,972.3 m3 t-1, with cotton at 1,825.2 m3 t-1, and corn 512.4 m3 t-1. The analyses of the results and the comparison with the values of the Water Footprint of other regions demonstrate that the edaphoclimatic conditions of the western region of Bahia are propitious to the development of these crops.


Based on the exergy-economic analysis of heat exchanger heat transfer and flow process,two new exergyeconomic criteria which are defined as the total costs per unit heat transfer rate ηt for heat transfer exchanger and the net profit per unit heat recovery rate ηr for heat recovery exchanger respectively are put forward.Furthermore,the application of criteria is illustrated by the evaluation of down-flow,counter-flow and cross-flow heat exchangers performance.The methods employed and results presented in this paper can serve as a guide for the performance evaluation of heat exchangers.


Soil and ground water from four sites chronically contaminated with chlorobenzenes were examined to determine whether indigenous bacteria could degrade the contaminants and whether the addition of specific chlorobenzene-degrading bacteria enhanced the degradation rate. At each site, chlorobenzene-degrading bacteria were readily isolated from chlorobenzene-contaminated wells, whereas similar samples from noncontaminated wells yielded no chlorobenzene-degrading bacteria. Isolates were tested for growth on a variety of substrates. At a site contaminated with several solvents, a bioreactor was inoculated with the chlorobenzene-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150. Contaminated water was pumped through this bioreactor and a control bioreactor that had been colonized by in indigenous microorganisms. The contaminants were removed from both bioreactors; however, JS150 could not be recovered from the inoculated bioreactor after three weeks of operation. A follow-up lab study using ground water from the contaminated site confirmed the field results. The authors conclude that chlorobenzene contamination of soil causes the development of indigenous degradative populations that have a competitive advantage over inoculated strains. The mechanism and time course of this acclimation are poorly understood and require additional study.


Almost 20 years ago, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the RGK, a comprehensive contribution to the field research was published in the reports of the RGK. The RGK field research database, developed in advance, formed the basis of the maps and diagrams shown there. The adjustments, updates, and additions made to this database, especially since 2019, as well as the planning for the migration to a PostgreSQL database and links to iDAI.world formats, inspired to summarize the field research of the RGK again and to take a look at the developments in the methods of field research. The following contribution is to be understood as a report presenting the ongoing works around the RGK field research database.


The absorption and velocity of ultrasound at 21 MHz and the shear viscosity were measured for water solutions of poly (sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) as a function of concentration and temperature. The molecular weight of the polymer is 70 000. The concentrations used were 1%, 5%, and 9% by weight, and the temperatures were 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C. The absorption or α/f2 decreases almost linearly with increasing temperature at a given concentration and increases with concentration at a given temperature. The velocity is a linearly increasing function of the temperature and also increases with concentration at a given temperature. In addition, the shear viscosity decreases linearly with temperature and increases with concentration.


With the increasing utilization of intelligent mobile devices for online inspection of electrical equipment in smart grids, the limited computing power and storage capacity of these devices pose challenges for deploying large algorithm models, and it is also difficult to obtain a substantial number of images of electrical equipment in public. In this paper, we propose a novel distillation method that compresses the knowledge of teacher networks into a compact few-shot classification network, employing a global and local knowledge distillation strategy. Central to our method is exploiting the global and local relationships between the features exacted by the backbone of the teacher network and the student network. We compared our method with recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on three public datasets, and we achieved superior performance. Additionally, we contribute a new dataset, namely, EEI-100, which is specifically designed for electrical equipment image classification. We validated our method on this dataset and demonstrated its exceptional prediction accuracy of 94.12% when utilizing only 5-shot images.


be a calculated effect' (p. 13). The annotation is similarly thorough, though the Rohan who hired heavies to beat Voltaire up was then a chevalier not a duc (p. 247, note 6). The Ingénu's education at the Université de Paris (Bastille I) is exceptionally well glossed. While there is some limited comment in these notes on Voltaire's narrative and stylistic ploys (for instance, pp. 207, 273, 325), and in particular some perceptive remarks on the nature of character development within the story (pp. 262, 325), it would have been helpful nevertheless to have a section in the Introduction on the art of the conte and some discussion of L'Ingénu in relation to other contes. The second of these volumes, generously sponsored by the Domaine de Bélesbat and Air Artisan Paris, comprises seven texts and provides ample evidence of the seventy-six-year-old's enduring capacity to combine the roles of pugilist and wit. First comes René Pomeau's hitherto unpublished revised edition of Le Taureau blanc (first edition, 1957), the notes for the Introduction and text of which have here been posthumously revised and supplemented by Cotoni and Mervaud. Then come two short polemical pamphlets, informatively edited by Cronk: Lettre de M. de Voltaire à un de ses confrères de l'Académie and Lettre sur un écrit anonyme. In the former, Voltaire is responding to a satire by the would-be up-and-coming writer, Jean-Marie-Bernard Clément, and in the latter to an attack by Charles-Georges Le Roy, a member of D'Holbach's circle. These are followed by a conte en vers, La Bégueule (edited by Haydn T. Mason in collaboration with Cronk) — Voltaire's most entertaining example of the genre after Ce qui plaı̂t aux dames (1764) and intended to provide, like its predecessor, the inspiration for an opéra-comique — and the quasi-Manichean poem Jean qui pleure et qui rit (edited by Mason). The volume closes with John Renwick's exhaustively researched and eloquent francophone editions of the Essai sur les probabilités en fait de justice and its sequel, Nouvelles Probabilités [sic? cf. probabilités] en fait de justice, Voltaire's attempts to apply the laws of probability to the notorious Morangiés affair ('une des causes célèbres les plus embrouillées des dernières années de l'Ancien Régime' (p. 249)). In this murky business, the comte de Morangiés, great-nephew of Voltaire's godfather and a sharp operator, would appear to have set out to con some plebeian usurers, only to be conned in his turn. After lengthy court proceedings and a public debate that brought all manner of pre-revolutionary issues to the boil, the dodgy aristocrat won the day. For Renwick, whose command of the evidence is at once limitless and wise, the Essai may appear to be no more than 'une liste raisonnée des préjugés de Voltaire' (p. 292), but should more aptly be viewed as a clever polemic on behalf of an innocent if undeserving man. In other words, the defender of Calas, Sirven and Monbailli was willing to champion justice even in a tainted and unglamorous cause.


– A simulation study has been done on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with nine different working fluids in four different types of system configurations. An Organic Rankine Cycle is similar to Rankine cycle with the exception of using organic fluids for its working fluids. It is widely claimed to be more effective than steam Rankine cycle in low heat grade applications. The objective of the study is to study the performance of the system in conjunction with biomass thermal system by selecting the best working fluid and system configurations. The simulation is done using MATLAB and REFPROP 9.0 respectively. The selection of the best configuration is based on the thermal efficiency of the system. It is found that toluene is the best option in simple ORC system. In ORC system added with internal heat exchanger or recuperator, dodecane and propylcyclohexane are the better option compared to other fluids. All the organic fluids show improvements with addition of recuperator. For temperature range of 150 o C-300 o C, it is found that water is not effective compared to organics fluids. Superheating process shows a slight improvement in a system with recuperator, but no improvement in simple cycle. The highest thermal efficiency is found in Scenario D. The second best is Scenario C, followed by Scenario A and the most ineffective is Scenario B. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.


Deng Xiaoping's theory on the feasibility of practicing market economy in socialist countries provides significant instructions on the strategy of realizing great economy of China.Practice has proved the theory to be practically instructive in the process of developing our economy and carrying on the policy of reform. Deng Xiaoping's development perspective built upon the construction of socialist market economy does not only extend Marxism's Historical Materialism but also attach practicality and feasibility to it.


Disclosed is a gearlever device connecting to instrument board which comprises: a base bracket which is movably connected with the instrument board and has a plurality of detent groove parts corresponding to transmission gears; a shift lever with a base end which is connected to the base bracket to swing in a longitudinal direction along the vehicle body; a rod which is movably inserted into the shift lever and has a detent engagement part provided at base end thereof; an urging means provided in the shift lever for urging the detent engagement part against the detent groove parts; a tripping means for overcoming the urging stress of the urging means and tripping the detent engagement part from the detent groove parts ; and a stress concentration part provided around the side face defining the detent groove part which corresponds with advance gear of the transmission.


This as-built report describes site conditions at the Tillman Creek mitigation site in South Cle Elum, Washington. This mitigation site was constructed in 2006-2007 to compensate for wetland impacts from the Yakama Nation hatchery. This as-built report provides information on the construction sequence, as-built survey, and establishment of baseline monitoring stations.


With the objective to study the relationship between limestone doses and star fruit production, a field experiment was conducted on Oxisol soil in Bebedouro, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from 1999 to 2006. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The limestone was used only once in 1999, at doses from 0, 1.85; 3.71; 5.56 and 7.41 ton ha-1. The guava production increased in response to the acidity corrective application. The accumulated production of fruits in successive years 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 was associated with economical doses of limestone of 4.5; 4.8; 5.3 and 5.3 ton ha-1 respectively.


Variations in central corneal thickness during the first year of hard, hydro‐philic or silicone lens wear are reported. The mean corneal swelling after 1/2, 3 and 6 months was 4.7‐3.0% in the first 2 groups (P < 0.001 ‐P = 0.005), but only 1.3‐0.8% in the latter group (P = 0.011 ‐ 0.050). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001 ‐ P = 0.046) and are ascribed to a higher oxygen tension under the silicone lenses. An over‐all reduction of corneal oedema was noted after 1/2 month (P = 0.025). One year after lens fitting a similar and not significant corneal swelling was found in the 3 lens groups. In addition to an initial 'osmotic' adaptation our results indicate that a further corneal adaptation to hard and hydrophilic lenses may take place between 6 and 12 months after lens fitting. Development of lens intolerance was not correlated to the degree of corneal oedema after 1/2 month of lens wear.


Fuzzing uncovers an ever-growing number of critical vulnerabilities. Despite the simple concept — execute the target until it crashes — setting up fuzz tests can pose complex challenges. This is especially true for code that cannot run as part of a userland process on desktop operating systems — for example device drivers and kernel components. In this paper, we explore the use of CPU emulation to fuzz arbitrary parsers in kernelspace with coverage-based feedback. We propose and open-source Unicorefuzz and explain merits and pitfalls of emulation-based fuzzing approaches. The viability of the approach is evaluated against artificial Linux kernel modules, the Open vSwitch network virtualization component as well as bugs originally uncovered by syzkaller. Emulator-based fuzzing of kernel code is not very complex to set up and can even be used to fuzz operating systems and devices for which no source code is available.


Introduction: A significant portion of patients despite achieving successful recanalization following endovascular therapy (EVT) still have some residual perfusion deficit. The objective of this st...


Purpose – The authors examine the approach by which Sam Walton, a 48-year-old when he took his first technology course, drove creation of a new set of technology for retailing. Design/methodology/approach – By breaking Walton's approach into five stages, the authors show how his way of working points to a credible path for leaders with limited background in technology to lead technological change. Findings – Senior leaders can apply Walton's systematic way of leading for creation of excellent processes to accomplish customer-focused technology innovation in the modern era. Practical implications – Five elements of Walton's tech innovation leadership are reviewed and analyzed. Originality/value – This article offers insights about how Walton was able to form a tech savvy team of managers and synthesize a vision about the potential of technology to produce operational breakthroughs far in advance of his competition.


Background: Dental caries is the single most prevalent chronic childhood disease worldwide. It affects 60-90% of school going children in most developed countries and in several developing countries the prevalence rates are increasing. Dental caries is a multi factorial disease. Some socio-demographic and behavioral indicators that prone an individual to increased caries experience include: presence of plaque, poor oral hygiene, increasing age, gender, inadequate tooth-brushing habits, frequency and timing of consumption of sugar-containing drinks. Aim: To know the determinants of dental caries in primary school going children of Lahore. Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study in which 152 primary school going children of union council Samanabad Lahore were included. Data was collected through questionnaire, which was entered in to computer using SPSS 16.0. Results: Among 152 children, 75.7% were male and 38.8% were 9-10 years old. Majority (89.5%) brushed their teeth regularly while 69.9% brushed their teeth once a day. 99.3% used toothpaste to clean their teeth. 12.5% chewed pan/supari daily. Most of the children (97.4) consumed meat, fruit and vegetables. 82.9% children used sweet and toffees. Majority (74.3%) did not use toothpick after meal and 80.3% children were not habitual of nail biting. A mainstream (96.7%) had knowledge about oral hygiene. A major proportion (52.4%) acquired knowledge from parents. 42.8% children had complaint regarding toothache. Majority (86.2%) and (87.5%) had no gingivitis and calculus deposits respectively. Similarly most of the children had no bleeding gums (93.4%). Oral hygiene was found satisfactory among 86.8% children. Among children who brushed their teeth regularly, 84(55.3%) had dental caries. The children who had satisfactory oral hygiene, 80 (52.6%) had dental caries. Conclusion: Regular brushing practices were found satisfactory among primary school children. Knowledge about oral hygiene was satisfactory. Overall oral hygiene of children was observed satisfactory. Majority had staining of teeth.


Some years have passed since the introduction of the obligation to maintain the level of soluble chromates below 2 ppm (Directive 2003/53 of the European Community). The use of suitable reducing agents such as ferrous and stannous salts or antimony compounds has been widely described. Factors influencing the choice of the most suitable product range from economical to technical considerations. In some cases, clinkers present extremely high levels of soluble chromates: the differences in technical performances of reducing agents become the critical point for facing the challenging task of producing a CrVI-free cement.


Background: The most remarkable exostoses of the human jaws are torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM). The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of alveolar exostosis among the edentulous patients of Kashmir. Methods: The present study included 200 edentulous subjects aged between 55 and 75 years. The subjects were examined for the existence of tori by clinical inspection and palpation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version. Results: Among the 200 subjects, 41 (20.5%) had prevalence of tori. Out of 41 patients, four subjects (9.75%) had TP and thirty-seven (18.5%) had TM. Prevalence of TP is more in female subjects than males. Out of the 41 subjects, 27 (65.85%) presented with flat tori, nine (21.95%) with spindle-shaped tori, and five (12.19%) with nodular-shaped tori. Most of the tori observed were small sized (92.68%). Conclusion: A comparatively increased prevalence of TM was observed with flat tori being the most common type.


The ARIA II experiment carried out on February 12, 1994, provided the neutral wind and electron density measurements needed to calculate the neutral-driven field-aligned current densities. In situ rocket measurements were made approximately 60 min after the onset of an auroral substorm in a moderately disturbed (Kp=5−) postmidnight auroral oval over Alaska. Two chemical release rockets deployed four widely separated TMA trails, and E region neutral wind profiles were obtained from the motion of those trails. An instrumented rocket launched near-simultaneously measured the electric fields, electron densities, and neutral composition. The divergence and the vertical component of the vorticity in the neutral flow were obtained from the neutral wind profiles, and those values, together with the measured electron densities, were used to calculate the neutral-driven field-aligned current densities. Our best estimate is that the current density below 114 km was effectively zero. Above 114 km the field-aligned current was downward with a peak value 0.23 μA m−2. Our results indicate that, although the wind-driven current was a significant contributor to the total field-aligned current in the recovery phase of the substorm, the dominant sources of the field-aligned current were due to conductivity gradients and the divergence in the ionospheric electric field. The measurements also show that the current density profile has vertical structure with a scale of ∼ 10 km due to height variations in the vorticity, divergence, and conductivity profiles.


This article describes the location of creative activity as an extended spatial domain, a transitional space that psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott posits as lying between the creative subject and the objective world. Transitional space is depicted here as a geometric paradigm that supports investigation of cognitive and other resources needed to understand creative practice.


The paper discusses the ways of weight regulating for weightlifter to loss weight reasonably and scientifically on the basis of documentation and sports reality in order to direct the pre-match training and competition properly.


In this paper, we propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation method for synchronization in decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative systems. We focus on the estimation problem of the multi timing and frequency offsets in the second phase, the multiple-input-single-output (MISO) multiple access phase of cooperative communications. Different from the conventional methods which estimate the timing or frequency offsets separately, we propose a joint timing-frequency offsets and channel estimation scheme to achieve better performance. In addition, the lower bounds, the Cramér-Rao bounds (CRB) of the multiple parameter estimation are also provided. The simulation results show that the performance of our estimation scheme can reach the CRB.


The preparation of self-formed γ-Fe2O3 ferrofluids is introduced in this paper, and the particle of γ-Fe2O3 is described by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The γ-Fe2O3 powder and its ion-ferrofluids are measured and analyzed by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the γ-Fe2O3 and its ferrofluids are superparamagnetic, and that no coercivity and remanence are observed at room temperature. The specific saturation magnetization of the ferrofluids is related to the volume fraction of the particles in the ferrofluids. In the process of ferrofluid synthesis, the ferromagnetic γ-Fe2O3 particles may link into closed-ring strcutures so that the value of the specific saturation magnetization measurement is less than that of calculation in ferrofluids.


This work presents a new design technique for dual-mode dielectric-loaded resonator filter operating at 2.18 GHz by using T-shape coupling probe. A cylindrical dielectric puck is suspended in the middle of metallic cavity and short-circuited on the side walls. Four vertically etched-slots through the dielectric puck from the top to the base of the ceramic puck offer a high unloaded quality factor of 4300 at the fundamental TE
 11δ
 mode and allows the T-shape coupling to be located close to the centre of the dielectric puck. The size reduction ratio in this resonator was 11% compared with air-filled coaxial resonator. Fourth-poles Chebyshev bandpass filter with planar configuration was designed and implemented by employing two dielectric-loaded cavities. The experimental results show that the spurious-free window of ~820 MHz from the fundamental frequency of 2.18 GHz and the operational bandwidth of 77 MHz were achieved.