Cosmetics are not the only providers of Beauty. Beauty can be boosted and enhanced through various treatments which give a new dimension to beauty. The Spas, have become the new age beauty service providers. The fastest-growing segment of the beauty industry is day spas. Spa services include those services provided by beauty salons as well as beauty and therapeutic body treatments. Earlier the consumers of beauty products as well as services were limited. In modern times, there is a growing awareness among all and people are also benefiting from these services.


To the Editor, Choriocarcinoma is a rare germ cell tumor that shows abnormally high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and often originates from the uterus during the perinatal period. Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare form of cancer, with only nearly 60 cases reported so far and with no established standard treatment. Pathologically, it is characterized by multinucleated, hCG‐producing syncytiotrophoblasts. In this report, we experienced a valuable case of choriocarcinoma, which was primarily thought to be a form of lung cancer. Additionally, we performed genetic mutation analysis using clinical cancer genome sequencing. A 40‐year‐old asymptomatic woman came in with no complaints. She was a 16‐year smoker who usually consumes 18 cigarettes per day (Brinkman index 288) as well as an occasional drinker with no history of medication intake or food allergy. She had no history of pregnancy or childbirth. Six months before surgery, she was noted to have a nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung upon examination. She was then admitted to the thoracic surgery department of our hospital. Blood tests were normal; tumor markers were also normal. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography were performed 2 months before surgery. They showed a 22 × 22 × 22mm, irregularly marginated mass (Figure 1b; SUVmax, 1.47) in the right lower lobe of the lung peripheral to S6 with pleural depression and bronchiectasis (Figures 1a and S1a). On the caudal mediastinal side, there are approximately two continuous but seemingly separate nodular structures with a relatively round shape. There was an increase in size over time from 6 months. No other nodules or abnormal shadows were observed in the lungs. No enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes and pleural effusion were observed. Abdominal CT, brain MRI, and bone scintillation showed no distant metastasis. Clinically, she was highly suspected of having a primary lung tumor. Right lower lung lobectomy was performed by the surgeon at our hospital. After the pathological diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, the patient received gynecological examination. It showed no abnormal findings in the uterine cavity and no obvious findings suggestive of primary trophoblastic disease of the uterus were noted. Additionally, serum free hCG was 0.1mIU/mL. Because of its rarity, the patient underwent clinical cancer genome sequencing (sent to and analyzed by Foundation One CDx). The test results are presented in Table S1. Microsatellite instability was not detected, and tumor mutation burden was low. Notably, an epidermal growth factor (EGFR) V774M mutation (activating mutation) was found on Exon20, which was the driver mutation. Postoperative chemotherapy was not performed, and the patient is now under outpatient observation. In pathological examination, grossly, there was a 17 × 14mm, multinodular fused mass in the lung close to the visceral pleura (Figure 1b). There was a mixture of whitish, brownish, and yellowish areas on the circumferential surface. Histologically, the carcinoma comprised of atypical epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in a plump to glandular pattern (Figure 1c–e). Cancer cells are often syncytial, with multinucleated or bizarre nuclei. Cancer tissue is associated with necrosis and hemorrhage (Figure 1e). Immunostaining showed a strong expression of β‐hCG (Figure 1f) and was positive for Glypican‐3 in the syncytial cells. Furthermore, p40 markers were positive for epithelial cells (Figure S1b) but negative for syncytial cells. Tumor cells were negative for TTF‐1 (Figure S1c), Napsin A, CK5/6, AFP, and SALL4. These were the findings of choriocarcinomas. No lymph node metastasis was noted. Since no evidence of perinatal‐related choriocarcinoma could be obtained from obstetric and gynecological examinations or systemic inspection, we concluded that this was a primary lung cancer pT1b (invasion 1.7 cm) N0M0:pStageIA2 (UICC 8th edition). The origin of choriocarcinoma can be divided into three theories: gestational, primitive embryonic, and differentiation from adenocarcinoma, including fetal type. In the gestational theory, choriocarcinoma originates from pregnancy or from a complete hydatidiform mole and is usually associated with genital bleeding, abnormally high levels of hCG, and pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis in most of the patients. However, the primary tumor regresses and disappears; only the lung metastases


The utility model discloses an LED projection lamp with an adjustable spotlight range, which comprises a lamp and a plurality of light emitting diodes. A guiding barrel, a sliding seat, a light shading barrel and a fixed base are disposed in the lamp, the guiding barrel is mounted on the sliding seat, the light shading barrel is mounted on the fixed base, the guiding barrel and the light shading barrel are in movable splicing fit, a condenser lens is disposed at an outlet of the guiding barrel, the light emitting diodes are mounted at the bottom of the light shading barrel, the fixed base is penetratingly connected with a screw stem, and one end of the screw stem is in threaded connection with the sliding seat while the other end of the screw stem is connected with a motor. After the technical scheme is adopted, the motor only needs to be started, the motor drives the screw stem to rotate, the sliding seat can drive the guiding barrel to slide back and forth under action of the screw stem, so that the distances from the light emitting diodes to the condenser lens can be adjusted, emitted light can be adjusted, the light is gathered in an objective area, the illumination effect of the objective area is greatly improved, and the LED projection lamp meets requirements of military, fire protection, automobiles and stage performances.


This paper discusses the basic types of lightning strikes and the calculation of lightning rod putting emphasis on the checking calculation for the lightning protection device of an offshore crude oil tank.The calculation results indicate that some accessories including breather valve are beyond the protection range of lightning rod.Then the improvement measures are brought forward and checked by calculation to consummate the lightning protection for that crude oil tank.


A novel device designated BougieCap (Ovesco, Tübingen, Germany) has been marketed for endoscopic treatment of esophageal strictures under both visual and haptic control [1]. A recently published prospective multicenter study on the utility and complications in its mainstay indication has reported high rates of endoscopic and clinical success. On the downside, loss of the BougieCap with subsequent passage into the stool has been documented in 2/50 individuals, such that "the lost cap" may be considered a signature complication due to insufficient attachment by circular taping and/or, albeit unproven, stricture length and tightness [2]. While no clinical consequences from the lost caps were reported, potential clinical and/or medicolegal implications may arise reminiscent of small-bowel capsule retention [3]. Against this background, I would like to present the first report of successful lost BougieCap retrieval through a tight radiation-induced upper esophageal stricture. We performed BougieCap dilation in a 78-year-old male patient with high-grade dysphagia due to a complex upper esophageal stricture precluding standard scope passage after definitive radiochemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma. In a first session, dilation with a 7and 10mm BougieCap was performed with guidewire assistance. In another session 4 days apart, 12-, 14-, and 16mm caps were used without using a guidewire. Highquality mucosal characterization within the stricture through the BougieCap in tight mucosal contact clearly revealed radiation-induced neovascularization without evidence of mucosal relapse (Fig. 1a). However, given the steeper slope at the back of the dome-shaped cap,


The Spar is a deep-draft floating steel caisson, which can be designed to drill, produce and store oil. It is very stable and relatively insensitive to deck loads. Drilling and production equipment are supported on the decks above the waterline. Oil may be stored in the lower portion of the hull. The centerwell protects drilling and production risers down to 650 feet. The Spar can be moored with conventional or taut catenary mooring lines using embedment or pile anchors. Because of its deep draft and large displacement mooring line dynamic loads are relatively low. Fabrication and installation plans together with cost estimates are included for a 36-well design for Chevron in the Gulf of Mexico. Predicted motions under normal and maximum sea states are shown together with the results of global motion analysis using both frequency and time domain programs. The sensitivity of the design to mooring parameters, draft, diameter and Spar mass properties is discussed. Potential applications are briefly reviewed.


Ketorolac and nefopam are two newly introduced non-steroidal non-narcotic analgesics. Their comparative analgesic efficacy is not known. Therefore this prospective double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 161 patients after single intravenous (I.V.) bolus dose of these two drugs for relieving acute post-operative pain following upper abdominal surgery. 100 patients received 30 mg ketorolac (group A) while 61 patients received 20 mg nefopam (group B). Both the groups were comparable in terms of age and sex. Pain assessment was done at frequent intervals upto 6 hrs using a 10 point visual analogue scale VAS). Simultaneously pulse and blood pressure were recorded. Pain intensity difference (PID) and total pain relief (TOTPAR) were calculated using standard formulae.

PID curves suggested that group B patients had better analgesia for first 4 hrs but it worsened in the last 4 hrs. On the other hand, group A patients had progressive analgesia till 7 h which slightly decreased during last hour of the study. TOTPAR for the entire study period was significantly (p=0.002) greater in group B than group A. TOTPAR during first 4 hrs of study was also significantly (p=0.0001) greater in group B than group A. However, TOTPAR during last 4 hrs of study was significantly (p=0.001) greater in group A as compared to group B. Further, significantly (p=0.006) lesser number of patients in group A demanded second dose of analgesia at night as compared to group B. No drug related complications were seen, and pulse rate and mean arterial pressure remained within the normal limits in both groups. To conclude, 30 mg ketorolac provides progressively increasing and lasting pain relief compared to 20 mg nefopam when used as single I.V. bolus dose in immediate post-operative period following upper abdominal surgery. However, the reported side effects of ketorolac need caution during multi-dose therapy which itself may reveal a different picture of the analgesia achieved.


In combination with the tensioning operations of suspenders for zhongshanqiqiao, The Control force of Tensions Supspenders for a spatial Tied-arch bridge were calculated by using the finite element computation programme Asys, with its die and live elements. Influence matrix method and backward sequence method were used during the calculation and the results were match. The paper provides reference for constructions of similarly bridge.


ABSTRACT Images used to promote Estonia both home and abroad frequently highlight the element of pristine nature, often represented by the mire. Mires have witnessed historical change that can be described from ecological, institutional and perceptional aspects; artistic representations of mires have been transforming as well. The article observes literary representations of mires, based on 80 Estonian works of fiction, thus tracing the Estonians' relationship with the wetlands surrounding them and discussing the position of the mire in the evolving Estonian identity. The works derive from the past century and a half—the period when both Estonian literature and the modern Estonian nation became established. The current prevailing values emerged due to environmental ideas and advocate protecting and visiting the mires that, although not having been part of Estonians' identity discourse historically, still constitute a facet in the image of Estonia as a country today.


The theme of this paper is that simple comparisons between diagrams and text are inappropriate, at least in the programming area. Simple text-graphic comparisons are certainly very popular among computer scientists; we surveyed the literature and found that the vast majority made the simple assertion that visual programming would be better. Various reasons were cited; we present some of them.


A new and circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) applications. The antenna employs a single feed and two orthogonally elliptical printed dipoles. The dipoles are crossed through a 90° phase delay line of a vacant-quarter printed ring to achieve CP radiation. In order to achieve broad beamwidth, four metallic cylinders are introduced. The proposed antenna has achieved a bandwidth of about 43% from 1.08 to 1.69 GHz for S11 < −10 dB. Meanwhile, the CP bandwidth is from 1.55 to 1.63 GHz (L1) and 1.12 to 1.26 GHz (L2, L5) for axial ratio < 3 dB. Additionally, the antenna yields right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and high antenna efficiency over a wide frequency band. The simulated results have shown that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for GNSS applications.


ABSTRACT Control and inspection of the conditions of elastomeric bearings used for seismic isolation purpose is a fundamental activity in ensuring and preserving the performance of a structure. The methods currently used, such as visual inspections, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), release tests, very often present strong limitations due to their qualitative nature or else to the costs associated with their implementation and functioning. An innovative procedure based on the use of nanoindentation tests is proposed and validated through an experimental campaign. Its main benefits consist in the possibility of quantitatively estimating the current characteristics of elastomeric bearings, in conjunction with low implementation costs and influence on the isolating devices. The innovative procedure consists of coring a very small sample of rubber from a bearing and testing it with a nano-indenter in order to estimate the actual characteristics in terms of shear stress-strain relationships. The experimental tests showed good agreement between the properties calculated with the proposed method and the ones obtained directly through a traditional shear test, making such procedure a promising tool.


Coming soon to a television near you: next generation, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) that will illuminate displays without using cadmium, a toxic metal. Researchers led by Eunjoo Jang of Samsung Electronics report QD-LEDs made with quantum dots that feature an indium phosphide core surrounded by a thick inner shell of zinc selenide and a thin outer shell of zinc sulfide. The core's size determines what color light it emits. This InP/ZnSe/ZnS structure has been reported for quantum dots before, but defects in those materials resulted in decreased performance. Jang and colleagues developed a method for making this type of quantum dot that improves its properties (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1771-5). Their key innovation was to use hydrofluoric acid to etch away the oxidized surface of the InP core as the ZnSe shell grew. After completing the growth of the ZnSe shell at 340 °C, the team found that the resulting


If we move beyond the call for more scientific research, what do we do? Society's choices regarding climate change will depend upon our values and how we speak about them, not on whether climate change science reaches greater degrees of certainty Since the driving force that will shape our world is the value-based decision-making we engage in as individuals and communities, we should frame our discussion about climate change accordingly.


It is important to identify fractures in carbonate reservoir.Based on the method to identify fracture and the mathematic principle of numerical simulation,the algorithm and process of fracture detection applied in pre-stack 3D seismic data were designed and realized using numerical simulation of tectonic stress field.For target areas in LH11-1 reef reservoir oilfield in the Dongsha Uplift,Pearl River Mouth Basin,the parameters of pre-stack 3D seismic inversion were closely combined with numerical simulation of tectonic stress field and seismic inversion to construct fine heterogeneous mechanical model.Because of the pre-stack elastic parameter was considered in heterogeneous model,so it is more reasonable and more accurate than homogenous model in detecting fracture in carbonate reservoir.


Alternate medicine practices using natural plant extract may be of great importance in combating public health challenges. Medicinal plants are the bases for the development of modern drugs; accepted to treat infectious diseases globally. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic), Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), and Talinum triangulare (Waterleaf) due to their reported medicinal properties. The phytochemical constituents and proximate composition were analysed using standard protocols. Agar diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the plants. All three plants included innumerable quantities of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, phenol, and cardiac glycoside. Proximate analysis indicated that the moisture (9.88%), fiber (4.57%), crude fat (2.89%), crude protein (3.67%), ash (3.78%), and carbohydrate (75.21%) present in Allium sativum; moisture (9.26%), fiber (15.28%), crude fat (3.56%), crude protein (18.86%), ash (11.76%), and carbohydrate (41.28%) present in Chromolaena odorata; moisture (10.37%), fiber (16.43%), crude fat (2.23%), crude protein (11.88%), ash (13.29%), and carbohydrate (45.80%) present in Talinum triangulare. The crude extract of Chromolaena odorata had the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5mm). These bioactive substances, such as phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, augment the therapeutic characteristics of these plants, making them a common component of traditional remedies. They may serve as primes to drug discovery and be integrated into the health care delivery system. The investigations proved these plants' medicinal potential and further demonstrated Chromolaena odorata and Talinum triangulare's nutritional potential. They are good sources of income for individuals and bioprospecting.


he cracking mechanism of transverse weld cracking and
longitudinal weld cracking on SAW weld of SA516-70 steel is analyzed Technical measure
is taken to prevent the welding metal from cracking


Xroxie is an X-windows program designed to supplement users of the ROXIE program with a graphical user interface (GUI). The aim is to present the users of ROXIE with a single consistent interface through the complete process of creating new coil designs and to assist in the editing of input files by providing the user with descriptions, hints and/or help boxes for the data required in constructing the input file. Xroxie is programmed using Tcl/Tk versions 7.6/4.2


Attenuation correction is required in positron emission tomography (PET) for accurate quantitation and to reduce artifacts. In previous work we have shown that consistency information can be used to perform attenuation correction in the absence of any transmission measurements. In that work a separate object was used for each slice and was transformed in two dimensions. Here, we introduce an extension of this work to perform three-dimensional transformations on a single object over many slices. The aim is to produce a useful attenuation correction in situations where either it is impractical to acquire transmission data or there is significant misregistration between the transmission and emission data. The method is tested using simulated data, with both uniform and nonuniform attenuation, and experimental data, using a nonuniform cardiac phantom. Results show that for most cases the consistency conditions method will produce a useful correction but not necessarily towards a quantitatively better solution.


. The main goal of this article is to study the effect of small, highly nonlinear, unbounded drifts (small time large deviation principle (LDP) based on exponential equivalence arguments) for a class of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with fully monotone coefficients driven by multiplicative Gaussian noise. The small time LDP obtained in this paper is applicable for various quasi-linear and semilinear SPDEs such as porous medium equations, Cahn-Hilliard equation, 2D Navier-Stokes equations, convection-diffusion equation, 2D liquid crystal model, power law fluids, Ladyzhenskaya model, p -Laplacian equations, etc., perturbed by multiplicative Gaussian noise.


To communicate over a priori unknown channels, pilot sequences can be exploited to assist the receiver in obtaining the channel state information. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at the front end of the receiver samples and quantizes the input signal, including both pilot and data symbols. This results in a reduction of the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as deteriorated quality of channel estimation, which depends quantitatively on the bit resolution used by the ADC. In this work, we consider the point-to-point, training based communication between a single-antenna transmitter and a multi-antenna receiver over a Rayleigh block fading channel, and take into account the impact of the ADC for a joint optimization of the training length, the average receive SNR, the number of receive antennas, and the bit resolution of the ADC. Goal of the optimization is to minimize the energy per bit metric, where we include both transmit power and power dissipation of the ADC into the energy consumption model, and employ a capacity lower bound which depends on all aforementioned design parameters. Results from numerical simulations are demonstrated and analyzed, leading to a number of insightful observations and conclusions which are important for the energy efficient operation of the system.


Considering the current status of the visualization of mine ventilation system in China,we design a mine ventilation visualization system with easy operation and high sharing.The development of the system is based on Windows system as platform,Access as back-end database,database system as B/S(Brower/Server) model,which combines the results of ventilating network and mine ventilation graphic.The visual system can reflect the status of mine ventilation accurately,intuitively and comprehensively which optimizes the mine ventilation management and improves the ventilation efficiency.


Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted services offered in clinic online, with some local authorities starting to offer Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC) through a sexual health e-service. After completing an online, asynchronous consultation, EHC could be delivered or collected in pharmacy. Method Retrospective analysis of 12,016 EHC consultations completed between 1st January 2021 and 31st December 2021, from 11 local authority areas in London. Age, ethnicity, and deprivation deciles were used to identify demographic trends. Results The majority of EHC consultations were completed by 25-34 year olds (41.0%, n=4922). 53.4% (n=6422) of consultations were completed by users from the bottom 3 deciles of deprivation. 74.6% (n=8967) of consultation were from racially minoritised groups. Amongst 16-17 year olds and 35-44 year olds, the majority of consultations were completed by users in the bottom 3 deciles of deprivation (58.5% (n=197) and 58.6% (n=495) respectively). 66.2% (n=1289) of Black African women were from the bottom 3 deciles of deprivation, as were 58.6% (n=1498) of Black Caribbean women and 46.4% (n=1416) of White British women. 53.1% (n=1033) of Black African women, 54.3% (n1388) of Black Caribbean women, and 47.1% (n=1435) of White British women, were 16-24 years old. Discussion The majority of individuals accessing online EHC are young and racially minoritised, experiencing significant levels of deprivation. This approach to helping users access online EHC could help reduce unintended pregnancies and mitigate health inequalities. Local authorities could consider whether an online EHC service would help in their local area.


The PID (proportional-integral-derivative) neural network (PIDNN) controller for nonlinear system is proposed in this paper, which is different from the hybrid controllers of the PID and the neural networks. The PID neural network is a new kind of multilayer neural network in which the neurons have proportional, integral and derivative functions. And the controller is optimized by the learning processing of PIDNN. The principle of PIDNN is discussed and the learning method based on back-propagation-algorithm is given. The simulation results show that the proposed controller has the adaptability, strong robustness and satisfactory control performance in the nonlinear and time varying system


The sorption of Cd(ll) on bituminous coal has been found to be dependent on contact time, concentration, temperature and pH. The process of removal follows first order kinetics. The temperature dependence indicates the endothermic nature of process. Alkaline aqueous medium favours the removal of Cd(ll) by bituminous coal. The increase in sorption of Cd(ll) with pH has been explained on the basis of interaction with organic as well as inorganic matters present in coal. Intrapartide diffusion has been found to be a rate limiting step.


In order to understand and better treat pain patients, understanding of brain?s processing of pain is necessary. Most information regarding brain?s processing of pain comes to us from imaging studies such as fMRI and PET. The main disadvantage of these methods is the poor temporal resolution. As the signal from periphery arrives to brain within a few milliseconds, methods with better time resolution to look at the brain activity are needed. Evoked potentials (EPs) recorded on the scalp measure the brain activity on millisecond time scale, but in contrast to fMRI and PET have poor spatial resolution. However, mathematical methods to look at the brain sources of EPs exist and this is called ?inverse modeling.? Inverse modeling is typically applied to instantaneous EP data with a number of shortcomings including its instability to model multiple and deep brain sources. Furthermore, the interference of background noise may hamper the inverse solution. In this thesis, to overcome these shortcomings, decomposition of EPs prior to inverse modeling is proposed. Multichannel matching pursuit (MMP) is the proposed method for decomposition and was shown to be superior to more frequently used decomposition methods for EP analysis, independent component analysis and second order blind identification. MMP was also shown to be superior to instantaneous EP analysis. Furthermore, a clustering method for automation of MMP analysis is proposed, implemented, and validated on both simulated and empirical somatosensory and brainstem auditory EP data. Finally, the proposed methods were applied to visceral pain EP data in order to study the effects of morphine on the brain. The proposed methods showed to be effective and valid for pain EP studies.


Three different vacuum interrupter constructions are discussed. The so called rotating arc interrupter, and two axial magnetic field interrupters are described with attention to the uniformity of the axial field at the contact face. The salient feature of the most recent interrupter is its ability to clear a current density of 1680 A/cm/sup 2/ at the contact face.<<ETX>>


A general method is presented for simulating the dynamical behavior of a suspension of particles which interact through both hydrodynamic and nonhydrodynamic forces. In the molecular-dynamics-like simulation there are two different procedures for computing the interactions among particles: a pairwise additivity of forces and a pairwise additivity of velocities. The pairwise additivity of forces is the preferred method as it preserves the hydrodynamic lubrication forces which prevent particles from overlapping. The two methods are compared in a simulation of a monolayer of identical rigid non-Brownian spherical particles in a simple shear flow. Periodic boundary conditions are used to model an infinite suspension. Both methods predict the presence of a shear induced anisotropic local structure whose form and strength depend on the concentration of particles, the nonhydrodynamic forces, and the shear rate. Increasing the particle concentration up to near the maximum fraction that can still flow results in a transition to a layered structure in which planes of particles slide relative to one another. The anisotropic local structure and transition to a layered structure predict a non-Newtonian suspension rheology.


The sustainable development goals (SDGs) of Transforming our world, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development,1 and specifically SDG 17, call for cooperation, collaboration and partnership between government, civil society and businesses. To reach the agenda's objectives, the international community needs to find ways to effectively harness the public and private sectors. The SDGs are integrated and indivisible, with progress in one area dependent upon progress in others. Both the private and public sector are needed to meet the health-related SDG 3, including the target of universal health coverage (UHC) and related goals such as SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure). In the health area, the private sector refers to all non-state actors involved in health: profit and not-for-profit, formal and informal, domestic and international. Almost all countries have mixed health systems, with goods and services provided by the public and private sector, and health consumers requesting these services from both sectors. Therefore, efforts towards UHC cannot ignore the private sector. The private sector's involvement in health systems is significant in scale and scope and includes the provision of health-related services, medicines and medical products, financial products, training for the health workforce, information technology, infrastructure and support services. The private sector's role in health care is growing because it offers solutions to many challenges that have a negative impact on health systems including: health fiscal space constraints, increases in disease burden, particularly in relation to noncommunicable diseases, demographic shifts including ageing, population displacement and political and economic instability. The private sector has contributed to addressing these challenges. One example is its engagement with the World Health Organization's (WHO) End TB Strategy.2 Many governments and donors promote the private sector as a solution because it is perceived as offering access to greater service capacity, more managerial expertise, higher quality of services, and technology and innovation, as well as investment and funding.3 However, major gaps in our knowledge about the benefits of private care provision remain. In particular, the international community, including WHO, lacks an evidence base from which to develop guidance about the types of services and activities where the private sector might have a comparative advantage over the public sector. Private sector engagement also involves risks. Governments in lowand middle-income countries face major challenges with the private sector because their existing governance and regulatory arrangements are not designed to effectively manage and coordinate mixed health systems. One of the challenges relates to the for-profit private sector. In many countries, this sector has not been properly managed or regulated, resulting in behaviours that threaten the UHC objectives of equity and quality.4 Such behaviours include the abuse of market power (market skimming monopolistic behaviour and predatory pricing), unresolved conflicts of interest and regulatory capture. Another challenge is how to harness the efforts of the not-for-profit private sector to help meeting the health objectives of governments. While the business model of many not-for-profit private providers aligns well with UHC, governments often have incomplete information about the not-for-profit providers and lack the governance tools to help align the activities of these providers with national systems and priorities.5 Many countries do not have an explicit government policy position on the role of the private health sector, nor concrete plans to implement public policy on the private sector.6 To date, few countries have engaged in structured debate or multistakeholder dialogue about the role of the private sector and UHC. As a result, there is often no consensus among domestic stakeholders, including health systems users and civil society groups, about the role the private sector should play in health.6 Therefore, a public policy vacuum exists regarding the private sector and UHC. In this vacuum, the private sector could pursue its own objectives, which may or may not be closely aligned to UHC. This situation is related to privatesector interventions that are often supply, rather than demands driven and such interventions are inconsistent with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.7 Hence, demand driven interventions determined with the participation of government and local stakeholders, including patient groups, are needed, because such interventions are more aligned and coordinated with national priorities and subject to domestic accountability. Ignoring the role of the private sector in national efforts towards UHC is not an option. Here we suggest the following approach to managing, and where appropriate, engaging the private sector as part of efforts to achieve UHC. First, governments should take the lead and formulate domestic health goals and priorities. Based on these goals, governments can then formulate public policies about the role of the private sector for UHC, orienting the health systems towards achieving UHC. Second, as the private sector is heterogeneous, context-specific policy approaches are required to align the work of the private sector with the goal of achieving UHC. Therefore, the choice and implementation of public-private UHC policies need to be informed by an understanding of the different private sector actors that operate in a country. The private sector and universal health coverage David Clarke, Shana Doerr, Mostafa Hunter, Gerard Schmets, Agnes Soucat & Aurelie Paviza


In the ancient and troubled frontier city of Derry, Brian Friel established the Field Day Theatre Company in 1980. He was joined in this bold endeavour by a number of other artists, including the actor Stephen Rea and the poet Seamus Heaney. All of the Board of Directors are Northerners. Their motives, in founding the new company, were to reappraise the political and cultural situation in Northern Ireland as it affects the whole of Ireland. They aim to examine and analyze the established opinions, slogans, myths and war-cries which have gone to the creation of the present troubles in Ireland. Like Brecht's Galileo in his final exchange with Andrea, perhaps like Brecht himself in his final years, on a not dissimilar frontier, Friel and his fellow directors clearly believe that there can, indeed, be a new age, despite all the evidence to the contrary.


The present invention relates to the generation of antigen binding protein that specifically binds to two different extracellular domains of the VEGF receptor. Bispecific antigen binding protein blocks the activation of the VEGF receptor, cell function induced by VEGF, for example be used to mitogenesis of vascular endothelial cells and reduce or alienated movement of leukemic cells that. Antigen binding proteins of the present invention may be a monovalent or polyvalent, having an antigen binding site comprising a immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain and an immunoglobulin light chain variable domain, further may comprise an immunoglobulin constant region it can.


In this paper, a new fault detection technique based on a nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) is proposed for Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverters to ensure an uninterruptible and effective operation. The studied system is a single-phase grid-connected 7-level CHB inverter. The proposed fault detection scheme reconstructs (estimate) in real-time the injected grid current using the outputs/inputs data mapping. The HWM considers as inputs the 7-level inverter voltage to reconstruct the injected grid current to be used for the detection of open- circuit faults in the different cells. The key idea behind the proposed technique is the online identification of the HWM parameters based on the Recursive Least Squares solution to estimate accurately the injected current. Indeed, unlike the other observer-based fault detection techniques, the implementation of the proposed method does not require any physical model development or observability conditions. The presented simulation results show the high performance of the proposed strategy in real-time detection of open-circuit failures.


Objective To investigate the relationship between myeloperoxidase(MPO) concentration and the onset and progression of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and the clinical significance of MPO in patients with chest pain.Methods A total of 78 patients with chest pain were enrolled and classified into 41 patients with ACS,17 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) and 20 controls according to the guideline of American College of Cardiology(ACC)/ American Heart Association(AHA).MPO concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.White blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(Neu),red blood cell(RBC),platelet(PLT),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglyceride(TG),creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),fasting blood glucose(FBG),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP) were detected.The correlations between MPO and other parameters were analyzed.By the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve,the area under ROC curve(AUC) was calculated.The diagnostic performance of MPO for ACS was evaluated.This technology was compared with the diagnostic methods of clinical manifestation analysis and coronary angiography based on the measurement of Kappa concordance.Results The plasma MPO concentration in patients with ACS was significantly higher than those in patients with SAP and controls(P0.05),and the MPO concentration in patients with SAP was higher than that in controls(P0.05).The positive correlation was observed between MPO concentration and Neu,CK-MB and the severity of disease(r=0.288,0.469 and 0.757,P=0.018,0.043 and 0.000).MPO concentration did not correlate with age,hs-CRP,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,AST,FBG,LDH,RBC and PLT(P0.05).The cut-off value for MPO was identified as 212.59 μg/L(AUC=0.927,P=0.000).In 41 patients with ACS,39 cases were MPO positive,and 2 cases were MPO negative.In 37 non-ACS patients(17 patients with SAP and 20 controls),5 cases were MPO positive,and 32 cases were MPO negative.The sensitivity was 95.1%,the specificity was 86.5%,and the total concordance rate was 91.0%.The false negative rate(missed-diagnosis rate) was 4.9%,and the false positive rate(misdiagnosis rate) was 13.5%.The positive and negative predictive values were 88.6% and 94.1%.The Kappa value was 0.819(P=0.000),and the concordance of the 2 methods was good.Conclusions MPO is a novel marker of inflammation for the diagnosis of ACS and has an important clinical significance for the identification of ACS.


A novel dual‐band slot‐antenna for WLAN applications is presented. The antenna is composed of two narrow slots fed by a microstrip‐line. In order to increase the impedance bandwidth of a narrow slot and keep its small size, a kind of stepped‐impedance (SI) slot is used. It has been investigated experimentally for its impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and gain over its operation frequency band. Result shows that the antenna has a 10% bandwidth from 2.25 to 2.53 GHz and a 15% bandwidth from 5.13 to 5.99 GHz. And a good radiation pattern and gain can be achieved over the frequency range. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1203–1204, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22395


A growing body of research has begun to describe the variety and pervasiveness of community services offered by religious congregations across the United States. This study investigated the process whereby a congregation forms a new community service entity by tracing patterns in its development from formation through emancipation. Based on a sample of twenty-three spin-off organizations engaged in housing services in three cities (Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis), this exploratory study found that religious congregations provided very limited forms of incubation for new entities. Although the congregations exhibited considerable involvement in governance, their inability to undertake management of daily spin-off operations notably contributed to the eventual separation between parent and organizational offspring.


There is a complex interrelation between the Asiatic stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) and crops, and understanding mechanisms of their interrelation is major promise of controlling Asiatic stem borer. Asiatic stem borer showed significantly selective behaviors when choosing its host plants. Alterations in the variety and cultivation system of rice, exerted great influences on the population of Asiatic stem borer. Furthermore, the application of microcosmic technology has brought research of their interrelation into a new stage. This paper discusses the interrelation between Asiatic stem borer and crops and influencing factors from the point of macroscopical and microcosmic view. Meanwhile, some suggestions are provided for the further study in this field.


Original Research Ar cle Priyadarshini M et al © Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publica on with the work simultaneously licensed under Crea ve Commons A ribu on License CC BY 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and ini al publica on in this journal. * Corresponding Author Dr. Mona Priyadarshini DNB (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Fellowship Gynaecology Oncology Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital Biratnagar, Nepal Email: email@example.com ORCID ID: 0003-1916-7225 h ps://orcid.org/0000Affilia on A R T I C L E I N F O Received : 21 October, 2019 Accepted : 17 January, 2020 Published : 30 June, 2020


THE INTENTIONS OF THE registration system for registered care homes were honourable, but in practice their application to services has frustrated attempts to give people the chance of an ordinary life. This institutional framework is inconsistently used and needs reform.


Recent attempts to explain the observed field dependence of photoexcited carrier mobilities in molecularly-doped polymers have focused on the role played by local correlations in the energetic landscape characterizing the transport site manifold. Site energy correlations that fall off algebraically with distance have been shown to arise when the primary source of energetic disorder in the material is the interaction of carriers with random electric dipoles of the dopant and host molecules of the medium. In one dimension, such correlations lead to a Poole-Frenkel field dependence that is in qualitative agreement with experiment. We have recently investigated the stability of this one dimensional Poole-Frenkel prediction in the presence of other sources of disorder (e.g., charge-induced dipole interactions) that might lead to strong local energy fluctuations that fall off rapidly with distance. Our analysis suggests that local fluctuations of this type need not change the predicted field-dependence provided that they are themselves uncorrelated with the permanent dipole component of disorder.


SUMMARY This research explores the potentialities of the Land Administration Domain Model - LADM and its application in the Brazilian Urban Cadastre. The implementation of the model suggested by the ISO 19152 was tested using the cadastral database of the municipality of Arapiraca as a case study for the codification of parcels in 2D. The physical model was elaborated according to the normative proposal, and the analysis of the results showed the compatibility of the LADM with the concepts proposed by the guidelines established by the Ministry of Cities (Ministerio das Cidades) in 2009, for the implementation of multipurpose cadastres in Brazilian municipalities.


This paper proposes a multiagent-based energy market for multimicrogrid systems using game-theoretic and hierarchical optimization approaches. The proposed method is tailored to achieve the optimal operation of smart microgrids in distribution systems. Because of rapid load variations in distribution systems, it is necessary to develop fast optimization algorithms which minimize the power mismatch in and among microgrids. In this paper, a three-level market framework is proposed. The first level comprises a game-theoretic double-auction mechanism for the day-ahead market while the next two levels are optimal rescheduling and intermicrogrid reverse auction model for the hour-ahead and real-time markets, respectively. Using the hierarchical optimization algorithm in a multiagent-based area, it is anticipated to not only minimize the optimization solution time, but also reduce the dependency on the network in grid-connected mode or load shedding in islanded mode. Using this approach, load demand response capabilities along with rescheduling of Distributed Energy Storage Systems and distributed generations could be utilized in all market levels, which will lead to optimal operation of multimicrogrid systems. Agents are developed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and dynamic data exchange is activated for communication among agents communicating through a data distribution service which utilizes the real-time publish-subscribe communication protocol. The developed framework is applied to the modified 37-bus IEEE distribution test feeder system to validate the effectiveness of this market structure.


Haidian district is one of the most important urban fringe area of the Beijing city. The land use changes rapidly according to the rapid development and change of industry structure. This thesis discusses and analyses the rule and cause of change of industry structure affecting land resource use in the urban fringe, and detailedly studys the change of industry structure affecting land resource use of Haidian district, part of urban fringe of Beijing. It analyses and predicts the tendency of land resource use change in Haidian district according to the tendency of change of industry structure.


Domestic sewage-based constructed wetland (CW) showed that the effluent from CW-system contain enough plant nutrients and enhanced the growth of microalgae. Hence, a pilot CW system employing Typha latifolia in domestic sewage, integrated with the cultivation wild type Chlorella sp. was investigated. Phytoremediation at 48 hours of detention time caused significant changes in its physicochemical properties and the generated effluent was notably attractive for the cultivation of microalgae. The microalga was grown in 6 treatments: treated-mixotrophic (T1), treated-heterotrophic (T2), treated-autotrophic (T3), control-mixotrophic (T4), control-heterotrophic (T5) and control-autotrophic (T6) conditions for 8 days inside an incubator. The results suggested that phytoremediation effluents integrated with mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae, utilising both light and carbon sources could be the most efficient, environmentally safe, sustainable and novel technique for synergistic resource generation and bioremediation.


| To reduce early embryonic loss and improving pregnancy rate (PR) of Egyptian repeat breeder buffaloes, 45 repeat breeder animals were used in this study. Buffalo cows (n= 30) and buffalo heifers (n= 15) were allocated to three groups (10 cows and 5 heifers in each). Animals exhibiting normal heat were naturally mated. On Day 5 post-mating, a Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR-B) device was inserted on Day 5-9 (Protocol 1, P1), and Day 5-18 (Proto-col 2, P2) post-mating. Animals in the 3 rd group (Control) were left without treatment. Blood samples were taken on different days post- mating. Results show overall pregnancy rate (PR) of 46.7, 66.7 and 13.3% in P1, P2 and control (P< 0.05), being higher in buffalo-cows than in buffalo-heifers (46.7 vs. 33.3%, P< 0.05). In controls, PR was 0 in buf-falo-heifers and 20% in buffalo-cows. Level of progesterone (P 4 ) was higher (P< 0.05) in P1 and P2 than in control on most post-mating days following CIDR insertion, being higher in P2 than in P1, and higher (P≥ 0.05) in cows than in heifers. Level of P 4 at estrus decreased (P < 0.01), while post-mating P 4 levels increased for all pregnant in comparing with non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, increasing the progesterone concentrations by CIDR treatment from 5-18 days post-mating could be a useful strategy to prevent or reduce embryo mortality and is recommended for improving pregnancy in repeat breeder buffalo cows and heifers.


Biliary brushings obtained during ERCP can have one of three cellular interpretations: benign, malignant, or "atypical." Atypical interpretations usually result in further testing, and may cause controversy over management and increases in cost. We evaluated a large cohort of patients with atypical biliary brushings for analysis and risk stratification.


Hydropower lobbying and promotional efforts to date have been limited at best, and the industry has suffered as a result. Now, in order to turn the tide, a unified and well-funded hydropower support strategy is urgently needed.


Abstract The Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (TESSEL) is used operationally in the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) for describing the evolution of soil, vegetation, and snow over the continents at diverse spatial resolutions. A revised land surface hydrology (H-TESSEL) is introduced in the ECMWF operational model to address shortcomings of the land surface scheme, specifically the lack of surface runoff and the choice of a global uniform soil texture. New infiltration and runoff schemes are introduced with a dependency on the soil texture and standard deviation of orography. A set of experiments in stand-alone mode is used to assess the improved prediction of soil moisture at the local scale against field site observations. Comparison with basin-scale water balance (BSWB) and Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) datasets indicates a consistently larger dynamical range of land water mass over large continental areas and an improved prediction of river runoff, while the effect on atmospheric...


As a fundamental component of the Internet, Domain Name System (DNS) is widely abused by attackers in various cybercrimes, making malicious domain detection an essential task in network defenses. However, some well-crafted attacks with tricky techniques can not only bypass blacklists but also make some machine learning-based detection systems infeasible. In this paper, we design HGDom, an accurate and robust malicious domain detection system based on a heterogeneous graph convolutional network method. First, we jointly analyze domain features as well as the complex relations among domains, clients, and IP addresses. To capture richer information, we introduce a Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) to model the DNS scene. Then, we propose a novel representation method named MAGCN. With a meta-path-based attention mechanism, it can handle node features and the graph structure in HIN at the same time. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to apply GCN in cyber security analysis. Comprehensive experiments over DNS data from TUNET and CERNET2 are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed methods. The comparison results show that HGDom outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with promising performance. Besides, the system is decided to be deployed in production to assist with network security management for CERNET2.


Despite scientific proof of the benefits and effects of fish consumption on human health, most Indians consume less than the recommended dietary amounts. The current study attempted to assess the knowledge gap of fish eaters regarding the health and nutritional benefits, along with identifying the factors that directly and indirectly influence the knowledge level of fish consumers. The fish eaters were surveyed during the F.Y. 2021–2022 with representative samples of 934 fish consumers from across ten districts of the Gujarat state in western India. Fish consumers were found to have insufficient knowledge about health and nutritional benefits, which stalled the growth of fish consumption in the region. The significant factors influencing the knowledge level of fish consumers were education qualification, fish quality evaluation criteria, number of children in a family, years of fish consumption and family size. The consumers were found to place greater emphasis on the fish quality evaluation parameters such as smell, appearance, nutritional value, product price and freshness. The study's outcomes suggested that mass awareness programs should be planned to achieve higher levels of fish consumption in the region and the country.


In July 2006 'welfare-to-work' policies were introduced for single parents in Australia. These policies require most single parents with school aged children to be employed or seeking employment of 15-25 hours per week in return for their income support payment. The changes represented a sharp increase in the obligations applying to single parents on income support. This paper is concerned with how the well-being of single mothers who are combining income support and paid employment is being influenced by these stepped up activity requirements. The paper draws on data from semi-structured interviews with 21 Brisbane single mothers. The analysis explores participants' experiences in the new policy environment utilizing the theoretical framework of 'relational autonomy'. Relational approaches to autonomy emphasize the importance of relations of dependency and interdependency to the development of autonomy and well-being. The findings indicate that in their dealings with the welfare bureaucracy participants experienced a lack of recognition of their identities as mothers, paid workers and competent decision makers. These experiences have negative consequences for self worth, relational autonomy and ultimately the well-being of single parent families.


Purpose: Spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation is a rare but fatal disease with unclear etiology. In this study, we reviewed its clinical manifestations, outcomes, and discussed the etiology and prognostic factors. Methods: There were 12 neonates with gastric perforation in our hospital from 1989 to 2015. Their medical records were reviewed retro-spectively including birth record, associated disease, site and size of perforation, type of surgical management, clinical outcome. Also, the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: The median gestational age and birth weight was 32 weeks (range, 26-43 weeks; preterm birth rate, 66.7%) and 1,883 g (range, 470-4,400 g), respectively. Five patients had associated gastrointestinal anomalies including esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (two patients), midgut volvulus, non-rotation and microcolon, and meconium plug syndrome. The median age at surgery was six days after birth (range, 2-13 days), and the median weight at surgery was 1,620 g (range, 510-3,240 g). Upper third part of stomach was the most frequently involved location of perforation. The size of perforation varied from pin point to involving the whole greater curvature. Primary repairs were done in seven cases, and in five cases, resections of necrotic portion were needed. Mortality rate was 33.3% (n=4), morbidity (re-operation) rate was 16.7% (n=2). The causes of death were sepsis (n=3), and heart failure from Ebstein anomaly (n=1). The median hospital stay was 92.5 days (range, 1-176 days). The factors mentioned as prognostic factors in previous studies showed no significant relations to the mortality and morbidity in our study. Conclusion: There were improvements of outcomes in patients with large size perforation. As previous studies, we assume these improvements were possible due to the improvements of critical care medicine. Given that rare incidence, a multi-center study can help us get a better understanding of this disease, and a better outcome.


VER THE years, various anesthetic tech0 nics have been employed to facilitate surgical procedures for cataract extraction.' Historically, local anesthetic technics were favored,2 but with the development of newer inhalation agents, general anesthesia came into increased use.3 However, the need for endotracheal intubation with many of these technics introduced the hazard of a rise in intraocular pressure secondary to coughing and straining on the tube. To avoid this hazard, neuroleptanalgesia (with phenoperidine/haloperidol) or dissociative anesthesia (with ketamine) has been employed.


Underfill (UF) polymer (PM) structures are becoming increasingly popular in fan-out packages because they exhibit several advantages, such as protection from mechanical stress and package- to-system electrical and thermal conductivity. The laminate integrity of UF-PM interfaces plays a crucial role in determining fan-out package performance and long-term reliability. In this study, we presented a fracture-mechanics-based experimental method and finite element method to quantitatively determine the interfacial adhesive performance of UF PMs. The adhesion in the UF-PM interface was experimentally characterized using the four-point bending (4PB) test. Unlike the stud-pull test, which is widely used in industry, fracture toughness can be characterized using the (4PB) test, which is effective in determining not only the interfacial strength but also the critical strain energy release rate (Gc). Furthermore, an underfill polymer structure design was simulated based on the fracture modeling methodology in which the virtual crack closure technique (also known as virtual crack closure integral) was applied to estimate strain energy release rate (G) at a specific UF-PM interface. This result revealed that the proposed predictive modeling approach could successfully evaluate the risk of delamination. Crucially, these techniques can be applied to rapidly evaluate new UF and polymer material selection strategies and to examine the effect of process modification on adhesive performance in various environments.


Similarity of opinions and memory about recent interactions are two main factors determining likelihood of social contacts. Here, we explore the Axelrod model with an extended conservativeness which incorporates not only similarity between individuals but also a preference to the last source of accepted information. The additional preference given to the last source of information increases the initial decay of the number of ideas in the system, changes the character of the phase transition between homogeneous and heterogeneous final states and could increase the number of stable regions (clusters) in the final state.


Automatic colorization of images without human intervention has been a subject of interest in the machine learning community for a brief period of time. Assigning color to an image is a highly ill-posed problem because of its innate nature of possessing very high degrees of freedom; given an image, there is often no single color-combination that is correct. Besides colorization, another problem in reconstruction of images is Single Image Super Resolution, which aims at transforming low resolution images to a higher resolution. This research aims to provide an automated approach for the problem by focusing on a very specific domain of images, namely astronomical images, and process them using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We explore the usage of various models in two different color spaces, RGB and L*a*b. We use transferred learning owing to a small data set, using pre-trained ResNet-18 as a backbone, i.e. encoder for the U-net and fine-tune it further. The model produces visually appealing images which hallucinate high resolution, colorized data in these results which does not exist in the original image. We present our results by evaluating the GANs quantitatively using distance metrics such as L1 distance and L2 distance in each of the color spaces across all channels to provide a comparative analysis. We use Frechet inception distance (FID) to compare the distribution of the generated images with the distribution of the real image to assess the model's performance.


"The Art of Halo" is the ultimate gallery of the Halo universe, with over 400 images including sketches and concept art by acclaimed artists such as Ashley Wood, detailed interiors and sweeping landscapes of Alex Chu, and Frank Capezzuto's breathtaking spacescapes, plus commentary from the artists themselves and a Foreword from 'the face of Halo,' Frank O'Connor.


The Asian summer monsoon is characterized by the presence of a low‐level westerly jet stream (LLJ) in the lower troposphere and a tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) in the upper troposphere. It is interesting to develop an index based on the vertical zonal wind shear and associated rainfall intensity over a monsoon region. The conventional method used to estimate wind shear takes the difference in wind speed between the zonal winds at 850 and 200 hPa. These two fixed levels do not represent the maximum wind speeds at these altitudes and therefore fail to obtain the maximum vertical wind shear. In this study, we propose a new index (the Shinu Mohan [SM] index) by defining the vertical zonal wind shear between the core heights of the low‐level jet stream in the lower troposphere and the TEJ in the upper troposphere, which represents the maximum zonal wind shear in a vertical column of the atmosphere over the summer monsoon region. The core heights of the LLJ and TEJ vary depending on the terrain and the strength of the monsoon circulation. The SM index provides precise vertical shear at each grid point and represents better spatial variability under different terrain conditions. Vertical shear plays a major role in convection and the production of rainfall over a region. Vertical wind shear during extreme monsoon events and the active and break spells of monsoons were analysed by using the SM index and conventional indices. It is interesting to note that the newly defined SM index gives a much better representation of the monsoon intensity compared to conventional indices.


The authors studied the effect of lidocaine infusion on the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia in nine healthy male subjects. Lidocaine infusion (serum concentration 3.6 ± 0.1 μg/ml) was associated with a decrease in the shape factor, "A," of the hypoxic ventilatory response in eight of our nine subjects (P < 0.02). Overall, "A" decreased from 419 ± 102 1·min−1·mmHg before lidocaine to 335 ± 77 1·min−1·mmHg during lidocaine infusion (&OV0335; ± SEM, N = 9). The authors conclude that despite significant intersubject variability, clinically useful serum lidocaine concentrations depress hypoxic ventilatory drive. Patients with carbon dioxide retention, whose resting ventilation depends on hypoxic drive, may be at risk of ventilatory failure when lidocaine is administered for arrhythmia control or regional anesthesia.


February 27, 1973 Factory — Statutory duty — Fume — Inhalation of low concentrations of oxides of nitrogen over prolonged period — Chronic lung illness — Employers' constructive knowledge of health hazard — Medical and other publications — Whether sufficiently indicating health hazard from 1965 onwards — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c. 34), s. 63 (1).


This paper completes an investigation of "jumps" of orderings. The last few cases are given in the proof that for each recursive ordinal a > 1 and for each Turing degree d > O'"' , there is a linear ordering A such that d is least among the ath jumps of degrees of (open diagrams of) isomorphic copies of A , and for s < a , the set of sxh jumps of degrees of copies of A has no least element.


One early morning some years ago, I traded my patient a bagel for a rectal exam. It had been a hard night, and my pager hadn't stopped beeping with messages about patients I barely knew. I was finally settling down to write my admission notes when I realized that I hadn't given my anemic patient a rectal exam. The way I remember it now, I spent much of my medical internship doing things to peopleuncomfortable, even unnecessary thingsat odd hours to seem thorough on rounds. This patient was a 70-year-old man who had come into the hospital for pneumonia, but routine labs showed that he was newly anemic without a clear explanation. In this setting, a diligent intern performs a rectal exam to make sure the patient isn't slowly bleeding from the stomach or colon, which could mean something like a bleeding ulcer or even cancer. I was a diligent intern. Which is why, with the morning quickly approaching, I needed to do that exam. I walked into his room. He was sleeping. "Hi, Mr. S," I woke him up. "I'm sorry to wake you. I just need to do one thing." His room was warm with sleep, and he was tangled in the hospital sheets. He opened his eyes slowly. "What?" "Your blood counts are low, so I need to do a quick rectal exam. Just to make sure you're not bleeding down there." I already had my gloves and the bottle of liquid that turns blue when it detects blood that the eye can't see. I was ready. All he had to do was turn over, and I'd be back in the residents' room writing my notes in no time. "Hell, no!" He was awake now. I had thought that he was a mild-mannered man when we met earlier in the evening down in the emergency department. "You come in here and tell a sleeping man you need to do a rectal exam? I haven't even had anything to eat since I got here. I didn't have dinner. And you wake me up to look for blood I'm telling you isn't there?" All I needed was for him to roll over, just for a second, and I could get back to my notes. I had so many notes to write. "How do you expect people to get better here when you don't even feed them? No way, ma'am." Doctor, I thought. Not ma'am. Doctor. Maybe I would just write that he refused the rectal exam: "Patient declined rectal." He probably wasn't bleeding. But I could see my resident's look of disappointment and hear that silence on rounds when she asked me what the rectal showed and I had already collected all the stuff to get it done. Besides, what if he was bleeding after all? This was my job. "I understand, sir. The hospital can be terrible," I said. I sat down at the foot of his bed, less an expression of empathy than of exhaustion. "How about this. There are some hot bagels being delivered soon, maybe right now. How about I get you a hot bagel and I can do the test, and then you can eat and go back to sleep?" He had come into the emergency department with his wife. I had talked to them about the pneumonia that we saw on his chest x-ray and how he would be admitted. His wife had been worried, but I assured her that things would be okay and that I'd call her if anything happened. And now I was trying to bribe her husband with a bagel for his dignity. If he asked me to leave the room, I would. I would tell him I was sorry and forget that any of it had happened. But my patient acquiesced. "Sesame bagel. Cream cheese." Although the morning conference for doctors-in-training wouldn't start until 7:00, the bagels always came early. They were hot. I found a sesame bagel and cut it open, carefully. I spread it thick with cream cheese and wrapped it in a paper towel. I had been eating all night, but I was suddenly ravenous. I made a sandwich for myself. When I returned to my patient's room, he was still awake, looking out the window. "I'm back." I stood in front of him with the bagels in one hand and the rectal exam supplies in the other. He sat up, preparing to eat. "Wait," I said. "Let me just do this first. I promise it'll only take a moment." I placed the bagel on the bedside table. My patient rolled over on his side. I lifted his hospital gown and invaded my patient with a gloved and lubricated finger. I smeared his stool sample on a paper card with a few drops of liquid from the bottle I'd been carrying around. No blue. It was negative, just as I'd thought. He wasn't bleeding at all. I pulled my patient's gown down, doused myself with Purell, and handed him the bagel. "It was fine. All normal," I told him. "You're not bleeding." "Good. That's what I thought," he answered. I wondered whether he would tell anyone the trade we had made. "Hope you get back to sleep," I said. I left his room. I still had time to write my notes. I would make sure to document that the rectal exam was negative. It hadn't taken long after all, so I sat down in the lounge to eat my bagel and look out the window. The night was almost over, and it was going to be a pretty morning. I took a bite of my sandwich. The bagel was still warm. I thought of my patient in his room down the hall, and, for a moment, there we were, just two people who had had a rough night, eating our early breakfasts and watching the city wake up beneath us. Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Rectal Exam," by D. Lamas.


Although the value of a philosophy major is clear for those who study the discipline, for many others it seems puzzling.


This paper describes a simulator we have developed to model speckle imaging and resconstruction of astronomical objects. The simulator was designed as a tool in the development of new signal and image processing techniques for our high resolution imaging research. It has been found to accurately replicate the speckle imaging process, and can be used to predict experimental results under various environmental conditions. The simulator is described in detail, including the modeling of atmospheric turbulence effects, the generation of speckle images, and the simulation of the telescope and image detection processes.


Abstract : This paper examines the current drive to establish a comprehensive Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) capability for the United States and the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) in this initiative, with a focus on the specific responsibilities for MDA that should be assigned to DoD. The potential for attack of the United States via the Maritime Domain using a commercial vessel carrying a weapon of mass destruction is very real; when coupled with the current shortfall in U.S. MDA capability, the impetus for improving MDA is made apparent. The MDA capability necessary to provide adequate defense against such threats requires an extensive system of sensors and intelligence collection as well as dedicated fusion and analysis to build a common operational picture with which effective decisions regarding maritime threats can be made. The U.S. Coast Guard has taken the lead in establishing U.S. MDA capability. However, DoD has specific responsibilities for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense that mandate a significant role in establishing MDA for the United States. As a result of its global reach, resources, and specific responsibilities, DoD should be required to provide for information and intelligence collection in the forward regions in support of the MDA process, non-deniable vessel surveillance, detection, and tracking in the maritime approaches to the United States, and dedicated analysis and fusion of data to help build the common operational picture that will be the product of the MDA system.


Ag/C, Mn3O4/C and AgMnO2/C electrocatalysts were selected for nanocatalyst structure and electrochemical activity characterisation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The nanocatalysts displayed ethanol-tolerance for ORR in KOH solution electrolyte at different temperatures. All electrocatalysts prevented oxidation from ethanol crossover through the membrane from the anode to cathode compartments in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs). ORR results confirmed that AgMnO2/C significantly improved the current activity.


In an earlier paper the therapeutic effectiveness of sulfathiazole used during the acute stages of Sonne bacillary dysentery was demonstrated.5 However, it was shown also that sulfonamide therapy did not curtail the period during which the Sonne organism could be recovered by rectal cultures. Actually, there appeared to be statistical evidence that this period was prolonged when compared with untreated controls. Another outbreak of Sonne bacillary dysentery occurring two years later afforded us the opportunity to test the value of sulfaguanidine, administered for varying periods during convalescence, for reducing the length of the carrier state. At the same time, the prophylactic value of the sulfonamide drugs in preventing the epidemic spread of bacillary dysentery, as recently suggested,2' 4 was also investigated.


In December 1962, in the premature nursery of this hospital, a 7-hour-old baby was found dead in a pool of blood which had leaked from the umbilical cord. The baby weighed 4 lb. (1,810 g.) at birth and was under hourly observation by the nursing staff. The cord had been shortened five hours after birth by an experienced staff midwife who had tied a single commercial umbilical tape around it about I in. (3 cm.) from the skin margin, and cut it i in. (1 cm.) from the tape. The baby had appeared well, with normal colour, tone and respirations at the age of 6 hours. When he was found dead it was noted that the ligature was still in place, held by a reef knot sufficiently firmly that it could not easily be pulled off, and that the shed blood contained a number of clots. At autopsy no internal abnormality was revealed. Death appeared to have been due to simple exsanguination through an umbilical cord which had been dealt with in accordance with the routine practice of the hospital. It seemed that there was a need for critical reappraisal of this routine practice.


Physical health management is the focus of widespread concern in Chinese and foreign university sports,testing and evaluation of physical health is an important physical component of health management.Past two decades,the National Student Physical Health has made significant development work,the students concepts of health and physical activity awareness has been strengthened,but the physical health of students is different optimistic,especially the quality of endurance,strength,quality and speed of quality was downward trend.[1] This regards the lack of physical exercise and an unhealthy lifestyle and the nutritional status,but also a reflection of the physical health of college students to strengthen the management,especially in the "sub-healthy" state intervention is necessary to the health of students.This study was designed for the comparison of the development and man-agement of physical health status in Chinese and foreign students,in the hope of improving and optimizing the management of physical health in our colleges and universities.


The influence of asynchronous motor's traditional starting or stopping manner on belt conveyor is introduced.The principle、feature and the application circumstance are also introduced emphatically.By using intelligent motor controller,the influence of motor's direct starting or stoppingmanner on belt conveyor has been solved.


There is a concealed red basin in northwestern Jiangxi,which is overlain by Quaternary sediments 30~50 m in thickness and underlain by Tertiary red sandstone.The water-prospecting work is very difficult in that area.Using soil absorbed mercury measurement and direct current IP method,the author analyzed and summed up the mode of occurrence of underground water in that area,detected water-prospecting orientation and optimized favorable ore-searching sectors,which yielded excellent result.Now this area has become a medium-size underground water source,with daily water production of over 30 000 tons.It is thus concluded that the combination of geophysical and geochemical methods is an effective means in search for underground water.Such a means is characterized by cheapness,rapidness,easy operation and high penetrating capacity in thick overburden areas,thus having extensive application vista.


A simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP- HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Frovatriptan
Succinate (FTP) in tablet dosage forms. An XTerra RP-C18 Column, 250x4.6 mm, column with 5 I¼m particle sizes
and the Mobile Phase consisting of 0.02M Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate pH: 3.2 adjusted with Methanol &
Acetonitrile in ratio of 70:30 v/v & water: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) was used as a diluent in the gradient mode. The
flow rate was 0.8 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 242 nm. The retention time was 3.066 min and the
detector response was linear in the concentration range of 10-120 I¼g/mL for FTP successively. The respective
linear regression equation being Y= 65647.112x + 45974.1647 for FTP. The Limit of Detection (LOD) & The Limit
of Quantification (LOQ) was found to be 1.00 & 3.00 I¼g/mL respectively for FTP. The percentage assay of FTP was
98.17%. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results of the
study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the
routine determination of FTP in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.


Summary: Noroviruses are important human pathogens known to cause epidemic outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis in communities, military barracks, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living communities, resulting in over 267 000 000 annual infections worldwide. Diversity within the norovirus genus allows this virus to persist in human populations, although a single genocluster, the GII.4 noroviruses, currently accounts for ∼80% of all infections. Noroviruses bind to the polymorphic histoblood group antigens (HBGAs), which act as the putative cellular receptor, and strains from different genoclusters bind various HBGAs. Human challenge studies using viruses from different genoclusters have demonstrated that norovirus immunity is complicated and probably confounded by pre‐existing exposure histories and variable immune responses. Evidence for both short‐term and long‐term immunity has been demonstrated, but the molecular mechanisms mediating differential immune responses in the face of infection remain unclear. Studies with virus‐like particles from the GII.4 genocluster demonstrated that variation in and around the receptor‐binding domain results in differential HBGA binding and altered antigenicity. These observations suggest that the norovirus capsid evolves to evade the memory immune response while retaining its ability to bind any of several HBGAs. In this review, we discuss how evolution within the capsid drives receptor switching and allows escape from herd immunity.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to TNF super family. TWEAK produces a variety of cellular responses through binding to fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14), a member of TNF receptor superfamily. Although Fn14 lacks a death domain, TWEAK has been found to induce apoptosis in some cell types by perturbing the activity of certain pathway such as TNFα‐TNF receptor signaling. TWEAK is also known to regulate proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells. We have previously reported that TWEAK‐Fn14 system causes muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, it has been reported that TWEAK mediates muscle atrophy in disuse conditions such as denervation. However, it remains unknown whether TWEAK can affect the viability of muscle cells. To address this issue, we have studied the effects of recombinant TWEAK protein on survival of cultured mouse primary myotubes. Our results demonstrate that TWEAK reduces myotube viability in a dose‐dependent manner evident by increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture supernatants. TWEAK also increased the number of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive nuclei in cultured myotubes. Furthermore, we have found that the levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) are increased upon treatment with TWEAK for 48 and 72h. These results provide initial evidence that in addition to causing atrophy, TWEAK can also diminish skeletal muscle mass by affecting the survival of myofibers in different catabolic conditions.


Nanodiamonds (NDs) have been demonstrated to have bactericidal activity on several microorganisms and can be used in various kinds of dental materials. NDs are potential candidates for antibacterial dental materials. However, the possible inhibitory effect of NDs on oral pathogenic bacteria is largely unknown. This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of carboxylated nanodiamond (cND) on Streptococcus mutans.


We review recent progress of the mid-range applications of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and introduce its main standards. In the last decade, extensive research has been carried out on magnetic coupling wireless power transfer with the transmission distance comparable or greater than the coil dimension. Metamaterials show great abilities to increase the WPT efficiency by controlling the near electromagnetic field.


As the development of science, the technology of multi-sensor fusion has been used more and more widely both in civil and in military. And the estimation and adjust of system bias is one of the key factors affect the performance of fusion system. Aiming to the problems that exist in system bias modeling and estimation, such as the existence of various system bias and the weak generality of the bias model, we present a uniform model of system bias and make an comparison between different system bias estimation algorithms in this system bias and make an comparison between different system bias estimation algorithms in this paper. The simulation results show the availability and generality of the model which we present in this paper.


This essay presents an appeal for theology to reassume her regal position by realigning herself with the classical Platonist-Christian synthesis. Both St. Thomas's highlighting of theology as a science and his at times emphatic naturegrace distinction led to a move 'from symbolism to dialectic' (Henri de Lubac). The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries witnessed an even stronger erosion of a Platonic participatory framework through the univocal theology of Duns Scotus, the voluntarism ofWilliam of Ockham and Gabriel Biel, and the nominalist epistemology of Ockham and others. Later Neo-Thomist scholastic theologians (Cajetan, Suarez) entrenched the separation between nature and the supernatura! with their putative realm of 'pure nature'. Contemporary evangelicalism's embrace of nominalism and postmodernism as its logical philosophical conclusion must be countered by a ressourcement of the Platonist-Christian synthesis, (1) reasserting theology's role as queen of divine hospitality; (2) re-envisioning a sacramental ontology; and (3) reintroducing spiritual biblical interpretation. 70 Cr. Hans Boersma, 'Spiritual Imagination: Recapitulation as an Interpretive Principle', in Imagination and Interpretation: Christian Perspectives, ed. Hans Boersma (Vancouver: Regent College Publishing, 2005), 13-33. 71 This essay was first presented as the Civitas Lecture at Cornerstone University in Grand Rapids, MI, on February 28, 2006. I have benefited a great deal from the valuable input provided by John Stackhouse and Jens Zimmermann.


The invention provides a data obtaining method and a universal information model CIM server side. After an NDEF information message is obtained from an NFC device, the NDEF information message is analyzed to obtain data sections, then data in the data sections are assigned to objects of CIM model types corresponding to the data sections according to an MOF file, data in the objects are sent to a CIM client side, and accordingly the CIM client side based on CIM data models has access to the NFC device based on NFC data models through the CIM server side, and data of the NFC device are obtained.


P197 Effect of Errors in the Migration Velocity Model of PS-Waves on Travel Time Accuracy in PSTM in Weak Anisotropic Media H.C. Dai* (British Geological Survey) & X.Y. Li (British Geological Survey) SUMMARY We investigate the effect of errors in the migration velocity model of PS converted waves on the traveltime calculated in prestack time migration (PSTM) in weak anisotropic media. The PSTM operator contains four parameters PS-wave velocity vertical velocity ratio effect velocity ratio and anisotropic parameter. We derive four error factors corresponding to the four parameters respectively. Theoretical and numerical analyses of the error factors show that all


This research describes a qualitative study of a group of pre-service teacher candidates who planned to teach in international contexts in terms of the understanding and forms of cultural knowledge. The study also investigated the reasons that motivated pre-service candidates to seek employment overseas. Data collection for this study occurred between February and May of 1997. Two major findings related to the participants' awareness of cultural variables emerged. First, the participants knew about few cultural variables and tended to be aware of the outward manifestations of culture (in the form of customs and traditions). Second, the participants tended to understand cultural knowledge only in terms of a target culture and did not understand general categories of cultural knowledge that might apply across cultures. This concept of cultural knowledge influenced the participants' thinking about the nature of culture in both schools and in curriculum.


promoted the collection of relics in cathedrals and/or urban foundations both to centralize their power and to increase their prestige. Their ventures were part of a wider framework in which the mobility of the saints' bodies, which was strictly defined by the Carolingian authorities, put various political and social agents in a relationship, often competitive, with each other. This paper considers two cases of the translation of saints' bodies at the peripheries of the Carolingian Empire: the furta sacra of St Mark (from Alexandria, Egypt to Venice, 828) and St Bartholomew (from the island of Lipari to Benevento, 838-839). Both the hagiographical traditions narrate the theft and transport of the relics from the Islamic world to the Italian peninsula by boat. These two cases are also both related to a conscious and ambitious plan to strengthen local public authorities. The paper examines the underlying political strategies that led to the mobility of two of the most important relics in the Mediterranean context and the circulation of cultural models from the Carolingian worlds, which relocated the saints' bodies in order to redefine the political balance.


Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant neoplasm that often presents in areas that abound in apocrine sweat glands1 . Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) is a GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fission2 . Recently, several studies have reported that Drp1 plays critical roles in malignant neoplasms3, 4 . However, little is known about the Drp1 function in EMPD. Further, mTOR is reported to be associated with malignancy in EMPD5 . In this study, we investigate Drp1 and mTOR expression levels in EMPD through immunochemical analyses of clinical samples and analyzed the correlation between the expression levels of Drp1 or mTOR and the clinical information. We found a positive correlation between the expression levels of Drp1 or mTOR and clinical stage of EMPD.


This study focused on the correlation between job analysis and corporate performance of business organizations in Nigeria. The study adopted both descriptive surveys as well as correlational survey designs. The population of this research work was 400, the entire staff of Niger Mill Plc Calabar, Cross River State. The sample size was 200 respondents determined through Taro Yamane's formula of 1964. The data was collected using both primary and secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was used using a 4-point Likert scale of strongly agreed, agreed, strongly disagreed and disagreed. The study adopted the Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient to test the hypotheses and analyzed data at 0.05% significance. The study revealed that was a significant relationship existing between job analysis and corporate performances of business organizations in Nigeria. It was also discovered that significant relationships existed between job description, specification as well as job evaluation, and corporate performance of business organizations. It was recommended that the management of business organizations should incorporate a well-established job analysis programme into their human resource planning during recruitment and training of existing and prospective employees to boast its overall corporate performance continuously. Human resource managers should also endeavour to describe organizational jobs and specify the person who is to carry out the tasks with the basic knowledge, skills, competency, ability, and other job characteristics for the corporate performance to be enhanced steadily.


Abstract
 Given the complex emotive responses to post-disaster tourism sites, this chapter aims to shed light on the multiple dimensions of tourists' experiences within a dark tourism context. Disaster tourism experiences of visitors to the Beichuan Earthquake Memorial in China are considered to test Packer and Ballantyne's Multifaceted Model of visitors' experience, with joyless aspects perhaps being the majority of the experience.


Abstract. We obtain a new Liouville comparison principle for weak solutions (u,v) of semilinear parabolic second-order partial differential inequalities of the form u t -ℒu-|u| q-1 u≥v t -ℒv-|v| q-1 v(*)$u_t -{\mathcal {L}}u- |u|^{q-1}u\ge v_t -{\mathcal {L}}v- |v|^{q-1}v\qquad (*)$ in the whole space ℝ×ℝ n ${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$ . Here, n≥1${n\ge 1}$ , q>1${q>1}$ and ℒ=∑ i,j=1 n ∂ ∂x i a ij (t,x) ∂ ∂x j ,$ {\mathcal {L}}=\sum _{i,j=1}^n\frac{\partial }{{\partial }x_i}\biggl [ a_{ij}(t, x) \frac{\partial }{{\partial }x_j}\biggr ],$ where a ij (t,x)${a_{ij}(t,x)}$ , i,j=1,...,n${i,j=1,\ldots ,n}$ , are functions that are defined measurable and locally bounded in ℝ×ℝ n ${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$ , and such that a ij (t,x)=a ji (t,x)${a_{ij}(t,x)=a_{ji}(t,x)}$ and ∑ i,j=1 n a ij (t,x)ξ i ξ j ≥0$ \sum _{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(t,x)\xi _i\xi _j\ge 0 $ for almost all (t,x)∈ℝ×ℝ n ${(t,x)\in {\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$ and all ξ∈ℝ n ${\xi \in \mathbb {R}^n}$ . We show that the critical exponents in the Liouville comparison principle obtained, which are responsible for the non-existence of non-trivial (i.e., such that u¬≡v${{u\lnot \equiv v}}$ ) weak solutions to (*) in the whole space ℝ×ℝ n ${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$ , depend on the behavior of the coefficients of the operator ℒ${\mathcal {L}}$ at infinity and coincide with those obtained for solutions of (*) in the half-space ℝ + ×ℝ n ${{\mathbb {R}}_+\times {\mathbb {R}}^n}$ . As direct corollaries we obtain new Liouville-type theorems for non-negative weak solutions u of inequality (*) in the whole space ℝ×ℝ n ${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$ in the case when v≡0${v\equiv 0}$ . All the results obtained are new and sharp.


In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), either on human or animal studies, the main requirements for radiofrequency (RF) coils are to produce a homogeneous RF field while used as a transmitter coil and to have the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while used as a receiver. Besides, they need to be easily frequency adjustable and have input impedance matching 50 Ω to several different load conditions. New theoretical and practical concepts are presented here for considerable enhancing of RF coil homogeneity for MRI experiments on small animals. To optimize field homogeneity, we have performed simulations using Biot and Savart law varying the coil's window angle, achieving the optimum one. However, when the coil's dimensions are the same order of the wave length and according to transmission line theory, differences in electrical length and effects of mutual inductances between adjacent strip conductors decrease both field homogeneity and SNR. The problematic interactions between strip conductors by means of mutual inductance were eliminated by inserting crossings at half electrical length, avoiding distortion on current density, thus eliminating sources of field inhomogeneity. Experimental results show that measured field maps and simulations are in good agreement. The new coil design, dubbed double-crossed saddle described here have field homogeneity and SNR superior than the linearly driven 8-rung birdcage coil. One of our major findings was that the effects of mutual inductance are more significant than differences in electrical length for this frequency and coil dimensions. In vitro images of a primate Cebus paela brain were acquired, confirming double-crossed saddle superiority. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 193–201, 2010


It is well known that the quality of the long term results of the scientific education depends crucially on a teacher formation based on valid interaction schemes between educational research and teachers. To support this interaction, we have set up an e-learning web environment for mathematics and physics communities of practice, from infancy to higher secondary school, which supports a variety of activities, didactical proposals and documentation. In the paper, we discuss the "rationale" of the organization, some of the problems which have arisen, the response of the users and present some example of materials regarding both the mathematical and the physical contents.


PURPOSE: To improve a manufacturing yield, and reduce the treating processes of respective thin film layers significantly by providing an upper portion thin film whose down side surface is conductive, a bottom portion thin film whose up side surface is conductive, and an intermediate spacer. CONSTITUTION: A thin film switch 10 is equipped with an upper portion thin film 12 whose down side surface is conductive, a bottom portion thin film 14 whose up side surface is conductive, and an insulation intermediate annular spacer 20. The spacer 20 is arranged between the thin film 12 and the thin film 14, a large rectangular central opening portion is provided so as to specify the up side surface and the down side surface. Two (y) axis electrodes are formed on the up side surface of the spacer 20, two (x) axis electrodes are formed on the down side surface, and simultaneously an upper portion adhesive layer and a lower portion adhesive layer are respectively provide on and below the spacer 20 so as to fix the thin film 12, the spacer 20, and the thin film 14 together. Thereby, the respective electrodes and the surfaces of the thin films 12, 14 facing thereto can be brought into electric contact. Accordingly, the treating processes of the respective thin film layers are significantly reduced, and a manufacturing yield can be improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Inequality is unevenly distributed across the territory and national averages obscure this variation. This study investigates which subnational level factors can help explain differences in inequality among districts. It analyzes how subnational coalitions resist or support national governments' redistributive policies. The main argument is that the type of national governing alliance (regressive or progressive) affects the level of provincial inequality, but mediated by the type of subnational coalition that supports or resists that national policy. This work empirically examines this claim analyzing the configurations of the national and subnational distributive alliances in two Argentine provinces and in relation to labor rights regulations in the agricultural sector between 2003 and 2015.


The first part of the article ennumerates the resons for the introduction of the model of preventive psychological health care in a general hospital, followed by a scheme of psychological health care with the following elements: evaluation of psychological state and psychological needs of a patient, informational and educational part of nursing care, emotional support, counseling, advocacy of patient's needs and self-help.
The article presents the role of a clinical health psychologist and other memebers of a multidisciplinary hospital team.