'1 The calcuhttion of the binding energy of the nucleus H ~, the lriion, cat~ only be dime mmmrically, and even t then it is a quite complicated problem, involving "x large t number of thre(>dimensional integrations and the lo• cation of the minhnum of a function of a large number of Ivariables. Because of the linfited time during which the ~lactual coding eould be carried out (two months in New i York), it was decided to use likmTaAN rather than a coding scheme closer to the basic machine language of the IBM '704, such as SAP. Indeed, a quick reading of the t) 'o,rraix manual and some comments from F()[¢TI~AN users indicated that FOaTICaX would save both time and effort and would be a generally satisfactory scheme to use for this problem. Actual experience with l:O1tTmtX coding on this problem, however, has converted Paul into Saul: if a similar problem should come up again, the author would be vet T reluctant indeed to use I[ORTRAN. It is the purpose of this paper to comment on the features of compilers it, general, and FOaTnaX in partitular, that a r t required by the advanced coder. I t is the ~mthor's helief that no satisfactory scheme exists at present, with the possible exception of the English AUTOCOD~. The )eason for this lack is not tha t a satisfactory compiler is hard to write. On the contraw, it would be much easier to write than FoaT:[U~x. l lather, it has not been writ ten ~because the logical and physical requirements of a saris!factory compiler for advanced coders have not been studied to a sufl-icient extent. Although this paper contains some negative comments on I"oa'raAx, they arc not meant to disparage the very real achievement represented by FORTRAN. FORTRAN WaS a fionecr efforl, well ahead of other compilers, and is very


Dental disease is the major mouth disorder of horses and it is of great importance for the equine veterinary practice. The most common equine mouth disease is the development of acute dental overgrowth causing lacerations of the cheeks and tongue during mastication, avoiding the normal lateral functioning of the jaw. Compared with the molars, the disorders of the incisors are rare and can be easily visualized , even if they are minor problems. The impact of genetic and environmental factors could lead to abnormal development of the teeth and contribute to the deterioration of the eruption. Periodontal pathologies include inflammation dystrophy and malignant abnormalities. Usually these injuries are beginning particularly in the interproximal area of teeth and jaw spaces flows are the most affected. The most frequent odontogenic tumors are ameloblastoma, ameloblastic odontoma and cementoma. Unfortunately, the oral examination conducted by most equine veterinarians only consist in separat ing the lips, to note the incisors and place a finger on the cheek to feel tips upon the first upper cheek teeth. This type of examination detects only a small percentage of diseases, threatening not only the oral health of horses but the animal life. The treatments most commonly performed in equine dentistry are prophylaxis, procedures filing and restorations of the teeth. Other therapeutic alternatives are made less frequently because of the complexity and cost of the procedures. To achieve adequate prevention , a detailed evaluation is needed , periodical examination of the oral cavity on equine on training , for hipic activity , jumping, rodeo, pole, endure and training, it is also recommended at least two treatment per year.


Fault localization in power supply networks is a central and important task for network operators. In this context, earth faults form a significant proportion of faults in distribution networks. In solidly grounded or isolated networks, reliable detection and localization of the fault is already state of the art. Fault direction detection of single-pole faults in compensated networks, especially in overhead line networks, poses challenges for network operators. In many cases, the overhead line indicators used in overhead line networks do not detect the voltage with sufficient accuracy to determine unambiguous fault directions. In this paper, the influence of climate, especially humidity, on a voltage measurement method for overhead line indicators is analyzed. Extensive climate chamber measurements are performed, which form the basis for the development of a simulation model to simulate the influence of humidity. The theoretical model explains the physical influences of humidity on the voltage measurement of overhead line indicators. With this knowledge recommendations for the design of overhead line indicators with lower susceptibility to interference in the presence of moisture may be optimized.


The state feedback predictive control algorithms with mixed constraints have been derived, and the relations between the stability of the closed loop predictive control system and the feasibility of predictive control optimization are analysed. Also some technical solutions with compater simulation examples are presented.


New features came out in ideology and behavior for college students under the network age,because the social development and changes in living environment,and the credit education became the keystone of moral education.The countermeasures of credit education were brought forward under the network age,through in-depth analysis of the Credibility issue for post 90s college students,With a view to provide effective references for credit education of college students.


A thick flowing layer of liquid (e.g., flibe-a molten salt, or Sn{sub 80}Li{sub 20}--a liquid metal) protects the structural walls of the magnetic fusion configuration so that they can last the life of the plant even with intense 14 MeV neutron bombardment from the D-T fusion reaction, The surface temperature of the liquid rises as it passes from the inlet nozzles to the exit nozzles due to absorption of line and bremsstrahlung radiation, and neutrons. The surface temperature can be reduced by enhanced turbulent convection of hot surface liquid into the cooler interior. This surface temperature is affected by the temperature of liquid from a heat transport and energy recovery system. The evaporative flux from the wall driven by the surface temperature must also result in an acceptable impurity level in the core plasma. The shielding of the core by the edge plasma is modeled with a 2D-transport code for the DT and impurity ions; these impurity ions are either swept out to the divertor, or diffuse to the hot plasma core. An auxiliary plasma between the edge plasma and the liquid wall may further attenuate evaporating flux of atoms and molecules by ionization near the wall.


A frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is presented. It is found that the incorporation of a U-slot in the patch can provide a flat input resistance and a linear input reactance across a wider bandwidth than the conventional patch antenna. By placing a variable capacitor and an inductor at the antenna input, the impedance matching frequency of the antenna can be varied. The fabricated prototype antenna attains a tunable frequency range from 2.6 to 3.35 GHz. The proposed antenna is simple in structure, and the control circuitry is placed underneath the ground plane. It is suitable for use in reducing the crosstalk from adjacent channels in multichannel system.


This paper describes the body function training theory and introduces body function training methods of gluteus maximus activation,dynamic tensile,nervous system activation and strength training by combined with the characteristics of rowing and a large number of pictures.


The global invasion, and subsequent spread and evolution of weeds provides unique opportunities to address fundamental questions in evolutionary and invasion ecology. Amaranthus palmeri is a widespread glyphosate‐resistant (GR) weed in the USA. Since 2015, GR populations of A. palmeri have been confirmed in South America, raising questions about introduction pathways and the importance of pre‐ vs. post‐invasion evolution of GR traits. We used RAD‐sequencing genotyping to characterize genetic structure of populations from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and the USA. We also quantified gene copy number of the glyphosate target, 5‐enolpyruvyl‐3‐shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS), and the presence of an extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) replicon known to confer glyphosate resistance in USA populations. Populations in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay were only weakly differentiated (pairwise FST ≤0.043) in comparison to USA populations (mean pairwise FST =0.161, range =0.068–0.258), suggesting a single major invasion event. However, elevated EPSPS copy number and the EPSPS replicon were identified in all populations from Brazil and Uruguay, but only in a single Argentinean population. These observations are consistent with independent in situ evolution of glyphosate resistance in Argentina, followed by some limited recent migration of the eccDNA‐based mechanism from Brazil to Argentina. Taken together, our results are consistent with an initial introduction of A. palmeri into South America sometime before the 1980s, and local evolution of GR in Argentina, followed by a secondary invasion of GR A. palmeri with the unique eccDNA‐based mechanism from the USA into Brazil and Uruguay during the 2010s.


Focusing on Anita Desai's collection Diamond Dust and Other Stories (2000), this article examines three short stories: "Diamond Dust – A Tragedy," "The Man Who Saw Himself Drown" and "The Rooftop Dwellers." Respectively borrowing from tragedy, the fantastic and the fairy tale, they use the generic malleability of the short story and entail a questioning of the hybrid nature of this literary genre. The notion of hybridity also resonates as a political strategy of ideological and formal subversion, and this article examines the possible link between the hybrid generic nature of those three texts, and the themes they explore – gender, otherness and Indian identity.


The diffusive Lotka–Volterra system arising in an enormous number of mathematical models in biology, physics, ecology, chemistry and society is under study. New Q-conditional (nonclassical) symmetries are derived and applied to search for exact solutions in an explicit form. A family of exact solutions is examined in detail in order to provide an application for describing the competition of two species in population dynamics. The results obtained are compared with those published earlier as well.


In order to meet the requirement of playing flash in embedded devices, a new design and implementation of flash player was proposed. It is suitable for memory and CPU constrained devices. Some methods that could improve the performance of the player were provided. This player has been used as a plug-in in an embedded browser.


In 2012, Danish authorities submitted a proposal to the European Chemical Agency restricting the content of hexavalent chromium to a maximum of 3 ppm in leather goods. Following its adoption, this proposal was implemented in 2015 as a directive in the EU.


In this work, we propose a framework that derives the configuration of an artificial, compartmentalized, cell-like structure in order to maximize the yield of a desired output reactant given a form...


In this paper, we give some results on the intuitio nistic fuzzy implicative ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy positive implicative ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy commutative ideals.


Abstract Reproductive strategies for specific populations are closely related to environmental factors. Consequently, they are fundamental for conservation plans and the management of threatened habitats like salt marshes. From this viewpoint, germination strategy under different temperatures and salt conditions, voltammetric parameters and molecular analysis were performed and compared in six Halocnemum populations (four of H. cruciatum and two of H. strobilaceum) growing on Mediterranean (Balearic, Tyrrenic and Adriatic) and Red Sea coasts to establish the relation to environmental variables. Significant interpopulation differences were found in all the evaluated parameters. The Mediterranean populations showed a variable opportunistic germination strategy that was directly related to the drought period length at the studied sites. Consequently, potential environmental predictors of seed response were identified. The most noteworthy were bioclimate, soil texture, continentality index, winter temperatures and summer precipitations. Additionally, voltammetric parameters were evidenced as indicators of maternal plant stress levels and, thus, as potential determinants of future seed responses. The phylogenetic analyses showed a split into two species that did not correspond to germination response. The phylogeographic analyses showed interpopulation differences in haplotype composition for H. cruciatum, but not for H. strobilaceum. In conclusion, the tight connection between seed responses and the ecological parameters of natural populations as an adaptation for successful seedling emergence was proved regardless of its phylogenetic relations.


This paper points out the problems in existence through law analysis of public auction of flood-plain organized in some area. Of several rights relevant to alteration of land use lights, contractual management right is a useful form to take general use of flood-plain. It's necessary to regulate flood-plain reclamation phenomenon according to the Water Law, in order to realize the combination of ecological benefits and economic benefits.


Accurate and reliable prediction of polypropylene melt index is crucial in the control of propylene polymerization process,as well as in prompting the profit of the product.An optimization algorithm,the PSO_SA,based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA) is proposed,which uses the strength of PSO and SA to make up with the weaknesses of each other,and then the optimization capability and performance are improved.The PSO_SA is used to optimize the structure of the RBF neural network which is employed to predict the melt index of polypropylene.A research on the optimized model is carried out based on the data from a real plant and the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 0.75% in MRE.The result shows that the proposed approach has great prediction accuracy and reliability.


ABSTRACT The Pounamu Ultramafic Belt is an elongate zone of serpentinites and associated rocks within the Alpine Schist of north Westland, New Zealand. It includes metamorphosed pyroxenite–peridotite or boninite, gabbro and a breccia dominated by clasts of basalt and gabbro, overlain by pelagic sediments, a mid-Cretaceous tuff (108–105 Ma), and quartzofeldspathic turbidites with Cretaceous (< 105 Ma) detrital zircon minimum age populations. Rare earth element geochemistry indicates metabasites are similar to fractionated normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORBs), with minor enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB). However, because high field strength element concentrations of these metabasites are depleted relative to N-MORB, they have affinities to fore-arc magmas. The Pounamu ophiolite is likely, therefore, to have formed in a supra-subduction zone setting. Formation of oceanic crust and sedimentation during the Cretaceous is most likely in the re-entrant plate boundary zone between northwest and southeast Zealandia. Subsequent (c. 70 Ma) metamorphism occurred during accretion, subduction and interfolding of this exotic Pounamu Terrane with Rakaia Terrane-derived Otago Schist beneath western southeast Zealandia.


With growing population, availability of clean water for human use is becoming a great concern across the world. This paper implements modelling of RO-based desalination method to purify the surface water by a nonlinear fuzzy controller. The real-time experiment results are considered. Feed pump pressure and Flowrate, concentration and pH are taken as inputs. Outlet Pressure, Outlet Flowrate, Concentration of outlet and pH are taken as outputs for modelling. The model developed will ensure safe control and working of RO-desalination plant. For validation of performance of Fuzzy logic, the model is also compared with Output values from Neural Network.


The invention relates to a method for preparing liquid silicon rubber. The method comprises the following steps of: preparation of fumed silica, preparation of based glue, preparation of the liquid silicon rubber (a two-component mixing method), plate vulcanization (when in test) and the like. The method is simple and easily implemented; the prepared liquid silicon rubber has the characteristics of excellent quality and extremely high medical security or food security, and can be used as a packing for an artificial breast (breast augmentation). If the liquid silicon rubber is added into functional materials such as a conducting material, a heat conduction material, a wave guide material and the like, the liquid silicon rubber can be endowed with corresponding functions.


We show the applications of hyperbolic and parabolic subdiffusive equation with time fractional derivative to describe the transport process in membrane system and to study the subdiffusive impedance in electrochemical system. Based on solutions of the equations we find characteristic power functions which can be used to extract the subdiffusive parameters of the system from experimental data. To illustrate our considerations we find the values of subdiffusion parameters for a few media. Afiliation: Department of Radiological Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland, email@example.com Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świȩtokrzyska 15, 25406 Kielce, Poland. email@example.com


The History of Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia This contribution deals with history of Greek Catholic Church since 1818 till present time. It is concerned, among others, with history of the Eparchy of Prešov, with very long and very complicated way of its development. The most important event in the history of the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia was a visit of Holy Father John Paul II in Prešov and commemoration of bishop-martyr Pavol Peter Gojdiĉ.


We report the results of Raman measurements on p‐dichlorobenzene up to the pressure range of 80 kbar much higher than the limit of 20 kbar reached in the past. The ambient α phase remains stable up to 80 kbar when the pressure is changed rapidly (≊ every 2 hours). However, at the low pressure (≊ 5 kbar) it transforms to γ phase very slowly (after ≊ 16 hours) and continues to retain this phase till about 80 kbar. The Raman frequency variation with pressure does not show drastic change in value or slope, indicative of any further phase change.


ABSTRACT Repeat Transradial Access inDiagnostic Coronary Procedures Background: Transradial access has gained greater ac-ceptance and interest due to the lower incidence of bleedingand local vascular complications and greater comfort forthe patient. In centers where it is used as the preferredaccess, repeat transradial procedures are becoming routine.This study is aimed at assessing the safety, efficacy andlimitations of repeated procedures in the daily practice. Method: Consecutive patients undergoing diagnosticcoronary procedures using the transradial access wereincluded in a prospective registry. Those who used theradial access more than once (group I) were comparedwith those who used it at one time only (group II). Thesuccess of the technique, procedural and fluoroscopictimes, vascular complications and major adverse cardio-vascular events were evaluated. In addition, in group Iwe obtained the frequency, success and limitations in thenumber of repeated procedures. Results: From May 2008to December 2009, 232 patients with previous right trans-radial access underwent diagnostic coronary proceduresusing the same access route and were compared to 1,857patients who used it at one time only. The proceduresuccess rate (99.5% vs. 98.1%; P = 0.17), the proceduraltime (15.78 ± 6.8 min vs. 15.54 ± 7.7 min; P = 0.62) andfluoroscopic time (3.26 ± 3.01 min vs. 3.26 ± 2.42 min;P > 0.99) were similar between groups. The proceduresuccess rate did not differ among group I patients with > 2repetitions, when compared with those who used it at onetime only (99.2% vs. 100%; P = 0.99). In the late follow-upof group I patients, 602 procedures were carried out witha success rate of 98.9%, although there was a non-significantdecrease of the success rate after each repetition up tothe fourth procedure.


Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with a hallmark of functional dysconnectivity between numerous brain regions. With an implicit assumption of stationary brain interactions during the scanning period, most of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are conducted on static functional network connectivity (sFNC). Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) that explores temporal patterns of functional connectivity (FC) might provide additional information to its static counterpart. In this work, we first estimate latent features (called connectivity states) by applying k-means clustering on dFNC. Next, using the estimated latent features, we trained and tested a classifier, which can differentiate SZ from healthy control (HC) subjects with 71% accuracy. Using a feature selection method embedded in the classifier, we have highlighted the role of transition probabilities between states as potential biomarkers and identified the role of lightly modularized transient connectivity state in pulling healthy subjects out of both highly modularized and very disconnected states. This will offer some new understandings about the way the healthy brain shifts between the most and the least connected states of whole brain connectivity.


SUMMARY. 1, An apparatus has been described that is suitable for potentiometric measurement of carbon dioxide flux in photosynthesizing shoots of submerged aquatic macrophytes

2. The procedure, based on methods described by Tailing (1973) for measurement of phytoplankton photosynthesis, relies upon the continuous pH-statting of the solution surrounding the tissues. The pH of the solution is monitored by electrodes from a pH meter which is linked to an auto-titrator. The rise in pH during photosynthesis is then compensated tor by controlled, small titrant additions of CO2-ennched solution (titrant water). This replaces the CO2 removed by the tissues without affecting the total alkalinity of the solution. If the concentration of CO2 in the titrant water, and the volume of titrant added arc known precisely, the CO2 flux can be calculated.

3. Total alkalinity, total CO2 and free-CO2 acidity of the bathing solutions and titrant waters are estimated by Gran titrations and the pH: tilre-volume data pairs are analysed by computer to provide rapid data feed-back. A modification to Tailing's equation for calculation of F1functions has been necessary for accurate calibration of the CO2enriched tilrant water.

4. The photosynthesis cuvette, which is surrounded by a water-jacket, is approximately I dm3 in capacity and has six compartments for the shoots. An impeller at the base of the cuvette rapidly mixes and cycles the bathing solution and flushes it over the tissues.

5. Information on temperature, light flux density, oxygen concentration. pH and titre-volume is continuously recorded into a data-logger and is fed into a computer which is programmed for data analyses.

6. Results from a typical experiment show the system to be sound and the method has considerable potential, especially in the study of aquatic plant photosynthesis in natural waters.


Experimental methods based on magnetic resonance are among the most used techniques for investigating molecular and electronic structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is mostly applied to closed-shell molecules and can be used for structural research of matter in solid, liquid and gaseous form. The computation of NMR parameters, which are of a great interest not only in chemistry but also in biology and solid-state physics, presents severe analytical and numerical difficulties [Dickson & Ziegler (1996); Ditchfield (1974); Fukui et al. (2004); Helgaker et al. (1999); Ishida (2003); London (1937); Pople et al. (1968); Pyykko (1988); Schreckenbach & Ziegler (1995); Vaara (2007); Watson et al. (2004)]. The computation of NMR parameters for any of the standard models of quantum chemistry constitute an important challenge [Helgaker et al. (1999)]. Calculations involving a magnetic field should preserve gauge invariance. This is conveniently accomplished by using a gauge including atomic orbitals (GIAO) [London (1937)], which is based on atom-centered basis functions with an explicit field dependence. Magnetic properties are sensitive to the quality of the basis sets due to many contributing physical phenomena arising from both the vicinity of the nucleus and from the valence region. A good atomic orbital basis should decay exponentially for large distances [Agmon (1985)] and should also satisfy Kato's conditions for exact solutions of the appropriate Schrodinger equation [Kato (1957)]. Exponential type functions (ETFs) are better suited than Gaussian functions (GTFs) [Boys (1950a;b)] to represent electron wave functions near the nucleus and at long range. Among the ETFs, Slater type functions (STFs) [Slater (1932)], have a dominating position due to their simple analytic expression, but their multi-center integrals are extremely difficult to evaluate for polyatomic molecules, particularly bi-electronic terms. We note that many researchers hope that the next generation of ab initio programs will be based on the usage of ETFs. Indeed much effort is being made to develop efficient molecular algorithms for integrals over conventional ETFs (STFs or B functions) [Barnett (1990); Fernandez et al. (2001); Kutzelnigg (1988); Niehaus et al. (2008); Ozdogan & (Editors); Rico et al. (1998; 1999; 2001); Steinborn et al. (2000); Weatherford & Jones (1982)].


The Darboux tensor, symmetric covariant three-valent tensor Θ, was determined on two-dimensional surfaces with nonzero Gaussian curvature К ≠ 0 in Euclidean space E 3. The term Θ ≡ 0 is the characteristic condition of Daroux surfaces in E 3. The symmetric covariant three-valent tensor Θ( n) is determined on hypersurfaces F n (n ≥ 2) with nonzero Gaussian curvature К ≠ 0 in Euclidean space E n+1. If n = 2 then tensor Θ( n) is coincided with the Darboux tensor Θ: Θ( 2) ≡ Θ. Let V( n) be a set of hypersurfaces F n (n ≥ 2) with nonzero Gaussian curvature К = 0 in Euclidean spaces E n+1, on which the following condition holds Θ( n) ≡ 0. The set D( 2) becomes exhausted by Daroux surfaces in E 3. The properties of hypersurfaces F n ⊂ E n+1 from the set D( n) for n ≥ 2 are studied in this article. The necessary and sufficient conditions, for which hypersurface F n with nonzero Gaussian curvature К ≠ 0 in Euclidean space E n+1 belongs to the set D( n) (n ≥ 2), are derived. It was proved that hypersurface F n ⊂ E n+1 with nonzero Gaussian curvature К ≠ 0 belongs to the set D( n) (n ≥ 2) if and only if there exist coordinates of curvature (u 1,...,u n), in neighborhood O(x) ⊂ F n of every point x ∈F n, such that the following conditions hold: where k 1,..., k n are the principal curvatures F n, К = k 1 k 2...k n is Gaussian curvature of F n, ψ(і)(u i) ≠ 0, i = 1¯,n¯, are certain functions. It was proved that every cyclic recurrent hypersurface F n ⊂ E n+1 with nonzero Gaussian curvature К ≠ 0 belongs to the set D( n) (n ≥ 2). The characteristic property of hypersphere S n ⊂ E n+1 was derived. It was proved that connected complete hypersurface F n of constant positive Gaussian curvature К = const > 0 in Euclidean space E n+1, belonging to the set D( n) (n ≥ 2), is sphere S n ⊂ E n+1.


The basic principles of superconducting tunneling junction (STJ) detectors are summarized and the state of the art in experimental and simulation work involving STJ detectors is briefly examined. Astrophysical applications of STJ detectors are briefly addressed.


By the vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, five isozymes (LDH, MDH, ME, POD, EST) from several tissues (brain, heart, muscle, kidney, gonad, liver, blood, spleen, pancreas) of R achycentron canadum were studied, the results showed that all isozymes presented tissue specificity. These specificities were related to their special physiological function. Compared with other teleosts, the isozymic phenotypes of R. canadum were much simple with, which may be related to its generic diversity.


This paper discusses the use of information on accidents and near-misses to improve HSE performance and reduce losses in Exploration and Production activities. Incidents are considered a result of management system failure. To avoid incidents and recurrence of incidents, companies should adopt an integrated HSE Management System and software especially designed for recording, analyzing and following up events. The E&P Forum has issued guidelines to support current company HSE Management systems and practices. Concurrently, the Synergi Project has been established to facilitate experience transfer and effective handling of incidents as part of an integrated HSE Management System. The paper describes how important it is to learn from past mistakes, to have a management system which facilitates the implementation of the required corrective action, and that tools for improved loss control are available.


The human population is rapidly growing and thus expanding to greater areas, industrial and agricultural activity is growing. This explosion has led to contamination of vast quantities at the earth's soil and ground water resources with hazardous chemicals. A result of this, an inestimable amount of terrestrial and aquatic environments on Earth is contaminated. The risk to human and environmental health is rising and studies reveal that these pollutants are contributing to the global epidemic of cancer, and other degenerative diseases. In controlling these risks, the idea of bioremediation has become popular. Basically bioremediation techniques obliterate pollutants by stimulating the growth of microorganisms, using the contaminants as a food and energy source. Bioremediation is a branch of technology which deals with the methods of solving the environmental problems. Bioremediation technology has made it possible to decontaminate soil and groundwater and has helped us clean up our oceans after oil spills and other environmental disasters. It is a treatment that has naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances. Bioremediation provides a technology based on use of living organisms like bacteria, microbes, plants and fungi to remove pollutants from soil and water. The scope of environmental bioremediation extends to inorganics viz., Arsenic, Mercury, Chromium, Fluoride, Cyanide, abandoned mines, fly ash disposed sites, engineered phytotreatment technologies, biological permeable barriers; and organics viz., petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides and explosives. Abstract: Increased industrial and agricultural activity has led to vast quantities at the earth's soil and ground water resources are contaminated with hazardous chemicals. The risk to human and environmental health is rising and studies reveal that these pollutants are contributing to the global epidemic of cancer, and other degenerative diseases. In controlling these risks, the idea of bioremediation has become popular. Bioremediation is a branch of technology which deals with the methods of solving the environmental problems. It is a treatment that has naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances and is cost effective than other technologies used for cleanup of hazardous waste. Bioremediation provides a technology based on use of living organisms like bacteria and fungi to remove pollutants from soil and water. The developed countries like UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan and European countries made much progress in using bioremediation. This review focuses on bioremediation techniques/types of living organism used in controlling environmental pollutioninorganic and organic using phytoremediation (plants), mycoremediation (fungi) and rhizoremediation (plant and microbe interaction) in reference to two methods of bioremediation viz., in situ bioremediation and ex situ bioremediation. The present study tries to evaluate how effectively bioremediation is carried out in India.


Strain measurements could be utilized in monitoring human bodily functions and movements. Cost effective and low maintenance wearable sensors are needed in this field. The goal of this paper was to produce wearable strain sensors based on UHF RFID technology and the behavior of the materials which were utilized in prototypes. Two tag geometries were compared. Polymer thick film silver ink was used as the conductive medium. The tags were fabricated by screen printing the ink on stretchable PVC and on fabric substrates. Performance of the tags and the effect of mechanical straining on tag functioning was examined. The prototypes tolerated large strain levels. The results showed that the behavior of the UHF RFID tag strain sensor is dependent on the material behavior under strain as well as the tag antenna geometry. These offer various possibilities in strain measuring.


Clustering is popular used in customer value segmentation in business research. Compared with other clustering methods, the objective clustering analysis can automatically and objectively determine the number of clusters and find out the optimal clustering scheme. This investigation discussed the reasonable evaluation system of value-driven customer segmentation, identified customer behavior using a recency, frequency and monetary(RFM) index and customer basic properties as integrated variables, and then, presented a novel approach-objective clustering analysis that be used in value-based customer segmentation. The shortcoming of the extra criterion was appraised by its algorithm. The new criterion is followed and be used in segmentation. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, this work performs an empirical study of a standard datasets of a book club to segment its customers. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can more effectively target clustering groups than the former one.


Abstract : Current U.S. policy supports quality of life improvements for the well-being of the military and their family members. In spite of strong words of support by senior leaders, military policies seem to be failing. Many soldiers are leaving the Army for other careers owing in part to the inadequacy of family support programs and quality of life factors. This strategic research project addresses recent concerns expressed by soldiers and family members about quality of life and Army well-being. Most noteworthy, this paper examines two Army family programs that are of paramount concern to commanders, soldiers, and their spouses: Child Development Services and Youth Services, both components of Army Child and Youth Services. Issues regarding these programs include: increasing access to child care and improving Youth Services outreach efforts to Army adolescents. These two areas are examined in terms of significance, issues, and recommendations of how to improve these critical Army family programs.


The Seyfert I galaxy NGC 4051 was observed with the Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite Ginga in 1988 May. Fast variability of a factor of 2-3 within 1000 s is confirmed in the soft X-ray band (2.3-6.4 keV), and that of smaller amplitude within a few thousand seconds in the hard X-ray band (8.7-20.9 keV). A single power-law model cannot explain all the observed energy spectra. A blob model with intrinsically almost constant photon index of Γ = 1.9-2.0 is successfully applied to all the spectra


Abstract : Malaria is the primary infectious disease threat facing the U.S. solider, and is the leading cause of all casualties during tropical deployments. The long-term objective of this project is to identify and prepare the malaria parasite forms causing severe anemia, and then apply functional genomics and bioinformatics tools to identify 15 to 30 proteins that could form the basis for an effective vaccine at both the pre-erythrocytic and blood stages of malaria infection. The project will then evaluate these lead candidates for their recognition by sera collected from immune individuals, in order to identify the leading 3 to 5 candidates for a blood stage vaccine that prevents severe malarial anemia.


I am pleased that Jaime Caro and Krista Payne have kept this discussion alive, thus allowing me to explain my position at greater length.[1][1],[2][2] The objective of scientific research is to minimize bias as much as possible, which is why the double-blind randomized trial is the gold standard. In


A simple, new technique (the direct linear plot) for predicting steady‐state serum phenytoin concentrations is described. Although no calculations are required, reliable estimates (comparable with those derived by computer) of the Michaelis‐Menten parameters can be readily determined and used graphically to predict the individualized dose required to achieve a desired serum concentration.


Diagnostic reference levels appropriate to the peculiar conditions of exposure in CT have already been specified in relation to examinations on adult patients, utilising the dosimetric concepts of weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDI w ) per slice in serial scanning or per rotation in helical scanning, and dose-length product (DLP) per complete examination. This methodology can also be applied to CT examinations on children, with reference dosimetry for all types of examination on children of all ages being based solely on measurements involving the smaller (16 cm diameter) of the two standard CT dosimetry phantoms. Some initial diagnostic reference levels for paediatric CT have been set on the basis of the rounded third quartiles of the dose distributions provided by a survey of typical practice at over 40 scanners from seven European countries. Values are presented in relation to three patient ages (<1 year, 5 y and 10 y) and five types of procedure.


This paper introduces the background of progressive collapse and the nature of explosive blast loading. It also presents a blast-related analytical approach, such as computational fluid-dynamic nonlinear continuum modeling. Three analyses were done to observe the effect of explosive standoff distance and column boundary condition on column behavior under a blast loading. This study invokes the need of cautious and various analyses for blast-induced progressive collapse prevention in steel frame structures in the future.


The calculation of parameters of electromechanical converter of a multimodule structure with a common hollow massive rotor was submitted. The structure of high-performance electromechanical converter was shown, which includes not only the elements that perform the basic functions of energy conversion of one type into another and provide biomass being processed by fractional, formative and humidity parameters, but also implements a number of related physical and chemical effects to give new properties of biomass and increase the commercial value of the product. Since the material being processed is simultaneously a load-cooling material, the heat transfer and mechanical loading of the brake and motor module are interrelated. Results of industrial tests of the converter are presented. Comparison of experimental and calculated parameters and characteristics as a whole show good convergence of the results.


A Simplified Optimal Scheduling (SOS) scheme for network coded wireless multicast is studied in this paper. Specifically, a complexity reduction method proposed to make the existing algorithms more practical. Our objective is to remove redundancy while maintaining the maximum throughput. We formulate it as a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) problem and propose a network coding based packet scheduling scheme that finds the optimal solution. Finally, the simulation results corroborate our method.


Channel impulse response (CIR) datasets, which represent the characteristics of wireless channels, play a vital role in industrial applications. Unfortunately, systematic errors have been discovered within CIR datasets. These errors have undesirable effects in wireless localization, physical layer security, and related applications. In addition, existing CIR calibration methods do not consider applicability to industrial scenarios. To address this concern, two channel sounder error calibration (CSEC) methods are proposed. The first CSEC method based on phase compensation (CSEC-Phase) extracts the direct path signal to estimate errors to avoid interference from rich multipath signals for stationary measurements in complex industrial environments. Moreover, to solve the problem of the inability to estimate the CIR error in mobile measurements due to the rapid dynamic change of the channel, a second CSEC method based on carrier frequency recovery (CSEC-Frequency) is proposed that extracts the frequency offset of the system clock to compensate for systematic error utilizing the stability of clock drift. Furthermore, the L1-norm distance metric is employed to measure the differences between CIRs and evaluate the calibration performance. Our results reveal that the proposed CSEC methods are effective on diverse CIR datasets measured by different11The MATLAB code of the CSEC methods has been shared on GitHub: https://github.com/QiWang-GH/Industrial-Wireless-Channel-Sounding-Error-Calibration-IW-CSEC. equipment in different scenarios.


: One of the most important causes of the Cold War was the misunderstanding which occurred among the Soviet Union and the United States concerning to the new world order, following World War II. This study investigates some aspects of the Soviet perception of world affairs in the early Cold War, trying to identify some of the main elements of the Soviet perception. Ideology played an important part in this enmity, as Marxism-Leninism advocated the irreconcilable hostility of the capitalist world regarding the first Socialist country. Also, the American refusal to accept a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe amplified the ideological susceptibility.


The observed sub-MeV radiation from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arises most likely from synchrotron emission of a relativistic shock. We estimate the magnetic field strength and the Lorentz factor of accelerated electrons required by the synchrotron mechanism. We find that these values are furthermore sufficient to cause significant emission due to inverse Compton scattering. The Comptonized photons typically have energies well above 1 TeV, so that they are strongly absorbed by infrared background radiation and cannot be observed from a source at cosmological distance. On the other hand, the ultra-high energy radiation may be absorbed in the close vicinity of the source due to interaction with ultraviolet and soft X-ray quanta originating from the same source and scattered in the ambient medium. In this case, almost all the energy initially contained in ultra-high energy radiation is reprocessed into a softer spectral range corresponding to the two-photon absorption threshold. Both the presence and the absenc...


The criterion"six types of poems Losing selection"put forward by QIAN Zhong -shu represents his profound knowledge of literature characteristics: Literature works must own aesthetic value,otherwise it will lose its existing value.The aesthetic value must be peculiar and full of creativity,perfact and harmonious, able to experience historical examination,having eternal artistic charm . The viewpoints show that Mr Qian is not only selecting poems , but also inguiring into the criterion of literary criticism,reflecting his thought of aesthetics that always takes the artistic analysis of works as the core as well as his methods of doing scholarly research that unify history and logic,feeling and dialectics.


Market efficiency implies stock prices fully reflect all publicly available information instantaneously and, thus, no investment strategies can systematically earn abnormal returns. However, market efficiency per se is not testable. In order to analyze whether a stock market is efficient we have to test the joint hypothesis which refers fact that testing for market efficiency necessary involves asset pricing models. Then, we can compare real returns with expected returns predicted by a specific pricing model. In this context, the purpose of this study is to analyze whether the BOVESPA is an efficient market or, by contrast, it is possible to obtain abnormal returns employing the Capital Asset Pricing Model. To that end, we employ an intuitive trading rule based on purchasing exclusively those shares that are considered undervalued by the CAPM and compare it with the passive strategy of purchasing all shares that are members of the selective market index. Finally, our results are consistent with market efficiency as well as with the CAPM.


1) Setting robust long-term performance targets has been difficult in this uncertain environment. As a result, following consultation with our larger shareholders and shareholder protection bodies, the Remuneration Committee made a change to the easyJet Long Term Incentive Plan's performance measures for awards during the year ended 30 September 2009. The change supported our strategy of creating sustainable returns for our shareholders over the long-term but recognised the unusual short-term challenges that required effective management at the time of the awards.


Clinging to dead ideas about teaching and learning limits our practice as professors. The resulting tyranny means we fail to educate our students as effectively as we might. This address challenges faculty to reconsider their understanding and habits in three areas: the preparedness of students, the impact of grading policies on learning motivation, and the role of technology in teaching. The good news is that learned behaviors, sociologically informed reflection, and the application of the research in the scholarship of teaching and learning can liberate us and improve the experiences of teachers and learners alike.


The Pharmacy Certified Techni cian (PCT) examination is a con tent-valid evaluation according to a recently completed validation analysis conducted by Dr. J. Kevin Ford and Miguel A. Quinones of the Industrial/Organi zational Psychology Department at Michigan State University. The study compared the con tent of the examination to the knowledge needed to perform the functions delegated by pharma cists to technicians. According to the researchers, the amount of overlap indicates that the exami nation covers knowledge that was found to be important to perform ing the skills required of a phar macy technician. The study also determined that the PCT exami nation does not favor one type of pharmacy setting over another. The Michigan Pharmacists As sociation was the first pharma cists' association in the country to recognize and encourage the use of pharmacy technicians through a certification process. Nearly 2000 technicians have earned the PCT designation since the incep tion of the Pharmacy Certified Technician program in 1981. Michigan is now positioned to ex pand the PCT program through li censing agreements with other state pharmacy associations. The PCT examination is admin istered by a Board of Examiners appointed by the Executive Board of the Michigan Pharmacists As sociation. The Board of Examin ers also periodically updates the examination and oversees the publication of The Pharmacy Cer tified Technician Training Manual. FDA Reviews New Zidovudine Data


Colorectal cancer (CRC); is the most common malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. CRC is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. CRC is the third most common cancer-related death in both men and women globally. The overall 5-year survival rate is 50% last decade (1975). Currently this rate is over 75-80%. In this case; early diagnosis, prevention and effective treatment methods were the main factors. Nowadays, Genetic Analysis test, Fecal Occult Blood testing and colonoscopy methods are used in screening. Genetic Analysis testing is the best method for the lead time. In addition, polypectomy was performed in precarious patients and was classified as preventable disease.


Commuter students represent a forgotten majority within today's student population. Their needs, more often than not, go virtually ignored. A noted expert explains why it is critical that this change and how it can be done.


The views on scientific development have exerted both specific and guiding roles for our country's de- velopment in higher education.It,thus,should be firmly established and implemented in our university's evaluative work.Under its guidance,we should improve the function of instructional assessment in order to facilitate a com- prehensive,coherence and sustainable development in the university.


The Ecological Footprint Model is a mechanism for measuring the environmental effects of operations at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico (SNL/NM). This analysis quantifies environmental impact associated with energy use, transportation, waste, land use, and water consumption at SNL/NM for fiscal year 2005 (FY05). Since SNL/NM's total ecological footprint (96,434 gha) is greater than the waste absorption capacity of its landholdings (338 gha), it created an ecological deficit of 96,096 gha. This deficit is equal to 886,470lha, or about 3,423 square miles of Pinyon-Juniper woodlands and desert grassland. 89% of the ecological footprint can be attributed to energy use, indicating that in order to mitigate environmental impact, efforts should be focused on energy efficiency, energy reduction, and the incorporation of additional renewable energy alternatives at SNL/NM.


The article is devoted to the study of the semantic field of migration and the corresponding circle of lexical notation. The main objective of the article is to discover those ideas about migration and migrants that are embodied in the lexical meanings of words, which are the main means of nominating these concepts and / or profiling their individual faces. To solve this problem, the author carried out the analysis of vocabulary denoting concepts related to the phenomenon of migration and made an attempt to comprehend the evolution of these concepts, to identify the dominant images and reactions caused by them. The analysis is carried out based on the material (1) of the dictionaries of the Russian language; (2) texts extracted from The Russian National Corpus and various Internet resources; (3) texts examined during the production of linguistic examinations in connection with the need to identify the presence or absence of signs of extremism. The article shows that in the ways of understanding migration, socio-political and extremist discourses reveal significant similarities at the deepest level, differing only in the degree of explicitness and the choice of lexical designations (more or less politically correct in the first case and "brutal" in the second case)


Abstract Data on mF , the average number of faces in cells adjacent to cells with F faces, obtained by Kumar, Kurtz, Banavas and Sharma in 1992 for a three-dimensional (3D) Poisson-Voronoi partition can be fitted to a linear relation with 1/F. This suggests that Aboav's rule, valid for two-dimensional networks, is likely to be also of general applicability to 3D random tetravalent networks, for example polycrystals and soap froths.


In this work, CMOS compatible MEMs platform process was developed on 200mm Cu BEOL Line. The fabrication technology was dedicated to micro-bridge structure based MEMs application. The integration scheme was post interconnect single chip integration, in which MEMs was built directly on standard CMOS interconnect structure and can share Si area with standard CMOS circuit. Because of the shared Si area and single chip integration scheme, the application cost can be greatly reduced with increasing performance. Modified CMOS-BEOL process was used to develop the CMOS-MEMs interface structure, and top metal was used both as the functional layer and PAD layer with lower step height by optimized planarization process. As to the bridge structure, TaN was used as electrode material, and alpha-Si film was used as the sacrificial material fabricated by low Temperature PECVD technology. No metal or dielectric material plug was used for the anchor supporting structure, which make the process much more controllable and flexible. For one of the Sensor product application, the sensing material was using B-doped alpha-Si film fabricated by PECVD and in situ doping process. To obtain good contact between TaN electrode and sensing material, reactive preclean was chosen instead of low-power Ar-preclean in order to control the sensing material loss. TaN was etched by standard Cu BEOL tool using CF4/CHF3 gas. The sensing material loss can be well controlled to less than 30nm, and the uniformity of sensing resistor was about 2sigma/mean < 3% for 200A TaN. The TCR of the sensing resistor was about −1.5% ∼ −2% which is compatible to the as-deposited sensing material film, and can well match this sensor application.


Visual Salience refers to the most conspicuous regions of a visual scene. Visual salience modelling has gained enormous attention due to its wide range of applications in Robotics, Object segmentation and Object Tracking. Amongst the two variants of visual salience modelling, this work emphasises the bottom-up approach where the visual scenes or images are presented under free viewing conditions to track the salient regions. There have been several different approaches towards modelling visual salience starting from the earliest models based on feature extraction to the modern day deep learning. The recent deep learning models are supervised models which learn end-to-end from the input image to the saliency map. Though these models achieve reliable results, the major downside of these models is that they have very little or no relevance to the cognitive processes of the human brain. In this work, we propose an unsupervised learning model based on predictive processing [2] and information theory [1], to address the aforementioned drawback.


Effects of the vibration energy on the fluidization quality and separation performance of dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed were investigated experimentally. The magnetite powder with a wide size range of 0.3-0.074 mm was utilized as the basic medium solids. 6-1 mm fine coal sample from Yongcheng (China) was used to perform the separation experiments. The results indicate that the vibration amplitude A and superficial gas velocity U are greatly significant to the fluidization stability and the density distribution uniformity. Comparing with the bed without vibration, the optimal SP and Sρ values of 0.034 kPa and 0.018 g/cm 3 are acquired in vibration bed with the operating factors of A = 1 mm, U = 1.8Umf, f = 15 Hz and Hs = 150 mm. The coal ash content was reduced from 27.84% to 9.50% at a separating density of 1.68 g/cm 3 with a probable error E value of 0.505. The separation efficiency of 6- 1mm fine coal is effectively improved by introducing vibration energy to dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed. The technology provides a novel approach to achieve high-efficiency separation of 6-1 mm fine coal in the arid and water-shortage areas.


The snakehead of the family are represented 33 species from Asia of which two species Channa ornatipinnis and C. pulchra were recently described from Myanmar. The recent record of C. ornatipinnis from Tuivawl river, Tuivawl village in Champhai district, Mizoram, India is of  ichthyological interest


This article is based on a presentation by the author at the University of North Carolina, 2007 J. Nelson Young Tax Institute.Partnerships frequently are formed with an in-kind contribution of property by one or more of the initial partners. Invariably, contributed property will have a value that differs from the contributing partner's adjusted basis representing built-in gain or loss. The partnership sections of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") contain numerous provisions designed to restrict partners from shifting the tax consequence of the built-in tax gain or tax-loss that is inherent in contributed property. In addition, a partner may be admitted to an existing partnership that has property with a basis that differs from the value of the property on the partnership books, which may in turn differ from the fair market value of the property as determined for calculating the price of admission for the new partner. This circumstance also may shift accrued gains or losses from existing partners to the entering partner. The presence of built-in gains and losses raise wonderfully complex issues regarding the structure of partnerships that challenge even the most sophisticated partnership tax lawyer.


Nowadays, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are becoming increasingly competitive. In order to fulfill the rapidly changing market and diversified demands of customers, the SMEs need to achieve and maintain high productivity and quality, with fast response, sufficient flexibility, and short lead times. Therefore, Industry 4.0 offers various manufacturing paradigms that might be a solution in order to increase the productivity of SMEs such as intelligent and flexible manufacturing. Furthermore, in the last decade, the emphasis on adopting eco-friendly practices, implementing sustainability measures, and protecting the environment has continued to grow, to gain traction across SMEs. In fact, because of this need, many SMEs are now adopting sustainable manufacturing practices in response to this increased focus on sustainability and environmental stewardship. The main purpose of this paper is to design and study the implementation of a sustainable, intelligent material handling system for material distribution with utilizing an agent-based algorithm as control architecture. A time study-based methodology has been implemented to evaluate the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) to identify the matters that need to be resolved and optimized to increase the OEE percentage with consideration of the sustainability of the system. An exhaustive analytical trend applied to the generated time study data. Accordingly, further hardware, software, and layout design limitation and problems detected, and the proper solutions were anticipated. The observed time study results were presented, a fundamental set of analytical observation and information with associated histograms was reviewed. In addition, the study aims to recognize and analyze effective factors on the sustainability of improved processes, using a simple model. To do this, using experts' viewpoints, affective factors on the sustainability of process improvement activities are determined.


Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-xPT) single crystal plates were prepared close to the morphotropic phase boundary with PT compositions 27%−31%. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties of these plates at liquid-helium temperature (4.2 K) were obtained by fitting measured impedance curves. In particular, the piezoelectric strain constant e33 is found to be in the range of 5.1−5.7 C m−2 at 4.2 K, which indicates an extraordinarily large piezoelectric effect compared with other materials even at such a low temperature. This result shows that PMN-xPT single crystals are promising candidates for ultrasonic transducers at low temperatures.


Primary dysmenorrhea is a pain that occursduring menstruation, without any infection of thepelvis and without abnormalities in the genitals of thereal. Ideally, disminore is natural to be experiencedby adolescents, when disminore pain is categorizedas severe it will affect daily activities. Based on thepreliminary study results, 60 female universitystudents received primary disinfectant. The aim is toanalyze the effect of giving carica papaya infusion toprimary dismalore on Midwifery student. This research uses pre experimental designwith One group Pretest posttest Design approach.Independent variables are carica papaya infusa anddependent variable is primary disminore pain. Thepopulation of this research were 60 female studentswho suffered primary disinfecting and the sampleswere 16 respondents using non-probability samplingtechnique with accidental sampling technique.Instruments used in pain scale observation sheetswere analyzed using Paired Sample T-Test statistictest. Based on the results of the research beforegiving carica papaya infusa there are 16 studentswho experienced primary disminore and after giveninfusa carica papaya all students experienceddecreased pain scale disminore. Result of statisticaltest of Paired Sample T-Test, got pain scale pre andpost result got result p value <a or (0,000 <0,05) soHa accepted. This suggests that there is an effect ofdisminary pain scale between before and aftertreatment of carica papaya infusa. It is expected that female students whoexperience disminore pain to get used tononpharmacology therapy to reduce pain like one ofthem by drinking carica papaya infusa.


The Fano factor stability diagram of a C3v symmetric triangular quantum dot is analysed for increasing electron fillings N. At low filling, conventional Poissonian and sub-Poissonian behavior, caused by the interplay of electron-electron interactions and Fermi statistics, is found. At larger filling, N ≥ 2, super-Poissonian noise and a peculiar bias voltage dependence of the Fano factor are observed at Coulomb and interference blockade. An analysis of the Fano map unravels a nontrivial electron bunching mechanism arising from the presence of degenerate many-body states combined with orbital interference and Coulomb interactions.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of intraoperative ultrasonography (IUS) for lung cancer surgery in detecting the lymph nodes in mediastinum and hilum. The accuracy of IUS in determining lymph nodes metastasis was also appraised. METHODS: The lymph nodes were detected in every regions of mediastinum and hilum by IUS in 43 cases of lung cancer surgery, and the number, size and location of the lymph nodes were recorded, and the metastasis of lymph nodes were predicted by the characters of sonogram and the geometric measures respectively. The mediastinum exploration and lymph nodes resection were performed in each case, and every resected lymph node was taken a pathological examination. RESULTS: The sensitivity of IUS in detecting lymph nodes in mediastinum and hilum was 85.6%(208/243)and the positive predictive value was 95.8%(208/217). The sensitivity of IUS in detecting lymph nodes was influenced by their location and size, and the sensitivities were higher in regions of 2R, 4R and 5, and the sensitivity was the highest in the group that the diameters of the lymph nodes were more than 20 mm. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IUS in diagnosing lymph nodes metastasis by the geometric measures were 88.7%(95/107),52.4%(53/101) and 71.2%(148/208), respectively, and by the characters of sonogram those were 84.2%(32/38), 55.6%(10/18) and 75%(42/56), respectively. CONCLUSION: IUS is an effective method for lung cancer surgery in detecting the mediastinum lymph nodes.


Endometriosis is an estrogen‐dependent inflammatory disease. Progestins are a first‐line treatment for endometriosis via activation of pituitary progesterone receptors and suppression of systemic estrogen: a less than optimal treatment. Increasing evidence is beginning to show that progestins may also influence local endometriotic cells, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy.


Planning for the grounding system of KA 3267 substation which has land limitations but has high soil resistance (?). High resistivity soils are required using plate, grid or mesh earthing systems. The purpose of this study was to find out an appropriate earthing system for securing the 3267 KA substation of its equipment. The results of measurements of soil resistance around the 3267 KA distribution substation in Nusa Dua Highland Housing in average >2 ? so that the prisoner soil type ? 251.2 ?-m. Based on the amount of resistance of the soil type, the recommended earthing system is the plate and grid earthing system. From the results of the calculation analysis, that the plate grounding system found 13 plates of 2 m x 1 m installed with a total cost of Rp. 33,800,000. While the earthing of the grid system is obtained a total grid length of 1000 m at a depth of 2 m in parallel to 3 grids at a cost of Rp. 38,690,000. The chosen earthing system is the more economical one, the plate system. To secure KA 3267 distribution substation in Nusa Dua Highland Housing with a resistivity value of 4.594 ? (? 5 ohms) for the type of limestone soils using a plate earthing system in parallel as many as 13 plates.


This article is devoted to the problems of the development of funding mechanisms for innovative projects. On the basis of said problems, we consider the development of organizations and enterprises, set the major tasks and suggest the ways for their solution. We also define the basic principles and the main functions of the suggested system of financing. The introduction of this system will promote the growth for the innovative activity of industrial enterprises.


Pittsburgh — If volume replacement is the wave of the future, as Suzan Obagi, M.D., attests, then fat transfer will be riding the crest.


As computer-related programs are introduced into school curricula, it is helpful to evaluate student attitudes which may affect the success of such programs. This study, involving 155 eighth-through twelfth-grade students, examines the reliability and factorial validity of the Computer Attitude Scale and its three subscales (Computer Liking, Computer Confidence, and Computer Anxiety). The data suggest that this instrument is an effective, reliable, and convenient means of measuring student attitudes toward learning about and using computers.


• The new design increases surface paths to ground by using non-conducting materials, significantly reducing electric fields, particularly near the vacuum interface, where stalk failures typically happen. Helicon Ion Source • HELIOS is a spherical IEC device with an external helicon ion source, allowing for lower background pressure in the vacuum chamber to minimize the ion energy spectrum softening by chargeexchange reactions with neutrals.


Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal. If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. Digital fingerprinting is a field of digital watermarking. That inserts unrecognized buyerpsilas information. In this paper, using a fingerprinting technique we insert information which is userpsilas IP. Thus, we present algorithm that can include userpsilas IP information without any change of web page. Then we search advantages of server that is processed web page fingerprinting.


Recent years, more and more wind power plants with the doubly-fed induction generation (DFIG) are built in China. With the development of the distributed sources, it was critical to present the new protection schemes and the key point is understands the characteristics of DFIG fault current. Because the complex in the generator's structure, the related references about this topic were relatively less. The DFIG generator has a three-phase wound rotor, which was supplied by a pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. When a fault occurs, the transient process was not only determined by machine itself but also the outer exciting system. So the waveform of fault current has variety. Only use the theory analysis was hard to describe the characteristic of fault current. The author adopt the simulation method combined theoretical analysis to investigate short-circuits current. In order to delineate various waveforms of current accurately, the emphasis lay on building the whole system model completely and precisely. This paper first analyzed the component of fault current in theory, and then built the specific model of rotor side exciting PI controllers and the active crowbar protections. Based on the various fault current waveforms, the characteristic of fault current were presented at last.


The problem of $d$-Path Vertex Cover, $d$-PVC lies in determining a subset $F$ of vertices of a given graph $G=(V,E)$ such that $G \setminus F$ does not contain a path on $d$ vertices. The paths we aim to cover need not to be induced. It is known that the $d$-PVC problem is NP-complete for any $d \ge 2$. When parameterized by the size of the solution $k$, 5-PVC has direct trivial algorithm with $\mathcal{O}(5^kn^{\mathcal{O}(1)})$ running time and, since $d$-PVC is a special case of $d$-Hitting Set, an algorithm running in $\mathcal{O}(4.0755^kn^{\mathcal{O}(1)})$ time is known. In this paper we present an iterative compression algorithm that solves the 5-PVC problem in $\mathcal{O}(4^kn^{\mathcal{O}(1)})$ time.


A cap-less voltage spike detection and correction circuit for flipped voltage follower (FVF)-based low dropout regulator (LDO) is proposed in this paper. The transients in the output voltage are controlled by the pull-up currents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and pull-down currents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These currents are dynamic current sources which are activated only during transient period and noise contributed by these current sources at steady state is zero. These currents increase/decrease based on the intermediate FVF node voltage [Formula: see text]. The proposed circuit detects the output voltage via [Formula: see text] and controls the power MOSFET gate and output capacitances by changing the pull-up and pull-down currents whenever the load changes. The proposed circuit consumes small additional bias current in the steady state and achieves less settling time and output spike voltage. This LDO is simulated using 180[Formula: see text]nm technology and the simulation result shows that the LDO has good load transient response with 190[Formula: see text]ns settling time and 170[Formula: see text]mV voltage spike over 1[Formula: see text]mA to 100[Formula: see text]mA load current range.


Underwater acoustic target recognition is a hot research area in acoustic signal processing. With the development of deep learning, feature extraction and neural network computation have become two major steps of recognition. Due to the complexity of the marine environment, traditional feature extraction cannot express the characteristics of the targets well. In this paper, we propose an underwater acoustic target recognition approach named VFR. VFR adopts a novel feature extraction method by fusing three-dimensional FBank features, and inputs the extracted features into a residual network, instead of the classical CNN network, plus cross-domain pre-training to perform target recognition. The experimental results show that VFR achieves 98.5% recognition accuracy on the randomly divided ShipsEar dataset and 93.8% on the time-divided dataset, respectively, which are better than state-of-the-art results.


We consider the stationary limit of a mathematical model that desribes gene regulation at the so-called mit-hindbrain boundary during neural development in vertebrates. The study of an approproate modified system provides us with solutions that resemble the situation of the original system and can be used as references for a subsequent numerical analysis in terms of a pseudo-spectral collocation point method. We discuss the resulting numerical solutions in terms of their biological relecance.


This paper outlines the principal aims and design of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey, mental health supplement (GHS‐MHS), the first nationwide, epidemiological study of both somatic and mental health in Germany on a representative sample of 4,181 subjects in the community. Both the broader context of the study – in particular its methodological relation to the social and somatic core survey of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS‐CS) – and the internal methodology of the mental health supplement (GHS‐MHS) are presented. The study's strategies and method are derived from a consideration of important theoretical issues arising from epidemiological studies in the field of public health. The main instrument used to assess diagnoses of mental disorders was a standardized diagnostic interview for mental disorders (following DSM‐IV (CIDI)) applied by clinically trained interviewers. This diagnostic interview was supplemented by modules on comorbidity, help seeking, treatment and impairment. Somatic health diagnoses were made using an integrated approach including self‐report measures, a standardized clinical interview, and laboratory measures.


Discusses MPEG-2 experiments conducted at the Institute for Communications Technology, Braunschweig Technical University. Preliminary results are that: the 4:2:2 profile of MPEG-2 is well suited for most studio and post-production applications. It is the only internationally standardized compression scheme which at the same time allows accurate editing of the compressed data stream, yields good to excellent quality and allows flexible use. The experiments discussed show that at a data rate of 30 Mbit/s the results of most test items were indistinguishable from the original scene; in some cases slight, acceptable impairment appeared. Further improvement of the performance can be reached by increasing the data rate up to the limit of 50 Mbit/s. Nevertheless, for some applications which demand an extremely high quality or involve a lot of processing such as digital video effects and chroma keying, the 4:2:2 profile will not provide transparent quality. In such cases the use of digital serial component equipment according to ITU-R BT. 601 will be preferable.


1. Two Versions 2. Sympathy and Imagination 3. Motive and Consequence 4. Spectator Theory 5. The Impartial Spectator 6. Comparisons and Comment 7. Moral Rules 8. Virtue 9. The Cardinal Virtues 10. Virtue and Beauty 11. Ethics and Theology 12. Jurisprudence 13. Ethics and Economics 14. Smith's Enduring Contribution


Research has been designed to verify to what extent soybean cakes turkey broiler chickens can be replaced partially free alkaloid lupine beans, watching the effect of the alternative sources of protein on digestion, the level and efficiency of feed conversion economic turkey broilers. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design consisted of four treatments which involve a control diet consisting of corn - soy grits (LC) and three experimental diets (E1, E2 and E3) at the oil cake proteins from soybean meal were replaced with free lupine alkaloids. White lupine beans (vr. Energy-free alkaloids) obtained in specific climatic conditions of the area west of Romania, after grinding, were introduced in the structure of mixed fodder at a rate of 20% (case E1), 30% (case E2) and 40% (case E3). The turkey chicks PNA (non-starch polysaccharide) of lupine seeds resulted in an increase in viscosity digestive contents in the ileum (p <0.05), with a negative effect on feed intake and feed grade recovery. Compared with the control group, the final weight of the turkey chicks E3 was lower by 7.80%, feed intake was lower by 3.71%, feed consumption for one kilogram increase in weight was increased by 4.42% and the chest in the housing structure was lower by 1.54 percentage points. Introduction lupine in chickens turkeys and reduce the soy cakes had a positive influence on key economic indicators. Thus, compared with controls (LC), the experimental groups combined price of a kg forage decreased to 14.02% and feed costs per 1 kg gain in weight fell to 10.78% (turkeys in group E2 lupine beans in food which accounted for 30% by weight of the feed).


Crystal structures for methyl 2-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-1oxopropan-2-yl) benzoate (C{sub 20}H{sub 20}O{sub 6}) and methyl 4-bromo-3-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxoisochroman-4-carboxylate (C{sub 19}H{sub 16}O{sub 6}Br{sub 2}) were prepared and characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction technique to establish their three-dimensional structures. Both were crystallized from acetone by a slow evaporation method. The results showed that the first crystal (C{sub 20}H{sub 20}O{sub 6}) is monoclinic with space group P2{sub 1}, lattice parameters a = 7.8839(4)A, b = 8.1087(4)A, c = 14.4840(10)A, {beta} = 97.447(2) deg., V = 918.13 (9)A{sup 3}, Z = 2, and D{sub x} = 1.289 g/m{sup 3}. The final discrepancy factor is R = 0.034 for 2,917 significant reflections. The second crystal (C{sub 19}H{sub 16}O{sub 6}Br{sub 2}) is monoclinic with space group P2{sub 1}/c, lattice parameters 20.1043 (7)A, b = 8.7046(2)A, c 11.0497(3)A, {beta} = 97.0923(11) deg., V = 1918.90 (10)A{sup 3}, Z = 4, and D{sub x} = 1.690 g/m{sup 3}. The final discrepancy factor is R = 0.064 for 9,619 significant reflections. Projection of structure, connectivity of the molecule in the unit cell, coordinates of each atom in the structure, biological activity, and discussion are presented in our paper.


In cloud computing, a large-scale parallel-distributed processing
 service is provided where a huge task is split into a number of
 subtasks and those subtasks are processed on a cluster of machines
 called workers. In such a processing service, a worker which takes a
 long time for processing a subtask makes the response time long (the
 issue of stragglers). One of efficient methods to alleviate this
 issue is to execute the same subtask by another worker in preparation
 for the slow worker (backup tasks). In this paper, we consider the
 efficiency of backup tasks. We model the task-scheduling server as a
 single-server queue, in which the server consists of a number of
 workers. When a task enters the server, the task is split into
 subtasks, and each subtask is served by its own worker and an
 alternative distinct worker. In this processing, we explicitly derive
 task processing time distributions for the two cases that the subtask
 processing time of a worker obeys Weibull or Pareto distribution. We
 compare the mean response time and the total processing time under
 backup-task scheduling with those under normal scheduling. Numerical
 examples show that the efficiency of backup-task scheduling
 significantly depends on workers' processing time distribution.


I n the article the author features content management officers prepare for operational and tactical level management in modern conditions. The proposals on the implementation of management training in teaching practice.


Muhammed Swalih P. Research Scholar, Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 22 February 2019 Final Accepted: 24 March 2019 Published: April 2019


Recently, studies have emphasized the importance of anatomical placement of the lateral meniscal allograft to decrease postoperative extrusion. However, it is infeasible to identify the exact rotation of the allograft during transplantation. We present a patient who underwent a lateral meniscal transplantation using a wire for correct positioning of the allograft. The use of a wire intraoperatively shaped to resemble the contour of the lateral meniscal allograft will aid in more accurate and anatomical graft placement.


At Lisbon, in March 2000, the European Council set the Uniort a new strategic goal to be reached by 2010: ''to become the most competitive and dynamic krwwledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with nwre and better jobs and greater social cohesion." In order to realise -this ambitious goal two subsequent action plan have been put into practice that set out roadmaps of what lS to be done and by when: The eEurope 2002 Action Plan, endorsed by the EU leaders at their Feira summit in June 2000  and eEurope 2005 Action Pian, approved by the EU leaders in Seville in June 2002" This paper is going to make a general assessment of eEurope within the framework of these two Action Plans, by explaining the goals, evaluating the achievements, underlining the challenges and  explaining  the prospects for the future.


Abstract : This report describes and illustrates the design and operation of a safety-ignition device (SID) that was developed for use with a 750-lb solid- propellant apogee rocket motor. This device, used in combination with the Applications Technology Satellite for NASA, is primarily intended to prevent ignition of the rocket motor during ground handling and prelaunch operations, and in orbital flight provided reliable ignition of the apogee rocket motor with a high degree of safety and operational reliability.


We present a bijection between the set SYT( λ/µ ) of standard Young tableaux of staircase minus rectangle shape λ = δ k , µ = ( b a ), and the set ShSYT ′ ( η ) of marked shifted standard Young tableaux of a certain shifted shape η = η ( k,a,b ). Numerically, this result is due to DeWitt (2012). Combined with other known bijections this gives a bijective proof of the product formula for | SYT( λ/µ ) | . This resolves an open problem by Morales, Pak and Panova (2019), and allows an efficient random sampling from SYT( λ/µ ). Other applications include a bijection for semistandard Young tableaux, and a bijective proof of Stembridge's symmetry of LR–coefficients of the staircase shape. We also extend these results to set-valued standard Young tableaux in the combinatorics of K -theory , leading to new proofs of results by Lewis and Marberg (2019) and Abney-McPeek, An and Ng (2020).


Torque of an induction motor is generally calculated by simplified equivalent circuit. However, the torque has an error since it is calculated by simplified equivalent circuit. In this paper, stator and rotor currents, torque, efficiency, and power factor are derived from the equivalent circuit of an induction motor using mesh analysis method. Then, they are compared with those calculated from simplified equivalent circuit.


Purpose – The role of a reliability analysis for improving the performance of libraries and information services has become extremely crucial. The research question considered here is simple and can be summarized as follows: "How reliable is your library?". Indeed, reliability considerations go beyond the issue of quality since they incorporate the dimension of time, i.e. they involve a number of different activities and operations that take place throughout the life‐cycle of a library system or service. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – Inference modelling techniques based on both parametric and nonparametric methods are reviewed and presented together with illustrative examples. From a wide number of non‐parametric methods that have been made available for reliability estimation, the ones examined here are the Kaplan‐Meier and the Cumulative‐hazard methods. Furthermore, parametric methods and applications, which are based on the Weibull distributional model, are exam...


In oceanography and meteorology, it is important to know not only where water or air masses are headed for, but also where they came from as well. For example, it is important to find unknown sources of oil spills in the ocean and of dangerous substance plumes in the atmosphere. It is impossible with the help of conventional ocean and atmospheric numerical circulation models to extrapolate backward from the observed plumes to find the source because those models cannot be reversed in time. We review here recently elaborated backward-in-time numerical methods to identify and study mesoscale eddies in the ocean and to compute where those waters came from to a given area. The area under study is populated with a large number of artificial tracers that are advected backward in time in a given velocity field that is supposed to be known analytically or numerically, or from satellite and radar measurements. After integrating advection equations, one gets positions of each tracer on a fixed day in the past and can identify from known destinations a particle positions at earlier times. The results provided show that the method is efficient, for example, in estimating probabilities to find increased concentrations of radionuclides and other pollutants in oceanic mesoscale eddies. The backward-in-time methods are illustrated in this paper with a few examples. Backward-in-time Lagrangian maps are applied to identify eddies in satellite-derived and numerically generated velocity fields and to document the pathways by which they exchange water with their surroundings. Backward-in-time trapping maps are used to identify mesoscale eddies in the altimetric velocity field with a risk to be contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides. The results of simulations are compared with in situ mesurement of caesium concentration in sea water samples collected in a recent research vessel cruise in the area to the east of Japan. Backward-in-time latitudinal maps and the corresponding material-line techniques are applied to document transport of water masses across strong currents. Backward-in-time drift maps are shown to be useful in identifying the Lagrangian fronts favorable for fishery.


The invention discloses a method for electroplating a diamond roller coating with introduction of a pulsed power supply and belongs to the technical field of electroplating of diamond roller coatings. The electroplating method comprises the following steps: putting a sanded female die into a plating solution; regulating the power supply to a direct current output state, and regulating the current output quantity, wherein the output current density is set to be 0.65-1 ampere per square centimeter; connecting the power supply, wherein the electroplating time is 1-2 weeks; cutting power supply of the direct current power supply until the electroplating operation is ended, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.3-0.6mm; regulating the current to a pulse output state, and regulating the current output quantity, wherein the output current density is set to be 1-2.5 amperes per square centimeter, the pulse frequency is set to be 1000Hz, and the duty ratio is set to be 25-50 percent; connecting the power supply, wherein the electroplating time is 3-4 weeks; cutting power supply of the pulsed power supply until the electroplating operation is ended, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1.5-2.5mm; taking the female die electroplated with the coating out of the plating solution.


This study aimed to determine the color and texture profile of instant desserts produced from mixtures of pregelatinized flour of broken-rice grains, milk powder and sugar. A simplex design with seven different formulations of instant dessert and two replicates at the central point was used. Proximate composition, microbiological safety and acceptance of dessert selected (with greater desirability) were also determined. The texture attributes are changed depending on the amount of pregelatinized flour, milk powder and sugar used, in this way, different formulations can be used according to each texture desired. The ideal formulation of white chocolate instant dessert consisted of 39.6 g (100 g) _1 pregelatinized flour, 25.5 g (100 g) _1 sugar, 22.8 g (100 g) _1 milk powder, 10 g (100 g) _1 flavor and 2 g (100 g) _1


The paper analyzes the performance of leading indicators for forecasting GDP in Germany. We focus on the performance of single and pooled leading indicators using various weighting schemes. Both forecasting GDP directly and the use of disaggregated procedures are compared. We employ MIDAS regressions for various levels of information by the application of different forecasting rounds. By conducting pairwise tests to the different procedures we are able to analyze their forecast ability. Further, we apply encompassing tests to investigate whether disaggregate approaches contain information not covert by the direct approach. Our results indicate that the production side contains additional useful information for short-term forecasting.


Vascular anastomoses are essential microsurgery tasks that demand levels of manual dexterity and precision barely tenable by even the most practiced and skilled surgeons. Teleoperated robotic micromanipulation devices have the potential to improve the availability and proficiency of procedures involving these anastomoses by enabling precise, repeatable motion while filtering out physiological noise that often hampers manual manipulation. In order to be clinically effective and commercially viable, such robotic microsurgery devices must provide significant improvements in the feasible workspace, motion bandwidth, precision, and dexterity achievable with current manual microsurgery procedures [1]. The research presented here constitutes further steps toward the empirical characterization of manual microsurgery motion and interaction forces, and the development of proper microsurgery robot performance requirements based upon that characterization [2]. We design a multimodal measurement device comprised of an electromagnetic (EM) motion tracking system, three-axis accelerometers, and a high resolution force-torque sensor to precisely record both the motions of microsurgical instruments and the forces applied at the tips of those instruments during a set of experimental anastomosis procedures. In addition to providing force data, this research aims to improve upon previous work by increasing motion tracking fidelity using sensor cross validation. The resulting data will be used inform the design of dexterous robotic micromanipulation system components, including tactile sensors, which enable safe tissue handling and suturing on the sub-millimeter scale, robotic wrists, and microgrippers.


A case of retroperitoneal teratoma in a 31-year-old male is presented. Clinically, a huge nontender mass over the left upper quadrant of the abdomen without nausea and vomiting was noted. Amorphous calcification and calcified teeth were found on the plain abdominal film. A diagnosis of retroperitoneal teratoma was made preoperatively by roentgenography and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. This huge tumor originated in the retroperitoneal space and displaced the contents of the entire abdominal cavity. Because the pseudocapsule of the tumor incorporated the superior mesentery artery, surgical treatment consisted of evacuation of the cyst, sponging out the contents and leaving the empty cyst. The case report is interesting not only for the tumor size, but also for the rarity of its existence in the fourth decade of life.


Thank you for reading ethical dilemmas in education standing up for honesty and integrity. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this ethical dilemmas in education standing up for honesty and integrity, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the changes in income-related inequalities in health conditions and in the use of health services among elderly Brazilians. METHODS: Representative samples of the Brazilian population aged 60 years and more were analyzed between 1998 and 2008 (n = 27,872 and 41,198, respectively), derived from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (National Household Sample Survey). The following variables were considered in this study: per capita monthly household income, self-rated health, physical functioning, medical consultations and hospitalizations in the previous 12 months and exclusive use of the Sistema Unico de Saude (Unifi ed Health System). Data analysis was based on estimates of prevalence and prevalence ratios obtained with robust Poisson regression. RESULTS: In 1998 and 2008, the prevalence of poor self-rated health, mobility limitations and inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), adjusted for age and sex, showed strong gradients associated with


Hourly workers see TQM as a threat. Management sees it as a corporate savior. Can the two sides find common ground?


Hexagonal, programmable array, which is based on a silicon nanowire field effect transistor, wherein the hexagonal array programmable nanowire devices, a nanowire device connecting portion and a gate connection region comprises; wherein the nano-wire means having a cylindrical shape, and include a silicon nanowire channel, a gate dielectric layer and a gate region, wherein the silicon nanowire channel is surrounded by the gate dielectric layer and the gate dielectric layer is surrounded by the gate region, wherein the silicon nanowire channel, the gate dielectric layer and the gate region having an identical length which is in a range of 5 nm-1 micron; wherein the nanowire devices are arranged in a hexagonal shape to form programming units, wherein a common nanowire device of adjacent programming units is divided, and a central portion of each of said programming units is a hollow portion; wherein the nanowire device connecting portion is a connecting node of three nanowire devices and while it is used as a source or as a drain, the nanowire device is connected to the respective channel of the three nanowire devices; wherein the nanowire device connecting portion is fixed on a silicon substrate; and wherein a connection for the gate region, the nanowire device is provided by the gate connection area so that a plurality of nanowire devices forms a structure for dividing a gate.


Shortages, while rare, do appear in the United States. Under what circumstances might this happen? Which alleged shortages are "true" economic shortages? When do true shortages emerge in a market economy? What does this tell us about how market economies work? Six types or categories of "true" economic shortages and one category of alleged shortages are identified in this article. Examples include shortages of Christmas toys, flu vaccines, nurses, concert and sporting event tickets, airline seats, parking spaces, and blood supply. Do a few fundamental underlying causes link the six categories? Questions for class discussion are included throughout.


Transformer-based language models are applied to a wide range of applications in natural language processing. However, they are inefficient and difficult to deploy. In recent years, many compression algorithms have been proposed to increase the implementation efficiency of large Transformer-based models on target hardware. In this work we present a new method for training sparse pre-trained Transformer language models by integrating weight pruning and model distillation. These sparse pre-trained models can be used to transfer learning for a wide range of tasks while maintaining their sparsity pattern. We demonstrate our method with three known architectures to create sparse pre-trained BERT-Base, BERT-Large and DistilBERT. We show how the compressed sparse pre-trained models we trained transfer their knowledge to five different downstream natural language tasks with minimal accuracy loss. Moreover, we show how to further compress the sparse models' weights to 8bit precision using quantization-aware training. For example, with our sparse pre-trained BERT-Large fine-tuned on SQuADv1.1 and quantized to 8bit we achieve a compression ratio of $40$X for the encoder with less than $1\%$ accuracy loss. To the best of our knowledge, our results show the best compression-to-accuracy ratio for BERT-Base, BERT-Large, and DistilBERT.