This chapter focuses on co-creation as a key business model for Bespoke and Semi-Bespoke menswear tailoring and women's swimwear brands that use innovative concepts and processes to create premium products for a younger and more demanding consumer segment. The Millennials, Generation Z and Generation C all like to co-create products for their own body-shape fit and product design preferences. The discussion commences with a review of key texts on digital fashion technology and practices enabling 'co-creation' strategies. The research methodology is mixed method including consumer questionnaires, online survey observation with analysis of companies utilizing new digital practices to meet consumer's demands. The latest developments in digital fashion scanning, sizing, product design and customization of new and existing ranges will evidence how co-creation strategies can brand-stretch and add value creation. Includes best practice process steps for visualization, professional style advice and co-creator recommendations via the e-commerce website or social media.


The biosorption of Cr(VI)_ and Cr(III)_ Arthrobacter species (Arthrobacter globiformis and Arthrobacter oxidas) was studied simultaneous application dialysis and atomic absorption analysis. Also biosorption of Cr(VI) in the presence of Zn(II) during growth of Arthrobacter species and Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) were discussed. Comparative Cr(VI)_ and Cr(III)_ Arthrobacter species shown, that Cr(III) was more effectively adsorbed by both bacterium than Cr(VI). The adsorption capacity is the same for both the Chromium-Arthrobacter systems. The biosorption constants for Cr(III) is higher than for Cr(VI) 5.7-5.9- fold for both species. Comparative Freundlich biosorption characteristics Cr(VI) Arthrobacter species of living and dry cells shown, that capacity(n) is in both cases the same(1.25,1.35). Dry cells have larger biosorption constant for both species, than living cells. Biosorption characteristics (K) and (n) for A. oxidas are without Mn(II) and in the presence of Mn(II) 2.6 x 10-4 (K), 1.37 (n) and 2.4 x 10-4 (K), 1.41 (n) respectively; for A. globiformis without Mn(II) and in the presence of Mn(II) 2.0 x 10-4 (K), 1.23 (n) and 1.9 x 10-4 (K), 1.47 (n) respectively. Thus, Biosorption characteristics did not change in the presence of Mn(II) ions.. It was shown, that bioavailability increases in the presence of Zn ions in both cases. (for Cr(VI)-Arthrobacter globiformis and for Cr(VI)- Arthrobacter oxidas). Biosorption characteristics (K) and (n) for A. oxides in the absence and in the presence of Zn(II) are 4.6 x 10-4 (K), 1.25 (n) and 6.6 x 10-4, 1.08 (n) respectively, for A. globiformis without Zn(II) and in the presence of Zn(II) 3.4 x 10-4 (K), 1.35 (n) and 8.1 x 10-4 (K), 1.19 (n) respectively; n values did not change. But for Cr(VI)-Arthrobacter globiformis increase is more significant.


The notice sets forth a discussion of major approaches under consideration by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to implement the Administration's proposed Fiscal Year 1984 budget with respect to expanding the billing and collection for services provided by the IHS from insurance companies and other sources.


In hydrological time series mining, hydrological time series similarity mining is an important aspect. To search hydrological time series more effectively, this paper proposes a fast search method for hydrological time series from the perspective of time series trend characteristics. Based on wavelet transform, feature point extraction, and semantic symbolization of time series, the preliminary candidate set is screened by semantic similarity matching, the first M approximate matching sequences with small fragment alignment distance in the preliminary candidate set are selected, and the first M approximate subsequences are accurately matched by dynamic time warping distance to obtain the final similar sequence. The water level data of the Tunxi station in the Tunxi basin are used in the experiment, and the results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the search efficiency while ensuring accuracy.


Clay particles, known for their adhesive properties, are commonly encountered in underwater soils. When producing large quantities of sand by means of dredging, fines are a byproduct and cause important viscosity changing effects altering the sand settling behavior. Much is already known in this field but knowledge lacks in the area where sand particles are affected by cohesive carrier fluids in environments similar to hopper settling areas during loading. By taking a closer look at the involved processes, knowledge is acquired in shear- and turbulent-flow sand-clay environments and another step is taken towards quantifying the effect of fines on the sedimentation velocity in hoppers. A versatile experimental setup is built allowing for separate shear flow and turbulence induced configurations. Shear affected sand settling velocities and turbulence induced concentration profiles are measured and analyzed. The shear flow settling effect shows contradicting results and leads to an interesting theory worthy of further investigation. The turbulence effect yields characteristic concentration profiles that are later used to determine key diffusion coefficients. Finally, clay characterizing factors are found using the theory proposed by Wang (1995). A 1DV model is developed using an advection-diffusion equation where the discretization techniques are based on an explicit method, a finite volume and an upwind scheme allowing settling of multi-sized particles. The simulation is used to determine diffusion coefficients for each of the conducted experiments. These diffusion coefficients yield interesting correlations with the input parameters finally resulting in an approximation of the diffusion coefficient as a function of the turbulent energy intensity allowing for a wider range of application.


This study discusses the merits and demerits of four methods of defect segmentation of citrus fruit images viz. segmentation using iterative intensity enhancement, segmentation using reference imaging, segmentation using contrast stretching and segmentation using color RGB vectors. About 20 mandarin fruits having three different external defects viz. pitting, splitting and stem end rot were procured for this study. A Pulnix 6700-CL color CCD camera was used for image acquisition. The acquired images were preprocessed before being segmented. The preprocessed images were segmented using the four methods and the results are discussed.


AbstractThe Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit's method of recording standing buildings is described and the record sheets illustrated. It is argued that detailed recording by this method would be desirable for all standing buildings of stone or brick.


The article presents the results obtained from the use of aeration with large forms of bactericidal spray (cedar) in preschool and school institutions in Krasnoyarsk in conjunction with individual aeration of small forms of bactericidal spray (cedar) at home in the season of rising incidence of influenza and ARVI. Due to a decrease in the total microbial contamination of the air environment and surface when using the harmless bactericidal spray (cedar), there is a decrease in the incidence of ARVI among children who regularly receive aeration for 4 weeks, and there is a lighter course of ARVI and the absence of complicated forms in 2 times in the observed children in comparison with the group where aeration was not applied. The positive results obtained during the 4-week observation, and the absence of any side effects from the spraying of bactericidal spray (cedar) allows us to recommend it for the prevention of influenza and ARVI during the period of epidemic or seasonal increase in morbidity in organized groups of preschool and school institutions. Considering that since the beginning of the heating season, dry air is installed in the premises, the use of aeration of bactericidal spray reduces the impact of harmful environmental factors on the child's body, which is facilitated by the ionization and moistening of the air with phytoncide spray components.


Caterpillar has developed an automated sound power measurement system that measures the noise of construction equipment before it leaves the assembly plant. This paper describes the test system and gives the results of verification tests conducted at various manufacturing plants around the world. The new system allows Caterpillar to quickly and accurately acquire the data necessary to ensure that their products meet noise requirements.


Itisreported byexperienced deminers that theexistence ofmoisture insoils complicates thedetection ofburied landmines. Inthis workweexamine theinfluence ofwater intwodifferent sample soil types (sand andclay soil) onthemagnetic field induced byaminesurrogate andthus onthequality of thedetector's audible signal whenusing afrequency domain metal detector. Theresults ofourstudies prove that withincreasing moisture content theamplitude ofthereceived response voltage inboth operating frequencies isdiminished andthat thelevel ofdiminution depends onthesoil type. To investigate theinfluence ofdifferent soils andmoisture levels acomprehensive measurement activity hasbeenaccomplished. Thereceived signal data havebeensmoothed andevaluated statistically. For this purpose firstly thevoltage intervals defined bytheoverall extreme values ofthepuresoil measurements areevaluated, sotheintervals include all inhomogeneities oftheground, andcompared withother different test scenarios containing mines. Theadditional obtained result that theextremal intervals ofthewetsoils converge tothecorresponding intervals ofdrysoils whendesiccating underlines theexpected influence ofmoisture content. Asafirst trytocategorize anddifferentate mines buried indifferent depths, soil types andmoisture levels, aself organizing feature maptomerge andcategorize thehigh-dimensional, complex spatial signal vectors obtained whenmoving thesensor headoveramineburied intheground hasbeentrained andapplied tothetest data.


The unique characteristic of quantum mechanics may be used in the near future to create a quantum associative memory with a capacity exponential in the number of neurons. In this paper we discuss some quantum computational ideas and algorithms necessary to develop a quantum associative memory.


The purpose of this article is to provide a model that demonstrates the implementation process of Malaysian Islamic Quality Management System, MS 1900. MS 1900 is a structured system that assists organizations to deliver products and services that meet customers' requirements, comply with regulatory requirements as well as with the requirements of Shariah. The system was launched in 2005 with its ultimate aim to fill in the gap according to the ISO 9001 standard in relation to the Islamic perspective. A wide range of literature was reviewed, with particular focus on the Quality Management Standard ISO 9001 and Malaysian Islamic Quality Management Standard MS 1900. The model that is developed consists of three components, namely; the implementation steps of ISO 9001, Shariah elements in MS 1900 requirements and MS 1900 principles. The article concludes that shariah elements were synchronized into the existing ISO 9001 in 1 This article is derived from Research Grant UMRG 019/09SBS.


Abstract Background Sapovirus is one of the principal agents of acute viral enteritis in children. Because it has not been routinely included in diagnostic evaluations, the epidemiology and natural history remain poorly described. Methods A birth cohort of 1715 children from 8 countries contributed surveillance samples (n = 35 620) and diarrheal specimens (n = 6868) from 0 to 24 months of age. Sapovirus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction concurrently to other enteropathogens using multiarray cards. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors, and longitudinal models were employed to estimate incidence rates and evaluate evidence of protective immunity. Results Sapovirus was detected in 24.7% (n = 1665) of diarrheal stools and 12.8% (n = 4429) of monthly surveillance samples. More than 90% of children were infected and 60% experienced sapovirus diarrhea in the first 2 years of life. Breastfeeding and higher socioeconomic status were associated with reduced incidence of infection and illness. Specimens with sapovirus detected had an increased odds of coinfection with rotavirus (odds ratio [OR], 1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–2.0]), astrovirus (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3–1.7]), adenovirus (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1–1.5]), and Shigella (OR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.6]). Prior infection with sapovirus conferred a risk reduction of 22% for subsequent infection (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, .74–.85]) and 24% for subsequent diarrhea (95% CI, 11.0%–35.0%; HR, 0.76). Conclusions Sapovirus is a common cause of early childhood diarrhea. Further research on coinfections is warranted. Evidence of acquired immunity was observed even in the absence of genotype-specific analysis for this pathogen of known genetic diversity.


Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of the telomerase antisense nucleotides on the BIU87 cell derived from bladder cancer. Methods:The phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides(PS ASON) of differential dose with sequence TTAGGGTTAGACAA targeted to telomerase RNA template(as A,B,C experiment group)and PS random primer with 13 nucleotides(as control group) were incubated with the BIU87 cell line.The number of cells was counted from 1 to 30 days,doubling time was calculated and inhibiting rate was determined by MTT method. Results:ASON group reduced telomerase activity and the number of cells,lengthened doubling time,and elevated the inhibiting rate comtrasted with random primer control and empty control.The efficacy depended on the dose of ASON ( P 0.05) and it was of sequence selective specifity. Conclusion:The ASON targeted hTR has an inhibition effect on the telomerase activity and growth of BIU87 cell, induce cells degraduation might have potential significance in tumor therapy. [


The movie industry in India has a distinctive effect on their audience, which is rather unique when compared to the various influencing kinds of messages that are portrayed through different forms of media. Perceptual immediacy is often viewed in the audiences while they watch a movie or even when a spark is formed in their psyche just by the visuals that they see on a movie poster. And so, while creating a movie or even constructing a movie poster, the ability to make it relevant to the viewers is carefully considered by the creators of this medium. This paper aims to study whether Malayalam movie posters visually construct meaning and whether they can influence the financial success of a film. The sample for this research was three Malayalam movie posters: Pulimurugan, Kayamkulam Kochunni, and Lucifer. The methodological approach for this study was conducted by using Kress and van Leeuwen's visual social semiotic method.


E. P. Thompson had more in common with the political economy he criticised than he realised. Just as he placed his own radicalism in opposition to a thoroughly statized and oppressive form of socialism so also political economy set itself against the tyranny of the old aristocratic order. In looking for an alternative to the objective Marxism that went along with statized socialism, Thompson uncovered the history of an active subject, a class that made itself. Similarly, political economy had looked to an order founded on self-direction as the viable alternative to the hand of the aristocrats. In both cases then the basis for an alternative to a form of centralized political control was looked for in a formaterte


1School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China 2Department of Information Systems, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA 3Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA 4School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China 5Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China 6College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China


Background:  Cow's milk (CM) allergy is the most frequent cause of food allergy in infants. Most children who are allergic to CM are also sensitized to whey proteins and/or to the casein fraction and many of them cannot tolerate goat's or sheep's milk (GSM) either. Conversely, the GSM allergies that are not associated with allergic cross‐reactivity to CM are rare.


AIM:To investigate the oxidative mechanism of homocysteine(Hcy)-induced functional injury in endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) and the protective effects of atorvastatin.METHODS:Total mononuclear cells were isolated from the mouse bone marrow by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured in vitro.After being cultured for 7 days,the cells were identified by fluorescence microscopy.Cells were divided into six groups.Cells were treated with Hcy(0 μmol/L,50 μmol/L,500 μmol/L) for 24 h or pretreated with atorvastatin(0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L) for 0.5 h,then cultured with 500 μmol/L Hcy for 24 h.EPC proliferation,migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with MTT assay,modified Boyden chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenesis kit,respectively.EPC adhesion assay was performed by replating those on fibronectin-coated dishes,and then adherent cells were counted.Reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels in cells were measured using H2DCF-DA as a fluorescence probe.Activities of NADPH oxidases were evaluated with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence.NO in the supernatant was detected by nitrate reductase assay.RT-PCR was performed to determine the eNOS expression.RESULTS:Hcy impaired the proliferation,adhesion,migration activity and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs,increased ROS accumulation,NADPH oxidase activation,and decreased the secretion of NO,and eNOS mRNA expression,compared with the control group(P0.05 or P0.01).Atorvastatin inhibited the effects of Hcy in a dose-dependent manner,compared with the 500 μmol/L Hcy group(P0.05 or P0.01).CONCLUSION:Hcy induces ROS via activating NADPH oxidase,decreases NO secretion and eNOS mRNA expression leading to EPC functional injury.Atorvastatin partially antagonizes these effects.


Aim. To summarize the results of the study of allelopathic pressure of water-soluble secretions of Elytrigia repens L. in the laboratory. Methods. The rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass were dried to an air-dry state and ground into 3-4 mm particles. To extract, a weighed portion of weed rhizome (0.5, 1 and 10 g) was transferred to a glass container and 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature was added. The extraction process according to the method lasted 1 day at a temperature of +200°C. The experiments were performed with aqueous extracts at a concentration of 1:1000, 1:100 and 1:10. Results. As a result of our research, it was found that the presence of water-soluble secretions from the rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass inhibits the energy of germination of corn seeds, regardless of their level of concentration. On the fourth day of the survey, it was determined that the concentrations of water extracts of wheatgrass 1:100 and 1:10 significantly suppressed the length of the germinal root of corn: 2.37 cm and 2.78 cm, respectively. Measurements of the length of the coleoptile on the 7th day of germination of corn seeds showed a decrease in this indicator in the above options by 29.5% and 30.3%, respectively, compared to the control variant. Also, the total length of the root system in these variants was 44.2% and 44.6% shorter. On the germination and subsequent growth of maize seedlings aqueous extract with a concentration of 1:1000 gave a significant stimulating effect compared to the control variant, in which the seeds were germinated in distilled water. Conclusion. Therefore, depending on the concentration in the aqueous solution of allelopathically active substances from the rhizome of creeping wheatgrass can be either stimulating or inhibiting their effect on the processes occurring during the germination of corn seeds. The results of the research explain the appearance of unfriendly maize seedlings and the lag in the growth and development of cultivated plants in locked areas.


An antifungal protein named PaAFP was isolated and purified from the seeds of Pachyrrhizus erosus by extraction with PB buffer, S Sepharose Fast Flow, CM 52 cellulose and Sephadex G 75 column chromatography. On potato sucrose agar medium, the purified protein obviously inhibited the growth of the important edible fungus pathogens Trichoderma viride and Chrysosporium luteum at 6 2 μg and 12 5 μg per disc respectively. The molecular weight was about 14 kD by SDS PAGE and HPLC. The isoelectric point was pH7 5. Analysis of the composition of amino acids showed that this protein was rich in Asx, but lacking in Met.


Greater Manchester Neurorehabilitation & Integrated Stroke Delivery Network, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK HMR Community Stroke Team, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK North Manchester Community Services, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Salford Community Stroke Team, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK Cardiology Consultant, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK Hypertension Associate, Greater Manchester and Eastern Cheshire Strategic Clinical Networks, Manchester, UK


In order to research the influence of thermal reflow processing parameters on the micro-spherical structure's height which is melted by the D×h(Φ500 μm×66 μm) micro-cylinder resist,the Marc software was applied to simulate resist melting and deforming processing.The ideal processing parameters combination was obtained by orthogonal experimental method and the single factor experimental method was utilized to study the effect law of different processing parameters on the height of micro-spherical structure.The results showed that the ideal processing parameters combination was 1 ℃/s for heating rate,110℃ for heating temperature and 45min for holding time;the significance of processing parameters on the micro-spherical structure's height can be ordered in holding timeheating rateheating temperature.


The facilities of the coherent laser pulse spectroscopy of the pHe+ transitions are considered taking the magnetic structure of the energy levels into account. The possibility of observation of the dynamics of `intramolecular' motions is also analyzed.


This paper presents a software system prototype for rectal wall ultrasound image processing, image display and 3D reconstruction and visualization of the rectal wall structure, which is aimed to help surgeons cope with large quantities of rectal wall ultrasound images. On the core image processing algorithm part, a novel multigradient field active contour model proposed by authors is used to complete the multi-layer boundary detection of the rectal wall. A novel unifying active contour model, which combines region information, gradient information and contour's internal constraint, is developed for tumor boundary detection. The region statistical information is described accurately by Gaussian Mixture Model, whose parameter solution is computed by Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The whole system is set up on Java platform. Java JAI technology is used for 2D image display, Java3D technology is employed for 3D reconstruction and visualization. The system prototype is currently composed of three main modules: image processing, image display and 3D visualization.


During the Anti-Japanese War,it is based upon such conditions that Guomindang could admit the communist Party's legal status as:the Communist Party should be combined into Guomindang;the Communist Party should give up its army and political rights;or the problem should be discussed after the constitution formulated.Thus the problem of the Communist Party's legal status was not solved completely.


Robust activity recognition in near real-time is a prerequisite for delivering the smartness intrinsic to the pragmatic realisation of smart homes, environments and so forth. Many of the physical devices necessary for equipping a smart home are already available as consumer electronic devices and certified for use by the public. Yet activity recognition remains the preserve of the research community, despite the array of machine learning and other AI techniques currently available. To-date, research has been dominated by the use of pre-segmented data, resulting in the recognition of an arbitrary activity subsequent to its completion. For assistive paradigms dependent on smart technologies, for example Ambient Assisted Living, such approaches are insufficient. The overall objective must be the identification of an activity within an appropriative confidence level as soon as possible after activity commencement. This paper presents a novel approach, Cumulatively Overlapping windowing approach for AmBient Recognition of Activities (COBRA), for near real-time activity recognition, specifically within 10, 30, 60 or 120 seconds of the commencement of an activity. COBRA utilizes an innovative combination of sliding windows augmented with a logistic regression model. The approach is evaluated using the well-established, open, CASAS dataset.


determine the mode of orientation (axial or equatorial) of biva- lents at metaphase I because of high degree of condensation, close aggregation at the equatorial plate, and, in many species, the high number and small size of bivalents. On the other hand, the post-reductional division of the


Sensitive scalp is a frequent complaint in the  dermatological setting. If no primary lesion is seen  and no underlying reason is found, it is diagnosed as  pruritus of undetermined origin or as sensitive scalp.  Management of scalp pruritis is challenging and no  generally accepted strategy exists in conventional  treatment. Due to limited efficacy of treatments used  for sensitive scalp, homoeopathy can be a safe, cost  effective alternative medicine for treatment of this  disorder.


This paper studied decomposition bio-refractory organic compounds by ozonation. Basic principle of ozonation technology and its application to water treatment, as well as considerable potentialities in treating on ganic wastewater were introduced, The effects of different factors on treating bio-refractory organic compounds were investigaed, and optimum ozonation condition was given as well.


Recombinant mesophilic Escherichia coli (Ec) and thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) elongation factors EF‐Tus, their isolated G‐domains, and six chimeric EF‐Tus composed of domains of either EF‐Tu were prepared, and their GDP/GTP binding activities and thermostability were characterized. BstEF‐Tu and BstG‐domain bound GDP and GTP with affinities in nanomolar and submicromolar ranges, respectively, fully comparable with those of EcEF‐Tu. In contrast, the EcG‐domain bound the nucleotides with much lower, micromolar affinities. The exchange of domains 2 and 3 had essentially no effect on the GDP‐binding activity; all complexes of chimeric EF‐Tus with GDP retained Kd values in the nanomolar range. The final thermostability level of either EF‐Tu was the result of a cooperative interaction between the G‐domains and domains 2 + 3. The G‐domains set up a "basic" level of the thermostability, which was ∼20°C higher with the BstG‐domain than with the EcG‐domain. This correlated with the growth temperature optimum difference of both bacteria and two distinct thermostabilization features of the BstG‐domain: an increase of charged residues at the expense of polar uncharged residues (CvP bias), and a decrease in the nonpolar solvent‐accessible surface area. Domains 2 + 3 contributed by further stabilization of α‐helical regions and, in turn, the functions of the G‐domains to the level of the respective growth temperature optima. Their contributions were similar irrespective of their origin but, with Ecdomains 2 + 3, dependent on the guanine nucleotide binding state. It was lower in the GTP conformation, and the mechanism involved the destabilization of the α‐helical regions of the G‐domain by Ecdomain 2.


A new lower limit of 3.2 x 10/sup 22/ yr has been obtained for the half-life of neutrinoless double ..beta.. decay of /sup 76/Ge to the ground state of /sup 76/Se, by use of a Ge detector of 208 cm/sup 3/ active volume running in a salt mine for 2363 h. This is the largest detector used to date in such an experiment. A limit for decay to the first excited state has also been obtained.


Severe Aortic stenosis: Is urgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement better than Balloon aortic valvuloplasty better than?Wael Awad FRCS(C/Th)1, Mohammed Idhrees MS, MCh, FAIS2, Mohamad Bashir MD, PhD, MRCS 31. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital,West Smithfield, London, UK2. Institute of Cardiac and Aortic disorders, SRM Institues for Medical Science (SIMS Hospital), India3. Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Haslingden Road,Blackburn, UK


The software Requirement Engineering (RE) is one of the most important and fundamental activities in the software life cycle. With the introduction of different software process paradigms, the Requirement Engineering appeared in different facets, yet remaining its significance without a doubt. The software development outsourcing is considered as a win-win situation for both developed and developing countries. High numbers of low paid, yet talented workforce in developing countries could be employed for software outsourcing projects with the demanding power of the outsourcer to decide the projects, their scope and priorities with the intention of profit maximization. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of poor Requirement Engineering in outsourced software projects from the developers' context (sample size n = 57). It was identified that the present outsourcing scenario has created to have frequent requirement changes, shrunk design and stretched development phases, and frequent deliverables, which have to be accommodated by the software developer with extra effort and commitment beyond the project norms. The results reveal important issues and open policy level discussions while questioning our insights on the outsourcing benefits as a whole.


BACKGROUND: Samples from different plant species, different organs or tissues at different times of the year, usually show great differences in their cell compositions, pH, and the endogenous RNase activities, decreasing the RNA yield and quality.

RESULTS: In this study we describe a reagent and a simple total RNA isolation method for plant organs, tissues and dry seeds. The RNA extraction reagent (MAGi) is non-toxic and can be stored at room temperature for several months to years. The principle of the total RNA extraction is that tissues are lysed in extraction solution with the aid of mortar homogenization–maceration, and cellular proteins, polysaccharides and DNA are removed from the RNA. We tested the reported method on more than 16 different types of plant seed and 15 different tissues and organs of pepper.

CONCLUSION: The RNA extraction procedure reported in the present study greatly reduces the time required to isolate dry seed total RNA and other tissues by more than half as compared with the previously reported methods. The range of typical RNA yield and quality represents a significant improvement over existing protocols. The quality is high enough to be considered as suitable method for RT-PCR, cDNA library construction and microarray gene expression studies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


The narrow wavebands (0.545-0.565, 0.649-0.669, 0.855-0.875, 1.58-1.64 μm) and dual look angle (nadir and 55° forward) of ATSR-2 should enhance the ability to detect vegetation of very low densities from remotely sensed data. This paper looks at the application of ATSR-2 to the mapping and monitoring of sparse vegetation in the eastern desert region of Jordan, an area used extensively for grazing. Imagery was compared with contemporaneous field data. Results indicate that indices utilising combinations of near infrared/red reflectance are of limited use for differentiating vegetation due to bright soil backgrounds; this limits the ability to extract a characteristic spectral response of dry chenopod vegetation, particularly at vegetation densities of less than 10 %. An alternative approach is to simulate the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of ATSR-2 pixels over dryland surfaces in order to develop a model, which can be inverted to estimate vegetation characteristics. Ongoing research considers the use of linear mixture modelling incorporating different look angles as data layers and the potential information held in the directional dependence of red/near infrared feature space.


We report on the fabrication of nano-devices on the [1 0 1] surface of a Weyl semimetal, a macroscopic crystal of TaAs, and low-temperature transport measurements. We can implement electron beam lithography by peeling off and transferring the resist for nanofabrication onto the irregular crystal. We fabricate the device electrodes with superconducting Niobium nitride (NbN) to control the current flow through the intended active area of the devices. Our device structure enables the reduction of the current jetting effect, and we demonstrate the negative magnetoresistance measurement as a function of angle. The high field magnetotransport show three distinct oscillation frequencies corresponding to the three bands at the Fermi level. Resistance measured in the low magnetic field shows the usual weak anti-localization dip near the zero-field – a signature of a Weyl material. Our method of fabricating devices with superconducting electrodes provides a way to probe the electrical properties of macroscopic single crystals at the nanoscale. As we use conventional lithographic techniques for patterning, this method can be extended to a wide gamut of electrode materials and a large class of 3D quantum materials.


In this study, we propose a synthetic aperture imaging technique for near-field scatterers mutually coupled with an antenna array, such as supporting structures, fixtures of the antenna, and a radome enclosing the antenna. Mutual coupling is a phenomenon, in which the scattered and reradiated waves from the array elements and the near-field scatterers are received by the array elements, and it is known to cause undesired effects in array signal processing, such as direction-of-arrival estimation. Therefore, we need to design the antenna array with the goal of reducing the unwanted scattered and reradiated waves as much as possible, and we require a method to evaluate the scattering intensity for validation of the antenna design. For this purpose, we utilize the bistatic synthetic aperture radar measurement, whereby we mount the receiving antenna array under test on a turntable for azimuth rotation and irradiate this antenna with a fixed transmitting antenna. The measured signals are synthesized to image an area that contains both the array elements and scatters of interest. Because the spatial separations between the array elements and the scatterers are small, the direct waves from the transmitting antenna to the receiving elements result in serious artifacts in the reconstructed image. To suppress this effect, we apply a direct wave filter as a preprocessing method for image reconstruction. We demonstrate the proposed imaging scheme via data sets of numerical electromagnetic simulations and anechoic chamber measurements.


Four major Indian rivers have been scanned to study the level of metallic pollution in relation to know the reason of the decrement in freshwater fisheries. Threatening reports have been noticed of some of the heavy metals as ; Chromium 0.003 [0.05]]ppm ,Led0.346 [0.1]ppm ,selenium0.21[ 1.3]ppm and arsenic at 0.021[ 0.95]ppm. Values in bracket are reported to be acceptable level for survival of fishes in Indian freshwaters. Tissue histology of gonads and gills and liver have also been undertaken to know the severity of the pollution through cellular damage in the tissues. It is observed that testis found more damaged at cellular level than ovary followed by liver and gills.


For determining the volume of luggage (2) or other material to be conveyed on a conveyor belt (3) is proposed an optical measuring device (6-8, 15-17) along a to the conveying direction (4) inclined holder arranging (5), which allows to detect the conveyed material (2) on all sides.


A new type of localized corrosion can occur at water injection points in a catalytic cracking plant, if the ratio of hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream to ammonia in the injection water is in a specific heretofore unknown range. The mechanism of this new form of corrosion is enhanced hydrogen sulfide absorption occurring at the splash-zone periphery, leading to an accelerated type of horseshoe corrosion. Because of the geometric uniqueness of horseschoe corrosion, it might not be detected by standard industry inspection methods conducted at the six o'clock position in process piping


In 2000, a government bill set out Sweden's aim to become an information society for all its citizens, with an emphasis on building confidence, developing competence and providing access to new information and communication technologies (ICTs). This article grounds these policy objectives in a study of ICT use among Swedish working-class citizens. Following a discussion of the opportunities which ICT access and usage offer for the exercise of Swedish citizenship, the authors highlight respondent-identified obstacles that stand in the way of realizing this vision of the Internet as civic tool, including cost, workplace disparities, language competence and technical difficulties. The article concludes with several suggestions for overcoming these obstacles.


Advancements in wind energy technologies have led wind turbines from fixed speed to variable speed operation. This paper introduces an innovative version of a variable-speed wind turbine based on a model predictive control (MPC) approach. The proposed approach provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT), whose main objective is to capture the maximum wind energy in spite of the variable nature of the wind's speed. The proposed MPC approach also reduces the constraints of the two main functional parts of the wind turbine: the full load and partial load segments. The pitch angle for full load and the rotating force for the partial load have been fixed concurrently in order to balance power generation as well as to reduce the operations of the pitch angle. A mathematical analysis of the proposed system using state-space approach is introduced. The simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that the performance of the wind turbine with the MPC approach is improved compared to the traditional PID controller in both low and high wind speeds.


THE INVENTION RESPECT FOR SWITCHING SYSTEMS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS. A NETWORK SWITCHING SELF connects multiple DELIVERY CONTROLLER INTERFACE 207-0, 208-1, FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TRANSMITTED INFORMATION PACKET AND CIRCUIT, WITH MULTIPLE PATHS NETWORK. SAME STAGE OF INCLUDES NODE SWITCHING 102-0, 102-4 GROUPS THAT ARE IN PAIRS. THE FLOORS ARE CONNECTED BY LINKS 203-0 AND EACH PAIR OF KNOTS SWITCHING USING THE LINK TOGETHER EVEN INPUT 202-0, 202-2, 202-4 ... FROM PREVIOUS STAGE. APPLICATION TO NETWORKS MIXED PACKET AND CIRCUIT.


This story begins with a skinny white DJ mixing between the breaks of
obscure Motown records with the ambidextrous intensity of an octopus on
speed. It closes with the same man, debilitated and virtually blind, fumbling
for gospel records as he spins up eternal hope in a fading dusk. In between
Walter Gibbons worked as a cutting-edge discotheque DJ and remixer who,
thanks to his pioneering reel-to-reel edits and contribution to the development
of the twelve-inch single, revealed the immanent synergy that ran between the
dance floor, the DJ booth and the recording studio. Gibbons started to mix
between the breaks of disco and funk records around the same time DJ Kool
Herc began to test the technique in the Bronx, and the disco spinner was as
technically precise as Grandmaster Flash, even if the spinners directed their
deft handiwork to differing ends. It would make sense, then, for Gibbons to
be considered alongside these and other towering figures in the pantheon of
turntablism, but he died in virtual anonymity in 1994, and his groundbreaking
contribution to the intersecting arts of DJing and remixology has yet to
register beyond disco aficionados.1


The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the features of the manifestation the matrimonial behavior of student youth. The analysis of the main marriage attitudes of this group (attitude to marriage, divorce, cohabitation; criteria for choosing a marriage partner, motives for marriage) was carried out on the basis of primary data obtained from a survey of students of the Belgorod State National Research University. It was revealed that the majority of BSU students have a traditional view of marriage, have a desire to marry and start a family, an official marriage, which implies traditional family values, is preferable for them. When choosing a marriage partner, most of the young people are guided by the personal characteristics of a person and value orientations. The following marriage attitudes are typical for modern students: an increase in the ideal age for marriage, the emergence of family equality trends and a decrease in the desired number of children in the family.


The invention discloses an experimental method for simulating the copper loss of a traction transformer winding. A resistance wire winding with a certain resistance value is adopted to replace the studied traction transformer winding, direct current is adopted as a test power source, and the method has the specific steps that two resistance wires with selected parameters are wound on an iron core to form a high-voltage resistance wire winding and a low-voltage resistance wire winding, the low-voltage resistance wire winding is arranged inside, and the high-voltage resistance wire winding is arranged outside; the high-voltage resistance wire winding and the low-voltage resistance wire winding are connected in parallel, and connected with the direct-current power source in series; the direct-current power source is powered on to enable the resistance wires to heat to simulate the copper loss of the transformer winding. The direct-current power source and the resistance wires are utilized, the transformer copper loss simulation experimental condition is reduced, mutual interference between the two windings is avoided, and high accuracy is kept.


Objective: To develop an auto-segmentation method for delineating the biological tumor volume of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from positron emission tomography images. Methods: A phantom


We demonstrate efficient continuum generation in the 2 micron wavelength interval using a new scheme of off-axis pumping and high-order mode propagation in a photonic crystal fiber pumped at around 780 nm.


The purpose of the paper is to introduce a new approach of planning called Assumption-Based Planning. This approach is a very interesting way to devise a planner based on a multi-agent system in which the production of a global shared plan is obtained by conjecture/refutation cycles. Contrary to classical approaches, our contribution relies on the agents reasoning that leads to the production of a plan from planning domains. To take into account complex environments and the partial agents knowledge, we propose to consider the planning problem as a defeasible reasoning where the agents exchange proposals and counter-proposals and are able to reason about uncertainty. The argumentation dialogue between agents must not be viewed as a negotiation process but as an investigation process in order to build a plan. In this paper, we focus on the mechanisms that allow an agent to produce `reasonable' proposals according to its knowledge.


The present invention provides an upgrading and sending method of electronic business guidance and consists of the following steps: Step 1. Constituting electronic business guidance data block according to preset regulation and establish data block mark corresponding with the electronic business guidance data block; Step 2. Adding the electronic business guidance data block description information including data block mark, data block version number and electronic business guidance business mark into the basic description tablet of the electronic business guidance; and Step 3. Finding electronic business guidance business mark that corresponds with the electronic business guidance data block from the basic description tablet of the business guidance data block when transmit the electronicbusiness guidance data and transmitting electronic business data block with the business multiplexing subframe corresponding with the electronic business guidance business mark. Thus, the present invention makes the upgrading procedure of the ESG data more convenient to be realized and reduces the receiving and upgrading data size and makes the upgrading of the terminal comparatively easier.


Further to Haghighat ([2001][1]), I would like to point out that the impact of stigmatisation is what it was when Goffman was developing his thoughts on stigma.

The impact of the the Human Genome Project potentially reveals boundless information that is stigmatising to both individual and family,


Transitioning from a simulation environment to real flight can be costly for MAV system and algorithm designers as they wrestle with the challenges and unpredictability of the real world. This transition often involves problems that can result in hardware damage or possibly injury. We have developed a system that cost-effectively addresses these problems. The system creates a virtual cage in which the MAV flight parameters are constrained to ensure the detection of the virtual cage boundaries and the safe recovery when those boundaries are reached. The system can operate with a minimal infrastructure and on-board sensing capabilities, functions indoors and outdoors, supports a range of MAVs including those with low computational capabilities, and automatically identifies the constraints to impose on the MAV based on its sensing and navigation capabilities and the cage attributes. The empirical assessment of the system with a MAV colliding against the virtual boundaries nearly 250 times in indoor and outdoor settings showed that the MAV remained within the virtual bounds over 97% of the time.


A type of filter based on a one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal (PC) with dual-periodical heterostructures is designed. The characteristics of photonic band gap (PBG) are studied by transfer matrix method. The result showed that a PBG range from 512 nm to 960 nm appeared in the PC and five very narrow transmittance peaks exhibited in this gap. The authors put emphasis on the case of the PC with complex refractive index layers, as well as the meso-piezooptic effect of the strained PC. The investigation results show that the transmittance peaks gain if the imaginary part is negative. With the increase of the absolute of the imaginary part, the transmittance peaks increase firstly then decrease even occur attenuation lastly. However, the transmittance peaks are absorbed if the imaginary part is positive. On the case of the strained PC, the variation of transmittance peaks presents a shape of L as the stain increases. The conclusions provide theoretical guidance for the realization of multi-channel narrow band filter, filter with gain.


This paper aims to emphasize the idea that the income support guaranteed by the pension schemes should be a matter of primary concern when pension policies are designed. This subject is closely related to the social function of this system. As with any other system, the analysis and assessment of a pension system should consider, first of all, the success in meeting its purpose and objectives. As a consequence, the income guarantee provided in old age should not been seen as the adjustment variable (i.e. a residual subject) in a policy designed to achieve financial sustainability. The costs of pension systems must not be seen as "the objective" to minimize. Instead, they should be regarded as "the restriction" to face. Based on this argument, I develop a critical assessment of recent pension reforms in Portugal and propose a methodology for policy formulation that takes income security in retirement as the starting point. JEL Classification: H55.


TS2007 is a new type of special counting clip. This essay mainly introduces the characteristic of multifunction,and also makes a detailed introduction of the capsulation of clip,the function of the outlet,the working mode,the electrical character,the typical application circuit and the operating principle.


Ultrafiltration or textile dyes using polyacrylonitrile hollow fibers is reported. Experiments were carried out in recirculating system with various flow intensities along the fiber. Dependence of rejection and membrane flux on concentration of bulk solution is presented. Due to aggregation of dye particles and good separation characteristics of membranes used high water recovery and concentration of dyes were obtained.


Landolfi's Sign A 73-year-old man presented with shortness of breath. On ocular exam, pupil dilation and constriction that were synchronized with his heartbeat were noted, a finding known as Landol...


In many parallel applications, each computation entity (process, thread etc.) switches the bulk of its communication between a small group of other entities. We call this phenomenon switching locality. The Interconnection Cached Network (ICN) is a reconfigurable network especially suited for exploiting switching locality. It consists of many small, fast crossbars interconnected by a large, slow switching crossbar. The large crossbar is used for topology reconfiguration and the smaller crossbars for circuit switching. For a large class of communication patterns displaying switching locality (this includes meshes, tori, trees, rings, pyramids, etc.), it is possible to choose appropriate ICN configurations and assignments of processes to processors such that all communication paths pass through two or less switching components.
Much of the previous work on performance analysis of networks has assumed random, uniformly distributed communication and is inapplicable to many real-life parallel applications that lack this uniformity. We develop a methodology to analyze the performance of synchronous, circuit switched networks under different communication traffic patterns. We employ this methodology to study the performance of the ICN in comparison to more popular reconfigurable networks: the delta and the crossbar. We choose two different communication patterns—a 2-D torus representing a high degree of switching locality and a fully connected graph representing complete absence of such locality. We show that in the presence of locality, the ICN comes very close to matching the crossbar's performance. This, together with the shorter network cycle period of the ICN, makes it more desirable. In the absence of switching locality, the reconfigurability of the ICN allows for a graceful degradation in performance.


The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts, in particular to an automotive rearview mirror. The rearview mirror comprises an open mirror shell, a glass bottom plate arranged at the open end of the mirror shell, and a mounting seat mounted on a body; glass is arranged on the glass bottom plate; a mounting space is formed between the mirror shell and the glass bottom plate; a motor tray is fixedly arranged in the mounting space; a folding mechanism is arranged at one end of the motor tray, which is close to the mounting seat; a rotating seat is fixedly arranged on the lower end face of the motor tray; a folding shaft is fixedly arranged on the mounting seat; the rotating seat is sleeved on the folding shaft and rotates around the folding shaft; a folding driving mechanism for driving the rotating seat to rotate around the folding shaft is arranged on the motor tray; and a glass steering mechanism is also arranged on the motor tray. The rearview mirror is simple in structure, convenient to operate and full-automatic in adjustment and folding, and provides security guarantee for running of an automobile.


This paper introduces the CASIA Mandarin corpus designed for Mandarin speech synthesis research. It has been carefully recorded by a professional female speaker under studio conditions. The corpus contains 5000 phonetic context balanced sentences with about 7 hours. The text transcription with word boundaries, POS tags and pronunciation are also involved. The final corpus has been delivered to Blizzard Challenge 2008 as the common corpus for Mandarin speech synthesis evaluation among all participants.


1. Qualified respondents (qualified because they use a particular product category) are shown three competitive brands and asked to express their relative preference by dividing ten points among the brands. One is the test brand, for which advertising will be evaluated, and the other two are competitive brands. 2. The respondents are shown advertising for each brand. 3. The respondents are asked to express their relative preference, again by dividing ten points among the three brands. 4. The persuasiveness of the commercial (the pre-post change) is then calculated by subtracting the number of points assigned to the test brand before advertising exposure from the number of points assigned after advertising exposure.


left psoas major lesion was neurofibroma, which excluded metastatic STUMP. After one year of follow-up, there was no sign of metastasis or recurrence. Prostatic STUMP, arising from specialized hormone-dependent mesenchymal cells of the prostate, is a quite rare neoplasm. To our knowledge, prostatic STUMP presenting as a huge bladder mass has not been reported yet. Prostatic STUMP is manifested by mitotic figures, necrosis, and stromal over-growth, as distinguished from prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS).1 The ages of prostatic STUMP patients generally ranged from 25 to 83 years. The most common clinical symptoms are non-specific, including acute or chronic urinary obstruction, hematuria, hematospermia, dysuria, and rectal dysfunction. DRE may reveal perceptible nodule. The serum PSA level is usually at a normal level or elevated mildly, which could be distinguished from other prostatic adenocarcinoma. In our case, the patient, with normal PSA, was 53-year-old. The MRI of our patient indicated a large mixed solid cystic mass rooted in the transitional zone of the prostate, which protruded into bladder. The mass had homogeneous low-signal on T1-weighted imaging, but it was diffusely heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted imaging. The prostatic STUMP usually localized in the peripheral zone and/or transition zone, based on previous reports.2 There was no reports about the prostatic STUMP with characteristics of arising from the transitional zone, protruding into the bladder and presenting as huge bladder mass. Besides, the MRI feature of prostatic STUMP is different from low signal of prostatic adenocarcinoma on T2-weighted imaging.3 Since current radiology techniques are unable to differentiate STUMP from some other mesenchymal neoplasms, B-ultrasonography guided needle biopsy is usually necessary for diagnosis. Dear Editor, We describe a rare case of prostatic stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) presenting as a huge bladder mass. Based on the previous literature, prostatic STUMP has a low incidence of morbidity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of prostatic STUMP presenting as a huge bladder mass. A 53-year-old male patient did not have any antecedent injury, but complained of pain in his left back and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) for 11 months. LUTS were manifested as nocturia, urinary frequency, and progressive urinary retention without hematuria. This patient also presented with fever and weight loss lasting for 1 month. His intermittent back pain was localized to the left lumbosacral region and usually triggered from hard labor. Digital rectal examination (DRE) revealed an enlarged prostate without perceptible nodules. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value was 3.23 ng ml−1 (normal range <4.0 ng ml−1), and no urinary tract infection was found by urine culture. B-ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large, round, well-defined mass rooted in the transitional zone of the prostate, which protruded into bladder. The mass represented homogeneous low-signal on T1-weighted imaging and diffusely heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted imaging. The volume of the mass was estimated at 9.8 cm × 8.5 cm × 7.7 cm. A 2.1 cm nodular lesion in the left psoas major was presumed to be a metastatic lesion (Figure 1). The patient underwent B-ultrasonography guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the prostatic mass and pathological examination suspected prostatic stromal tumor. Then, the patient underwent suprapubic transvesical adenomectomy and laparoscopic resection of psoas major lesion. Pathological examination of the prostatic mass showed that the tumor was composed of a diffuse proliferation of spindle-shaped stromal cells with scattered atypical mitosis (Figure 2). Immunohistochemical examination indicated that the stromal cells were positive for CD34, desmin, diffusely CD117 and partly progesterone receptors (PR), whereas smooth muscle antigen was negatively stained. A final diagnosis of prostatic STUMP was determined by observation of microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical analysis. The LETTER TO THE EDITOR


An improved complete coverage algorithm based on Acar algorithm is presented for static environment with unknown obstacles.If the walking direction of robot is changed,the critical points can be detected,the neighboring cells of all obstacles are covered by robot according to some rules.When the robot finds concave critical points and both the left and the right convex critical point set are empty,the complete coverage is accomplished.The algorithm can overcome some defects of Acar algorithm.Experiments validate the feasibility and correctness of the algorithm.


AIM
An attempt was made to improve the standardization of sperm morphology assessment.

METHODS
A software for computerized automatic/semiautomatic sperm morphology assessment was developed and a comparative study between this computerized system and the subjective micrometric method was carried out.

RESULTS
The software has shown to be very reliable and reproducible. The subjective micrometric method significantly underestimated the percentage of atypical forms compared with the objective method.

CONCLUSION
Until the development of new fully-automatic techniques, this system is certainly an effective first step in the objective, reproducible standardization of sperm morphology assessment.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the current status of general purpose linear programming algorithms. After a mathematical statement of the general linear programming problem, the following topics are discussed: Simplex Methods Primal-Dual Methods Generalized Inverse Applications Other Approaches Commercial Computer Codes Several possible areas for future research are indicated both in the body of the paper and in the concluding section.


This paper examines the effects of mindfulness practice through pranayama, hatha yoga, and meditation on practicing teachers in an inner city school to determine if practices of this nature could contribute to sustainable sense of self, sustainable happiness, and well-being for practicing teachers and pre-service teachers. Furthermore, mindfulness practice is discussed in the context of new pedagogies that are contributing to the transformation of teachers, students, and education. This inquiry has demonstrated that this process not only offers the practitioner serenity, awareness, peace, and well-being: but the benefits of the practice move far beyond the personal environment of those practicing teachers and into the classroom and school community providing opportunities for transformation; growing sustainable happiness and well-being.


The International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) developed a structured definition of postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) in 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of PPAP as defined by the ISGPS criteria.


The molecular dynamics technique is used to study the hydration of molecular ions in a modified SPC/E water model. The solvation of different types of molecular ions, for example, the tetramethylammonium cation and the nitrate and perchlorate anions, is studied. Structural correlation functions as well as time correlation functions for one-particle and collective properties have been calculated. The diffusion coefficients for all species in the simulated systems have also been determined to yield the electric conductivity via the Nernst−Einstein relation. Furthermore, the fluctuations of the total dipole moment and ionic current were evaluated to yield the static dielectric permittivities of the model electrolytes.


Metabolites are biomarkers measured in blood, urine, stool and tissue samples, determined by several factors, most importantly by the gut microbiota and changes in the metabolism from underlying diseases. Theoretically, specific diseases lead to changes in both factors that result in specific metabolomic profiles characterising these disorders. In recent years, metabolomic profiling for the diagnosis and the prognostic assessment of GI diseases has been an emerging and new tool; there are examples of metabolomics in diagnosing and assessing chronic GI disorders such as cancers, IBD and cirrhosis. The recent studies on metabolomics have assessed its potential roles in gastroenterology patients' care, but it is not yet part of the daily routine. In Gut, Adam et al report a very important study, which aimed to assess metabolomics' diagnostic potential in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Patients with unequivocally diagnosed CP had been identified by a set of criteria, including radiological changes and severely abnormal pancreatic function tests. Their metabolomic profiles were compared against three control groups, the first in the identification and then two control groups in the external validation studies. In the three steps of the study, there were three independent CP groups. The authors identified eight metabolites with which the tool can identify CP with an area under the curve (AUC) 0.85 (95% CI: 0.801 to 0.91) from an EDTA blood sample and an AUC 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.95) from serum. These results prove that their metabolomic profiling tool has good diagnostic accuracy. We shall ask the question: In which area of daily clinical practice could this new tool be used most effectively? Is it the established CP or early CP? We all know that CP is characterised by the irreversible loss of exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas from chronic inflammation. It is often accompanied by morphological changes of the pancreas detectable by various radiological methods. Notably, the diagnosis of established CP is rarely challenging. Therefore, assessing the cost/ benefit ratio and the limited access to the methodology, it is very unlikely that this specific metabolomic profile will be routinely used to diagnose CP. However, the most exciting clinical question is how to identify patients who will develop CP when there are no detectable radiologic features, significant clinical symptoms or overt exocrine insufficiency. Patients with early CP could benefit from interventions, and the fullblown CP could be prevented or significantly delayed. Therefore, we propose that the metabolomic profiles of patients with early CP and a high risk for developing advanced CP are analysed. The question arises, which patient population would benefit the most from the metabolomic test? Our study group just published an analysis of a small cohort in which patients with three or more acute pancreatitis episodes have a high probability of developing CP. Therefore, based on Adam et al's study, we decided to retest our observation in a large international cohort of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Between 2012 and 2019, from 13 countries and 30 medical centres, 2461 patients were enroled into the Acute Pancreatitis Registry initiated by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. The AP diagnosis was defined according to the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP)/American Pancreatic Association (APA) guidelines. The analysed cohort was representative of the complete AP cohort. The proportion of mild, moderately severe and severe cases was 71.0%, 23.7% and 5.3%. Our data analysis showed that the proportion of patients developing CP is exponentially and directly associated with the number of AP episodes (1.6%, 5.8% and 21% with 1, 2 and 3 AP episodes, respectively, table 1). Therefore, we believe that patients with three or more AP episodes with no morphological changes would be the best candidates in a longitudinal clinical trial to test the hypothesis of whether this newly developed metabolomic profile would be a good diagnostic tool to identify patients with early CP.


This paper is focused on how the trajectory of launch vehicle could be optimally estimated by the quadratic regression of trajectory data mining for the operation of telemetry ground system in NARO space center during real-time. To receive the telemetry data, the telemetry ground system has to track the space launch vehicle without tracking loss, and it is possible by the well-designed algorithm to estimate a flight position in real-time. For this reason, the quadratic regression model instead of interpolation was considered to estimate the exact position data of launch vehicle and the improvement of antenna performance. For analysis, the real trajectory data which had been logged during NARO 1st launch mission were used, the estimation result of launcher current position was analyzed by the mathematical modeling. In conclusion, the algorithm using quadratic regression based on trajectory data mining showed the better performance than previous interpolation algorithm to estimate the next flight position and the antenna driving performance.


This paper draws on findings from a study that explored the changing roles and career experience of research managers and research administrators in English universities. It explores how research support has evolved during a period when the higher education sector was responding to changing science and higher education policy. These changes have impacted on research managers and research administrators roles, altered the occupational group and moved field boundaries. The paper draws on Bourdieu's theory of social practice to understand these changes and identifies a shared space of tension, the 'shifting arena,' where the research manager field crosses into the academic field. It is suggested that an increased understanding of this space will enhance the collaborative working of all those involved in research and help maximise research activity.


The invention provides an improved massage bed which comprises a bed body, headrest fixing links, a headrest, a plurality of arc-shaped face support blocks and a plurality of face support block supporting pieces, wherein the bed body comprises a bed main body and a bedstead, the bed main body is fixedly arranged on the bedstead, first ends of the headrest fixing links are fixedly connected with the bed main body and the bedstead, second ends of the headrest fixing links are overhung at one side of the front end of the bed main body, the headrest is fixedly arranged at the second ends of the headrest fixing links, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of arc-shaped face support blocks are connected with a connection plate, the tail end of the connection plate is hinged with the bottom surface of the headrest through a hinge piece, the plurality of face support block supporting pieces are all arranged at the bottom surface of the headrest, and the face support block supporting pieces can be used for supporting the bottom surfaces of the face support blocks. The improved massage bed provided by the invention can be flexibly suitable for users with different facial forms.


AbstractCemented carbide inserts, both uncoated and coated with single or composite layers of TiC, TiN, or Al2O3, were used to cut En. 8 and En 24 steel at speeds between 183 and 305 min−1 Quick-stop specimens and tool-temperature estimates demonstrated that conditions at the tool/work interface were essentially similar for uncoated tools and for all types of coated tool tested. The flank and rake-face wear rates of coated tools were estimated to be respectively ∼ 10 and 100 times less than that of an uncoated carbide, smaller differences between the rates of flank and rake-face wear of TiC, TiN, and Al2O3 coatings being observed. On the rake face, wear of TiC coatings was by atomic diffusion and discrete plastic deformation, while TiN coatings and uncoated cemented carbide were worn by atomic diffusion. Al2O3 coatings were worn principally by discrete plastic deformation. Flank wear of both coated and uncoated tools was principally by atomic diffusion. Al2O3 and TiN coatings showed a greater resistance t...


The most representative group among mammals are rodents for presenting high ratio to the total of species. However, rodents are considered a "taxonomic chaos" and some species such as Blarinomys breviceps , Bibimys labiosus , Akodon lindberghi and Pseudoryzomys simplex are little known . That can be explained because of low occurrence of small terrestrial mammals in wildlife inventories and/or reduced abundance. The objective is to describe the occurrence of these species and analyze these locations presenting descriptive comments about their biological aspects. Therefore, in addition to specimens collected in the field, some scientific collections were visited and reviews in relevant literature were conducted in order to obtain information about the locations and biological aspects. Akodon lindberghi was found in five sites, Bibimys labiosus was found in 15, Blarinomys breviceps in 39 and Pseudoryzomys simplex  in 13. Each species has specific information and they are included in two threatened areas, Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. The occurrences are disconnected and related to taxonomic and methodological problems. Keywords: New records. Rodentia. Sigmodontinae. Occurence area.


Using the large-order formula for the coefficientsof the divergent weak-coupling series for the energy of the anharmonic oscillators, we derive a simple analytic large-order formula for the coefficients of the convergent renormalized strong-coupling series. This formula is valid for all the states of the anharmonic oscillators defined by the Hamiltonians H p 2 x 2 x 2 m with m 2. A further generalization of this formula is also proposed. Numerical tests of the formula are performed for the quartic, sextic, octic, and decadic oscillator with the help of asymptotic analysis. Further it is shown that the renormalized strong-coupling perturbation expansion converges for all the states of these oscillators and for all physically relevant 0, ). S1050-2947 99 04901-X


This study applied a backpropagation artificial neural network approach to investigate both the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)-related unsafe act tiers of factors and other non-HFACS factors in an attempt to recognize patterns for general aviation accident fatalities. Data were obtained from the HFACS database and extracted from the National Transportation Safety Board database from 1990 to 2002. Multiple neural network models were created and the best fit model was selected based on a sequence of criteria. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the validated model to rank the factors that lead to general aviation fatalities. Results are discussed and practical implications are given.


This article argues for a 'history from between' as the best lens through which to understand the construction of historical knowledge between East Asia and Europe. 'Between' refers both to the space framed by East Asia and Europe, as well as between the reality of global circulations of ideas and the subjective feeling of embeddedness in largerthan- local contexts that such ideas inspire. Our contention is that the outcomes of such entanglements are not merely reactive forms of knowledge of the kind implied by older studies of translation and reception in global intellectual history. Instead they are themselves 'co-productions'—they are the shared and mutually interactive inputs to enduring modes of uses of the past, across both East Asian and European traditions. Taking seriously the possibility that interpretations of the past were not transferred, but rather were co-produced between East Asia and Europe, we reconstruct the braided histories of historical narratives that continue to shape constructions of identity throughout Eurasia.


On the basis of optimal operation and experimental water impoundment scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir,6 different schemes of impounding water in advance were proposed.The flood control risk and comprehensive utilization benefits were calculated to determine the optimal impoundment schemes for the Three Gorges Reservoir.Two typical years of 1952 and 1964 were selected to obtain the seasonal design flood hydrographs.Results show that the best scheme is to impound water from 145m on September 1 to 160.0m on September 30 with a continuous and uniform process.The flood control risk ratio and risk loss ratio of seasonal design flood once in 1 000 years are 0.39% and 1.47% respectively,which are within controllable range;compared with the original scheme,the optimal schemes can generate 2.465 billion kW·h extra hydropower and save 2.532 billion m3 flood water resource.The full storage ratio and average storage level at the end of impounding period increase to 95.35% and 174.8m,respectively.


Experiments have revealed that branched, fractal-like wave patterns can arise in a variety of physical situations ranging from microwave and optical systems to solid-state devices, and that the wave-intensity statistics are non-Gaussian and typically exhibit a long-tail distribution. The origin of branched wave patterns is currently an issue of active debate. We propose and investigate a "minimal" model of optical wave propagation and scattering with two generic ingredients: 1) a finite-size medium for linear wave propagation and 2) random scatterers characterized by a continuous refractive-index profile. We find that branched waves can emerge as a general phenomenon in a wide parameter regime in between the weak-scattering limit and Anderson localization, and the distribution of high intensities follows an algebraic scaling law. The minimal model can provide insights into the physical origin of branched waves in other physical systems as well.


This study presents a first attempt at an archaeological topography of the city of Arbīl (Arbela, Urbilum, Arbail). Arbīl's large tell and citadel are among the most famous sites in northern Iraq, although research on the site has begun only recently. The study of the immediate hinterlands of the tell, complementary use of written sources, remote sensing and surveys offer a perspective on the extremely long-term evolution of the lower town, whose architectural remains have entirely disappeared under modern building development. Despite many lacunae in the data and a predominance of indirect hypotheses, the urban structure of Assyrian Arbail becomes comprehensible in the context of other Assyrian royal capitals. During the Islamic period, the city underwent a transformation, which merged the once prosperous Sasanian provincial capital with the expanding Muslim community.


The polarization of the secondary protons in the inelastic (p,p') reaction on the 40Ca nucleus and the relative cross sections of this reaction at 1 GeV of the initial proton energy were measured in a wide range of the scattered proton momenta (K) at lab angles \theta=13.5 and \theta=21.0 degrees. The final protons from the reaction were detected by means of a magnetic spectrometer equipped with multiwire proportional chamber polarimeter.


The ability of seed storage microflora to survive at the low moisture content of 12 to 18% in stored seeds makes their control difficult. At Mount Edgecombe a Penicillium species was isolated from sugarcane seeds which had a moisture content of about 13%. It appeared that where the seed coat had been damaged, it was likely that the micro-organism would invade the seed. The ultrastructural changes caused by the fungal hyphae suggest that the viability of stored seeds could be greatly diminished. It is therefore essential that seed be kept free of storage fungi to ensure that as many seedlings as possible can be used in the breeding programme.


Procedural fairness has undergone significant evolution from a moral limit on the exercise of power to a fundamental principle of the common law. The thesis explains and reconciles this evolution of procedural fairness in Australia in the context of judicial review of decisions made under the Migration Act 1958 (Cth). By historical analysis of the origins and development of the principles of procedural fairness, the thesis identifies values and concepts underlying those principles. The High Court's current conception of fairness, as protecting individual rights and interests in the exercise of power, evolved from the idea that there is a morally correct and just way to decide things. The thesis explains how by judicial development the implication of the obligation to observe procedural fairness in Australia, in the context of migration decisions, was shaped and informed, expressly and implicitly, by these values and concepts. The thesis explains the basis for the current restatement of procedural fairness as a fundamental principle of the common law, the relationship between procedural fairness and the principle of legality, and the positioning of procedural fairness as a principle or presumption of statutory construction. The thesis suggests that the explanation rests in legal coherence, in particular defining the obligation to observe procedural fairness in terms of an implied limit on the exercise of statutory power. The thesis also suggests that the dual presumptions created by recognising procedural fairness as a fundamental principle buttressed by the principle of legality, practically deny the exclusion of the principles in all but a limited number of cases.


The primary purpose of this paper is to describe analysis methods and specific results useful for the design of graphite/epoxy pressure hulls operating in the buckling dominated mid-depth arena of less than 5000 ft. The methods described include both classical shell theory and finite element numerical approaches. The classical approach is shown to be readily amenable to automatic optimisation of composite cylinder layup using programs written for PCs. While the finite element results are shown to be generally comparable with the shell theory solutions, some interesting discrepancies are noted. Hydrostatic testing to failure of cylinders fabricated from several diverse laminate types verified that the classical shell model not only correctly ranked the laminates, but also provided quite accurate predictions of failure pressures. A secondary objective of the reported research was to develop a reliable, yet inexpensive, means of fabricating small graphite/epoxy cylinders for test (and potentially operations) purposes. A novel elastomeric tooling method is reported here which proved quite effective and precise of form, and does not require use of an autoclave. Finally, the use of Southwell-type strain data analysis for predicting the buckling failure pressure of cylinders under hydrostatic compression was evaluated. This method proved quite accurate in the hydrostatic tests, even though only eight circumferential gages were used. The general applicability of Southwell analysis suggests that it might prove a useful means of monitoring composite hull status in real time. It is hoped that the straightforward and reliable analysis methods described herein will benefit other investigators pursuing the hull performance benefits possible with graphite/epoxy composites.


Introduction

Hydrolysis Reactions

Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Other Enzymes as Catalysts for Enantioselective Hydrolysis

Esterification and Transesterification Reactions

Lipase as Esterification and Transesterification Catalyst

Reductions

Baker's Yeast as a Catalyst for the Reduction

Other Enzymes as Catalysts for the Reduction

Oxidation Reactions

CC Bond Formation Reactions

Conclusion

Pheromone List

Bibliography

Keywords:

asymmetric synthesis;
bond formation;
chiral;
enantiomers;
esterifcation;
hydrolysis;
lipase;
oxidation;
pheromone;
transesterification


In this work, we study the performance of Reed–Solomon codes against adversarial insertion-deletion (insdel) errors. We prove that over fields of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^{O(k)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> there are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[n,k]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Reed-Solomon codes that can decode from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n-2k+1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> insdel errors and hence attain the half-Singleton bound. We also give a deterministic construction of such codes over much larger fields (of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n^{k^{O(k)}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Nevertheless, for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=O(\log n /\log \log n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> our construction runs in polynomial time. For the special case <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which received a lot of attention in the literature, we construct an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[n], [2]$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Reed-Solomon code over a field of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(n^{4})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that can decode from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n-3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> insdel errors. Earlier constructions required an exponential field size. Lastly, we prove that any such construction requires a field of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega (n^{3})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


The present invention relates to an exercise system for giving feedback to its user and a method of communication between the exercise system for different devices. The exercise system comprises a communication module for forming at least two (14) of a body area network coupled to the body and at least one exercise device (2), the exercise device comprises at least one sensor (6), feedback means (8) and the at least one of the two body-coupled communication device. The exercise system further comprises means for collecting and processing unit (4) user data from the at least one sensor (6), and outputs the processed data in the feedback means (8) via a body area network in order to give the user a feedback about his workout.


Gender studies have been an invigorating field of study under numerous lenses. Such explorations explore the inimitable distinctiveness and resemblance between the two genders. Correspondingly, this study focuses particularly on written communication of Pakistanis. Utilizing Searle's Taxonomy for Speech Acts (1969) and Wulandari (2014)'s Taxonomy for Speech Act Functions, this research investigates differences and similarities of language use among Males and Females on the online social platforms of Facebook and Twitter. Data comprises of a thousand utterances accounted from selected social mediums. Results reveal Pakistani Males tend to use Expressive Acts often within their language while updating their status messages on Facebook and Twitter; contrastingly, Pakistani Females prefer to employ the Directive and Assertive Acts frequently in their language used in Facebook and Twitter status updates. Furthermore, Pakistani Males utilize the medium for informing their potential audience about various topics. While, Pakistani Females make use of the status messages to achieve multiple purposes, including: informing, suggesting and asserting. Through application of ANOVA, study's results validate linguistic differences in language use of Pakistani Males and Females. It corroborates the fact that gender-based differences are part of the identity of a person and these are reflected through the medium of language elaborately.


Web Information Extraction (WIE) is the task of automatically extracting knowledge from Web content. On-demand WIE systems such as KNOWITNOW [1] and TEXTRUNNER [2] allow users to query the Web for a textual context that indicates a desired relation. For example, the context "$x invented $y" indicates the Invented(x, y) relation. The WIE system is tasked with responding in real-time with a list of argument tuples (e.g. <A.G. Bell, Telephone>) of the query relation, extracted from the Web.


The generation of monodispersed droplets in T-junction microchannels has wide range applications in biochemical analysis and material synthesis. While the generation of these monodispersed droplets was previously considered to be a balance between forces acting from continuous phase and interfacial force, it is shown here that the inertial force from the dispersed phase also plays an important role in determining the size of the generated droplets. A theoretical analysis for the size of monodisperse droplets generated in a microfluidic T-junction device is developed, and it is validated with a large set of experimental observations. The theoretical analysis accounts for the inertial forces from the dispersed phase along with the forces from the continuous phase and the interfacial forces to define the non-dimensional numbers that govern the droplet breakup in the T-junction microchannel.


There are two approaches in estimating variance components, i.e. linearity and integral approaches. However the estimates of variance components produced by both methods are known to be biased. Firth (1993) has introduced parameter estimation for correcting the bias of the maximum likelihood estimates. This method is within the class of linear models, especially the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method, and the resulting estimator is known as the Firth estimator. In this paper we discuss the bias correction method applied to a logistic linear mixed model in analyzing the existence of Synedra phytoplankton along Na Thap river in Thailand. The Firth adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is similar to REML but it shows the characteristic of generalized linear mixed model. We evaluated the Firth adjustment method by means of simulations and the result showed that the unadjusted MLE produced 95% confidence intervals which were narrower when compare to the Firth method. However, the probability coverage of the interval for unadjusted MLE was lower than 95%, whereas for the Firth method the probability coverage is approximately 95%. These results were also consistent with the variance estimation of the Synedra phytoplankton existence. It was shown that the variance estimates of Firth adjusted MLE was lower than the unadjusted MLE.


Objective:To research about related problem in application of trachea canula over emergency patients.Method:133 cases all suffer from respiratory temination.Result:102 cases show successful trachea intubalation in one time(77%),18% show success in two or more than two times,6 cases failure.Conclusion:Failure causes included:poor posture of patients,unsuitable technique,poor experience,abnomality of neck and pharyngea,larynx.


The development of embedded systems requires a number of tools and it is widely believed that integrating the tools into an automated tool chain can improve the productivity of development. However ...


This article moves us back in time to mid-sixteenth century England and reveals the antagonisms between promoters of the English Reformation and supporters of traditional Catholicism. Amanda Wrenn Allen highlights the change in rhetoric in writings about the Eucharist from being generally polite and theological to sliding into personal attacks, in which the two main combatants, Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Cranmer identified each other, rather than the devil, as the enemy. Earlier historians have noted the shift in rhetoric but dated the change to the late sixteenth century. Allen pinpoints the change more explicitly to the period 1546-1551. She argues that in 1546, when the earliest debates began, it was not clear whether the new king, Edward VI, would continue and deepen the Reformation in England or would retain some of the conservative theology and practices of the Church under Henry VIII. By 1551, England had clearly moved toward a Protestant position, Gardiner was in prison and he and Cranmer had become personal, as well as religious, enemies.


The present study was undertaken to study the crossability barriers in interspecific crosses of Vigna radiata × Vigna umbellata. The basic materials of this experiment comprising of five mungbean MYMV Susceptible genotypes and five rice bean MYMV resistant genotypes. Interspecific crosses were attempted by utilizing rice bean genotypes as male parents and mungbean genotypes as female parents. The successful pod set was observed on 12 crosses out of 25 interspecific crosses of Vigna radiata and Vigna umbellata. The results revealed that highest crossability per cent was recorded in the crosses Yellowmung × KBR-1 (17.30 %), DGGV-2× RBL-35 (16.0%), Selection-4×KBR-1 (11.80%), Chinamung × KBR-1 (11.0%) and BGS-9× RBL-35 (10.20%) which were considered as successful crosses. This suggests that the parents of these four interspecific cross combinations may be ideal for transfer of useful genes across the two divergent species and to broaden the genetic base of interspecific hybrid and further, the existence of moderate hybrid pollen fertility (78.24%) coupled with moderate seed germination percentage (36.84%), lower hybrid lethality (21.43%) and lower hybrid breakdown (7.14%) was observed in Chinamung × KBR-1 followed by cross Selection-4 ×KBR-1. In the present investigation prominent observation noticed are strong pre-fertilization as well as post fertilization barriers were present in the cross between V. radiata and V. umbellata, while, growth and lethality of interspecific hybrid seedlings were influenced by the genotypes of both the parental species.


Public Law 94-171 Summary File (PLSF) from 2010 Census containing Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino by Race (Ages 18 and up) data, relating to Census Block Groups.


The invention provides an information reminding method and device. The method comprises the steps of acquiring standby time of information reminding equipment, acquiring first duration between reminding time of information to be reminded and acquired time of the standby time, judging whether the standby time is smaller than or equal to the first duration, and reminding the information to be reminded in advance if the standby time is smaller than or equal to the first duration. The information reminding method solves the problem that memo events are not reminded due to the fact that a cellphone is out of power to be powered off in relative techniques, improves real time and effectiveness of information reminding, improves information reminding value and improves user experience.


This paper presents investigations on the manufacturing of three-dimensional functional metallic parts through melting and deposition of stainless steel 430L wire material by a metal inert gas welding technique. Experiments were performed on wire arc additive manufacturing following face centered composite design of experiments considering voltage, current, electrode wire material feed rate and welding speed as inputs for modeling single bead geometry in terms of bead width, height, and cross-sectional area. Response surface models were built using the collected experimental data. Performance of the models in predicting the responses was found satisfactory. Models of single bead geometry were employed to calculate void and post-processing in fabricating three-dimensional parts following raster scanning deposition of multiple layers considering the different degree of overlapping and build directions. The theoretically estimated values of void and post-processing were verified through fabrications of two three-dimensional shapes. It was shown that the void and post-processing could be controlled by suitable selection of process parameters, the degree of overlapping between two beads and build direction.


Automaton is a model of computation based on a theoretical machine and is composed of one or more states. The application of automata concepts to the game design has proved to be an efficient way of solving the problem. This paper proposes to use Turing machine in designing the tic-tac-toe game. Tic Tac Toe game is the most popular two-player board game of all time. Nowadays Tic Tac Toe game is available in the form of many mobile and pc applications. This game is being implemented by using Multi-tape Turing machine. A Multi-tape Turing machine is a variation of the Turing machine which has multiple tapes and results are experimented with using JFLAP.


The term "Deism" describes an unorthodox religious attitude expressed by a group of English writers beginning with Lord Herbert of Cherbury in the first half of the 17th century and ending with Viscount Bolingbroke, in the middle of the 18th century. It also refers to "natural religion" - the religious knowledge that is inborn in every person or that can be acquired by the use of reason, as opposed to knowledge acquired through revelation or the teachings of the Church. John Leland's "A View of the Principal Deistical Writers" was first published in 1754 and subsequently expanded twice. It is the fullest contemporary treatment of the literature of this important controversy. Leland gives very detailed reviews of the works of the leading Deists, and of the responses that these works provoked. At least one chapter is devoted to each of the following: Peter Annet, Charles Blount, Thomas Chubb, Anthony Collins, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Thomas Morgan, Shaftesbury, Mathew Tindal, John Toland and Thomas Woolston. Six chapters are about Hume's views on religion, and approximately half of the work deals with Bolingbroke.


Written for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners, Fundamentals of Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites provides a complete introduction to the science, engineering, and commercial applications of this new class of material. Starting with a discussion of general concepts, the authors define in detail the specific terms used in the field, providing newcomers with a strong foundation in the area. Then, the physical and mechanical properties of polymer–clay nanocomposites are described, with chapters on thermodynamics and kinetics, engineering properties, barrier properties, and flame retardancy. Mechanisms underpinning observed effects, such as UV resistance, solvent resistance, and hardness, are also explained. Throughout each chapter, experimental results are combined with theory, ensuring that the reader gains a full appreciation of the subject matter. In-depth discussions of clay and clay surface treatment, fabrication, and characterization of nanocomposites are provided, and particular emphasis is placed on the proper use and interpretation of analytical techniques, helping the reader to avoid artifacts in their own work. With commercial applications discussed throughout, this is an ideal reference for those working in polymer science.


The laser scanning confocal microscope is used to simulate the microstructural evolution of a coarse‐grained zone composed of hot‐rolled ship steel with yttrium under high‐energy input welding. The results demonstrate that Y2O3 near the austenite grain boundary can effectively block the overall migration of the austenite grain boundary during the application of the welding heating process. Additionally, the presence of Y2O3 in the austenite grain can promote the formation of new grain and subgrain boundaries, thereby refining the austenite grain. During the postweld cooling process, the undercooling degree is high under a lower heat input, and the phase variation occurs along the direction at a large angle to the proto‐austenite boundary. Thus, a large amount of acicular ferrite (AF) is formed perpendicular to the proto‐austenite boundary. Based on the first principle, Y2O3 can be used as the nucleation site for AF phase transformation to promote the formation of a fine interlocking structure. However, its impact is limited because the cooling rate significantly affects the microstructure evolution of the coarse‐grain zone of the weld during welding with a high heat input.


We investigate the performance of chirped duobinary transmission (CDBT) compared to conventional duobinary transmission. CDBT enlarges the dispersion limited transmission distance, increases the dispersion tolerance and overcomes the self-phase modulation (SPM) nonlinear duobinary limit by the combined influence of pre-chirp, chromatic dispersion and SPM.


tudes are being given as part of a nation-wide eight-year experiment ending in 19U in which tll~ thirty selected schools are attemptir,g to worli out a new high school curriculum more nearly adapted to life needs than the present one based on college entrance requirements. Upon the IDCCeII or failure of these scbools in curriculum revision in large part 'hangs the fate of the progressive education movement in America. In this effort developmeat of consistency in pupu.' IOCial attitadea and of their penonalil:)' in ~ ia being given ~ if not greater, fm.. porlance than acq1lisition of factual knowledge.