Objective To explore the effects of nursing care to schizophrenia patients by offering homey environment and humanism nursing care. Methods Eighty schizophrenia inpatients were randomly divided into the observation group (n= 39) and control group (n=41). Both groups received the antipsychotic treatment, the routine nursing care for schizophrenia, health education and rehabilitation training of living and social function. The patients in the control group were treated in ordinary wards. Each patient in the observation group was treated in a homey private ward and received humanism nursing care (including personnel training; offering homey environment; family education and implementing open nursing management). All subjects were assessed using NOSIE, BPRS, SDS, SAS and self-made questionnaire on satisfaction degree to hospital services and the families' knowledge about schizophrenia. Results There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group in the total scores of the NOSIE, BPRS, SDS, SAS, satisfaction degree to hospital services and the families' knowledge about schizophrenia after one month hospitalization (P0.05 or P0.01). And after three months leaving from hospital, there was no significant difference in the scores of the NOSIE, BPRS (P0.05). There were also significant differences between the observation group and the control group in the average hospital stay (P0.01).Conclusion Offering homey environment and implementing humanism nursing care had benefit to alleviate the patients' anxiety, depression and other symptoms, improve their compliance of drug therapy, increase the satisfaction degree to hospital services and the families' know- ledge about schizophrenia, shorten the average hospital stay and increase the hospital's social and economic benefit.


Genzyme's manufacturing and supply chain organization is responsible for the production and delivery of medically necessary medicines for patients with rare diseases around the world. Because of the nature of the products produced at Genzyme, a lapse in operational performance has societal as well as economic impacts. Therefore increased understanding of the complex production systems at Genzyme is helpful to reduce risk and improve performance. This thesis is an analysis of a system of two critical production processes at Genzyme. These processes are studied collectively because shared resources make them a tightly coupled system. The research is presented in three sections. The first section explores the current state of the system and explains general performance trends. The second section examines the impact of scheduling complexity arising from shared resources. The third section discusses how process improvement methodologies could be applied at Genzyme. The following conclusions arise from the work conducted for this thesis. First, the performance of the system has declined due to an increase in utilization and an already high level of variability. Second, variability caused by shared resource conflicts can be minimized using new scheduling techniques. And finally, continuous improvement methods are recommended to further reduce variability and increase overall process performance. Thesis Supervisor: Charles Cooney Title: Robert T. Haslam Professor of Chemical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Steven Spear Title: Senior Lecturer, MIT Sloan School of Management This page intentionally left blank.


Harvey Blume's review of Gershom Scholem's On Jews and Judaism in Crisis (Telos 31) misrepresents Zionism and Scholem's attitude toward the Palestinians, and contains serious historical inaccuracies regarding Scholem's record in the Israel-Arab conflict. Blume claims that the absence of any discussion of the Arab-Jewish problem in this particular volume demonstrates that "Scholem completely shares the failure of Zionism" to consider the Arabs. In the first place, to argue that Zionism as a whole is monolithic or to argue that the Zionist movement was monolithic concerning the Palestinians is a serious factual distortion. There are and always have been serious differences within Zionism on just about every issue, including that of the Palestinians.


This paper suggests a computer model for prediction about the occurrence of an armed conflict between two countries or two organizations based on the Richardson's arms race mathematical model. The Richardson model was the first application of dynamic modeling in the field of international relations. Richardson used his model to describe the arms race between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the one hand, and Russia and France on the other, in the period of 1909-1913. This simulated computer model which based on the Richardson's arms race mathematical model allows not only to predict the outcome of the arms race, but also allows the user to apply the model for analyzing of how to reduce the probability of war. Three examples and two exercises are presented in the paper to get more clear understanding on how our implemented program works. The aim of the work is to show the possibility of armed conflicts using practical application of computer simulation based on the Richardson approach.


This paper introduces a family of Askey-Wilson type orthogonal polynomials in n variables associated with a root system of type BCn. The family depends, apart from q, on 5 parameters. For n = 1 it specializes to the four-parameter family of one-variable Askey-Wilson polynomials. For any n it contains Macdonald's two three-parameter families of orthogonal polynomials associated with a root system of type BCn as special cases.


A review of adaptive detection techniques for direct-sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) signals is given. The goal is to improve CDMA system performance and capacity by reducing interference between users. The techniques considered are implementations of multiuser receivers, for which background material is given. Adaptive algorithms improve the feasibility of such receivers. Three main forms of receivers are considered. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver is described and its performance illustrated. Numerous adaptive algorithms can be used to implement the MMSE receiver, including blind techniques, which eliminate the need for training sequences. The adaptive decorrelator can be used to eliminate interference from known interferers, though it is prone to noise enhancement. Multistage and successive interference cancellation techniques reduce interference by cancellation of one detected signal from another. Practical problems and some open research topics are mentioned. These typically relate to the convergence rate and tracking performance of the adaptive algorithm.


This paper does research on athletes qualification ownership,points that some legal clauses about athletes qualification in the National Games obstruct the marketization and socialization development of sports.Diversity of investors brings out conflicts while distributing interests.The author makes suggestions that we should construct liquid markets for athletes,systematize the way of athletes qualification,allow the flow of elite athletes,and allow college teams to take part in the national games.


The paper presents financial-economic and strategic conditions in the market of agricultural real property for foreign investors. The significance of the presented conditions was represented in the format of a model of the so-called strategic investment card as a complex approach to implementation of investment in agricultural real properties. The verification of the model was conducted on the example of Majmławki farm. The evaluation of the investment was defined in the aspects of economic, market, and social-environmental effectiveness as well as the so-called investment options. UWARUNKOWANIA INWESTYCYJNE RYNKU NIERUCHOMOŚCI ROLNYCH DLA INWESTORÓW ZAGRANICZNYCH


Objective: The causes of "delayed-on" and "no-on" phenomena in Parkinson disease (PD) are thought to have some impact on the progress of L-DOPA from the time of ingestion until it reaches the brain and is converted to dopamine. Dysphagia can cause fluctuating symptom expression in L-DOPA therapy for PD. Case Description: A 69-year-old man with PD presented with "delayed-on" and "no-on" phenomena. The patient developed a gait disorder at age 60 years, and he began coughing on his food during breakfast at age 64 years. Even though he was independent in daily life, he could not eat because of dysphagia in an "off" state. Videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing in an "off" state revealed bradykinesia of the tongue and the retention of tablets in the epiglottic vallecula. We trained him to keep his tongue in strong contact with the upper incisors before swallowing. After rehabilitation of dysphagia, the frequency of "delayed-on" and "no-on" phenomena decreased, and his peak L-DOPA plasma concentration was elevated. Additionally, transdermal rotigotine (RTG) was initiated at a maintenance dose of 9.0 mg. The patient reported improvement in swallowing, and the frequency of "no-on" phenomena decreased. Conclusion: In PD patients, the "no-on" phenomenon can be caused by posterior contractile dysfunction of the tongue, and it can be improved with training of the tongue and transdermal RTG administration.


Despite correct positioning pulmonary artery catheters may be displaced accidentally. Repositioning may prove to be difficult, especially when high pulmonary artery pressures are present. After failure of usual placement methods, transoesophageal echocardiography was used to guide repositioning of a displaced Swan‐Ganz catheter in the early postoperative course after cardiac surgery in a child. This technique proved to be useful in visualizing intracardiac catheter orientation and facilitating pulmonary artery catheter placement at bedside, avoiding transportation of a haemodynamically unstable patient.


Using density functional theory and elastic scattering Green's function theory,we study effect of side groups on electronic transport properties of bioligophenyleneethynylene molecular junctions and intermolecularπ—πinteractions at ab initio level.Numerical results show that substituents on the phenyl rings have significant influence on intermolecularπ—πinteractions.When the substituent is oxygenmethyl, it promotes theπ—πinteraction and electronic transport ability.When the substituent is tertbutyl, it reduces theπ—πinteraction and electronic transport ability.The theoretical simulations give a good explanation for the recent experimental measurements.


This article investigates and compares the electromagnetic performance of two novel hybrid-magnetic-circuit variable flux memory machines (HMC-VFMMs) with different hybrid permanent magnet (PM) configurations. The investigated HMC-VFMMs are both geometrically characterized by a combination of series and parallel magnetic circuit topologies, but with different positions of series and parallel PM branches. The developed HMC design can combine the merits of wide flux adjustment range in parallel structure and excellent unintentional demagnetization withstand capability in series structure. The topologies, features, and working principles of the studied HMC-VFMMs with different hybrid magnet configurations are described, respectively. The magnetic circuit model is utilized to analytically reveal the performance metrics of the two machines. The electromagnetic characteristics of the radially magnetized (RM) and circumferentially magnetized LCF types of HMC-VFMMs are evaluated and compared by the finite-element method. Furthermore, the performance comparison of the proposed RM-type HMC-VFMM with a benchmark interior PM machine is conducted. The experiments on RM-type HMC-VFMM prototype with RM-structure are carried out to validate the FE analyses.


Approximately 1800 students study Chemistry in the first year of their degree at The University of Sydney. The course consists of lectures, tutorials and a laboratory component, all of which contribute to the assessment of the student. Chemistry is taught as a practical based discipline and students spend three hours each week in the laboratory. This is half the face-to-face teaching time they spend in First Year Chemistry.

When all of the pre-laboratory work was print based, the laboratory tutors checked the work of each student at the start of the laboratory class. This took considerable time and detracted from the time available to conduct experimental work. We set out to design a means of hosting the pre-laboratory work online. This would be coupled with a formative quiz, which could give feedback to the students at the time they were thinking about the material and alert tutors to individuals that might be having difficulties with a particular area. All of the time in the laboratory would then be available for practical work with the tutors able to focus on teaching practical skills.


This paper evaluates the potential eco-environment of Longzhong Loess Plateau by using the principal component analysis with GIS software Adinfo. Firstly, found the Digital Environmental Model (DEM) which consists of seven influential factors to the potential eco-environment of the study area; secondly, perform principal component analysis to the second class indexes to obtain the furst class indexes-terrain indexes, soil indexes, and eco-climate indexes; get the potential eco-environment index in the same way. There are many methods that could be used to evaluate eco-environment, such as AHF' (The Analytic Hierarchy Process), but most of them are subjective. The principle component analysis not only extracts a fewer factors from many influential factors, but also provides the weights of the principal components to avoid the subjectivity of the experts. The degeneracy of eco-environment is one of the most essential problems that people are facing at present throughout the world. It not only makes the natural resources dried up increasingly, the diversification of organism reduced constantly, but also hinders the sustainable development of social economy seriously. It is now threatening the existence of mankind (Ye et al., 1992; Yan et al., 1999; Fu et al., 1996). The degeneracy of eco-environment has caused people's great concern and the study on recovering and reconstructing the ecological environment has become one of the hottest spot subjects at present (Jordan, 1987; Hobbs, 1996). Therefore, It urgently needs to analyze and appraise the potential ecological environment to provide foundations for recovering and reconstructing ecology. There are lots of methods for studying eco-environment, such as Qualitative analysis, fuzzy clustering (Yang et al., 2000), and overlaying the eco-environment factors (Gao et al., 1999; Hu et al., 2000; Li et al., 2000; Meng 2000; Xiao et al., 1999; Ye and Liu, 2000; Zhao and Zhang, 1999). The last method is most be used and where the shoe pinches by using the method is that how to confirm the weights of the eco-environmental factors. There are two methods most be used that can do this work. One is AHP (Meng et al., 2000; Gao et al., 1999) which assesses the weights of the eco-environmental factors by expert, the other method is by using regressing the index of ecoenvironment and the eco-environmental factors. The former method is subjective for the acquisition of the weights by experts' assessing and the latter is very difficult to acquire the index of eco-environment which often we want to get at last. This paper chooses the PCA (principal component analysis) method, which can integrate the information containing many indexes to a fewer index to reduce the redundancy of data which is very important to retrench the resource of computers. And then, use the sum of the product of the principal component and its corresponding weight which is the quotient of its corresponding eigenvalue to the sum of all the eigenvalues of their correspond principal components to substitute the sum of the primal data and their correspond weights, which is objective.


In some oxide thin film systems, such thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs), thermal cycling leads to the development of geometric irregularities in the film. The evolution of these irregularities involves very large changes in aspect-ratio and often occurs rapidly over several hundreds of cycles. A key aspect of this behavior is the development of tensile stresses in the irregularity due to plastic yielding of the surrounding metal. These stresses can accelerate the elongation of the oxide (which translates into shape evolution of the irregularity) by various mechanisms, including enhanced oxide formation, inelastic stretching (creep) and failure of the oxide. An idealized analytical model consisting of a thin elastic shell embedded in an elastic-plastic matrix is used to explore the interactions between geometry, thermal strains, plasticity and oxide growth. Boundaries between purely elastic deformation, uni-directional yielding and reversed plasticity are shown to have a strong dependence on the size of the irregularity relative to the oxide thickness. For any given thermal strain, there is a critical aspect ratio of the irregularity that leads to maximum tensile stress in the oxide. The resulting closed-form solutions allow for quick and easy evaluations of various oxide-growth scenarios, including stress-dependent oxide formation. This talk will present the application of these models to TBC thermal cycling experiments, and discuss how stress-dependent oxide formation plays a role in the rapid evolution of these irregularities. A variety of oxide growth scenarios will be illustrated, and used to demonstrate that oxide failure and subsequent oxide formation in the cracked region is the most likely explanation for the rapid shape evolution seen in the experiments.


The authors argue that family therapists should heighten their awareness of and sensitivity to the nuances of the Appalachian culture which impact the process of family therapy. Appalachian cultural value preferences and family relationship structures are contrasted with those of the dominant culture, and differences are highlighted. Guidelines for implementing culturally-sensitive family therapy are discussed. It is hoped that these will enable the family therapist to respond more effectively to differences in Appalachian and middle-class white value preferences and family structure. Lastly, strategic therapy and other here and now problem solving therapies are recommended as treatments of choice with Appalachian people. This paper was written with two objectives in mind. One was to distill from the countless studies of Appalachian culture those characteristics which are relevant to family therapy interventions with Appalachian families. The second was to provide family therapists with guidelines for wor...


Twin Research Volume 7 Number 6 pp. 680–689 VARIATIONS IN THE THROMBOMODULIN GENE PREDISPOSE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS SUCH AS STROKE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN A FINNISH CASE–COHORT STUDY FINRISK K.Ahonen, K. Komulainen, M.Alanne, M. Levander, K. Silander, S. Kulathinal, L. Peltonen, 1 V. Salomaa, 2 and M. Perola 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland


The electrical properties of midgap states in n‐type AlxGa1−xAs grown by the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were investigated by the deep level transient spectroscopy and photocapacitance (PHCAP) techniques. A new PHCAP measurement procedure to avoid interference from the photoionization of the DX center was used. Two near‐midgap levels, i.e., a higher lying MH level and a lower lying ML level were detected. As AlAs mole fraction, x, is increased, the energy positions of these two levels became deeper, maintaining a remarkable horizontal alignment with respect to the hybrid orbital energy level. The ML level showed a clear photoquenching for x<0.3, but the quenching disappeared for x≳0.3. No photoquenching of the MH level was observed for all x investigated. Similarity of the photoquenching behavior to GaAs 1−x Px as well as its energy position and optical cross sections led to the conclusion that the ML level is an As‐related EL2‐like defect. On the other hand, the MH level originates from a defect rel...


The question of the optimal size and rate of growth of the money supply has at least as many meanings as there are definitions of "money." Three possible interpretations of the question are: (1) What are the optimal size and the optimal rate of growth of the central government's deadweight debt to its citizens? (2) What are the optimal size and the optimal rate of growth of the supplies of currency and other means of payment? (3) What is the optimal degree of financial intermediation in an economy, and what is its optimal rate of expansion? In some models one or two of these interpretations vanish, or merge. An important example is the simplest monetary extension of the standard aggregative neoclassical growth model. In this extension money as government debt and money as means of payment are identical. It is assumed, in other words, that all government debt takes the form of means of payment -either directly as currency or indirectly as demand deposits backed 100 per cent by currency or other government obligations-and that all means of payment are directly or indirectly obligations of the central government. Under these restrictive assumptions, interpretations (1) and (2) merge. At the same time these models ignore private financial markets and intermediaries, so that question (3) does not arise.


This paper deals with a design method for the efficiency optimization of 223 MVA class superconducting generator. In consideration of the electrical characteristics based on electromagnetic analysis, GA (genetic algorithm), which has been successfully applied to various design problems in electric machines and devices, is used as an approach method of the optimized design with some variables and constraints. The results designed by this method are found to be reasonable and effective as compared with those obtained by the methods of trial and error until now.


The high economic (and energetic) cost of storage accumulator system is still limiting the proliferation of SAPV system. Presently, due to its technical maturity and its low economical investment cost, the storage system universally used in SAPV market, is the lead-acid technology. Nevertheless, the advantages offered by the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) technology in terms of better charging/discharging efficiencies and ageing make Li-ion accumulators more and more envisioned in such applications. In this paper, sizing optimisations of SAPV systems have been lead for each accumulator technology considered. The photovoltaic system has been simulated hour by hour on the whole cycle life duration. Experimental outcomes, lead in order to establish a complete energetic model for Li-ion accumulators, are presented in this paper. Results have been compared using the Gross Energy Requirement (GER) criterion of the whole SAPV system. Results show that Li-ion technology allows us to reduce the energy cost of SAPV systems notably when considering a simulation duration corresponding to the expected life time of PV panels.


Background . The implementation of alterations to project documentation is the modification of certain solutions, assumptions or requirements. It mostly involves the verification or the specification of project documentation with regard to the actual conditions of execution or the investor's expectations. The management of alterations in a construction project is aimed at predicting any negative consequences caused by changes in the investment process and their prevention or mitigation. Previous experience indicates that alterations to project documentation introduced during the execution of the work are widespread. They contribute to loss of time and increase in the cost of the project. For this reason, it is necessary to develop and implement an effective model for the management of such alterations. Research aims . The project manager, before construction, should be aware of any alterations to the project documentation that may have occurred during its execution, and their possible consequences. The aim of the study is to identify the causes, the structure and the consequences of alterations to project documentation with regard to water supply and sewerage construction. Methodology . The basis of the research and analyses constitute a detailed review of documentation compiled from eight projects in water supply and sewerage. Among the documents concerned, the "Records of Necessity" and "Records of Negotiations" were especially valuable for conducting the analysis. Key findings . The research conducted indicated the crucial role of the investor in the process of managing alterations to project documentation. The research revealed that proper preparation of the investment process, i.e. recruiting the best designers to prepare the project documentation, tracking changes in the nearer and farther surroundings, may significantly contribute to reducing or even eliminating many alterations to project documentation during the execution of the work.


We propose a new reflective twisted nematic display mode, which is called the second minimum RTN mode. This mode has a larger dΔn value compared with the first minimum RTN mode which we proposed previously. A cell gap of 7 μm or larger can be used for this mode which makes the fabrication processing of this kind of reflective LCDs easier and more compatible with that of TN LCDs. The color dispersion in both bright and dark states of this display mode is small, and the response is reasonably fast considering the 7 μm cell gap. This display mode can be used in conjunction with TFT active matrix for high quality reflective displays for PDAs, and cell phones. It is also suitable for passive low cost applications such as watches and games.


The purpose of the study was to investigate student teachers' views on the introduction of environmental education in Nigerian Schools. One hundred and fifty (150) Sandwich Social Studies Students of the Institute of Education, University of Ilorin were selected for the study using researcher-designed questionnaire to collect relevant data. Their responses were analysed using simple percentage. The findings of the study showed that majority of the trainees had a wrong conception of environmental education because they were not exposed to it. However, majority of the respondents agreed that environmental education should be introduced into the Social Studies Curriculum. A recommendation deriving from the study is that environmental education should be introduced as a matter of urgency at all levels of our education and it should be infused into the Social Studies Curriculum.


THE FIRST contribution to the medical literature on sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract was made by Poe. 1 The present paper is a continuation of the same case, covering a span of more than ten years. So far as we have been able to discover, this is the first record of clinical observations on sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract. The larynx will be described in considerable detail, since this organ in particular was watched during the entire period. Since Boeck made his studies public, an exceedingly large amount of literature has accumulated on the subject. It is well known that the disease appears in many clinical forms. These forms have been well described at various times, and therefore we shall not discuss that aspect for the present. Since the historical development of the disease has also received much detailed treatment, it will not be given especial consideration here. During


BACKGROUND
Paediatric phase I trials are critical to the evaluation of new agents using standardized methodology. However a large proportion of paediatric patients in Canada do not have access to phase I therapy.

OBJECTIVES
A National Paediatric Cancer Relapse Survey was conducted to collect preliminary data to evaluate the feasibility of multi-centre paediatric phase I trials within Canada.

METHODS
A survey consisting of 20 individual questions was sent out to all of the 17 paediatric oncology centres in Canada.

RESULTS
Fifteen centres (88%) responded to the survey. 1027 children are diagnosed with cancer each year in Canada while 241 present with recurrent cancer. Of the 85 patients who are considered to be eligible for phase I study each year, only 53% were referred for phase I therapy. Two centres have more than 10 eligible patients a year, while the remaining 13 centres have less than 10 eligible patients each year.

CONCLUSIONS
We estimate that 20% of the eligible patients could be accrued to phase I trials and Canada may provide sufficient patient number, i.e. 25 to 30 solid tumour patients every 2 years, to allow one multi-centre paediatric phase I trial to be completed over a 2-year period.


In general, embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and computer program products for determining the probability that a given website is conducting or is related to fraudulent activity, including phishing activity. More particu larly, embodiments of the invention relate to automatically (73) Assignee: BANK OF AMERICA monitoring and scoring URLs for fraudulent activity by pars CORPORATION, Charlotte, NC ing keywords, combinations of keywords, and other relevant (US) data from an input communication, such as an email, and analyzing the data obtained against a database containing a (21) Appl. No.: 12/433,398 plurality of grading factors.


: Raw food product's hygiene is a scientific disciplinary mainly emphasizing with handling and storage. Storage of food under imprecise environmental condition will reduce the service life of the raw food material causing rotting and browning effect resulting in wastage of the food. This paper focuses on a system which controls and monitors the quality and quantity parameters such as temperature humidity and weight. The controlling unit is hinge on the databases of optimum parametric values for various raw food materials. This unit using the internet of things technology notifies the user about the intended parameters of the food continuously. [2] The rapid development of internet of things results in the application in the field of food quality and safety monitoring. In this paper, the architecture of the food quality and safety monitoring system based on internet of things is introduced. The characteristics, laered structure and key technologies are expressed. Application of internet of things to monitor food quality safety are bound to realize the functions of intelligent monitoring and controlling, accurate prediction and disposing food safety incidents efficiently. Throughout all the processes of production, logistics, consumption and tracing of food, the proposed architecture of quality and safety monitoring system based on IoT aimes to construct an unified platform. The proposed systematic platform operates on valid service contents and operational modes in case of data integration. The rapid development of internet of things has been providing comprehensive applications in the field of food quality and safety monitoring . On the basis of the advantages and features of internet of things technology, this paper has presented key innovation contents of internet of things applied in the modern intelligent food industry, which can realize the functions of intelligent monitoring and controlling, accurate prediction and disposing food safety incidents efficiently. The key technologies used here are the RFID technology and the cloud technology. The RFID tags are used to record the basic information of the source of raw materials together with other such as date of inspection, packaging date and batch number. The cloud technology is used to store databases which is parameters of the food materials for monitoring purposes with intelligent reasoning technologies. [3] In this paper a prototype has been achieved where the the system is based on the designing monitoring and analyzing the information from the internet for safety of the food materials. This paper mentions some key technologies like web crawling which can collect timely information and related to the subject in question. It is based on the machine learning method. Here the internet information is to be analyzed according to the category and characteristics. This is in order to monitor and analyze the special internet information. The major key technologies here are Web page crawling, spam filtering and Information extraction and event warning. The topical crawling technology is used to classify the information on the internet, rapid collection of related content and disposing


To determine the types of combining abilities, heterosis and genetic behavior of agronomic traits, six divergent canola genotypes were crossed using a half diallel mating design (excluding reciprocal crosses). The parents and their crosses were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Kafr-El-Hamam/Sharkia and Etay-El-Baroud/Behaira Agricultural Research Stations, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. The preponderance of dominance gene action was observed for most studied traits as verified by the average degree of dominance and narrow-sense heritability. The GGE biplot revealed that N.A.36 and N.A.39 at Kafr-El-Hamam and N.A.39 and N.A.14 at Etay-El-Baroud were the best general combiners for seed weight plant-1 and N.A.36, N.A.38 and N.A.39 at Kafr-El-Hamam and N.A.36, N.A.39 and N.A.14 at Etay-El-Baroud for seed oil content, which associated with proportion of desirable genes either dominant or recessive. Superior crosses than better parents for seed weight plant-1 were observed in four crosses [N.A.36 and N.A. 37] x [N.A.38 and N.A.14] at Kafr-El-Hamam and two crosses [N.A.37] x [N.A.38 and N.A.14] at Etay-ElBaroud as well as for seed oil content in four crosses [N.A.39 and N.A.14] x [N.A.37 and N.A.38] at Kafr-El-Hamam and two crosses in [N.A.18] x [N.A.37 and N.A.38] at EtayEl-Baroud.


This paper discusses the results of an evaluation of an information education and communication (IEC) campaign that integrated traditional and modern mass media forms of communication to present family planning messages to the adult population in Bamako Mali. The project interventions included 4 half-hour televised plays four 1-minute television spots two traditional style songs and a national population logo campaign. The interventions covered a number of family planning messages including male sexual responsibility the importance of communication between couples on family planning the economic and health advantages of family planning practice the role of family planning in Islam condom usage oral contraceptives and other methods and the dangers of unplanned adolescent pregnancy. The multivariate analyses appear to indicate that education access to radio and television and exposure to mass media IEC messages are positively linked to knowledge and use of modern contraception during the 7-month period between the baseline (11/8%) and follow-up (15/4%) surveys and more favorable attitudes towards family planning. Furthermore a dramatic drop in the proportion of women and men who believe that Islam is against family planning. From the findings use of traditional media in combination with the modern proved to be a powerful means to effectively disseminate messages and information about family planning.


Background Previous studies have shown that many within-class differences exist between sulfonylureas (SUs), however, whether differences exist regarding the time it takes between initiating an SU and the need to intensify treatment with insulin is unclear. The aim of this study was investigate the relationships between the three frequently used sulphonylureas, prescribed as dual therapy next to metformin, and the time needed to treatment intensification with either insulin or oral triple therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) is a prospective observational cohort study set in primary care in the Netherlands. Annually collected data on diabetes medication and clinical variables within ZODIAC are used to evaluate the primary outcome, time to insulin and secondary outcome, time to either insulin or triple oral therapy. For statistical analysis a time-dependent cox proportional hazard model was used. Results 3507 patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 61 (SD 11.4) and a median HbA1c of 6.8% [IQR 6.4–7.4] (50.8 mmol/mol [IQR 46.4–57.4]).The hazard ratio (HR) for the primary endpoint was 1.10 (95% CI 0.78–1.54) for metformin/glimepiride and 0.93 (95% CI 0.67–1.30) for metformin/tolbutamide with metformin/gliclazide as reference group. The HR for the secondary outcome was 1.04 (95% CI 0.78–1.40) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.64–1.13), respectively. Conclusion In this large Dutch primary care cohort, new users of neither gliclazide, glimepiride nor tolbutamide as dual therapy with metformin, resulted in differences in the time needed for further treatment intensification.


Risken's matrix continued fraction method is used to solve the Fokker-Planck equation to calculate particle current in an inertial symmetric (sinusoidal) periodic potential under the action of a constant force. The particle moves in a medium with friction coefficient also varying periodically in space as the potential but with a finite phase difference $\phi (\ne n\pi, n=0,1,2, ...)$. The algebraic sum of current with applied forces $\pm|F|$ gives the ratchet current in the adiabatic limit. Even though, the effect of frictional inhomogeneity is weak, the ratchet current shows very rich qualitative characteristics. The effects of variation of $F$, the temperature $T$, and the average friction coefficient $\gamma_0$ on the performance characteristics of the ratchet are presented.


PN sequences over GF (q) are unsuitable directly for cryptography because of their strong linear structure. In the paper it is shown that in order to obtain the sequence with the same occurence of elements and with the same length as PN sequence, but having non-linear structure, it simply suffices to modulate the PN sequence by its cyclic shift using two-input quasigroup operator. Thus, such new sequences, named NLPN sequences, which means Non-Linear Pseudo-Noise sequences, can be easily generated over GF (q) for q ≥ 3. The method of generating the NLPN sequences is exhaustively explained by a detailed example concerning non-linear pseudo-noise sequences over GF (8). In the other example the way of constructing good keys generator for generalized stream-ciphers over the alphabet of order 256 is sketched. It is hoped that NLPN sequences will find many applications in such domains as cryptography, Monte-Carlo methods, spread-spectrum communication, GSM systems, random number generators, scrambling, testing VLSI chips and video encryption for pay-TV purposes.


In this work, semi‐discrete and fully discrete error estimates are derived for the Biot's consolidation model described using a three‐field finite element formulation. These fields include displacements, total stress and pressure. The model is implemented using a backward Euler discretization in time for the fully discrete scheme and validated for benchmark examples. Computational experiments are presented to verify the convergence orders for two finite elements with discontinuous and continuous approximations for the total stress.


Meeting the requirements of food security of resource-poor farmers and consumers in an environmentally sustainable manner amidst complex challenges of climate change and large-scale farmer distress is a key challenge in agriculture today. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has emerged as an important agroecological innovation that has found acceptance by farmers in Asia despite initial resistance from rice researchers. The dynamic and complex spread of SRI in India has brought several surprises. Smaller states have been able to make rapid strides in upscaling SRI despite being seen as laggards in the earlier Green Revolution paradigm. Institutional rigidities, a refusal to learn from other actors, especially farmers and civil-society organisations (CSOs), and a focus on adoption rather than adaptation are reasons for failure in some of the bigger states. This paper analyses SRI's evolution in India, highlighting the role of institutional innovation and learning in knowledge-intensive agricultural systems such as SRI. Understanding the features of this and incorporating them in public policy is a big challenge with the spread of SRI and requires novel institutional mechanisms. Experience with learning alliances, informal networks and policy dialogue that enable faster, interactive and more sustained innovation is shared. The paper suggests that future public-policy interventions in agriculture need to pro-actively shift from a techno-centric mindset to supporting these mechanisms that create a culture of innovation.


A House committee wants to know whether university scientists are misusing research funds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Last week, representatives Joe Barton (R-TX) and Ed Whitfield (R-KY) of the Committee on Energy and Commerce asked the inspector general of the Department of Health


For some time, many researchers have argued that the success of the next generation of research on the performance of immigrants in the labour market would be largely dependent on developing new databases. The conference organised by the CIQSS in October 2018 defined as its objective an examination of how far new databases are assisting in producing new research results and advancing the discussion of immigrants' performance in the labour market as well as of the economic impact of immigration. This research note examines the contributions to this conference and concludes that, thanks partly to recent longitudinal databases, new research does offer innovative findings on both the factors involved in integration and also the economic effects of immigration.


Polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) is attractive for many photonic applications because of its fast response time and large phase modulation. However, the voltage-on state light scattering caused by multi-domains of LC molecules hinders its applications in the visible and near infrared regions. To reduce domain sizes and eliminate scattering for λ=1.06 μm and 1.55 μm, we studied the effect of LC viscosity on domain sizes. PNLCs based on five different LC hosts were prepared. The LC host was first mixed with 6% reactive mesogen and then filled into a 12-μm cell with homogeneous alignment. After UV curing, we measured the on-state transmission spectra of these five PNLCs. By fitting the transmission spectra with Rayleigh-Gans-Debye model, we can estimate the average domain sizes. We found that the domain sizes of PNLC are inversely proportional to the rotational viscosity of the LC host. This finding can be explained by the Stokes-Einstein equation. As a result, PNLC with a slower diffusion rate would cause smaller domain sizes, which in turn lead to faster response time. To achieve a slower diffusion rate, we cured the PNLC samples at a lower temperature. By selecting a high viscosity and high Δε LC host, we demonstrate a scattering-free (<3%) 2π phase modulator at λ=1.06 μm and λ=1.55 μm. Temperature affects the PNLC performance significantly. As the operation temperature increases from 25oC to 70oC, the response time drops from 220 μs to 30 μs. 2π operating voltage for λ=1.06 μm slightly increases from 65V to 85V. Meanwhile, hysteresis decreases from 7.7% to 2%. For λ=1.55μm, operating voltage is 100V. If reflective mode is employed, operating voltage can be reduced to 55V.


This paper presents MAPER, a media-aware power efficient routing algorithm over mobile ad hoc networks. Generally, multimedia services need various quality of service over the network according to their characteristics and applications. But it is not easy to guarantee quality of service over mobile ad hoc networks since the resources are very limited and time-varying. Furthermore only a limited power is available at mobile nodes, which makes the problem more challenging. Now, we propose an effective routing algorithm over mobile ad hoc networks that provides the stable end-to-end quality of service with the minimum total power consumption. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.


In this paper, a new active gimbal simulator is developed for testing the attitude determination and control system of satellites. The active gimbal simulator is composed of a rolling joint, a pitching joint, a main support frame, an active yawing joint, and a fixture. The rolling joint enables the active gimbal simulator to be applied to the columnar satellite without the fixture. The contact forces between the rolling joint and the test satellite (or the fixture) can be regulated by the support of the pitching joint. The object attached to the active gimbal simulator is at neutral equilibrium and can maintain balance at an arbitrary attitude. Hence, the object can rotate freely without being affected by its gravity. The active gimbal simulator is an approximately free-to-free suspension or support method. Compared with the traditional gimbals, the active gimbal simulator can be applied to objects of arbitrary shape especially cylinders and the effect of exogenous mass and inertia introduced by the connection mechanism is reduced. The design parameters of the active gimbal simulator are optimized based on the force analysis. A specific prototype was made, and its feasibility was verified by laboratory-based experiments.


This thesis is divided into four chapters which are titled: low molecular weight nematics, x-ray diffraction, orientation of LCPs in a magnetic field, and processing of liquid crystal polymers. (DLC)


To the Editor: I am sure that all the facts, such as changes in educational standards, prestige, etc, are of importance ( 197 :985, 1966). However, as a country physician, I would like to bring out the following pertinent facts. Premedical education in general is satisfactory. With some reasonable postgraduate effort, the general practitioner is and remains well equipped for general practice, family counseling, and whatever may be expected from a family physician. The general practitioner usually has top prestige in his community, possibly exceeding that of the specialist. There has been lack of social, educational and religious facilities in some rural areas, but in this day and age of ever faster communications, distance and time have become less important. In your appraisal of the situation and in many others, I miss the question of dollars and cents. The pay for interns and residents in this socially conscious and


Abstract:Yngvar Lundh was instrumental in the development of some of Norway's earliest digital computers, having started his investigation of digital electronics in the 1950s. He continued his involvement with digital computers and digital communications for the next 40 years. A 10 April 2017 article about Lundh in the Norwegian online information and telecommunications newspaper digi.no quotes another pioneer of Norwegian computing, saying, "Yngvar Lundh is the most important person in Norwegian IT ever." The pioneering digital work at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment is the focus of Lundh's report here, particularly the hardware development activities and early involvement with internetworking.


By analyzing the present situation,opportunities and challenges of Shenzhen Pingshan new district adult higher education,this paper summarizes the development strategies of Shenzhen Radio and TV University Pingshan College,which takes the main tasks of adult higher education in this district,hoping to provide references to other sister colleges.


Abstract 3576 Poster Board III-513 Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-gal A). The inability to prevent the progression of galactosylsphingolipid deposition, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ), has a significant impact on quality of life and diminishes lifespan from early-onset strokes, progressive renal failure, and heart attacks. Previously, we have demonstrated that gene transfer into murine hematopoietic cells can correct the defect systemically in Fabry mice. The goal of the present study is to create a pure Fabry/NOD/SCID murine line to facilitate the in vivo assessment of human cell-targeted therapies against the disease. The pure line was generated by a "speed congenic" breeding program. The parental generation (F 0 ) was represented by a C3H + C57BL/6 Fabry female mouse (α-gal A −/− scid +/+ ) and a NOD/SCID male mouse (α-gal A +/0 scid −/− ). To generate the α-gal A -/+ scid −/− female mice (F 2 ), the double heterozygous female mice from F 1 were mated with NOD/SCID male mice. F 3 and all the subsequent generations (until F 11 ) were derived by backcrossing α-gal A -/+ scid −/− female mice with α-gal A +/0 scid −/− male mice. At this point, genome scanning analysis, fluorometric enzymatic assays, and HPLC assessment revealed that the F 11 purity was higher than 99%; α-gal A activity was reduced significantly in plasma and Gb 3 levels were increased considerably in heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lung, in comparison to NOD/SCID control mice. With the aim of obtaining the pure Fabry/NOD/SCID line, F 11 mice were crossed with each other (α-gal A -/+ scid −/− female mice with α-gal A -/0 scid −/− male mice) and then F 12 double homozygous female mice (α-gal A −/− scid −/− ) were crossed with F 12 hemizygous (α-gal A -/0 scid −/− ) male mice. For each generation, the genotype of offspring was analyzed by PCR and the absence of T and B cells was confirmed phenotypically by flow cytometry. Currently, this new xenograft model is being validated by using hematopoietic cell targets. To this end, normal human mobilized CD34 + cells were separately transduced with a control (eGFP lentivector) or a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding the human α-gal A and the human CD25 cell surface marker. 8×10 5 cells were injected intravenously into sub-lethally irradiated 8-week-old pure Fabry/NOD/SCID male mice. Injected cells were 25% positive for eGFP and 34% positive for human CD25 expression, respectively. Presence of human CD45 + cells, CD45 + /CD25 + cells, CD45 + /eGFP + cells and α-gal A activity will be regularly monitored on peripheral blood or plasma, respectively. Near future studies will include Gb 3 quantification in tissues at sacrifice and secondary recipient transplantation. As well, Fabry patient bone marrow cells are currently being collected under an approved protocol for testing in this model. In conclusion, this novel xenograft Fabry model is a key tool for developing different therapies for Fabry Disease and will help us to reduce the gap between the bench and the clinic. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Siberian ginseng [Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. ex. Maxim.) Maxim] is currently a popular medicinal plant in Eurasia and North America. It has been used by the Chinese for over 2000 years. Recently, imported products of this plant have become available in North America, with a market share of 3.1% of the medicinal herbal industry. Siberian ginseng is harvested from its natural habitat in Russia and northeast China. Overharvesting has resulted in this popular herb approaching endangered species status. Cultivation is the only way to avoid its extinction, and to ensure the correct identity. Siberian ginseng is not a true ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L. or P. ginseng C.A. Meyer), but it has its own bioactive ingredients with unique and proven medicinal values. However, standardization and quality control of the active ingredients in the marketed products, which are mainly imported from China, are needed to avoid mislabeling or adulteration with other herbs. S iberian ginseng grows in thickets, small groups, or clumps, at the borders of broadleaved and evergreen forests mainly in northeast China (Chen et al., 1997) and Russia. Its long, round, woody and pliable roots spread horizontally at a shallow depth and produce abundant suckers (Halstead and Hood, 1984). It has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries by the Chinese. It was listed in the Chinese "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" (The Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica) over 2000 years ago (Foster, 1991). The market demand for siberian ginseng has been steady over the years. Its products were listed No. 9 and 10 on the top ten bestselling list for health remedies in the United States in 1996 and 1997, with an estimated market share of 3.1% of the $12 billion medicinal herbal industry (Rawls, 1996; Richman and Witkowski, 1997; Yat et al., 1998). Imported products, usually in the form of capsules (400 to 500 mg), are available in the pharmacies and health food stores at the price tag between $5 to 8 per bottle of 100 capsules.


The htrB gene was discovered because its insertional inactivation interfered with Escherichia coli growth and viability at temperatures above 32.5°C, as a result of accumulation of phospholipids. The msbA gene was originally discovered because when cloned on a low‐copy‐number plasmid vector it was able to suppress the temperature‐sensitive growth phenotype of an htrB null mutant as well as the accumulation of phospholipids. The msbA gene product belongs to the superfamily of ABC transporters, a universally conserved family of proteins characterized by a highly conserved ATP‐binding domain. The msbA gene is essential for bacterial viability at all temperatures. In order to understand the physiological role of the MsbA protein, we mutated the ATP‐binding domain using random PCR mutagenesis. Six independent mutants were isolated and characterized. Four of these mutations resulted in single‐amino‐acid substitutions in non‐conserved residues and were able to support cell growth at 30°C but not at 43°C. The remaining two mutations behaved as recessive lethals, and resulted in single‐amino‐acid substitutions in Walker motif B, one of the two highly conserved regions of the ATP‐binding domain. Despite the fact that neither of these two mutant proteins can support E. coli growth, they both retained the ability to bind ATP in vitro. In addition, we present evidence to show that W‐acetyl [3H]‐glucosamine, a precursor of lipopolysaccharides, accumulates at the non‐permissive temperature in the inner membrane of either htrB null or msbA conditional lethal strains. Translocation of the precursor to the outer membrane is restored by transformation with a plasmid containing the wild‐type msbA gene. A possible role for MsbA


Water resources in a country such as South Africa constitute a very precious asset to be managed usefully. Water is one of the most important resources for human life used domestically and industrially, therefore, water scarcity can seriously affect the country's economy because manufacturing and industrial sectors are known to the biggest water consumers. Furthermore, water can be a key component in generating clean, renewable and environmentally friendly energy reducing sensibly the impact of environmental pollution. South Africa is not a waterrich country, despite its well performing and growing economy, water situation remains a concern. Being among the world driest countries, the country relies on rain water and rivers to harvest the necessary amount of water to face various challenges due to water scarcity. There is a necessity to manage adequately existing water resources and develop efficient technologies. In this regard, the current wastewater treatment infrastructure including the technology need to be upgraded to face high demand of water for use at industrial and domestic levels. An urgent need to develop innovative ways for efficient treatment of water resources in order to prevent a crisis in the next decade is required. Therefore, analyses from preliminary, physical, biological up to chemical treatment is important to model and design appropriate system and monitor them for an optimal efficiency. This analysis focuses on various aspects such as treatment methods for industrial and domestic wastewaters, the current water situation and state of water infrastructures in South Africa.


The sequence of FSHβ exon 2 of Guizhou Small Xiang goat was determined by single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and DNA fragments with SSCP were analyzed to provide the basic data for molecular markers related to its reproductive capacity.The results showed that there was gene polymorphism in its specificity amplification product,there was one polymorphism locus on 94bp.There are three genotypes(AA,AB and BB) because G on the locus is mutated into A,which changes the coded alanine into threonine.The A allele frequency is 62.3% while B allele frequency is 37.7%.


In surface scattering model applications a large variety of roughness conditions are encountered: some surfaces may be described with one roughness scale and others with more than one roughness scales; some surfaces are correlated exponentially, Gaussian-like or anywhere between the two. In this study we want to show two backscattering models in algebraic form: (1) a scattering model whose correlation function behaves like a Gaussian or an exponential function, and (2) a scattering model whose correlation function behaves like a Gaussian near the origin and nearly an exponential function at large lag distances. It is believed that most surface backscattering problems can be explained with one of the two models. Applications of these models to data interpretation are demonstrated.


C ameron University Library is using a video classroom for bibliographic instruction. The system is based on a Video Projection Sys tem which will project two kinds of video and three kinds of computer output onto a large screen. We use a standard VHS videocassette player, a Video Projection Camera, and a per sonal com puter to dem onstrate the Virginia Tech Library System (VTLS) online catalog, Infotrac, NewsBank, Wilsondisc, Silver Platter, and traditional reference sources such as ency clopedias and the serials list. Simply by push ing a button on a single remote control, we can switch from an item screen of the VTLS online catalog to a map of the library displayed on the Video Display Camera. We can simi larly switch from a CD-ROM index to the seri als list and back. Planned demonstrations can be used or students can submit their own search topics. Every semester w e offer approximately 150 instructional sessions with 8 to 35 students each. The personal computer is used to connect to the VTLS online catalog through the Local Area Network for live demonstrations. If stu dents are unfamiliar with computers, the key board can be displayed using the video dis play camera (for example, to show the location of function keys). This system can also be used for staff training in any area of computer use which requires use of the Local Area Network. The personal computer is also used to dem  onstrate CD-ROM applications. Automatic load ing routines are on the hard disk and each one is a menu option. Various CD-ROM indexes may be demonstrated by switching the discs in the CD-ROM drive and choosing the correct menu option. Data CD-ROMs such as the Eco nomic Censuses and 1990 Census data may also be demonstrated. This demonstration method is a great improvement on bringing classes out to the reference area and gathering around the terminal where only a few students are able to see and many w ander off. Reference books, the serials list, and even the com puter keyboard are demonstrated us ing the Video Display Camera. The camera looks like an overhead transparency projector with a camera at the top instead of mirrors, but it projects a video image through the projec tion system. It allows for a demonstration of traditional reference sources in the same way computer sources are demonstrated: with a live demonstration. Students watch as the reference book is opened on the screen, they can see the location of guide words, indexes, lists of peri odicals, etc., which are used in finding cita tions. The librarian can then move a lever to zoom in on the specific citation to explain its contents. Video display is flexible and enables stu dents to easily see maps, handouts, forms and tools. It is also possible to switch from the cam era image of a library map or handout to the computer for a demonstration of the tool just located on the map or explained in the hand out. This encourages students to add their own notes. New tools can be demonstrated with out making large num bers of handouts and tran sp aren c ies o f bo o k pages. Form s for interlibrary loan and microfilm photocopies may also be displayed, as can any other object which will fit under the camera, although focus be-


Contrary to expectations, 3-alkyl derivatives of 4-amino-5-aminomethyl-3H-1,2,3-triazole (2b and c), when heated with carbon disulphide and a base, did not give a 1,3,6,9-tetrahydro-8-azapurine-2-thione (3b) but a 3-alkyl-3,7-dihydro-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazine-5(4H)-thione, e.g. (5). This thione (5), the nucleus of which was hitherto unknown, could be methylated on the exocyclic sulphur atom to give the methylthio-derivative (6a), which was readily converted into the amino- and hydrazine-analogues (6b and c). The reaction mechanism that produced the thione (5) depends on the transfer of a 5-methylene group from a nitrogen to a sulphur atom, apparently involving triazol-5-lmethyldithiocarbamate intermediates [(4)→(8)]. Two sulphide by-products (9) and (11) were isolated which had also undergone this very unusual N → S shift. 1H N.m.r., i.r., and mass spectrometric data are presented and discussed.


A new quantitative analytic method for determination of mercury in cell by hydrogenation combined with atomic fluorescent spectrometry has been developed.The recovery of the method is 97 3%-102 0%,and RSD is 4 2%,and the method can be applied to determine the content of mercury in cells.


Background: Hereditary thrombophilia (HT) increase the risk of thromboembolic events in pregnant women. Moreover, there are data supporting the association of HT with preeclampsia (PE), fetal growt...


Number-speech superstition is a social phenomenon that people worship or avoid as a taboo some speeches or numbers through psychological association,hints or strained interpretation without any scientific basis. The paper analyses by comparison the sameness,differences and formative causes of number-speech superstition between Han nationality and other Chinese nationalities and between China and other countries,summarizes the features of number-speech superstition of Han nationality,and explains its rhetorical value in communication,especially its marketing value in cross-cultural communication.The author thinks that Chinese number-speech superstition differs from foreign number-speech superstitions in odd and even numbers and specific numbers as well as in meanings and fields applied.The Chinese number superstition is mostly homophonic digital combination superstition.Number-speech superstition is of important marketing value.


Evaporative systems for cooling livestock buildings have been developed to provide the desired conditions during the hot season. The fog system is based on spraying the water as small drops (in the fog range, 2-60 µm in diameter) in order to increase the water surface in contact with the air. The free-fall velocity of the drops is slow and the drops are easily carried by the air streams inside the building. These results in a high efficiency of water evaporation combined with keeping the animals and area dry. In the light of these considerations, the following scheme is recommended comprising: roof vents, high volume low speed circulation fans, side vents or fans in all walls and nozzles distributed at the height of the building. The air that enters the building through the roof openings, circulated and carries the water drops with it, and the water evaporates within the flow. As a result, the air is cooled (by water evaporation), both on its entry into the building and in the course of its passage among the animals, and absorbs excess heat.


Semarang city has golden triangle corridor as a commercial corridor in the present day. But, in the past, the city had three corridors (bigger than now). There were Bodjong street (now known as Pemuda street, part of Groote Postweg 1809-1811),  Mataram  street (now Mt. Haryono road - the road that connects the old Semarang port to the Mataram kingdom in inland Java) and Veteran road (the road linking the western side of the city to the street Mataram, to avoid the downtown area which was a swamp area). There were traditional markets in each part of the node of triangle corridors (Johar, Randu Sari and Peterongan ) that still exist until now. This study aims to reveal the organization of city structure at that time. By using the historical method and a naturalistic approach were found that the formation of triangle corridor has a function as economic lingkage and economics place, connecting and attracting each other. In the city development,  these markets become magnet and strategic node as  a place for economic activity. It was formed by the existence of  markets, functioning as the magnet for circulations dan be a place for the community. The existence of traditional villages along the corridors which have toponyms based on community economic activity at that time, became evident that the economic linkage has been formed in the past. This phenomenon has become a new knowledge that can be applied to the government for creating the concept of a city walk/ shopping belt corridor based on local wisdom of the urban planning in the past. Recommendations of this study is to preserve and develop the urban design in the past, so it can be utilized in the present situation.


According to the requirements the course of medical imaging radioprotection was developed through compiling a new textbook and reforming teaching methods, making course plan, implementing and evaluating. " One aim and two follows" was set up. The traditional teaching methods were replaced by using three stages and three cycle feedback research. The teaching feature and innovating purpose were established on the basis of course research. In special field the course construction was promoted and developed by self - assessment, prompt summary and teaching method innovation.


The Power Purchase Arrangements (PPAs) were one of the significant mechanisms of Alberta's deregulation of the electricity generation sector. This paper argues that the PPAs represent an attempt to mirror by contractual means some of the purpose and effects of the pre-restructuring regulatory scheme. After introducing the background of electric industry regulation in Alberta, this paper discusses the motivations for deregulation. It then reviews electricity deregulation in an international context, looking at the United States and the European Union, to provide a global context for the discussion of Alberta's deregulation experience. Then, after a description of the progression of Alberta's deregulation, the paper explains the method by which Alberta effected the PPAs and offers a perspective on how they are intended to be 'regulation by any other name', in particular looking at the force majeure and change in law clauses and understanding the effects of the dispute resolution provision. Finally, the success of this attempt to echo the regulatory scheme is analysed, and its impact on industry players and the public is reviewed.


The meteoric rise of Information Technology Systems (ITS) has made humanity depended on technology. Many hospitals information systems are lacking behind and reaching their end of life (EOF) support. In today's technology advancement, it is expected that such development increases the care for patients while maintaining the quality and the safety of all stakeholders. In some countries, the hospitals experience budget constraints when they depend on the government agency to process the patients' payments Kornai (1979; 1986). This particular situation unable the hospitals to stick to the forecasted budget Maskin (1996). The author proposes a faster and a cost effective method of delivery of the medical imagery to the physicians.


The effects of mechanical tensile and compressive stress on dual‐gate amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) on a flexible substrate were investigated. Both the tensile and compressive stresses led to increases in free electrons and deep states in a‐IGZO. Strong tensile stress tends to form more deep defects than compressive stress, resulting in severe deterioration in performance. Small compressive stress seems to repair defects in the relatively poor quality etch‐stop layer (ESL), resulting in increased mobility in the top‐gate‐controlled performance.


The utility model relates to a flywheel elastic coupler for a gear hobbing machine, which is composed of a power shaft, a flat key, nuts, a washer, a half coupler, a spring washer, an elastic sleeve, an elastic pin, a flywheel half coupler, screws, a lock ring at the end of the shaft, etc. The utility model enables the flywheel and the elastic coupler to be combined into a whole, can simplify the structure, reduce the manufacturing cost and raise price ratio.


1 Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesiology, Chettinad hospital and Research Institute Kelambakkam 2 Consultant Anaesthesiologist, Chennai Urology and Robotics Institute, Chennai Abstract Robotic assisted radical prostatectomy is an emerging technique for the management of prostate carcinoma. The surgery requires steep trendelenburg position for a prolonged time and associated with wide range of physiological changes. Aim of this case report is to brief on thorough considerations of the risks, pre-operative preparation, intra-operative monitoring and post-operative follow-up which are necessary for the successful outcome of the robotic assisted surgeries.


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of retention enema with Huanghu decoction in the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis. Methods: A total of 169 infants with infantile rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into treatment group( n = 86) and control group( n = 83). In addition to conventional Western medicine treatment,the treatment group was given retention enema with Huanghu decoction,while the control group was given retention enema with Smecta. Both groups underwent therapy for one course of treatment( three days),and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed. Results: The treatment group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group( 95. 35% vs 87. 95%,P 0. 05). Conclusion: The retention enema with Huanghu decoction is superior to that with Western medicine in the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis.


China's current accounting standards embody the application of comprehensive income through introducing the concept of gains and losses and increasing the statement of changes in owner's equity.The provisions of China's current accounting standards have basically met the conditions for comprehensive income confirmation,but there are still some things to be improved,such as clearly defining the concept of comprehensive income,changing the status of gains and losses,and clarifying the confirmation standards of unconsummated profits and losses.


Although UCON makes a unified framework for research on modern access control, it is not applicable enough due to fact that it only gives out a conceptual model. In this paper, analysis and extension have been made on UCON, role and task factors are introduced to it and combined with the conception of domain, an UCON extension model—UCONTR model, which is applicable to industrial control, is proposed. Its formalized description is given in the next step. Finally, the application of UCONTR on distributed control system for heat treatment is introduced in detail.


A light emitting diode (10) comprising a body (21) and a thermal via (30) integral therewith and which extends from the body (21).


The research demonstrates three main findings: (i) worldwide, power-sharing constitutions combining PR and federalism remain relatively rare (only 13 out of 191 states); (ii) federalism was found to be unrelated to any of the indicators of good governance under comparison; and (iii) PR electoral systems, however, were positively related to some indicators of good governance, both worldwide and in multiethnic states. This provides strictly limited support for the larger claims made by consociational theory. Nevertheless, the implications for policymakers suggest that investing in basic human development is a consistently more reliable route to achieve stable democracy and good governance than constitutional design alone.


Objective  The cause of posterior pituitary ectopia (PPE) with anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies is unknown. This disease is usually considered sporadic. The objective of this study was to improve the phenotypic characterization of children with PPE and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) to seek insight into the mechanisms underlying abnormal pituitary‐gland development.


The clustering is an important part of the scientific data mining.Among the various algorithms a main class is based on the "distance".The "K-means" and "k-medoids" are two of these kinds.However these algorithms are inefficient when dealing with the large data sets and data sets of high-dimension.This algorithm differs much from the above ones and it takes a totally different approach called a grid and density based algorithm.It can automatically find out the subspaces containing interesting patterns and discover all clusters in that subspace and it performs well when dealing with the high-dimensional data.


Especially during the second half of the last century investments in water for agriculture have made a relevant contribution towards sustainability by promoting decent livelihoods, increasing food security and reducing poverty. From 1940s food production started to outpace population growth, with an average annual crop production growth of 2.0-2.1% over the period 1969–1999 [1]. Higher yields have been partially achieved due to the expansion of irrigated areas and improvements in water management on irrigated lands [2].


The present invention, in the guest molecule within the gap formed at the formation temperature and pressure conditions in the hydrate, the guest molecules injected into the liquid particles smaller than the gap formed and dispersed in water, the emulsion obtained, so that the guest molecule uniformly dispersed into a gap formation, a method of generating a gas hydrate.


Prosocial behaviours and their correlates have been extensively studied; however, few studies have examined the linkage between self-disclosure and prosocial behaviours. Three studies were conducted aimed at examining the relationship between self-disclosure and prosocial tendencies, as well as the moderating role of feedback from the help provider's perspective. We hypothesized that participants' self-disclosure was positively associated with his/her prosocial tendencies and that this association would be moderated by feedback received. The results generally support our hypotheses, and reveal that participants with higher levels of self-disclosure tend to exhibit more prosocial tendencies (Studies 1 and 2), but this association was only true for those participants that received self-disclosure feedback (Study 3). The present study suggests that, other than self-disclosure, reciprocal feedback also plays an important role in promoting prosocial behaviours.


olol on mortality in patients who had survived an acute myocardial infarction. The design of the trial, primary findings and the procedures used for ambulatory electrocardiography and end point definitionhavebeen publishedearlier.b014L617 Thirty-eighthundred and thirty-seven patients with definite acute myocardial infarction diagnosed by predetermined criteria (specified changes in cardiac enzymes and the ECC as well as typical symptoms) were enrolled by 134 hospitalsin 31 clinical centers. Patientswith a history of severe congestive heart failure, marked bradycardia, life-threaten ing illnesses other than coronary artery disease, those who had bronchial asthma as adults, those who had or were likely to have aortocoronary bypass surgery and patients who were taking or were likely to take beta blockers were excluded. Of the 3,837 patients who were randomized (1,916 to receive


This paper examines the correlation between organizational culture, psychological contract and job satisfaction in the context of cooperation between employers and employees in a new social and economical environment. The empirical study is based on the analysis of the personnel survey data from thirteen St. Petersburg and Moscow companies. The typology of organizational cultures was evaluated using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) methodology by K. Cameron and R. Quinn (2003). Job satisfaction was evaluated using A. Meier's questionnaire modified for our purposes. The research shows that organizations with different types of organizational culture differ in the level of job satisfaction of employees. According to our data, market culture mainly creates the conditions for the satisfaction of self-affirmation needs; hierarchic culture, for the satisfaction of cooperation and safety needs; clan culture, for the satisfaction of respect needs; adhocratic culture, for the satisfaction of self-actualization needs.


ABSTRACT Let {Xn; n ⩾ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. The sample range is . In this paper, we derive, under some mild assumptions, an almost sure local central limit theorem for sample range.


This paper introduces a structural definition of fuzzy set into NN's pattern classification system and gives the clear description of the boundary of pattern classification. When the system information is imperfect, it can get more reasonable boundary of classes and improve its precision. The above-mentioned turns out to be right in the practices.


Although most scholars identify Wolf's (1978) seminal article as describing the origins of social validity, a more careful analysis reveals earlier precursors. An inductive process of research began in 1967 that culminated in a set of goals and procedures that defined the concept of social validity (Fixsen, 2019). This process began when Wolf and his doctoral students established The Achievement Place Model in Lawrence, Kansas, which was a group home for six teenagers who were referred from the juvenile justice system. Lonnie and Elaine Phillips were the first "teaching home" parents and served a dual role as teachers and surrogate parents. Wolf and his students—Lonnie was one of his students—adopted single-case research methods as a mechanism to systematically address questions that arose during the daily treatment of the six youths. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many interventions being evaluated focused on problem behavior because the individuals who were the focus of the interventions resided in restrictive environments that often occasioned problem behavior. Many of these interventions harbored an aversive component leveraging the principle of punishment and produced the goal of behavior reduction. Wolf and his students questioned the ethics, as well as the efficacy, of these interventions. Their response, as reflected in a prolific program of research, was to relinquish some level of control to allow the youths "to make decisions about their own lives and those of their peers" (Fixsen, 2019, p. 2) that resulted in a form of self-government. As part of this self-government component, the youths' opinions and ratings were sought to evaluate how they were being treated (i.e., consequences for rule compliance and infractions) and whether they liked the teaching-parents and found them to be fair, consistent, and humorous. As an aside, these evaluations led to a provocative and fundamental quest to understand the concept of relationship or how well the teaching-parents related to the youths (Kirigin, Braukmann, Atwater, & Wolf, 1976). In addition to asking the youths for their feedback, Wolf and his students explored systematically the opinions of other consumers, relevant in the lives of the youths—parents, teachers, court personnel, police officers—to determine the social validity of the Achievement Place goals, methods, and outcomes. This now familiar concept was chronicled and documented in an extensive program of research lasting more than a decade. Although the concept of social validity was pioneered more than 40 years ago and identified as a quality indicator for single case research almost 15 years ago (Horner et al., 2005), the practice of social validity has not yet delivered on its promise. Too often investigators either omit it from their studies (Snodgrass, Chung, Meadan, & Halle, 2018) or they assess it in such a routine manner that its yield rarely informs the field about how to move forward. My goal in writing this brief piece is to critique two features of social validity and to recommend options to address them. My hope is to motivate researchers in early childhood special education to delve more deeply into the social validity of their investigations. In a recent manuscript submission to a journal for which I am a reviewer, the authors conducted an intervention study in which an investigator taught peers strategies for interacting with their fellow students who had severe disabilities. They conducted the typical, almost formulaic, social validity assessment by asking consumers (i.e., the students with disabilities, the peer partners who interacted with the students, and school staff) whether they liked spending time with each other, whether they enjoyed participating in the study, and whether the staff would continue using the intervention? The responses reflected their strong satisfaction with the intervention and the outcomes. However, before unquestionably accepting these results, as skeptical evaluators, we need to understand the context in which these data were gathered. Consumers' verbal responses are subject to distortion (Skinner, 1953) due to conditions in which they are gathered (e.g., pleasing the investigator, positive bias due to having participated in the study). This does not imply that all social validity assessments are biased; however, it ought to motivate us to reduce as much as possible potential sources of bias. Please refer to Barton, Meadan-Kaplansky, and Ledford (2018) for a detailed discussion of recommendations. To improve the objectivity of the social validity assessment in the research study mentioned in the previous paragraph, an investigator might recruit experts or relevant consumers who were not involved in the study to view randomly selected video clips drawn from baseline and intervention sessions and presented in random sequence. Without knowing which clips were drawn from baseline and intervention, consumers would be asked to rate each one on a global measure of student/peer interaction to determine whether their ratings reflect differences that distinguish baseline from intervention clips. Wolf and his collaborators often conducted this type of social validity evaluation in the 1970s. Admittedly, this would be at some 873525 TECXXX10.1177/0271121419873525Topics in Early Childhood Special EducationEditorial editorial2019


[1] We retrieve three-dimensional structures of isotropic and anisotropic velocities of P-waves of the Tohoku district from first P-arrival time data, assuming azimuthal anisotropy to be caused by hexagonal symmetry axes distributed horizontally in the Earth. The results show that the high-velocity Pacific slab is clearly imaged in the isotropic velocity structure, even though the azimuthal anisotropy is taken into account. In addition, small-scale low-velocity regions and prominent low-velocity anomalies are found just below the active volcanoes and in the mantle wedge above the high-velocity Pacific slab, respectively. The fast propagation axis of P-waves is in mostly E-W direction in the upper crust, nearly N-S and E-W directions in the lower crust, E-W direction in the mantle wedge, and N-S direction in the descending Pacific slab. These features of the P-wave anisotropy structure are consistent with those of lateral variations of the fast polarization directions measured previously by shear-wave splitting observations. The plausible factor that causes the crust anisotropy is interpreted as being alignment or preferred orientation of microcracks and crust minerals. The mantle wedge anisotropy is attributed to lattice preferred orientation of the mantle minerals arising from present-day mantle process such as the mantle wedge convection and the plate motion. However, the fast propagation axis of P-waves in the slab is almost perpendicular to the magnetic lineation of the oceanic plate under the northwest Pacific, and thus the slab preserves the original anisotropic property that the Pacific plate gained when it formed.


In this article, we revisit classical length identities enjoyed by simple closed curves on hyperbolic surfaces. We state and prove rigidity of such identities over Teichm\"uller spaces. Due to this rigidity, simple closed curves with few intersections are characterised on generic hyperbolic surfaces by their lengths. As an application, we construct a meagre set $V$ in the Teichm\"uller space of a topological surface $S$, possibly of infinite type. Then the isometry class of a (Nielsen-convex) hyperbolic structure on $S$ outside $V$ is characterised by its unmarked simple length spectrum. Namely, we show that the simple length spectra can be used as moduli for generic hyperbolic surfaces. In the case of compact surfaces, an analogous result using length spectra was obtained by Wolpert.


As a special type of commodity,trademark has penetrated into every aspect of public life,It contains rich cultural connotations.This paper expoundson these connotations from five aspects:esthetics,psychology,linguistics,folklore and literature.


decision-making were modest. Clinicians' perceptions of quality of medical care were explained in a less effective manner due to the severely constrained resources allocated to the providers. This pioneering effort in the Balkans exposes the inefficiency of current policies to expand clinicians' cost consciousness.


An organ culture model of four bovine anterior cruciate ligaments was used to compare synovial fluid with bovine serum, lactated Ringer's solution, and Basal Medium Eagle's (BME) to determine their relative abilities to support in vitro conversion of proline into hydroxyproline. There was no difference between serum and synovial fluid in their ability to support collagen synthesis. These results suggest that bovine synovial fluid is not inhibitory in that it is similar to bovine serum in supporting ligament collagen synthesis under the conditions described.


Abstract The article examines the correspondence between the notion of non-territorial autonomy for ethnic groups (NTA) and its empirical referents and seeks to evaluate the expediency of employing the concept as a descriptive term. The concept applies primarily for normative purposes and as such has lost clarity. The author discusses the ways of overcoming conceptual inflation. Working definitions not duplicating other concepts are possible, but they relate to a marginal and heterogeneous phenomenon and turn out to be optional. The author suggests that NTA shall be regarded as a practical rather than analytical category and studied as discursive and performative exercises.


Lu Zuofu is a pure-hearted person of saving nation by education in early years,he had dedicated in popularizing new education and new culture through taking the professions of teacher and journalist.From 1921 to early 1925,Lu Zuofu had carried out two experiments of new education reform in southwest of China,which all produced much influence but came to end because of constant fighting among warlords.Though his early educational activities hadn't achieved the dream of saving nation by education,they launched the first signs of mass education in southwest region and cumulated important experiences for educational activities later.


We propose a hybrid control algorithm that guarantees fast convergence and uniform global asymptotic stability of the unique minimizer of a continuously differentiable, convex objective function. The algorithm, developed using hybrid system tools, employs a uniting control strategy, in which Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent is used"globally"and the heavy ball method is used"locally,"relative to the minimizer. Without knowledge of its location, the proposed hybrid control strategy switches between these accelerated methods to ensure convergence to the minimizer without oscillations, with a (hybrid) convergence rate that preserves the convergence rates of the individual optimization algorithms. We analyze key properties of the resulting closed-loop system including existence of solutions, uniform global asymptotic stability, and convergence rate. Additionally, stability properties of Nesterov's method are analyzed, and extensions on convergence rate results in the existing literature are presented. Numerical results validate the findings and demonstrate the robustness of the uniting algorithm.


Teaching effectiveness has become one of the most controversial issues in higher education, as pressures of student riots in the 1960's were followed by financial pressures from legislatures and donors. Thus a review of substantive knowledge about effective college teaching is timely. This review updates earlier efforts (McKeachie, 1963, 1970), and emphasizes insights gained since. When we think of teacher effectiveness, we almost inevitably think of the classroom and the teaching methods used by the teacher. Even though only a minority of the college teacher's working hours are spent in the classroom, it is classroom teaching that is the focus of efforts to evaluate and improve teaching effectiveness. Such a focus misses the importance of the instructor's hours spent in planning, counseling, tutoring, and encouraging students, and in meetings devoted to determining educational issues. Nevertheless, the classroom is the chief arena of instructor-student interaction. What goes on in classrooms is important in determining the learning experiences of students. Students can learn without teachers, but the teacher and his methods are rightfully perceived by students as crucial elements in determining their learning. In this chapter we deal with major instructional methods, with student characteristics affecting instructional effectiveness, and with microinstructional variables affecting the learning of a single lesson.


Ordered aromatic polyamides and copolyamides were prepared by the polycondensation of terephthaloyl and isophthaloyl dichlorides with symmetrical diamines containing preformed amide linkages derived from unsymmetrical methyl—substituted aromatic diamines at low temperature. Thermal properties and solubilities of the ordered polyamides were compared with those of the corresponding random polyamides. There was little difference between thermal stabilities of the ordered polyamide and the corresponding random one, while the former was less soluble in organic solvents than the latter, depending on the extent of hydrogen bonding of the amide groups. The thermal stability of the alternating copolyamides containing both terephthaloyl and isophthaloyl groups as acid components was less than that of the corresponding homopolymers having either a terephthaloyl or an isophthaloyl group, and the solubility of the former resembled that of the corresponding ordered homopolysiophthalamides in accord with the extent of hydrogen bonding of the amide groups in both polymers.


In a deep and very strong stratified lakes, the species composition of phytoplankton is closely related to environmental conditions changing with season. Many species of phytoplankton can tolerate changeable conditions by physiological adaptations and a specific type of growth strategy of life. Blooms of cyanobacteria of the order Planktothrix, especially Planktothrix agardhii (Van Goor) Anagn. et Kom., in deep lakes are often observed, while Planktothrix rubescens (D.C. ex Gom.) Anagn. et Kom. is mainly characteristic to deep lakes from the mountains area. Lake Holzmaar, in which blooms of P. rubescens in the metalimnion during summer were studied (Messyasz et al. 2003), is characterised by intense development of small phytoplankton cells in the layer of 0 – 5 m depth. Cyanobacteria were the dominating group in the lake but in the epilimnion green algae were very abundant in the summer months. The aim of this work was to compare species which differ in type of growth strategy of life among them. Small green algae Desmodesmus grahneisii (Heynig) Fott, D. brasiliensis (Bohl.) Hegew. and D. serratus (Corda) An. Friedl & Hegew. which represent the r type of growth strategy of life (fast reproducing) were compared with algae of the K type growth strategy, preferring the stability of water like Pandorina morum (O.F. Müll.) Bory. Planktothrix rubescens forming stable density peaks in the metalimnion layer during summer in deep, mesotrophic lakes is classified according to Reynolds (1996) in the R functional group of phytoplankton.


The portrayal of nationalism in the context of establishing reconciliation, justice, and peace in the conflicting zone of Afghanistan has been stereotypical in mainstream literature, often referring to radical religious beliefs as the source of violence and inherent instability in the region. Of late, critics have been resounding the problematics of conflicts in various dimensions, like economic, cultural, social, religious, and so on, to focus upon the probabilities of reconciliation, justice, and peace, which are the basics of a desirable human civilization. While nuclear weapons and postmodern dissatisfaction are leading the entire civilization onto the brink of complete annihilation, the worst crimes are being witnessed in many disputed territories, making these regions' geopolitical standings prone to renewed discovery. The literature of recent times, dialoguing their discourses, opens up fascinating facades to explore. The present study intends to show how Nadeem Aslam's The Wasted Vigil provides a critical understanding of the contested notion of Afghan nationalism in its multidimensional fledglings.


A novel bis (dmit) complex of copper (II), [(C3H7)4N]2[Cu(dmit)2] (1), where dmit is 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate, was prepared and structurally characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The copper (II) atom is tetracoordinated by four dmit S atoms, forming a nearly square planar arrangement. The [Cu(dmit)2]2‐ anions and the [(C3H7)4N]+ counter‐cations form a three‐dimensional solid‐state structure by C–H…S hydrogen bonds. The third‐order nonlinear optical properties of the complex were determined by picosecond Z‐scan technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The results indicate the compound exhibits reverse saturation absorption and self‐defocusing performance. The molecular second‐order hyperpolarizability γ is calculated to be as high as (1.8±0.2)×10‐30 esu. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Dielectric elastomer (DE) has emerged as one of promising electro-active polymers for diverse applications, ranging from soft actuators, sensors, resonators, and energy generators. The most commonly used DE material is the acrylic elastomer, which is known to be dissipative when subject to either mechanical or electrical loadings. We focus on the nonlinear behaviors of  DE when oscillatory loading is applied. We firstly revisit the nonlinear oscillation of a dissipative DE balloon. We show that accounting for dissipation can obtain periodic vibration, while a balloon without damping can mostly exhibit quasi-periodic vibration. We then adopt a shooting technique in together with an arc-length continuation scheme to trace the whole branch of frequency curve. The bifurcation point and the jump phenomena can be captured by collective use of the above strategies. Finally, we program a user-material (UMAT) subroutine in ABAQUS, which can model the dynamic viscoelastic response of DE actuators. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capability of UMAT code.


Abstract: The effects of the naturally occurring polyamines spermine and spermidine on phosphorylation promoted by cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐dependent protein kinase (PK) (cAMP‐PK; EC 18.104.22.168) were studied using the brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Four particulate‐associated peptides (280, 34, 21, and 19 kilodaltons) in day 1 pupal brains are endogenous substrates for a particulate type II cAMP‐PK. These phosphoproteins are present in brain synaptosomal, as well as microsomal, particulate fractions but are not present in the cytosol. They are distributed throughout the CNS and PNS and are present in several nonneuronal tissues as well. Phosphorylation of these proteins via cAMP‐PK was inhibited markedly by micromolar concentrations of spermine and spermidine. Other particulate‐associated peptides phosphorylated via a Ca2+/calmodulin‐PK or Ca2+ and cAMP‐independent PKs were unaffected by polyamines, whereas the phosphorylation of a 260–kilodalton peptide was markedly enhanced. Spermine did not exert its inhibitory effect indirectly by enhancement of cAMP or ATP hydrolysis or via proteolysis, but its action appears to involve a substrate‐directed inhibition of cAMP‐PK‐promoted phosphorylation as well as enhanced dephosphorylation. Although addition of spermine resulted in marked ribosome aggregation in synaptosomal and microsomal particulate fractions, this phenomenon was not involved in the inhibition of cAMP‐PK‐promoted phosphorylation.