Human phospholipase A2 (hPLA2) of the IIA group (HGIIA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, producing arachidonic acid and originating potent inflammatory mediators. Therefore, molecules that can inhibit this enzyme are a source of potential anti-inflammatory drugs, with different action mechanisms of known anti-inflammatory agents. For the study and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs with this action mechanism, snake venom PLA2 (svPLA2) can be employed, since the svPLA2 has high similarity with the human PLA2 HGIIA. Despite the high similarity between these secretory PLA2s, it is still not clear if these toxins can really be employed as an experimental model to predict the interactions that occur with the human PLA2 HGIIA and its inhibitors. Thus, the present study aims to compare and evaluate, by means of theoretical calculations, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, as well as experimental studies, the interactions of human PLA2 HGIIA and two svPLA2s, Bothrops toxin II and Crotoxin B (BthTX-II and CB, respectively). Our theoretical findings corroborate experimental data and point out that the human PLA2 HGIIA and svPLA2 BthTX-II lead to similar interactions with the studied compounds. From our results, the svPLA2 BthTX-II can be used as an experimental model for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs for therapy in humans.


In this volume, some of the UK's best-known rich and famous personalities from the media, business and sporting worlds divulge the secrets of their extraordinary success. They discuss what got them to the top, whether they would do it again, or whether they have any regrets, and reveal what is more important to them - the money or the high-flying career. The personalities presented are: Sebastian Coe; Ken Bates; Roger Black; Raymond Blanc; Sir Chay Blythe; Tony Bullimore; Harvey Goldsmith; Nicola Horlick; Michael Parkinson; Tony Robinson; Gareth Southgate; Robin Smith; and Michael Lynagh.


The title compound exists in the crystal as a dimer of ion pairs. Hydrogen bonding and weak π–π interactions along with N—H⋯π interactions are involved in consolidating this cluster. The three-dimensional crystal structure consists of stepped stacks of dimers of ion pairs associated by C—H⋯π(ring) and slipped π-stacking interactions.


The amount of the beam emitted from linear accelerators can be adjusted by changing the jaw intervals of multi leaf collimator (MLC) system. The area to which the beam will be delivered is determined. In this study, the jaw intervals of linear accelerator in the Oncology unit of the Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine have been determined as 4 x 4 cm2 and 10 x 10 cm2 and the radiation dose emitted for both conditions has measured. The results have compared with other studies in the literature.


THE SCOPE of the references in this chapter is somewhat more restricted than in the preceding review (102), for which the title "Educational Psy chology" was used as a chapter head. Since this field interpenetrates many of the subjects of special issues of the REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH it was decided to include here those aspects of educational psychology dealing with learning, which could be viewed as acquired changes in the behavior probabilities of an individual brought about thru a definitely con trolled environment. Learning studies were selected only if they were broader in their implications than any one academic field, and only when they emphasized the role of the learner rather than that of the environment, whether physical or social, instructional or clinical. As a consequence, it is believed that a number of studies, analytical as well as experimental, are here reported without trespassing too much on fields marked out for other issues. A few volumes of interest to the student of learning have appeared. The Psychology of Human Learning by McGeoch (56) was published post humously and provides a descriptive and critical account of various phases of learning. While the greater portion of the volume is taken up with an exploration of serial memorization, the earlier and later chapters deal with many problems and generalizations closely related to classroom ex perience. Man and His Works (98) contains the gist of Thorndike's psy chology, including his more recent work on the specifications for a com munity which make for general goodness of life. The ten chapters con stitute the William James Lectures given at Harvard in 1942. The Fortyfirst Yearbook (34) presented authoritative statements of the basic theories of learning—conditioning, connectionism, and field theory. The contribu tions, particularly those by Gates, Guthrie, Hartmann, Hull, Lewin, McConnell, and Sandiford reveal that the theories have much in common and much that is significant for education. Other chapters deal with motivation, (Ryans), emotional behavior (Anderson), practice (Stroud), language and meaning (Horn) , problem solving (Brownell), and the curriculum (Buswell). A number of chapters relating to various aspects of learning are to be found in the two-volume treatise edited by Hunt (41) , particularly those by Bateson, Guthrie, Mowrer, Murphy, and White. Bibliographies and reviews of research for the field of learning as a whole should likewise be noted before turning to reports of specific studies. Ryans (81) reviewed the researches in learning with especial sig nificance for education which appeared in six journals during the years 1936 to 1940, and selected references on educational psychology are pre sented by Buswell and Sherman (12) . Twenty-six studies in the psychology


The failure of test equipments and their parts or components cannot be absolutely avoided in the automobile collision test. In case of the test failure,so as to make the test vehicle stop in time, a brake device-air pressure machine feet that can be controlled from long distance by remote controller is designed ,taking air pressure as power supply.


Individual speakers' voices display various unique patterns, one of the most prominent of which is vowel articulation. This study focuses on vowel space properties of 15 Czech speakers in read and spontaneous speech, comparing outputs of three formant extraction methods, measuring formants: (1) in the vowels' temporal midpoints, (2) as their mean from the vowels' middle thirds, and (3) in the vowels' articulatory targets. The results show extensive variability across speakers, but also great within-speaker variability between the two speech styles, with spontaneous speech manifesting more centralised vowel pronunciation than read utterances. The first two measurement methods did not yield systematically different results, while formant values extracted from acoustically defined articulatory targets lead to noticeably larger vowel spaces. The results suggest that care should be taken when interpreting formant values obtained by different methods.


. Pfirsch–Schl¨uter current (PSC) is an inherent property of a finite pressure toroidal plasma equilibrium in tokamaks and stellarators. However, it has been pointed out (V.D. Pustovitov, Nucl. Fusion 36 (1996) 583) that the PSC in a conventional stellarator could be suppressed completely by adjusting the external vertical magnetic field so that it satisfies the condition that the quantity characterizing the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field strength on a flux surface is a flux function. In this article an example is presented of such an l = 3 stellarator equilibrium. Complete suppression of PSC in a finite beta plasma is shown numerically by using the fixed boundary version of the VMEC code. The calculated equilibrium is also analysed from the viewpoint of the Boozer magnetic spectrum. It is shown that a reduction of the poloidal inhomogeneity of the magnetic field strength is essential for reducing the PSC.


Discrete processes controlled by programmable logic controllers involve two distinct diagnostic scenarios: dead state and degrading performance. This paper details a dual-hierarchical expert system approach which performs process diagnosis for both scenarios. Diagnosis of either scenario is classificatory in nature, using one of two specialized Sequential-Functional hierarchies.


Master study program of Arabic Education (PBA) in UIN Raden Intan Lampung Postgraduate was established in 2017. The draft curriculum for this study program has not been reviewed and validated according to the needs of the graduates. In the curriculum, a formulation of graduates' profile is needed. This research aims to determine the perceptions of Stakeholders about the profile of master study program of Arabic Education (PBA) graduates of UIN Raden Intan Lampung is as their expectation and the demand of the IQF (Indonesian Qualification Framework) level 8 in applied master program.This research was conducted in qualitative with Survey method. Data collection instruments include questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Data is analyzed in qualitative. The survey results of stakeholders are known that the profile of the main graduates of master study program of Arabic Education (PBA) in UIN Raden Intan Lampung Postgraduate is as a teacher of Arabic in the Bachelor program (S1), supporting profiles as researchers, Arabic Education designers and the preferred profiles as Arabic philologists or journalists. The formulation of the Graduate Profile has implications for curriculum development and the preparation of the documents.


The reactions of zirconium2−methyl−2−butoxide with several organic(liols gave novel net−worked altemative zirconium− org2mic moieties hybrid copolymers particles whose forms and sizes varied with the organic units。Especially,the co− polymer of the bis(4−hydroxypheny1)suHbne system gave the spherical particles having hollow space.The electron transfer ffom the aromatic groups to the zirconium atom in the net≒worked stmctures was demonstrated by the re− sults of the ESR spectra andαδ一初漉o calculations.


ing down of the USAID's Russian programs demonstrates that Russian officials are more convinced of their visibility. The book presents solid coverage of the interactive nature of these states' events, including how activists travelled between these locations and engaged in "crossfertilization." Some of these diffusion activities were funded by American non-governmental organizations. While wellintentioned, such involvement was often viewed as "inappropriate" by Russia (p. 84), especially in light of official statements by the US soon after the Cold War that it would respect Russia's role in the former Soviet sphere (pp. 133, 142). When the leaderships produced by the Colored Revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine began to demand NATO membership, the Russians perceived these moves as an overt violation of these boundaries (pp. 100–3). While a policymaking audience will appreciate the book's readability, the book could develop more of its theoretical contributions from a scholarly perspective. There are a few places where the discussion has a useful grounding in theory—in the consideration of revolutions in Chapter 1 and in a few-page discussion of transitions that concludes the book. However, much of the relevant scholarly literature is banished to an appendix, where it is unable to provide a strong context for the premises of the argument. Partly related to this placement, general concepts could be presented in a more complete fashion. As one example, there is an assertion that the pre-Color-Revolution regimes were not fully "authoritarian" but there should be a more in-depth consideration of what authoritarianism or competitive authoritarianism might be in relation to the literature (pp. 115, 139, and 141). Other concepts that could have been more developed for more depth of discussion include "accountability" (p. 118), "patronage regime" (p. 119), and "state building" (p. 129). There are ample debates in the literature on the nature of these concepts, and it would be useful to make them fully available to a policy-reading audience—especially within the context of the other insights offered by the author. There is some discussion regarding the way in which weak states fostered the Colored Revolutions, but the aspects that constitute strong versus weak state deserve stronger consideration for this insight to be fully realized (pp. 12, 29, 156, and 164). In contrast to the book's clearly-written style, there are occasional references that assume more knowledge than even scholarly readers might have, to concepts such as "Skocpol's framework" (p. 10) and "semidemocratic hybrid regimes" (p. 43) without an explanation or further discussion of these terms in the book. For either a policy or a scholarly audience, it would have been useful to have a stronger description of the electoral systems at issue. Without these general descriptions, some of the terminology can be cumbersome: the "national list system" (pp. 45, 53, and 120) is usually described in the field as a proportional representation system, or PR, while the "single mandate" system is the majoritarian or first-past-the-post system. These are primarily semantic issues, as there is astute coverage of the implications of some of the different systems for political dynamics. The organization of the book by themes rather than by country is overall a positive feature of the book, as it is more engaging for the reader than trying to get through long chapter blocks on each place in turn. However, this thematic structure occasionally lends itself to repetition as certain details of the narrative fit into more than one theme. The thematic structure may imply that some repetition is unavoidable, but at times it seems the book's narrative might be shortened somewhat. In spite of the general well-researched nature of the cases, there are some points where the empirical discussion should have been handled more carefully. Most importantly, it was surprising to see an omission in the Orange Revolution discussion regarding the poisoning of Viktor Yushchenko in the relevant sections on Ukraine on pp. 48–52 and 59–61. This incident was a crucial aspect of these events, and there were also different perceptions of this event within the different electoral camps. In addition, the discussion mentions that the use of violence was not a threat in Ukraine (p. 146), but this was not the case as represented in media accounts at the time. There are also some editing issues, including cited sources that are missing from the bibliography. Maps would have also been a useful addition to the book as well. Overall, this was an extremely useful book that I will be glad to use in my classes, and I would recommended it particularly to those working in the area of foreign policy and democracy promotion programs. In addition to its strong and detailed coverage of the Colored Revolutions, it provides a timely discussion of elite strategies to prevent leadership changes in Azerbaijan, Belarus, and Iran. The events of the Arab Spring also make more sense in the context of these insights. In Egypt, the new government has moved to restrict the activities of non-governmental organizations promoting democracy and human rights, only a few short months after its own optimistic transition. If we are now entering a phase in which transitions without democratization become the norm, this book will provide a useful roadmap of the details of how such dynamics might work.


ABSTRACT Background: There is growing awareness that the subjective experience of people with dementia is important for understanding behavior and improving quality of life. This paper reviews and reflects on the currently available theories on subjective experience in dementia and it explores the possibility of a knowledge gap on the influence of neurological deficits on experience in late stage dementia. Methods: A literature review on current commonly used theories on experience in dementia was supplemented with a systematic review in PubMed and Psychinfo. For the systematic review, the terms used were Perception and Dementia and Behavior; and Awareness and Dementia and Long term care. Results: Current models emphasize the psychosocial factors that influence subjective experience, but the consequences of neurological deficits are not elaborated upon. The systematic literature search on the neuropsychological functioning in dementia resulted in 631 papers, of which 94 were selected for review. The current knowledge is limited to the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Next to memory impairments, perception of the direct environment, interpretation of the environment, and inhibition of own responses to the environment seem to be altered in people with dementia. Conclusions: Without knowledge on how perception, interpretation and the ability for response control are altered, the behavior of people with dementia can easily be misinterpreted. Research into neuropsychological functioning of people in more severe stages and different forms of dementia is needed to be able to develop a model that is truly biopsychosocial. The proposed model can be used in such research as a starting point for developing tests and theories.


Treatment of 2,4,6-tris(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (2,4,6-(4-BrC6H4)3-1,3,5-C3N3)with HC⋮CSiMe3in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4/CuI and NEt3 produces 2,4,6-[4-(Me3SiC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3, which reacts with Bu4NF to yield 2,4,6-[4-(HC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3. Reaction of 2,4,6-[4-(HC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3 with AuCl(PPh3) in the presence of NEt3 produces the gold acetylide complex 2,4,6-[4-((PPh3)AuC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3. Treatment of 2,4,6-[4-(HC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3 with cis-RuCl2(dppe)2/NaPF6 followed by NEt3 gives 2,4,6-[4-(Cl(dppe)2RuC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3, which reacts with p-HC⋮CC6H4R (R = OCH3, NO2) to give 2,4,6-[4-((4-RC6H4C⋮C)(dppe)2RuC⋮C)C6H4]3-1,3,5-C3N3. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the new complexes have been investigated.


The doctrine of administrating a state,called "advocating thrift and avoiding luxury" included in the Lao Tzu,made a claim to the ruler not only of no desire and no competition,but also of inaction and frugality.It is very important for the leader to administrate our contemporary country.


Group work is an educational tool designed to develop learners' cognitive and social skills at different levels of education across various subjects. We felt that it is important to see learners' perspectives of group work assessment as they are clients that stay with teachers the whole year. To this effect, the study aimed to examine grades 11 and 12 students' perspectives of their teachers' group work assessment practices in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Regional State (SNNPRS), Ethiopia. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design as the purpose of the study was to survey and describe the assessment practices. To achieve this, 270 students were selected with a systematic random sampling technique for a questionnaire survey. However, only 212 students filled the questionnaire properly. To examine whether the expected mean values were statistically significant or not as compared to the observed mean scores at both an item and scale levels, a one-sample t-test was applied. The results showed that the assessment of group work focuses on the assessment of group product with little consideration of group process and individual contribution to the group work. Besides, the teachers used to employ limited groupbased assessment tools such as group presentations, written group reports, and paper-pencil tests (tests, quizzes, examinations) which are aligned with the assessment of group product while tools that may foster group process and individual accountability like individual written reports, presentations, portfolios, demonstrations, and debates were inadequately used. Based on the findings, it was recommended that SNNPRS Education Bureau has to organize induction for teachers on group work assessment skills. Keywords: assessment practice; assessment tool; group assessment; group process; group outcome


Abstract The performance of the Eppley pyrgeometer with a silicon dome presents several anomalies during daytime measurements. These problems are related mainly to the solar heating of the dome, which causes nearly instantaneous fluctuations, about ±1%–2% from the average value, in the longwave irradiance measured by the pyrgeometer during cloudless days. An evaluation of the solar heating effect of the dome made with a set of sun and shade experiments indicates that the pyrgeometer output includes an equivalent of about 3.6% of the incoming solar radiation. In spite of the improvement with the use of silicon instead of KRS-5 domes, the error due to solar heating requires some kind of correction. Sun and shade experiments under a number of wind speed conditions are used to derive an empirical correction that is based on the global solar radiation.


, recycling waste concrete to manufacture recycled aggregate or recycling waste concrete powder, which is the material for cement can be considered optimally environment-friendly practices. This study contributes to the aim of manufa cturinghigh value added materials that exploits the chemical properties of the waste concrete powder. From the research results, waste concrete powder is feasible to use to produce low carbon type recycled cement.키워드 : 저탄소형 시멘트, 콘크리트 미분말, 콘크리트 리사이클 Keywords : Low carbon type cement, Waste concrete powder, Recycled concrete* Corresponding author E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


A comparative study has been made using molecular mechanics of the ring entity of the active enkephalin analogs, Tyr‐cyclo(‐Nω‐D‐XXX‐Gly‐Phe‐Leu‐), where XXX is variously A2pr, A2bu, and Orn. Several conformations are favored for all three, and the lower‐energy models are compatible with a Gly3‐Phe4 bend in the active form of enkephalin. Some difficulties in assuming standard geometries in conformational surveys are illustrated.


The acknowledgment of IoT requires a colossal measure of sensor hubs which have limited battery power, memory, computational latency and communication bandwidth to obtain contributions from the associated objects. In the current developments of the resource constraint environments, the trend is shifted towards lightweight cryptographic algorithm. Many lightweight cryptographic algorithms have been developed and also existing algorithms are modified in terms of resource constraint environment. In this paper we analyzed a very popular block cipher AES-128 and tried to make it lightweight regarding energy consumption. In modified AES algorithm an execution of the AES mix columns operation is proposed, combine the add round - key operation with mix - columns to perform in one cycle, the shift - row operation has been modified to shift - rows and shift - columns and reduction in number of rounds to 6 rounds only for modified AES and compare the results of standard algorithm and modified algorithms. The proposed algorithms passed the statistical test suite, also the new algorithms faster than standard AES in term of implementation. In security term the modified algorithm for 6 round has more confusion and diffusion percent because of the modified in mix-columns and shift-rows operations.


The quality of video sequences (e.g. old movies, webcam, TV broadcast) is often reduced by noise, usually assumed white and Gaussian, being superimposed on the sequence. When denoising image sequences, rather than a single image, the temporal dimension can be used for gaining in better denoising performance, as well as in the algorithms' speed. This paper extends single image denoising method reported in to sequences. This algorithm relies on sparse and redundant representations of small patches in the images. Three different extensions are offered, and all are tested and found to lead to substantial benefits both in denoising quality and algorithm complexity, compared to running the single image algorithm sequentially. After these modifications, the proposed algorithm displays state-of-the-art denoising performance, while not relying on motion estimation.


Selection of suitable engine oils becoming more challenging for automobile engineers. Life of the engine majorly depends upon engine oil, type of fuel being used and various other thermal and structural characteristics of the engine. Dissipation of heat is one of the major consideration in the design of automobile engines. Generally engine oils are used for the lubrication between piston and cylinder but to enhance the cooling effectiveness Nano-particles are added in the lubricant, so that internal heat generation in the engines can be minimized. Nano-fluids are playing a vital role in heat transfer applications because of its enhanced thermal conductivity nature and generally these fluids are colloidal mixture of Nano particles and base fluids. Intense research studies over Nano fluids are very high because of their sublime behavior.Recently. Advanced research over Nano technology has gone to a situation where two or more Nano particles are made to mix in a base fluids and generally we call this as hybrid Nano fluids. In this work, preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles and mixing them with 10W30 engine oil were carried out. By various techniques thermal characteristics of fluid are identified with different parameters.


this work deals with a new approach based on production power system control strategy based on the Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator supplied by inverter connected to PV plant. For that, a mathematical model of the chain simuled on Matlab environment was developed with mixing control techniques, using on load side converter of direct torque control, DTC, based on space vector modulation, SVM, where the PI regulator assure the speed and the DC-bus voltage control. Simulation obtained results of the system are presented and analysed to improve the performance of the used correctors and show performances.


In the article adopting of management decisions is regarded as one of the main components of manager's activity. Background Technology of developing of readiness of future managers to adopting a management decisions is given. The author analyses the axiological aspect of the issues under investigation in detail.


A rotation sensor for detecting an angular position of a gear (1) of a magnetizable material having a plurality of gear teeth (1a) and a plurality of gear base (1f) which are arranged alternately on a circumference of the gear at equal intervals, and with side surfaces (1e) wherein each gear tooth (1a) has an outer peripheral edge (1b) and each gear base (1f) is formed along an inner base circle (B), and wherein the rotation sensor a biasing magnet (2) to generate a magnetic field in an axial direction on a side surface (1e) of the gear (1); a first magneto-resistive element (11), to generate a signal representing the angular position of the gear teeth (1a), said first magneto-resistive element (11) is positioned in a position in which the direction of the magnetic field according to the angular position of the gear teeth (1a) is changed; and having a signal processing circuit for processing the signal to detect the angular position of the gear (1), wherein the first ...


An arrangement is described by which a laser‐Doppler anemometer (LDA) can be used to measure velocity profiles quickly and inexpensively. Two mirrors are rotated simultaneously to achieve the traverse; all remaining equipment is held stationary. When the LDA and mirrors are properly arranged, the receiving optics remain focused on the scattering volume during a traverse.


The present invention relates to a visual function testing method and a visual function testing control device. The visual function testing device includes: a visual target image presentation unit that presents a visual target image; a visual target image rendering unit that renders the visual target image to be presented on the visual target image presentation unit; a visual function test item selection unit that selects a visual function test item; a visual target image generation unit that generates a visual target image corresponding to the test item selected by the visual function test item selection unit; a viewpoint distance input unit that inputs a distance between the visual target image presentation unit and a viewpoint of an observer; and a visual angle input unit that inputs an angle to be made by the visual target image and the viewpoint of the observer. Based on a viewpoint distance inputted by the viewpoint distance input unit and on a visual angle inputted by the visual angle input unit, the visual target image rendering unit calculates a display size and display position of a visual target image corresponding to a visual acuity or visual field test selected by the visual function test item selection unit, and renders the visual target image with the calculated display size at the calculated display position.


To investigate the role of preventing recurrance with double IDDS(Implantable Drug Delivery System)chemotherapy in patients with postoperative recurrence large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)From 1989 to 1996,76 cases were given adjuvant chemotherapy with double IDDS after HCC resection and 67 cases without chemotherapy postoperativelyThe 1,2,3 years recurrent rates in chemotherapy group were more than 10%,lower than those in control group[Conclusion]Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with double IDDS is an effective method to prevent recurrence in large HCC patients after hepatectomy


SDN 46 Membura Desa Cemba. The research questions are related to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of character education. This research is a qualitative descriptive study consisting of the planning stage, initial data collection, main data, and final data, as well as completion. The research subjects are principals, teachers, employees, students, parents, and residents around the school. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The validity of the data was obtained through the process of triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis was carried out through coding and categorizing data as well as data interpretation. The results showed that character education in the culture of SDN 46 Membura Desa Cemba Village, was implemented in the artifact layer as well as values and beliefs. The planning consists of establishing character values, namely religious, disciplined, national spirit, and appreciating achievement; programming; policy socialization; and condition planning. The implementation is through the provision of various program facilities designed to shape the character of students through habituation activities. In general, SDN 46 Membura Desa Cemba has achieved indicators of school success in implementing the four main character values and the value of caring for the environment which is the focus of implementation. Evaluation is carried out through monitoring and evaluation at the end of the semester with the instrument of violation notes and the results of monitoring observations. The evaluation aspects include planning, completeness of facilities, implementation, achievement of targets and comparison of conditions.


Oxygen delignification of Eucalyptus kraft pulp and their performance were studied in this paper, focusing on the effects of oxygen delignification on unscreened pulp, screened pulp and the pulp washing with filtrate, as well as conducted fiber analysis. The results showed that the best oxygen delignification process on Eucalyptus KP pulp as follows, the dose of alkali was 4.0%(relative to dry, as below), the time was 80 min, pulp consistency was 10%, the temperature was 100℃, the oxygen pressure was 0.5MPa, and 0.5% MgSO4 during the oxygen bleaching as a protecting agent for carbohydrates. Pulp obtained at this condition, the brightness was 54.48% ISO, viscosity was 688.5mL·g-1, Kappa number was 10.39. The pulp washing with filtrate and unscreened pulp were better than the screened pulp after oxygen delignification, the pulp washing with filtrate had the highest brightness, and the add rate of brightness was 18.3%, lignin removal rate and the yield of unscreened pulp were the highest, they were 47.3%, 96.7% respectively. These types of pulps were almost no difference in fiber length and the coarseness changed little after oxygen delignification.


The generation of RDF data has accelerated to the point where many data sets need to be partitioned across multiple machines in order to achieve reasonable performance when querying the data. Although tremendous progress has been made in the Semantic Web community for achieving high performance data management on a single node, current solutions that allow the data to be partitioned across multiple machines are highly inefficient. In this paper, we introduce a scalable RDF data management system that is up to three orders of magnitude more efficient than popular multi-node RDF data management systems. In so doing, we introduce techniques for (1) leveraging state-of-the-art single node RDF-store technology (2) partitioning the data across nodes in a manner that helps accelerate query processing through locality optimizations and (3) decomposing SPARQL queries into high performance fragments that take advantage of how data is partitioned in a cluster.


Teachers play a key role in the development of self-regulated learning (SRL), especially in primary education. However, current results indicate that teachers are either inadequately or only moderately fulfilling this key function, as they spend little time in the instruction of SRL strategies. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to develop an intervention that guides teachers to provide students with SRL strategies and investigate if additional teacher training (ATT) can enhance the intervention effects. Data of 607 fourth-graders were used to analyze their SRL within a pretest/posttest control-group design using a questionnaire and a learning diary. Contrasting the data of the groups actively participating in the intervention (simple intervention group and trained-teachers intervention group) with the data of a passive control group revealed positive effects of the intervention in terms of an increase in their reported use of SRL strategies (questionnaire and diary data). However, we found no transfer effects on achievement, as well as that the ATT had no beneficial effect on results at the student level. For fourth-graders, the developed intervention seems appropriate to impart SRL strategies to them. For teachers, it represents a potential opportunity to instruct SRL strategies to their students in their classes.


This study hypothesizes that parental style is related to drug use behaviour of adolescents. The data were obtained from a large prospective longitudinal research project on lifestyle and drug use in Oslo, Norway. The analyses are based on a sample of 846 adolescents, with an age span of 15-20 years. The parenting style was measured by means of a shortened version of Parenting Bonding Instrument, where the respondents assessed their perceptions of their parents' behaviour at the time they were growing up. The instrument measures two subdimensions labelled care and protection, which combine to four broad styles of parenting. Using canonical correlation analyses, it was found that the combination of a low level of caring and a high level of protection, conceptualized as `affectionless control', was associated with drug use among the adolescents. Similar patterns emerged from separate analyses of the father and the mother scales. These support the hypothesis that the parenting styles of the mother and father are related to their children's drug use.


In this paper,the form and character of LPG tank inactivation is introduced,the main causes resulting in inactivation are analyzed by using fault tree analysis and some prevention measures aimed at various kinds of inactivation forms are put forward.


Little is known about the effectiveness of available treatment options for methamphetamine (MA) abuse and dependence. This study aimed to measure improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) among MA users associated with different treatment options. Data are from 501 individuals (366 males and 135 females) recruited into the Methamphetamine Treatment Evaluation Study (MATES) who were aged 16 years and over. Participants completed the SF-12 Short Form questionnaire on entry to treatment (or to the study), and again 3 months (n = 404) and 12 months after starting treatment (n = 375). The SF-6D scoring algorithm was used to elicit single preference-based measures of HRQL from participants in the non-treated group (n = 101) and three treatment modalities: counselling (n = 40), residential rehabilitation (n = 248) and detoxification (n = 112), at baseline, 3 and 12 months post-treatment entry. There was complete data available at the three time points for 349 participants. The results indicate that b...


Ongoing research into performance modeling of Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixtures using meso mechanics approaches is being undertaken at Delft University of Technology (TUD). The approach has already been successfully employed for evaluating the long term performance of porous asphalt concrete. The work presented in this paper extends the use for predicting the uni-axial response of AC mixtures. The approach demands the meso-scale geometry, the loading and the mechanical behavior of the component materials for the AC mixture to be specified. For this purpose, laboratory tests were first carried out on a bituminous mortar. Then, rectangular AC mixture specimens were prepared in the laboratory. The four sides of the AC specimens were scanned to capture the two dimensional (2D) meso-scale geometry of the mixture. The scanned images were then processed and translated into meso-scale finite element models. Viscoelastic model parameters for the mortar were determined from experimental data. The FE models were then used to simulate the frequency domain response of the AC mixture in a uni-axial mode. Similarly, uni-axial tests were carried out in the laboratory to obtain the frequency domain response of the AC mixture. FE simulated and experimental results were then compared. Good agreements in results have been obtained. The paper thoroughly discusses the obtained results and its implications for developing mixture design tools.


The paper investigates the dynamic characteristics and control of robot systems involving combinations of parallel and serial mechanical structures, e.g. multiple manipulators and macro/micro-manipulators. A framework for the analysis and control of multiple manipulator systems with respect to the dynamic behavior of the manipulated object is developed. A multi-effector/object system is treated as an augmented object representing the total masses and inertias perceived at some operational point. This system is actuated by the total effector forces acting at that point. The allocation of forces is based on the minimization of the total joint actuator efforts. For serial structures, the effective inertial characteristics of a combined macro/micro-manipulator are shown to be dominated by the inertial characteristics of the micro-manipulator. A new approach for a dextrous dynamic coordination of such mechanisms based on treating the combined system as a single redundant manipulator while minimizing of the deviation from the neutral (mid-range) joint positions of the micro-manipulator is proposed.


The one-to-one connection between the eikonal phase and the ratio of the elastic and total cross section is shown. Based on new experimental data of Collaboration CDF we analyzed intercept and power of the logarithmic growth of the Born and total Pomeron amplitude.


SUBTITLE: CONCERNS ABOUT CANADIAN CONTROL OF MAJOR U.S. RAILROAD BEHIND REQUEST FOR MERGER DELAY. SIDEBARS: 'REJECT A DELAY.' -- DIGEST PAST MERGERS FIRST.


The push for a culture of evidence that guides improvement in higher-education has made outcome-based assessment a necessity. Furthermore, the recent move by ABET's CAC into more rigorous assessment has caused anxiety among faculty and administrators. Assessment leaders face various challenges including process design and implementation, faculty buy-in, and resources availability. This paper presents a bottom-up outcome-based assessment approach that facilitates faculty participation while simplifying the assessment and reporting processes. The proposed approach has been implemented and used for the successful accreditation of a computer science program, and can be easily adapted to any higher education program.


This paper describes the method as to generate the catalyst H4SiW12O40 - La2NO3/C by means of immersion to support H4SiW12O40 and Ia2NO3 onto the active carbon, then with the conversion of methyl alcohol into dimethl ether as probing reaction. Under observation of the influencing factors such as immersion solution density, immersion time, reaction temperature, feed sample numbers, the testing results have demonstrated that the catalystic activity is in the best situation under the conditions as the temperature is 280℃, immersion solution density is 16% of the immersion solution density and the immersion time is 6 hours. In the best testing conditions, the conversion rate 76.45% is obtained,and the dimethl other is 99.99% of selectivity.


Most of the blackout in an electric power system is due to problems that occur in the distribution system, so it is necessary to measure the reliability index. This analysis aims to evaluate the reliability of the Kikim redistribution system in the Juaro River parent garrison using the Section Technique method. THE result of the calculation obtained by SAIDI value 8.67 hours/year, SAIFI amounted to 2.954 times/year and CAIDI amounting to 2.93 hours/year. Based on the SPLN No. 59:1985, THE value of SAIDI is 21 hours/year, SAIFI amounted to 3.2 times/year and CAIDI of 6.56 hours/year. Kikim's refills meet PLN standards for SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI grades.
Keywords : Reliability, Section Technique, SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI


Objective To investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with amino acid parenteral nutrition for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with NSCLC were analyzed,who admitted from January 2009 to December 2011. The patients were divided into observation group and the control group depending on the method used, with 60 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with chemotherapy combined with amino acid parenteral nutrition, while the control group was treated with chemotherapy for treatment. The two groups were treated for two courses. The total efficiency, survival time, quality of life, toxicity, and serum inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups. Results In the observation group and the control group, the treatment efficiency was 75.00%, 60.00%, the survival rates of 6 months to 1 year and more than 1 year were 65.00% and 51.67%, 53.33% and 41.67%, the life quality improving effective rates were 80.00% and 60.00%, Ⅲ~Ⅳ°bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions occurred rates were 13.33% and 53.33%, 20.00% and 71.67%, CRP value≤12.5 μg/ml the percentages were 88.33%, 76.67%, and the content of TNF-α was (92.54±9.18) pg/ml, (82.05±10.17) pg/ml, respectively. The difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion Chemotherapy combined with amino acid parenteral nutrition is more efficient to treat NSCLC, which can reduce the inflammatory state of patients and improve the body's immune function, with longer patient survival, better quality of life, and lower level of toxicity,


Abstract The classical missing-cell estimate used in the randomized block design is unbiased but does not have minimum variance when one or both effects are random. The unweighted least squares estimate of the appropriate cell mean is also unbiased and has smaller variance than the usual missing-cell formula in both mixed and random randomized block designs. This is illustrated using the cell-means model.


Limit lines used to define quantitative probabilistic safety goals can be categorized according to whether they are based on discrete pairs of event sequences and associated probabilities, on probability density functions (pdf's), or on complementary cumulative density functions (CCDFs). In particular, the concept of the well-known Farmer's line and its subsequent reinterpretations is clarified. It is shown that Farmer's lines are pdf's and, therefore, the overall risk (defined as the expected value of the pdf) that they represent can be easily calculated. It is also shown that the area under Farmer's line is proportional to probability, while the areas under CCDFs are generally proportional to expected value.


by Alfonso Martinez Arias and Alison Stewart Oxford University Press (2002) 410 pages. ISBN 0-19-8792840 £28.99

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The transformation of an egg into a living organism is one of the most magical processes of biology. Over the past 20 years, the application of genetic and


It has been widely recognized that bone mineral density(BMD)is one of the best predictors of osteoporosis. Sex hormone status clearly affects bone either directly or indirectly. A longer estrogen exposure appears to be a major determinant of postmenopausal BMD and cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions that BMD might be used as a predictor factor of the risk of CVD. Therefore, the aim of the review was to examine the existing evidence on the association between BMD and risk of CVD, and to address the issue of a putative common pathogenic factor of estrogen deficiency.

Key words:
Bone mineral density; Cardiovascular disease; Atherosclerosis; Menopause; Estrogen


The design of advanced high‐energy‐density supercapacitors requires the design of unique materials that combine hierarchical nanoporous structures with high surface area to facilitate ion transport and excellent electrolyte permeability. Here, shape‐controlled 2D nanoporous carbon sheets (NPSs) with graphitic wall structure through the pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are developed. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the obtained NPSs are used as the electrode material for a supercapacitor. The carbon‐sheet‐based symmetric cell shows an ultrahigh Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)‐area‐normalized capacitance of 21.4 µF cm−2 (233 F g−1), exceeding other carbon‐based supercapacitors. The addition of potassium iodide as redox‐active species in a sulfuric acid (supporting electrolyte) leads to the ground‐breaking enhancement in the energy density up to 90 Wh kg−1, which is higher than commercial aqueous rechargeable batteries, maintaining its superior power density. Thus, the new material provides a double profits strategy such as battery‐level energy and capacitor‐level power density.


A method for quantifying the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) in the rat brain from 23Na-MR images was developed. TSC is known to change in a variety of common human diseases and holds considerable potential to contribute to their study; however, its accurate measurement in small laboratory animals has been hindered by the extremely low signal to noise ratio (SNR) in 23Na images. To address this, the design, construction and characterization of a double-tuned 1H/23Na dual resonator system for 1H-guided quantitative 23Na-MRI are described. This system comprises an SNR-optimized surface detector coil for 23Na image acquisition, and a volume resonator producing a highly homogeneous B1 field (<5% inhomogeneity) for the Na channel across the rat head. The resonators incorporated channel-independent balanced matching and tuning capabilities with active decoupling circuitry at the 23Na resonance frequency. A quantification accuracy of TSC of <10 mM was achieved in Na-images with 1.2 µl voxel resolution acquired in 10 min. The potential of the quantification technique was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment of a rat model of cerebral stroke, where the evolution of the TSC was successfully monitored for 8 h after the stroke was induced.


Theoretically, an ophthalmic lens should be free from the faults of chromatic aberration, curvature of field, distortion, annoying reflections from the surfaces and astigmatism of oblique pencils; but it is impossible to correct all these faults in a lens made of a single piece of glass. Clinically, however, it is known that chromatic aberration, distortion and curvature, in ordinary ophthalmic lenses, are not noticeable enough to cause discomfort to the wearer. Reflections from the surfaces are sometimes annoying but can usually be remedied by proper adjustment. The spherical aberration that must be corrected in a photographic lens in order to produce a clear image to the edge of the plate does not apply to an ophthalmic lens. A clear image out to the periphery of the retina, even if it were possible, could not be appreciated. The retinal image is distinctly seen only over an extremely small area at the


Being able to create your own work in today's industry is an increasingly necessary skill. It is no longer enough for the modern performing artist to be able to just act, sing, and dance. Jobs are few and far between and artists are constantly asked "what else" they do. In my thesis I explored writing, researching, directing, producing and performing my own piece of work.


We have developed a flexible ID cochlea model to test hypotheses and data against physical and mathematical constraints. The model is flexible in the sense that several linear and nonlinear model characteristics can be selected, and different boundary conditions can be tested. The software model runs at a reasonable speed at a modern PC. As an example, we will show the results of the model in comparison with the systematic study of the phase behavior (group delay) of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the guinea pig (S. Schneider, V. Prijs and R. Schoonhoven, [9]). We also will demonstrate the effects of some common non-physical boundary conditions. Finally, we briefly indicate that this model of the auditory periphery provides a superior front end for an ASR (automatic speech recognition)-system.


In a cooperative project with fifteen partners from nine European countries, in 2008, genebank material and current commercial varieties (323 cultivated and 17 wild accessions) were evaluated for traits related to quality in human consumption, mycotoxins and cold tolerance. The work is done in 10 work packages: 1) Project management and coordination; 2) Selection and multiplication of a project working collection; 3) Field experiments and sampling seeds for quality analysis; 4) Field experiments with artificial Fusarium inoculation; 5) Fusarium and mycotoxin analysis; 6) Analysis for protein – including Avenins, fat and minerals; 7) Analysis for dietary fibre and s-glucan; 8) Analysis for antioxidants, including Avenanthramides; 9) Analysis for cold tolerance; 10) Project documentation and internet portal. In Work package 3, "Field experiments and sampling seeds for quality analysis" were involved seven countries distributed all over Europe (Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Italy, Poland, Romania and Sweden). The activities from WP3 were coordinated by Romanian partner. Field experiments were laid out as augmented block designs with 11 standards (Argentina, Auteuil, Belinda, Evora, Genziana, Jaak, Krezus, Mina, Mures and Saul) in five replications. Plot size ranged, from 2.0m to 3.0m. The descriptors observed by all partners were: days to heading, days to maturity, crop height, lodging at immature stage, lodging at mature stage, panicle shape, occurrence of diseases, lemma colour, yield, seed weight and test weight, Harvest results (yield, seed weight, test weight, moisture) were put on line into a project information system (http://eadb.bafz.de/aveqprod/). All data will be made available with the end of the project in the European Avena Database (http://eadb.bafz.de) Acknowledgements: This project is funded by the European Commission, DG AGRI within the framework of council regulation 870/2004 and co-funded by Peter Kolln KGaA, Elmshorn, Germany, Emco spol. s. r. o., Prague, Czech Republic, and Gemeinschaft zur Forderung der privaten deutschen Pflanzenzuchtung e.V. (GFP), Bonn, Germany.


Passive surface waves generated from ambient noise (mainly vehicle traffic) are generally low frequency and can have wavelengths that reach tens to hundreds of meters. In this study orientated arrays are investigated in a noisy area, to test the sensitivity of their dispersion curves, when high and low amplitude signals are coming from different directions. Data with energy mainly from one direction are compared with data that has confirmed maximum energy from a similar direction, but additional noise energy coming from other angles. Even if a spread is orientated in the direction of maximum source energy and the energy is stacked over the optimal azimuth, background noise especially in the lower frequency ranges, induces a shift to a higher phase velocity on the phase -velocity frequency diagram and a deformation across the phase velocity. I'm a PhD student and I would like to be considered for the AGAP-Quality Award.


As the United States resumes debate over options for achieving universal health coverage, policymakers are once again examining insurance systems in other industrialized countries. More recent attention has focused on countries that combine universal coverage with private insurance and regulated market competition. Switzerland and the Netherlands, in particular, have drawn attention for their use of individual mandates combined with public oversight of insurance markets. This paper provides an overview of the Swiss and Dutch insurance systems, which embody some of the same concepts that have guided health reforms adopted in Massachusetts and considered by other states and by federal policymakers. The two systems have many features in common: an individual mandate, standardized basic benefits, a tightly regulated insurance market, and funding schemes that make coverage affordable for lowand middle-income families. Differences include degree of centralization, basis of competition among insurers, availability of managed care, and reliance on patient cost-sharing to influence care-seeking behavior. Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. This and other fund publications are available online at www.commonwealthfund.org. To learn more about new publications when they become available, visit the Fund's Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 1220.


Our experience and review of the literature reveal that Sjogren' syndrome (SS) is an important, poorly recognized cause of peripheral neuropathy. Several forms of peripheral nerve dysfunction occur in SS including trigeminal sensory neuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, distal sensory neuropathy, distal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and a pure sensory neuronopathy syndrome. Rarely, chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuropathy and multiple cranial neuropathies appear. Clinical evidence of glandular in volvement is often minimal or absent when patients with SS develop peripheral neuropathy; and the diagnosis of the underlying condition is elusive. We review clinical and laboratory features of this disorder and suggest appropriate evaluation of patients with neuropathy and suspected SS.


In tackling a subject like this there are some facts that we know for certain while there are others that are a matter for guesswork. In spite of this, I propose to take some risks and to state the position as I see it. In any case there are only a few things about this subject that are not matters for conjecture. In such cases one man's guess is frequently as good as another's and some of us may finish up by agreeing to differ. On the other hand there are quite a number of facts which will assist in making a fairly reliable guess. Guesses can be shots in the dark or they can be well informed ones. There should be enough well informed people present at this Conference to enable us after discussion to come to the position where most of the facts and the possibilities in connection with the industry's future have been examined.


Evidence strongly suggests that components of tobacco smoke induce changes in the pulmonary neuroendocrine system. In this study, potential receptor mediated cholinergic interactions with NEBs are postulated based on the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in nerve endings between the NEB cells. Aim was to explore the possible direct effects of cholinergic agonists on NEBs via Ca2+ imaging in a mouse lung slice model. NEBs were visualized by 4‐Di‐2‐ASP and Ca2+‐dependent activation by Fluo‐4. Application of high extracellular K+ (5s; 50mM) was used as a positive control for NEB activation and for the identification of Clara‐like cells, which cover NEBs and show a characteristic slightly delayed Ca2+ rise. Surprisingly, no rise in Fluo‐4 fluorescence could be detected in NEB cells after stimulation with 10–100μM nicotine, acetylcholine or carbachol. In Clara‐like cells, however, the cholinergic stimulation resulted in a clear Ca2+ rise.


Abstract. The validity of the use of the monoclonal antibodies Ki‐67 and anti‐BrdUrd to evaluate proliferative activity of human prostate tumour models was studied. Growth of the transplantable PC‐82 and PC‐EW prostate tumours, as assessed by tumour volume measurements, was significantly correlated with the proliferative activity as reflected by BrdUrd incorporation into DNA (r= 0.64 and r= 0.78, respectively). The proliferative activity of PC‐82 tumours detected by Ki‐67 antigen expression paralleled the pattern observed with BrdUrd (r= 0.51) and a significant correlation (r= 0.60) between the results obtained with both markers was found. In growing PC‐82 and PC‐EW tumours only small variations in the Ki‐67 and BrdUrd indices were observed. In contrast, Ki‐67 expression in regressing PC‐82 tumours varied considerably (2.7 ± 2.2%). The BrdUrd index in regressing PC‐32 tumours showed less variation (1.3 ± 0.2%), but part of the BrdUrd‐positive cells were found in the stromal (murine) part of the regressing tissue. It is concluded that the Ki‐67 and BrdUrd proliferation markers are reliable parameters to monitor changes in growth of prostate tumour lines, but that in slow growing or regressing tumours Ki‐67 and BrdUrd data should be interpreted with caution.


OBJECTIVE: Neurotransmission of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is thought to be disturbed in patients exhibiting impulsive behaviors. However, until recently it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in the brains of living humans. METHOD: Unidirectional trapping of the 5-HT precursor analog α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan (α-[11C]MTrp) has been proposed as an index of 5-HT synthesis capacity. The authors measured brain regional α-[11C]MTrp trapping with positron emission tomography in medication-free subjects with borderline personality disorder (N=13) and a healthy comparison group (N=11). Impulsivity was assessed by using a laboratory measure of behavioral disinhibition, go/no-go commission errors. RESULTS: Compared to healthy men, the men with borderline personality disorder had significantly lower α-[11C]MTrp trapping in corticostriatal sites, including the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and corpus striatum. In the women with borderline personali...


We reconsider in details the Dirac equation in the context of the Magueijo–Smolin approach to the Doubly Special Relativity. Starting from the deformed dispersion relation we focus on obtaining a Dirac equation in momentum space, allowing us to achieve a more in-depth study of its semiclassical approach. Finally by means of a "deformed correspondence principle" we gain access to an equation in the position space.


ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the direct effect of social capital factors and organizational culture on the performance of medical personnel in hospitals Talaud Islands. The population in this study is the Civil Servants (PNS) in Talaud Islands who served in hospitals Talaud Islands. Sampling technique in this study is proportional sampling with a sample size of 100 people. In the data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), using AMOS program (Analysis of Moment Structure) 20. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a multivariate analysis technique that was developed to cover the limitations that are owned by the previous analytical models that have been widely used in statistical research. Stuctural equation model (SEM) can be seen as a combination of factor analysis, path analysis, and regression. The results indicate that (1) Social Capital and significant positive effect on the performance of medical personnel in hospitals Talaud Islands (2) Organizational culture positive and significant impact on the performance of medical personnel in hospitals Talaud Islands. Keywords : Social capital, Organization Culture, Performance


INTIODUCTION For achieving high performance VLSI's in logic and memory applications, CMOS becomes the dominant technology due to its high speed operation and low power dissipation. However, since (100) wafer is used from a view point of NMOSFET's characteristics, conventional planar technologies give rise to loss of balance between electron and hole mobility. This unbalance results in large PMOS device size for designing optimum circuits, which naturally increases parasitic capacitances such as junction capacitance and gate capacitance. As a result, obtained CMOS operation speed is lower than expected. (110) Si surface is thus more preferable for PMOSFET's due to the highest hole mobility. However, it degrades NMOS reliability, which is highest on (100) surface orientation [1]. Therefore, it is most desirable to utilize optimum Si surface orientation for NMOSFET's and PMOSFET's individually on the same substrate. In this paper, a 3-dimensional CMOS (3D CMOS) structure has been proposed. In this structure, PMOSFET's are fabricated on a (110) surface obtained by a trench sidewall formed on a (100) Si substrate, while NMOSFET's are fabricated on the (100) substrate as usual. Therefore, the highest hole mobility is obtained for PMOSFET's, maintaining high NMOS reliability. Based upon this technology, the 3D CMOS was fabricated and its device performance was characterized.


Background: Concern about the possibility of spontaneous miscarriage is one of the most common reasons women seek evaluation in the emergency department during their first trimester. According to the obstetrics and gynecology literature, it is estimated that 20% to 25% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in spontaneous miscarriage. The objective of the study is to examine with whether viable early pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage exhibit evidence of first-trimester growth restriction. The prospective cohort study design used for this purpose with setting of Antenatal clinic of a teaching hospital. Women attending the clinic between 5 and 10 weeks of gestation took part in the study. Methods: Women with spontaneously conceived intrauterine, viable singleton pregnancies with certain last menstrual period and regular cycles were included. The deviation between the observed and expected crown-rump length (CRL) for gestation was calculated and expressed as a z-score. Pregnancies were followed up until 11-14 weeks, and the deviation between those that remained viable and miscarried subsequently was calculated. Viability at 11-14 weeks was measured. Results: Over 12 months, 320 women met the inclusion criteria. Twenty women were excluded. Of the remaining 300, the pregnancy remained viable in 248 (82.6%) and 52 (17.4%) suffered a miscarriage. At the first transvaginal ultrasound, the z score of the mean measured CRL for pregnancies that remained viable was -0.69 while in pregnancies that subsequently miscarried the z-score was -2.95 and the CRL was significantly smaller (P < 0.048). In the latter group, the initial CRL was below the expected mean for gestational age in all women. Conclusions: CRL was significantly smaller in pregnancies that subsequently ended in miscarriage. This suggests that early first trimester growth restriction is associated with subsequent intrauterine death.


Magnesium–sulfur batteries promise a higher theoretical volumetric energy density, improved safety, and lower cost compared to lithium–sulfur batteries. However, Mg–S batteries suffer from poor cycle life and low energy efficiency. Here, it is revealed that Mg–S reactions are dominated by "solid–solid" reactions due to much lower polysulfide solubility in the presence of Mg2+ compared to that of Li+ in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME)‐based electrolyte, leading to sluggish kinetics and poor reversibility. The polysulfide solubility is increased by using high‐donor‐number solvents (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), which increases the discharge capacity from 660 to ≈1500 mAh g−1 and decreases the sulfur overpotential from >600 to ≈200 mV at 0.1 C (energy efficiency over 90%). Based on this strategy, an Mg–S cathode with DMSO‐based electrolyte demonstrates a reversible capacity of 700 mAh g−1 at 0.4 C over 300 cycles. This work reveals a reaction limitation of Mg–S batteries and provides critical insights into the electrolyte design for high‐energy and reversible Mg–S batteries.


The public library, a fundamental institution for social transformation, has an obligation to civic education through access to information, dissemination of scientific knowledge, participation in various cultural events and the formation of critical and independent readers. The so-called reading promotion is one of the most established strategies with which the library assumes the task of reading education. In this sense, it is necessary to investigate, characterize, and further develop the reading and writing practices that are generated in their educational environments.


Moral belief is in the upper of the moral structure,and it rules the moral direction and controls the choice of values as the core of spirit which has deep cultural connotation.One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of contemporary moral education is that we lack the moral belief.In the cultural vision,one way out for the contemporary moral education is to reconstruct the moral belief,and to seek deep-seated cultural roots.It is concluded that an essential approach to reconstructing the belief is to foster a scientific ration,an open ration and a limited ration and to establish a scientific concept of culture.


Today the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics are still solved using the finite-difference time-domain method, because of the relative simplicity of the method. In order to solve these equations on an infinite domain, absorbing boundary conditions need to be imposed. We consider Maxwell's equations discretized in space only (using the Yee scheme) with a PML on the boundary to absorb outgoing waves. To solve the resulting system of ODEs we use exponential time integration. Because we solve the Maxwell equations in 3D, direct sparse linear solvers are not efficient for these systems. Therefore we have to use preconditioned iterative solvers based on the Krylov subspace methods. These methods require a solution of a linear system with shifted Maxwell operator. In this work we compare the accuracy and speed (in terms of computation time) of different splitting-based predontitioners of the discretized Maxwell operator for several interesting test cases.


New engineering has some new features such as new educational concepts, crossing disciplines and industry-university cooperation and education, and is closely related to the new generation of information technology. This paper discusses the construction of new engineering and the new educational concepts, new features, new models and new methods of talent training, explores the need of information talent training, the crossing innovation of specialties, the model reform of talent training and the construction of education system, and puts forward some viewpoints and suggestions on the role of information disciplines in the construction of new engineering.


One of the key issues in enabling fast and reliable deployment of space systems is structural qualification before launch. The current qualification process is rather long and may span many months. It is envisioned that structural health monitoring (SHM) could assist with verification of structural assembly during pre-launch procedures and enable diagnosis of satellite components. The proposed satellite SHM system utilizes active sensors to launch and receive elastic waves carrying elasticity information about the structural material. Sensor signatures are analyzed for variation of the elastic behavior due to damage. Satellite structural components typically feature complex geometries involving isogrids and bolted joints. Simple representations of complex structures are studied first, followed by investigation of elastic wave propagation in a realistic satellite panel. The sensor network approach is utilized to detect and locate structural damage. The acousto-elastic method is implemented for diagnosis of bolted joints in the satellite panel. Sensitivity of the method is explored for various damage scenarios and a practical damage detection algorithm is suggested. It is shown that the acousto-elastic method allows for assessment of the structural integrity of complex structural elements with bolted joints.


Overview of combination of pulsed laser deposition method (PLD) with additional discharges or deposition techniques is given. Improvement of properties of thin films created by such hybrid PLD technology is mentioned. Our experimental arrangements and results of PLD combined with various configurations of radiofrequency and hollow cathode discharges, and with supersonic plasma jet, are also presented.


ABSTRACT A greater understanding of the mechanisms underpinning motivation for team sport during adolescence, a period when search for identity intensifies, is necessary to promote sport involvement amidst declining rates of participation. This study explored factors underpinning Irish adolescents' motivation to participate in team sport. Six gender-specific focus-group discussions were conducted with 40 athletes (21 males and 19 females) aged 11 to 16 years from three Gaelic sport community clubs in Dublin, Ireland. Thematic analysis revealed four themes that underpinned adolescents' team sport motivation: 'Desire for Competence', 'Opportunity to Experience Relatedness', 'Transformational Leadership Style', and 'Gendered Expectations and Identity'. The first two themes, 'Desire for Competence', and 'Opportunity to Experience Relatedness', reflected the basic needs participants perceived as crucial to their sport motivation. The sport team context facilitated opportunities for identity formation through perceptions of belongingness with other team members, which was a key driver of youth sport participation. The third theme, 'Transformational Leadership Style' represented a key mechanism through which these basic needs were facilitated. The final theme 'Gendered Expectations and Identity' exposed a gendered lens through which motivation can be understood in the Irish adolescent team sport context. Identification with a sports team may be particularly important to enable girls to establish gender role expectations that incorporate athleticism. In this manner, teammates can contribute to healthy identity development, a central task of the young person's development. Drawing on self-determination theory and identity theory, the findings extend our understanding of the way in which social processes influence adolescents' distinct motivations to participate in team sport.


Abstract This study was conducted to investigate and compare the breakfast habits of workers (189 males and 182 females) and college students (217 males and 225 females) living in Gyeongnam (Masan, Jinhae, Changwon) based upon gender in each group. Most college students were in their twenties and not married while workers were in their twenties, thirties, and forties. Age distribution was even and 58,0% of them were married. Exactly 77% of the subjects were middle class, and 35.1% answered that their monthly allowances were less than 200,000 won. Exactly 36.5% of the subjects had breakfast regularly, and workers had breakfast more regularly than college students (p<.05). Subjects chose lack of time as their biggest reason for skipping breakfast (41.7%), and workers better understood that having breakfast is important (p<.001). Exactly 62.7% of the subjects displayed symptoms of skipping breakfast, with college students more frequently susceptible than workers (p<.001). Subjects' most frequent symptom was decreased concentration (40.6%). Exactly 67.0% of the subjects ate bap, guk, and mitbanchan as breakfast; the ratio was higher for college students' compared to workers and female students compared to male students. When preparing breakfast, 35.3% of the subjects considered digestible food first. Exactly 54.7% of the subj ects preferred bap for breakfast, and college students preferred it more than the workers. Subjects ate kimbap the most when eating breakfast outside of the home; 62.1% of them emphasized convenience and 36.7% answered 2,100-3,000 won is proper price.


This is a retrospective analysis of 157 subfertile patients with mild endometriosis confirmed at laparoscopy. 80.3% of them were Chinese and the Malays and Indians accounted for 8.9% and 8.3% of the cases respectively. Most of the patients were in the 25–29 patients year old age group and their mean duration of subfertility was 4.3 years.

Ninety-five patients were treated by either conservative surgery or medical therapy with norethisterone or danazol. The pregnancy rate' was 29.5%. 82% of these pregnancies occurred within 18 months after completion of treatment. 62 patients were not treated. The pregnancy rate was 38.7% and all of them conceived within 18 months from confirmation of diagnosis. Although the untreated group had more pregnancies, the difference was not statistically significant.

The authors propose that subfertile patients with mild endometriosis should not be treated but followed up for 18 months. Those who fail to conceive after this period may then be treated.


Seven non-anthletes [21 26 yrs] and five athletes [23 29 yrs] have participated in the study of cardiovascular and metabolic responses to 15 minutes isometric leg exercise at 15% of each of their maximal voluntary contraction force [MVC]. Oxygen consumption [V02 ]. heart rate [HR] and blood pressure (BP]. were measured during resting. exercise and recovery! periods. The results show that there were a significant increase in V0 2• HR and BP of the two groups studied during exercise, but no significant difference between groups has been found. This study indicates that although cardiovascular response between the rwo groups was not significantly different, 15 minutes isometric leg exercise at 15% MVC has challenged this system in a such a Il'ay to ji/(till the metabolic requirement of the working muscle ill both groups. This finding was discussed in light of the available literatures.


Contents Introduction * Shall We Gather at the River * Rosh Chodesh Dance at the Summer Solstice * Section I: Laying the Groundwork * Women and Spirit: Two Nonfits in Psychology * Psychological Implications of Women's Spiritual Health * Feminist Metanoia and Soul-Making * Letter to a Friend: A Reflection on Connectedness and Naming * Section II: Theoretical Challenges * There Is a Balm in Gilead: Black Women and the Black Church as Agents of a Therapeutic Community * Social and Spiritual Reconstruction of Self Within a Feminist Jewish Community * Identity, Recovery, and Religious Imperialism: Native American Women and the New Age * Altared States: Lesbian Altarmaking and the Transformation of Self * Liberating the Amazon: Feminism and the Martial Arts * Feminist Wicca: Paths to Empowerment * Section III: Living It Out * Women's Spirituality and Healing in Germany * A Search for Spirituality: A Mother and Daughter Story * Mother Mary Ann Wright: African-American Women, Spirituality, and Social Activism * A Class That Changes Lives * Women's Empowerment Through Feminist Rituals * Re-Membering Spirituality: Use of Sacred Ritual in Psychotherapy * Explorations of the Unrecognized Spirituality of Women's Communion * Reference Notes Included


Based on embedded Linux and MiniGUI,the scheme for public e-mail system is proposed.This scheme the characteristics of gently coupling,easily expanding and portability,and could be implemented through specific means.This research could provide necessary technical support and design experience for development of the public e-mail system and for improvement of its security,and is also an important reference for the development of other embedded software.


Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy allows one to measure the force between a sharp tip and a sample and, ultimately, the force between two single atoms with outstanding precision. To extract forces from the measured frequency shifts, a deconvolution algorithm is required. Mathematically, the deconvolution problem is an inversion problem. It has been shown that deconvolution can be ill-posed, resulting in erroneous forces values. Whether the deconvolution is well-posed or ill-posed is determined by two factors: the shape of the force–distance curve and the oscillation amplitude used for the measurement. Recently, a test was proposed by Sader et al. [Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1088 (2018)] to determine whether a given deconvolution is well-posed for a specific amplitude. Here, we experimentally validate this test by means of two experimental situations measured with a set of different amplitudes: force–distance spectra over a single carbon monoxide molecule as well as over a Fe trimer on Cu(111). We verify the validity of the test by showing that for a given experimental situation, a specific amplitude may result in a well-posed deconvolution while a different amplitude might result in an ill-posed result. Furthermore, we comment on typical pitfalls that are caused by the discrete nature of experimental data and provide MATLAB code that can be used by everyone to perform this test with their own data.


PURPOSE: A base material bonding method and an image display apparatus manufacturing method are provided to restrain the bending by arranging the bonding material between the base materials which have difference in thermal expansion coefficient. CONSTITUTION: A first substrate(12) comprises a plurality of electron emission elements. A second substrate(13) is positioned being opposed to the first substrate. A second substrate comprises the fluorescence film displaying the image according to the emission of the electronics emitted by the electron emission element. A frame part(14) is located between the first substrate and the second substrate.


Predictive maintenance management plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliable operation of equipment in industry. While continuous monitoring technology is available today, equipment without sensors limits continuous equipment state data recording. Predictive maintenance has been effectively carried out using artificial intelligence algorithms for datasets with sufficient data. However, replicating these results with limited data is challenging. This work proposes the use of time series models to implement predictive maintenance in the equipment of an automotive assembly company with few records available. For this purpose, three models are explored—Holt–Winters Exponential Smoothing (HWES), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA)—to determine the most accurate forecasting of future equipment downtime and advocate the use of SAP PM for effective maintenance process management. The data were obtained from five equipment families from January 2020 to December 2022, representing 36 registers for each piece of equipment. After data fitting and forecasting, the results indicate that the SARIMA model best fits seasonal characteristics, and the forecasting offers valuable information to help in decision-making to avoid equipment downtime, despite having the highest error. The results were less favorable when handling datasets with random components, requiring model recalibration for short-term forecasting.


Changes in the pharmaceutical L-adrenaline-D-hydrogentartrate, incorporated in KBr matrices, induced by a pulsed carbon-dioxide Transversely Excited Atmospheric (TEA) laser, were observed. Modifications of the sample were monitored via infrared spectra. Special attention was devoted to the dependence of the sample changes on the laser energy density used. The irradiation of the pharmaceutical has been performed with two laser lines at wavelengths of about 10.6 µm. The laser lines coincide well with the absorption band of the pharmaceutical, which is assigned to the ring vibrations/out-of-plane OH deformation vibrations, within the carboxyl (COOH) group of L-adrenaline-D-hydrogentartrate. Laser energy densities of 1.20 and 1.70 J/cm2 modified the pharmaceutical/compound. It was found that this modification is in essence a thermal effect. The level of change showed a dependence on the laser energy density, number of accumulated laser pulses and temporal shape of the pulse.


This study is related to the university-enterprise cooperation project and based on the two-level computer controlling system of double stand reciprocating furnace rolling-casting machine.The study is focused on hydraulic automatic gauge control(AGC)and mathematic model of the rolling machine.The measures for improve productivity of casting machine has been analyzed and already put into use in production practice.


Parks mode has become one of important paths for the nation and regions to cultivate strategic industry and obtain competitive advantage after the entrance to WTO. They have also become the breakthrough point and handhold for the nation and regions to pursuit rapid economic development and upgrade industries. The park mode has characteristics,like regional convergence,knowledge compression,investment risk,development innovation and so on. It analyzes the development situation of various kinds of economic development park,like science and education park (new high tech park),industry park (economic and technical park),and trade park (tax free park),and probes into the development trend of all park modes under the new situation.


- An electromagnetic (EM) energy harvesting application based on metamaterial absorber (MA) is introduced and discussed in this paper. This application is operating at ISM band (2.40 GHz) which is especially chosen due to its wide usage area. Square ring resonator (SRR) which has two gaps and resistors across the gaps on it is used. Chips resistors are used to deliver power to any active component. Transmission and reflection characteristics of metamaterial absorber (MA) for energy harvesting application are investigated. 83.6% efficient for energy harvesting application is realized in this study.


Anthropogenic disturbance has been shown to have negative impacts on the recovery of endangered or rare species. Specific recovery objectives for Salix jejuna, an endangered prostrate shrub endemic to the globally rare limestone barrens habitat of Newfoundland (Canada), include assessing the population dynamics of natural populations, understanding limiting factors, defining threats and mitigating controllable threats where possible. As a large portion of S. jejuna's habitat has been anthropogenically-disturbed, understanding the effects of disturbance on species persistence are central to promoting species recovery. -- An assessment of habitat features revealed that anthropogenically-disturbed substrates were more homogeneous than undisturbed, natural substrates, with more gravel, less exposed bedrock, decreased soil moisture, and increased nutrient content. Populations resident on anthropogenically-disturbed habitats tended towards a more "annual" dynamic, with a greater proportion of seedlings, lower levels of clonal growth, and a younger median age compared with populations on naturally-disturbed substrates. Therefore, specific recovery plans for S. jejuna should include the elimination of continual disturbances such as off-road vehicle use and the active restoration of disturbed habitat to restore natural ecosystem processes, to reflect adjacent undisturbed natural habitat, and to promote the clonal reproductive traits of natural populations.


The paper presents a multilevel cascaded H-bridge 5-level converter with boosting capability. Standard solution for boosting voltage in power electronic devices is utilization of a dc-dc converter with a bulky inductor. However, inductor is a problematic component of a power electronic converter because usually it needs to be individually designed and produced for every device and also because its size and weight not allow for compact construction. The novelty of the presented paper lies in application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) instead of conventional PWM methods. Simulation experiments show that presented converter can boost output voltage and keep the capacitors voltage balanced.


Using a SQUID‐based second‐order gradiometer, we have measured the thermal magnetic noise generated by a thick aluminum plate and an eddy current shielded room used for biomagnetic measurements. The measured noise agrees with the theoretical prediction for the thermal noise fields generated by infinite conducting slabs. The noise is substantial near the walls of the shielded room, but is predicted to be less than 0.02 fT/√Hz at 1 Hz at the center of the room. This is too small to influence the biomagnetic measurements usually taken at this location.


In this paper we discuss the Value–at–Risk concept and we analyse the market risk by using EWMA approach. EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) forecasting technique is a popular measure of various risks in financial risk management. We will compare standard EWMA, robust EWMA and skewed EWMA forecast of VaR. JP Morgan standard EWMA is derived from Gaussian distribution. Robust EWMA is based on Laplace distribution and skewed EWMA is a new approach derived from an asymmetric Laplace distribution. Asymmetric Laplace distribution takes into account both skewness and heavy tails in return distribution and the time varying nature of them in practice. Skewed EWMA VaR is a generalization of the standard EWMA method. Using these approaches we will analyse selected financial series (three European market indexes and one exchange rate). We have found and confirmed that skewed EWMA forecasting of VaR outperforms the standard EWMA method.


Background Life expectancy (LE) improvements have stalled, and UK tax and welfare 'reforms' have been proposed as a cause. We estimated the effects of tax and welfare reforms from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 on LE and inequalities in LE in Scotland. Methods We applied a published estimate of the cumulative income impact of the reforms to the households within Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles. We estimated the impact on LE by applying a rate ratio for the impact of income on mortality rates (by age group, sex and SIMD quintile) and calculating the difference between inflation-only changes in benefits and the reforms. Results We estimated that changes to household income resulting from the reforms would result in an additional 1041 (+3.7%) female deaths and 1013 (+3.8%) male deaths. These deaths represent an estimated reduction of female LE from 81.6 years to 81.2 years (−20 weeks), and male LE from 77.6 years to 77.2 years (−23 weeks). Cuts to benefits and tax credits were modelled to have the most detrimental impact on LE, and these were estimated to be most severe in the most deprived areas. The modelled impact on inequalities in LE was widening of the gap between the most and least deprived 20% of areas by a further 21 weeks for females and 23 weeks for males. Interpretation This study provides further evidence that austerity, in the form of cuts to social security benefits, is likely to be an important cause of stalled LE across the UK.


In this paper, the construction, and operation of a locally design cold plasma reactor are described. The anode diameter effect is studied in three inner diameters 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. This effect on the discharge and plasma characteristics is studied using oxygen and argon gases. It was found that the optimum diameter is 10 mm. Moreover, the plasma density and temperature are investigated using a cylindrical Langmuir probe at the optimum diameter. It is found that the electron temperature reaches 1.6 eV and the electron density reaches 2.3x108 cm−3 in the case of oxygen gas. On the other hand the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis are used for chractrized the manganese cobalt doped ferrite (Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4) nanoparticles sample before and after oxygen plasma irradiation. The obtained results showed that cold plasma reactor is constructed with high efficiency to meet the required applications such as surface modification, plasma deposition and etching.


Aims: A retrospective study was done to examine the rate of failure. Methods: The most recent evaluation consisted of a medical papers and a radiographic examination. Between 1992 and 2000 in general orthopaedic unit 222 patients with an acute femoral neck fracture were managed by 180 primary prosthetic replacements and 42 cannulated screws internal fixations (25 percutaneosly and 17 open technique). The patients treated with cannulated screws had a mean age of 63,5 years (range,42 to 88 years) at the time of operation and were followed-up on average for 42 months (range, 12 to 102 months). There were 13 type B1 and 29 type B3 according to AO classification system. Results: Four patients had died early postoperatively (less than 6 months). Femoral neck fracture healed in 24 patients (57%). Osteonecrosis developed in 5 patients (12%). Redisplacement of the fracture and non-union were found in 16 patients (38%). Revision operation was done in 13 patients (10 total arthroplasties, 2 hemiar-throplasties and 1 corrective osteotomy). Conclusions: An acute subcapital desplaced fracture of the femoral neck still remains the so-colled "Unsolved fracture".


The monitoring heart rate by vibration sensor based on self-mixing interferometry (SMI) had been done. Experimental schemes and the performance of vibration sensor based on SMI as a function of frequency and amplitude of human heart rate signals had been examined. The vibration sensor consists of a laser diode as a light source (λ = 785 nm) with integrated detector, a mirror as a vibrating target, and a simulated heart signal from ECG generator. ECG generator signals and audio amplifier are adjusted in frequencies of 1-100 kHz. The result showed that the feedback parameter of SMI signal could be identified at frequency 50 Hz. The heart signal was shown clearly at frequency 100 kHz.


The radio occultation (RO) sounding technique that uses signals transmitted by the Global Positioning System (GPS) has evolved as an important global observing technology. In this paper, we compare RO refractivity profiles from the CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) satellite mission with those calculated from radiosonde soundings over five geographical areas, each of which uses a different type of radiosonde. CHAMP RO soundings that occur within 2 hours and 300 km of radiosonde soundings are used during the period from June 2001 through March 2004. The comparison was made between the altitudes of 5–25 km, where RO soundings are most accurate. These results indicate that the RO soundings are of sufficiently high accuracy to differentiate performance of various types of radiosonde. The differences in performance among various types of radiosonde present a challenge for climate analysis. In this regard, RO is a considerably more robust measurement technique for climate monitoring.


The blow molding process offers the possibility of reproducible, fully automatic and therefore cost-efficient mass production of complex hollow bodies. Due to the poor mechanical properties of uncured rubber, it has not yet been used for the manufacturing of elastomeric hollow parts. In this contribution, it is shown that with a defined pre-cross-linking of solid silicone rubber the blow molding of the material is possible. With pre-cross-linking the mechanical material properties can be adjusted precisely. This allows parison extrusion without strong drawdown. During the forming, it provides the necessary elasticity while maintaining the weldability and formability of the material. But pre-crosslinking also influences the materials rheological properties. Preliminary investigations showed pre-crosslinking has to take place in the blowing head bevor the material leaves the die. Therefore, changes in rheological material behavior are investigated and considered for the flow channel design. It is shown that the pre-cross-linking allows the blow molding of elastomeric hollow bodies with a surface stretch ratio of 3.6 to 1. However, precross-linking can also lead to flow instabilities such as wall slippage and melt fracture.


Abstract : The Ohio State University International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy is one of the longest running and most successful scientific conferences in the United States today. It plays a unique role in the educational development of large number of graduate students in the physical sciences. The Conferences subject area underlies many items of direct interest to ARO, such as interactions of electromagnetic radiation with molecules, characterization and quantification of low-level molecular concentrations, such as contaminants, pollutants, reactive intermediates in combustion, etc. jg


We investigate the effect of allowing freedom in the primordial power spectrum of curvature perturbations upon the measurement of other cosmological parameters, in particular the Thomson optical depth due to cosmic reionisation which is present in cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. We find that the constraint on the optical depth from Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data broadens by approximately 10% upon allowing spectral freedom on large scales, and by a slightly larger factor when considering data from future experiments with lower noise in measurements of CMB polarisation. We also present a reconstruction of the primordial power spectrum on the largest scales from WMAP, which is jointly obtained from this analysis.


Objective:To increase the success rate of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery live broadcast by careful design and well-organized implementation in large medical meetings.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the experience of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery live broadcast,including digestive,gynecologic,urologic and general surgical operations,from fifteen large-scale national and international conferences in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2012.After communicated with doctors and fully understood patient illness,we analyzed the characteristics,requirements and the forms of the meetings while making emergency measures for the live broadcast,then careful designed procedure for the meeting and next well- organized implementation of our plans.Results:All the endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery live broadcasts were successful.The audio and visual transmission system worked well during the meetings.There was no image interruption occurred in the live broadcast.Conclusion:Careful laparoscopic surgery live broadcast,which is a good method for endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery technique.Our experience of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery live broadcast it has development application value.


Objective:To establish the experimental animal model of focal cerebral ischemia infarction,and to observe the intervening effect of ginseng ligustrazine injection on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods:Model rats of cerebral ischemia were prepared by electionic solidified the middle cerebral artery,and were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group,model group,nimodipine group,ligustrazine group and ginseng ligustrazine group.The neurologic function,area of necrosis,changes of ultrastrcuture of ischemia area were evaluated.Results:Ginseng ligustrazine injection reduced the neurological deficits,brain-infracted areas and improved the ultrastructure of brain.The effects were better than nimodipine and ligustrazine group.Conclusion: Ginseng ligustrazine injection can protect from cerebral ischemia injury in rats.


be identified with certainty in the two stars. Of these seven are enhanced lines of iron, four of titanium, one of chromium, and one the strong arc line X 4529 of iron. The average displacement of these lines is — 11.8 angstroms in Nova Geminorum, and — 23.6 in Nova Aquilae on June 12 th. About 40 lines common to the spectra of these two stars have been identified in the region between Hô and H/3, a large proportion of them being enhanced fines.


We analyse the effects of children on union formation in Sweden. We compare men and women and examine the effects of own parenthood on men's and women's likelihood of entering a union with a partner who does or does not have co-resident children, controlling for other family and personal characteristics. Women, but not men, have increased their likelihood of entering unions with children, despite the greater increase in the numbers of such potential partners for men, and the avoidance of such unions by the highly educated of both sexes