Recognising an Arabic text with OCR is a complex task caused by the cursive nature of Arabic script for printed and handwritten text. The Arabic letters change forms according to not only their position in the word, but also their font. In fact, developing a font recognition system as a pre-recognition step may help to increase the OCR performances. In this paper, we present an Arabic font recognition system using curvelet transform for feature extraction. Moreover, we expose a new classification strategy based on a back-propagation artificial neural network (BpANN) called a dynamics multi-BpANN-1Class classifier. To validate our proposed system, we first focused our research on a comparative study of five texture analysis techniques. Second, we compared our classifier to a classical BpANN. And finally, we validate the dynamic training for the classification phase.


In this dissertation I direct critique at a conception of self-deception prevalent in analytical philosophy, where self-deception is seen as a rational form of irrationality in which the self-decei ...


The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT has designed the Supply Chain Costing Tool (SCCT) to support the implementation of public health supply chain costing exercises. Based in Excel the software tool greatly facilitates data collection analysis and report generation of a supply chain costing exercise. Reading this manual prior to applying the tool will help the user gain an understanding of the structure and organization of the tool and will help the user plan and prepare better for a costing exercise. The manual includes detailed instructions on every aspect of conducting a costing study using the SCCT. This manual provides users with working knowledge of the SCCT as a software tool and includes step-by-step instructions screen shots and troubleshooting tips to help the user get the most out of the software. For more information on why it is important to cost the supply chain the steps and human and financial resources required how long a costing will take and how data can be used for policy decisionmaking see the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT companion document to this manual A Guide to Public Health Supply Chain Costing: A Basic Methodology.


The article obtains the main results of the research on plasma- electronic technology for producing electricity from electronic beams, based on the electrical properties of electrons and their combination in the form of electron beams. The functional diagram of the experimental setup implementing plasma-electronic technology that proves the possibility of electricity generation by electrical installations, based on plasma-electronic technology is described.


Over the last 20 years, gender relations and how they are experienced, represented and put into practice have undergone deep changes. It is vital to understand this process more deeply and clearly, especially with regards to the power and control dynamics involved, and within the scope of Portuguese-speaking countries. In the backdrop of these reconfigurations and interests, the Revista Lusofona de Estudos Culturais (Lusophone Journal of Cultural Studies) publishes in its 5th issue a set of contributions of renowned researchers and junior researchers alike, from all over the world (United Kingdom, United States of America, Brazil and Portugal). Additionally, it offers the Portuguese readers an opportunity to read the works of Rae Connell, Jasbir Puar and Sue Thornham in their native language. The set of articles comprised in this issue seeks to contribute, from an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary perspective, to a deeper and critical understanding of the changes taking place across the different social domains with an impact on gender relations and identities. The contributors resort to different theoretical frameworks to conduct their own research, and seek to understand the diverse issues related to aspects of motherhood, affective and sexual relations, ageing, social activism, science and academia, economy and public policy. Sue Thornham opens the journal issue, offering a discussion of the film We Need to Talk about Kevin (2011), directed by Lynne Ramsay, a Scottish director whose work often focuses on motherhood. She brings to the discussion the "new momism", which emerged in the United States in the 1990s. According to the researcher of the University of Sussex, Ramsay's film is a criticism of the post-feminist celebration discourse of a new way of full-time mothering. This discourse portrays motherhood as the liberated woman's enlightened choice and as an integral part of personal feminine fulfilment. As she inscribes her discussion in the framework of the cinema of feminist resistance and maternal melodrama, the author argues that in Ramsay's film the mother-son dyad, contrary to previous films, is seen through the mother's eyes. We Need to Talk about Kevin transports us to a world whose terms and boundaries are set by the son, in a cultural horizon that insists on the possibility of choice, while showing that this choice is


Children who are hospitalised need as many normalising experiences as possible. Child life specialists work to try to normalise the patient's hospital stay by providing resources that are developmentally appropriate and that allow children to be themselves, considering the parameters of the child's medical status. This article examines the use of one such resource, the Starbright World Program, by a large Midwestern paediatric hospital. Fifteen child life specialists were surveyed to determine how patients and their families used the programme and whether or not the programme was beneficial for the 380 patients and their families who participated in the programme. Results of the survey indicate that the programme can be a beneficial addition to the services provided to paediatric patients.


The polarity type, surface morphology, electrical properties, and deep trap spectra were studied for undoped AlxGa1−xN films (x=0–0.6) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on on-axis (0001) sapphire using composite buffers consisting of low temperature (LT) AlN nucleation layer, AlN, and AlN/AlGaN superlattice. It is shown that the films grow with N-polarity if the LT AlN layer is deposited under N-rich conditions and with Ga-polarity for the LT AlN layers deposited under Al-rich conditions. For both polarities the film morphology was acceptable for fabrication of typical GaN-based devices. It is demonstrated that the Ga-polar AlGaN films are heavily compensated p-type, with the dominant acceptors believed to be due to C. N-polar films are n type, with the residual donors pinning the Fermi level being most likely due to Si. N-polar films show a high concentration of deep electron traps.


Diversion is a transfer of the settlement of a child case from a criminal justice process to a process outside of criminal justice, as referred to in Article 1 number 7 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. The results showed that the theft factor committed by children here is due to family economics, broken home or the disharmony of the relationship between the child and parents at home, as well as the factor of following friends who eventually plunged children into the case, the settlement of the case was resolved where it was brought together both parties and perpetrators are asked for in-depth explanation. Obstacles obtained are that the UPPA Tanjung Balai Karimun Police investigators have difficulty in identifying the identity of the perpetrators, because most of the theft perpetrators are from outside Karimun district, the second is evidence, because after the perpetrators steal, they are immediately sold so that the investigator hard to find evidence.


This report is an analysis of discovered crude oil reserves, undiscovered recoverable crude oil resources, and estimated annual oil field production. The countries analyzed are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. All of the countries in this report have a history of petroleum exploration and development. Also, they maintain policies which support the search for, and exploitation of, petroleum resources. This systematic assessment provides estimates of the quantities of remaining known petroleum reserves and undiscovered recoverable resources. The future feasible production rates from the respective countries are also discussed. The FESAP assessments are limited to petroleum resources recoverable by conventional primary and secondary extraction technology. It is estimated that over 29.4 billion barrels of recoverable oil (both discovered and undiscovered) originally existed within the sedimentary basins of these countries, as follows: Argentina (9.4 billion barrels); Brazil (6.5 billion barrels); Colombia (5.0 billion barrels); Peru (3.6 billion barrels); Ecuador (over 3.0 billion barrels); Chile (1.1 billion barrels); and Bolivia (over 0.8 billion barrels). Through 1982, about 10.2 billion barrels of the oil had been produced. Thus, some 19.2 billion barrels constitute the remaining recoverable petroleum resource base. It is estimated that the most likely volume of crude oil remaining more » to be found in the seven countries is 12 billion barrels. 91 refs., 59 figs., 82 tabs. « less


EVALUATION IN TWO DIFFERENT TIMES OF APICAL SEAL OF TWO ENDODONTIC SEALERS: ENDOFILL E SEALER 26 Apical seal of root canal obturation using two sealers was observed in different moments. Forty four human anterior teeth were prepared and divided into four experimental groups with 10 teeth for each one and 4 for controls group. Groups 1 and 3 were filled with Endofill and groups 2 and 4 with Sealer 26. Groups 1 and 2 were covered with two layers of red finger nail, except for the last apical millimeter and put in 2% methylene blue dye for seven days. Groups 3 and 4 were put in saline solution for fifteen days and then treated the same way as groups 1 and 2. Teeth were washed, dryed and carefully sectioned longitudinally for examination. Results show that between groups 1 and 2 there were no difference, but there were significantly more dye penetration in groups 3 and 4, particularly in group 3. According results, Sealer 26 presented a better apical seal.


GETTING STARTED Transparency Unit – The EPSON 10000 XL scanner should have the transparency unit attached. If it is not attached, the user needs to turn off the power of the scanner, remove the regular cover, and attach the transparency unit. The transparency guide is not needed for scanning film. 1 Put on white gloves when handling film to avoid fingerprints rubbing onto film. 2 Take film out of canister and find the glossy side, which will need to be face down for scanning. 3 Unroll film to find flight direction markings, which are usually at the beginning of the roll. If there are none, then use your own judgment on flight direction so film data is correctly oriented. 4 Put film on roller that allows film to feed through scanner with the glossy side down and with the data correctly oriented; switch spindles if necessary. This can be changed if the user later discovers that the film is incorrectly oriented. 5 Push bars of rollers together to a distance with the film right between them and then tighten the knobs of the rollers.


Platform-based companies are rapidly emerging and occupy major positions in the global market. In addition, the business model that relies on digital technology makes platform-based companies sustainable. This paper empirically examines the impact of internationalization breadth on corporate performance and explores the moderating role of the platform enterprise network effect and innovation investment. Annual panel data from listed Chinese platform-based companies between 2012 to 2020 were used to also verify the scale of overseas companies' association and social networks and the moderating effect of centrality and innovation research and development (R&D) investment on these two factors. The results indicate that the irregular internationalization rhythm of platform-based companies was negatively correlated with corporate performance, and the association network and the social network centrality of overseas companies had a positive moderating effect. Innovative R&D investment could help platform-based companies expand overseas to improve their corporate performance, and its moderating effect was more significant for platform companies in the early stages of internationalization. In terms of the internationalization pace, overseas network construction, and innovative R&D investment strategies, this paper provides valuable suggestions for platform-based companies to expand internationally and improve their corporate performance.


At work research findings of the process of cooling the research casting die in the range of the 600-100°C temperature were presented and of the research-production casting die while pouring the cycle out cooled with compressed air about the pressure 0.6 MPa and the water mist about the pressure of air and water appropriately 0.3/0.35 MPa. The character and the speed of the temperature changes in the die and being formed of gradient of the temperature on the thickness partition walls were shown the die with the help of thermal and derivative curves. A course of changes was presented to the density of the thermal stream during cooling and in function of the temperature as well as results were shown a computer simulation of the process of pouring the production casting die. A scheme of the device for generating the water mist cooling the die and an image of spraying water were shown with the help of the designed rotary sprayer. They showed that applying the water mist for cooling dies is increasing the intensity of casting process and is accelerating it.


Purpose : Traditional herbal medicines may be overused in Korea. Expenditures and inaccuracies of hospital prescription are increasing gradually. So we investigated the frequency and nature of herbal medicine use among elementary school pupils. Methods : We interviewed students of three elementary schools located in Gwangju with survey papers. We analyzed 905 returned surveys. Results : They consisted of 421 males and 484 females. Five hundred ninety (65.2 percent) of pupils who have taken herbal medicines since birth. First grade made up 74.1 percent, 2nd grade 63.0 percent, 3rd grade 64.8 percent, 4th grade 63.3 percent, 5th grade 65.5 percent, and sixth grade 61.9 percent, respectively. The mean frequency of herbal medicine use was 3.2 times. 6th grade was 3.3 times, 5th grade 3.9 times, 4th grade 3.7 times, 3rd grade 2.7 times, 2nd grade 2.7 times, and 1st grade 2.6 times, respectively. The mean cost of herbal medicine use was from 50,00-100,000 won. The mean age of pupils who took their 1st herbal medicine was 55 months, 6th grade 67 months, 5th grade 58 months, 4th grade 54 months, 3rd grade 55 months, 2nd grade 51 months, and 1st grade 47 months. The most common reason of herbal medicine use was "looking weak, without disease." The rate of elementary pupils who had good effects was 63.7 percent; the rate of side effects was 4.5 percent. Conclusions : The rate of elementary pupils who took herbal medicines was high and gradually higher in lower grades. So, clinicians have to cope directly with this situation and to educate parents about herbal medicines.


Live migration is a crucial feature in existing virtualization platforms. Since memory is dirtied rapidly during the execution of a virtual machine (VM), boosting memory migration speed becomes a significant factor in guaranteeing a high-level success ratio and efficiency. However, the statically-configured migration strategy cannot cope with various workloads running in VMs, resulting in frequently aborted migration processes and low success ratio. This paper proposed a one-for-all migration architecture called Adaptive Live Migration (AdaMig) to address these issues. This QEMU-based solution dynamically switches migration methods and tunes related parameters by monitoring the run-time statistics from the migration process and the physical host. Once AdaMig detects the tendency that migration cannot converge, it will switch to another migration method to synchronize remaining dirty pages. During the whole process, AdaMig also dynamically tunes migration parameters according to current resources available in the physical host and migration efficiency. Experimental results reflect that AdaMig improves the success ratio from 26.7% to 93.3% over various workloads, and migration time is reduced by up to 45.5% in comparison with the original solution in QEMU.


We present a divide-and-conquer algorithm for parsing context-free
 languages efficiently. Our algorithm is an instance of Valiant's (1975), who reduced the problem
 of parsing to matrix multiplications. We show that, while the
 conquer step of Valiant's is O(n^3), it improves to O(\log^2 n)
 under certain conditions satisfied by many useful inputs that occur
 in practice, and if one uses a sparse representation of matrices. The
 improvement happens because the multiplications involve an
 overwhelming majority of empty matrices. This result is relevant to
 modern computing: divide-and-conquer algorithms with a
 polylogarithmic conquer step can be parallelised relatively easily.


We study anomalies of non-invertible duality symmetries in both 2d and 4d, employing the tool of the Symmetry TFT. In the 2d case we rephrase the known obstruction theory for the Tambara-Yamagami fusion category in a way easily generalizable to higher dimensions. In both cases we find two obstructions to gauging duality defects. The first obstruction requires the existence of a duality-invariant Lagrangian algebra in a certain Dijkgraaf-Witten theory in one dimension more. In particular, intrinsically non-invertible (a.k.a. group theoretical) duality symmetries are necessarily anomalous. The second obstruction requires the vanishing of a pure anomaly for the invertible duality symmetry. This however depends on further data. In 2d this is specified by a choice of equivariantization for the duality-invariant Lagrangian algebra. We propose and verify that this is equivalent to a choice of symmetry fractionalization for the invertible duality symmetry. The latter formulation has a natural generalization to 4d and allows us to give a compact characterization of the anomaly. We comment on various possible applications of our results to self-dual theories.


Criminal law should synchronize with spirit and soul of the constitutionto respect human rights and democracy. But history proof that criminallaw is more often to be use for violate human rights and silentdemocracy. That cause is one of the reason for constitutional court toestablish to guard law specially criminal law in order to match with theconstitution. Base on the authority gave by the constitution so farconstitutional court had done the role maximally in examination thesynchronization criminal law act with the constitution, but that authorityis limited and passive. In implementation phase, it has not been anypositive changed in spirit and soul of the law enforcement to be matchedwith spirit for respecting human rights and democracy to establish thecriminal law.


Solar energy will play a key role in global energy systems in the near future, thanks to its clean, renewable, and inexhaustive nature. Solar photovoltaics (PV), which convert solar energy to electricity, is currently a highly competitive technology that is ready to contribute significantly to mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. By the end of 2020, globally, installed solar PV capacity has reached ca. 707 GW, and the average PV module price has been reduced to US$ 0.21 Wp , competitive to the conventional fossil energy. In the last fifteen years, the PV module price has exhibited an impressive learning rate of ca. 40%, indicating its cost being reduced by 40% every time the cumulative capacity doubles (Figure 1a). One of the most important drivers contributing to the module price reduction is the improvement of PV figures-of-merit, especially by device structure evolution resulting in a gradually rising power conversion efficiency (PCE) by ca. 0.5% per year. Currently, the PV market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV technology (ca. 95% of the market share in 2020) and thin-film PV technology (mainly CdTe and CIGS solar cells, which occupy another 5% of the market). The last few years have seen c-Si PV technology switch from aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cells to passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs), which has accounted for ca. 80% of the PV production in 2020. However, it is believed that PERC cells feature a PCE limit of ca. 24% on an industrial production line with current principal technologies. The carrier recombination losses at the metal–silicon contact regions, as well as the heavy-dopinginduced issues (e.g., Auger recombination, bandgap narrowing, and free carrier absorption) have been identified as the key limiting factors. As predicted in Figure 1b, c-Si solar cells with passivating contacts are bright candidates for next-generation highefficiency PV production (PCE ≥ 25%) after PERC. In the meantime, emerging PV technologies, such as perovskite and organic solar cells, are also attracting considerable attention thanks to their potential low-cost and flexibility. To overcome the theoretical PCE limit of single-junction solar cells, tandem approaches are particularly appealing. One of the most successful examples is the perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells, already achieving a remarkable PCE of 29.5%. To make solar energy harvesting more competitive, the price learning curve in Figure 1a should continue to drop, which requires a continuous improvement of the PV technology. This


Humidity measuring instrument with evanescent optical fiber sensor has been designed. Cladding of optical fibers was tapered with gelatin film. Stripping length variation of fiber optic cladding were 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. The humidity was measured by measuring the water vapor in the humidity chamber. The measuring instrument was designed using a sensor system which consists of a diode laser as a light source, optical fiber, photodiode as a photodetector, and a microcontroller as a signal processor. Humidity was measured based on the output voltage of the photodiode. The higher the humidity the higher the photodiode output voltage. The optical fiber characterization results showed that optical fiber with 1 cm stripping length were the most optimum in sensing humidity. The sensitivity value of the designed sensor was 0.0186 V /% RH with the coefficient of determination R = 0.9457. The average percentage error of the instrument was 1.56% compared to the reference instrument (humidity meter).


On the ACROPOLIs the reinstallation of the Museum has proceeded under the direction of Mr. Meliades. The archaic poros pediment groups have been placed in their final positions, mostly in a large, well-lighted gallery on the north side of the building. The slabs of the Parthenon frieze and the Nike Parapet and some fragments of the Erechtheion frieze are exhibited in the corresponding gallery on the south. These western galleries are nearly ready, but no date has been set for their official opening. The reconstruction of the central section of the museum building has been completed, and the so-called Small Museum is about to be demolished to make way for two new galleries. In setting up the slabs of the Nike Parapet, the fragments found just before the war and published in preliminary form by the late Gabriel Welter (AA [1939]15-16) have been joined to the slabs to which they belong. Mr. Meliades promises a full publication of these new fragments and combinations. The scaffolding has been removed from the southwest wing of the Propylaea, allowing for the first time an unobstructed view of the newly reconstructed parts (pl. 66, fig. I). The fragments of the epistyle and frieze have been gathered on the spot and made ready to be replaced when the time comes.


There have been few investigations of the role that adolescent cognitive ability might play in predicting who will later develop cognitive impairment. This is due, in part, to a lack of cohorts with early‐life cognitive assessment who have been followed to later adulthood. We capitalized on the 1960 Project Talent high school cohort to assess whether higher adolescent cognitive ability predicted lower risk of impaired cognitive function in older adulthood. A subsample of twin and non‐twin siblings allowed for assessment of whether these associations are due to shared family and genetic factors.


According to the basic requirements of digital watermark for remote sensing image,an algorithm for digital watermark based on pseudo-random sequence and DCT for remote sensing image was proposed.Firstly,the original image was segmented,and the image blocks were selected by the pseudo-random sequence.Then,the low frequency coefficients after DCT were got,and the watermark information was embedded in the low frequency coefficients of each image block using the quantitative method.Finally,the errors of embedded image were controlled by the accuracy constraints.Because the watermark information embedded was done with quantitative method,the watermarked image authentication needed no information about the original image.This algorithm realized blind extraction of digital watermarking.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm the robustness and achieve near-zero change of remote sensing image.


Old Paint documents the history of lead-paint poisoning in the United States and the evolving responses of public health officials and the lead-paint industry to this hazard up to 1980, by which time lead had been banned in gasoline and paint. Peter C. English traces lead poisoning from a rare, but acute problem confined to a small group of children to the discovery by the end of the 1940s of the dangers of the crumbling lead-painted interiors of inner-city dwellings. He draws on a wide range of primary materials not only to illuminate our understanding of how this health hazard changed over time, but also to explore how diseases are constructed and evolve.


As result of powerful image processing tools, digital image forgeries have already become a serious social problem. In this paper we describe an effective method to detect Copy-Move forgery in digital images. Our technique works by first applying DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) to the input image to yield a reduced dimensional representation [1]. Then the compressed image is divided into overlapping blocks. These blocks are then sorted and duplicated blocks are identified using Phase Correlation as similarity criterion. Due to DWT usage, detection is first carried out on lowest level image representation. This approach drastically reduces the time needed for the detection process and increases accuracy of detection process. General Terms Image processing, Digital image forgery


Paper stresses the negative influence of cars on the environment. Hybrid cars technology can diminish the fuel consumption and green house gases production. Different types of electric hybrid powertrains are described Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. Comparison of fuel consumption and CO2 production of one hybrid car and one classic car on European driving cycle is published.


Previous studies on the role of hurricanes in Mexico's Gulf of California examined coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) eroded from limestone and rhyolite sea cliffs. Sedimentary and volcanic in origin, these lithotypes are less extensively expressed as rocky shores than others in the overall distribution of gulf shores. Andesite that accumulated as serial volcanic flows during the Miocene constitutes by far the region's most pervasive rocky shores. Here, we define a subgroup of structures called barrier boulder deposits (BBDs) that close off lagoons as a result of lateral transport from adjacent rocky shores subject to recurrent storm erosion. Hidden Harbor (Puerto Escondido) is the most famous natural harbor in all of Baja California. Accessed from a single narrow entrance, it is commodious in size (2.3 km2) and fully sheltered by outer andesite hills linked by two natural barriers. The average weight of embedded boulders in a succession of six samples tallied over a combined distance of 710 m ranges between 74 and 197 kg calculated on the basis of boulder volume and the specific gravity of andesite. A mathematical formula is utilized to estimate the wave height necessary to transport large boulders from their source. Average wave height interpreted by this method varies between 4.1 and 4.6 m. Input from fossil deposits and physical geology related to fault trends is applied to reconstruct coastal evolution from a more open coastal scenario during the Late Pleistocene 125,000 years ago to lagoon closure in Holocene time.


Background and context: India is leading nation as a technology provider to world's developed countries. But at the same time India is lagging behind in many aspects, like heath services in rural area as well as in semiurban areas. In the absence of proper awareness, nonavailability of basic health services unhygienic living conditions and for many such reasons ratio of death to various illness is very high compare with developed countries. Cancer is the second biggest cause in India after cardiac diseases for death. Deaths due to cancer also has a different reasons and causes. Cancer statistics in India · Estimated number of people living with the disease: around 2.5 million · Every year, new cancer patients registered: over 7 lakh · Cancer-related deaths: 5,56,400 Aim: Considering this facts Global Marwari Charitable Foundation (GMCF-INDIA) decided to run "Mission Cancer Control – India" a mission of awareness, advocacy, prevention and early detection with treatment of poor people diagnosed for cancer. Program/Policy process: The first mobile cancer detection centre was established in the year 2013, which consists facility of mammogram, biopsy, digital X-ray, digital CR, CBC machine, dental chair etc. In India rural area doesn't have basic medical facilities. Facilities for cancer detection is day dream in 75% states in urban areas also. The overcome this and to save the lives of thousands of people, GMCF has started this mission and is successfully running this since last six years. Our mobile detection centre has traveled across 22 states and organized more than 400 special cancer screening camps and screened more than 80,000 people. Outcomes: Result of this screening, detected 1285 cancer patients, who don't know about their diseases. They got timely treatment and most of these could save lives. Major issue we noticed in our mission is that common people, uneducated people still have great fear of word cancer, we organize community wise awareness lectures, to give them confidence and make them prepare for screening. Another issue of concern for nonscreening attitude is poor financial position, we met many people who even can't afford 1 dollar for screening. What was learned: Though we run our project on 100% charitable basis. So we don't charge single penny for screening. But many still hesitate as they are afraid if found positive for cancer. They cannot afford treatment, this is very serious issue of concern. We assure them for free treatment also if they found positive in tests. During our last six years practical experience we noticed following major concerns of growing cancer deaths in India. 1. Literacy 2. Lack of awareness 3. Daily contact with pesticides and fertilizers for labor, particularly women labor working in farms 4. Poor financial condition 5. Lack of facilities for screening as well as for treatment. 6. Expensive treatment


T here are two recent parallel lines of authority at Court of Appeal level regarding whether rectification in New Zealand requires an "outward expression of accord". In Davey v Baker [2016] NZCA 313 the Court of Appeal stated (at [37]) that there was no dispute as to the applicable principles of rectification and provided an account of the requirements for rectification that included the need for an outward expression of accord. However, in Robb v James [2014] NZCA 42, the Court of Appeal stated (at [21]) that an outward expression of accord is not required and (at [22]) that the position in New Zealand with respect to outward expression of accord was "relatively settled". Law of Contract in New Zealand (Burrows, Finn and Todd (eds) (6 ed LexisNexis, Wellington, 2018) at 353) suggests that rectification does require an outward expression of accord and Equity and Trusts in New Zealand (Butler (ed) (2 ed, Thomson Reuters, 2009) at 871) suggests that it does not, but in neither text is the conflicting case law squarely addressed. Here, I argue that the "no outward expression of accord" position is a better authority because the issue of outward expression of accord is obiter in the cases that suggest it is required. Further, I argue that the no outward expression of accord position is preferable in principle. To be precise, the position I support is that, in New Zealand, rectification does not require an "outward expression of accord" as a discrete requirement in addition to the other requirements for rectification. Cases in support of an "outward expression of accord" as a discrete requirement do not consistently provide a precise answer to what the requirement actually means (see Depot Corporation v Hollis [2018] NZHC 100 at [90] and Ryledar Pty Ltd v Euphoric Pty Ltd [2007] NSWCA 65, (2007) 69 NSWLR 603 at [280]–[281] and [315]). Taken literally, it could mean that, even when both parties have said to each other that they wanted X in the contract, and X is left out by mistake, rectification is available only if there is an additional communication along the lines of "so, we are agreed to X". More plausibly, the requirement for an outward expression of accord can be seen as limiting rectification to when the parties communicated their intentions about X to each other, even if there is no express communication of agreement to X. I will return to this point later, but we will turn to the history of rectification to trace the origin of the phrase "outward expression of accord".


We have been able to show that a large percentage of the beef cattle brought to Panama City from various parts of the Republic of Panama carry in their blood a large trypanosome. Since these animals are apparently in good health, the presumption is that the trypanosome is nonpathogenic; however, another possibility is that the trypanosome is pathogenic, but that the cattle have developed an immunity against it.


INTRODUCTION The rapid proliferation of "problem-solving courts," particularly of drug courts, occasions this Article. These progeny of the 1989 Dade County, Florida drug court (1) can be found throughout the country. According to one report, there are approximately 500 drug courts operating nationwide, with several hundred more coming on line. (2) From these drug courts, a number of other courts have evolved, all under the problem-solving handle. In New York, for example, in addition to drug courts, there are community courts and domestic violence courts. (3) In the State of Washington there is a mental health court. (4) While disparate in their focus, their "problem solving" characterization appears to result from a shared, urgent common goal of judicially addressing problems deemed, usually by the court, as not adequately addressed through the quotidian mills of, at least, the overloaded urban criminal justice system. Chief Justice Kathleen A. Blatz of the Supreme Court of the State of Minnesota has forged a palpable description of this problem-solving stimulus: I think the innovation that we're seeing now is the result of judges processing cases like a vegetable factory. Instead of cans of peas, you've got cases. You just move 'em, move 'em, move 'em. One of my colleagues on the bench said: "You know, I feel like I work for McJustice: we sure aren't good for you, but we are fast." (5) This emergence of problem-solving courts as an alternative to "McJustice" has begun to engender debate over the three foundational premises on which problem-solving courts rest: first, courts are appropriate institutions for solving the undertaken problems; second, the resources commanded for this problem-solving do not shortchange the resolution of more important but more complex problems; and third, the problem-solving protocols employed by these courts are effective. (6) While the outcome of this debate is of enormous importance to the continued existence of problem-solving courts, there is another important question. That question is whether problem-solving courts can be effectively maintained without damage to the individual protections afforded defendants under the due process mantle of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and under similar provisions found in state constitutions. This question arises primarily in a theoretical and speculative context because little empirical work has been done on the subject. There have been few reported cases challenging problem-solving courts' jurisdiction or procedure, and there is no consistent picture of the procedures necessary for the operation of a problem-solving court generally or for a particular type. The question is engendered by the sense expressed by both advocates and critics that problem-solving courts require a different role for judges, and perhaps lawyers, than that required by traditional courts. This difference is sharply expressed in the following remarks of Judge Cindy Lederman, the first judge in the Dade County drug court, and Professor Richard Cappalli, at the December 3, 1999 forum on problem-solving courts: Hon. Cindy Lederman: If we as judges accept this challenge, we're no longer the referee or the spectator. We're a participant in the process. We're not just looking at the offense any more. We're looking more and more at the best interests, not just of the defendant, but of the defendant's family and the community as well. (7) Cappalli: When judges move out of the box of the law and into working with individual defendants, transforming them from law-breaking citizens into law-abiding citizens, we have to worry. Because what has always protected the bench has been the law.... If we take the mantle of the law's protections off of the judges and put them into these new roles, we have to worry about judicial neutrality, independence, and impartiality. …


The present study was conducted at the Artificial Insemination Center under the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University and 3 selected regions of Mymensingh district (Bhabakhali, Boera and Douhakhula) to find out the reproductive performance of indigenous cows using Brahman cross-bred bull in a participatory breeding program. Semen characteristics of Brahman cross-bred breeding bulls were ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage were evaluated. A total of 1087 indigenous cows and four Brahman cross-bred breeding bulls (Bull ID ABG011, ABG012, ABG013 and ABG014) were used. Data on ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage of Brahman cross-bred breeding bulls were analyzed by SAS computer program. The pooled values of ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage were 4.00±0.06 ml, 69.19±0.29%, 1144.59±5.73 million/ml and 83.55±0.97%, respectively. The ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage were differed significantly (p<0.05) among the bulls in different seasons. Individual bull had significant (p<0.01) effect on the ejaculate volume, mass motility and sperm concentration. Season also had significant (p<0.01) effects on the ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage. Highest non-return rate (87.31%) was found on bull ABG012 in Bhabakhali where maximum conception rate (71.60%) was observed in Bhabakhali. The highest calving rate (96.29%) at second parity was obtained in Boera. Variations on ejaculate volume, mass motility, sperm concentration and live sperm percentage of Brahman cross-bred breeding bulls indicated that there is further scope to select breeding bull on the basis of semen production potential which would be use to upgrade indigenous cows for improving their beef production.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 173-181


The demographic database of Istat (www.istat.it)is explored and the main facts are extracted and described, both at the aggregate national level as well as at the regional one. This paper is completely self-standing but, at the same time, poses the basis for a more general analysis that will be dedicated to the functioning and sustainability of pay-as-you-go to finance the welfare system in developed countries. Other chapters follow.


A significant improvement in the measured peak‐to‐background ratio of highly‐correlated gamma‐ray cascades can be achieved through the use of high‐multiplicity gamma‐ray coincident events. We studied this effect using data from the 176Yb(22Ne,6n)192Hg reaction at a beam energy of 122 MeV using HERA at the LBL 88‐Inch cyclotron facility. An enriched set of all four‐ and higher‐fold coincidences was culled from these data.


There is increasing recognition that sport is important for individuals with haemophilia; however, there remains a paucity of data of the importance of this in adults, many of whom already have joint pathology related to childhood bleeds and treatment access. This multicentre, cross‐sectional study presents the impact of sport on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), physical performance and clinical outcomes in adults with haemophilia.


Previous work in query rewriting has made the restricting assumption that the rewritten query must be equivalent to the initially given query. We now propose to relax this assumption to allow for query rewriting in situations where equivalent rewritings may not exist { yet alternate not necessarily equivalent query rewritings may still be preferable to users over not receiving any answers at all. In this paper, we apply this concept of non-equivalent query rewriting to the problem of maintaining view deenitions (data warehouses), now allowing us to handle not only data but also schema-level changes of the underlying information sources. This relaxed query notion however raises the new issue of the evaluation of such queries. For this purpose, we introduce an analytical model of query rewritings that incorporates measures of information preservation (quality) of a query in addition to the commonly studied measures of view maintenance performance (query cost). Both quality and cost are integrated into one uniform model, called the Quality-Cost-Model or QC-Model, to allow for a trade-oo among these two measures. This model can be used to select a good view maintenance solution from among alternate (even if not equivalent) rewritings. Experimental studies have been conducted that validate the utility and accuracy of the proposed QC-model.


The parallel work of every branch engineering on the watercourse renovating engineering has importance significance for saving invest and shortening time for a project. This article suggests to build temporarily structure by scientific arranging constructing process of every workface and talks about the feasibility in technology.


From Words to Deeds First of all, I would like to thank UNESCO for inviting me, as chairman [President] of the International Council for Adult Education, to speak to you. Along with the other representatives of civil-society organizations, we have come here to work with you to advance the right to lifelong learning. We do so because we are convinced that the continuing development of knowledge and skills within the adult population is one of the most strategic investments that societies must make today. Furthermore, this is an urgent investment, without which mankind will not have the internal resources to cope with the challenges ahead, The bloody conflicts that arise, as was again the case last night in two African countries and as we see all too often on all continents, clearly demonstrate this. Without an informed and internally strong civil society, such disasters become inevitable. Yes, without spreading the freedom to learn and without strengthening the foundations of everyday diplomatic skills, the possibility of solving conflicts other than by bloody means becomes virtually inconceivable, regardless of the country. Adult education is an essential tool for peace. But how, then, can we truly succeed in investing in the lifelong learning of our citizens? During the preparatory discussions leading up to CONFINTEA VI, international, national, and nongovernmental partners all agreed that at this sixth International Conference on Adult Education we would have to move from words to action. For each and every partner, the mantra quickly became "from rhetoric to action," and has remained so in this final session of CONFINTEA VI. But if we are to truly move from words to action, there are two questions we must consider. First: why is it important, and even urgent, for adults and young people outside the school system to develop their potential? And second: what action do we take, how do we make this possible from here on in? Why Has It Become Necessary to Extend Education Throughout Life? The reason, or rather the reasons, for lifelong learning are important because they are the basis of the political will that this conference calls on us all to show. Why, then, should we invest in developing adults' capacity for initiative and in increasing their capacity for action? First, because the Millennium Development Goals, the MDGs, are not achievable without the active and informed participation of the entire population. We cannot fight HIV/AIDS without prevention. We cannot stem the rapid spread of this pandemic, any more so than that of malaria, without an informed population that is aware of preventive measures and without educational and health promotion activities. This is what we call adult education. We will not be able to provide primary education for all children in the world without the active participation of parents, without giving them the means to equip themselves for this purpose and without parental education. This, too, is what we call adult education. We will not succeed in reducing hunger in the world without overcoming the food crisis, without helping farmers and rural populations to increase yields on their land, and without investing heavily in agricultural expansion or popularization. And this is what we mean by adult education. The text presenting the Millennium Development Goals does not at any point mention education for adults and young people outside school, though it is in fact implied everywhere as a necessary condition for the realization of these goals. We cannot take on these eight major challenges that mankind set itself at the beginning of this millennium if 20%, 30%, 40%, or even 60% of the adult population has no way of accessing tools to work towards these goals. None of the Millennium Development Goals can be achieved without the active participation of young people and adults, and therefore without their education. …


This paper is concerned with the philosophy behind development of a new course Computer Simulation of Metal Forming Processes at Kettering University (formerly, GMI Engineering & Management Institute) in Flint, Michigan. Kettering University has a unique undergraduate program that requires all students to go through a 5-year co-op experience beginning in the first year and a required fifth year thesis. In talking to several co-op company advisors and based on advising several fifth year thesis students for the past two years at Kettering University, it is becoming apparent that validation of virtual forming outcomes of intricate and complex sheet metal parts with real forming is rapidly gaining importance. This is particularly true in the early stages of product and process design, because of the high cost and time associated with real forming using hard tooling. Students working in this or similar virtual product and process design areas need to be trained in order to meet the demands of such industries. In a class room environment, however, the use of virtual forming is enhanced by demonstrating that the virtual process provides solutions very nearly identical to the real process. In order for the students to have instant feedback of virtual forming technology, real forming by use of hard tooling is necessary and crucial for their proper understanding of the forming process itself. It is believed that no other school offers a course coupling at the undergraduate level that combines both virtual and real forming. The ultimate goal of this course coupling is to bridge this gap. Initially, however, product and process design in the area of sheet metal forming is addressed.


Gas insulated switchgears (GISs) with SF6 gas with superior insulation and interruption performances used as an insulating medium have realized significant downsizing of substation facilities. GISs have been in use in substation facilities for more than 30 years and are expected to be used for an even longer period of time in the future. To realize effective operation and maintenance of highly aged apparatuses, it is necessary to establish insulation diagnosis technology that can be used to detect and accurately assess a discharge phenomenon occurring in a GIS. An effective diagnosis method for the prevention of a facility contingency is to detect a partial discharge (PD) that occurs as a precursory phenomenon of dielectric breakdown. Whereas many of the diagnosis technologies for a PD are based on electrical measurements, the focus in this study was placed on the insulation diagnosis for decomposed gases generated by the energy of a discharge. Chemical measurements for detecting decomposed gases are less influenced by noise and more reliable than electrical measurements. Furthermore, an abnormality can be detected even if a PD does not occur at the time of measurement because decomposed gases build up. This method can also be applied to a fault location. This paper describes creating the prototypes of decomposed gas sensors based on solid electrolytes to detect fluoride gases. The sensors with different output types, i.e., "voltage-output type" and "current-output type", were examined. The "voltage-output type" is suited for diagnosis in a wide range of concentrations whereas the "current-output type" has a good detection sensitivity in a low-concentration range. Furthermore, the "hybrid" sensor, which features a combination of the "voltage-output type" and "current-output type", was prototyped and evaluated, resulting in a finding of a good development possibility for a sensor that has both the advantages of these two types without impairment to either of them.


It is critical to create an inclusive online learning environment for students with diverse demographic information studying in different environments, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic when they are disconnected from peers. Guided to create an inclusive online learning community by situated learning theory and community of practice, both of which advocate learning in context and community, we invited 115 undergraduate students to post photos related to environmental psychology concepts and their surrounding environments and discussed their postings on Instagram over eight weeks. To understand the inclusiveness of the community and students' perception, we collected their posts by searching designated hashtags and interviewed representatives of participants using a stratified sampling strategy. Through network analysis of 272 posts and qualitative analysis of 22 in‐depth interviews, we found that when participants shared and discussed their surroundings and environmental psychology concepts on Instagram, their learning community was inclusive regarding gender, ethnicity, and program. Student participants' centrality and influence were more relevant to whether and how they expressed their identities in the community through posts. We further discuss how our findings could inform to create inclusive and active communities in the future. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic? The definition of inclusive education extends to diversity and accessibility. Social media can support online learning communities. What this paper adds? It explores the inclusiveness of an Instagram‐based learning community using network analysis. It suggests expressing identities in a learning community helps promote inclusiveness. Implications of this study for practice and/or policy It provides information to education practitioners that will help them create inclusive and active communities through social media. It explores the possibility of analysing the inclusiveness of a learning community through social network analysis. What is already known about this topic? The definition of inclusive education extends to diversity and accessibility. Social media can support online learning communities. What this paper adds? It explores the inclusiveness of an Instagram‐based learning community using network analysis. It suggests expressing identities in a learning community helps promote inclusiveness. Implications of this study for practice and/or policy It provides information to education practitioners that will help them create inclusive and active communities through social media. It explores the possibility of analysing the inclusiveness of a learning community through social network analysis. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of British Journal of Educational Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


In traditional mathematics it is legitimate to apply a (partial) function to an argument outside of its domain, but the resulting term is treated as having no value. Moreover, the informal logic of traditional mathematics is two-valued despite the presence of nondenoting terms. This paper shows how this traditional approach to partial functions can be implemented in mechanized mathematics systems.


The Information Technology (IT) field continues to evolve at a rapid pace over the past decade, and management has embraced the directives of innovation, cooperative effort, and efficiency as organizational objectives. From a practice perspective, IT project managers have evaluated the distributed leadership style quite favorably in recent years. Furthermore, there is an emerging area of research that reflects interest in the application of the shared leadership model to the everyday functioning of project managers. At the same time, research investigations supporting shared leadership principles have appeared across the broad areas of organizational and work psychology. To date, a systematic review of this diverse body of knowledge has not appeared. To that end, the current article seeks to a) discuss the integrative role of the contemporary IT Project Manager in today's business environment, b) provide a contextual framework of the shared leadership model, c) review empirical studies about the effectiveness of shared leadership principles, d) examine the interface of IT project management and shared leadership, and e) suggest recommendations that may foster the nexus of shared leadership and the project management field.


Abstract: Some insulating materials are organized and analyzed with variables to obtain the optimized profile of encapsulated three phase of epoxy barrier which is applied to gas compartment and supporting conductors for high voltage GIS (gas insulated switchgear). The high voltage GIS is used in electrical power system and operating reliability. In this paper, optimization possibility of barrier shape including both electrical insulation performance and mechanical strength, premised on that condition minimizing volume and light weight should be kept for high voltage GIS, could be achieved by analysis simulation. As a result, filling material which is lower permittivity such as SiO 2 instead of Al 2 O 3 properly to the epoxy material, can be improved to increase the electrical insulation performance and mechanical strength for an optimized profile barrier of a high voltage GIS. Keywords: High voltage GIS, Barrier, Enclosure, Epoxy, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Filler, SF 6 , Electric field, Permittivity1. 서 론


Dutch schools increasingly work towards stimulating healthy choices among adolescents through the Dutch Healthy School-approach. However, interventions and programs are difficult to sustainably embed and maintain in every day practice, and long term effects remain limited. In order to achieve (sustainable) implementation of Healthy School initiatives, it is advocated that the dynamic nature and the complexity of real-life practice needs to be embraced rather than avoided. Two central themes seem to arise when looking at indicators for successful implementation: a) contextualization is key to ensure that local initiatives are tailored to the dynamic and unique context of the school, and b) stakeholders in a school need to feel ownership and need to be empowered by means of leadership, collaboration and community involvement. In order for stakeholders to address these themes, a focus on the concept of 'building community capacity' can be an interesting strategy. This pertains 'the development of knowledge, skills, ownership, leadership, structures and systems to enable effective health promotion'. Despite the fact that community capacity has long been recognized as an important indicator of program success, there is no simple, clear approach available to translate this into a strategy for practice, and to measure the development and impact of such a strategy. This dissertation aims to explore whether and how building community capacity can work as a strategy to (sustainably) implement a context-specific a broadly supported Healthy School-initiative in Dutch secondary schools. In the Fit Lifestyle at School and at Home (FLASH) intervention four prevocational schools in the Netherlands were encouraged to create a Healthy School community that specifically stimulated physical activity and healthy dietary behavior among pupils. The theoretical principles of FLASH are based on the Community Readiness to Change-method, resulting in four capacity-building strategies: 1) identifying and motivating leaders; 2) promoting a participatory school culture; 3) designing and implementing tailored health-promotion activities; and 4) creating a local network of collaborations and resources.

Findings illustrated that these strategies, as explored in FLASH, can provide a reference to translate the concept of building community capacity to the real-life practice of Dutch secondary schools. By focusing on capacity-building, schools put more emphasis on the process of becoming a Healthy School that suits their unique and dynamic context. Engaging in continuous conversations about where to go and who and what is needed to get there, enabled stakeholders to move beyond organizing health-topic-specific activities and realize change is also needed on an organizational level. As a result, schools particularly increased their use of strategies concerning leadership and participatory school culture. At the same time, these efforts did not (yet) lead to improved health and health behavior among adolescents, and we observed a stagnation on the "initiation" stage of readiness in all capacity-building strategies. A contributing factor to this observation is that experiences of stakeholders in FLASH show that building community capacity is a long-term process and new focus for stakeholders, and therefore requires time to understand and grow. Because community capacity-building activities initially focus on organizational processes rather than directly stimulating healthy behavior through health promotion activities, delays in the system of a Healthy School community on health-related outcomes can occur. Nevertheless, it is worth engaging in a continued capacity-building process of a "Plan-Do-Check-Act" cycle that can potentially be sustained. By building on the expertise of professionals, the opportunities in and around the school system, and the needs and wants of community members, continuous improvement can be evoked so that schools get into an upward spiral. This can help stakeholders build a strong and professional Healthy School based on an integral approach that is embedded in the school's DNA.


Cyber-physical microgrids are vulnerable to stealth attacks that can degrade their stability and operability by performing low-magnitude manipulations in a coordinated manner. This paper formulates the interactions between CSAs and microgrid defenders as a non-cooperative, zero-sum game. Additionally, it presents a hybrid Moving Target Defense (MTD) strategy for distributed microgrids that can dynamically alter local control gains to achieve resiliency against Coordinated Stealth Attacks (CSAs). The proposed strategy reduces the success probability of attack(s) by making system dynamics less predictable. The framework also identifies and removes malicious injections by modifying secondary control weights assigned to them. The manipulated signals are reconstructed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based Digital Twin (DT) to preserve stability. To guarantee additional immunity against instability arising from gain alterations, MTD decisions are also validated (via utility and best response computations) using the DT before actual implementation. The DT is also used to find the minimum perturbation that defenders must achieve to invalidate an attacker's knowledge effectively.


Superconductor electronics (SCE) is competing to become a platform for efficient implementations of neuromorphic computing and deep learning algorithms (DLAs) with projects mostly concentrating on searching for gates that would better mimic behavior of real neurons. In contrast, we believe that most of the required components have already been demonstrated during the long history of SCE, whereas the missing part is how to organize these components to efficiently implement DLAs. We propose a family of logic/memory cells in which stored multi-bit data are encoded by quasi-analog currents or magnetic flux in superconductor loops while transmitted data are encoded as the rate of SFQ pulses. We designed, fabricated, and tested some of the basic cells to demonstrate a proof of concept, e.g., a unipolar and bipolar multipliers based on Josephson junction comparators. We coined the term bioSFQ to clearly connote close but distinguishable relations between the conventional SFQ electronics and its new neuromorphic paradigm.


Stratospheric aerosols originating from Mt. Pinatubo (15.14oN, 120.35oE), which erupted violently on June 15, 1991, were observed by lidar at Naha (26.2oN, 127.7oE) on Okinawa Island. Aerosols had already reached Okinawa by mid September 1991, the start point of this observation series. The altitude range of the aerosol layer is from just above the tropopause to about 30km. The total amount of aerosols began to increase in mid November corresponding to the appearance of layers at higher altitude, in the 30 to 33km region, and maximum backscattering ratio 23.1 was observed at 25.8km altitude on December 4, 1991. Depolarization ratio observations demonstrated that there were not only volcanic ash particles present but also spherical particles, probably sulphate droplets, from the start of this observation series. The highly depolarized region was observed on lower side of the layer and lower depolarization on the higher side. The depolarization ratio reached a peak value of 0.22 at about 16.4km on November 18, 1991, and has gradually decreased since.


Background. obesity developing in the early years is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. this contributes to the need for the earliest possible diagnosis of overweight in children. there is a noticeable underdiagnosis of obesity, most often in children between 5 and 12 years of age, as well as in adolescents. Objectives. the aim of the study was to estimate the correlation between anthropometric measurements that are most commonly used in the diagnosis of obesity. Material and methods. the study involved 150 children, during their rehabilitation and wellness stay at crr KrUs in szklarska Poreba in 2017. the entire group performed basic anthropometric measurements – height, body weight, waist circumference and thickness of the deltoid skin fold. Body composition analysis was performed using the tanita analyzer. Results. a statistically significant correlation between the studied parameters was assumed (p < 0.001). the parameter showing the highest level of correlation with other measured parameters was the BMi percentile, BMi value and cole index. among the parameters not based on growth and weight in the boys' group, the most important was the percentile of the waist circumference (r = 0.76), while in the girls' group, the content of adipose tissue (r = 0,74). Conclusions. the BMi and centile BMi results were the parameters of the highest value in the diagnosis and monitoring of excessive body weight in children. in addition, neither weight nor growth measurements should be used to determine the amount and location of adipose tissue.


PURPOSE: A system for searching an expert using the Internet and a method for managing the same are provided to enable a user who wishes to obtain information through the Internet to receive necessary information promptly through a real time communication with an expert of a corresponding field. CONSTITUTION: A user(100) capable of connecting to the Internet(300), an information supply server(400) for supplying various information through the Internet, and an operating server(200) which is linked with databases(210,212,214) including various kinds of information and searches/supplies an information provider are provided. A classifying module(202) registers persons who wish supply information as a member, respectively, and stores/manages contents related to the information provider in a database. A search module(204) searches the database and selects an information provider corresponded to a query language inputted by the user. A communication managing module(206) connects the user client to the information supply server in real time, and makes the user client and the information supply server transmit/receive various kinds of information thereto.


/ ^k n eldt L M & livit I m the ^ l erly woman is shot by her only L living relative. The woman is brought to emergency department at Saint Louis University Hospital. The perpetrator is arrested and put in jail. The woman is paralyzed, unconscious, and eventually put on a ventilator and moved to the intensive care unit. She is obviously unable to make decisions on her own behalf. Her only relative appears to be the person who shot her and is incarcerated and cannot, therefore, legally make medical decisions for the patient. During the course of several weeks, the woman undergoes numerous medical procedures. The chaplain of the intensive care unit and the medical and nursing staff communicate serious ethical concerns about procedures and treatments given to this patient.


This article considers the care choice of a potentially bankrupt injurer when care is pecuniary and the legal system is characterized by strict liability. I show, contrary to previous results, that such an injurer may take too little or too much care, and that neither injurer care nor victim welfare is necessarily increasing in injurer wealth when injurers behave optimally. Analysis of an "expected cost function" demonstrates that injurer expected costs are a concave and increasing function of injurer assets, a result suggesting applications to the study of vertical relationships and markets for agents.


Investigating the structure and assessing the psychometric properties of Likert scales before their application is a prerequisite of scaling theory. However, there are instances in the literature where Likert scales that were developed as a multidimensional measurement of the underlying construct have been applied without first validating their structure and reporting on their reliability. In this paper, to discourage such applications, the required sequence of decisions for such an investigation and assessment based on current theory and practice is demonstrated using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-form (PSQ-18), a six-dimensional Likert measurement instrument. Although the findings did not confirm the dimensionality of the PSQ-18, they did provide an overall valid and reliable scale, emphasizing the need of validating its structure before application.


In view of the complex test environment and characteristics of measurement data,through a deep analysis of the causes of abnormal data,a method for eliminating abnormal data based on two-sided test of measurement result data by use of polynomial fitting was presented.When the test result met the repairing condition,weighted repairing was conducted for the eliminated data.Real data test showed that this method can effectively overcome the influence of data mutation and paragraph step,has better model stability and higher abnormal data eliminating rate,which can meet the actual requirement of experimental task and is of high practical value in engineering.


We evaluated potential interactions of stand type, harvesting method, and equipment in an experiment using interactive simulation. We examined three felling methods (chain saw, feller-buncher, harvester) and two extraction methods (grapple skidder and forwarder) performing clearcuts, shelterwood cuts, and single-tree selection cuts in both an uneven-aged natural stand and an even-aged planted stand. Elemental time, distance traveled, travel intensity, and hourly productivity were estimated for each combination of stand type, harvesting method, and equipment. This technique provides a useful tool for comparing alternative systems in a range of harvesting situations.


One of the most prominent NF- k B target genes in mammalian cells is the gene encoding one of its inhibitor proteins, I k B a . The increased synthesis of I k B a leads to postinduction repression of nuclear NF- k B activity. However, it is unknown why I k B a , among multiple I k B family members, is involved in this process and what significance this feedback regulation has beyond terminating NF- k B activity. Herein, we report an important I k B a -specific function dictated by its amino-terminal nuclear export sequence (N-NES). The I k B a N-NES is necessary for the postinduction export of nuclear NF- k B, which is a critical event in reestablishing a permissive condition for NF- k B to be rapidly reactivated. We show that although I k B a and another I k B member, I k B b , can enter the nucleus and repress NF- k B DNA-binding activity during the postinduction phase, only I k B a allows the efficient export of nuclear NF- k B. Moreover, swapping the N-terminal region of I k B b for the corresponding I k B a sequence is sufficient for the I k B chimera protein to export NF- k B similarly to I k B a during the postinduction state. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation of why I k B a but not other I k B members is crucial for postrepression


This paper describes the deposition and characterization of Ce-modified HfO2 thin films. Layers were deposited on Si(100) substrates by thermal atomic layer deposition using (MeCp)2Hf(OMe)(Me), Ce(mmp)4, and H2O as the precursors. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and medium energy ion scattering were used to measure the thicknesses and compositions of the deposited films. After postdeposition annealing, a metastable cubic phase is found to be stabilized in the films. Capacitance–voltage measurements have been used to characterize the dielectric properties of deposited films before and after two annealing regimes. The equivalent oxide thickness of an as-deposited sample with nominal high-κ dielectric thickness of 6 nm is circa 2.8 nm from which the dielectric constant 31 was calculated. The leakage current density is in order of 10−6 A/cm2 at ±1 V. The fabrication of Ce-HfO2 films without plasma or O3-based atomic layer deposition represents a potentially useful manufacturing route for future scaled devices.


We study spontaneous and stimulated three photon generation rates in resonant and non-resonant structures. In the stimulated regime, we find that current technology allows for the generation of 105 photons per second in both structures.


Abstract The vomeronasal system has been shown to mediate feeding responses in several species of snakes. Most studies, however, have been done on snakes of the families Colubridae and Crotalidae. The role of the vomeronasal system in mediating feeding responses was examined in a member of the Boidae, Boa constrictor imperator . Young boa constrictors were presented with a mouse model that was either scented with mouse odours or unscented. In addition, the snakes underwent trials with their vomeronasal ducts plugged with glue (VNX) or with glue placed on one side of the mouth (Sham). Young boas responded to scented mouse models by tongue-flicking and striking the model; they responded to the models only under the Sham condition. The VNX condition resulted in no strikes and virtually no tongue flicking, suggesting that boa constrictors show appropriate feeding responses to mouse chemicals presented on a model and only respond when the vomeronasal system is intact.


Accurate and automatic detection of clouds in satellite scenes is a key issue for a wide range of remote sensing applications. With no accurate cloud masking, undetected clouds are one of the most significant source of error in both sea and land cover biophysical parameter retrieval. Sensors with spectral channels beyond 1 um have demonstrated good capabilities to perform cloud masking. This spectral range can not be exploited by recently developed hyperspectral sensors that work in the spectral range between 400- 1000 nm. However, one can take advantage of their high number of channels and spectral resolution to increase the cloud detection accuracy, and to describe properly the detected clouds (cloud type, height, subpixel coverage, could shadows, etc.) In this paper, we present a methodology for cloud detection that could be used by sensors working in the VNIR range. First, physically-inspired features are extracted (TOA reflectance and their spectral derivatives, atmospheric oxygen and water vapour absorptions, etc). Second, growing maps are built from cloud-like pixels to select regions which potentially could contain clouds. Then, an unsupervised clustering algorithm is applied in these regions using all extracted features. The obtained clusters are labeled into geo-physical classes taking into account the spectral signature of the cluster centers. Finally, an spectral unmixing algorithm is applied to the segmented image in order to obtain an abundance map of the cloud content in the cloud pixels. As a direct consequence of the detection scheme, the proposed system is capable to yield probabilistic outputs on cloud detected pixels in the image, rather than flags. Performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on six CHRIS/Proba Mode 1 images, which presents a spatial resolution of 32 m, 62 spectral bands with 6-20 nm bandwidth, and multiangularity.


The Field of Discourse Analysis The Field of Discourse Analysis Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory Critical Discourse Analysis Discursive Psychology Across the Approaches Critical Social Constructionist Research


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Human physical exercise is influenced by hemoglobin levels in the blood, stimulant testing of underlying fatigue should be tested for Hb levels. This study aims to determine the increase in stimulation and hemoglobin levels of white rats using beetroot and apple juice. The method used for stimulant testing was the endurance test using a rotarod and for measuring Hb levels using the sahli method with a hemometer. The data observed were the duration of resistance on rotarod stick which were rotated, the experimental animals used were 25 animals divided into 5 treatment groups with each group of 5 rats namely: group of beetroot and apple (1: 1) (2.8g: 0.63mg / 200gBB), comparison (2: 1) of (5.6g: 0.63mg / 200gBB), comparison (1: 2) of (2.8g: 1.26mg / 200gBB), negative control (-) (CMC-Na 0.5%) and positive  control (+) caffeine 20 mg / 200g BB. Dosage treatment is carried out in one day.The results showed that the combination of beetroot and apple juice had an increase in stimulant and hemoglobin levels of white rats with the most effective dose for stimulant enhancement and Hb levels were found in the second dose compared to beetroot and apple juice (2: 1) 5.6 g / 200gBB: 0.63 g / 200gBB.


In recent years,tourism industry has developed into an economic leading industry gradually and competition fiercely in the industry,so it is imperative to create classic tourist scenic spot,while tourism scenic spot service quality directly reflect the overall level of the scenic spot. Based on the related research literature available,according to the characteristics of traditional six elements,the method of the Importance-Performance Analysis( IPA) and the system of scenic spot service quality evaluation were applied to study the importance of service quality and satisfaction from tourists perspective. Through data collection by questionnaires and data statistics and processing by Spss19. 0 software,we have drowned a diagram of four quadrant base on IPA measures finally. The results indicated that satisfaction and the performance of service quality of Cuihua mountain scenic spot overall was at a general level,because there was too much input into construction,and led to unreasonable resource allocation. The importance score of tourist view was higher than satisfaction,there has be differences between tourist expectation and perception.


What is the most accurate way to set pain-and-suffering awards? Is it by enacting rules that uniformly apply to a range of situations or developing rules in a case-by-case, individualized fashion? Although the different pain-and-suffering rationales have been intensively discussed, limited attention has been given to their implications regarding the general or case-by-case-law issue. The paper takes into account several approaches to pain-and-suffering damages in order to determine if, on balance, they lead us to seek accuracy through general or case-by-case law. This may enable us to advance a view on this problem that is to some extent unaffected by the flaws of each approach.


sation and measurement error for national data sets collected by several centres, we have confidence in the soundness of the NHF data. The present study, as well as others'> reports an association between activity and cholesterol for men but not for women. The few studies that measured HDL or the HDUtotal cholesterol ratio found a positive association in both sexes, although the relationship observed in the present study between activity and HDL cholesterol in men may be influenced by education. The observed relationship between activity and triglycerides was significant in both sexes. It was stronger for men than women, a finding supported by others.v' No clear pattern emerged for the relationship between activity and blood pressure, although the present findings suggest a favourable relationship only for older men. Other studies have suggested an inverse relationship between activity and blood pressure in men without reporting interaction effects between age and activity""·'" The relationship between physical activity and BMI in women was significant, after adjustment for age, education and city. This is concordant with other research, as reviewed by Blair et aI., who reported a consistent cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between BMI (leanness) and participation in activity!' The bivariate observation of no relationship between alcohol consumption and activity is concordant with Blair's summation of the literature. Our bivariate observation of an association between smoking status and activity was not typical of the literature; the evidence of this association from other studies remains equivocal. 2. Longitudinal studies have provided a less consistent picture of the association between activity and CHD risk factors. Sedgwick and associates followed a selfselected group of fitness centre attenders in Adelaide for four years, and apart from the HDUtotal cholesterol ratio, found little relationship between fitness levels and risk factors.' Another study in the same setting reported that fitness predicted very little of the variance in risk factor change in a cohort of 290 women." Sallis et al. also conducted a prospective study, and found a relationship between activity and the HDUtotal cholesterol ratio.' and Salonen reported that the observed relationships between vigorous physical activity and other CHD risk factors weakened the independent predictive contribution of activity upon CHD mortality." In summary, the correlations between activity or fitness and the levels of CHD risk factors appear to be modest, but are strongest for HDL cholesterol and the HDUtotal cholesterol ratio. A favourable effect on BMI appears in numerous studies, and the effects on blood pressure and total cholesteol remain uncertain, with a slightly stronger association for men. Other Australian studies have demonstrated a relationship between biological CHD risk factors, educattonv and occupation." In a recent report using another large population data set, we have shown an independent relationship between exercise and factors such as education, age, sex and income." This paper has examined the interrelationships between exercise and biological measures of CHD risk, which in turn are also related to education, gender and age. Those who provide exercise advice in the clinical context should be cognisant of these sociodemographic determinants of biological CHD risk factors as well as of participation in physical activity. However, assessmentof these data provides evidence that the relationship between exercise and biological CHD risk factors is relatively slight, and exercise promotion may have only an adjunctive, rather than a central, role in the control of blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass.


Since the initial report of targeted-enrichment (Albert et al, 2007) we have been evolving the design and utility of capture reagents and methods, while taking advantage of the parallel advances in sequencing platforms. New exome designs target a comprehensive set of coding exons from 6 different gene databases, as well as computationally predicted coding and non-coding elements: regulatory regions, and conserved UTRs. Library automation, reduction of DNA input samples, capture hybridization multiplexing and application of faster read mapping tools such as BWA, together allow a rate of >4,300 libraries/captures per month, with >40,000 exome and regional capture libraries completed to date. In addition, a fully integrated informatics and analysis pipeline (Mercury), supports all aspects of data flow and analysis from the initial data production on the sequencing instrument to annotated variant calls (SNPs and small Indels). These laboratory methods and analysis pipelines have been production hardened at the Human Genome Sequencing Center (HGSC) and have now been applied toward clinical exome sequencing. Through a joint collaboration between the Human Genome Sequencing Center and the Medical Genetics Laboratories (MGL) of the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, clinical exome sequencing and interpretation are now provided through the CAP/CLIA certified Whole Genome Laboratory (WGL). To date, the WGL has completed exome sequencing of 650 patient samples and final interpretation completed for over 450 patients with causative deleterious mutations identified in 25% of cases. Performance has been maintained to a high standard of 95% of the exome target bases represented at 20X coverage. Overall exome performance metrics, LIMS support, variant analysis and validation of the clinical pipeline for a CAP/CLIA environment will be presented.


In my dissertation, I offer a new reading of Thomas Reid's philosophy of mind, in which I bring attention to his so far overlooked view that we can entertain a singular thought about an individual substance – we can think directly about a particular object. What emerges is a picture of Reid's theory as psychologically sophisticated, anticipating some very recent and influential views in empirical psychology., address central issues in philosophy of mind, psychology and vision science. Our ability to have singular thoughts is one of the recurring themes throughout his investigation. Whereas for Hume we do not have notions of individual substances, but only of bundles of qualities, for Reid the human mind is able to think in an immediate manner about individual bodies populating the external world. This is a very broad claim, since 'thinking' is a catch-all term for Reid, designed to refer to every operation of the mind: conceiving , perceiving, remembering, and imagining are all ways of thinking about external objects. I discuss the way in which singular thoughts occur in each of these faculties and explain how this singularity is brought about in some seemingly difficult cases. Reid does not use the terminology of " singular thought " , which became widespread in the twentieth-century, once the lessons from Russell and Quine had been fully appreciated. In Chapter 1, however, I show that his interest in our ability to think about individual substances in the world places him squarely within this tradition. After surveying recent work on singular thought, starting with Russell and ending with work by Bach, Recanati, and Jeshion, I argue that Reid's way of distinguishing between singular and general thoughts is interestingly different from theirs. Reid holds the surprising, but natural view that the nature of the objects of singular thoughts is what makes those thoughts singular: if we think about individuals, we think singularly; if we think about universals, we think generally. His position is important not only because it offers a new starting point for the examination of the connection between the mind and the world, but also because it draws attention to an overlooked solution to a long-standing problem. Some philosophers argue that in order to entertain a singular thought about an object, we have to think about it bare, without any of its properties. Since attributes are general, they seem to somehow taint the singularity of the …