From his own conscientious consideration of problems raised by the development of atomic energy Dr. T efler recommends two courses of action to his colleagues. Dr. Teller came to the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago in 1942, later went to Los Alamos, and is now Professor of Physics and member of the Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago.


This paper investigates advanced piezoelectric-on-insulator (POI) substrates elaborated using the Smart Cut™ technology to transfer a thin, high uniformity, single-crystal LiTaO3 layer on top of a silicon handle wafer. These POI substrates enable the development of high quality surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Single-port test resonator have been built on such wafers, reaching Bode Q in excess of 1700 and coupling factors above 8 %, as the result of guided mode propagation. Resonance frequency dispersion was measured as low as 0.64 %. The thin layer stack also improves TCF down to 5.8 ppm/°C compared with conventional bulk LiTaO3 technology and can be further reduced at desired frequencies by optimizing the multi-layer stack thicknesses.


ABSTRACT: Double prolapse of bowel loops through the umbilicus is a rare complication of patent vitello intestinal duct and it has a typical clinical presentation. A similar presentation was seen in a baby who had developed this complication in a sigmoid colon fistula within a few days after birth. Possibly the fistula was iatrogenic, which occured due to umbilical cord ligature with inadvertant inclusion of an occult omphalocele containing the involved gut as its content.


The invention relates to crushing and grinding machinery and is designed for use in health care facilities for the destruction of the ampoules out of drugs and hard drugs. The apparatus comprises a loading chamber disposed therein and pestle grinding container which is provided with a cylindrical rotor with longitudinal projections on the rotating shaft of the motor, and a window with a pipe for evacuation of cullet. The device reduces the time to dispose of vials.


Abstract Ages of eleven volcanoes in the Cape Hoskins area are based on potassium-argon determinations on lava samples, on carbon-14 dates of charcoal from buried soil horizons, on relationships of the volcanoes to one another, and on comparison of the erosional states of the volcanoes with one another and with Hydrographers volcano, east Papua. The three oldest volcanoes, Ko, Husa, and Kapberg, are in a residual erosional stage and are probably similar in age. Ko was active about 900 000-800 000 years ago. Except for the active Pago volcano, the other volcanoes are in the planeze erosional stage. Of these Busui is overlapped by Oto, dated at about 190 000 years, and Mululus, dated at about 100 000 to 70 000 years, is overlapped by Mataleloch. Lolo, a little eroded cone that may be very late Pleistocene or Holocene, is overlapped by Witori, which has a central caldera formed about 2600 years ago. Pago, inside this caldera, last erupted in 1914-18 and may have begun its activity less than 350 years ago. Th...


This paper shows non-contact water level monitoring system implemented using LabVIEW and arduino. Water depth of the tank is measured by Ultrasonic sensor. Hence the water level present in the tank is known. Depending on the sensor reading LabVIEW program sends the data to arduino and through arduino board the pump is switched ON if the water level in the upper tank is low and pump is switched OFF if the water level is completely filled in the upper tank. The input to arduino board is from ultrasonic sensor. Arduino read the height and reports the water depth of the tank and the same is displayed in LabVIEW front panel. Advantage of this over other existing automatic system is it provides non-contact water level measurement using ultrasonic sensor, but existing automatic system using ss(stainless steel) sensor which is a contact type water level sensor and also these sensors quickly corroded by some chemicals. The same is present in LabVIEW using the graphical user interface for visualization, LabVIEW communicate with add on devices like arduino, ultrasonic sensor, pump through makerhub.


Lineament analysis, made through the observation of remote sensing data, is encountered various bias effects. In this paper, the bias effects are analyzed firstly by grouping the process of lineament extraction into three stages, that is; ground based effects (A-factor), image based effects (B-factor), and human effects (C-factor) . These effects change the size distribution of lineaments. The distribution of the extracted lineaments can be formulated in the following equation.n4(L)≅c'×L- (D+1) ×∫Llmin1/√2πσl×exp[-(log l-μ)2/2σ2]dlwhere n4 (L) is the frequency of extracted lineaments with lengthL.lis the recognizable length of a lineament whose actual length isL. Dis the fractal dimension.c', σand μ are constants.


Abstract : The Systematic Track Reconstruction (STR) computer program was prepared as a part of the Fleet ASW Data Analysis Program (FADAP). It provides a means for resolving navigational conflicts which can arise from inconsistent data. Each unit involved in an ASW exercise records its position on a Dead Reckoning Trace (DRT) and also its contacts with other ships. In the past, navigational conflicts have been resolved by 'eyeballing' the set of ship tracks. The report describes a mathematically consistent method for obtaining the most probable estimate of actual positions from these conflicting records. Physically, the mathematics correspond to sliding the DRTs with respect to one another, rotating them, and stretching them so that a statistical compromise is obtained from the conflicting reports of ship position. As a compromise, therefore, reconstruction tracks may differ from actual ship movements. The computer program determines a confidence level for each reconstructed track which is a measure of the probability that the actual course differs from the reconstructed track. (Author)


ABSTRACT Perceptions of incarcerated American Indian youth were examined to give voice to their school experiences prior to adjudication. The purpose of the study was to examine what schools can do to help young American Indian students to avoid involvement in crime. Participants from fourteen states (N = 136) provided information related to their overall school experiences, interactions with school personnel and other aspects of their schooling. Additionally, respondents discussed how schools might be improved to better meet their needs and what supports were needed for a successful return to the community. Career plans and demographic information were also collected. Two critical themes emerged from the data: (1) the absence of attention to tribal culture and its impact on self; and (2) the impact of a persistent lack of a caring adult in many students' lives. INTRODUCTION In the United States today, it is 15 times more likely an American youth will be killed violently as opposed to a youth in Northern Ireland, one of the most notoriously violent societies in the world (Gabardine, 1993). Americans have reacted to this quandary of violence by turning to political and judicial processes to deal with a youthful generation steeped in unprecedented criminal activity and a culture of violence. Legislatures have responded to the problem of youth violence by passing numerous measures in juvenile criminal law designed to curtail the lawlessness of our youth. "Since 1992, legislative activity has produced revisions to laws covering juvenile crime in more than 90% of the States" (Torbet, Gable, Hurst, Montgomery, Saymanski, & Thomas, 1996, p. 5). The tremendous increase in crime by youthful offenders has led to overcrowded conditions in juvenile holding facilities. Five years ago, 70,000 juveniles were in residential custody across the United States with 96% of these young people having committed crimes that would have led to prosecution in adult court had the youth been an adult (Office of juvenile justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1997). Youths being held in local adult jails rose 20% from 1994 to 1995. Nearly 80% of those youths less than 18 years old were being held as adults in jail (Sickmund, Snyder, & Poe-Yamagata, 1997). American Indians have not escaped the national trend in juvenile crime. In fact, the average annual rate of violent victimizations among all American Indians (including Native Alaskans and Aleuts) was 124 per 1,000 versus 49 per 1,000 for whites (Federal Probation, 1999). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics report, "American Indians are the victims of violent crimes at more than twice the rate of all United States residents" (Federal Probation, 1999, p. 88). The research presented here strives to go beyond the statistics and political rhetoric of American Indian juvenile crime and seek out the individual stories from juvenile detention centers across the United States. The foundational belief for our research can be summed up in the words of a 1 7-year old: If you had a problem in the Black community, and you brought together a group of white people to discuss how to solve it, almost nobody would take that panel seriously. In fact, there'd be a public outcry. It would be the same thing for women's issues or gay issues. Can you imagine a bunch of men sitting on the Mayor's Advisory Committee on Women? But every day, in local arenas all the way to the White House, adults sit around and decide what problems youth have and what youth need, without ever consulting us. (American Youth Policy Forum, 2000, p. 22) This research is an attempt to give American Indian youth an opportunity to speak out about a crucial element of their lives before entering incarceration - school. We will critically examine this important question: Can schools make an impact in juvenile crime prevention or are schools missing an opportunity to impact the lives of the students in a way that might lead significant numbers away from being part of the enormous increase in American Indian juvenile crime statistics? …


Through monitoring the key parts of the packing machine,measuring the stress,shaping,crack of the dangerous parts,we can calculate the strength of the component,and estimate the remaining life of the component.


The purpose of this work is to perform a statistical analysis of the location of compact groups in the Universe from observational and semi-analytical points of view. We used the velocity-filtered compact group sample extracted from the Two Micron All Sky Survey for our analysis. We also used a new sample of galaxy groups identified in the 2M++ galaxy redshift catalogue as tracers of the large-scale structure. We defined a procedure to search in redshift space for compact groups that can be considered embedded in other overdense systems and applied this criterion to several possible combinations of different compact and galaxy group subsamples. We also performed similar analyses for simulated compact and galaxy groups identified in a 2M++ mock galaxy catalogue constructed from the Millennium Run Simulation I plus a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. We observed that only $\sim27\%$ of the compact groups can be considered to be embedded in larger overdense systems, that is, most of the compact groups are more likely to be isolated systems. The embedded compact groups show statistically smaller sizes and brighter surface brightnesses than non-embedded systems. No evidence was found that embedded compact groups are more likely to inhabit galaxy groups with a given virial mass or with a particular dynamical state. We found very similar results when the analysis was performed using mock compact and galaxy groups. Based on the semi-analytical studies, we predict that $70\%$ of the embedded compact groups probably are 3D physically dense systems. Finally, real space information allowed us to reveal the bimodal behaviour of the distribution of 3D minimum distances between compact and galaxy groups. The location of compact groups should be carefully taken into account when comparing properties of galaxies in environments that are a priori different.


This paper analyses the various logistics engineering components,including facilities engineering,foundation engineering,engineering management engineering and operations engineering;and discusses the innovation of logistics engineering problems,including the application of technology innovation,technology innovation and development of information technology,aims to accelerate the development process of logistics industry.


A new modeling method based on the normal distribution of dipoles is used to represent the B-H loop of magnetic materials. The dipole representation can be expressed either in 2-orientation or 4-orientation. Depending on the accuracy required, the modeling method typically requires only magnetic saturation parameters, the critical H-field, and a few control parameters. Experimental results show that the method can be used to represent the B-H loop of materials very accurately.


Production of recombinant therapeutic proteins, especially monoclonal antibodies (Mab), in myeloma cell lines represents a significant segment of the phar- maceutical market, and therefore striving for increased productivity of these lines represents a major investment of resources. The elucidation of biologically impor- tant markers for the adaptation of NS0 myeloma cell line to protein-free medium and the recombinant protein production are a major emphasis of our research. These markers could potentially be used in a variety of ways to improve culture condi- tions, including active approaches to agonize/antagonize important pathways within a medium formulation or diagnostic approaches indicative of improved conditions during the culture. In this work, we used two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and the iTRAQ technology to analyze different protein levels in adapted and non-adapted NS0 myeloma cell line. Several proteins with differential expression profile were characterized and quantified. Changes in lactate produc- tion rate with respect to glucose consumption rate were observed according to the changes observed by proteomic. Carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and membrane transport were the principal pathways that change after the adaptation by proteomic analysis. The same results were obtained using flux balance analysis in a murine metabolic network with selected medium conditions.


Provided is a matt coating composition containing: a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based resin containing a hydroxyl group; and a silicone-acrylate graft resin containing a polyacrylate main chain and a silicone side chain. In addition, provided are a matt coating sheet comprising a hard coating layer formed from the matt coating composition, and a manufacturing method therefor.


In this experiment, 24 fig varieties were analyzed by RAPD and SSR. Results showed that 80 loci were amplified by 9 RAPD primers, including 70 polymorphic loci. The polymorphic percentage was 87.50%. A total of 34 allelic variations were detected in 10 pairs of SSR primers, 29 of which were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic sites was 85.29%. Correlation analysis of the two markers of genetic identity showed significant correlation, indicating that the two markers were highly consistent in the analysis of fig genetic diversity. Cluster analysis revealed that the RAPD markers showed that the 24 fig varieties had a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.7 and could be divided into four groups. SSR markers showed that the 24 fig varieties can be divided into four groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66. The results show that the two molecular markers are suitable for the genetic diversity analysis of fig, and they are more reliable when combined than when used alone.


Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. There are 5 species malaria in human: Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi. Geographic distribution of this disease is unique, especially region close to the equator. Even though potentially lethal, actually, it is preventable and curable.


Objective To promote the recovery of cerebral hemorrhage patients by rehabilitation training and psychotherapy. Methods 160 cases of patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted into our hospital from January 2010 to March 2012 were selected as objects. They were randomly divided into experiment group and control group. Rehabilitation training and psychotherapy was given to experiment group on the basic of conventional therapy and nursing. QLI and FIM were taken to assess quality of life and self-care ability of them. Results The difference between two groups before therapy was not statistically significant (P0.05). After therapy, the score of QLI and FIM in experiment group was higher than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusions Rehabilitation training and psychotherapy can greatly promote the recovery of cerebral hemorrhage. It is worthy to be widely spread in clinic.


The paper presents a method for measuring laser frequency noise spectrum with the use of unbalanced fiber-optic interferometer and auxiliary phase modulation, forming a subcarrier signal at the interferometer output. The main features of the proposed method are analyzed. The paper also presents the results of experimental validation of the proposed method by measuring laser frequency noise of a high-coherent optical fiber laser.


The integration of renewable energy sources in grid systems has a significant impact on the stability of electric power distribution. High variable energies such as wind power have a lack of stability and, to avoid short-term variations in power supplied to the grid, a local storage subsystem can be used to provide higher quality in the fed energy. This paper contains a mathematical model and a simulator focused on energy management that may be useful to evaluate the service quality, the energy efficiency and the required storage capacity.


Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical effects of transvaginal resection operation in treatment of uterine prolapsed. Methods Selected 48 cases of patients with uterine prolapse who were treated in our hospital from July 2013 to June 2014,randomly divided them into control group and treatment group,patients in control group were adopted to the repair operation of anterior and posterior vaginal wall and others in treatment group were adopted to the same operation combined with transvaginal resection operation. Then observed the patients' treatment effects of two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the control group was 83.8%,and the recurrence rate was 12.5%. The total treatment effective rate of the treatment group was 95.8%,and the recurrence rate was 0.0%. The contrast of the total treatment effective rates and recurrence rates between the two group was statistically significant,for significantly different(P0.05). Conclusion With less recurrence rate,the transvaginal resection is possessed with an excellent effect on the treatment of uterine prolapse,which has more remarkable treatment effect,if it is combined with the repair operation of anterior and posterior vaginal wall. It is one of the best treatment methods to treat the disease about uterine prolapse,which is worth to be promoted widely in clinical application.


The trial is sdudied on the relationship between five fertilizer treatments and minerl congtent of vegetables with Spinach caltivated in field.The result shows that the optimum treatment among five fertilizer treatments is the combination of half Worm Manure (3500kg/667m~2 )with 50%NPK,which increased the content of N、P、K、Fe、Mn significantly and lessened the content of Zn and Cu of vegetables.At the same time,the combination of organic and inorganic fertilized can improve the fertilization of soil,and increase the output of Spinach.


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 The purpose of this article is to expound the conceptual map of the book «Image-simulacra: studies of contemporary cinema» (2010). By this, we'll realize the particular research strategy developed in contemporary cinema in Chile and, at the same time, problematize about how to think the contemporary cinema and audiovisual. For this, we'll go into some theorical problems that articulated the research and constituted the condition possibility to build the category Image-simulacra. These are: what we understood for contemporary and cinematographic fields; from what place to think about the tension between modern and contemporary cinema; and, finally, how the concept of Image-simulacra is related to another similar concepts that seek to define the contemporary of cinema.


Circulating reticulin autoantibodies of IgA class and anti‐nuclear antigen antibodies were found in a high frequency in dermatitis herpetiformis patients as compared with age‐and sex‐matched controls.


This paper presents the method to extract the embedded information inside 3D printed object using convolution neural network (CNN). The information was embedded by printing the codes with the near-fluorescent filament as a thin layer inside the real objects using a FDM 3D printer. This code cannot be seen from the outside. To read out the information inside, we can use a specific near infrared CCD camera read out non-destructively. Because of the vary factors in embedding conditions and the lighting conditions in photography in practical use, the accuracy of decoding by only using brightness is inefficient. Hence, we use deep learning to solve the problem for automatic classification and read out better. The results from using CNN was very satisfied as the accuracy 96.8%.


This paper highlights, from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view, how the choice of neighborhood and spatial weight affects the direct and indirect effects of environmental housing attributes on house price in environmental hedonic models.An original empirical investigation is herein undertaken for the area of the lower Loire estuary (France), in order to illustrate and complement our theoretical analysis. The first thing it shows is that as the radius of the neighborhood increases, the spatial specification changes from the Spatial Durbin to the SLAG model, which could modify the MWTP of the environmental attribute and therefore affect welfare analysis. It shows also that the indirect effects of environmental attributes, i.e., proximity to the sea or to a noisy road, should be taken into account in hedonic environmental valuations when the matrix of spatial weights is distance-dependent.


In the collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) process of supply chain management, the distributor is the leading "tie" between manufacturer and customer, a key figure in collecting marketing information, reducing the demand uncertainty and improving customer satisfaction. In the CPFR process, by making reasonable evaluations and selections the distributors can ensure smooth distribution channels and enhance the competitiveness of the entire supply chain. As a result, distributor evaluation and selection is a pivotal step in the process of supply chain management. In order to improve the validity and reliability of the evaluation and selection model, this paper proposes a decision model based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy-TODIM (IF-TODIM) and carries out example calculation and simulation analysis. Firstly, the CPFR process of the existing supply chain management method and the evaluation indicator system of the distributors were analysed. The next stage was to establish a selection criteria system (which the CPFR process requires) and then create an evaluation model based on the IF-TODIM selection model and prospect theory. Uncertainty and risk aversion were full considered in the distributor evaluation and selection model for the manufacturers. Finally an example calculation process and the simulation analysis revealed that the model displayed operability and effectiveness, can effectively solve the problem of distributor selection under uncertainty condition and help manufacturers determine the optimal distributor partners quickly, at the same time maximizing the choice of avoiding enterprise risk. (Received, processed and accepted by the Chinese Representative Office.)


Review of Stewart, Pamela J. and Andrew Strathern (eds) (2003) Landscape, Memory and History: Anthropological Perspectives. London and Sterling: Pluto Press.


This paper analyses the general equilibrium existence problem in a (finite) discretetime economy with infinite-dimensional commodity space and inComplete financial markets. It isassumed that the trading takes place in the sequence of spot markets and futures markets for sccurities payable in units of account. Unlimited short-selling in securities is allowed. The existence of such an equilibrium is proved under the following conditions: Mackey continuous,weakly convex ,strictly monotone,complete preferences and strictly positive endowments.


Long-term assessment of severe wildfires and associated air pollution and related climate patterns in and around the Arctic is essential for assessing healthy human life status. To examine the relationships, we analyzed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Our investigation based on this state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis data reveals that 13 out of the 20 months with the highest PM2.5 (corresponding to the highly elevated organic carbon in the particulate organic matter [POM] form) monthly mean mass concentration over the Arctic for 2003–2017 were all in summer (July and August), during which POM of ⩾ 0.5 μg m−3 and PM2.5 were positively correlated. This correlation suggests that high PM2.5 in the Arctic is linked to large wildfire contributions and characterized by significant anticyclonic anomalies (i.e. clockwise atmospheric circulation) with anomalous surface warmth and drier conditions over Siberia and subpolar North America, in addition to Europe. A similar climate pattern was also identified through an independent regression analysis for the July and August mean data between the same atmospheric variables and the sign-reversed Scandinavian pattern index. We named this pattern of recent atmospheric circulation anomalies the circum-Arctic wave (CAW) pattern as a manifestation of eastward group-velocity propagation of stationary Rossby waves (i.e. large-scale atmospheric waves). The CAW induces concomitant development of warm anticyclonic anomalies over Europe, Siberia, Alaska, and Canada, as observed in late June 2019. Surprisingly, the extended regression analysis of the 1980–2017 period revealed that the CAW pattern was not prominent before 2003. Understanding the CAW pattern under future climate change and global warming would lead to better prediction of co-occurrences of European heatwaves and large-scale wildfires with air pollution over Siberia, Alaska, and Canada in and around the Arctic in summer.


Abstract This article measures the productivity index of the Old English suffixes -cund, -ful, and -isc as well as the prefix ful- and checks the results against the diachronic evolution of the affixes. The frameworks brought to the discussion include Type frequency measurement, as well as productivity indexes proposed by Baayen (1992, 1993, 2009) and Trips (2009). The sources are both textual (The Dictionary of Old English Corpus) and lexicographical (the lexical database of Old English Nerthus). The conclusion drawn is that Baayen's (1992, 1993, 2002) index of Global Productivity provides the most consistent results with the diachronic evolution of the affixes.


Objective: systematic review regarding the effectiveness of long‐term psychoanalytic therapy (LPT) on health care use and work impairment in adult outpatients. Method: a systematic search for studies published between 1970 and 2005. Calculation of the weighted mean changes between pretreatment and treatment termination, and between pretreatment and follow‐up. The findings are translated into financial terms, and the costs of treatment are balanced against the financial gains. Results: seven studies (n = 861) met all the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. The mean cost of LPT per patient was &U20AC;20,900. During the year preceding treatment termination and the year preceding mean follow‐up (2.9 years), the average reduction was 85% and 59%, respectively, in the number of hospital days; 54% and 56%, respectively, in the number of medical consultations; 70% and 19%, respectively, in the number of medication users, and 61% and 67% in days of sick leave. Health care use and sick‐leave costs fell by an average of &U20AC;5,584, or 66%, between the year preceding the start of psychotherapy and the year preceding treatment termination. At mean follow‐up (2.9 years) these costs reductions were still apparent, as the reduction was &U20AC;5,372, or 64%, in the year preceding follow‐up. The break‐even point for benefits and treatment costs was approximately three years after treatment termination. The reduction in work impairment appears to be the main factor (65% to 75%) in these positive results. Conclusions: our data suggest that LPT substantially reduces health care use and sick leave. The benefits seem to endure for years after termination and reach the point of counterbalancing the costs of treatment approximately three years after treatment termination.


The Permanent High Explosive Test Site (PHETS) test-bed electrical topology and data flow are presented along with various equipments used in the topology. Using this information, recommendations are made to harden the test-bed instrumentation to electrical transients. These transients may be caused by lightning or electrostatic discharge. Specific attention is given to the junction box design, the shorting blocks, use of shielded cables, protection of the sensors, and the instrumentation bunker/container. Additional attention is given to the protection of personnel from lightning effects. Also, it is recommended the optimum design is of a Faraday-cage concept that completely encases the instrumentation from sensor to permanent recording medium. The optimum design should be prototyped and tested using the Precision Test bed and current injection before general application to the PHETS.


To compare the rates of success of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) sonographic (US) examinations in locating and adequately visualizing levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (IUDs) and to explore factors associated with the unsuccessful viewing on 2D US.


We have investigated mass exchange corrections in the NRC watt balance. Two effects arising from mass exchanges during the weighing phase produce significant systematic errors in measurements of the Planck constant (h). These effects were estimated and corresponding corrections were applied to measurements of h made at NRC between August and September of 2011 An effect due to tilting of the beam required an estimated correction of (0.238 ± 0.018) μW/W and an effect due to tilting of the flat, which supports the beam, required an estimated correction of (-0.636 ± 0.056) μW/W.


Abstract The limestone relief, discovered near the motel in New Shahat in 1984, is one of a group of votive reliefs of the later Hellenistic period (2nd-1st centuries BC). The group, from various Libyan sites, depict Libyan sanctuaries, and are of especial interest in reflecting the close relationship between the Greek and native populations of Cyrenaica. The new find is unusual in devoting a large space to two pastoral scenes. They represent an aspect of the cult of a deity, probably Demeter, who was believed to bestow the Libyan people with meat, milk, hair, wool and other products. With these earthly goods Demeter brought the promise of fertility. Women feature prominently in the relief, as in her cult.


In order to meet the requirements of measuring speed and current capacity in the field of hydrology,based on the propeller,a meter system with the core of P98V51 which has the high performance and low power consumption is designed.In this paper,the principle of the instrment and the designing method of software and hardware are introduced.Its application indicates that this instrument can improve precision and the effectiveness of data,reduce the consumption of power,can be recorded in a paperless manner.Besides,it can be used in bad-quality water.This instrument meets the national standard for measuring speed and current capacity.


Asteroid families are groups of bodies identified in the space of proper elements or of frequencies that share a common origin in the collisional break-up of their progenitors. Their dynamical evolution is shaped by the interaction with the local web of mean-motion and secular resonances, and by non-gravitational effects, such as the 'Yarkovsky' and 'Yarkovsky-O'Keefe―Radzievskii―Paddack' (YORP) effects. Thus, obtaining information on their age and original ejection velocity field is generally a difficult task. Recently, two families were found to have a large fraction of members in the non-linear secular resonance z 1 : the Agnia and Padua families. Conserved quantities of the z 1 resonance allowed for a more precise determination of their ages and ejection velocity fields. So far, however, no family was known to be in a linear secular resonance, such as the v 6 resonance, although individual asteroids were known to be in v 6 anti-aligned librating states. The v 6 resonance occurs when there is a commensurability between the frequency of precession of the pericentre of an asteroid and that of Saturn. As a consequence, in librating states, the resonant argument oscillates around a stable point. In anti-aligned librating states, the resonant argument oscillates around the stable point at 180°. Here we show that the newly identified Tina family is characterized by having all its members in such a state, making it the only family in the asteroid belt known to be completely embedded in a secular resonance configuration. This rare dynamical configuration limits the maximum eccentricity of Tina members, preventing them from experiencing Martian close encounters and forming a stable island of a new dynamical type. The current dispersion of asteroid resonant elements suggests that the family should be at least 2.5 Myr old, while Monte Carlo simulations including the Yarkovsky and YORP effects suggest that the Tina family should be 170 +20 ―30 M yr old.


One of the most fascinating phases of matter is the supersolid phase. The supersolid phase of matter juxtaposes two a priori conflicting physical properties: a long range ordered structure phase and non vanishing superfluid transport properties [1]. Recently, it has been the focus of intense research as there have been experimental reports which claim to observe a supersolid phase in 4He[2] through the observation of enhancements in the resonant period of their torsional oscillator as the system is cooled. However, the large superfluid mass fraction[2] observed appears to favor a solid amorphous structure, a superglass phase, rather than the desired supersolid phase[3], [4].


We outline a method if image magnification based on parametric families of fast orthogonal transforms which arise from the multiresolution/wavelet paradigm of Mallat and Meyer. The essential idea is to consider the original image as a low‐frequency component of a family of potential enlargements, all of which are computable in real time. We sketch the underlying theory and pertinent algorithms. Several specific examples are detailed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The invention discloses a preparation method of barley for barley tea. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying washed barley until the water content of the barley is 40 to 60 percent, and compressing the barley to form a plurality of tiny cracks in the surface of the barley before baking by using a rollover machine. According to the preparation method, the aim of uniformly heating the inner surface of the barley under a low-temperature baking condition is fulfilled, and the problems of scorched surface and uncooked interior in a conventional barley processing process are effectively solved; the barley, obtained by the method, for the barley tea has the advantages of fragrant flavor, easiness in soaking and comprehensive nutritional components.


Abstract Despite the recognition that poor working relationships can contribute to strain (Chen and Spector 1991, Cooper and Marshall 1978, Kahn and Byosiere lY92, Spector 1987, Spector et al. 1988) and increasing concern over violence and aggression in the workplace (Northwestern National Life Insurance Co. 1993), little research attention has been paid to hostile interpersonal interaction as a work-related stressor. While recent work has focused on interpersonal conflict and sexual harassment as stressors, emotionally abusive interactions have remained largely unaddressed by the organizational stress literature. These interactions are characterized by hostile verbal and non-verbal, non-physical behaviours directed by one or more persons towards another that negatively affect the target's sense of him/herself as a competent person and worker (Keashly et al. 1994, Leymann 1990). The current study examined whether emotional abuse contributed uniquely to understanding work-related stress in student residenc...


The properties of set-valued states of differential control systems
with uncertainties in initial data are considered. It is assumed that the dynamical
system has a special structure, in which the nonlinear terms in the
right-hand sides of related differential equations are quadratic in state coordinates.
The model of uncertainty considered here is deterministic, with setmembership
description of uncertain items which are taken to be unknown but
bounded with given bounds. We construct external and internal ellipsoidal
estimates of reachable sets of nonlinear control system and find differential
equations of proposed ellipsoidal estimates of reachable sets of nonlinear control
system. Numerical simulation results are also given.


Objective To analyze the dangerous factors associated with premature labor and the etiology of death in premature infants.Methods The causes of 683 cases(n=683) of preterm labor from January 2002 to december 2007 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.A comparison of delivery mode and neonatal asphyxia was made between the 638 cases and the control group of 300 full term cases(n=300).Also,neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death rate of the control group and the cases of 28~31+6 weeks gestation,32~34+6 weeks gestation,and 35~36+6 weeks gestation were compared.Results Premature rupture of membrane accounted for 44.22% of premature labor causations,which was the principal factor of premature labor.However 27.09% causations of premature labor remained unknown.The most common causations of iatrogenic preterm delivery were hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy,intrahepatic cholestasis,placenta praevia and fetal distress.Significant difference was shown in the delivery mode,neonatal asphyxia and neonate death rate between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion There are many factors cause premature labor during gestational period.Premature labor is main causation of disease and death in infants.An intensive attention paid to the factors of premature labor and implementation of corresponding measures could decrease the complication and mortality in infants.


Many U.S. companies say they hire foreign scientists and engineers because of a shortage of qualified native-born workers. But a new salary study bolsters the claim of some analysts that a strong reason may be to hold down wages. (Read more.)


Groundwater over-extraction from the Potomac Aquifer in southeast Virginia has led to a number of deleterious effects, including saltwater intrusion, falling groundwater levels, and land subsidence. To mitigate these effects, Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) is developing the Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow (SWIFT) program. SWIFT is an innovative aquifer recharge program designed to enhance long-term groundwater sustainability while mitigating land subsidence and salt water intrusion within the Virginia Coastal Plain. SWIFT will replenish the Virginia Potomac Aquifer by recharging highly treated wastewater at a rate of up to 379,000 cubic meters per day (100 million gallons per day) by year 2032. To achieve this target, the SWIFT program comprises a network of up to five advanced water treatment and aquifer recharge sites throughout southeast Virginia. While there are numerous economic and societal benefits of the SWIFT program, there may also be the potential for fluid injections to cause unintended seismic activity. To begin understanding the potential for injection-induced seismicity, the Hampton Roads Seismic Network (HRSN) was installed in December 2021. The HRSN comprises five autonomous seismic monitoring stations. The primary objectives for HRSN are to (i) record the baseline rate of natural seismicity (if any) prior to full-scale aquifer recharge operations and (ii) detect seismicity that may be induced by fluid injections when full-scale aquifer recharge operations commence in 2026. This paper presents the rationale for HRSN, along with its spatial configuration, hardware specifications, autonomous capabilities, results from preliminary testing, and plans for long-term operations as the SWIFT program comes online.


Intense competition has in many markets decreased the prospects for differentiation in terms of technology and product/service quality. For this reason, CSR becomes an important attribute that can enhance a company's image. To win customers' loyalty in today's markets, companies have to focus on building and sustaining customer loyalty. Nowadays, organizations looking forward to achieving a sustainable competitive improvement based on focusing on a customer-oriented concept which will lead to customer satisfaction, trust and finally to customer loyalty. In this regard, CSR has become a valuable tool. This research, therefore, aims to investigate the direct effect of CSR on customer loyalty by observing the intervening influence of Perceived service quality and trust. In this research, it is proved CSR aspects namely business practice CSR which is related to primary stakeholders, such as customers and employees, and philanthropic CSR, which is related to secondary stakeholders, such as the community has a positive and significant effect on the customer loyalty. Moreover, perceived service quality and trust also serve as an intervener between CSR and Loyalty. Data collected from account holders of three main banks in Kenya. Structural equation modeling is examined by using PLS software. The findings of this study would help scholars in developing more CSR based loyalty models. These findings can also aid the service industry such as commercial banks in Kenya to better incorporate CSR initiatives in their strategic planning process


The aim of this study was investigation of the influence of microwaveconvective drying parameters, like microwave power on quality of dried apple slices. Experiments were carried out under different microwave power levels (100‐300 W) at temperature of 30 and 40C. The scope of the study comprised measurement of instrumental features and sensory attributes of the texture of dried. The results showed that the values of instrumental texture properties of dried apple slices depend on the parameters of the drying process. At both of the analyzed apple drying temperatures along with an increase of microwave power there was also an increase in the value of acoustic emission events and the partition power spectrum slope. Sensory analysis of texture characteristics showed that along with an increase in the microwave power the dehydrated apple had darker color and its hardness increased. High correlations between the instrumental and sensory parameters of dried apple were observed.


In the past four decades the world over witnessed, the growth in production of goods and services and their consumption. This has lead to mass production to meet the ever increasing demand for consumption of goods and services. This unprecedented growth of production had lead to increasing levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, global warming, pollution of air and water, damage of eco-system, production of harmful products, widespread destruction of forests, growing list endangered species are just a few of the indicators that is not good for the human living in the future.


DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10-200 MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ - 0.83 $\mu$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of DMRadio-m$^3$, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of two larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30-200 MHz can be achieved with a $3\sigma$ live scan time of 3.7 years.


An improved immunity genetic algorithms (GA) based adaptive control method for urban traffic network signal is proposed. A two-level hierarchical distributed construction is adopted.The parameters are optimized hierarchically with an interval of 5~30 minutes.Cycle and offsets are optimized by central controller in each interval and splits are optimized by intersection controller in each cycle.For a given performance index,such as minimizing the mean vehicle delay or number of stops etc.,an improved immunity GA is used to optimize the cycle,offsets and splits.Simulation results show that the new method proposed in this paper is feasible and efficient.


ABSTRACTThis study aims to test and analyze the Indonesian Jakarta Islamic Index's Islamic stock price which is influenced by 4 macroeconomic fundamentals (inflation, exchange rate $ / IDR, interest rates, stock trading volume) and shares of Indonesia's 5 largest trading partners (Shanghai Composite Index China shares, stocks Japanese Nikkei 225 Index, Singapore Straits Time Index shares, United States Dow Jones Industrial Average shares, India S&P BSE Sensex shares) before and during covid-19. The population in this study were Indonesian Islamic stocks listed on the IDX with the period March 2019 to September 2020. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method and obtained one sample of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) stock index. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS application tools. Based on testing using the Simultaneous Model Test (Test F), it is known that the independent variables together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on the Sharia Indonesia Jakarta Islamic Index stock price before and during the Covid-19 period. While the results of the Hypothesis Test (t test) show that, the exchange rate of $ / Rp., China's Shanghai Composite Index (SCI) and the United States Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) Stock Index have a significant effect on Islamic stocks in Indonesia Jakarta Islamic Index during covid-19. .


The pyroclastic and volcanogenic deposit of Deonar Porcellanite Formation of Semri Group (Vindhyan Supergroup) represents the records of violent explosive felsic volcanism during late Mesoproterozoic. Five lithounits have been identified in the porcellanites exposed along Amiliya-Bahari section in Sidhi district. Based on the field observations, petrography and other features, three phases of volcanic eruption and sedimentation have been recognized, suggesting a mixed provenance for Deonar Porcellanite. Introduction Deonar Porcellanite of Semri Group, Vindhyan Supergroup extends as a linear belt from Palamau district of Bihar in the east and Sidhi district of Madhya Pradesh in west. Deonar Porcellanites form laterally discontinuous small hillocks as strike-parallel chain of ridges for several tens of kilometers. Individual mounds range from 50 to l00m in height and 300m to one kilometer in width. Deonar Porcellanite comprises thinly bedded, fine grained siliceous sediments, felsic volcanic tuffs, tuffaceous shales and sandstones, forming conspicuous outcrops, along the banks and river bed of the Son river in Sidhi district (Fig, 1). Law (1954) carried out detailed geological investigations in Sidhi district and concluded the porcellanite to be of pyroclastic origin, occurring with siliciclastics like shales, sandstones etc. Ghosh (1971) attributes extensive lateral continuity of these beds is the result of turbidity current based on his study in Sidhi district. Soni et al. (1987) noted the presence of a mineralized fractured zone within the pyroclastic rocks near Sihawal in Sidhi district. They also considered the occurrence of large sized volcanic bombs and lapilli near Rampur as an indication of the proximity of another focus. Rasmussen et al. (2002) and Ray et al. (2002) published precise U-Pb zircon ages of 1628+8 and 1631+5 for Deonar Porcellanite. The present paper aims at recognition and characterization of lithounits in Deonar Porcellanites of Lower Vindhyans. The description is based on observations along the classical Amiliya-Bahari section in Sidhi district (Fig, 1). Journal of Scientific Research Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Vol. 57, 2013 : 20-26 ISSN : 0447-9483


Twenty-six bacteria were examined for the presence of penicillin acylase and beta-lactamase. A copper reducing assay, which was sensitive in the analytical range 2-20 micrograms/ml, was used for determination of penicilloates and a fluorescamine assay was used to determine 6-aminopenicillanic acid concentrations when both substances were produced by the action of the enzymes on a single substrate. Seventeen bacteria contained beta-lactamases, six contained penicillin acylases and four contained both enzymes. Two bacteria contained a Type 1 penicillin acylase and four bacteria contained a Type II enzyme. No ampicillin acylases were detected. All beta-lactamases were constitutive enzymes in those organisms where both enzymes co-existed. Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus produced inducible and extracellular beta-lactamases. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 21288 produced a constitutive beta-lactamase which was detected extracellularly.


Brief description of reference mapping GIS and the fields of its application are given. Different types of multimedia applications are considered and the technology of photo cycloramas development is offered.


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the use of 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on the immediate bond strength of a conventional adhesive system to dentin in primary teeth.
Methods: Twenty-one healthy primary molars were divided into three groups (n=7), being one control (A) and two experimental groups (B and C). After dentin exposure, in Group (A) the adhesive procedure was performed using 37% phosphoric acid gel (15 s); dentin was washed (15 s), air dried (30 s) and rehydrated with water. Groups B and C followed similar procedures but for re-hydration with 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine, respectively, for 30 s. A resin composite block was built simulating a restoration, and the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h before the microtensile bond strength test. The bond strength data were analyzed by analysis of variance.
Results: No statistically significant difference in bond strength was found among the tested groups (P>0.05)
Conclusion: The 0.5% and 2% concentrations of chlorhexidine presented similar behavior and caused no adverse effects on the bond strength to dentin in primary teeth.


The removals of nitrogenous component(NH4 + ) and COD from the synthetic waste water have been investigated in a three-phase circulating fluidized-bed reactor whose diameter is 0.102 m. Activated sludge which is used for waste water treatment at the Wonchun-dong in Daejon has been employed as a microorganism. Filtered compressed air and synthetic waste water have been used as a gas and a liquid phase, respectively. Anion polymer resin whose diameter is 0.4 mm has been used as a fluidized solid substrate, at which microorganism has been adhered. Effects of initial concentration of NH 4 in the waste water and substrate holdup on the efficiency as well as amount of the removal of NH 4 and COD have been discussed. The reac- tion temperature, pH and concentration of dissolved oxygen have been maintained at 20 o C, 7 and 6-7 mg/L, respectively. It has been found, from the results of this study, that the three-phase circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor can be ut ilized as an effec- tive scheme to remove the NH4 and COD in the waste water continuously. The use of substrate particle with microorganism adhered at its surface can increase the removal efficiency of NH 4 + and COD considerably. The removal efficiencies of NH 4 + as well as COD have increased with increasing the holdup of substrate with active microoranism, but decreased with increasing the initial concentration of NH 4 in the waste water. The efficiency has been found to be closely related to the combination of the initial concentration of NH 4 and substrate holdup in the reactor; the optimum amount of substrate has been dependent upon the initial concentration of NH 4 in the waste water.


An accessory tool for use with a suction source has a housing with a suction outlet and a fluid inlet. The suction outlet is adapted to be connected to the suction source. A roller assembly has a roller element rotatably mounted in the housing and adapted to contact a surface being cleaned. A turbine assembly has a turbine housing and a turbine fan rotatably mounted within the turbine housing. The turbine housing includes one or more inlet apertures in fluid communication with the atmosphere, as well as a turbine outlet in fluid communication with the suction outlet. A drive mechanism is operably coupled to both the turbine fan and to the roller element to drive rotation of the roller element when the suction source is connected to the suction outlet.


Fires are frequent in urban slums. In general, a fire beginning in a slum community gets out of control and the resultant fire propagation affects large areas. Lack of reliable data on slum fires is an obstacle for immediate application of quantitative methods for fire risk assessment. This article proposes an evolutionary approach to risk assessment in slums. The concepts of structured and unstructured systems for risk assessment are introduced. A sequence of methods is proposed going from qualitative to fully quantitative. In addition, a critical analysis of the index method is provided; such a method might avoid subjectivity in adopting a power rule for risk and safety factors. Language: en


Phytoplasmas are associated with diseases of several hundred-plant species including many important crops. These phytopathogenic bacteria are grouped in the provisional genus 'Candidatus Phytoplasma'. Today, the majority of our knowledge on phytoplasmas is directly connected or derived from genome research, as a cell-free cultivation of phytoplasmas was unavailable for a long time. Only four genomes were completely determined so far (reviewed in Kube et al. , 2012) as there are ' Ca . P. asteris' strains OY-M and AY-WB, ' Ca . P. australiense,' and ' Ca . P. mali'. Chromosome condensation and decreased G + C content are characteristical for these genomes. Sequences provided information for design of diagnostic markers as well as subsequent experiments on key proteins interacting with the plant host or insect vector. Several key questions have to be answered in the future. They aim to extend the knowledge of so far uncovered 'Ca . Phytoplasma species' providing information on their metabolism, membrane proteins, effectors and virulence genes. A promising starting point is the comparative analysis of complete genome sequences or phytoplasma draft sequences obtained from metagenomic data. Hence, several studies are in progress worldwide. An overview is provided on the core metabolism of phytoplasmas and the strategies currently used in our own studies. Benefits and limits of draft sequences are discussed.


A remarkable feature of the hard disk drive (HDD) industry is the high degree of concentration of HDD assembly activities in Singapore. In the period 1986- 96 Singapore accounted for 45-50% of the global output of HDDs. In recent years this had declined to 36% in 1998 but in 1999 the total shipped from Singapore was 39%. It should be noted that the value of the HDD output from Singapore had never declined and has grown to more than US$15 billion today. The HDD assembly industry in Singapore may have peaked in 1997 with a redistribution of HDD and supporting industries from Singapore to other parts of Asia. However, this shift was accompanied by the establishment of new investments in HDD


It has been suggested and demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that an array of electronic oscillators coupled to nearest neighbors will provide a set of signals with linear phase progression across the array. [R. A. York, IEEE Trans., MTT-41, pp.l799-1809][P. Liao and R. A. York, IEEE Trans., "IT-41, pp. 1810-1815] [R. J. Pogorzelski, to appear in MWGWL, December 2000.1 The rate of phase progression is controllable by adjusting the tuning (free running frequency) of the oscillators on the perimeter of the array. Such a set of signals is suitable for excitation of an array of equally spaced radiating elements thus producing a steerable radiated beam.


In the early design of a high-performance custom or semi-custom MCM, some of the required tasks that must be completed include the following: (1) assignment of functions to chips, (2) determine the oorplan of the chips, and (3) determine the oorplan of the chips within the MCM. We wish to complete this task so that, for the completed system, cost is minimized, and that there is a high probability that timing and noise constraints are met, thermal, DFT, DFM, etc. requirements are satis ed and that the design is routable with minimum e ort. In this paper, we discuss some issues related to partitioning and placement (or oorplanning) for timingdriven MCM design. In particular, we describe how a topological description is used to describe a combined partitioning and placement, and how linearized circuit responses can be used to drive the tool. We give some results that show that using these approaches, 80% or more of the timing and congestion constraints are met.


In Ukraine, with its ethnographic and natural-living peculiarities, many problems have arisen concerning the organization of obstetric care, the state of which has become extremely shaky over the last decade. Hence the need to convene a Congress of obstetricians working in Ukraine. The programmatic issues of the Congress included questions of partly scientific, partly organizational, and partly scientific nature. One of the peculiarities of this Congress is that the program topics were discussed not only by medical specialists, but also by representatives of the administration, which gave a special, businesslike character to the Congress and will undoubtedly contribute to the implementation of the planned activities.


The strong development of "Internet +" has had a huge impact on traditional operation and maintenance methods and models. When relevant industries use "Internet +" to transform their businesses, they must also transform their OAM (operation and maintenance) concepts to enhance their core competitiveness. Long-term research on system OAM methods has found that most of the current OAM of enterprises are still in the semi-automatic OAM stage, and the OAM personnel have to deal with repetitive, monotonous, complicated processes and errors. At the same time, with the growth of business, the number of servers has increased sharply, and the workload of OAM personnel has also doubled. This paper studies the design and implementation of the intelligent OAM management system in enterprise data based on information technology, understands the functional requirements of the intelligent OAM management system in enterprise data in related literature, and then designs the system according to the functional requirements, finally, the designed system is tested for function. The test results show that the maximum response time of the system is 0.71s and the minimum is 0.07s. This shows that the system is operating well, the integrated system has a higher performance than the previous system, responsive efficiency and more convenient operation mode. Different user logins have clearer permissions and more direct and smooth data interaction, which can significantly improve the efficiency of enterprise management and OAM.


The aim of the study was to investigate correlations between intrahepatic hepatitis B virus total DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and serum HBsAg in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B and HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver tissues were taken from 42 HBV related HCC and 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B. A fraction of DNA extracted from liver tissue was digested with a plasmid‐safe ATP‐dependent DNase and used for HBV cccDNA detection. The remaining DNA was used for the detection of HBV total DNA and β‐globin, the latter of which is a housekeeping gene and quantified for normalization by real‐time PCR. Quantitation of serum HBsAg was performed by a chemiluminescence assay. Serum HBsAg had positive correlations with serum HBV DNA (r = 0.636, P < 0.001), intrahepatic HBV total DNA (r = 0.519, P = 0.001) and cccDNA (r = 0.733, P < 0.001) in 36 treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B, while HBsAg correlated poorly with DNA (r = 0.224, P = 0.210), intrahepatic total DNA and cccDNA in the tumor (r = 0.351, P = 0.031; r = 0.164, P = 0.324, respectively) and non‐tumor (r = 0.237, P = 0.152; r = 0.072, P = 0.667, respectively) liver tissues of 42 HCC. HBV cccDNA and total DNA were significantly higher in liver tissue from chronic hepatitis B than in tumor and non‐tumor of HCC (P < 0.001). Serum HBsAg and HBV DNA were also higher in chronic hepatitis B than in HCC (P < 0.001). It was concluded that levels of serum HBsAg and intrahepatic cccDNA and total DNA were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis B than in HCC, and significant correlations among them were observed in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B but not in HCC. J. Med. Virol. 85:219–227, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The new KD-Kap omega-3 is "protected from oxidation and easily mixable in water," according to KD Omega Health partners KD Pharma and nanoSaar.


Parents occupy the most important place in the perceptual world of the child, in spite of rapid changes within the modern family, parental disciplining is still considered very essential for building healthy emotionality and personality of the child. It has generally been observed that in addition to genetic factors, child rearing practices playa vital role in the development of a child particularly the disciplining practices are considered more important. The present study was taken up to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and selected personal social variables in authoritarian parenting style. The sample comprised of 40 parents adopting authoritarian parenting style and their children between the age range of 15-17 years from the city of Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh. The parental interactional style questionnaire developed by Vivekan Reddy (1996) was used to know the authoritarian parenting style adopted by the parents. Emotional intelligence inventory developed and standardized by Uma Devi (2003) was used to find out the emotional intelligence levels of the adolescents. Results of the study revealed that in the authoritarian parenting style, most of the adolescents had average levels of emotional intelligence. It was interesting to note from the co- relational analysis resulted that social variables like mother's education, income and the child's age were found to have positive and significant relationship with the dimensions of emotional intelligence like impulse control and optimism. Surprisingly variables like family type, family size, caste, mother's income and child's birth order had significant but negative relationship with the emotional intelligence dimensions such as assertiveness, self actualization, empathy, reality testing and happiness.


The potential natural vegetation of Seonunsan area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. In previous two papers the plant communities of actual vegetation of the area is grouped into nine types; Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus serrata, Camellia japonica (plantation), Quercus aliena, Pinus thunbergii, Zelkova serrata and Carpinus laxiflora forest. With the analysis of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes of the plant communities, two paths of late stage succession are suggested in climatic climax starting from Pinus densiflora forest in the area. One is through Quercus variabilis forest to Carpinus laxiflora forest in upper parts of the mountain and the other through Quercus aliena forest to Carpinus tschonoskii forest in lower parts of the mountain. With analysis of actual vegetation and the examination of informations including human activities in the area, the potential natural vegetation of the area was inferred. The potential natural vegetation of the area was mainly composed of Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest. The actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map (scale, 1:25, 000) and other results from this study might be the useful data for the protection of natural vegetation and restoration of the current vegetation.


Water mist' refers to fine water sprays in which 99% of the volume of the spray is in droplets with diameter less than 1000 μm. The paper deals with the use of 'water mist' as fire suppressant in coal mines. Water mist could have better suppressant in comparison with other existing fire suppressant like Halon 1211, halon 1301 as the latter have environmentally unsuitable, being ozone depletion properties. Water mist considerably reduces heat and subsequently temperature of fire as well as radiation attenuation, which resists the spreading of fire to virgin fuel. Higher latent heat of evaporation and specific heat of water mist make it better than other suppressant. Large scale model based study done by Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad on water mist establishes its suitability to suppress coal mine fires. Water mist infusion has been proved to be safe and very effective technique for not only controlling open fire in underground mines but also reducing toxic gases, minimizing rollback and improving visibility in the fire affected areas. However further research should be carried out to determine the optimum water droplet size, air velocity, water droplet velocity according to fire size and category on field based study.


2014 The formation of negative ions in HCI and DCI is studied with a total ionization chamber. In addition to the already well established peak of CIions, two other peaks are observed at 6.9 and 9.2 eV. These peaks are due to H(D-) ions. We have determined the absolute cross section for the different processes and measured the corresponding isotope effects. We obtained : REVUE DE PHYSIQUE APPLIQUÉE TOME 9, MARS 1974, PAGE Classification Physics Abstracts 5.460


The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean college students' perceptions of verb complement alternations in English. Some cognitive-functional grammarians maintain that the choice of to- infinitive or bare-infinitive, for NP to-infinitive or NP to-infinitive and that S V or S V in verb complement constructions is determined by semantic or pragmatic differences between the two types. Based on this line of claim, this paper examines Korean college students' perception of meaning differences between minimal pair clausal complements of English verbs. 153 college students answered the specially designed questionnaire dealing with semantic and pragmatic differences caused by verb complement alternations. The results of the study show that there is no significant difference in the students' perception of the differences at issue. It is also found that the majority of Korean students preferred to-infinitive and that-maintenance clauses because they felt that the two are more familiar and easier to identify than bare-infinitive and that-omission clauses. This study suggests that various constructions related to verb complements be presented in the classroom and teachers explain the meaning differences between them more explicitly. Several pedagogical implications were also discussed and the need for further research was proposed.


The invention provides an air conditioning system and a control method thereof. The air conditioning system comprises an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger, a water tank, a defrosting electronic expansion valve, a detection device and a control device. The water-refrigerant heat exchanger is communicated with the outdoor heat exchanger through a first pipeline; the defrosting electronic expansion valve is arranged on the first pipeline; the detection device detects the temperature and flow of water in a water discharging pipe and the temperature of the refrigerant at a second terminal of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger; the control device controls the defrosting electronic expansion valve to open or close according to the data detected by the detection device. According to the air conditioning system, in a defrosting mode, when the hot water in the water tank is capable of evaporating condensed refrigerant completely, the hot water in the water tank is used for heating the refrigerant; otherwise, the defrosting electronic expansion valve is closed; thus, the reliability of the system is improved, and the problems of incomplete system defrosting or defrosting failures caused by low temperature and small amount of water in the water tank are avoided.


The pathogenesis of glaucoma has been studied by many investigators, and various etiologies have been proposed, but none of them has been definitely proved. A consideration of the chemical and physical factors involved in the develop ment of glaucoma will of necessity be elaborated and developed from a discussion of the mechanisms that maintain the normal function of the eye ball. In previous studies, the authors reported the relationship between the plasmin activity and various eye disorders. This investigation was done by evaluating the plasmin activity together with antiplasmic therapy and the changes of plasmin activity as followed on patients who were suffering from glaucoma.


Three different antihelmintic drugs were used in the present study (ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole) on Friesian bulls .The animals were divided into four groups (control untreated group, ivermectin, levamisole, and albendazole treated groups, respectively). The drugs used at two doses with 8 weeks intervals between first and second one at 200μg/kg, 7.5mg/kg and 10mg/kg, respectively. Semen samples were collected for 8 th weeks after each dose. Biochemical semen characteristics were estimated. The bulls treated with ivermectin showed significant increase in semenejaculate volume, spermcells concentration (x10 9 / ml), total sperm output ejaculate (x10 9 / ml), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in seminal plasma, seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, urea and zinc concentration; while significantly decreased seminal plasma alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotranferase (AST), and sodium were reported. The bulls treated with levamisole showed significant increase in semen-ejaculate volume, total sperm output/ejaculate, ALP and prostatic ACP activities in seminal plasma, seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, urea and zinc concentrations; while significantly decreased seminal plasma ALT, AST, and sodium were recorded. In contrary, the bulls treated with albendazole were significantly decreased semenejaculate volume, sperm motility, seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, creatinine and calcium. Also, it showed significant increase in seminal plasma enzymes activity (ALT, AST and ALP) and zinc concentrations. It is interest to note that different anthelmintics treatment used in this study didn't affect significantly in seminal plasma albumin and total ACP activity. In conclusion: Ivermectin treatment improved semen qualities by increasing seminal volume and concentration. Anthelmintics treatment with levamisole should be used carefully under control during breeding season. Albendazole treatment should be avoided because its harmful effect in semen by decreasing semen-ejaculate volume, sperm motility, seminal plasma total proteins, globulin and increasing seminal plasma aminotransferase enzymes activity.


By analyzing eight traditional syndrome differentiation methods and practical applications in clinic,the method of "syndrome differentiation according to the location and the nature" was established, and the new method could not only contain the essence of traditional syndrome differentiation method, but also condense and outline eight methods. It was meaningful to improve the accuracy and normalization of TCM syndrome differentiation, which could be used to internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics in clinic.


Wireless sensor network is a collection of small tiny sensors which are resource constrained often deployed in hostile, open and unattended environment thus making them more vulnerable to various attacks. Establishing a secure communication between sensor nodes is an open and difficult issue in WSN. key management plays a very important role in establishing secure communication in this paper, we proposed an enhancement to key management scheme in heterogeneous sensor networks supporting node mobility. The basic scheme is made more resilient by applying one way hash function on secret materials stored in mobile nodes. This enhancement will make the key management scheme more resistant to node capture attack. The analysis shows that enhanced scheme is more resilient than basic scheme keeping the same network connectivity.


The temporal current stability and the current fluctuations of the field emission current obtained from ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films were investigated. The films were synthesized by Ar-rich dc plasma assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The field emission properties were correlated to the films' composition (sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon volume fractions) and nanostructure. The compositional analysis was done by modeling the films' spectroscopic ellipsometry [Ψ (E), Δ (E)] data by using a two layer structure and the Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The results indicate that the local field enhancement in UNCD films is related to their intrinsic morphology at the diamond-grain boundary-vacuum interface, and the sp3∕sp2 carbon volume fraction plays a significant function on the short- and long-term current stabilities of field emitted electrons.


Abstract The control of ignition timing and combustion duration over a wide range of engine speeds and loads in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is one of the barriers to the realization of this type of engine. Application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a promising option to control ignition timing, extend combustion duration, and suppress knock-like combustion. In this study, the effects of the mixing of N2 and CO2, major components of exhaust gas, with the fuel-air mixture on the heat release of the cool flames and the emission characteristics of CO were investigated by experiment and computation. The heat release of the cool flames was reduced with N2 mixing; however, it increased with CO2 mixing. From the systematic experiments and chemical kinetic computations, it was confirmed that the amount of heat release from the cool flames depends strongly on the concentration of O2 at the onset of cool flame. The dominant pathway for CO oxidation is the reaction of CO + OH = CO2 + H, where the H atoms produced react with O2 molecules and produce OH + O or HO2. The CO oxidation becomes active as the branching rate to OH + O is increasing. However, the branching rate to HO2 was increased with the addition of CO2 into the mixture, resulting in higher CO emission. Though the mixing of CO2 is effective in suppressing knock-like combustion owing to its small specific heat ratio and large heat capacity, it has an inferior effect on CO emission.


Due to omnipresent uncertainties and environmental disturbances, natural and engineered biological organisms face the challenging control problem of achieving robust performance using unreliable parts. The key to overcoming this challenge rests in identifying structures of biomolecular circuits that are largely invariant despite uncertainties, and building feedback control through such structures. In this work, we develop the tool of log derivatives to capture structures in how the production and degradation rates of molecules depend on concentrations of reactants. We show that log derivatives could establish stability of fixed points based on structure, despite large variations in rates and functional forms of models. Furthermore, we demonstrate how control objectives, such as robust perfect adaptation (i.e. step disturbance rejection), could be implemented through the structures captured. Due to the method's simplicity, structural properties for analysis and design of biomolecular circuits can often be determined by a glance at the equations.


Abstract. We have constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to jointly assimilate measurements of methane and δ13C of methane in order to estimate source-specific methane emissions. Here we present global emission estimates from this framework for the period 1999–2016. We assimilate a newly constructed, multi-agency database of CH4 and δ13C measurements. We find that traditional CH4-only atmospheric inversions are unlikely to estimate emissions consistent with atmospheric δ13C data, and assimilating δ13C data is necessary to derive emissions consistent with both measurements. Our framework attributes ca. 85 % of the post-2007 growth in atmospheric methane to microbial sources, with about half of that coming from the tropics between 23.5∘ N and 23.5∘ S. This contradicts the attribution of the recent growth in the methane budget of the Global Carbon Project (GCP). We find that the GCP attribution is only consistent with our top-down estimate in the absence of δ13C data. We find that at global and continental scales, δ13C data can separate microbial from fossil methane emissions much better than CH4 data alone, and at smaller scales this ability is limited by the current δ13C measurement coverage. Finally, we find that the largest uncertainty in using δ13C data to separate different methane source types comes from our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, specifically the distribution of tropospheric chlorine and the isotopic discrimination of the methane sink.


Poly 4-aminobutyric acid modified carbon nanotube-doped carbon paste electrode(P-4-ABA/CNTPE)was constructed by electropolymerizing 4-ABA.Voltammetric behavior of dopamine(DA)was investigated at the modified electrode.In Britton-Robinson(BR)buffer solution(pH 2.0),DA has a pair of sensitive redox peak at the modified electrode,and the oxidation peak current was linearly increased with the concentration of DA in the range of 8.0×10-5 mol/L~5.3×10-7 mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.0×10-7 mol/L.The modified electrode exhibited good repeatability,stability and avoided the interference of ascorbic acid(AA)and uric acid(UA).This method was used for the determination of DA in a DA hydrochloride injection and human urine samples with satisfactory results.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE WITH A BREAKDOWN ARTIFICIAL ASSISTANCE DEVICE VOLUME INSPIRATORY. A UNIT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THAT INCLUDES 4 SENSOR FLOW OF INSPIRATION, A MEMBER OF 17 VOLUME ADJUSTMENT CURRENT MINIMUM SPONTANEOUS, CONNECTED TO A COMPUTER 16 SENSOR AND fLOW OF INSPIRATION 4 THE BODY 17 ADJUSTING THE VOLUME CURRENT MINIMUM SPONTANEOUS AND GENERATOR PRESSURE INCREASING 9-13 CONNECTS THE REFERENCE ROOM OF 1A DEMAND VALVE 1, SO THAT THE COMPUTER CONTROL 16 COMMISSIONING PRESSURE GENERATOR 9-13 GROWING IN CALCULATING THE VOLUME CURRENT INSPIRE FROM THE EXTENT PROVIDED BY SENSOR 4 OF FLOW OF INSPIRATION AND COMPARING THIS VALUE VOLUME CURRENT INSPIRE WITH dISPLAYED VALUE THROUGH ORGAN 17 ADJUSTING THE VOLUME CURRENT MINIMUM SPONTANEOUS.


The nature of the firm-stakeholder relationship is gaining increasing attention. Although the literature recognizes stakeholder dynamism may exist, most prior work treats relevant stakeholders or t...


A simple, economical, precise, reliable and reproducible visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Doxorubicin HCl (DXR) in bulk as well as in parenteral formulation. The developed method was based on the formation of a yellow color complex between DXR and Bromo Thymol Blue (BTB) in the presence of Phosphate buffer which shows maximum absorption at 414 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range 10-50 µg/mL. The different experimental parameters effecting the development and stability were studied carefully and optimized. A result of analysis for the method was validated statistically and recovery studies were also performed.


I'm very pleased to be here today to discuss "Antitrust and International Competitiveness in the 1990s." When Paul Victor sent me the program, and I saw that I was billed as presenting "The Bush Administration's View," I was a little taken aback. I've been part of the Bush Administration for only about seven weeks. To speak so soon on behalf of it on this topic is a bit of a challenge, especially since promoting international competitiveness is such a high and visible priority for everyone in the Administration. As all of you well know, however, that won't stop me from making some comments.


The central focus of this study was to evaluate primiparous mothers' knowledge about parenting and child development throughout the first year of life of their children. Participants were 109 primiparous mothers, aged 18 years or older, living in Itajai (Santa Catarina), with a child aged 1-12 months. The KIDI (Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory) was employed to evaluate mothers' conceptions of infant development and the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Socioeconomic Status was used to evaluate the socioeconomic level of mothers' and their families'. Through statistical analysis it was verified that mothers' educational attainment and occupation correlated significantly with their knowledge on parenting and child development. The study revealed that mothers had more knowledge about parenting (beliefs, strategies and practices of the parents) when compared with other types of knowledge. The study concluded that the mothers' socioeconomic level is an important factor related to their knowledge about the child


The advantages of nondestructive ultrasonic methods for monitoring and speeding process reactions, measuring fluid flow, tomographic imaging etc., open up many applications for the methods in the process industries. This article represents an overview of an IEE colloquium on 'Ultrasound in the process industry' held on 23rd September 1993.


A series of HZSM-5 catalysts modified with various loadings of aluminum fluoride (AlF3) were prepared from a mechanical mixture route. Combined characterizations of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 27Al, 29Si, 19F MAS NMR, N2 sorption, and NH3-tempeature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) techniques show that the structure, texture, and acidity of HZSM-5 catalysts can be adjusted with the loading of AlF3. A suitable amount of AlF3 modification (2 wt %) could increase the framework aluminum content and the surface area of HZSM-5. However, when the loading of AlF3 came to 3 wt % or more, the contrary results were obtained, which could be ascribed to the dealumination of the zeolitic framework. The catalytic activities for dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) show that suitable amount of AlF3-modified HZSM-5 exhibited much higher activity and better stability than parent HZSM-5. The combination of "tunable" synthesis and "superior" properties is very much valuable in the academi...


Obra ressenyada: Roger BOASE, Secrets of Pinar's Game. Court Ladies and Courtly Verse in Fifteenth-Century Spain. Leiden y Boston: Brill, 2017.


Within the field of public artworks, there are some of us who identify ourselves as "community artists." The self-chosen emphasis on "community-based," rather than merely "public" work, reflects a series of choices about how the artist conceives of public space, of the nature of the artist, and the locus of creativity and authenticity of works of art.In 1986 my partner, Jon Pounds, and I were approached about the possibility of doing a mural for the Mifflin Street Community Cooperative, in Madison, Wisconsin. My first reaction was to wonder aloud if the Co-op had any idea of how expensive and time-consuming a cooperative mural could be in 1988. The "Hey, l've-got-an-idea—let's-get-a-lot-of-teens-together-and-paint-a-mural-on-Saturday" spirit has made it difficult to explain the complexity, commitment, and costs that are required of artists and community in creating more sophisticated community murals. Yet Norm Stockwell, a Co-op staffer, assured us of the Co-op's interest and level of support, and so we b...


Abstract The author provides an update on the current continuing medical education (CME) cycle, which began on January 1, 2010, and will end on December 31, 2012. The author also details minor changes to the requirements for Category 1 CME sponsors accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and describes new online CME opportunities to be used as a pilot program. The current article includes an update on the final action approved by the AOA Board of Trustees regarding the Education Policy and Procedure Review Committee III recommendation relating to the AOA CME program. In addition, the article contains an update to assist osteopathic specialists and subspecialists in requesting AOA Category 1-A credit for American Medical Association Physician Recognition Award Category 1 courses.


This study aims to test the impact of implementing Good School Governance on the effectiveness of school operational assistance fund management, focusing on SDI Wachid Hasyim Rungkut Kidul, Surabaya. The research method used is a quantitative research approach with a causal associative method, gathering primary data through questionnaires completed by 90 respondents as the research sample, selected using a method called disproportionate random sampling. In this study, a multiple linear regression analysis is performed using SPSS version 23 software to determine the partial influence of the 6 principles of Good School Governance on the effectiveness of School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) management. The study's findings show that, individually, the principles of Transparency, Accountability, Independence, Fairness, Participation, and Consensus Orientation do not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) management.


Response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied for modeling and optimization in utilization of vacuum membrane distillation on Lithium Bromide-water absorption refrigeration system (ARS). The effect of the operational parameter is initial feed concentration, feed inlet tempera- ture, feed flow rate and interaction on the permeate flux. The developed model has been statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further used to predict the permeate flux. The results for the given factors is a saddle point one, which meant for the range given, there is no optimal value. This saddle point parameter is outside the data range which is concentration of 45.339 %, feed temperature at 62.934°C and flow rate 1.476 L.min-1 while its predicted flux value is 100.392 g.m-2.s-1. `


This study examined the role of ionotropic excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors for regulating gill‐related respiratory rhythm in the bullfrog brainstem. Our objective was to 'map' the sites responsible for generating rhythmic gill burst activity by microinjection of the EAA agonist DL‐Homocysteic Acid (DLH). We used an in vitro brainstem preparation from pre‐metamorphic tadpoles (N=8; T‐K stages 8–16) that was superfused with oxygenated artificial CSF (20–22 °C) and generated spontaneous respiratory motor output measured by suction electrodes attached to cranial nerves (CN) V, X and XII. Pressure injections of small volumes (2–4 nL) of DLH in glass micropipettes were made in 7 locations from the rostral margin of CN V to the caudal margin of CN XII, lateral to the midline and at depths from 100 to 400 microns. DLH produced both inhibitory and excitatory responses. Inhibitory responses were largely confined to an area delineated by the extent of CN VII whereas excitatory responses, consisting of increases in respiratory frequency and burst amplitude, occurred in areas defined by the caudal margin of CN VIII to the rostral margin of CN XII and at most depths examined. These results indicate that EAAs have a widespread influence on gill burst activity in pre‐metamorphic bullfrogs that is not confined to a localized area of the brainstem. Supported by NIH SO6 GM48135.


This study examined symptom‐based subgroups of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and the extent to which they differed across key constructs of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).


Traditional high-throughput experiments increase the test efficiency by designing component gradient tests and other methods. This article intends to improve the traditional high-throughput experiments and proposes an experimental scheme combining nanoindentation technology and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Based on a new Ti-Mo-Al-Zr-Cr-Sn alloy, micro-region composition and corresponding performance at multiple indentations are directly characterized, including a series of different alloy compositions composed of 8 elements such as Mo, Al and the corresponding hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E). Then the principal analysis method in statistics, the theory of molybdenum equivalent and aluminum equivalent are used to process the obtained data, and a series of atlases such as "E-H-component characteristic parameters" and "E-H-alloy equivalents" are constructed, which has achieved high-throughput characterization of the relationship between composition and performance of titanium alloy. Related work can not only quickly determine the alloy composition range corresponding to high E and high H values, but also provide guidance for further optimization of titanium alloy composition design.


It contains algorithms developed in Matlab for the simulation of cancer detection, it has files taken from other sources for the development of the proposed algorithms, it contains graphs and images of the obtained results.


Summary: Newborn puppies were paired (n = 21 pairs) at birth, given gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day for 7 days and then 7.5 mg/kg/day) or saline intramuscularly (IM) and studied at 10, 20, or 30 days of age. Peak gentamicin concentrations correlated neither with total body water nor extracellular fluid volume. The ratio of outer/inner cortical gentamicin concentrations increased with therapy (n = 0.579; P < 0.01). Pathologic changes in proximal tubular cells of superficial and juxtamedullary cortices corresponded to tissue accumulation of gentamicin. Inulin clearance was lower but not statistically different in gentamicin puppies at 20 and 30 days, but tubular reabsorption of phosphate was lower at 30 days (P < 0.02). Plasma creatinine decreased during the first month of life in both control and gentamicin puppies (n = −0.370; P < 0.02) and was not different between puppies even at 20 and 30 days when tubular damage was marked. No differences in urine sediment, osmolarity, glucose, and protein concentrations were noted between paired animals. Mean values of gentamicin half-life in gentamicin (control) puppies decreased from 80.3 (84.0) min at 10 days to 45.3 (50.3) min at 20 days, but increased to 61.0 (40.0; P < 0.05) min at 30 days. Similar studies in older puppies and adult animals given gentamicin resulted in an increase in plasma creatinine and gentamicin half-life within 10 days. Results of these studies confirmed that gentamicin nephrotoxicity occurred within 10 days in puppies treated from birth. The relative tolerance of the neonatal puppy to the toxic effects of gentamicin was attributed to the distribution of renal blood flow predominantly to juxtamedullar nephrons at birth which spared superficial nephrons from gentamicin accumulation and toxicity until renal blood flow was redistributed to the outer cortex and filtration in superficial nephrons began after the first wk of life.Speculation: The relative tolerance of the neonate to the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin and perhaps other aminoglycosides can be explained by the distribution of renal blood flow during development. Nephrons in the juxtamedullary cortex of the neonate receive a major fraction of renal blood flow initially and manifest gentamicin toxicity earlier than do nephrons in the outer cortex. Any impairment to nephron function in the inner cortex of the neonatal kidney during 7 to 10 days of gentamicin therapy would be offset by the successive contribution of more superficial nephrons to overall renal function. Once filtration has begun in all nephrons, gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the infant is comparable to the adult.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of breed and other factors (age, sex and season) on copper (Cu) accumulation by calves reared in a region in north-west Spain where pig slurry is widely used for slurry fertilization, and where cattle typically have hepatic Cu concentrations above the generally accepted safe-adequate levels. In December 2000 and August 2001, paired liver and blood samples were obtained at slaughter from 532 male and female Galician Blond, Holstein-Friesian and Galician Blond×Holstein-Friesian calves, aged between 6 and 10 months, from 434 different farms. Samples were acid-digested and Cu concentrations determined by ICP-OES. Holstein-Friesian calves showed significantly higher mean Cu concentrations both in the liver (80·6 mg/kg fresh weight) and blood (0·891 mg/l) than Galician Blond calves (50·4 mg/kg and 0·748 mg/l respectively) and crosses between the two breeds (61·3 mg/kg and 0·829 mg/l respectively). Holstein-Friesian was the breed with the highest percentage (42%) of calves with hepatic Cu concentrations above safe-adequate levels (25 to 100 mg/kg fresh weight) and Galician Blond the breed with the highest proportion (29%) of hypocupraemia during the winter sampling. Considering all breeds, hepatic Cu levels were higher in males (63·8 mg/kg) than in females (53·5 mg/kg) and significantly increased with age in summer. A significant three-way breed×sex×age interaction was observed for liver Cu but this may be attributable to the small number of animals in some groups, having a confounding effect on the analysis. A significant sex×age×season interaction was also observed which could indicate greater male dominance in summer, so that they consume more forage (and thus more Cu) than females. Calves slaughtered in winter showed significantly lower mean blood Cu concentration (0·703 mg/l) than calves slaughtered in summer (0·940 mg/l).


The food industry has discovered that oleosomes are beneficial as carriers of bioactive ingredients. Oleosomes are subcellular oil droplets typically found in plant seeds. Within seeds, they exist as pre-emulsified oil high in unsaturated fatty acids, stabilised by a monolayer of phospholipids and proteins, called oleosins. Oleosins are anchored into the oil core with a hydrophobic domain, while the hydrophilic domains remain on the oleosome surface. To preserve the nutritional value of the oil and the function of oleosomes, microencapsulation by means of spray drying is a promising technique. For the microencapsulation of oleosomes, maltodextrin was used. To achieve a high oil encapsulation efficiency, optimal process parameters needed to be established. In order to better understand the mechanisms of drying behind powder formation and the associated powder properties, the findings obtained using different microscopic and spectroscopic measurements were correlated with each other. By doing this, it was found that spray drying of pure oleosome emulsions resulted in excessive component segregation and thus in a poor encapsulation efficiency. With the addition of maltodextrin, the oil encapsulation efficiency was significantly improved.


Recent advances in our understanding of developmental phenomena has come from highly interdisciplinary studies where molecular biology, ecology and evolution converge to elucidate fundamental mechanisms, how they change through time, and what function they actually have in the context of the niche of the organism. A recent study on butterfly eyespots(1) pinpoints the surprisingly simple regulatory cascade controlling such an apparently complex phenotype. The implications go beyond the elucidation of a fascinating developmental pathway, into the mechanisms and tempo of speciation and macroevolution.