sults for IP-10), although ceiling effects may limit MSD for some markers (Figure 1D). We analyzed the association of these and other markers with the ratio of CSF total-tau (t-tau) to Ab42, a widely used index of disease progression. Even in this limited sample, we observed significant correlation (p <0.05) between IL-1b, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, or TNF-a (all measurable using both platforms) and log t-tau/Ab42 (e.g., Figure 1A, 1B). MCP-4 and TARC were also correlated with log t-tau/Ab42, but were measurable by MSD only. Conclusions: Changes in markers of AD progression may be used in high-risk populations to assess potential of candidate preventive interventions. The importance of inflammatory processes in AD pathogenesis is suggested by a strong association between several inflammatory markers and an established index of AD progression. Our results suggest a rationale for testing anti-inflammatory treatments as potential preventives that may delay onset of AD symptoms – now under investigation in INTREPAD. The longitudinal pattern of individual inflammatory markers and their response to NSAID treatment may reveal much about the etio-pathogenesis of AD.


In the presence of NaOH and Na2SO3,a novel non-cyanide gold-leaching technology was introduced by investigating the technical parameters for gold reclaiming from the sludge in wastewater pond of a gold mine.Single factor tests and orthogonal test show that,adopting thiosulfate technique,gold recovery could exceed 90.1% after leached for 3 h in alkaline environment at temperature of 50~55 ℃,and the optimum feeding mass/mass ratios of reagents to the dried sludge are: Na2S2O3·5H2O 72.1%,NaOH 11.3%and Na2SO3 11.3%.


A method to determine depth of interaction (DOI) from a PET detector module is described and evaluated. The basic element of the DOI detector module is a two crystal detector unit. The hypothesis is that by controlling how light is shared between two crystals (A and B) DOI information can be extracted from the ratio of light collected using simple Anger logic [(A-B)/(A+B)]. The interface between crystals is designed so that a significant amount of light is shared when a photon interacts near the front face of a crystal and very little light is shared when an interaction occurs near the back of a crystal. The effects of surface treatment (e.g., polished, roughened) and optical coupling compounds are investigated. BGO, GSO and LSO detector units have been evaluated. A DOI uncertainty of /spl sim/6 mm was attained for the front section (/spl sim/4 mm) of a 2/spl times/2/spl times/20 mm LSO detector unit. A method to decode a 64 crystal detector module (32 detector units) using a 16 channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube is described.


Preserving data security is essential especially when sending information over a network. Clearly, it has many important aspects like authentication, encryption, firewalls, etc. However, the computer society has not yet agreed on a standard method to measure data security and consequently to date no specific security metric has been defined for routing purposes. In this paper available and running network security technologies namely access control, authentication and encryption are used to define a routing metrics based on network security. These metrics are believed to be good, reasonable and practical. Because authentication is regarded as the first line of defence against intrusion, cryptography is the key tool that ensures secure transmission of data while traversing the network and access control systems help in guaranteeing the availability of services been delivered by the information system. Each metric thus represents one of the three goals of security (confidentiality, integrity and availability) and demonstrates the level of achievement in preserving that goal.


This article examines the medieval reception history of De coloribus. This pseudo-Aristotelian treatise on colors was translated from Greek into Latin in the thirteenth century, but the question of its success and use by contemporary scholars has not yet received any attention. After an examination of its medieval commentary tradition, the marginal glosses, and the first attestations, I conclude that De coloribus was scarcely used in the medieval Latin West, although the translation survived in a significant number of manuscripts. In the second part of the article, I look into some possible explanations for this limited reception history. One of the main factors is the availability of several alternative discussions on color in the Aristotelian corpus as well as in the non-Aristotelian scientific literature.


The asymmetric volatility of stock return is a common market dynamic of high market volatility, which occurs when the market is in upward trend than downward. The present study aimed at measuring the asymmetric effect of the daily return of Indian and Chinese stock market indices, for the period between 01/01/1992 and 1/12/2015. By modeling the returns, with extended GARCH family models, the study found that the negative news influenced the volatility than positive news, for the majority of markets, under the study. However, for one of the Chinese market (Shanghai Composite), the impact of good news recorded great impact than the bad shocks.


The calculation of absorbed and effective doses due to the administration of radiopharmaceuticals needs physical data such as radionuclide's half-life and nuclear decay data. Also, it needs the data on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the body. This process is time-consuming, and there is a possibility of human error in the calculations. Therefore, computer programs were developed to facilitate and speed up the dose calculation. The purpose of this paper is to report the steps taken for the development of the second version of InRaDoS. InRaDoS 2 is a free computer program for internal dosimetry. This program was developed using the tkinter module of Python programming language. The dose calculations were based on the MIRD method and only for adults. The user can calculate the doses for revised ORNL or ICRP adult reference phantoms. For now, 98 and 29 radiopharmaceuticals (138 and 42 biokinetic models) are available for the revised ORNL and ICRP adult reference phantoms, respectively. The results of the InRaDoS 2 show good agreement with the published data and free available software. InRaDoS 2 is freely available for download on GitHub (https://github.com/farzinsafarnejad/InRaDoS-2).


The vehicle seat heater 10 that is mounted to the vehicle seat 50 has a base sheet 12, and a heater wire 14 disposed on the substrate sheet 12. Heater wire 14 is disposed so as not orthogonal to predict Shiwarain R of the base sheet 12. This allows the vehicle seat heater 10 is caused by repeated deformation, to suppress the disconnection of the heater wire 14.


Positioning of mobile users in cellular systems is an area attracting large interest and the number of applications for the location information is growing rapidly. Several location techniques are ready for deployment: cell identification, terrestrial signal triangulation, satellite navigation, angle of arrival, and so forth. Smart combinations of techniques are also proposed. All of them provide a certain degree of Quality of Service (QoS), which is usually measured in terms of accuracy, response time, availability, and consistency. In this paper, we propose a geometrical method to find the location of the mobile user using a simulation program in MATLAB (6.5 and/or 7.8). The mobile can calculate its position based on the distances from three base station antennas. We also present the simulation results which are accurate with the geometrical methods available to find the location of the mobile. The proposed method is applied to many indoor and outdoor propagation models to find the location of the mobile terminals in a wireless environment.


This paper discusses the design of the motion pattern generator used for elevator vertical movements. A typical S-Curve like pattern generator dedicated to be used on microcontroller-based system is proposed. Pattern can be easily optimized to various needs by changing the acceleration and jerk setting. It features in direct landing of the elevator cabin and precise position correction. The performance specification, uncertainties in the realistic case and constraints of designing an elevator motion controller when using microcontroller are also introduced. An elevator motion controller using a mid-end microcontroller is implemented using the discussed new pattern generator to verify the design. Simulation and experimental results have shown that the proposed pattern generator is robust to disturbance and can meet the specification.


................................................................................................... 2 Chapter I: Introduction .......................................................................................... 7 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 8 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................. 8 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 8 Importance of the Study ................................................................................ 9 Definition of Terms ................................................................................... 9 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................. 1 0 Assumptions of the Study ........................................................................... 10 Chapter II: Review of Literature ........................................................................... 11 History of Transracial Adoption ................................................................... 11 Cultural Socialization ................................................................................. 12 Feelings Toward Biological Culture ...................................................... , ....... 13 Commitment to Adoptee's Biological Culture .. , ., ... ,." ...................................... 15 Implications for Counselors and Other School Personnel.. ................................... 17 Chapter III: Methodology ................................ , ...... , .. , .. , .. ,., ..................... , .......... 20 Research Design .................................................................................... 20 Sample Selection .................................................................................... 20 Instrumentation ........................................................... , ....... , .......... , ....... 20 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 21 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 21


ABSTRACT Tanzania is currently experiencing a significant growth in population with potential food shortages predicted in the next few years. Global warming is causing a serious threat on food production because lands used for agriculture can no longer produce food. As a result of this, food prices are raising sharply causing an adverse effect in the economy where the standard of living is now very high.  As a way to address this problem, the Government of Tanzania has prepared a "Kilimo Kwanza" initiative which aims at revolutionizing agriculture to increase food security in the country. Access to agriculture finance is one of the pillars of this initiative. In this regard, the study examined challenges facing agriculture sector in accessing credit from financial institutions using horticulture subsector as a case. It examined factors that make agriculture financing risky and evaluated the gap that exists between farmers and financial institutions. Furthermore it evaluated strategies used by financial institutions to give credit to farmers and examined the impact of financing agriculture in Tanzania. This was a qualitative study which used a sample of 48 respondents from the two active horticultural production regions in Tanzania, Arusha and Kilimanjaro. The study revealed that agriculture financing is an important catalyst in stimulating agricultural development to ensure food security in Tanzania. Unpredictable weather, lack of collateral, absence of agriculture insurance, little farmer's education, infrastructure and fluctuating market prices are among factors which makes agriculture financing risky. It found that there is a big gap between small scale farmers and financial institutions mainly due to geographical distance between the two parties, availability of alternative sources of finance such as SACCOS, VICOBA and competition from mobile money services such as M-PESA. In assessing the impact of agriculture financing, the study revealed that there has been significant achievements in horticulture through support from the government and donors. The study therefore recommends that, the Government of Tanzania should invest more resources to ensure access to credit is not a challenge to farmers while financial institutions should develop products and services customized for agriculture giving priority to small scale farmers


Anemia was produced in 5 adult dogs by subcutaneous injection of acetylphenylhydrazine (pyrodin). The amounts injected were calculated in terms of red cell volume as determined from hematocrit and plasma volume readings and varied from 40 mg. to 100 mg. per 100 cc. of red cells, given in single or divided doses. The dogs were fed a standard diet in order to minimize possible dietary effects. Some degree of anemia, coincident with an increase in the icteric index, was present in all cases at the end of 24 hours. The anemia becomes most marked in 5 to 9 days after the first injection, the red cell and Hb determinations at this time showing values of from 33 to 67% of the original levels. Single injections produce a similar degree but a more rapid onset of the anemia than do divided doses of the same amount. The disappearance of the anemia is gradual, recovery beginning 12 to 16 days after the first injection. Approximately normal levels are reached in 3 to 5 weeks after injection. The percentage of reticulocytes increases to approximately double the normal values in 2 or 3 days after the pyrodin is injected and usually remains at this level. The first indication of recovery from the anemia is usually preceded by a further, sudden marked rise, the value reaching 33% in one experiment. The corpuscular volume shows a tendency to increase and to remain high even after the anemia has disappeared. The same is true of the resistance of the red cells which increases gradually and is greatest at the height of the anemia. The behavior of the white cells is irregular. The total is increased from 50 to 100% at the height of the anemia.


With the rapid growth of the mobile computing and sensor technologies, various application techniques related to USN converged with other related technologies are actively disseminated recently. Most of these applications are aimed at the proper control and system monitoring using context information gathered through various sensors. But it is not easy to control and monitor the system precisely and flexibly since data generated by sensors are huge and variety. In this paper, we design and implement the fuzzy-logic based central control system in USN to provide the flexibility and preciseness with sensed data. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by a simulation study in terms of consumed electric power on the test bed of USN based streetlight control system.


A mini combine harvester was efficiently designed and developed to harvest grain corn on a small scale farm in order to reduce manpower and operating time as delayed harvesting leads to grain loss. Two typical mini combine harvesters namely Kubota DC105X (KDC) and World Star 7.0Plus (WS) have been introduced to farmers as high output, low fuel consumption and ease of maintenance in grain corn production. This research was undertaken to evaluate and compare the field performance of KDC and WS mini combine harvester which included the field efficiency (FE), effective field capacity (EFC), fuel consumption (FC), field machine index (FMI) and total field time under similar field condition and soil properties. A time-motion study was conducted during harvesting in two consecutive growing seasons. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for KDC were found to be 0.28 ha/hr, 50.00%, 16.85 l/ha, 0.84 and 3.55 hr/ha, respectively. The mean values of EFC, FE, FC, FMI and total field time for WS were found to be 0.25 ha/hr, 54.35%, 12.57 l/ha, 0.81 and 3.99 hr/ha, respectively. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) shows that there were no significant differences in field performance between both mini combine harvesters at 5% significance level (α = 0.05). Both mini combine harvesters had performed with consistent and reliable results in conducting the harvesting. This study concludes that the WS is more efficient than KDC in terms of FE and FC.


Based on the definition and function of outward bound, this paper analyzes the feasibility of introduction outward bound into classroom teaching of high school sports, and discusses introduction ways.


Around the term sustainable development, generated plans, programs and strategies focused on meeting the needs of today's generations without limiting the satisfaction of the needs of generations future. To this end, governments worldwide have carried out important efforts, on the one hand, to achieve the objectives of the millennium and now within the framework of the Development Goals Sustainable (ODS). The Colombian government assumes the challenge of guarantee the achievement of a healthy life for its inhabitants, which requires the interconnection and comprehensiveness of the SDGs. To level urban areas include, among other challenges, the improvement in health indicators, associated with air pollution and that are achievable from a policy framework and for their achievement requires the participation of the stakeholders headed by the community. This study analyzed the information published in various virtual media, of the national order, in the period 2009 to 2018; text mining techniques were applied and machine learning tools, by using the software R. Central themes were identified, on which the country and its capital city have given relevance from the media Communication. It was possible to know the scope of the disclosure challenges, progress and opportunities with the implementation of the Millennium Goals, the SDGs and the role of air quality. It was found that sustainable development does not present greater outreach in the media and sustainability relates mainly to biodiversity and financial activities. Efforts are focused on specific information and it is scarce the dissemination of the challenges, goals and progress in SDG. Although the air quality is a topic of interest, did not present a paper relevant as supported by the facts of security, poverty, education and quality of life. Such an analysis allows establish thematic, information and communication priorities trend political development, disclosed to the community, as actor on whom the implementation of the guidelines of politics.


Deterministic and probabilistic analyses of the stability of gentle infinite slopes subject to seismically induced excess pore pressures and inertia forces are developed. In the deterministic analysis, classical equations for infinite slope stability are rewritten to explicitly include excess pore pressure and seismic acceleration. Equations for the factor of safety are developed that include these factors. In the probabilistic analysis, the seismic acceleration, excess pore pressure, and effective friction angle are considered random variables. Acceleration peaks are considered Rayleigh distributed. Excess pore pressure is predicted using a model that considers Rayleigh distributed shear stress peaks. The friction angle is modeled with a Beta distribution. Acceleration and pore pressure development within the gentle infinite slope are assumed the same as those in a horizontal deposit of the same average thicknesss. Finite element analyses are performed to investigate the limits of this assumption. Results from both analyses are compared to documented case histories of lateral spreading.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature and moisture levels on vitamin A in the total mixed ration (TMR) silage. The moisture levels of TMR were adjusted to 450 g/kg, 525 g/kg and 600 g/kg. Each moisture level had three replications and fermented at 15 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The TMR was sampled after 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. The fermentation quality, chemical composition and vitamin A content were analyzed. Correlations between vitamin A and individual fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial composition in TMR silages at different moisture levels and different temperatures were also analyzed separately. The results showed that the loss of vitamin A in TMR under different fermentation conditions differed significantly (p < 0.05). The increase in moisture level and temperature led to an increase in vitamin A loss, with the greatest loss of up to 68.5% when the moisture level of TMR was 600 g/kg and the storage temperature was 40 °C. In addition, there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and aerobic bacteria and vitamin A content throughout the fermentation process, thus LAB and aerobic bacteria were associated with vitamin A loss. Thus, a coupling effect of LAB and aerobic bacteria lead to the loss of vitamin A in TMR silage under acidic conditions.


This research into English research articles (RAs) produced by native English writers focuses on the organization of information (or news) in the Introduction section. Specifically it focuses on the information organization in a paragraph and between paragraphs of the section. The study investigates the news structures inside a paragraph as well as those between paragraphs in the section. The study involves ten (10) internationally published journal articles. The results indicate a general tendency for the new information in the native English RA Introductions to be organised and presented in an accumulative strategy, and the accumulation may be achieved in various ways. The study is hoped to shed lights and insights for the non-native English researchers who aim for international publication, in how they may organize their research reports.


An improved single-π equivalent circuit model with patterned ground shield is presented in this paper. The monolithic spiral inductor uses metal 1 and metal 2 as a ground shield which forms a good isolation between substrate and passive device at the high frequency. To accurate model for spiral inductor under the high frequency, a parallel L-R network is adopted to represent the high-order effects. A C-L-R network to model the ground loop in the lower metal strips. Within the wide bandwidth, the modeling and parameter extraction methods have been validated by the excellent agreement between the circuit model and EM-simulation up to 40GHz.


Earth‐abundant manganese (Mn) compounds have multifarious valence states that make Mn advantageous for electrochemical energy storage applications. Benefiting from the unity of opposites in redox chemistry, a novel aqueous all‐Mn energy storage device (AMESD) based on the redox chemistry of Mn2+ is proposed, which is a simple‐structured battery that can be initially assembled by two bare carbon fiber cloths (CFCs) and the electrolyte. Moreover, the effects of electrolyte optimization and the modification of CFCs on the energy storage performance of the novel battery are discussed. The device based on N‐doped porous CFCs achieves the highest areal capacity of 1.46 mAh cm−2 (≈152.1 mAh g−1), along with an energy density of 1.10 mWh cm−2 and a power density of 9.66 mW cm−2. More impressively, the charge–discharge cycles at a capacity of 0.33 mWh cm−2 are performed 40 000 times and it can maintain a high‐capacity retention rate of 93.5%. Even at a low current of 1 mA cm−2, the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles is maintained to 86%. Herein, a new option for low‐cost, ultrastable aqueous battery design is provided and the possibility of Mn‐based anodes for energy storage applications is explored.


In an article entitled 'The psychologist's contribution to educational research' Professors J. D. Nisbet & N. J. Entwistle begin by surveying briefly different definitions educational research itself with a view to drawing a distinction between "pure research the social sciences and educational research in the area of the applied sciences" Having suggested this distinction the authors clearly favour a definition which would remove educational research from the category of pure to that of applied research accordingly, their own definition states that "educational research consists in careful, systematic attempts to understand the educational process and, through understanding, improve its efficiency". Pursuing the consequences for educational enquiry of definition they themselves outline, Nisbet & Entwistle point out that this shift in emphasis from 'understanding' to 'improvement' is likely to be dis- puted by many who are active in what they claim to be wholly respectable educational research which does not aim at 'improvement'-such as historical studies and comparative education.


578 Background: CRC site is associated with differences in key molecular features that may impact survival in the metastatic (met) setting. We assessed the magnitude of outcome differences in a non-clinical trial scenario and explored how rectum cancer (RC) compares with right- and left-sided (RS and LS) colon tumors. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinicopathological and molecular data from all mCRC patients (pts) treated at VHIO from January 2010 to June 2015. Targeted mutation (mut) profiling of driver oncogenes was performed by mass spectrometry (MassARRAY, Sequenom) or with next generation sequencing (Amplicon MiSeq, Illumina). Survival after relapse (SAR) was defined as time from diagnosis of met disease to death. Tumor site was categorized as RS (cecum, ascending, hepatic flexure, and transverse), LS (splenic flexure, descending, and sigmoid) or RC. We performed Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for covariates including number and location of met sites, surgical resection of met lesi...


In this study, the authors report high‐quality amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated using a new back‐channel‐etch (BCE) process flow on Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) foil. The BCE flow allows a better scalability of TFTs for high‐resolution backplanes and related circuits. The maximum processing temperature was limited to less than 165oC in order to ensure good overlay accuracy (< 1µm) on foil. The presented process flow differs from to previously reported by defining the Mo S/D contacts by dry etch prior to a‐IGZO patterning. The TFTs show good electrical performance, including field‐effect mobilities in the range of 15.0cm2/(V.s), sub‐threshold slopes of 0.3V/decade and off‐currents <1.0pA on foil. Finally, the applicability of this new BCE process flow was demonstrated for TFT backplane driving a 32 x 32 active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display.


Background: Adolescence is a period of rapid transition in life from childhood to adulthood. Menarche is a significant milestone in the transitory developmental journey of an adolescent. A normal menstrual cycle is an important determinant of reproductive development during adolescence. An adolescent girl should be made aware of the phenomenon of menstruation at least a little ahead of its occurrence, so as to enable her to accept it as a normal developmental process and manage it appropriately. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. The first menstruation (menarche) occurs between 11 and 15 years with a mean of 13 year Menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in Indian society. Objective: The Investigator Conducted the study with an objective to assess the knowledge regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation among early adolescent girls studying in selected schools Punjab. Conceptual frame work: Modified Conceptual frame work on Health Belief Model (1950) Methodology: A quantitative research approach was adopted for this study and descriptive survey design was employed to assess the knowledge regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation among early adolescent girls in selected schools, Punjab. Total 200 early adolescent girls were selected by using, convenient sampling technique. The knowledge questionnaire regarding menstrual adaptive strategies and checklist regarding menstrual practices was used for data collection by self report method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Result: The study results revealed that 89.5% subjects had average knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation while 5.5% subjects had good knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation only 5% subjects had below average knowledge score regarding adaptive strategies on menstruation. Conclusion: The finding of the study conducted that the strong need of creating awareness and providing knowledge related adaptive strategies in menstruation as per their need requirement, investigator has delivered health teaching programme to the subjects even though it was not a part of the research objectives.


Developing recycle economy with great effort and constructing industrial ecological gardens are strategic choice of our economy and society to take the real way to sustainable development. The paper comprehensively summarizes the modes and significance of developing recycle economy in enterprises combining with the practice of constructing industrial ecological gardens in Lubei Chemical Group.


This paper discusses various methods used to diagnose Tuberculosis diseases which is a leading cause of death throughout the world. It introduces mycobacterium tuberculosis and reviews various types of tuberculosis disease. Besides that, the limitations of the current methods used to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis are also revealed. A non-invasive technique to detect the mycobacterium tuberculosis based on its electrical properties is proposed to simplify and speed up the detection and analysis processes.


ABSTRACT In order to gather information on the technological characteristics of the monochrome decorative wall plasters in some Thracian fresco tombs (4th -3rd centuries BC) found in South Bulgaria, several types of analyses have been carried out. Samples of red, yellow and white large wall-painted fields in different monuments, have been investigated using a combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to identify the organic components of the paint layer. The nature of the pigments has been determined both by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATR-FTIR. The obtained results point towards the recognition of final polishing processes performed on still wet plaster. This technique of creating polished wall painted surfaces in combination with organic coatings (known as stucco lustro) is traditionally associated with the Pompean frescoes and the work of roman painters. Based on the technical examination, it can be assumed that in pre-roman time, the Hellenistic paint-craftsmen in Thrace inland were also familiar to this technique. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


: Museums are an integral tourist destination across the globe because it is not only playing as a strategic role in education but indirectly, it exposed visitors to real-life experiences. Museums are also now shifted from the collection centered towards visitors centered. Hence, understand the visitors' experience is crucial as it will help museum to enhance their performance in the future and increase the visitors' level of satisfaction ultimately lead to behavioral intention. Experience economy is a conceptual model proposed by Pine and Gilmore (1998) to capture tourism experience gained by the stakeholder that enable the organization or practitioner to identify their strength and weaknesses. From the result, the organizations strive in adding value or craft new strategies in order to gain high revenue. This paper seeks to provide a deeper understanding about the four realms of experience economy in the context of museum visitors' experience towards their satisfaction and intention to recommend the destination to other prospect visitors.


The paper considers the nature of theoretical frameworks as they are predicated by their paradigm assumptions. We argue that although a paradigm shift may occur as the refutation of a prevailing paradigm, it is at least as likely to occur as the recognition that patterns of understanding may be structured more readily around an alternative set of key-note assumptions, a view that we support with examples of paradigm shifts as they have occurred in the physical sciences. In the context of these considerations, the paper assesses the cost of capital paradigm of corporate financial theory, its contribution to development and understanding, as well as the case for dissatisfaction. The case is presented for an alternative paradigm of key-note assumptions about (i) reputations based on past performance and (ii) commitment and trust relationships, for corporate financial management, by which both theory and field-study investigations might continue to be stimulated and developed.


The increasing use of indoor wireless communications services has lead to several researches on indoor radio propagation. This paper presents a comparison between indoor measurements and indoor signal power prediction results. It is shown how a simple 2D ray-tracing model can be effective for small in-buildings coverage prediction.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of spironolactone on myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular function in old patients with mild chronic heart failure.Methods:The subjects were divided into investigation group (67 patients with mild chronic heart failure) and health control group (n=20).Serum levels of aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen (PⅢNP) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) were measured through radioimmunoassay. The investigation group was further subdivided into either conventional or conventional plus spironolactone groups.After 3 months therapy, PⅢNP and BNP were re-checked and the data of ventricular function were measured by echocardiography.Results:The serum levels of PⅢNP and BNP were higher than those of health control group(P0.01).Three months after treatment the levels of PⅢNP and BNP significant decreased (P0.01 ) in spironolactone group,and also significantly lower than those of conventional group (P0.05, 0.01, respectively).Conclusion:The finding indicates that the spironolactone therapy can suppress myocardial fibrosis and improve left ventricular function in old patients.


This article studies unknown input observer design for linear parameter-varying systems in a bounded error context. By presenting a novel unknown input observer structure, the output equation of linear parameter-varying systems is not restricted to be in a linear form. Moreover, by integrating decoupling technique and set-membership approach, a compromise is achieved between the restrictiveness and the conservativeness of estimation. Based on $P$-radius criteria, sufficient design conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical simulations of a vehicle lateral dynamics system are conducted to demonstrate the validity of the presented method.


There has been a recent increase in emphasis on comfort in most vehicular transports these days. Air springs were used and then removed from commercial usage. This paper conducts an analysis to showcase the improvement it terms of material application by using rubber which is reinforced with aluminium to increase its performance and strength. FEA is carried out to simulate various load conditions with respect to both rubber and rubber reinforced with aluminium. The structural changes are noted and described.


Professor Thomas Hazlett, on behalf of the Seniors Coalition, has been on a crusade to rid US telecommunications policy of waste. In his quest, he has stumbled on the Universal Service Fund (USF), the $7 Billion annual federal fund to serve low income and high cost telephone subscribers. He alleges that this fund wastes at least $1 Billion per year, much of it on administrative overhead ("corporate operations expense"). His logic is compelling:" Uneconomic operations are a predictable outcome of taxpayer financing on a "cost-plus" basis."


The Software Engineering Applications Laboratory (SEAL) has embarked on a programme of quality improvement in the domains of software development of products in specialised engineering and scientific applications as well as in education and training in software engineering. This programme has been pursued within the requirements of the IS0 9001 quality management system framework. This article reviews the impact of the application of this activity on the Laboratory's teaching and research.


While control plane depends on using network signaling channels, positioning information is exchanged over data bearers, such as IP, during location determination over user plane. Due to this infrastructure independence, user plane is a practical choice for location determination in next generation mobile networks, which are planned to be ALL-IP architectures with legacy interworking. In this paper Secure User Plane Location protocol is evaluated in the aspects of supported mobile networks and location services capabilities.


The microfinance counter-lock model has proven that it can overcome the predicament in which farmers have no real income increase with enlarged output,and help farmers to enhance income as well as output and thus to reduce poverty via industrial,technical and structural counter-locking.Empirical data with time series 1994-2004 and 2004 panel dada also show that microfinance promotes farmers' family income and reduces poverty.Case analysis in this paper indicates the same results: microfinance has significant effect on poverty reduction.


The interactive demonstration "Scientific Teaching with Tablet PCs" deals with the capabilities of tablets for measurements of physical values and video analysis of motions. The author designed learning scenarios for science teaching in secondary education using sensors and mobile devices in order to enhance the motivation of pupils to deal with scientific issues. These learning scenarios were implemented and evaluated at the BG/BRG Schwechat, a public school in Austria using the concept of shared iPads with 30 iPads. The learning scenarios are available at the community "iPads@BG/BRG Schwechat" launched at the Open Discovery Space Portal. Open Discovery Space is funded by the European Commission, the aim is to provide a socially-powered, multilingual, open learning infrastructure to boost the adaptation of e-learning resources in Europe. The teaching methodology of the e-learning sequences in physics with the use of sensors meets the requests of the competency model for physics and follows the concept of "inquiry basesd learning". Measurements are carried out with the app "SparkVue" which enables real-time data collection with a mobile device. Data are displayed in real-time in a graph, bar graph, analog meter, digits or table. An analysis of data can be done with built-in statistical tools, furthermore data can be exported in order to analyze with spreadsheet like Excel or Numbers. As cooperative workflow the app allows to live data sharing across devices in the same network. Video analysis of moving objects is carried out by the app "Video Physics". The use of modern tablets and smartphones as measuring devices brings significant benefits for achieving learning goals and supports pupils in understanding complicated scientific concepts.


A 65-year-old man presented to our clinic for evaluation of a slowly enlarging nasal mass of 6 years' duration, with no nasal obstruction associated with the progression of the mass. He had experienced nasal trauma 8 years earlier. His medical history revealed that he had had gouty arthritis for approximately 20 years. His general practitioner had prescribed allopurinol for his gouty arthritis, but the patient's compliance had been poor. On examination, the patient was found to have a painless mass of the nasal bridge (figure 1). No punctum or fistula of the mass was noted. Intranasal examination revealed smooth nasal mucosa without purulent discharge or intranasal lesion. Computed tomography (CT) of the head confirmed a mass on the nasal bridge, not associated with destruction of bone or other local tissues (figure 2). Con sidering the slowing growth pattern of the mass and Figure 1. Frontal (A) and oblique (B) views in photos obtained at presentation show a mass over the patient's nasal bridge. There is no punctum or fistula of the mass.


The invention discloses a non-prestressed centrifugal concrete pile, which is characterized by comprising a centrifugal concrete pile body, a non-prestressed main bar, a spiral stirrup and two end plates, wherein the non-prestressed main bar is longitudinally distributed and is welded or bound on the spiral stirrup; and the two ends of the non-prestressed main bar are welded respectively or anchored on the two end plates through anchor holes. Based on the conventional non-prestressed centrifugal concrete pile, a prestressed main bar which is positioned on a reinforcement framework and can longitudinally pass through the entire framework is replaced by the non-prestressed main bar, a centrifugal molding process is used in a production process and a part of residual water is brought out centrifugally, so that concrete is more compact. The advantages of a centrifugal pile and a solid square pile are brought into full play, and the centrifugal concrete pile which has high vertical bearing capacity and high horizontal bearing capacity of a pile foundation and can meet a seismic resistance requirement is provided. Simultaneously, a prestress application process is eliminated, so that the non-prestressed centrifugal concrete pile is produced by a production method which is simpler than the conventional production method of a prestressed centrifugal concrete pile, and production efficiency is higher.


The fiber Bragg gratings(FBG) have found wide applications in the field of communication and sensing.Temperature,strain and other physical parameters can be measured by detecting the shift of the central wavelength in FBGs,but cross sensitivity of FBG to temperature and strain needs to be solved.The principle and advantage of FBG sensors are investigated briefly, reference grating method and Erbium-doped fiber amplifying method to separate the temperature effect are given.A method to demodulate the shift of the central wavelength in FBGs by using the main mode and the side mode of a tilted fiber grating is introduced.With this method,the effect of temperature on strain detection is discriminated successfully.


Studies show that the early (stage I) diagnosis of cancer increases the survival rate of patients, and significantly reduces treatment costs. Millimeter-wave radars can detect skin tumors based on the difference between the electrical properties of melanomas and healthy skin tissues. This paper proposes a low-power multitone continuous-wave radar design at 77GHz for biomedical imaging applications, to be used for skin cancer detection. The sensor implementation is based on a low-cost Miniature Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit (MHMIC) design. The entire sensor was integrated on a 0.127mm thin ceramic substrate. Two 16-element patch antenna arrays are implemented in the transmitter and receiver modules. The receiver is a six-port homodyne quadrature down-converter. The integrated power detectors are fabricated using HSCH-9161 Schottky diodes. The sensor was encapsulated in a metallic fixture with dimensions 35 by 45mm. Two cascaded amplifier circuits are designed and implemented for amplifying baseband voltages at the output of each power detector. The proposed radar design has the ability to detect the dielectic properties of tissues, making it suitable for the detection of melanomas with an accuracy on the order of tens of microns.


This paper suggests an alternative approach to modeling rents generated by a public investment. The formulation adopted adds direction, through a Fourier series expansion, to distance, the independent variable of potential models. The coefficients of the enhanced model are estimated statistically and the resulting equation is utilized to generate rent equipotentials. The proposed formulation enables the representation of the various influences that intervene to disturb the otherwise smooth rent surfaces normally obtained from a potential model. The economic impact of a newly developed park-lake complex is studied to provide an application of the methodology developed. Land values from deed records, the dependent variable of the model, are regressed against distance and direction from the centroid of the park-lake complex. The findings show that rent surfaces change in configuration as different project-related activities take place. For example, construction of the reservoir increases land values nearby the park-lake, while the lack of visible activities does not affect land values.


When considering multi-value objects, the inevitable unbalanced data distribution is overlooked by the existing truth discovery methods. In this work, we propose a confidence interval based approach (CIMTD) to tackle this issue. We estimate source reliability from two aspects, i.e., the ability to claim the correct number of value(s) and specific value(s). To reflect real reliability for both "big" and "small" sources, confidence intervals of enriched estimation are considered. While estimating source reliability, uncertainty degrees are introduced to model object differences. Confidence intervals are also considered to reflect real uncertainty degrees for both "hot" and "cold" objects. CIMTD outperforms baseline methods on real-world datasets.


This study engages a millennial public sphere activity in Africathe viewing of television in free access public placesand the performances that characterise, promote and sustain audience viewership within such spaces. The study contends that while viewing of television in public places is not a new phenomenon, the advent of new media and its ancillary satellite and pay-tv programs coupled with a newer constitution of quilted audiences transcendental of class, gender and demography have provided novel spaces for the emergence of popular performances and new identity formations that are yet to be studied. Using identity construction theory and through an ethnographic approach founded on series of in-depth interviews and participant observations of viewership of three popular television programmesTelenovela, English Premier League, and Nollywood movies, the study argues that the increasing ubiquitous nature of these arenas in the metropolises have become new spaces for identity construction. Introduction Television has always played a prominent role in the daily lives and social processes of communities. For several decades television's influence over culture had been located at micro level within the communitythe home. The presence of television in homes always gave the false semblance of it being a domestic private commodity available only to the privileged few who used its influencing effect to initiate social change (Johnson, 2001; Scrase, 2002). This is notwithstanding the fact that within the domestic space television's privacy connotation has regularly been contradicted by the atmosphere that characterises its viewership. In several homes, especially in Africa, owners of television regularly bring their television sets into open spaces for interested members of the community to share in the viewing experience. Even where its monument symbol guarantees a kind of immobility from a particular room or location, interested community members could still be ushered into that private space to enjoy the viewing experience. Over the last decade, global and transnational cultures have all led to a booming increase in access to television acquisition and viewership. Particularly in Africa, new consumer tastes, urbanisation, technology infiltration, roll out of digital and satellite television, pay TV franchise, new programming and content developments have initiated Afrocentric shows. In addition, new distribution opportunities and outlets have all catapulted television access and viewership to high levels. From about 10 million households that had television sets in the last decade of the twentieth century, African now has an estimated 42 million households with access to television (Marszalek, 2013). This figure excludes television sets with corporate or public ownership. In Ghana, television programming which used to be the monopoly of government through its major broadcaster, Ghana Television (GTV) and its one channel of broadcast has been crushed with several new private broadcasters entering the terrain. This has led to a mushrooming (by Ghanaian and African standards) of television broadcast stations that bring to viewers interesting and addictive programmes on sports, entertainment, and news programmes. Through pay television, Ghanaians have access to interesting networks such as Multi Choice, DSTV, and other digital broadcast channels from across the globe that are 'pleasant and gratifying' (Salzman, 1993, p. 3). Whilst this new trend continues to manifest, Television viewing in public places 18 audiences attachment to television as a legitimating stamp on urban and cosmopolitan modeling, cultural acquisitions, and inclusiveness in global and transitional culture have led to the incorporation of television viewing as part of the daily life of the urban citizen. As such citizens who do not have immediate access to television as a commodity in the domestic space or who seek to experience the character of television as a gathering place must seek the gratification of this need from available domestic spaces that would welcome them; or from the emerging spaces that traverse many urban locations, annexed to the bars and restaurants where television is beamed on giant screens in open public spaces. The study of television as an influential factor in the culture and discourses of people is well documented (Adams, 1992; Johnson, 2001; McElory &Williams, 2010; Rao, 1966; Salzman, 1993; Singhal & Rogers 1996; Speck & Roy 2008). Such cultural ramifications arising out of television influence include its relevance as: a place and nucleus where interaction among people may occur and where "ideas, values and shared experiences may be constructed and a monument that allows people to rise above what is local and survey the global arena from an omniscient position" (Adams, 1992, p. 118); an ubiquitous commodity that acts as a catalyst for materialism and consumption predicated on capitalist tendencies (Schiller, 1989); a medium that can be used to project ethnic and class identity formations (Hermes, 2005); imagination of children's idyllic universe (Lustyik,2010); a promoter of urban modeling and consumerist behavior and legitimates urban lifestyles, nuances and norms (Johnson, 2001). Liebes and Katz (1988), Lull 1988 and Morley (1988) have also documented how different cultural groups show different attitudes towards television viewing. Purpose of study There is an abundance of empirical research on television viewing (Adams, 1992; Johnson, 2001; McElory &Williams, 2010; Rao, 1966; Salzman, 1993; Speck & Roy 2008). However, these studies, especially in postcolonial territories, have mostly concentrated on the medium's presence as a place of communal gathering; as a modernizing influence on the attitudes and behviours of the post-colonial subject; and as a capitalist consumerist product (Adams, 1992; Hermes, 2005; Liebes & Katz, 1988; Lustyik, 2010. All the studies indicate how social practices are created during the television viewing process. This study delves into a new realm and examines contemporary untilisation of television as a product that can draw people to new spaces in the metropolis. The study argues that television viewing in free access open spaces in post colonial cultures of developing economies is yet to be investigated. The paper further contends that peoples attitude and recourse to viewing television in open places, especially as a twenty-first century culture, create new ways of participation in public arenas that must be understood from an ethnographic perspective. Once a phenomenon magnetizes individual to a common assembly ground, a "unique opportunity to explore the shaping of meaning and interpretation that such actors may perform" (McElory & Williams, 2010, p. 196) in the centers of congregation becomes imperative. This work therefore offers insights into the individual and aggregate behviours, views, experiences and performances of the congregants within this new cultural space. Second, this study moves from an earlier empirical approach of studying the characters within the contents of television programme. In particular, the study extends the empirical fact that television is a gathering place for several individuals and groups, there is therefore the need to further investigate the kind of performances and discourses engaged by social actors within the new space. Finally, I make the argument that though the object of attraction to the public arena is television viewing, upon the gathering of the people, the viewing may become an ancillary activity compared to the other performances that the audiences engage in to define their presence. I stress that the activities and behaviours that go on in these sites are broad, traversing several important discourses beyond television viewing. In the attempt to investigate the gravitation of television viewing congregants to these free access public spaces to engage the medium, two major research questions became imperative: 1) How do


A novel rhodamine-based sensor probe R6GHS was synthesized from the Schiff base reaction of R6GH with 4-(diethylamino) salicylaldehyde.The structure of R6GHS was confirmed.The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectrum study found R6GHS showed highly selective detection for Cu2+ over a wide range of metal ions in CH3CN-water(3∶7,V/V)Tris-HCl(pH=7.0).Furthermore,upon the addition of Cu2+,the spirolactam ring of R6GHS was opened and the solution color changed from colorless to red.Strangely,an unexpected fluorescence was observed,which is contrary to the fluorescence turn-on of the most rhodamine-based,and the response process was quick and reversible,which is promising for its practical utility in fast detection of Cu2+ in aqueous environment.


In an annual monitoring visit of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields for diseases occurring on promising chickpea breeding lines in Syria, Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found in more than 30 percent of the fields in which the trials were planted. The disease incidence ranged from 5 to 100 percent and none of the lines in the trials showed high resistance to the disease. A program was initiated to start screening chickpea lines to Sclerotinia stem rot with known resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, to identify lines with combined resistance. A detached shoot technique was used to determine the preliminary reaction of chickpea genotypes to infection by S. sclerotiorum. Results using this technique under controlled conditions in the growth chamber, showed that out of 15 chickpea genotypes evaluated, 5 exhibited some resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot. This was shown by delayed initial infection, restricted lesion development and no sclerotial production. These results were confirmed using potted plants in the plastic house. The technique is simple, less labor-intensive and requires a very short period of time to obtain results that can be confirmed under field seasonal or other conditions.


There is an ongoing paradigm shift in librarianship that prompts the application of pedagogy throughout our professional practice. In light of the special attention to basic writing development in community college curricula, this article provides an overview of basic writing pedagogy. It discusses the overall college-level writing and research processes, the academic developmental stages of community college students, and the library's role in basic writing development. It concludes with a postulation of basic writing pedagogy within our practice.


There are a wealth of building units in the Research Institute of Yungang Grottoes, with the history of more than 1500 years ranging from Noth Wei Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are the essence of people, the precious evidence for the research of the development of politics, economy, culture and technology in ancient China. The deep study of these building units can promote the research of Yungang Grottoes.


The electrical energy consumption is rising and there is a steady increase in the demand of power generation. So, we can go to non-conventional energy sources like solar, tidal, wind and etc. In that wind generating system is rapidly growing one. The wind speed is not constant at all times they can using variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) or (DFIG). The DFIG wind turbine is recently most used turbine. Because it maintain fixed voltage and frequency at variable wind speeds using power electronics equipments like RSC and GSC. In this paper discus the stability of a DFIG wind turbine connected to grid, during unbalanced loads and grid faults. Dynamic analysis and fault analysis to find the stability of system were going too carried out in this thesis. And to improve stability of system during abnormal conditions STATCOM is proposed.


The imprecision of the high courts in Colombia at the moment of the quantification of the nonmaterial damage (moral damage) to the lack of unification of these at the moment of being indemnified by its complex criterion of valuation generates in many cases a double payment of them as for state responsibility and demonstrates a waste of money that contributes to the increase of the monetary deficit that the Colombian possesses due to the exorbitant national debt. Contradicting monetary theories such as of the post Keynesian French school which estimates the budget expenses of the state automatics capable of being opposed to the systematic risk, from it we could say that the state contributes, by the nonunification of the moral damage or the incorrect globalization of them, to the torts of the state that creates a systematic economic risk. Its necesary a juridical economic theory that tends for a relation cost-benefit that means a correct globalization of the moral damage. How to avoid the economic imbalance at the moment of indemnify nonmaterial damage as for state liability looking for a Saberes, II 2020, ISSN: 1794 -4384 (En línea), 1794 -4384 (Impreso) Página | 69 good relation cost-benefit by a correct unification of these damages?


This paper examines productive specialization in the regions of the European Union over the period 1977 to 1999 using the information provided by various methodological instruments. The results obtained reveal a process of convergence in regional productive structures during the twenty-three years considered. This has been due to the behavior of regions with high levels of specialization at the start of the period, whose productive structures have tended to shift to wards the European average overtime. The analysis carried out also high lights the major role played by regional size, level of development and geographical location in explaining specialization in the European context. Finally, the empirical evidence provided suggests that changes in regional productive structures are closely linked to the evolution of the spatial distribution of per capita income in the European Union. Keywords: Specialization, economic activity, regions, European Union. JEL Code: F15, R11, R12.


Large rivers constitute small portions of drainage networks but provide important migratory habitats and fisheries for salmon and trout when and where temperatures are sufficiently cold. Management and conservation of coldwater fishes in the current era of rapid climate change require knowing how riverine thermal environments are evolving and the potential for detrimental biological impacts. Robust estimates of warming rates, however, are lacking due to limited long-term temperature monitoring, so we compiled the best available multidecadal records and estimated trends at 391 sites in the 56,500-km river network of the northwestern USA. Warming trends were prevalent during summer and early fall months in recent 20and 40-year periods (0.18–0.35°C per decade during 1996–2015 and 0.14–0.27°C per decade during 1976–2015), paralleled air temperature trends, and were mediated by discharge trends at regional and local levels. To illustrate the biological consequences of warming later in this century, trend estimates were used to inform selection of river temperature scenarios and assess changes in thermal exposure of adult Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migrating to four population areas as well as thermal habitat shifts for resident Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss populations throughout the region. Future warming of 1–3°C would increase Sockeye Salmon exposure by 5–16% (3–143 degree-days) and reduce thermally suitable riverine trout habitats by 8–31% while causing their upstream shift. Effects of those changes on population persistence and fisheries are likely to be context dependent, and strategic habitat restoration or adaptation strategies could ameliorate some biological impairments, but effectiveness will be tempered by the size of rivers, high costs, and pervasiveness of thermal effects. Most salmon and trout rivers will continue to provide suitable habitats for the foreseeable future, but it also appears inevitable that some river reaches will gradually become too warm to provide traditional habitats. Salmon and trout have been cultural icons and important food resources for millennia, are the subjects of multi-billion-dollar global commercial and recreational fisheries, and are the focus of similar investments for conservation and habitat restoration efforts where populations have declined (Mills 1989; Montgomery 2003; Rieman et al. 2015). Given their requirement for cold water (Jonsson and Jonsson 2009; Isaak et al. 2017a), the specter of global warming has spawned concerns about the vulnerability of some populations, beginning with the earliest work on climate change and aquatic environments (Meisner et al. 1988; Eaton and Scheller 1996; Keleher and Rahel 1996). Those fears are not unfounded, as climaterelated environmental trends are linked to shifting distributions and range contractions (Comte and Grenouillet 2013; Eby et al. 2014; Al-Chokhachy et al. 2016), adjustments in phenology (Wedekind and Kung 2010; Martins et al. 2012), and evolutionary change (Crozier et al. 2011; Kovach et al. 2012). Documented extirpations of local populations, however, remain exceedingly rare despite the frequency of this prediction in the literature and several decades of rapid, accumulated climate change. In mountain headwater environments, populations are buffered by slow climate velocities and the presence of cold refuge *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Received December 4, 2017; accepted March 14, 2018 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147:566–587, 2018 Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA ISSN: 0002-8487 print / 1548-8659 online DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10059


Recently, direct band gap double perovskites have become more popular among the photovoltaic research community owing to their potential to address issues of lead toxicity and structural instability inherent in lead halide (simple) perovskites. In this study, an In-Ag-based direct band gap double perovskite, ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{AgInCl}}_{6}$ (CAIC), is treated with transition metal doping to improve the optoelectronic properties of the material. Investigations of the structural and optoelectronic properties of Cu-doped CAIC, ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{(1\ensuremath{-}x)}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{InCl}}_{6}$, are done using ab initio calculations with density functional theory and virtual crystal approximation. Our calculations show that with increasing Cu content, the optimized lattice parameter and direct band gap of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{(1\ensuremath{-}x)}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{x}{\mathrm{InCl}}_{6}$ decrease following linear and quadratic functions, respectively, while the bulk modulus increases following a quartic polynomial function. The photoabsorption coefficient, optical conductivity, and other optical parameters of interest are also computed, and the obtained spectra indicate enhanced optical properties at higher Cu contents. Based on our results, transition metal (Cu) doping is a viable means of treating double perovskites, by tuning their optoelectronic properties to be suitable for an extensive range of photovoltaics, solar cells, and optoelectronics.


The thermally activated magnetic relaxation in two-dimensional lattices of dipolar interacting nanoparticles with large uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy is studied by a numerical method and within the mean-field approximation for comparison. The role that the correlation effects play in magnetic relaxation and the influence of lattice structure and bias magnetic field on the relaxation process are revealed. The correlations of the nanoparticle magnetic moments enhance relaxation on small times, delay it on large times, and reduce the steady-state absolute magnetization at nonzero bias fields. In a hexagonal lattice, magnetic relaxation on small times occurs faster and the steady-state absolute magnetization has the larger magnitude than in a square lattice with the same lattice spacing.


In this work, we investigated the functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with 2-(dodecen-1-yl) succinic anhydride (TPSA) to increase the rGO effective interactions with organic solvents both in liquid and vapor phases. Thermogravimetric analysis, STEM, XPS, FTIR-ATR, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the effective functionalization of rGO with about the 30 wt% of grafted TPSA without affecting the structural characteristics of graphene but successfully enhancing its dispersibility in the selected solvent except for the apolar hexane. Solid TPSA-rGO dispersions displayed a reproducible semiconducting (activated) electrical transport with decreased resistance when heated from 20 °C to 60 °C and with a negative temperature coefficient of 10−3 K−1, i.e., comparable in absolute value with temperature coefficient in metals. It is worth noting that the same solid dispersions showed electrical resistance variation upon exposure to vapors with a detection limit in the order of 10 ppm and sensitivity α of about 10−4 ppm−1.


This study sought to increase understanding of preoperative preparatory strategies utilised by senior surgical residents and identify how social and material forces come together to shape practice.


Some scholars and researchers have been claiming we are in a New Materialist and Posthumanist era. It means that for the ones who are researching in Social Sciences, the focus is not only the human as the centre and the cause of what happens in the social realm. For human, nonhuman and inhuman are attributed the same importance in research once all of them are components of reality, inserted in nature. Reality is regarded as complex, not simple straightforward isolated cause and effect processes. This is how the classroom is supposed to be observed in educational research: not only teaching and learning, but these two processes and policy making, and identity construction, and emotional flows, and curriculum, and schooling, and…, and… The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the complexity of the classroom environment regarded as an assemblage. The hypothesis is that all the components of the assemblage are equally vital, although some components are more vibratory than others. The theory of Vitalism from Driesch (1914) and the Vital Materialism from Bennett (2010a, 2010b) are used as the theoretical tools for analysis. Assemblage Ethnography (YOUDELL, 2015; YOUDELL and MCGIMPSEY, 2015) is the methodology of data collection. A multiple case study was developed in three different schools in United Kingdom: one Primary, one Secondary and one Post-secondary. The results suggest that teacher and students are the components who most influence on the classroom assemblage composition, decomposition and recomposition orienting the flows of matter-energy once they are change-creating agents.


Scientific approaches to the safeguarding of stone monuments have evolved over the years to reach a high level of sophistication. Analysis and treatment of detrimental biofilms has also made progress. One factor is the awareness not only of biologically initiated chemical but also physical and mechanical damage functions. Another line of evolution of techniques and application proposals is the application of biocidal chemicals. However, in the past 20 years, these have been increasingly banned because of environmental and health hazards produced by these highly toxic substances. In this communication we give an outline of a project, in which chemical, physical, geological and microbiological knowledge is combined in order to find less dangerous ways to eliminate or inhibit detrimental microbial growth on and in rocks and other mineral materials. Special attention is given to the detrimental effects of poikilophilic algal, cyanobacterial and especially fungal films and networks. Biocidal products, including photodynamic treatments, are combined with pigment and exopolysaccharide inhibitors and cell wall permeabilizers to make biofilms vulnerable to chemicals able to kill the associated micro-organisms.


The stainless steel converter that Nanjing Chemical Industrial(Group)Design Institute designed for Suzhou FineChemical Group Corporation, and its improvement upon the imported technique are described . The stainless steel converter with high reliability, low cost and high quality can be made in China .


Abstract
This chapter is a qualitative exploration of consumer experiences into rural tourism initiatives in Japan. Rural tourism initiatives have been on the rise in Japan in recent times due to the need to rejuvenate the local economies, arts and cultural heritage. These initiatives aim to mobilise tourist attention to the countryside and create a bridge between urban tourists and rural tourism. Using theories of cultural encounters and cultural consumption, the research investigates rural tourism initiatives in two regions – Tateyama and Hirakawa. The narrative data provide insights into the motivations of the respondents to be part of the initiative and their experiences. It indicates how the process of cultural consumption leads to cultural appreciation. The study also serves as an example of how rural tourism can be implemented by other countries where rural economic mobilisation and empowerment is critical.


Child protection systems differ across the four countries of the United Kingdom, and understanding the differences provide important opportunities for learning and improving day-to-day practice.

This authoritative book compares UK child protection systems with other systems world-wide as well as scrutinising and comparing the systems in different parts of the UK.


Abstract Early-type dwarf galaxies dominate cluster populations, but their formation and evolutionary histories are poorly understood. The ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) survey has completed observations of the Virgo Cluster in the declination range of 6 – 16 degrees. Less than 2% of the early-type dwarf population is detected, a significantly lower fraction than reported in previous papers based on more limited samples. In contrast ~30% of the irregular/BCD dwarf population is detected. The detected early-type galaxies tend to be located in the outer regions of the cluster, with a concentration in the direction of the M Cloud. Many show evidence for ongoing/recent star formation. Galaxies such as these may be undergoing morphological transition due to cluster environmental effects.


BJS has recently taken a lead in promoting evidence-based practice in its series dedicated to patient safety and nowhere is this more important than in the introduction of new surgical procedures1. In the past, surgeons have been guilty of endorsing the introduction of new procedures before their rigorous assessment in terms of safety, efficacy and costeffectiveness. Objective assessment has often been overlooked because of the intrinsic appeal of new procedures, the need to be a part of a pioneering group or, worse, owing to the financial incentives from industry. These temptations must be resisted in the interests of patient safety and good clinical practice. The use and abuse of new technologies in surgery has become a hot topic and has been highlighted in colorectal surgery by Prescatori and Seow-Choen2. The recent promotion of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for obstructed defaecation syndrome is a prime candidate for a new procedure being introduced before its proper evaluation. Based on the technique of stapled haemorrhoidopexy developed by Antonio Longo, STARR employs a double-stapled circumferential resection of the lower rectum together with any associated rectocele, intussusception or mucosal prolapse. The use of two Proximate PPH-01 stapling guns (Ethicon Endosurgery, Ohio, USA) adds considerably to the cost of the operation, particularly when compared with conventional suturing techniques. This may be justifiable if the results of STARR stand up to critical scrutiny, but this cannot be determined from currently available evidence. The anatomical and physiological derangements underlying obstructed defaecation syndrome are complex and poorly understood. As a consequence, a plethora of surgical techniques have been described, with no one method achieving overall superiority. None of the techniques have addressed the underlying structural abnormalities of the syndrome in quite the same way as STARR. As a consequence, STARR has caught the imagination of coloproctologists, particularly in continental Europe, fuelling its rapid implementation into clinical practice. However, the evidence to support its widespread implementation is weak, with only three series published to date3–5. Two of these involve the same institution, none includes a control group, and all report only short-term follow-up. One is struck by a sense of déjà vu when considering the introduction of STARR; the parallels with the introduction of stapled haemorrhoidectomy are obvious. The latter was greeted with enthusiasm in 2000 following the publication of two small randomized trials6,7, but soon became the focus of controversy with the reporting of unacceptably high rates of severe postoperative pain8 and incidents of life-threatening pelvic sepsis9. Only several years and many randomized trials later are the benefits of stapled haemorrhoidectomy beginning to be realized. In much the same way, two of the three STARR studies report highly encouraging results3,4, but the third has been critical, with high rates of bleeding, pain, incontinence and recurrent constipation5. Furthermore, there has already been one death reported from a stapled rectocele repair, albeit in combination with a transperineal procedure10. In the interests of good clinical practice, it is imperative that STARR is implemented in a safe and responsible manner. The difficulty comes in deciding how to achieve this given the complexity and spectrum of abnormalities associated with obstructed defaecation syndrome. One operation does not 'fit all' and there are many patients who are best treated by non-operative means. Evidencebased practice promotes the randomized clinical trial as the preferred method for evaluating new technologies, but to which conventional surgical technique is STARR best compared? There is no 'gold standard' for comparison, and no technique that incorporates the extensive rectal resection of STARR. The indications for STARR have yet to be clearly defined, and those patients who will potentially benefit are likely to be different from those who benefit from conventional methods. In such circumstances, a good randomized clinical trial is probably not achievable. How then should we proceed in a responsible and safe manner, without totally stifling the pioneering spirit? The collection of accurate data is


ABSTRACT This article explores how the notion of the diva positions Beyoncé's star image within a larger tradition of black female superstardom at three different levels: (1) Beyoncé's performances as black divas from the past, such as Tina Turner and Diana Ross; (2) Beyoncé's challenging of the conventional definition of the diva in her 2009 "Diva" music video; and (3) Beyoncé's assumed status as a gay icon, including in the documentary Waiting for B. (directed by Paulo Cesar Toledo and Abigail Spindel, 2015). In this way, the concept of the diva can be used productively to discuss Beyoncé's star image, while simultaneously recognizing its restrictive character.


In comparison with other African countries, faith in democracy is strong in Ghana. But the legal tussles that followed the last general election in 2012, and the disqualification of some candidates ...


discuss Spanish attempts to make the Magreb an urgent field for crusading initiatives, provide curious details about the mixed Christian minorities in Albania and their connections with nearby Apulia, and explore the situation in nearby Ragusa and Venetian Cattaro. There is an investigation, perhaps out of place here, tending to authenticate Pope Alexander VI's dubious dealings with the Ottoman sultan and, finally, two studies of attempted Catholic penetration of the Slav lands and Syria that seem to suggest that reconciliation with the Eastern Churches was not a papal priority, and in the case of Russia, a hopeless cause. The final section moves into the transoceanic world, with one essay about the South American missionary field, as well as a rather miscellaneous trio about relations with the Safavid court of Persia, about oriental languages taught and used for publishing purposes in Rome, and about the papal legation in Peking in the eighteenth century—this reveals the unacceptability or incomprehensibility of papal claims of universal authority to the Chinese mind.


Findings from this report will likely spur the further studies needed to unravel the complex processes by which sickle erythrocytes increase inflammation beyond the damage caused to the vessel wall by sickled erythrocytes. If cf-mtDNA can be specifically targeted and inflammation is reduced in SCD mice, then cf-mtDNAmay be an important mediator of inflammation that increases vasoocclusion by what the investigators suggest is neutrophil activation and NETosis. Direct comparisons of DAMPs in SCD will reveal whether cf-mtDNA is an important mediator of inflammation and vasocongestion or just another biomarker of inflammation.


A taper equation and a volume table are presented for red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees grown in plantations. Fourteen diameter measurements from each of 234 trees were collected from nine plantations throughout the Pacific Northwest. Diameter inside bark (dib) along the stem was fitted to a variable exponent model form. Individual tree merchantable volume was then estimated as volume inside bark by integrating the taper function from 6 in. (stump height) to the height at a 5-in. (diameter outside bark) top. Incorporating two easily measured tree variables— dbh and total tree height—provided an accurate fit. Model results and the use of an independent evaluation data set of plantation-grown trees indicated that the model presented here was a better predictor of dib in managed stands than previously published red alder taper equations. This equation provides reliable dib and merchantable volume predictions and is an improvement over previous red alder volume and taper equations.


PURPOSE
To analyze the structural outcomes of zone I prethreshold and stage 3 threshold retinopathy of prematurity following laser ablation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This nonrandomized observational case series evaluated 71 eyes of 36 infants who weighed less than 1,250 g at birth. Infants were treated at either prethreshold or threshold severity. The structural outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS
The structural outcome was favorable in 96% and 80% of the prethreshold and threshold groups, respectively (P = .069). When an unfavorable outcome was defined as dragging of the temporal vessels, the difference was significant (P = .0257).

CONCLUSION
Early treatment of zone I disease may result in a better structural outcome.


As demonstrated by August Krogh et al. a century ago, the oxygen‐binding reaction of vertebrate haemoglobin is cooperative (described by sigmoid O2 equilibrium curves) and modulated by CO2 and protons (lowered pH) that – in conjunction with later discovered allosteric effectors (chloride, lactate and organic phosphate anions) – enhance O2 unloading from blood in relatively acidic and oxygen‐poor tissues. Based on the exothermic nature of the oxygenation of the haem groups, haemoglobin–O2 affinity also decreases with rising temperature. This thermal sensitivity favours oxygen unloading in warm working muscles, but may become detrimental in regionally heterothermic animals, for example in cold‐tolerant birds and mammals and warm‐bodied fish, where it may perturb the balance between O2 unloading and O2 requirement in organs with substantially different temperatures than at the respiratory organs and thus commonly is reduced or obliterated. Given that the oxygenation of haemoglobin is linked with the endothermic release of allosteric effectors, increased effector interaction is an effective strategy that is widely exploited to achieve adaptive reductions in the temperature dependence of blood‐O2 affinity. The molecular mechanisms implicated in heterothermic vertebrates from different taxonomic groups reveal remarkable variability, both as regards the effectors implicated (protons in tunas, organic phosphates in sharks and billfish, chloride ions in ruminants and chloride and phosphate anions in the extinct woolly mammoth, etc.) and binding sites for the same effectors, indicating multiple evolutionary origins, but convergent physiological functionality (reductions in temperature dependence of O2‐binding affinity that safeguard tissue O2 supply).


The invention provides a rapid manufacturing method for a resin casting die. The method includes the following steps that (1) whether the casting die needing to be manufactured is a male die or a female die is determined, a female die or a male die is correspondingly machined with polystyrene foam materials on numerical control machining equipment, the dimensions of the machined female die or the machined male die are determined with the surface dimensions of the male casting die or the female casting die as standards, and machining allowance of 1-1.5 mm is reserved; (2) the surface of the female die or the male die obtained in the step (1) is coated with a layer of surface layer resin material, then the surface of the surface layer resin material is coated with a back layer resin material, and a blank of the resin casting die is obtained after the resin materials are solidified and the polystyrene foam materials are removed; (3) after the blank is secondarily positioned on the numerical control machining equipment, the blank is machined to achieve the design dimension of the resin casting die, and the resin casting die is obtained; and (4) the obtained resin casting die is assembled on a molding plate so as to obtain the whole die. The manufacturing method is simple in process, short in production cycle and low in production cost.


59Co nuclear magnetic resonance was used to study the bulk and interface microstructure in the unpinned Co layer in a series of highly (111)-textured ion beam deposited spin valves. The intent of the study is to determine the degree of Co interface intermixing and any possible variation of the Co layer microstructure as a result of weakening (111) texture of the NiFe/Co/Cu/Co/NiFe/FeMn film stack. We found that the interfaces are diffused over ∼2 monolayers on both sides of the Co layer, involving an equivalent of about 3 A of Co per interface and vary only slightly with deteriorating texture. The main structural change is the drop of perfect fcc stacking in the Co layer.


Early childhood educators who develop effective, growth-promoting collegial relation- ships; advovate for better working conditions, salaries and create optimal program environments for children are helping to build a professional identity. Before teachers can do the best job of educating early childhood professionals must review knowledge about children and how they learn, and must stand together, united as a profession. Competent teachers of childhood education is formulate a thoughtfull educational phi- losophy, link developmental theory and educational practice, develop child centered, age appropriate curriculum, evaluate the effectiveness of classroom practices and teaching strategies, and contribution to the professionalization of the field ofearly childhood edu- cation. The most important factor in the implementation of high-quality program for early childhood education is the expertise of the teachers.
Colleges and universities offer teacher training program in early childhood education
throught departments of early child education. Training programs must include a variety ofpractical experiences culminating with student teaching, and must emphasize the integration of the theory and practice. Throught in service training program can used block time or semi block time. The teacher training programs result in a bachelor's degree, which is necessary to obtain state certification to teach in early childhood education


Objective To analysis the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation in treatment of inflammatory external hemorrhoids.Methods 48 case were randomly divided into control group,using Chinese herbal fumigation,and observation group that using potassium permanganate fumigation. Difference of clinical effect,subjective feeling was compared. Results The clinical effect and subjective feeling indicators of observation group was better than the control group. Conclusion Chinese herbal fumigation can attain satisfactory clinical outcome in the treatment for inflammatory external hemorrhoids with better subjective feeling.


The paper is to provide a plan to improve the school's effective information mangement system developed from technology ASP.NET and ADO.NET which reach the relization of the dynamic amnagement for the school information.


Persistent anisotropic EPR spectra detected in {gamma}-irradiated single crystals of PPN{sup +}HSM{sub 2}(CO){sub 10}{sup {minus}} (M = Cr, W) are attributed to the anion radicals produced by loss of a hydrogen atom from the undamaged anions. The g tensors were determined from measurements taken throughout three mutually orthogonal planes of crystallographically aligned single-crystal specimens: g(Cr) = (2.0008, 2.1142, 2.0472); g(W) = (1.9899, 2.2461, 2.0900). X-ray diffractometry showed that the undamaged crystals were isomorphous and belonged to the triclinic space group P{bar 1}. A full structure determination was carried out for the Cr compound only. Cell parameters for the Cr compound are as follows: a = 9.6629 (10) {angstrom}, b = 14.1626 (11) {angstrom}, c = 16.9509 (14) {angstrom}, {alpha} = 78.226 (7){degree}, {beta} = 85.711 (8){degree}, {gamma} = 89.615 (8){degree}, Z = 2. Cell parameters for the W compound are as follows: a = 9.825 (2) {angstrom}, b = 14.097 (4) {angstrom}, c = 17.019 (9) {angstrom}, {alpha} = 78.47 (3){degree}, {beta} = 85.72 (3){degree}, {gamma} = 89.91 (2){degree}. The anion structures showed an approximately octahedral arrangement of five carbonyls and a (shared) sulfur about each metal atom. Carbonyls from opposite ends of the anion are staggered with respect tomore » each other. Cr-S bonds are 2.46 and 2.48 {angstrom} long and 122.8{degree} apart. A good correlation was established for both Cr- and W-containing crystals between principal g values and the M-M direction (maximum g), the bisector of the M-S-M angle (intermediate g), and the perpendicular to the MSM plane (minimum g). The observations are interpreted in terms of a {pi}'-radical structure, analogous to that of SO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} in which unpaired spin density is shared between a S 3p{sub x} orbital directed perpendicular to the CrSCr plane and Cr 3d{sub xz} orbitals.« less


Recent studies in RHQ processed Nb3Al wires for future accelerator magnets are presented and discussed. The test wires were prepared with different fabrication parameters, such as Nb matrix ratio, RHQ current, area reduction ratio of the wire after RHQ treatment and heat treatment condition, and the measurements of critical current density (Jc) and n-value have been performed during past several years. Recently, we performed the critical temperature (Tc) measurement and the relationship between Jc and Tc were investigated from Nb matrix and area reduction effect. Currently achieved highest non-copper Jc is 2171 A/mm at 10 T with 29 % area reduction.


The invention, a receptacle 11 is formed around the axis A, and are arranged concentrically with respect to the axis A, and an alternating current is passed, they are separated from one another by an intermediate element 22, a magnetic field in the receptacle 11 a primary part 20 having a plurality of annular primary coil 21, along axis a by the magnetic field of the receptacle 11 can be moved relative to the primary part 20 and secondary coil having a superconductor winding 31 relates to a linear electric machine having a secondary part 30 with. To produce a linear motor which enables a high power density, the intermediate element 22 is made of a material not magnetizable, the primary coil 21 and secondary coil 31 is disposed with a gap winding, the secondary next coil 31 is fabricated from a high temperature superconductor, flow or can flow DC therein. Power density of 18N / cm


The subclass Dinosauria, as known to-day, I have divided into three orders: the Theropoda, or carnivorous forms; the Sauropoda, or herbivorous quadrupedal forms; and the Predentata, also herbivorous, and including several suborders, namely, the Stegosauria and Ceratopsia, both quadrupedal, and the Ornithopoda, containing bipedal bird-like reptiles.


Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Hunpu and Shenfu wastewater irrigated soil and Qingyuan soil(control site) was discussed.The qualitative results demonstrated that 10 kinds of EPA priority PAHs were detected in Shenfu,while 12 kinds of the PAHs in Hunpu and 8 kinds of the compounds in Qingyuan are detected.The total concentration of PAHs was found to have peak at(2~5) and 5~10 cm layer and decline with depth.Four-ring and five-ring PAHs had a high proportion in each profile.The principal PAHs compounds were fluoranthene,benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene which was similar with surface soil.The highest concentration of low-ring compounds distributed at 0~2 cm,and the others at 5~10 cm.PAHs ratios inferring the sources of PAHs indicated that the main sources of PAHs in the soils were incomplete combustion of petrol,crude soil and coal as well as the contribution of wastewater irrigation.


With the continuous development of the Internet, there are many web services with the same functional attributes but different functional attributes. It is urgent to find a web service that can satisfy itself quickly and efficiently from the massive web service data. This paper improves the traditional Skyline algorithm, divides the web service data set into regions, greatly reduces the data points without dominance, and saves memory usage. The improved Skyline algorithm can significantly improve the speed of Web service selection. However, the improved Skyline algorithm will still have insufficient computing resources when processing massive Web service data, resulting in a significant decrease in computing speed and even computer jam. In view of the above situation, this paper will parallelize the improved Skyline algorithm and parallelize the improved Skyline algorithm through the Spark platform. Experiments show that the parallelized Skyline algorithm can better handle massive Web service data. (Abstract)


Abstract : Young domestic swine, 6 animals per group, were subjected to 30 and 50% hemorrhage of their estimated blood volume over a 1-hour period while in a conscious recumbent state. Before and for 5 hours after hemorrhage, hemodynamic functions were measured to assess the characteristics of spontaneous recovery from hemorrhagic hypotension. Six additional pigs, treated similarly except for hemorrhage, served as controls. Immediately after 30% hemorrhage, arterial mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were 79, 104, and 59 mm Hg, respectively. During th 5-hour recovery period, these pressures reverted to 105, 129, and 81 mm Hg which were nearly the same as pre-hemorrhage values. Heart rates were unaltered by hemorrhage but increased slightly during recovery. Pulse pressure was not significantly affected by hemorrhage or recovery, while hematocrits declined during and following blood loss. After 50% hemorrhage, arterial mean, systolic, and diastolic pressures were 46, 79, and 26 mm Hg, respectively. During the recovery period these pressures rose to 81, 104, and 62 mm Hg; all of these values remained significantly below pre-hemorrhage values. Pulse pressure increased significantly during the recovery period, while hematocrits decreased to an even greater degree than those in the 30% group. In both hemorrhage groups spontaneous recovery was associated with a progressive decrease in hematocrit which reflected a transfer of interstitial fluid to the circulation.


The brush library that includes a brush cleaner, and how to operate them, and brush cleaner is disclosed. A brush cleaner, a tank 110 in the open configuration the top surface in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; The washing tank 110, three fan is mounted to be rotatable on a lower surface of the interior (120); The washing tank brush fixing portion 130, 110 is mounted to the top, to hold stationary a portion of the brush (10); A germicidal lamp 140 that is mounted to the cleaning bath 110, the upper, sterilizing the cleaning brush (10); The washing tank washing liquid containing portion 150, which is mounted adjacent to (110), housing the washing liquid (20); Feed pump to be supplied to the inside the washing tank the washing liquid (20) housing mounted adjacent to the cleaning bath 110, an internal cleaning solution storage 150 at a predetermined pressure through the liquid feed pipe (163, 164) 160 .; The discharge unit having the discharge valve 172 for opening and closing the discharge pipe 171 under the control of the washing tank 110 is mounted on the lower outlet is in communication with the inside the washing tank 110, the pipe 171 and the controller 180 ( 170); The cleaning fan 120, a sterilizing lamp 140, a controller 180 that controls the operation of the feed pump 160 and the discharge valve 172; And a vehicular configuration comprises a; and the washing tank 110, a washing liquid containing portion 150 and the body portion 190 for mounting the controller 180. According to the brush cleaner of the present invention, it is possible to achieve an effective cleaning effect of the brush, can be dried and sterilized at without moving the make-up for the cleaning brush is fixed in place state.


In the context of the formation of a modern market economy and the ongoing economic pandemic of the coronavirus, the state pays special attention to investments in increasing the economic activity of enterprises in various sectors of the economy and the socio-economic development of regional economies. The state is implementing a number of national projects to support the digitalization of industrial enterprises, aimed at increasing their productivity. However, the issues of investment policy based on the introduction of modern technologies to increase the economic activity and competitiveness of enterprises remain unresolved. The article is devoted to the analysis of aspects of investment attractiveness and the process of its assessment in increasing the investment activity of enterprises, as well as structural changes in the country's investment policy, which will be implemented in the future.