This volume is a record of the Polarized Collider Workshop which was held at Penn State University, University Park Campus, November 15--November 17, 1990. It contains versions of the plenary and workshop talks given at the workshop as well as several additional contributed papers an summaries of two roundtable discussions. The Polarized Collider Workshop was motivated by the fact that recent progress in the field of accelerator design has made the prospects for studying physics with collisions of polarized protons in a collider setting technical feasible. It was this very real possibility which was one of the main focuses of the workshop. The next generation of high-energy hadron colliders, SSC, LHC, and RHIC will all be scientific projects of immense scope for which much theoretical, experimental, and technological groundwork must be laid. The purpose of the meeting, then, was to bring together interested people in the various necessary fields, theoreticians, experimentalists, and machine/accelerator physicists to discuss the physics case that could be made for polarization options at such machines and their technical feasibility. Sessions devoted to the theoretical understanding of the EMC experiment and to resolving any remaining technical disagreements in its interpretation were a large part of the program.more » Such discussions form a necessary background to assess the current views on the spin structure of the proton. Presentations of future prospects for polarized lepton-nucleon scattering experiments and technical discussions of polarization techniques for hadron accelerators also formed an integral part of the workshop agends. But the majority of the talks dealt with the physics prospects available at a polarized collider. We reproduce here the talks given in both the plenary and parallel/workshop sessions of the meeting.« less


Through the investigation of the packaging mode of the middle cigarette pack, it is found that at present, the middle cigarette pack mainly has two packaging modes: "25 flat" and "10 vertical". This chapter mainly analyzes and discusses the flexible adaptability between the host and aux-姚家枭 机械工程与技术 iliary machines, through the design of climbing and descending conveying channel, the distribu-tion design of conveyor belt power system, the research and design of flexible fast switching lane splitter and the research and design of dynamic vehicle speed self-regulation system, it breaks through the flexible switching technology of "25 flat packs" and "10 vertical packs" cigarette production lines, and realizes the adaptive production application of FOCKE series host and GD series auxiliary machines for the first time.


The compatibility of antagonists of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Nigrospora spharica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason, Gliocladium roseum Bainier and Aspergillus sp.) in mango, with different   fungicides was tested through poisoned food technique. Two systemic fungicides viz., carbendazim (0.1% -1 g/L), hexaconazole (0.05% -1/2 ml/L) and a non-systemic fungicide viz., Sulphur (0.2% - 2g /L) were evaluated for their compatibility with potential antagonists. The antagonist Nigrospora sphaerica (95.56%) and Aspergillus sp. (91.11%) were most compatible with sulphur whereas Gliocladium roseum, was more compatible with Hexaconazol (73.11%). The results of present study are quite encouraging for the eco-friendly management of the mango anthracnose.


Objective To understand the actual effect of holistic nursing. Methods 100 case histories from January 1999 to December 2001 were selected randomly to analyze and compare materials related to nursing quality. Results 7 items of nursing quality analysis have been analyzed by means of X2 test, with the value of 14. 46, 14. 22, 30. 61, 32. 32, 35. 29, 28. 57 and 13. 32 F0. 01). Conclusion It is clear that performance of holistic nursing ensures the nursing quality so as to efficiently promote the nursing at the operation room.


Techniques for locating wireless devices involve a wireless device making measurements of signals transmitted by geographically distributed base stations within a wireless network. If some key site information is known about these transmitters, such as the transmitter location, transmit signal power, signal propagation, and transmit signal timing, measurements of these transmit signals by a device to be located can be used to determine the position of the device. In this example, all information exchange between the device and the location node is facilitated by a data link that is not provided by the wireless network providing signals used in the location estimation process. Accordingly, devices may be located based on downlink signal measurements made by the devices, where the devices are not part of the wireless network, are not provided wireless service by the network, and do not possess the ability to transmit signals to the wireless network, and where communication resources of the wireless network are not consumed to facilitate location.


The average electrophoretic mobility (E.M.) of wood fiber fines has been shown to play a role in many of the colloidal interactions involved in papermaking. Limited literature data suggest the E.M. distribution in a papermaking furnish is also very important and that attempts to correlate observed phenomena with a single (average) value may not be adequate. Wood pulp processing operations, such as pulping, bleaching, and refining, are known to modify the chemical nature of wood fibers and fiber fines. These chemical changes would be expected to affect the electrokinetic properties of the pulp. An understanding of how electrokinetic properties are influenced by fiber processing operations would be useful for predicting and controlling wet-end chemistry on the papermachine. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of various processing operations on the E.M. distribution of fiber fines. The variables studied included pulping method, pulp yield, chemical bleaching, and degree of refining. The chemical changes occurring in the long fibers and fiber fines during these operations were measured independently and correlated with electrokinetic properties. The results indicate that a relationship exists between the weak acid content of the fines and their average E.M. Fiber modification processes that increase the weak acid content of the pulp (i.e., bleaching with hydrogen peroxide) produce fines with a more negative E.M. Processes that reduce the weak acid content (i.e., decreasing kraft pulp yield and bleaching of kraft pulp using a CEDED bleaching sequence) produce fines with a less negative E.M. Increasing the level of refining did not appreciably affect the weak acid content, and also had little effect on the average E.M. The width of the E.M. distribution was not significantly affected by pulp yield, bleaching, or refining.


Planetary nebulae (PNe) represent the late stages of low-mass stellar evolution. The formation of the myriad of PNe morphologies involves processes that are present in many other astrophysical systems such as the wind-blown bubbles of massive stars. In this dissertation we present the results of an X-ray study of PNe, and two modeling projects that incorporate the resulting data with the goal of furthering our understanding of their X-ray properties and morphologies, and the 3D multiwavelength structure of PNe. This work expands the Chandra Planetary Nebula Survey (ChanPlaNS), which was designed to investigate X-ray emission from PNe, from 35 to 59 objects. The results from Cycle 14 Chandra observations of 24 PNe brought the overall ChanPlaNS diffuse X-ray detection rate to ∼ 27% and the point source detection rate to ∼ 36%. The detection of diffuse X-ray emission is unmistakably associated with young (. 5×103 yr), compact (Rneb . 0.15 pc) PNe that exhibit closed elliptical structures and high electron densities (ne & 103 cm−3). Utilizing the ChanPlaNS data for 14 PNe that exhibit diffuse X-ray emission, we constructed simple, spherically symmetric two-phase models using the astrophysical modeling tool, SHAPE. Our models consisted of a hot bubble and swept-up shell with the intent of investigating the Xray morphology of these objects and the extinction caused by the swept-up shell. We compared simulated and observed radial profiles and we conclude that while most (∼ 79%) PNe are best described by a limb-darkened X-ray morphology, this is due to nebular extinction of an intrinsically limb-brightened hot bubble structure. Expanding upon our two-phase model, we used SHAPE to generate a 3D model of the brightest diffuse X-ray PN, BD+30◦3639, with the model constrained by previously published multiwavelength data extending from the radio to the X-ray regimes. Our aim was to investigate the multiwavelength 3D morphology of this well-studied nebula and draw connections with other PNe. We interpreted kinematic and observational data to best fit our model with observations and found that the inherent structure shares similarities with several other PNe, suggesting a common evolutionary path.


In this paper, a simple energy-efficient physical layer modulation scheme termed as random number modulation (RNM) is proposed. It is a class of new systems that harness the randomness of pseudo random number generators (RNGs) for efficient communication, and adds a new degree of freedom to digital communication systems. It is also highly adaptable to high-rate, low-latency, and low-rate, high-energy efficiency scenarios. This paper includes a detailed system model, preliminary performance analysis, and extended discussions. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of symbol and block error probabilities, energy efficiency, and latency. It is shown that there is a fundamental tradeoff between the energy efficiency and the latency of the proposed system, and they can be easily software programmable allowing devices to adapt to different circumstances and environments rapidly. Based upon the basic system model herein, it is anticipated that more sophisticated RNM systems can be developed.


Objective: The detention have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents in detention; the purpose of our study is to assess the post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD in a incarcerated adolescents in school at the level of the centre of reform and discipline of the prefecture of Sale in Morocco, to evaluate comorbid disorders and thus to study the effect of PTSD on their social and school life. Method and measures: Regarding to 52 adolescents, incarcerated male in school who have complemented the objectives of the study, their age varies between 13 and 17 years old and they supplemented by themselves successively questionnaires concerning sociodemographic data, a list of life events score, the CPTS-RI (Children Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Index) to assess the symptoms of PTSD, the STAIY (State Trait anxiety Inventory) and CDI (Children Depression Inventory). Results: A high proportion of post-traumatic stress disorder was found among students with 78.85% but with different levels (23.08% PTSD low, 28.85% PTSD moderate and 26.92% PTSD severe). 84.62% of students are anxious and 82.7% of students experience depression. In the event the main traumatic condition that caused the post-traumatic stress disorder was detention with 44.2% followed by a road accident with 15.4%. PTSD, anxiety and depression have a negative effect on students' school life; therefore, 90.4% of students have poor grades. Conclusion: Given this specific category of students who are in detention and who are in deficit serious school, we have this high rate of post-traumatic stress disorder. There are the practical implications for the support and care for these adolescents.


The article is devoted to importance of higher education in population migrating and rooting processes in territories. The problem of keeping young people in the Far East, which is depressed in the context of migration is discussed. The author bases on the results of sociological survey conducted in the high schools of the Far East of Russia. She focuses on the historical aspect of the Far East high school complex and its role in development of the region. Describes the features of functioning complex in the assessment of main subjects of higher education students. Reveals the relationship between their motivation to study and professional opportunities in the Far East. Changes of the higher education system can result in destruction of the regional high school complex. Therefore, the necessarily of it´s saving is justified in order to prevent immigration from the Far East.


Application of modern methods of computer analysis enable us to solve problems of viscous compressible flows making use of the NavierStokes equations. The problems to be studied in the present paper are those of a sharp edged airfoil and a body of revolution flown-past by viscous, heat conducting gas, the complete Navier-Stokes equations being used. The case of a boundary layer and an oblique shock wave formed simultaneously in the same region of the flow will be considered, thus enabling us to determine the influence of dissipative properties of the gas on course of those phenomena. The problem has been solved by the method of decomposition of the set of equations and fractional steps as well as an iterative procedure with respect to time. This set of equations was approximated by an implicit double-layer difference scheme of the CranckNicholson type. The method of decomposition, which was used, enabled us to devise the method of numerical analysis, based on an implicit difference scheme in the form of an algorithm with alternating directions and separation of physical processes.


Introduction: Osteochondral injuries involving the ankle joint are unusual (incidence of 0.09% according to Berndt and Harty), third in frequency after knee and elbow location. They are described as a cause of chronic pain after ankle sprains in the active population (thought to occur in 2-6% of sprains). MRI is the gold standard diagnostic method. Therapeutic strategies include both conservative and surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus treated in our department between January 2007 and December 2012. Sixty per cent were male with an average age of 42 years. Eleven patients were treated conservatively, one of them had clear surgical indication (LOC G III, as classified by Ferkel and Sgaglione) but refused to perform the procedure. Nine patients underwent arthroscopic surgery (debridement and microfracture), one of the procedures was a review of an arthroscopy performed in another service. No open surgery was performed. Clinical and functional evaluation was performed using the AOFAS score, Freiburg and VAS Score System. Results: Non-surgical treatment group had a pretreatment average AOFAS score of 58, which improved to 74.8 points; a Freiburg Score System that ranged from 65 to 79.3 points and a VAS average of 5,4. AOFAS surgical treatment group improved from 54.3 to 84.8 points, Freiburg Score System ranged from 60.6 to 81.4 points and VAS average was of 5,8. Discussion: It is difficult to compare our results with other series of patients, because we made a comparison between conservative versus artrhoscopic treatment, while other authors show results obtained when performing certain surgical technique Although surgical treatment has better results, we agree with the literature that conservative treatment presents acceptable results and should always be considered as the first option.


A robust adaptive radial basis function neural network(RBFNN) control scheme based on back stepping approach was presented for a class of systems with non-affine input,modeling uncertainties and external disturbances.RBFNNs were employed to approximate the unknown parts of the virtual control and practical controls.The robust term was designed to compensate for approximation error.The adaptive laws were designed for the bound of parameters of RBFNN,so the number of online adaptive parameters was reduced.The output of system could track arbitrary reference signal and the tracking errors were guaranteed to uniformly asymptotically converge to zero.Simulation result illustrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control technique.


We theoretically investigate the indirect signatures of the tilted anisotropic Dirac cones on Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange interaction in a two dimensional polymorph of boron atoms. Unlike the case of isotropic non-tilted Dirac material-graphene, here we observe that the tilting of the Dirac cones exhibits a significant impact on the RKKY exchange interaction in terms of the suppression of oscillation frequency. The reason can be attributed to the behavior of the Fermi level and the corresponding density of states with respect to the tilting parameter. The direct measurement of the period of the RKKY interaction can thus be a possible probe of the tilt parameter associated with the tilted Dirac cones. We also obtain the direction dependent analytical expressions of the RKKY exchange interaction, in terms of Meijer G-function. However, the effects due to tilting of the Dirac cones on the RKKY interaction depend on the spatial alignments of the two magnetic impurities with respect to the direction of tilting.


Quasivelocity techniques such as Maggi's and Boltzmann-Hamel's equations eliminate Lagrange multipliers from the beginning as opposed to the Euler-Lagrange method where one has to solve for the n configuration variables and the multipliers as functions of time when there are m nonholonomic constraints. Maggi's equation produces n second-order differential equations of which (n-m) are derived using (n-m) independent quasivelocities and the time derivative of the m kinematic constraints which add the remaining m second order differential equations. This technique is applied to derive the dynamics of a differential mobile robot and a controller which takes into account these dynamics is developed.


We study boundary and finite-size effects in the Abelian sandpile model due to Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld. In the case of half-plane geometry, the probability P 1 (r) of a unit height at the boundary, and at a distance r inside the sample is found for open and closed boundary conditions. The leading asymptotic form of the correlation functions for the unit heights, P 11 (r), in the strip and half-plane geometries is obtained for different boundary conditions too. Our results confirm the hypothesis that the unit height behaves like the local energy operator in the zero-component limit of the Potts model


Originally published in English in 1950, A Solovyov Anthology, prepared by S.L. Frank, has already been reprinted three times, a fact that demonstrates a continuing interest in its content. This paper undertakes a textual analysis of the pieces contained in the Anthology in comparison with the original (second) edition of Solovyov's works. This paper also makes use of archival material and Frank's correspondence in connection with the preparation of the Anthology, and an overview of comments in the press upon its publication is also given. This paper also presents biographical information, which reveals the editorial process behind the Anthology, and an analysis of Frank's choice of texts. The authors argue that Frank presented Solovyov, above all, as a religious thinker, and not as a theoretical philosopher. This viewpoint, on the one hand, is connected with Frank's previous editorial work on An Anthology of Russian Religious Thinkers, and, on the other hand, can be explained by Frank's own attitude toward Solovyov in the final period of his creativity. The authors also provide a critical survey of the main reactions and reviews that appeared in the English press upon the book's appearance within the context of the influence of the book's direction on the evaluation of Solovyov's personality and creativity, particularly his Christian universalism.


The book (Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor, 3 rd Edition, by Yannis Tsividis and Colin McAndrew, Oxford University Press, 2011) discusses proximity effects (well proximity and stress effects) in Chap. 9. The models of these effects are highly empirical and are constantly changing, so no specific model forms were provided (see p. 581, Chap. 9); some details of presently used proximity effect models are provided here.


A new optical profiler for surface roughness measurement developed by the authors is described in this paper. Based on an analyses of phase shifting error in phase shifting interferiietry a new algorithm for eliminating the effect of the error is presented. The experiments show that the development of this instrument is successful and it has a vertical resolution of 1 nni lateral resolution of 0. 42 Itm and a repeatability of Ra 0. 6 nni.


Pre-analytical variables account for most laboratory errors and many factors affect the results from a patient. Type of tubes facilitated rapid separation and prevented hemolysis upon prolonged storage. However, there were some limitations associated with vacutainer conditions. To circumvent the problems, the comparability of complete blood cell count values was examined using various vacutainers. The results of the analysis showed a large coefficient variation of 0.24, 0.21 in the value of white blood cells and platelets, and significant correlation was observed between white blood cells, platelets, and the value of red blood cells (p < 0.01). In each of the three tubes, compared to the value of platelets, white blood cells, the greatest coefficient variation was 0.27, 0.21. In correlation of the three companies, significant difference was observed in values of white blood cells, platelets, and platelet distribution width (p < 0.01), however G and B, the value of platelets, and platelet distribution width were significantly lower (p < 0.05). In conclusion, analysis of vacutainers showed that they were suitable for stability of these analytes under vacutainer conditions.


Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) promotes axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and this effect is enhanced by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). We decided, therefore, to study the effects of these factors on axonal regeneration in the adult rat spinal cord. Semipermeable polymer tubes, closed at the distal end, containing Matrigel mixed with cultured rat Schwann cells and IGF‐I/PDGF, were placed at the proximal stump of the spinal cord after removal of the thoracic T9‐11 segments. Control animals received implants of only Matrigel and Schwann cells or only Matrigel and IGF‐I/PDGF. Four weeks after implantation, electron microscopic analysis showed that the addition of IGF‐I/PDGF resulted in an increase in the myelinated:unmyelinated fiber ratio from 1:7 to 1:3 at 3 mm in the Schwann cell graft, and that myelin sheath thickness was increased 2‐fold. The reduced number of unmyelinated axons was striking in electron micrographs. These results suggested that IGF‐I/PDGF enhanced myelin formation of regenerated axons in Schwann cell implants, but there was a 36% decrease in the total number of myelinated axons at the 3 mm level of the graft. This finding and the altered myelinated:unmyelinated fiber ratio revealed that the overall fiber regeneration into Schwann cell implants was diminished up to 63% by IGF‐I/PDGF. Histological evaluation revealed that there were more larger cavities in tissue at the proximal spinal cord‐graft interface in animals receiving a Schwann cell implant with IGF‐I/PDGF. Such cavitation might have contributed to the reduction in axonal ingrowth. In sum, the results indicate that whereas the combination of IGF‐I and PDGF enhances myelination of regenerating spinal cord axons entering implants of Matrigel and Schwann cells after midthoracic transection, the overall regeneration of axons into such Schwann cell grafts is diminished. GLIA 19:247–258, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction: Suicide among the adolescent has witness a rapid increase over the past few decades. The major health problems in an adolescent are self-harm and suicide. The present study examined the attitude towards suicide and risk factor of suicide among adolescent demographic variables.Methods: Descriptive survey design was employed among 201 (M = 125, F = 76) students in age group of 15-18 years of class X and XII of selected Senior Secondary Schools of East Sikkim. The sample was selected through lottery method. The tools used were demographic proforma, attitude towards suicide questionnaire (standards questionnaire) which was divided into six domain (1) Permissiveness -people have the right to take their own life and acceptance of suicide in the situation of incurable disease; (2) Preventability -suicide can and must be prevented; (3) Incomprehensibility-suicide cannot be justified or understood; (4) Avoidance of talking -talking about suicide trigger suicidal thoughts which stay with a person forever; (5) Unpredictability-suicide happens without any warning and people who talk about suicide do not usually commit it; (6) loneliness & appeal-loneliness is the reason for suicide and an attempt of suicide is mostly a cry for help and structured questionnaire on assessment of risk factors of suicide.Result: The findings of the study revealed that majority 63 (50.4%) of male while 37 (48.7%) female participate had a permissive attitude towards suicide. Majority 79 (63.2%) of male and 64 (84.25%) female participants had preventable attitude towards suicide. Most of the male participate 94 (75.2%) and 57 (75%) female participates had an incomprehensible attitude and majority of male 61 (48.8%) and 36 (47.4%) female participant had given an undecided response on whether they should talk about suicide or not. The study also revealed that 85 (68%) male and 49 (64.5%) female participants feels that suicide is unpredictable and 63 (40.4%) male and 37 (48.7%) female participants agreed that loneliness is the reason for suicide and an attempt of suicide is mostly a cry for help. The risk factors included individual, familial, social, peer relationship and academic factors. It was found that there was significant associate between individual factors, social factors, peer relationship and type of family.Discussion and Conclusion: The result was therefore clear that we should work towards changing the attitude towards suicide. Considering the result further research should address to build positive attitude for prevention of suicidal behaviour. The intervention of preventive program has become an emergency to overcome the issue of suicide among adolescent in Sikkim.


It a model of mechanical properties of sucker while it bears the overturning load or reverse load was established,By analyzing the force of sucker at the time of the sucker bears overturning load or reverse load,it obtained the overturning factor and reverse factor,then the models and the Impact Factors were tested and verified though corresponding experimental,Thereby Providing the basis and design of reference for the design of Adsorption of wall-climbing robot.


When depicting the scope of administrative punishment power concentration,' relative ' is used.How to interpret ' relative''? To clearly define whether a type of administrative punishment power can be concentrated or not,not only the scope but also the adjustment and distribution system should be further perfect.At present,the adjustment and distribution has been done throughout the country and relevant power in the fields of urban management,culture,etc.has been concentrated in separate models.The above scope and system,basically meeting the practical needs,are contributive to improve administrative enforcement quality and level and to strengthen administrative system restructuring.Meanwhile,there are still some problems in the system.


The proceedings of 3rd Asian Food Study Conference collected 78 articles by authors from16 countries. They involve five categories including theories and bibliography on food studies; food safety and health; food history and inheritance; world foods and exchanges,as well as food heritage and tourism. According to introductions and comments,they show four features that are diversity of food information,universal idea of food health,research reviews with criticism,and multi-angle of methodology.


International Negotiation: Actors, Structure/Process, Values, Peter Berton, Hiroshi Kimura, I. William Zartman, eds. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999). 371 pp., cloth (ISBN: 0-31-21778-1), $55.00.

Chinese Negotiating Behavior: Pursuing Interests through "Old Friends," Richard H. Solomon (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute for Peace Press, 1999). 204 pp. paper (ISBN: 1-878379-86-0), $14.95.

Negotiating on the Edge: North Korean Negotiating Behavior, Scott Snyder (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute for Peace Press. 1999). 213 pp.. paper (ISBN: 1-878379-94-1), $17.50; cloth (ISBN: 1-878379-95-X), $37.50.

Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments, Francisco Aldecoa, Michael Keating, eds. (London: Frank Cass. 1999). 223 pp., paper (ISBN: 0-7146-8018-4). $14.85; cloth (ISBN: 0-7146-4971-6), $52.50.

Books reviewed in this article:

Peter Berton, Hiroshi Kimura, and I. William Zartman, (eds.) International Negotiation: Actors, Structure/Process, Values

Richard H. Solomon, Chinese Negotiating Behavior: Pursuing Interests through "Old Friends,"

Scott Snyder, Negotiating on the Edge: North Korean Negotiating Behavior

Francisco Aldecoa and Michael Keating, (eds.) Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments


Background and Objectives: Many researchers believe that behavioral disorder which a common and disabling disorder for families is the environment and children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between children behavioral disorders with parenting styles and attachment styles. Material and Methods: The study was correlational. The study population included all girls and boys students with behavioral problems in third to fith grades of primary school in Tehran, regions 1 and 2 to the number 47137 in the 2015-16 school year. Using cluster sampling, 252 samples were selected. The data was completed by the mothers of the students. Pearson correlation coeffiient and regression analysis were used. Results: Results showed behavioral disorders signifiant positive correlation with the authoritarian parenting style (P<0.01) and permissive parenting style (P<0.01). Authoritative parenting style was not signifiantly correlated with behavioral disorders. As well as behavioral disorders have a negative correlation with secure attachment style (P<0.05) and ambivalent attachment style/ anxiety (P<0.01). The predictive role of attachment styles and parenting styles on behavioral disorders suggests that this model explained 12 percent of variance. Attachment styles and parenting styles were signifiant predictors (P<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that there is a correlation between behavioral disorders and authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, but there was not a correlation between authoritative parenting style and behavioral disorders. The results of this study can help child psychologists to further understand the role of parenting style and parental involvement and appropriate intervention, taking into account the children's behavioral disorders.


1Patient safety is interwoven inextricably with quality of care, a concept that has been emphasized recently by health care professionals, researchers, and payers as a means to assess health outcomes. While patient safety and delivery of quality care are critical in the practice of medicine, work efficiency also is a legitimate concern of physicians, 2 especially in today's practice climate, which rewards productivity. The practice of dermatology requires the performance of a high volume of biopsies and cultures. Therefore, accurate labeling of biopsy and culture specimens representsaparticularlyimportantcomponentofpatientsafetyandqualityofcare. A previous analysis of specimen labeling errors at one institution's clinical laboratory found that the most common errors included specimen and requisition mismatching,absenceofspecimenlabels,andmislabelingofspecimens. 3 Becausesupplies for specimen collection and labeling used by consultative services tend to be decentralized in the hospital setting, we suspect that the potential for labeling error is greater in hospital dermatology than in outpatient dermatology. Decentralization of supplies also can contribute to work inefficiency. At our institution,biopsysupplieswerepreviouslykeptinaportable(albeitcumbersome)box in the hospital dermatology work room, while acceptable specimen labels were obtained from the nursing station. Hand-carrying specimen requisition forms, biopsy supplies, and labeled specimen jars could be logistically challenging at times, particularlywhenbiopsiesweretobeperformedonmultiplepatientsoranatomicalsites. To reduce the potential for specimen identification errors and to improve work efficiency in our hospital dermatology inpatient and consultation practice, we developed a cart with the following features: Computer On Wheels, with Availability ofBiopsysupplies,Utensilsforpotassiumhydroxidepreparationandcutaneousculture,computerizedNotes,andotherGeneralApplications(COWABUNGA)(Figure). AnadditionalfeatureoftheCOWABUNGAcartistheattachedliquidhandsanitizer holder, which facilitates hand hygiene. Designed to accompany the dermatology hospitalteamonrounds,theCOWABUNGAcartalsoallowsefficientbedsidespecimen acquisition and labeling as well as performance of adjunctive diagnostic tests (eg,potassiumhydroxidepreparation).Theavailabilityofaninternet-connectedcomputerpermitsreviewofelectronicmedical records, entry of electronic orders, immediate postprocedural electronic documentation, and literature searches at the bedside. The COWABUNGA cart improves work efficiency, facilitates point-of-care evidence-based medicine queries, and offers the potential to reduce the risk of erroneous specimen labeling, thereby improving patient safety and quality of care.


Thirty years ago coronary care units (CCUs) were developed to care for patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction [1-3]. The number of patients admitted to CCUs has increased substantially, but now more than 70% of patients admitted to the CCU for chest pain do not have acute myocardial infarction [4-13]. In fact, acute myocardial infarction is ruled out in at least 1.5 million patients admitted to U.S. hospitals each year [4, 5]. The rapidly increasing costs of acute cardiac care, the growing suspicion that unnecessary CCU care may harm patients [14-16], and the pressing need to reduce unnecessary medical care led investigators to design practice guidelines to decrease inappropriate use of the CCU. Practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about health care for specific clinical circumstances [17]. During the past decade, many published studies described the potential benefits of applying guidelines and decision aids to patient care [4-13, 18-24]. Millions of dollars have been spent on the development of practice guidelines on national and local levels [25, 26]. Despite these efforts, however, the effect of the use of guidelines on clinical practice and patient care remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the benefits, risks, and costs of implementing a practice guideline promoting a 2-day hospital stay for patients with chest pain who were considered to be at low risk for complications and in whom the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was dismissed. The study differs from our previous studies because it examines the acceptance of an early-discharge practice guideline by private practitioners rather than by physicians employed by a health maintenance organization, and it examines the effects of early discharge on hospital costs, patient outcome, and patient satisfaction [22, 23, 27-29]. We hypothesized that feedback of guideline recommendations would substantially reduce the cost of acute hospital care without compromising quality of care. Moreover, we theorized that these benefits could be achieved through voluntary use of the guideline by physicians in private practice. Methods Setting We did the study at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, a teaching community hospital that serves West Los Angeles; it has an 18-bed CCU and a 32-bed intermediate care unit. Although a CCU director, cardiology faculty members, cardiology fellows, residents, interns, and medical students care for patients admitted to the CCU, most final hospital discharge decisions are made by private practitioners. Patients Men and women older than 30 years who were admitted to the CCU or intermediate care unit with chest pain between 1 September 1991 and 31 August 1992 were eligible for the study. Utilization review coordinators trained to interpret the guideline identified study patients. An earlier version of the guideline was developed by others [20, 21]. We modified the guideline through the consensus of local experts and validated the guideline in several of our previous studies [22, 23, 27-29]. Patients who satisfied any single criterion from the following criteria within 24 hours after hospital admission were not eligible for enrollment in the study: 1) acute myocardial infarction, 2) recurrent chest pain, 3) previous cardiac intervention, 4) a planned cardiac intervention, 5) a previous significant complication, 6) an ongoing intervention, and 7) an unstable comorbid condition. Absence of all seven criteria during the hospital stay defined low risk. The Intervention We evaluated the effects of providing to physicians a practice guideline that recommends consideration of early hospital discharge for patients with chest pain who are considered to be at low risk for complications. The study had an alternate-month time series design. During intervention periods, physicians received a structured message posted on patients' charts the day after admission that conveyed risk information and the guideline recommendation (Table 5). Physicians caring for patients at low risk who remained in the hospital more than 24 hours after admission were contacted by a utilization management physician via telephone. A structured interaction message was used to deliver the risk information and guideline recommendation (Appendix Table 1). During control periods, no physician contact was made. A 3-day washout period corresponding to the last 3 calendar days of each month was maintained to minimize contamination of control patients. There were 12 study periods (6 control and 6 intervention). Appendix Table 1. Physician-to-Physician Interaction and Written Physician Reminder To Communicate Practice Guideline Recommendations All patients who were admitted to the CCU or intermediate care unit with chest pain during the study period were reviewed concurrently by utilization review coordinators (n = 1531) (Table 1). Retrospectively, research nurse reviewers (who were not blinded to the original judgments of the utilization review coordinators) determined the correct risk classification according to the guideline based on complete information available in the medical record. The consensus of the two research nurses served as the gold standard for risk determination. Table 1. Effectiveness of Utilization Review Coordinators in Concurrently Identifying Patients with Chest Pain Who Were Considered To Be at Low Risk The utilization review coordinator classifications were correct for 88% of patients (Table 1). Of the 13% of patients who were misclassified, 9% of patients were truly not at low risk for complications according to the guideline, yet the utilization review coordinators classified them as being at low risk (yielding false-positive results). Another 4% of patients were at low risk for complications yet they were not concurrently identified by the utilization review coordinators as being at low risk, and thus the intervention was not done (yielding false-negative results). Analyses were done and included all 375 patients with chest pain who were considered to be at low risk and who were admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center during the study period (including patients with true-positive and false-negative results). Information regarding severity of illness was collected at the time of admission. A time-insensitive predictive instrument served as the study's severity-of-illness measure [5, 30]. Charlson and associates' comorbidity index was used to quantify the number and severity of patients' comorbid diseases [31]. Patients were categorized as having either acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, noncardiac chest pain, or unknown diagnoses. Acute myocardial infarction was defined as at least one creatine kinase MB enzyme determination of 3.5% or more. The primary physician was the physician of record; this was usually the physician who cared for the patient before admission. One hundred fifty-five physicians served as the primary physician for the 375 study patients. Frequently, a combination of physicians was involved with the care of individual patients; combinations usually included at least one primary physician (frequently with a covering partner) and often a consulting cardiologist (often with a covering partner for weekends). There were 280 physician combinations caring for the 375 study patients. Because patients were cared for by many physician combinations, individual physicians could not be used as the unit of analysis [32, 33]. Outcomes Patient instability at discharge was determined for patients admitted to the hospital during control and intervention months using the RAND instability-on-discharge measure [34]. Patients or patients' families were surveyed 1 month after discharge regarding patient survival, hospital readmission, and other problems that might have occurred after hospital discharge. If confirmation of survival could not be obtained from the patient, Equifax (McLean, Virginia), a large computerized database service, was queried to confirm patient survival or death. Patients were also surveyed about their health perceptions using a summary item from the Medical Outcomes Study short form [35]. In addition, patients were asked to rate the quality of information they received from their physicians at discharge [36]. All cost and charge data were obtained from the hospital's financial database. Charges were based on actual prices charged for services rendered during the hospital stay. Charges were aggregated into routine charges (for example, room rates) and ancillary charges (for example, the price for two acetaminophen tablets). Total costs, which reflected the cost to the hospital for providing a service or good, included indirect and direct costs and were calculated after patient discharge from the hospital [37]. Statistical Analysis Means are reported SD unless otherwise noted. The primary end points for comparison were total length of hospital stay, total hospital costs, and 1-month complication rates. End points were tested using a type I error of 0.05. Statistical analyses were done using the software packages GB-Stat [38], True Epistat [39], SAS [40], or BMDP [41]. One-month complication rates were chosen to avoid framing issues created by earlier hospital discharge. Complications were compared using a chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Confidence intervals around zero numerators were calculated using the method described by Hanley and Lippman-Hand [42]. Continuous data for the study groups were compared using the Student t-test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or both when the data were notably distributed in a non-normal pattern. An adjusted analysis comparing the two study groups with respect to total costs and length of stay was done using a stepwise regression procedure. An initial model was based on patient entry characteristics (patient age, sex, admission source, preadmission residence, initial disposition, comorbidity


This paper presents the instantaneous frequency, the most important techniques in instantaneous frequency determination for nonstationary signals and some representatives' simulations. dis


This study is aimed at objectively clarifying the impact of Line Dance club members` participation on behaviors to improve health and psychological happiness, targeting 285 middle-aged women. Most of these women are members of clubs operated by instructors teaching Line Dance at Korea Line Dance Association. The factor analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze collected data using the Windows SPSS 15.0 Version. The following conclusion was produced through above-mentioned methods and procedures. First, the analysis of effects of Line Dance club members` participation on behaviors to improve health showed that their participation career affected their responsibility for health, their nutrition and their interpersonal relations and their participation frequency affected their self-realization and their inter-personal relations. Second, the analysis of effects of Line Dance club members` participation on their psychological happiness showed that their participation frequency affected their commitment and pleasure and their participation time affected their commitment only. Third, the analysis of correlation between Line Dance club members` behaviors to improve health and their psychological happiness showed that there was static correlation between them. Fourth, the analysis of effects of Line Dance club members` behaviors to improve their health showed that their behaviors had significant effects on their sense of confidence, commitment, pleasure and self-realization.


The thermal stability performance of the fully Cu/Ge metalized GaAs pHEMT and pHEMT with Cu/Ge ohmic contacts and Ti/Mo/Cu based T-gate were investigated. The CuGe compound was formed by the atomic hydrogen treatment of Cu/Ge/GaAs two layer system. It was found that such processing in the atomic hydrogen flow with density of 1015 at. cm2 s−1 at room temperature for 5 min leads to the solid state interdiffusion of Cu and Ge thin films and polycrystalline CuGe compound formation with the vertically oriented grains. The fully Cu/Ge metalized pHEMT with 170 nm T-gate had a saturation drain current of I<inf>dss</inf> = 660 mA/mm, off-state gate-drain breakdown voltage of BV<inf>gd</inf> = 7 V and a transconductance peak S<inf>m</inf> = 380 mS/mm at F<inf>ds</inf>= 3 V. The maximum stable gain of the fully Cu/Ge based pHEMT was about 17.5 dB at the frequency of 10 GHz and the current gain cut-off frequency was about 80 GHz at U<inf>ds</inf> = 3 V and I<inf>ds</inf> = 1/4I<inf>dss</inf>. The transistor with Cu/Ge ohmic contacts and Ti/Mo/Cu based 170 nm T-gate had worse DC and RF parameters. The thermal stability test of both GaAs pHEMTs was performed in a nitrogen environment at the temperature of T = 250 °C for a period of 5–120 min. The gold free fully Cu/Ge-metalized pHEMT fabricated with an atomic hydrogen treatment demonstrated more superior thermal stability performance than the pHEMT with Cu/Ge ohmic contacts and Ti/Mo/Cu T-gate fabricated without atomic hydrogen treatment. The experimental results allow considering of CuGe compounds as a perspective gold replacement in the GaAs MMIC production.


In this study, Hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] coatings that is completely harmonious with human blood plasma environment were formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy substrates in glycolic acid - sodium gluconate buffer system by using biomimetic method. Coating of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy materials was realised inside synthetic body fluid (SBF) with different waiting periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). The wear behaviors of the coatings were investigated under different coating time periods and under different loads (3 and 5 N). 1 cm/sec sliding speed and 5, 10, 15 and 20 m sliding distances were used. The changes in the amount of wear and the friction coefficient depending on the holding time in SBF were examined and evaluated.


Windbreaks are key structural elements in the rural environment and affect the functionality of landscapes in multiple ways. A broad interdisciplinary view on these functions lacks in scientific literature and common knowledge. This led to under informed management decisions, a decrease in the number of windbreaks in wide areas, and a subsequent loss of landscape functionality. Therefore, the knowledge on windbreaks and associated ecosystem services (ES) was systematically reviewed to guide the way for a holistic comprehension of such structural landscape elements. We defined eight bundles of ES on the basis of the Common International Classification of ES scheme. Search terms that allowed to include only vegetative windbreaks consisting of at least one tree row were combined with appropriate search terms for the eight ES bundles in individual searches resulting in a total of 6094 hits. We considered only publications that provided quantitative data and allowed to derive a clear effect of windbreaks on ES so that 222 publications from all over the world were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The outcomes provide information about the dimension of effort, scientific consensus or dissensus, and knowledge gaps in the different research disciplines involved. It was shown that windbreaks bring predominantly positive effects to landscapes in the course of all investigated ES bundles. Apparent positive effects were found for soil protection, biodiversity and pest control, whereas for biomass production, nutrient and water balance, also adverse or indifferent effects were reported. The present review reveals an intense need for further interdisciplinary research using indicators, ES approaches or similar instruments that enable quantitative and comparable statements about the functionality of windbreaks in rural landscapes.


The composition,distribution and microtopography of titaniferous inclusions in Ti- IF steel during steelmaking and in the casting billets were investigated systematically,and the evolution of the titaniferous inclusions was described subsequently.Both thermodynamic analysis and experimental results indicate that TiN could not precipitate in the steelmaking process,while the titaniferous inclusions exist in the form of a combination of titanium oxides which mainly consists of TiO_2 and other oxides.In the solidification process of continuous casting,TiN inclusions precipitate in the heterogeneous nucleation way due to the decrease of liquid steel temperature and the segregation effect.The main non-metallic inclusions in the casting billets are large size Al_2O_3 particles and TiN-Al2TiO_5-Al_2O_3 triple-layer complex inclusions with the middle layer of Al_2TiO_5.The nucleation and growth process of TiN-Al_2TiO_5-Al_2O_3complex inclusions is that[Al],[Ti]and[N]form the middle layer of Al_2TiO_5 firstly on the Al_2O_3 core surface,then TiN nucleates and grows up on the Al_2TiO_5 surface.Since TiN inclusions in the casting billets are difficultly removed during the steelmaking process,it is feasible to control titaniferous inclusions in the steel by inclusion modification.


In the setting of Section 2.1, we assume X to be centered Gaussian process of covariance Σ where Σ is a bounded symmetric semidefinite operator. AsX is not bounded a.s., we need to use the weaker set of assumptions given in Remark 3. We thus need to compute R0 such that E [ ‖X‖X ⊗X ] 4 R0Σ and α,Rα such that E [〈X,Σ−αX〉X ⊗X] 4 RαΣ. We show here that these conditions are in fact simple trace conditions on Σ, sometimes called capacity conditions [25]. Lemma 1. If X ∼ N (0,Σ) and A is a bounded symmetric operator such that Tr(ΣA) <∞,


Intricate tuning of acoustic drums can have a significant impact on the quality and contextuality of the instrument when played live or in the recording studio. Indeed, many musicians and producers will spend a number of hours achieving a preferred drum sound prior to a performance. Drum tuning, however, is a rather subjective matter, so it is very difficult to define why a particular drum setup might sound good when another does not. A research study has been conducted to assess how performers and producers interpret and value the importance of drum tuning in their specific field or music genre. Waveform and spectral analysis is also used to show that quantitative tuning and acoustic benchmarking is a viable possibility. Conclusions of the research show that advanced musicians do have the ability to tune drums by ear, and do greatly value the differences that can be made. Less advanced musicians are aware of the benefits that can be made by knowledgeable drum tuning, but many do not possess the skills to achieve the desired results. Of the music producers interviewed, the importance of drum tuning was high on their agenda, and there is evidence that any technical methods for standardising or benchmarking particular drum setups would be embraced.


Quasi-public medium is a special public legal person in nature.It can obtain more autonomous right under the framework of public corporation system on the assumption that its behavior shouldn't depart from the governmental target.Quasi-public medium is permitted to hold some property of its own.It should strip the property right relationship with the corporation it belongs to.It can't construct the framework of corporate governance of modern business in accordance with Law of Corporation entirely,meanwhile it must persist in the leadership of Communist Party of China on the system design.


Economic sovereignty embodies national sovereignty in the economic field.In its evolutional process,economic sovereignty has undergone the following changes: the matters on which the economic sovereignty principle focuses has changed;the balance of rights and obligations in economic sovereignty has been paid heed to by all countries;and there appears a tendency of the coexistence of yielding and sharing,along with strengthening and weakening of economic sovereignty.


The aim of this article is to analyze, on the basis of a particular theoretical approach to identity construction, the factors that shape and help delineate various types of (religious) identity constructions among Western-born generations of Muslims. The author argues that a theoretical framework that combines a socio-cultural use of religion in the construction of group identity with that of scriptural interpretation provides the optimal conceptual tool for not only understanding the formation of religious identity among Western-born and/or Western-raised generations of Muslims, but also for delineating between different types of identities being acquired by the Muslims living in the West.


MARY D., aged 42, a servant, was admitted to Victoria Ward on February 24th, i88o. She had been married a second time. Her family history was very good. The catamenia had always been regular, though the quantity was then considerably diminished. Her general health had been good, and she had been able to do plenty of hard wvork without inconvenience until last October. About that time, slhe began to feel very weak and disinclined for work. HIer appetite fell ofl; and she became pale and lost flesh. She also suffered from great palpitation on going upstairs or walking fast. These symptoms gradually increased very mtuch, and she became quite powerless. Since Christmas, she had been six weeks in the infirmary without benefit. She said her legs had swelled, particularly when she stood much. C'onditioz onz Adimission.-The appearance of the patient was markedly anoemic. The conjunctiva, etc., were extremely pallid; the tongue was white, and rather flabby. The bowels were confined (as they generally had been). Pulse IOO, soft, and easily compressible. Temperature on admission (2.30 P.M.), 99.20. The heart's impulse was felt in the fifth space, just inside the vertical nipple-line. There was a reduplicated first sound, resembling the presystolic rumble. A dis-


This essay uses John Dewey's understanding of classroom discussion to construct a model of democratic deliberation that stresses the importance of the formal aesthetics of dialog. It claims that qualities such as the rhythm and direction of face-to-face political talk affects interlocutors' effectiveness in persuading others and stimulating interest. Because participants primarily focus on responding to the substance of individual utterances, the model employs Dewey's understanding of the teacher as a moderator who regulates the spatial and temporal quality of the entire deliberation. Although some might claim the presence of such an authority figure endangers the deliberators' autonomy, Dewey stresses that good teachers assist students in constructing their own solutions to their own problems, and therefore a moderator could actively intervene and respect the normative principles of deliberative democracy. Finally, the essay discusses the distinctive role implied by such an association in a larger theory of deliberative politics.


It is said that long ago, in primeval India, there was a kingdom of blind people. These were in all respect endowed with human traits save for sight. In particular, they were warriors. At one point, King Bat, the king of the Blind, thinking of expanding his kingdom's hegemony, sent out (blind) scouts to the neighboring (seeing) kingdom. That other kingdom was a powerful one. Its army disposed of a famed and formidable war unit of elephants. Elephants were unknown to the Blind and their king King Bat. The scouts soon came back, all excited with intriguing news "An elephant," said one, "is like a rough-textured wall!…" "Not so," said his neighbor, "an elephant is a snakelike beast that blows foul-smelling air and putrid water in and out of its maw!…" "Nay!" said another, "it is thinner than a snake, stringlike, and has a tuft of hair on top of its small head!…" The last, older, scout, snorted his scorn at his inexperienced younger comrades, and stated unequivocally, "May your Blindness forgive these three stooges for their poor senses! An elephant is in fact a bunch of trees that hammer the ground with their trunks in turn to frighten their enemies! They have long and sharp low-reaching branches that are sharpened to needlepoints by African elephant trainers…" The blind Bat blinked, then saw the light: "We shall ask Our Royal Cornputer Astrologer of Scient-O-Logic Programming, Holy Mole Ravi Olly, to advise Us. We shall blindly follow what she will tell Us—she shall query her oracle and let the Answer be Our Fate!…" Thus spake King Bat to Holy Mole Soon, the solemnly clad Scient-O-Logic Programmer performed a neck-cut and gutted a goat, executing her higher-order priestly functions in a monotone language. ȁ C;Aha! Let's see what we have in store," said Holy Mole, adjusting her multifocal stained-glass spectacles, "an elephant is simply an invention of our wicked neighbors to make us believe that they possess that which they do not—L'arme ultime!" Dixit Holy Mole Ravi Olly She paused to enjoy the effect, and as an aside, added, "I submitted a seminal Braille paper on the topic to the Bombay Symposium of Scient-O-Logzc Programming last year, but it was rejected. The referccs, silly bunch, did not decipher my Braille slates upside right!… And now, if you'll excuse me, I have to see to my sabbatical in Egypt…" Exit Holy Mole Ravi Olly Thereupon, everyone applauded, King Bat led the attack, and all but one of the Blind were blindly leveled to platitude by a stoic stampede of myopic elephants who did not even care to see them for it was night. The only survivor of the Blind was Frau Doktor Professor Ravi Olly, on sabbatical leave in Alexandria Indeed, Holy Mole Olly went to the Library of Alexandria where she taught at the Research Institute for FUEL Programming. Let us hope that her class' inheritance is not the object of this panel, for what happened to that Library of Science was but blaze and cinders History tells us to ask ourselves not to repeat it.… We, this panel's actors, should perhaps heed its message? What follows is an appendix. It is a Graduate Seminar proposal that I am thinking of teaching in Spring. Its contents might he both relevant and revealing. Where does the Logic start or end? I do not know… Do you? I include it here in this controversial position paper to illustrate that there is more that meets the eye in the logical functionality of computation and information


A simple, quarter wave line diode switch for use in pulsed NMR is described. This switch isolates the receiver from the noise produced by a commercial broadband and high‐gain, power amplifier.


The sinterability of europium, samarium, gadolinium, and dysprosium pure oxides was investigated at various temperatures under both oxidizing and reducing conditions as well as hot pressing. Data are presented on the density, grain size, thermal expansion, resistance to water corrosion, and the microhardness of these oxides. Photomicrographs showing grain growth and microstructure are included. The results indicate that dysprosium oxide is the most stable of the four oxides investigated. It sinters with small grain size, is similar to alumina in coefficient of thermal expansion, and does not undergo a phase transformation.


The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the contribution made by migrants in the territory that hosts them, particularly when they transfer their knowledge to members of the community. In the specific case of the sea urchin fishery, it is described how the Morishita family in Baja California undertakes the sea urchin value chain, from the location of population banks to the commercialization of the product in the Japanese market and, by therefore, the promotion of development in rural places while starting a culture of export and currency generation. An adventure of opportunities that has been successful for more than 50 years, whose origin is the sustainable use of "a plague" that today is a delicacy for many.


Foreword by Frank Buschmann. Foreword by Steve Vinoski. About This Book. About The Authors. Intended Audience. Structure of the Book. Guide to the Reader. Acknowledgements. About The Authors. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Overview of Resource Management. 1.2 Scope of Resource Management. 1.3 Usage of Patterns. 1.4 Patterns in Resource Management. 1.5 Related Work. 1.6 Pattern Form. 2. Resource Acquisition. Lookup. Lazy Acquisition. Eager Acquisition. Partial Acquisition. 3. Resource Lifecycle. Caching. Pooling. Coordinator. Resource Lifecycle Manager. 4. Resource Release. Leasing. Evictor. 5. Guidelines for Applying Resource Management. 6. Case Study: Ad Hoc Networking. 6.1 Overview. 6.2 Motivation. 6.3 Solution. 7. Case Study: Mobile Network. 7.1 Overview. 7.2 Motivation. 7.3 Solution. 8. The Past, Present, and Future of Patterns. 8.1 The Past Four Years at a Glance. 8.2 Where Patterns are Now. 8.3 Where Will Patterns Go Tomorrow? 8.4 A Brief Note about the Future of Patterns. 9. Concluding Remarks. Referenced Patterns. Notations. References. Acknowledgements. Index of Patterns. Index.


An estimate of global net primary production in the ocean has been computed from the monthly mean near-surface chlorophyll fields for 1979-1986 obtained by the Nimbus 7 CZCS radiometer. Our model required information about the subsurface distribution of chlorophyll, the parameters of the photosynthesis-light relationship, the sun angle and cloudiness. The computations were partitioned among 57 biogeochemical provinces that were specified from regional oceanography and by examination of the chlorophyll fields. Making different assumptions about the overestimation of chlorophyll by the CZCS in turbid coastal areas, the global net primary production from phytoplankton is given as 45-50 Gt C year"1. This may be compared with current published estimates for land plants of 45-68 Gt C year"' and for coastal vegetation of 1.9 Gt C year"1.


A theoretical analysis is made of steady-state two-mode (two- and four-wave) emission from a ring gas laser with a two-isotope active medium. The interaction coefficients of traveling waves are calculated for two longitudinal linearly polarized modes. Two cases are considered: Modes polarized in one direction and at right-angles to one another. The limits of stability of the two-mode (two- and four-wave) emission are investigated as a function of the following parameters of a ring gas laser: mode spacing, positions of modes on the gain curve, longitudinal dimensions and relative positions of tubes with the active medium, lifetimes and total momentum of the active levels, and width of the spontaneous emission line.


Over the past twenty years, media coverage regarding legislative actions in the health care industry has predominantly focused upon the current Congressional health care bill, HIPAA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) legislation and patient privacy rights. However, medical offices must abide by many legislative policies and regulations to provide health care to patients in a legal, efficient, and financially viable manner. Although many of these legislative policies do not garner the same widespread attention as that received by the current health care bill and HIPAA, they, nonetheless, require an equally significant level of attention in the medical community. In this paper, the authors examine one of the current legislative rulings affecting the billing portion of the medical community, the transitioning process from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 coding system. The authors study the influence of practice ownership type and community size on the level of preparedness for ICD-10 implementation. The results show that there is little difference between practice ownership types and community size, when preparing for implementation of ICD-10. However, the data does raise the question of actual versus perceived preparedness levels for the mandatory implementation of ICD-10.


Objective:To observe the inhibitory effects of scorpion venom from Buthus Martensii Karsch and its components on human tumor cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7721,BGC and A549).Methods: The components were isolated from scorpion venom by Sephadex G-50 gel column chromatography.MTT method was used to detect the survival of tumor cells(HL-60,SMMC-7721,BGC and A549) after treated with SV and its components in vitro at different final concentrations(1 mg/L,10 mg/L and 100 mg/L),compared with outcomes of Mitomycin C(MMC) and cis-platinum(CDDP) treatments as positive controls.The effects of SV and its components on tumor cells mentioned above were observed at 48 hours after exposure.Results: Sephadex G-50 gel column chromatography identified 6 peaks(AP Ⅰ_1,AP Ⅱ_2,AP Ⅱ,AP Ⅲ_1,AP Ⅲ_2,AP Ⅳ_4),of which,AP Ⅲ_1 showed obvious cytotoxicity on tumor cells of HL-60,SMMC-7721,BGC and A549(P0.05,or P0.01),and obvious dose-response effects on HL-60 and A549.Conclusion: AP Ⅲ_1 distinctly inhibited the growth of HL-60,SMMC-7721,BGC and A549 cell lines.


This study describes the development of 13 moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies from the Churchill River Basin of northern Saskatchewan, and their application to estimate streamflow prior to the initiation of direct monitoring in 1929. Most of these new tree-ring records extend back to the early or mid-19th century, with their length limited by the lifespan of trees growing in fire-dominated boreal forest environments. Ring-width index chronologies are significantly correlated with mean annual and summer streamflow across the watershed; those records that were highly (above 0.6) correlated with streamflow were chosen as potential predictors in linear regression models. Robust models (accounting for between 40 and 53 percent of total variance) were developed for three gauges in the basin and used to estimate annual streamflow at these locations since ca. AD 1840. Periods of above average annual flow include 1853 to 1882, 1894 to 1904, 1932 to 1936 and 1946 to 1979. Annual flows were consistently below average during 1840 to 1852, 1883 to 1893, 1905 to 1921, 1937 to 1945 and 1980 to 1997. Some of the most severe and sustained low flows have occurred in recent decades. Although these proxy hydrological records are relatively short compared to many other tree-ring estimates of past streamflow, they provide an expanded context for evaluating the variability recorded by stream gauges and the conventional reference hydrology for water supply planning and management in northern Saskatchewan.


An acoustic analysis of the temporal extent of vowel nasalization in the productions of six native speakers of (Standard) Modern Greek showed that the temporal extent of anticipatory vowel nasalization is limited in all contexts, although it is more extensive before tautosyllabic than heterosyllabic nasals. (On average, in stressed syllables, heterosyllabic anticipatory nasalization was 27 ms long, tautosyllabic anticipatory was 48 ms long, and carryover was 70 ms.) Modern Greek patterns in this aspect with languages like Spanish, Italian, Ikalanga, which also show a tendency toward open syllables, and obstruents are, in general, dispreferred as codas. It is hypothesized that there may be a link between a tendency for open syllables in a language and limited extent of anticipatory nasalization and it is suggested that investigation of the prosodic organization of languages may prove fruitful in determining the factors that lead to cross‐language coarticulatory differences regarding vowel nasalization.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to machinery for producing camshafts by widening the pipe. According to the present invention, machinery for producing camshaft by spread this tube, a plurality of cams (3) of the shaft axis for centering and orienting around (16), are connected to each other was provided with a plurality of sliders (32, 37) opposed, composed of a plurality of segments of the module type (9) consists of a fixed device for manufacturing by spread tube at least one camshaft.


AIM
To investigate the presence and potency of natural enzyme inhibitors with hypoglycemic potentials amongst Eucalyptus Spp. by in vitro assays.

METHODS
The leaf extracts of the three different Eucalyptus species [E. globulus (EG), E. citriodora (EC), E. camaldulensis (ECA)] were subjected to in vitro assay procedures to explore the prevalence of natural enzyme inhibitors (NEIs) after preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations, to study their inhibitory actions against the enzymes like α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 playing pathogenic roles in type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant potential and total antioxidant capacity of the species were also evaluated.

RESULTS
Major bioactive compounds like polyphenols (341.75 ± 3.63 to 496.85 ± 3.98) and flavonoids (4.89 ± 0.01 to 7.15 ± 0.02) were found in appreciable quantity in three species. Based on the IC50 values of the extracts under investigation, in all assays the effectivity was in the order of EG > ECA > EC. The results of the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed that the reducing ability of the species was also in the order of EG > ECA > EC. A strong correlation (R(2) = 0.81-0.99) was found between the phenolic contents and the inhibitory potentials of the extracts against the targeted enzymes.

CONCLUSION
These results show immense hypoglycemic potentiality of the Eucalyptus Spp. and a remarkable source of NEIs for a future phytotherapeutic approach in Type 2 diabetes.


Pentose and hexose can be estimated when present together in mixtures by heating them with orcinol and acid either alone or with ferric chloride. The colours produced are measured a t suitable wavelengths and the results calculated directly from the colorirneter readings by means of a nomogram. DURING investigations into the chemical composition of bacterial cell material it became necessary to determine pentoses and hexoses when present together. An approximate answer, at least, was needed even when the exact nature of the sugars present was not known, Colorimetric methods based on the orcinol reaction proved suitable and required only small amounts of material.When orcinol is heated with sugars in the presence of sulphuric or hydrochloric acid the product has an absorption band in the blue end of the spectrum. Fig. 1 shows the absorption spectra obtained when the reaction is carried out under the conditions prescribed on p. 81. Pentoses and hexoses both give a peak at 425 mp, but the absorption with the hexoses is the 560 600 Wavelength, rnp Fig. 1. Absorption spectra of material obtained on heating sugars with the orcinol-sulphuric acid reagent. Solutions containing 24 p g of the sugars per ml were treated with the reagent as described in the text. The absorption spectra of the solutions in a 1-cm cuvette were read on the Unicam spectrometer. 7w Fig. 2. Absorption spectra of material obtained on heating sugars with the orcinol-ferric chloride reagent. Solutions containing 24 p g of the two pentoses per ml or 72 p g of the hexoses per ml were treated with the orcinol-ferric chloride reagent as described in the text. The absorption spectra of the solutions in a l-cm cuvette were read on the Unicam spectrometer. Xylose , ribose # fructose 0 0 0 0 0 0 , galactose x-x-x-x-x glucose 0-0-0-0-0, lesser. If the colour is read on an " EEL " calorimeter* incorporating the appropriate filter, the colour ratio of pentose to glucose is about 1.3 to 1, or 1.1 to 1 if molar concentrations are considered (see Table I). This is the basis of the Tillmans-Phillippi method for assaying total carbohydrate.lP2 If, however, the reaction is carried out in the presence of ferric chloride,


Based on agricultural climate index of winter wheat growth and development,the advantage and disadvantage of meteorological conditions on winter wheat growth and development in the whole stages from 2012 to 2013 were analyzed.The results showed that during 2012 —2013,temperature,precipitation,sunshine as a whole were adequate.During the winter wheat growth period in 2013,accumulated temperature was lower than the same period for 59.7 ℃,Rainfall was 73.3 mm less all the year round in the same period,Sunshine time was less than the same period for 141.8 h.In general,meteorological conditions influence on the yield in the whole stages was limited,the influence of climate type as the partial good harvest.


In this study, a process of semi-Markovian random walk with delaying barriers at  0 and   levels ( 0   ) and first falling moment of the process into the delaying barrier at zerolevel, ) ( 0  , are mathematically constructed, in this case when the random walk happens according to the Laplace's distribution ) 1 ; 1 (   L . Then it is given an explicit expression of the Laplace transformation of the distribution of random variable 0  . Also the simple formulas for expectation and variance of random variable 0  are obtained by the means of this Laplace transformation.


ABSTRACTThe monitoring of underground cavities plays a key role in risk management policies. Mine and underground quarry stakeholders require relevant methodologies and practices to define and assess hazards associated with these structures. To monitor these structures, geophysical methods may offer an interesting compromise among operating cost, invasiveness, and risk assessment reliability. The use of conventional 3D-electric resistivity imaging (ERI) software validated on relatively flat media is not sufficient to efficiently assess complex 3D geometries such as underground mine pillars. We have developed a new approach to evaluate pillar condition by means of a sequential use of two techniques. First, the photogrammetric method yields a detailed 3D model of the pillar geometry from a set of pictures. Second, 3D-ERI is performed based on this suitable geometry. The methodology is tested on a synthetic model to evaluate the effect of various geometry resolutions on the inversion. We also evaluated the c...


This study examines how frames were used in President Ma Ying-Jeou's political discourse in the ECFA debate with Tsai, the Chairperson of the Democratic Progressive Party. Scholars portray framing as an optimal rhetoric strategy and weapon against a political opponent that can influence and shape public opinion. In the present study, President Ma Ying-Jeou's discourse in the ECFA debate with Tsai is analyzed with respect to diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational framing. Results show that safety, responsibility, crisis, and incompetence frames are the primary strategies that Ma Ying-Jeou utilizes to gain public support for signing an ECFA with China during the debate. movements: it's not just for the big CEOs. This agreement, if passed, will benefit both large and smaller companies. You mentioned you attended some legislative briefings. Why don't you just hold a few hearings in the legislature to discuss an ECFA? We will ask our ministers to attend these hearings and tell the truth. Chairperson Tsai, I don't think you have been sincere. Lawmakers have the right to question officials. Why give up that right, only to complain that we don't talk. I think the legislature is the channel for proper communication, yet you boycott the meetings and even unnecessarily use violence. After using those methods, how do you expect people to see you are a reasonable party that uses reason when questioning the government?


Significance High death tolls from recent earthquakes have highlighted the need to better identify ways to effectively reduce seismic risk. We address this need by developing a new earthquake scenario ensemble approach. We model impacts from multiple different earthquake scenarios, identifying impacts that are common to multiple scenarios. This method allows us to estimate whether particular impacts are specific to certain earthquakes or occur irrespective of the location or magnitude of the next earthquake. Our method provides contingency planners with critical information on the likelihood, and probable scale, of impacts in future earthquakes, especially in situations where robust information on the likelihood of future earthquakes is incomplete, allowing disaster risk-reduction efforts to focus on minimizing such effects and reducing seismic risk. High death tolls from recent earthquakes show that seismic risk remains high globally. While there has been much focus on seismic hazard, large uncertainties associated with exposure and vulnerability have led to more limited analyses of the potential impacts of future earthquakes. We argue that as both exposure and vulnerability are reducible factors of risk, assessing their importance and variability allows for prioritization of the most effective disaster risk-reduction (DRR) actions. We address this through earthquake ensemble modeling, using the example of Nepal. We model fatalities from 90 different scenario earthquakes and establish whether impacts are specific to certain scenario earthquakes or occur irrespective of the scenario. Our results show that for most districts in Nepal impacts are not specific to the particular characteristics of a single earthquake, and that total modeled impacts are skewed toward the minimum estimate. These results suggest that planning for the worst-case scenario in Nepal may place an unnecessarily large burden on the limited resources available for DRR. We also show that the most at-risk districts are predominantly in rural western Nepal, with ∼9.5 million Nepalis inhabiting districts with higher seismic risk than Kathmandu. Our proposed approach provides a holistic consideration of seismic risk for informing contingency planning and allows the relative importance of the reducible components of risk (exposure and vulnerability) to be estimated, highlighting factors that can be targeted most effectively. We propose this approach for informing contingency planning, especially in locations where information on the likelihood of future earthquakes is inadequate.


1,3,5,7Cyclooctatetraene (COT, C8H8) is one of the most versatile ligands used in organometallic chemistry, with coordination modes ranging from η to η. COT is anti-aromatic with a tub conformation in its ground state; however, the dianion (C8H 2 8 −) is aromatic and planar. In this paper, we report a study of M(COT) (M = Ce, Pr, and Nd) using pulsed-field ionization zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy and density functional theory. The ZEKE spectra of the Ce, Pr, and Nd-COT complexes show multiple electronic transitions from the neutral ground state to various ion states, and each transition exhibits a major metal-ligand stretching progression. From the ZEKE spectra, the neutral ground states were determined as triplet, quartet, and quintet, and the ion states were doublet, triplet, and quartet for M = Ce, Pr, and Nd, respectively. In both neutral and ion states, the complexes are in C8v symmetry, and COT is planar. The conformational change of COT from a tub shape to a plane is induced by two electron transfer from the metal atoms to the ligand orbitals. It is noted that the spectra of these complexes are very much different from those of the Sc, Y, La, and Gd complexes previously studied in our group, for which only single transition was observed.


Fix a function $W(x_1,\ldots,x_d) = \sum_{k=1}^d W_k(x_k)$ where each $W_k: R \to R$ is a
right continuous with left limits and strictly increasing function, and consider the $W$-laplacian
 given by $\Delta_W = \sum_{i=1}^d \partial_{x_i}\partial_{W_i}$, which is a generalization of the
laplacian operator. In this work we introduce the $W$-Sobolev spaces of higher order, thus extending
the notion of $W$-Sobolev spaces introduced in Simas and Valentim (2011) [7]. We then provide
a characterization of these spaces in terms of a suitable Fourier series, and conclude the paper with
 some results on elliptic regularity of the problem $\lambda u - \Delta_Wu = f,$ for $\lambda\geq 0$.


Chronic hepatitis C infection leads to impairment of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). Treatment with direct‐acting antiviral regimens results in short‐ and long‐term improvement of these outcomes.


Absrtract Soil L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase EC 220.127.116.11) and urease (urea amidohydrolase EC 188.8.131.52) are involved in nitrogen mineralization and at supplying nitrogen to plants from natural and fertilizer sources. Soil enzymes as soil biochemical quality indices have received more attention in recent years. Trace metals are potential risks for soil biochemical quality. There are many reports on trace metals contamination of soils of Central Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of Cr, Cd and Pb on L-asparaginase and urease activities. Soil samples were taken from surface 0-15 cm layer of five major agricultural soils of Isfahan province, Central Iran. Soil properties varied widely in texture,organic carbon (OC), electrical conductivity (EC) and narrowly in pH. L-asparaginase activity ranged from 7.39 to 14.71 and urease activity varied from 15.3 to 75.63 μg NH4 g 2hr. The percentage of L-asparaginase inhibition, induced by Cr, Cd and Pb ranged from 7.8 to 19.3, 14.6 to 26.9 and 16.1 to 32.7%, respectively. L-asparaginase was significantly (p<0.01) less inhibited by Cr than Cd and Pb. In most soils, Pb and Cd had the same effect on Lasparaginase. The percentage of urease inhibition induced by Cr, Cd and Pb in the five soils ranged 8.9 to 18.0%, 11.7 to 23.8% and 12.1 to 24.9%, respectively. Urease was significantly (p<0.01) less inhibited by Cr than Cd and Pb, whereas Cd and Pb did not reveal any significant difference in all five soils. L-asparaginase and urease activities appeared as sensitive indicator of soil biochemical quality in soils contaminated with heavy metals.


A camera having a power zoom lens (10), comprising memory means for storing object distances of more than one object to be photographed at the same time, detected by a distance measuring device object, and motorized zoom lens control means for changing the focal length (f) of the power zoom lens (10) so that the objects are caused to fall within the depth of field of the power zoom lens (10).


OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during periods of neutropenia and non-neutropenia. To compare the infection rates in patients with HIV disease to those in a group hospitalized with neutropenia and hematologic malignancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study con-ducted between December 1985 and December 1987 at a university teaching hospital. Thirty patients with documented acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and absolute T-helper cells <200 mm/mm 3 . All patients had a period of non-neutropenia following a neutropenic period (neutrophils <1000 cells/mm 3 ). RESULTS: The rate of first infection during neutropenic and non-neutropenic periods for opportunistic infection and nonopportunistic infections were compared. There were no differences between infection rates for the two time periods for both types of infections. A subgroup of patient care days in which non-neutropenic days followed neutropenic days also was studied to eliminate selection bias. In this group, a comparison of infection rates also revealed no difference between neutropenic and non-neutropenic periods. An alternate analysis of the time until first infection during periods of neutropenia or non- neutropenia was done using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. There was a longer infection-free period for the neutropenic group for opportunistic infections, but it was not statistically significant (p<.l). In addition, we compared HIV-infected patients with a group of 37


The principles and actual research of superchilling and modified atmospheric packaging and preservative were ex-pounded.According to the characteristics,superchilling combined with modified atmospheric packaging and preservative in preservation of meat products was proposed.For most of foods,shelf life of superchilled food was as long 1.5 to 4 times as that of common cold storage.MAP of O250%+CO250% or O270%+CO230% could maintain the color of meat in a great level.Using the multiplex preservation could prevent E.coli developing,control the amount of bacilli,delay TVB-N moving up,and prolong the self life of meat.Using preservative after butchering and keeping superchilling and MAP during transportation and distribution could prolong self life greatly.


Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is a new airport which serves as an international transit station for Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. The airport was designed to serve large and heavy aircrafts with relatively high frequency. To meet flight safety standards,the runway must be designed to be able withstand the wheel weight of aircrafts to be served by the airport. The study aims to determine the thickness and strength of the runway pavement using the FAA method (Federal Aviation Administration) and COMFAA software. The reference aircraft used was Boeing 747-400ER based on landing wheel configuration. With a subgrade CBR value of 6%, Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) and Pavement Classification Number values of 77.8 and 94.9, respectively, were obtained. PCNvalue higher than ACN value indicates that the pavement structure condition is able to withstand the weight of all aircraft types that are planned to be served by the runway of YIA.


Continuous oral medication affected all organ, damage kidney and most hazardous action of NSAID class drug is produce ulcer specially in case of arthritis patient continuously pain persist. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. And also provide controlled release of the drug for extended period of the time. This review article cover brief outline components, types, present scenario, transdermal drug approved by FDA, mechanism of action, factors affecting transdermal bioavaibility, advantage, disadvantage, general clinical considerations in the use of TDDS and limitation of TDDS.


The nonlinear dynamics of PWM DC–DC switching regulators operating in the continuous conduction mode are investigated. A quick review of the existing analysis techniques and their limitations are first presented. A discrete nonlinear time-domain model is then derived for open-loop DC–DC converters. This model is then extended for closed-loop regulator systems implementing any type of compensation scheme. The equilibrium solutions of the closed-loop system are then identified. The eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix evaluated at the equilibrium solution are used to assess its stability. The methods developed are used to study the dynamic behavior of a DC–DC buck regulator implementing different types of compensation design: proportional, integral, proportional–integral, and proportional–integral–derivative type feedback control. A detailed bifurcation analysis of the dynamic solutions as a design or a control parameter is changed is presented. A period-doubling route to chaos is shown to exist in voltage-mode regulators, depending on the values of the parameters of the compensator and the input voltage. A further investigation of the behavior of the converter in the instability regions was carried out to improve the understanding of this interesting behavior.


This thesis aims at transferring the philosophy behind Heath-Jarrow-Mor-ton to the modelling of call options. Moreover, arbitrage-free models as well as the necessary techniques are developed in this thesis.


The article presents basic information about the Bazhenov formation, as well as its features and differences from other formations, complicating factors in the construction of wells. The experience on the development of a Suite of such companies as: "Surgutneftegas" Bitteschon and the Ulyanovsk fields and "Salym petroleum development" at the West Salym field. The characteristic of the blowout equipment for drilling at abnormally high reservoir pressure is given, the characteristic of the rotating preventer is given, the statistics of wear of the equipment Park is presented. The complex experience of drilling shale oil in the United States using coiled tubing and drilling at negative differential pressure is described, positive results of this method are presented. Leaders in the development of Bazhenov formation in Russia and shale oil in America are presented. The article describes the blowout equipment for coiled tubing installation, as well as materials used for seals of preventers. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance and problems of the Bazhenov formation development in Russia.


Headache often accompanies intracranial vertebral artery dissection (IVAD), and infrequently, it is the only symptom. Furthermore, IVAD presenting with isolated facial pain is rarer. Ischemia of the spinothalamic tract caused by IVAD is considered as the cause of facial pain. We present a case of intracranial vertebral artery dissection with trigeminal neuralgia-like facial pain which was successfully treated with antiplatelet agents and Carbamazepine.


In the text, an analysis is made of the pandemic situation, its implications and developments on politics. Especially it is analyzed how the State of Exception is used as a technique to try to overcome crises. Based on situations that occurred in the Brazilian State in 2020, the normalization of the State of Exception and Kaiserpresidentialism is read. The theoretical discussion revolves around the critical-Marxist arguments for reading the health, political and state crisis. The text uses the inductive method and bibliographic research to come to the conclusion that violence institutionalized by law can be used improperly as a technique to overcome society's problems, supplanting the Democratic State of Law.


J-P. SARTRE HAS WRITTEN AT LENGTH ON THE QUESTION OF HOW THE myth of the French revolution is possible. The intelligibility, let alone the truth, of his answer need not detain us unduly. But the question is a good one. The past two centuries or so have indeed been the age of myth of the Revolution. As in philosophical logic, the definite article has distinctive and powerful implications and gives rise to very interesting problems. In this case, they are not merely logical, but also, and above all, moral, epistemic and political. The definite article seems to imply existence; and it also seems to imply uniqueness. Even more disturbingly, it seems to suggest, in this case, moral rightness and political authority. The Revolution is necessary, unique and inevitable, legitimate and authoritative. But to claim these traits, it must also be identifiable; and it can only be identified, hailed and revered, if it carries some manifest stigmata. But what are they? Can they not be counterfeited? Are there not peddlers of fake stigmata, or, worse still, of false theories concerning what constitutes the stigmata?


In this paper, the synthesis and lab evaluation of thinner JNJ-1, a drilling fluid agent featured by heat resistanceand salt tolerance, are described. The agent is mainly synthesized with 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid ( AMPS),Maleic anhydride (MA), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylic amide (AM). The evaluation result shows that the new thinner is very effective for viscosity reduction, heat resistance, salt tolerance and resistance to the pollution of high-valence ion. Furthermore, the effectof synthesis conditions on thinner performance and the reducing ability of compound have been tested and evaluated..


Theoretical projections, based upon the anisotropic character of the polymer chains and supported by recent fiber technology and composite mechanics developments, indicate that an order of magnitude improvement in bulk polymer properties is both technically possible and achievable. The objective of this discussion is to define and discuss some of the major scientific problems associated with the achievement of the maximum mechanical potential of macromolecular (polymeric) solids. Two material paths to achieve maximum response will be considered in detail.

1. Composite Materials. This deals with the reinforcement of bulk polymers by one or more phases providing enhanced mechanical properties, such as high-strength high-modulus graphite, glass, and polymeric fibers. The latter could include high-modulus fibrous polyethylene in a polyethylene matrix–a molecular composite.

2. Homogeneous Molecular Composites–Ultra Molecular Orientation. Examined here is the way absolute molecular orientation can be developed in both aromatic and olefinic polymers to produce materials with mechanical properties comparable to the defect-free single crystals of metals. Simultaneously, structure-property relations are examined in traditional bulk polymers.


Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used for lignocellulose fractionation and lignin isolation. However, the effect of IL treatment on lignin structure has been less explored. This study aimed to explore the chemical structure of lignin isolated by widely used imidazolium based ILs and compare it with the well-known milled wood lignin structure (MWL). Four types of ILs were used, and the effects of the treatment conditions on the isolated lignin (ILL) characteristics were evaluated. As the treatment temperature was increased from 60 to 140 °C, the ILL yield increased, whereas the molecular weight and hydroxyl group content decreased. Among the ILs, [EMIM]Ac produced the highest lignin yield (5.28%), and the ILL obtained had the lowest hydroxyl content (1.27 mM/g) and a molecular weight (Mw) of 29,500 g/mol. Esterification of the ILL isolated with [EMIM]Ac was performed using three fatty acid chlorides, octanoyl chloride (C8), lauroyl chloride (C12), and palmitoyl chloride (C16), to extend its applicability. The effects of esterification on the characteristics of ILL were evaluated, and successful esterification was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies.


An increasing number of public managers in Hong Kong, usually but not exclusively in the middle stages of their careers, are returning to universities in order to broaden and deepen their knowledge of administrative processes and, for practical reasons, enhance their career prospects. A minority choose an MBA course, but the majority take the MP A route. While the requirements for the former vary, the latter can seldom be completed without writing a dissertation. Such an undertaking carries the expectation of generating empirically-based insights (a purely theoretical exercise seems to be the exception to the rule in programmes where practitioners participate on a meaningful scale).


The purpose of this brief review was to evaluate the efficacy of classroom interventions for elementary children with anxiety disorders, specifically Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, and test anxiety. Three common interventions for these anxiety disorders are hypnosis, meditation, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy as proven to be the most test and reliable intervention for treating anxiety disorders. Early intervention and prevention interventions have also been shown to dramatically decrease the risk of students for developing anxiety disorders later in life. Teachers should also be trained to detect and seek help for children in their classrooms who are suffering from anxiety.


The present study examined the psychometric properties of the short version of the Intelligence-Structure-Test 2000 R Form A (I-S-T 2000 R; Amthauer et al., 2001). Analyses regarding Rasch-scalability, psychometric quality, and factorial structure were conducted. For this purpose, 273 students of various faculties of the University of Marburg were tested with the I-S-T 2000 R. Despite problems regarding the scaling of some subtests, the results revealed a good psychometric quality and choice of distractors. Applying the resulting modifications, the I-S-T 2000 R even met the strict criteria of the Rasch-model. Only the reliability of the overall verbal reasoning score turned out to be unsatisfactorily low.