Engineers are commonly tasked with doing qualification and quality assurance testing on large numbers of fiber components simultaneously, such as in long term environmental tests. The use of seperate, discrete tests sets for each component is neither economical nor sufficiently accurate. An automated approach using large Multi-Channel 1xN Switches with integrated GPIB software is described.


The present invention discloses a non-microgrid stability control program and network transfer method islanding operation mode switching, the use of micro-adjustment within the power grid, load capacity, and adjust the output power of the energy storage unit means a combination of real-time detection of micro-grid operating frequency and voltage level to achieve the feedback control, and ultimately achieve stable operation of microgrids in unplanned islanding and network transfer mode switching, and ensure the safety of electrical equipment to protect important user of uninterrupted power supply, has a good application prospect.


This paper reports on the pre and post conservation diagnostics of a 14th century icon, the Virgin with the Child and a Saint, by an unknown author, belonging to the Library of Taormina, Sicily. A set of non‐ invasive imaging techniques for the investigation of the small painting was applied before and after the restoration treatment. The methods used included technical photography (UV Fluorescence, UV Reflec‐ ted, Infrared, Infrared False Color, and Infrared Fluorescence), Infrared Reflectography (IRR), Reflect‐ ance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and two spectroscopic imaging techniques, Terahertz Time Domain Imaging (THz‐TDI) and Reflectance Imaging spectroscopy using a Multispectral Imaging system (MSI). At the end of the investigation, an identification of the palette has been attempted, crossing the results obtained by reflectance spectra analysis with those obtained by the other imaging techniques. THz‐TDI examination gave a substantial contribution to the understanding of the gilding technique. An accurate examination of the surface has been performed with Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and with THz‐TDI to locate cracks, flacking, incisions and material losses. Subsurface layers have been tested by THz‐TDI, imaging the support‐primer‐paint interfaces. This study is a valid example of the ap‐ plication of non‐invasive imaging methods before and after the conservation treatment of a work of art. Pre and post Conservation Diagnostic on a 14th Century Gilded Icon from Taormina, Sicily Antonino Consentino1*, Corinna L. Koch Dandolo2, Angelo Cristaudo3 and Peter Uhd Jepsen2 1 Cultural Heritage Science Open Source, Aci Sant'Antonio 95025, Italy 2 DTU FOTONIK ‐ Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark 3 Conservation Studio, Acireale 95025, Italy


Graphene has displayed much promise as an electrical conductor and as a optical material. To date there is a large body of literature dedicated to the equilibrium properties of graphene. In this thesis the properties of graphene out of equilibrium are probed. Through combined optical and transport measurements the behaviour of hot electrons are probed at temperatures over five orders of magnitude from 50mK to 2000K. This wide range of temperatures allows access to the behaviour of quantum corrections at the lowest temperatures to the highest energy phonon modes. From ultrafast femtosecond laser pulses to steady state heating from an electric field the cooling of hot electron populations through coupling to various phonon modes in the graphene and the substrate are explored. Additionally the effect of an electric field on the weak localisation correction to the conductivity was separated from heating effects using applied magnetic fields combined with careful modelling of the heat transport properties of the graphene. Finally the desorption dynamics of oxygen bound to the surface are shown using a combination of transport and two pulse correlation technique using an ultrafast laser. Surprisingly the cooling of hot carriers in graphene at low energies shows substrate surface phonons as an important cooling mechanism, highlighting the importance of substrate choice in future graphene devices. In contrast at the very highest energy scales accessed only by photoexcitation the cooling is shown not to be influenced by the presence of a substrate, but out-of-plane phonon modes increase cooling of the hot optical phonons.


Abstract The skin reaction on the feet of albino mice has been used to investigate the relative effects of repopulation and repair of sublethal injury at various stages during a course of "daily" 300 rad fractions. Previous two-dose experiments have shown that with increasing time after a priming dose of 1,000 rads, additional dose is needed to produce a given skin reaction. 500 rads were required after the first 24 hours, whereas only 30 rads per day were needed to counteract the subsequent repopulation. In the present series the average dose increment that was required between 4 or 9 daily fractions was almost 200 rads per interval, and was not attributable to repopulation. Between the 9th and 14th fractions this average dose increment increased because of a contribution from an increased rate of repopulation. After 4 fractions there was no measurable repopulation for two weeks. After 9 fractions approximately 50 rads per day were needed to counteract repopulation. After 14 fractions approximately 130 r...


There are many causes which lead to mistranslation in E-C translation.Some are related with the translation strategies,some with factors of the translator's understanding of the original text and expression.Mistranslations caused by the latter were discussed and classified.It is hoped that the study can provide guidance to the improvement of translator's translating skills.


Angular distributions at angles 130 less than theta/sub cm/ less than 180/sup 0/ were measured for /sup 12/C + /sup 28/Si, /sup 32/S, /sup 40/Ca as well as /sup 9/Be, /sup 13/C + /sup 28/Si in the energy range 20 MeV less than or equal to E/sub cm/ less than or equal to 35 MeV. Cross sections rising towards 180/sup 0/ are observed for all reactions. Excitation functions for the back-angle enhancement show distinct structures, most pronounced for /sup 12/C + /sup 28/Si. Angular distributions for /sup 12/C, especially those corresponding to peaks in the excitation function show oscillations of the type vertical bar P/sub J/(cos theta) vertical bar/sup 2/. The /sup 12/C back-angle enhancement decreases with target mass. Backscattering of the nonalpha nuclei /sup 9/Be and /sup 13/C is reduced by about two orders of magnitude in comparison with /sup 12/C. Similar measurements for the /sup 28/Si(/sup 12/C, /sup 16/O)/sup 24/Mg reaction and /sup 16/O + /sup 24/Mg elastic scattering allow comparison of reaction data with the corresponding entrance and exit channel data. Standard theoretical approaches fail to explain all the observed effects.


Background: Periodontitis has been reported as the sixth complication of diabetes in addition to other microvascular and macrovascular complications. Prevention and management of periodontitis is an important component in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and physicians treating patients with DM should be alert to recognize the signs of severe periodontitis and refer patients for appropriate management. The aim of this study was to estimate and to compare the periodontal status in diabetics and non-diabetics. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 adults, 100 with type 2 diabetes and 50 without diabetes (control subjects), aged 40-60 years, participated in the study. Diabetic status was determined by estimation of random non-fasting plasma glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Periodontal health was assessed by simplified-oral hygiene index (OHI-S), Loe and Silness gingival index (GI) and community periodontal index (CPI). The data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean GI, mean OHI and mean CPI score were significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics. However, mean OHI was similar in controlled diabetics and non-diabetics. Mean CPI score was significantly increased in controlled diabetics compared to uncontrolled diabetics. Conclusion: Gingivitis, poor oral hygiene and periodontitis were more prevalent in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Presence of poor periodontal health in diabetics, in spite of similar oral hygiene measures suggest the possibility of altered host response in periodontal tissues in these patients.


Abstract We examine the feasibility and added value of upscaling point data of soil moisture from a small- to a mesoscale catchment for the purpose of single-event flood prediction. We test the hypothesis that in a given catchment, the present soil moisture status is a key factor governing peak discharge, flow volume and flood duration. Multiple regression analyses of rainfall, pre-event discharge, single point soil moisture profiles from representative locations and peak discharge, discharge duration, discharge volume are discussed. The soil moisture profiles are selected along a convergent slope connected to the groundwater in flood plain within the small-scale catchment Husten (2.6 km²), which is a headwater catchment of the larger Hüppcherhammer catchment (47.2 km², Germany). Results show that the number of explanatory variables in the regression models is higher in summer (up to 8 variables) than in winter (up to 3 variables) and higher in the meso-scale catchment than in the small-scale catchment (up to 2 variables). Soil moisture data from selected key locations in the small catchment improves the quality of regression models established for the meso-scale catchment. For the different target variables peak discharge, discharge duration and discharge volume the adding of the soil moisture from the flood plain and the lower slope as explanatory variable improves the quality of the regression model by 15%, 20% and 10%, respectively, especially during the summer season. In the winter season the improvement is smaller (up to 6%) and the regression models mainly include rainfall characteristics as explanatory variables. The appearance of the soil moisture variables in the stepwise regression indicates their varying importance, depending on which characteristics of the discharge are focused on. Thus, we conclude that point data for soil moisture in functional landscape elements describe the catchments' initial conditions very well and may yield valuable information for flood prediction and warning systems.


According to the literature materials the relationship between structures and functions of pyridylazo benzene reagents and material application of photometric analysis have been summarized and analyzed in this paper.The authors hope it will provide some useful reference for further research on new reagents.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD mostly occurs sporadically and its cause remains unknown, nevertheless the discovery of familiar forms of PD, characterized by mutations of genes encoding proteins associated with mitochondria homeostasis, suggests a strong implication of the mitochondrial quality control system in PD. We investigated the effect of dopamine cytosolic accumulation in undifferentiated SH‐SY5Y cells, an in vitro model widely used to reproduce impairment of dopamine homeostasis, an early step in PD pathogenesis. A strong depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was observed after dopamine exposure. Nevertheless, mitochondrial network resulted to assume a peculiar morphology with a distinct pattern of OPA1 and MFN1, key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria did not take place, suggesting an impairment of the mitophagic machinery induced by dopamine. Indeed, PINK1 did not accumulate on the outer mitochondrial membrane, nor was parkin recruited to depolarized mitochondria. Altogether, our results indicate that an improper handling of dysfunctional mitochondria may be a leading event in PD pathogenesis.


Sound power is a key acoustic parameter, which is widely used for the characterisation and labelling of sound sources. The up-to-date determination methods are valid for frequencies above 50 Hz and for broadband sources. To extend the lower frequency limits and to include sources with narrow band spectral content an extensive study for the establishment of traceability of the unit watt in airborne sound has been performed and an overview of the results is presented in this contribution. The traceability concept is introduced and the dissemination process is explained. The investigation included theoretical models, measurements under calibration conditions and in situ, and results are presented. After exploring and validating the dissemination parameters, the really emitted sound power of sources under test in realistic acoustic environments was referred to their free field sound power. For the inclusive establishment of traceability, the related uncertainty was also determined in a transparent budget, which allows the decomposition of the factors contributing to the uncertainty.


Overview: Supply Chain Management Projects with APO.- SCM Processes and APO Modules.- APO Architecture.- Demand Planning: Demand Planning.- Forecast Consumption and Production Strategies.- Order Fulfilment: Order Fulfilment Overview.- Sales.- Transportation Planning.- Distribution: Distribution and Supply Chain Planning Overview.- Integrated Distribution and Production Planning.- Distribution Planning.- Replenishment.- Production: Production Overview.- Rough-Cut Production Planning.- Detailed Production Planning.- Sales in Make-to-Order Environment.- Detailed Scheduling.- Production Execution.- Modelling of Special Production Conditions.- External Procurement: Purchasing.- Subcontracting.- Cross Process Topics: Stock and Safety Stock.- Interchangeability.- Exception Reporting.- System Integration: Core Interface.- Integration to DP.


Objective:To discuss the postoperative observation and nursing measures of patients with olfactory groove meningioma.Methods:Postoperative complications and nursing interventions of 18 patients with olfactory groove meningioma were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid was in 3 cases,epilepsy in 2 cases,hyperpyrexia in 1 case,diabetes insipidus in 3 cases,mental symptom in 3 cases,pulmonary infection in 1 cases,all postoperative complications were cured except one who still remain mental symptom after treatment and nursing.Conclusion:The promptly effective observation and nursing measures can reduce the complications and raise the cure rates of postoperative patients with olfactory groove meningioma.


According to spatial/temporal properties of successive frames, the correlation is analyzed between regions of interest (NonROI, NormalROI, TopROI) and macro block mode decision of AVS. The Fast Region-based Inter Mode Selection Algorithm (FRIMS) is proposed to reduce computational complexity and speed up the codec. The simulation results show that FRIMS can save about 60% of encoding time with little loss of PSNR and bit rate, when using 2 reference frames. FRIMS can be applied to other block-based video codec (like H.264 etc) with ease.


Objectives. The aim of the paper is to explore the clinical efficacy and prognosis of the modified implantation of atrial septal defect (ASD) closure device to treat bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs). Methods. This paper has reviewed the results of 13 BPF patients implanted with a modified ASD closure device in Shaw Hospital Affiliated with the Medical College of Zhejiang University from October 2018 to November 2021. Anesthesia was selected based on the patient's condition. Different sizes of ASD closures were selected based on the characteristics of fistulas. The modified implantation of the ASD closure device was applied to treat BPFs. The closure effects, closure time, and Borg score were observed at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the surgery. Results. All 13 BPF patients were successfully implanted with the ASD closure device, and the immediate clinical remission rate was 100%. Follow-up at 4 weeks after the surgery showed that 2 cases were automatically discharged within a few days and 4 cases had closed fistula at 1 day after the surgery; follow-up at 8 weeks after the surgery showed that 1 case with fistula closure was observed at 55 days after the surgery; follow-up at 12 weeks after the surgery showed that 1 case with fistula closure was observed at 82 days after the surgery. T/P values (T = 7.90, 5.99, 7.44,

 P
 <
 0.05

 ) of paired t-tests before surgery and 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the surgery were rated by the Borg scale. The data were statistically different, and the clinical symptoms improved significantly. As of publication, the follow-up at 12 weeks after the surgery showed that the clinical remission rate was 9/11, namely, 81.8%, 3 of 11 cases had relieved clinical symptoms but still needed continuous drainage, and 2 cases had fistula closure. The median time of thoracic extubation was 63 (3,120) days. No patients died from surgical complications or BPF recurrence during the prognosis and the follow-up period. Conclusions. The modified implantation method has a high success rate and clinical remission rate, quick and early fistula closure, and simple and noninvasive operation, without the need for a dedicated delivery sheath and rigid endoscopy. Moreover, it has accurate positioning, reliable closure efficiency, and prognosis, and can be completed under local anesthesia. This reduces the operation time, difficulty, and risks of anesthesia.


A non-volatile latch for the space radiation environment using magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) is proposed. This non-volatile radiation-tolerant latch can be embedded in processing logic. Data is stored with magnetic fields, and differential sensing is robust despite small resistance changes.


Traditionally the relationship between processing conditions has been investigated in a linear fashion. Thus relationships between process settings such as processing temperature, shear rate inter alia and product properties such as melt flow properties, color and aging were determined directly and empirical correlation's developed. Additives have been shown to influence polymer properties also, but definition of quantitative relationships involving additive parameters has been elusive. A reason for this fact is that the amount of additive charged to a polymer under processing is not necessarily the parameter which should be measured but it has traditionally been the easiest to measure - ideally the level of residual active stabilizer is of real interest. Hence effects of additives have traditionally been described in qualitative or semiquantitative terms at best. In this paper we describe a quality-driven approach to the in-polymer determination of additives using poly(propylene) and LLDPE as illustrative examples. This process is referred to as Six Sigma Quality. The idea is not solely to develop an optimized test in a specific instance but to develop an approach to test optimization and test method refinement which can be applied at several levels to solve problems of additive determination in a variety of polymers.


It has been recently shown in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 041302] that microstate counting carried out for quantum states residing on the horizon of a black hole leads to a correction of the form exp( − A/ 4 l 2 p ) in the Bekenstein-Hawking form of the black hole entropy. In this letter we develop a novel approach to obtain the possible form of the spacetime geometry from the entropy of the black hole for a given horizon radius. The uniqueness of this solution for a given energy-momentum tensor has also been discussed. Remarkably, the black hole geometry reconstructed has striking similarities to that of noncommutative inspired Schwarzschild black holes [Phys. Lett. B 632 (2006) 547]. We also obtain the matter density functions using the Einstein's field equations for the geometries we reconstruct from thermodynamics of black holes. These also have similarities to that of the matter density function of a noncommutative inspired Schwarzschild black hole. We finally compute the Komar energy and the Smarr formula for the effective black hole geometry and compare it with that of the noncommutative inspired Schwarzschild black hole. We also discuss some astrophysical implications of the solutions.


lawyer or any professional having to prove competence prospectively, over and over again, each time he or she is to be entrusted with a new next assignment? My good friend "Malice" said quite a bit about establishing a "performance index", incorporating a number of indicators other than publication record, especially in the case of young investigators who have not yet had the opportunity to publish very much.' Dr. Morgan goes on to exaggerate the amount of influence-peddling that is possible through journal editorial boards. Medical scientists are, in fact, generally free to publish in any of several hundred journals, whose reviewers represent a broad and changing spectrum of the scientific community. It is much more difficult to manipulate such a diverse and scattered set of unknown reviewers than Dr. Morgan seems to suggest. Biases and blind spots are more likely to be a problem within a small group of interacting agency panelists, whose selection and term of service may not be altogether random. I'll leave it to Forsdyke to defend his article. Suffice it to say, with respect to its adequacy, that citation analysis is one of several ways of evaluating scientific worth. Garfield's articles on the subject reveal how far this tool has been developed.3'4 All kinds of qualities can be examined by appropriate use of citations. I believe that such information could be fairly evaluated, along with other data, by mature scholars who are aware of the silliness of reducing persons to mere citation numbers. On the other hand, agency panels end up with numbers all the time.


Part 1: the law of negligence strict liability intentional torts liability for how much? who pays? suing and settlements legal aid and "no win, no fee" cases. Part 2: stretching the concept of fault stretching the law where the defendant is not solely to blame stretching the rules of causation stretching the kinds of injury you can claim damages for. Part 3: stretching the damages which can be awarded stretching the number of people you can sue more stretching of the people you can sue - public authorities has the stretching gone too far?. Part 4: claims for personal injuries road accidents industrial accidents. Part 5: the guilty parties do not pay the public pays the consequences of recognising that the public pay the insurance companies who pays in contractual cases?. Part 6: the law encourages the blame culture the system is a lottery the system is inefficient how have we got into this mess?. Part 7: punishment and deterrence economic considerations public accountability. Part 8: a new look at the whole system of civil liability personal injuries - some dead ends the way ahead - road accidents the way ahead - other accidents and injuries.


Opera was an important integrant of the music creation of Mozart. In the creation Mozart emphasized the great function of music in portraying characters and reflecting the inner life of the roles. He ably used ensembles to endow the characters with individuation feature. Popularity and profundity were ideally combined in his operas. He sought elegant and lively style of music and made every opera of his own give off magnificent artistic mien. That's why people like them.


This paper is a case study on the connection type of buildings and streets around Pukyung and Kyungsung Universities. In modern cities, space exist historically on which buildings are added. Cities are an accumulation of spatial memories requiring appropriate historical interpretation. Pukyung and Kyungsung Universities are one of Busan's busiest areas. This study classifies different types of space that exist in the streets of these areas, investigates the current status of buildings along the streets and identifies their architectural characteristics. This research finds that for facades `2-bay` systems are the most common, for approach `type of cross road` and for entrances `flat` types. Examination of the way people form crowds finds that the largest density of crowd exists near the entrances of buildings and buildings that have 2 sides in contact with streets and that the density is heavier at high.


This paper presents the leading edge management technologies available in the commercial marketplace today that facilitate the development of modular and scaleable network management systems (NMSs). These leading edge management technologies are Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 (SNMPv2), Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). SNMPv2, eliminates many of the deficiencies found in SNMPv1. CMIP and CORBA provide a rich set of object oriented capabilities that enable NMSs to be modular and scaleable by utilizing the concept of data and function abstraction. Data and function abstraction provides an increase in task automation and a reduction in data diversity; as a result, the cost for the process of management is reduced.


An update to the computational framework CONDON, introducing the ability to model and predict the magnetic and electronic properties of polynuclear exchanged‐coupled actinide systems, such as homonuclear and heteronuclear coordination clusters of 5f ions, is presented. The program can intuitively fit experimental magnetic and spectroscopic data from multiple sources simultaneously, under consideration of a "full model" ligand field theory Hamiltonian. CONDON accounts simultaneously for all aspects relevant to the magnetic characteristics: interelectronic repulsion, ligand field potential, spin‐orbit coupling, interatomic exchange interactions, and applied magnetic field. As exemplified by several examples, CONDON represents the first program package able to accurately describe single‐ion effect in exchange‐coupled actinide systems, limited only by available computational resources. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


People and their relations are the hart of success of every organization. Although there are no studies that directly relate company success to the happiness of the workforce, it is common sense that communities which are over longer periods working under tension are most likely to be less productive. Next to this "modernistic" line of reasoning, from an ethical point of view humane ways of organizing, in contrast to inhuman ways, seem at first sight essential for the well being our society.


Convolution is a fundamental operation in image processing and machine learning. Aimed primarily at maintaining image size, padding is a key ingredient of convolution, which, however, can introduce undesirable boundary effects. We present a non-padding-based method for size-keeping convolution based on the preservation of differential characteristics of kernels. The main idea is to make convolution over an incomplete sliding window"collapse"to a linear differential operator evaluated locally at its central pixel, which no longer requires information from the neighbouring missing pixels. While the underlying theory is rigorous, our final formula turns out to be simple: the convolution over an incomplete window is achieved by convolving its nearest complete window with a transformed kernel. This formula is computationally lightweight, involving neither interpolation or extrapolation nor restrictions on image and kernel sizes. Our method favours data with smooth boundaries, such as high-resolution images and fields from physics. Our experiments include: i) filtering analytical and non-analytical fields from computational physics and, ii) training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the tasks of image classification, semantic segmentation and super-resolution reconstruction. In all these experiments, our method has exhibited visible superiority over the compared ones.


The cardiovascular effects of MnCl 2 were speculated to be due to antagonism of the physiologic functions of endogenous Ca. If so, MnCl 2 effects should be attenuated when CaCl 2 is co-administrated. The purpose of this study was to examine if the cardiovascular effects of intravenous Mn could be attenuated by co-administration of Ca in anesthetized rabbits. MnCl 2 at 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mcmol/kg was intravenously injected in an ascending manner at 10 min intervals. CaCl 2 at 0, 3 or 30 mcmol/kg was concurrently injected with each doses of MnCl 2


Objective To evaluate feasibility of intraoperative tip perfusion index(TPI) as a monitor of successful thoracic sympathectomy by observing the changes in TPI during peri-sympathectomy.Methods Ten patients with hyperhidrosis underwent bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthesia in semi-fowler position. Hemodynamic variables,SpO2,TPI were continuously monitored.TPI were monitored by two pulse-oximetry probes placed on operative side hand and lower limb.Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.Results The TPI in the lower limb,the hemodynamics,as well as SpO2 remained constant(P 0.05).The operative side TPI had a significant difference at 1 minute after the transaction of sympathetic chain compared with before it(P 0.05),and had a very significant difference at 2,3,5,10 minutes after the procedure(P 0.01).All patients responded that their symptoms were either completely resolved,or mostly resolved.Conclusion TPI increased immediately after the successful thoracic sympathectomy.It can be used as an additional indicator of successful thoracic sympathectomy.


We demonstrate that the DGD monitoring range and sensitivity of PMD monitors is optical-spectrum-dependent in 10-and-40-Gbit/s CSRZ, ACRZ and RZ signals even when the pulse-widths are identical, and introduce a method to monitor PMD in CSRZ and ACRZ systems.


An HCMU metric is a conformal metric which has a finite number of singularities on a compact Riemann surface and satisfies the equation of the extremal Kahler metric. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a kind of HCMU metrics which has both cusp singularities and conical singularities.


Christopher T. Lowenkamp Alexander M. Holsinger University of Missouri, Kansas City Anthony W. Flores California State University, Bakersfield Igor Koutsenok Center for Criminality & Addiction Research, Training & Application University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Natalie Pearl San Diego County Probation Changing Probation Officer Attitudes: Training Experience, Motivation, and Knowledge


In his article 'Style versus substance in artistic depiction', Bruce Rothschild reopens the issue regarding the interpretation of hands and fingers that give the impression of being deformed in paintings by a number of artists, Rubens in particular. He asks whether this was a stylistic effect desired by the artist or whether a joint swelling was actually being depicted. Since time immemorial, afflictions have been described (for example, leprosy and the plague in the Bible) or depicted (for example, foot paralysis and temporal arteritis on Egyptian bas-reliefs, goitre, ascites, paralyses of the lower limbs, and Pott's disease on Djenne´terracottas from 800–1600). These afflictions greatly marked the individuals because they wounded them in the flesh. People have always experienced them as God's punishment or as stemming from a curse cast by an evil sorcerer. In early societies, portrayals of diseases and illnesses enabled the transference of the disorder to the object, recalled the punishment to anyone who violated the social order and maintained the faith. They were honoured or worn as prophylactic amulets. At the individual level, depending on whether one was an artist, like Rubens, who was affected by rheumatism (labelled 'chronic gout'), the depiction of an affliction that might be one's own was a way of expressing it to present and future generations, or even a way of exorcising it. If, like Leonardo da Vinci, the artist was also an anatomist, he took advantage of his observations and his knowledge in order to refine his portrayals. The interpretation of Leonard de Vinci's drawings is particularly interesting as it can be analysed afterwards by both historians and physicians. Bruce Rothschild was surprised to discover on one of Leonardo's drawings of a fetus, probably dating from the period 1510–1512, a swollen, deformed finger, even though arthritis had never been observed in utero. He drew the conclusion that, in most cases, the portrayal of a rheumatic finger or hand was only for stylistic effect. Between 1478 and 1518, Leonard da Vinci was present at and carried out 30 or so dissections at the Santa Maria Nova Hospital in Florence and the Santo Spiritu hospital in Rome, and it was only after he had made his numerous drawings, including drawings of fetuses, that he additionally acquired a reputation as an anatomist. Nevertheless, he took liberties with realism in drawings of fetuses. For example, the diameter of the head is often too small; the …


Abstract A multiple internal reflectance method and a chemical method for the quantitative determination of poly(vinyl acetate) binder on non-woven polyester battings are described. The band assignments, poly (vinyl acetate) concentration, and standard battings preparation are discussed.


The researches on the subject o f this paper were conducted in Jora de Mijloc, Republic of Moldova,where7 applegenotypeswere studied,namely: Idared, Golden Delicious, Golden Rezistent, Jon ica, Florina, Renet Simirenco a nd Champion.Observations,measurements and determinations regarding gro wth vigour of the trees ,productivity and quality of the fruits were investigated.Productivity anal ysisthrough the treefruit production, num ber of fruits,fruit diameterand fruitvolume revealed that the most favourableapple varietiesare:Idared, Champion, Golden Delicious, Renet Simirenco and Joni ca,being highly productive, the reason why these varieties may be proposed to be used in high density plant ations.Taking into


— In today's world of flexible automation, users should be able to rely on the performance of robots. The ISO 9283 presents the criteria and related testing methods to determine performance characteristics of industrial manipulators. This paper reports on the process of experimental evaluation, improvement and objective/quantitative comparison among different performance indices of two types of robots: a revolute robot and a prismatic robot. Using certified technical standards, these indices are calculated based on experimental analyses. Additionally in order to further improve the functionability of robots, risk assessment of robot is done using IEC 31010 standard and FMEA approach. Performance indices are compared after and before applying the correction actions obtained from risk assessment. The results show that the accuracy and repeatability of both robots are substantially enhanced after correcting the design and applying the changes on manufactured robots. The main contribution of this paper is the design improvement of robotic workability using FMEA method as well as the calculation of performance indices using experiments and following the international standards.


The use of student outcomes data in higher education is discussed. Consideration is given to a widely recognized taxonomy of student outcomes developed by Alexander Astin and his associates, and a classificationof outcomes developed by Ogcar Lenning and his t heNat ion-alCenter f or-Hi-gh-er-Educati-cin-Management Systems (NCHEMS). Issues involved in the development of an effective institutional student-outcomes database are examined, and types of student data, typically kept in student Taster files and'enrollment files, are. identified. In addition, features of six currently available student-outcomes assessment instruments/services are specified, including the NCHEMS/College Board Student-Outcomes Information Sekvice, the American College Testing Program Evaluation Survey Service, and the TEX-;.-IS'Follow-Up System. Attention is also directed to the identification of users and uses of outcomes information, and the production of management reports from student-outcomes,databases. The application of outcomes information fto decision-making is also discussed, with attention to preparing accreditation self-studies, program review, institutional planning, budget review; and student recruitment and retention. Finally, some themes concerning information utilization are considered. (SW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made , * from the original document. **********************Ir**********************,,************************* 0 An NCHEMS Executive Overview Information on co Student Outcomes: (NI How to Get It How to Use It


In the paper,the polymer antistatic agent was pyrolysised.The sulfur in it was oxidized to SO42-which hwas determined by ion chromatography.So the content of sulphur in the polymer antistantic agent was attained.The proposed method was efficients、ensitive and high selectivity.Experimental results showed that the detection limit was 0.28mg/L,the relative standard derivations were 1.1%~2.4%.The recoveries of added standard was 98.9%~100.7%.


A study of cycle jumps in phase locked loops with a particular emphasis on Omega receivers is presented. Theoretical predictions using numerical integration of the probability density functions of the phase estimates for both Gaussian and more accurate atmospheric noise models are presented. These theoretical results are validated through computer and hardware simulations using both Gaussian and atmospheric noise. Hard limited and linear receivers are considered along with various methods of phase estimate averaging. In addition, the combined effect of noise and errors in the velocity or phase estimate are presented. The results relating the probability of cycle jumps to signal to noise ratio (SNR) show very pronounced thresholding in Gaussian Noise, i.e. very small changes in SNR can mean the difference between acceptable and unacceptable probability of cycle jumps. This was found not to be true for atmospheric noise due to the significant number of outliers even for large SNR's. The data supports a conclusion that the lower limit on acceptable SNR for receiver operation is due to the probability of receiver cycle errors and not merely fix inaccuracy due to noise in lines of position.


This paper describes the Complex product development project scheduling problem (CPDPSP) with a great number of activities, complicated resource, precedence and calendar constraints. By the conversion of precedence constraint relations, the CPDPSP is simplified. Then, according to the predictive control principle, we propose a new scheduling algorithm Based on prediction (BoP-procedure). In order to get the problem characteristics coming from resource status and precedence constraints of the scheduling problem at the scheduling time, a sub-project is constructed on the basis of a sub-AoN (Activity on node) graph of the project. Then, we use the modified GDH-procedure to solve the sub-project scheduling problem and to obtain the maximum feasible active subset for determining the activity group which satisfies resource, precedence and calendar constraints and has the highest scheduling priority at the scheduling time. Additionally, we make a great number of numerical computations and compare the performance of BoP-procedure algorithm with those of other scheduling algorithms. Computation results show that the BoP-procedure algorithm is more suitable for the CPDPSP. At last, we discuss briefly future research work in the CPDPSP.


The Cu2Se nanopowder was fabricated by the hydrothermal synthesis, then the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Sr2Co2Oy + x wt% Cu2Se (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25) composites prepared by the solid state method were investigated from room temperature to 875 K. The Cu2Se dispersant with an appropriate amount played a significant role in decreasing resistivity. Although the Seebeck coefficients also decreased slightly, the power factors of the doped samples got significant improvement. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was depressed apparently. Ultimately, the Bi2Sr2Co2Oy + 0.5 wt% Cu2Se sample showed a better dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.14 at 875 K. Compared with the pure Bi2Sr2Co2Oy sample, it was improved about by 25.5%.


N-Allyl-N'-(sodium 4-naphthalene sulfonate)thiourea(ASNTu) was used as a colour reagent for the determination of Pd 2+.In HAc-NaAc buffer solution at pH 4.0~5.5,ASNTu reacts with Pd 2+ to form a stable yellow water soluble complex with a molar ratio of Pd(Ⅱ): ASNTu of 1∶ 4.The apparent molar absorptivityof the complex is 1.30 ×105 L·mol-1·cm-1 at 301 nm.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0~16g /25 ml,correlation coefficient is 0.999 3.Relativity large amounts of usual ions are tolerated for the determination of Pd 2+.This method has been applied to the determination of palladium in anode slime and mineral.


The article touches upon a rather urgent problem that exists in the Republic of Moldova. It underlines the necessity of the adoption of a Teacher's Deontological Code and the introduction of Ethics and Professional Deontology in the university curriculum. This fact will contribute to the education of a new generation of teachers that would be able to solve the major problems the world confronts at present, to possess moral faculties, capabilities to manage values, ideals and exigency specific for human beings that give sense to the individual and community existence.


A hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is presented for describing low-frequency phenomena in high-beta (β ∼ O(1)) anisotropic plasmas that consist of two components: a low-energy core component and an energetic component with low density. The kinetic-MHD model treats the low-energy core component by magnetohydrodynamic description, the energetic component by a kinetic approach such as the gyrokinetic equation, and the coupling between the dynamics of these two components through plasma pressure in the momentum equation. The kinetic-MHD model optimizes both the physics contents and the theoretical efforts in studying low-frequency MHD waves and transport phenomena in general magnetic field geometries and can be easily modified to include the core plasma kinetic effects if necessary. It is applicable to any magnetized collisionless plasma system where the parallel electric field effects are negligibly small. In the linearized limit, two coupled eigenmode equations for describing the coupling between the transverse Alfven type and the compressional Alfven type waves are derived. The eigenmode equations are identical to those derived from the full gyrokinetic equation in the low-frequency limit and were previously analyzed both analytically and numerically to obtain the eigenmode structure of the drift mirror instability (Cheng and Lin, 1987) which explains successfully the multisatellite observation of the antisymmetric field-aligned structure of the compressional magnetic field of Pc 5 waves (Takahashi et al., 1987) in the magnetospheric ring current plasma. Finally, a quadratic form is derived to demonstrate the stability of the low-frequency transverse and compressional Alfven type instabilities in terms of the pressure anisotropy parameter τ the magnetic field curvature-pressure gradient parameter αp as defined in equations (31) and (69), respectively. A procedure for determining the stability of a marginally stable MHD wave due to wave-particle resonances is also presented.


This article profiles Air Nostrum, Spain's first private regional airline company. Established over ten years ago by founder and CEO Carlos Bertomeu, Air Nostrum is a franchise partner of Iberia Airlines. With a fleet of over fifty turboprops and regional jets, the airline operates over 2,000 flights per week covering 44 routes. The article describes the growth of the airline, its successful operating relationship with Iberia, and Bertomeu's plans for future expansion.


In order to measure accurately engine crank position and rotating speed,we designed a new kind inductance type rotating speed and angle sensor based on the amorphous alloy.Firstly,the sensor structure,the working principle and two kind of installation methods were introduced.Then,output sensitivity characteristic and the non-linear error of the sensor were analyzed.Finally,the influence of the air gap,the coil number of windings,and the excitation electric current and the frequency on the measurement sensitivity,and the influence of different amorphous alloy thin belt width on pulse induced voltage profile were analyzed by experiment.The experimental result shows the sensor has some characteristics such as higher sensitivity and simple structure,and which is feasible for measuring rotating speed and angle of the automobile engine.


Universality classes of successive magnetic phase transitions in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet CsMnI 3 are studied by measuring the critical exponents γ and ν using neutron scattering. The critical exponents of the successive transitions at T N1 =11.2 K and T N2 =8.2 K, which correspond to orderings of magnetic moments parallel and perpendicular to the c -axis, respectively, are determined to be γ // =1.12±0.07, ν // =0.59±0.03 ( T N1 ) and γ ⊥ =1.04±0.03, ν ⊥ =0.56±0.02 ( T N2 ). These values and the β exponents β // =0.32±0.01, β ⊥ =0.35±0.01 measured in our previous work do not agree with a theory which predicted the three dimensional XY universality for both the transitions. This is in contrast with the satisfactory agreement of critical exponents of CsMnBr 3 with a theory of the novel three-dimensional Z 2 ×S 1 universality. A uniform magnetization parallel to the c -axis in terms of the three sublattices in the c -plane is found to increase slowly below T N1 .


In a multiple-camera video surveillance system,how to integrate all data that come from several cameras is a very important problem.It is presented a sustained object track method based on SIFT feature matching.According to the characteristic that SIFT feature keeps invariant in the case of rotating picture,zooming scale,or changing brightness,and maintains stable under changing perspective,affine transformation or noise,we proposed an algorithm for object matching based on SIFT.In order to meet real-time requirements,we also improved the extraction of key-point and selection of match threshold.Experiment showed that using SIFT feature for consistence matching can enable cooperatively object track through multiple cameras in a wide areas video surveillance system,and had good track performance.


During epidemic, when large number of patients appears in short interval, computer models could help in predicting the critical condition of newly admitted patients based on historical information of similar type of patients. In this research, we have developed two classification models by neural network and logistic regression to predict the critical condition of newly admitted patients. Three class labels, i.e., low, medium and high are used in this research to represent the critical condition of patients. However, due to class imbalance problem, the classifier performance was not good for high and mid classes. Therefore, a balancing technique is adopted by using synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm coupled with locally linear embedding (LLE). Experimental results demonstrate that our balanced model outperforms other models by taking care the unbalance nature of ICDDR,B hospital surveillance data.


What is Dniepropetrovsk region in social and economic respects and why political images of the candidates may be of interest to researchers? What must the candidate for people's deputy of Ukraine be according to the requirements of the election law and who and how could become this candidate? The base of sources Conceptual infological model The choice of the database management system. Conceptual datalogical model Algorithm of solving the problem Statistic image of candidate Statistical analysis of programmes References Appendixes 3 And, behold, there are last Which shall be first, and there are first which shall be last.


Abstract : This paper analyzes the U.S. AirSea Battle Concept and the People s Republic of China (PRC) strategy. The AirSea Battle Concept will not maintain the current maritime power balance in the Western Pacific against current and future A2/AD capabilities employed in a war of attrition strategic framework. Planners working on AirSea Battle Concept must reassess PRC strategy, refresh the planning assumptions, and reevaluate the proposed ways and means for gaining operational access under the threat of PRC A2/AD.


This video "Desire" is a 3D animation of non-chronicle images. It follows the previous films, "A Dummy Named Desire" and "Gluttony", and makes a final image about the thesis. In this animation, I want to illustrate the spirit in a drifting form. When desire takes over from everything, there is a separation between body and soul like sleepwalking. By using the concept of Dante's The Divine Comedy as the index for these daydreams, I create different spaces for each still image. Each one represents an emotional stage where reflect different level of hell. In Christian religion, one who commit mortal sins would cause his or her soul falls into hell and surfers by the cyclic punishment. The following question is what is Hell? In Inferno and Purgatorio, the first two parts of Italian poem Dante's The Divine Comedy, there are specific description about the scenes and the punishment in hell. Despite The Divine Comedy is a religious morality tale, its allegorical vision inspires countless artists. Base on the Dante's The Divine Comedy, I attempt to reveal the conscious hell in furious spirit. To present the moment of emotional outbreak, I used Autodest Maya to produce this animation, and assorted with the display in the exhibition. By infusing 7 different atmospheres of Dante's Purgatorio in this film, the audience can experience their own emotional hell where makes an interaction between the audience, the image and the space. In order to make a better show in the future, I also have reviewed this exhibition, including the production, the display design, and the interaction with the audience.


In recent times, internet's rapid development and distribution provided us with much convenience. Thus, internet has become an indispensable element in our social life. However, as with internet various illegal and dangerous incidents take place, this damage is pointed out as causing many problematic behaviors among the especially sensitive Juvenile. Specially, because of the internet's anonymity ('no-name') and easy accessibility, as it is used widely as the main method of handling the Juvenile sex trade, the internet reality emerges as the serious social problem. Japan, insisting on the basic rule we need to keep in the information society, considers our awakening and enlightenment as the important projects in the internet times. The information ethic education, thus, is being practiced in each education institution of Japan. However, despite this practice of education for the internet ethic, it is Japan's reality that there are still prevalent harmful informations on the internet for the Juvenile. In case of Japan, as we see the rapid increase of crimes using the site of meeting the opposite sex, new methods and forms of crimes appear with the change of times. For the realization of safe society from the harmful environment, the appropriate prevention programs and the proper legislation are required. Recently, when our country sees new crimes similar to Japan's ones, the special legislations to protect the Juvenile personal rights are also requested in our country.


This article provides an overview of nanoporous materials with MWW (Mobil twenty two) topology. It covers aspects of the synthesis of the MWW precursor and the tridimensional zeolite MCM-22 (Mobil Composition of Matter number 22) as well as their physicochemical properties, such as the Si/Al molar ratio, acidity, and morphology. In addition, it discusses the use of directing agents (SDAs) to obtain the different MWW-type materials reported so far. The traditional post-synthesis modifications to obtain MWW-type materials with hierarchical architectures, such as expanded, swelling, pillaring, and delaminating structures, are shown together with recent routes to obtain materials with more open structures. New routes for the direct synthesis of MWW-type materials with hierarchical pore architecture are also covered.


We show that a family of minimal surfaces of general type with p_g = 0, K^2=7, constructed by Inoue in 1994, is indeed a connected component of the moduli space: indeed that any surface which is homotopically equivalent to an Inoue surface belongs to the Inoue family. The ideas used in order to show this result motivate us to give a new definition of varieties, which we propose to call Inoue-type manifolds: these are obtained as quotients \hat{X} / G, where \hat{X} is an ample divisor in a K(\Gamma, 1) projective manifold Z, and G is a finite group acting freely on \hat{X} . For these type of manifolds we prove a similar theorem to the above, even if weaker, that manifolds homotopically equivalent to Inoue-type manifolds are again Inoue-type manifolds.


Interfacial compatibility between the Si-Cu electrode and diluted ionic liquid electrolyte containing 50 vol.% of 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPP–TFSI) and 50 vol.% dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a lithium cell and dilution effect on surface chemistry are examined. ex-situ ATR FTIR analysis results reveal that the surface of the Si-Cu electrode cycled in the diluted ionic liquid electrolyte is effectively passivated with the SEI layer mainly composed of carboxylate salts-containing polymeric compounds produced by the decomposition of DMC. Surface species by the decomposition of TFSI anion and MPP cation are found to be relatively in a very low concentration level. Passivation of electrode surface with the SEI species contributes to protect from further interfacial reactions and to preserve the electrode structure over 200 cycles, delivering discharge capacity of > 1670 mAhg− and capacity retention of 88% of maximum discharge capacity.


A six-component wind tunnel balance of a robust, unconventional design was produced using semiconductor strain gages on a compression-type axial-force element. The balance was designed primarily for supersonic tests of high-drag models in short-duration wind tunnels. It was first used in a short crash program to test a design of a high-drag training kinetic-energy projectile. Obtained data were useful for the development of the projectile, but a lack of reliable references to validate the performance of the balance was felt, especially in view of the different opinions on the usability of semiconductor strain gages for wind tunnel balances. This issue was dealt with when the balance was used in wind tunnel tests of a HB-2 hypervelocity-ballistic standard model at Mach numbers 1.5 to 4, in a campaign of tuning the supersonic performance of the T-38 wind tunnel in VTI. Test results were compared with the reference data and with results from an earlier test of the same model where a conventional-design balance was used. The evaluation of the balance was focused on the measurement of the axial-force coefficient. It was concluded that the balance was very convenient for the intended type of wind tunnel tests, but not for general use.


The purpose of this study was to examine the participation motives of youth from different sport branches and examine the differences with respect to different demographic variables. The study was conducted on 85 girls and 202 boys from different sport branches in Turkey. The average age of the participants were 14.29 years (SD=1.1). The "Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ)" (Gill, Gross and Huddleston (1983) was administered on the participants. The reliability and validity of the PMQ was tested by Oyar, Asci, Celebi and Mulazimoglu (2001). The scale consisted of 30 items and 8 subscales. All items were measured and sorted using a three-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and were performed on all variables including means and standard deviations. Independent Samples ttest was also used to determine differences between the scores acquired from the scale and some independent variables. Analysis indicated significant differences in achievement/status (t= 2.71; p < 0.05), team affiliation (t= 2.12; p < 0.05) and friendship (t= 3.81; p < 0.01) subscales between girls and boys. Boys had higher scores than the girls. There were significant differences in achievement/status (t= 2.52; p < 0.01), team affiliation (t= 2.33; p < 0.01), energy release/fitness (t= 2.33; p < 0.05) and competition (t= 2.50; p < 0.01) subscales with regard to sport experience. Less experienced participants had lower scores than the more experienced. As a result, it can be concluded that based on the mean ratings of each of the 30 participation motives, "improve my skills" and "to raise my sport branch" were the most important participation motives for the participants.


We describe the University of Vienna twin automatic photoelectric telescope (APT) located at the new Fairborn Observatory at Washington Camp in southern Arizona. Not only are the telescopes fully automatic, also the observatory itself is automatic. A site-control computer monitors weather sensors and operates the roof while the telescope control computer operates the photometer and accepts input files from and provides nightly observations to the astronomer; no direct operating personnel is needed. Both telescopes have 0.75-m primary mirrors, a CCD finder camera, and an environmentally controlled single-channel photoelectric photometer with filter combinations optimized for use in the blue (Wolfgang) and in the red (Amadeus) wavelength for asteroseismology of non-radially pulsating variables, and for monitoring asymtotic-giant-branch stars. Some first results are presented.


With the popularization of mobile Internet, the mobile electronic tax with 3G network, basing on the wireless communication technology, is becoming the hot spot of taxation informatization in China. This paper closely examined the implementation cases of the mobile electronic tax to analyse the stage and future trends of development by the guidance of Nolan Model. These findings are, indeed, very fascinating, showing that the issues to be addressed and recommendations are suggested.


Bangkok has a substantial risk from distant earthquakes due to the ability of the underlying soft soils to amplify ground motions. The amplification of the soft soils can be estimated from their shear-wave velocity (Vs). Although the borehole method is the main method generally used to estimate Vs, this method is expensive and time consuming. An alternative method to determine Vs is The Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW). This study compares estimates of Vs derived from the traditional borehole method with those derived from the newer MASW technique at three sites near Bangkok, Thailand. The results indicated that the difference in the estimates of Vs obtained from the both methods was less than 20% and that, therefore, the MASW method is acceptable for estimating the Vs of soils in and around the Bangkok area.


This paper examines the benefits and problems that have arisen from the use of xenobiotics in modern agriculture. Factors which control the transport and metabolism of xenobiotic molecules in plants and soils are considered, with emphasis being placed on the identification of topics which, in the opinion of the authors, are appropriate for increased research activity. The various approaches that are currently used for the analysis of xenobiotic residues in biological materials are also reviewed briefly.


This paper proposes an approach to identify word candidates that are not Traditional Chinese, including Japanese names (written in Japanese Kanji or Traditional Chinese characters) and word variants, when doing word segmentation on Traditional Chinese text. When handling personal names, a probability model concerning formats of names is introduced. We also propose a method to map Japanese Kanji into the corresponding Traditional Chinese characters. The same method can also be used to detect words written in character variants. After integrating generation rules for various types of special words, as well as their probability models, the F-measure of our word segmentation system rises from 94.16% to 96.06%. Another experiment shows that 83.18% of the 862 Japanese names in a set of 109 human-annotated documents can be successfully detected.


Whilst the ethnographer Richard Thurnwald was exploring the upper reaches of the Sepik River of German New Guinea, World War One broke out and Anglo-Australian troops took possession of the German colony. Thurnwald's base camps on the lower and upper Sepik were reided by the military and his collections and stores taken to Madang. In early 1915, Thurnwald began the campaign to regain possession of his collections, a process that involved a contest between bureaucratic and scientific interests set against a background of enmity for the defeated Germans and assertion of Australian independence from Great Britain.


The utility model provides a medical sleeve crown taking clamp applied to mouth rehabilitation. The medical sleeve crown taking clamp comprises a first clamp handle, a second clamp handle, a first joint, a second joint, a first clamp beak, a second clamp beak and a memory screw, wherein one end of the first joint is fixedly connected with the tail end of the first clamp handle; the other end of the first joint is fixedly connected with the tail end of the first clamp beak; one end of the second joint is fixedly connected with the tail end of the second clamp handle; the other end of the second joint is fixedly connected with the tail end of the second clamp beak; the first joint is hinged with the second joint by virtue of a rotation shaft; each of the first clamp beak and the second clamp beak comprises a cylindrical connection part, an arc transition part and a gomphosis taking part which are sequentially connected with one another; each of the first clamp handle and the second clamp handle comprises a locking part and an anti-skidding part which are connected with each other. By virtue of the crown taking clamp, the relatively great lifting force can be conveniently applied; the inner crown of the sleeve crown is not easy to damage; the crown taking speed is increased; the clinical operation time is reduced.


Most osteoporotic patients are postmenopausal women, but it does not follow that the condition arises from hormonal deficiency or that the underlying process can be reversed by hormone replacement. Hospitalization is indicated during a painful crisis; the brief period of immobilization thus imposed need not be feared as contributing to progression of this essentially benign and self-limited illness.


STATISTICS. IN no disease is the statistical method of examination of the results of treatment more important or more difficult to apply. We are always confronted by the theory advanced by some of a change of type in the constitution of mankind and the belief in a change of type of the disease which is held and justly held, by most. For the purposes of this inquiry, however, we may eliminate the first of these elements of difficulty (the change of constitution of the individual), as the periods which I propose to consider are so near in point of time as to render it improbable, or even impossible, that such a change can have occurred. In the years from 1848 to I870 Murchison analysed the mortality from typhoid, and found that of 5,988 cases 1,034 died, an average mortality of I7.26, and that in twenty-three of the principal hospitals of Europe theaverage mortality was I7.45. From i6 to 17.50 may be reckoned to have been the average percentage of deaths prior to the last quarter of a century, but since that time, and putting out of consideration the exceptional results achieved by one doctor here or there and the results following a special mode of treatment, there has no doubt been a general lowering of the death-rate. This might be due to a diminished gravity in the type of the disease or to some one or more improvements in treatment. That over a period of twenty-five years the disease should have been always mild is on apriori grounds unlikely, and it is contrary to fact. Bouchard gives the death-rate at the Lariboisiore Hospital as 21.15 from 1854 to I885, while in his own practice during the next four years it was I 1.79 per cent., although this was only two-thirds of the average mortality from the disease in the whole of the hospital, which would therefore be about I7 per cent. In the General Hospital, Birmingham, as set forth in Dr. Russell's excellent paper on the Treatment of Enteric Fever, of 304 cases of the disease occurring between I885 and I894, 57 died, a mortality of i6.8 per cent. While it would be easy to give statistics of numerous groups of cases in which the mortality was lower-even much lower-than this, these two instances will suffice to show that the mortality has generally been diminishing. INTESTINAL ANTISEPSIS. There seem to be two main reasons for this: in the first instance, the idea of so-called antisepsis of the bowel has taken firm hold of the profession; and in the second place, there has been a wonderful improvement in nursinDg and indeed if I had to rely on one only of these hely; -to treatment I should unhesitatingly ask for a good staif of nurses. Another reason no doubt is that, thanks ,o Jenner and Murchison, the diagnosis of the dis§asi Man be made at an earlier date, and therefore the -v,per dieting of the patient can be begun at once. aPnLd much intestinal catarrh be thereby avoided. Much stilt1remains to be done in this direction, and only a ,W_ Ottwo ago I had occasiOn to see two very bad cases of the disease in which the diagnosis of typhoid had been scouted because of the absence of diarrhoea and spots. No question has been more debated, no proposition more ridiculed than the idea of antisepsis, and this no doubt because some injudicious advocates have looked on so-called anti8eptic remedies as germicidal. The abandonment of this idea, and the proposition that the object of their administration is not to kill the typhoid bacillus, but only to render its influence less hurtful by improving the condition of the bowel, and by diminishing the risk of a secondary fever from putrefaction and the development of ptomaines, has done much to stimulate active inquiry into their value. In the admirable address on the Treatment of Typhoid Fever which Sir William Jenner delivered to the members of 6 the Midland Medical Society in 1879, hetwo important statements. First, he said, and si .hall the weight that his unique experience conveye&d, '&have never known a case of typhoid fever cut short by afq remedial agent, that is, cured." Secondly, he declared his conviction that " the treatment of typhoid fever is essentially rational." If by rational treatment we mean the treatment of symptoms, I for one must admit that to-day we are no further advanced than Jenner was in I879, but I must claim that we have made great strides in the rational application of the use of antiseptic drugs to the relief of our patients. The multitude of these remedies is in itself a refutation of the especial advantages of any one of them. Dr. Wilks of Ashford in 1870 used sulphurous acid in 172 cases with only one death, that of a drunkard, who would not take his medicine, a most admirable result, but one not unequalled, and unfortunately credited by him with the conclusion that "sulphurous acid arrests the further development of the fever poison, and, by continuing this arrest long enough, exterminates the fever. Briefly it is an antidote." If this conclusion were justified, it would inevitably appear that not to use the acid would be criminal, but we find that others have not been equally successful while using it, and have abandoned it for other methods of antiseptic treatment. Dr. Burney Yeo tried it, but failed to satisfy himself of its supreme value, and preferred rather to combine the successful treatment of others, and got better results from a combination of free chlorine with quinine. This method was fully described in a most interesting paper read before this Branch by Dr. Nason of Nuneaton in 1894, who met with the following results from its use: I. Reduction of temperature to a greater or less extent. 2. Improvement in condition Of tongue and mouth.' 3. Recuction of foetor of stool*. 4. Improvement in general appearance and condition, with a greater selise of well-being, and less hebetude. These effects were constant, and in addition he found that: x. Attacks frequently aborted. 2. There was a greater fref;dom from complications 3. There was a shortened 'febrile period. 4. There was a more rapid convalescence. ;. There was a low mortality. To results such as these a comment similar to that used about Dr. Wilks's cases is applicable-if they were due to the treatment it would be our bounden duty to use the same methods. But -were they? For my part I tried the treatment, but was not satisfied with it; and the multitude of other methods is the surest answer to its claims for preeminence. Niemeyer and Murchison used dilute chlorine water: Jenner gave charcoal as an antiseptic, with the comment that " other correctives of fcetor or antiseptics will have as ,good effect, but this has given me such satisfactory results that I have not resorted to other remedies." Sir Thomas Watson pushed the use of mercury till he got physiological effects with the best results. Dr. Kesteven, of Brisbane, using oil of eucalyptus, had only 4 deaths out of 220 cases. Others have used camphor, creasote, thymol, 8 naphthol, salicylate of bismuth, and quinine. Everyone seems to be satisfied with the particular drug employed, and everyone seems to value the remedy for the antiseptic effect produced. These remedies have the mechanical advantage of relieving the distension of the intestines, and so by the diminution of the stretching of the bowel rendering less likely the giving way of its wall, and the occurence of perforation.


Ultralow-temperature sinterable alumina-45SnF2:25SnO:30P2O5 glass (Al2O3-SSP glass) composite has been developed for microelectronic applications. The 45SnF2:25SnO:30P2O5 glass prepared by melt quenching from 450°C has a low Tg of about 93°C. The SSP glass has er and tanδ of 20 and 0.007, respectively, at 1 MHz. In the microwave frequency range, it has er=16 and Qu × f=990 GHz with τf=−290 ppm/°C at 6.2 GHz with coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value of 17.8 ppm/°C. A 30 wt.% Al2O3-70 wt.% SSP composite was prepared by sintering at different temperatures from 150°C to 400°C. The crystalline phases and dielectric properties vary with sintering temperature. The alumina-SSP composite sintered at 200°C has er=5.41 with a tanδ of 0.01 (1 MHz) and at microwave frequencies it has er=5.20 at 11 GHz with Qu × f=5500 GHz with temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf)=−18 ppm/°C. The CTE and room-temperature thermal conductivity of the composite sintered at 200°C are 8.7 ppm/°C and 0.47 W/m/K, respectively. The new composite has a low sintering temperature and is a possible candidate for ultralow-temperature cofired ceramics applications.


Xinran Wang Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China Email: email@example.com The great research progresses in materials sciences in the past decades have revealed that reduced dimension can have significant influences on the properties of materials. Since the successful fabrication of graphene in 2004 by Novoselov and Geim, two-dimensional (2D) crystals have attracted great attention because of their novel properties and great application potentials. 2D materials are single and fewatom-thick layers of crystalline materials. Within a single layer of 2D materials, atoms are connected through strong covalent bonds, whereas neighboring layers are typically only bonded via weak van der Waals interactions. With the rapid developments in both top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods, a lot of new 2D materials beyond graphene have been uncovered, such as BN sheet, silicene, graphdiyne, transition metal chalcogenides and black phosphorus. In 2D materials, electrons are mainly confined into planes, leading to many novel electronic properties such as massless carriers, strong excitonic effects and valley polarization that have potential application in the next generation of electronic devices. In addition, due to the 2D character, 2D materials have maximum mechanical flexibility and optical transparency which are feasible for highly flexible and transparent electronic/optoelectronic devices. Moreover, van der Waals heterostructures can be formed through stacking of different 2D materials. Such heterostructures have atomic sharp interface without dangling bond, and there is no lattice-match requirement. In terms of material choice and layer thickness control, there can be enormous variability in designing van der Waals heterostructures, which is promising to fulfill the demands of future nanoelectronic industry on multifunctionality. Although the industrialization of 2D materials is still at a relatively early stage, based on the research achievements made, we fully believe that 2D materials could be utilized for daily life in the future. Here we organized a specific topic on 2D materials and devices, and we are grateful to the 12 groups of researchers who are working in 2D materials and were invited to either overview recent important progress in literature or contribute their research progress in 2D materials. We have 5 reviews focusing on the synthesis of 2D BN, the Raman properties of transition metal dichalcogenides, and van der Waals heterostructures, optoelectronics based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and heterostructures, respectively. In addition, we have 7 research papers covering the synthesis and imaging, photoresponse, doping properties, band structure modulation, and quantum transport in various 2D materials. The topics presented in this special issue are all the main and/or future research directions in 2D materials. We sincerely hope that the published papers in this special issue can provide useful information to the readers working in this hot area.


The criteria for adiabatic power flow along tapered mismatched directional couplers are discussed. The authors present the coupled local normal mode equations for tapered mismatched directional couplers. From these, the authors derive an optimally short profile for obtaining quasi-adiabatic power propagation. Apart from the trivial case where the mismatch is a constant, this is the only known mismatch profile for which analytical solutions of the coupled local normal mode equations exist. Conditions for which an adiabatic coupler can be used to obtain approximately 100% power transfer from one core to the other are also given. >


Research Through Design (RtD) has recently grown as a perspective in the fields of HCI – Human Computer Interaction and interaction design research. With a focus on making and doing as a way of exp ...


Tinnitus is one of the most common ENT complaints. The peculiarity of this disease is lack of objective measurements. It is hard to monitor evaluation of treatment results. The main reference points, such as the presence or absence of ear noise – are not sufficient to determine this pathology. Also, most of these patients have negative emotions connected with their ear noise. That is why the characteristics of tinnitus and its influence on the quality of life are very individual. Thus, it is advisable to distinguish two components of ear noise: noise itself, as a physical quantity that has amplitude and frequency parameters, and noise, as the main source of subjective suffering of the patient. To determine the characteristics of these two noise components, we used two diagnostic methods: standard noise measurement and a visually analog scale to assess the degree of discomfort caused by ear noise. In current study, we investigated interconnection between tinnitus intensity measured by tinnitus matching and data of visual-analog scale of subjective perception of tinnitus. We evaluated that severity of tinnitus intensity did not correlate with thresholds in tinnitus pitch matching. In addition, with the help of international questionnaire survey SCL-90-R we revealed correlation between subjective noise level and patient's psycho-emotional condition.


This study ascertains perceived user value of online supermarkets, particularly addressing two use processes: the continuous use of online supermarkets from inception until now, and the process of use for not only the purchase of food products, but the post purchase cooking stage. At the beginning of online supermarket use, users assess their benefits by comparison with a supermarket cooperative. Subsequently, they develop the inherent value of online supermarkets by using them continuously, while applying personal conditions, such as convenience and objectives, which vary among individuals. The addition of the cooking stage to the process of using online supermarkets helps users actively create value and meaning for online supermarkets.


The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of crystals can retard electron-beam (e-beam) radiation degradation, and their effects on the thermal and morphological properties of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) upon e-beam irradiation. Isothermal annealing at 115 °C was carried out on PLGA films and the effect of different annealing times on the degree of crystallinity (DOC) of PLGA was recorded. The DOC increased with annealing time to a maximum value, and remained unchanged with further annealing. The annealed films were then e-beam irradiated at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 30 Mrad. The degradation of the films was studied by measuring the changes in their molecular weight, DOC, thermal properties and FTIR spectra. It was observed that, regardless of the DOC of the films, the molecular weight of PLGA generally decreased with increasing radiation dose, indicating that chain scission is dominant. However, the extent of degradation is less for the films with a higher DOC. The thermal properties of PLGA also decreased with increasing radiation dose. Radiation increases the DOC for films with initial crystallinity below 5 % but decreases the DOC for films with initial crystallinity above 5 %. Crystals in PLGA films decreased the extent of radiation degradation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry


In this article it is shown from a historical perspective that the Infinitive form of the verbs in contemporary Russian is supine, that is a verbal noun. Examples from the Old Church Slavonic infinitive and supine form are provided to support this claim.


Summary Aim: To evaluate, whether scintigraphic studies with radiolabeled erythrocytes may be used to demonstrate the formation of new vessels during angiogenesis and if an effect on antiangiogenetic therapy could be detected. Methods: As an angiogenesis model we used the ingrowth of blood vessels in matrigel, subcutaneously injected into mice. In order to measure the relative blood volume in the matrigel non-invasively, mouse erythrocytes were labeled with Technetium-99m DTPA. The amount of activity in the matrigel was measured 30 minutes after injection of the radiolabeled erythrocytes with a gammacamera (in-vivo) and a gammacounter (ex-vivo). These results were correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin in the matrigel and the immunhistochemically evaluated density of blood vessels. The influence of the angiogenesis stimulating growth factor (bFGF) and the antiangiogenetic effect of the cyclooxigenase type 2 inhibitor (COX-2) NS398 were tested. Results: There was a close correlation between the activity concentration in the matrigel and the hemoglobin content. Treatment with bFGF significantly increased the activity concentration from 1.74% ± ID/g to 4.06% ± 0.36 (p < 0.01), whereas treatment with NS398 significantly inhibited tracer uptake from 2.83% ID/g ± 0.33 to 0.87% ID/g ± 0.12 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of using 99mTc labelled erythrocytes for scintigraphic imaging to assess the effects of angiogenesis stimulating and inhibiting interventions noninvasively.


Rough surfaced substrates made by different  methods have been shown to increase osteoblastic differentiation ; however , it has not been clear whether roughness itse且f was responsible for this increase. In this study , we examined  the effect of roughened substrates , by excluding the factors other than roughness , on osteoblastic proliferation and diferentiation, Rat calvarial cens were cultured on plastic cover strips having varied degrees of roughness by the treatment with four kinds of grinding papers with different particle size . The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP ) expression of calvarial cells increased on the rough surfaced cover strips . The proliferation and the expression increased in response to the increase in the degree of surface roughness upto approximately O.8μm of average roughness ,


Abstract : This report evaluates the alkyl monohydric alcohols from methanol through the butanols (C-1 to C-4) as Navy ship propulsion fuels. Properties of the alcohols from the technical literature are compared with the properties of Navy ship propulsion hydrocarbon fuels (Diesel Fuel Marine and JP-5). None of these alcohols is suitable as a direct substitute or as an extender for the currently used ship propulsion fuels. The use of methanol with its low volumetric energy content would entail over a 50% reduction in range between refuelings; the use of the other alcohols would result in roughly 25% to 40% loss of range. All the C-1 to C-4 alcohols have flash points below the 60 C minimum considered safe for shipboard fuels. Also, all have low cetane numbers, high water solubility, and problems with toxicity. However, methanol and mixtures of low-boiling alcohols are potentially usable as fuels for new ships specifically designed for their use.


This article considers debates and conflicts over map secrecy in the early years of the Soviet Union. It argues that tensions among the numerous political, military and civilian bureaucratic agencies which had with an interest in the collation and use of topographical knowledge refl ected different ideas about Soviet post-revolutionary development and competing visions of the role of the state and the prerogatives of society within the new socialist system.


Since the discovery of the Stroop effect, researchers have conducted in-depth exploration on it from various angles, but the impact of language on it is not very clear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the different languages effects on the Stroop effect of Chines-English bilinguals based on the modified Stroop test. Chinese and English versions of Stroop test were used to test the reaction of 30 Chinese native speakers (14 males and 16 females) who were proficient in English. Participants will be shown with 10 English words and then 10 Chinese words. After a 1-minine-breake, 10 Chinese words and 10 English words will be shown. According to the analysis, the main effect of language type was significant, and participants took longer to respond correctly to the Stroop task in the second language version than in the native language version. Moreover, the main effect of word color consistency and the interaction between them were not significant. This study revealed that language type had a significant impact on the results of Stroop task. Future research should further explore the impact mechanism and compare the results between Stroop tasks using different language versions or based on different cultural backgrounds. These results shed light for how language types affected Stroop effect and offer a guideline for the relationship between bilinguals and Stroop


To describe a technique for the detection of distinct brain fibers in sets of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.


The latest data from LinkOut Team NCBI/US NLM show that the number of hits to World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG) articles linked to LinkOut of PubMed reached 2254327 during the period of April, 2004, to September, 2007; further, the number was 72532 for the month of September, 2007, which was 7344 hits higher than that of the same period in 2006.

The MEDLINE database, as one of most important components of PubMed, a web searching system managed by NCBI of America, provides statistical data for life science related journals. All 6200 articles published on WJG from 1998 to 2007 are covered by PubMed (Figure (Figure11).

Figure 1

All 6200 articles published on WJG from 1998 to 2007 have been indexed by PubMed.

The data from PubMed also show that the average monthly hits to WJG articles linked on PubMed has been increasing every year since WJG started being covered by PubMed in Apr, 2004. Since that time, the total number of hits has been 344499 in 2004, 47110 in 2005, 66305 in 2006, and 67760 in 2007, with a milestone being reached in 2006 when WJG was recovered by SCI.

The above data clearly indicate that the quality of articles published in WJG has been increasing, and attracting more widespread attention at the same time.


A one-solution type thermosetting resin composition is provided to be superior in adhesive strength, flatness, transparency, heat resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance, and to have long-term storage stability at ambient temperature or high temperature. A one-solution type thermosetting resin composition for a protective film of a color filter includes (A) 1-60wt% of a self-curable copolymer comprising structures represented by the following formula 1, formula 2, formula 3, and formula 4 as the repeating units, (B) 1-60wt% of an epoxy resin, (C) 0.0001-0.1wt% of a base generator, and (D) the balance of an organic solvent. In the formula 1, a represents 5-80 mol%. In the formula 2, b represents 5-40 mol%. In the formula 3, c represents 5-40 mol%. In the formula 4, d represents 5-40 mol%.


In order to test cold tolerance of rice plants 16 varieties were treated at day/night temperature of 10/5 at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th leaf stages. Indicajaponica varieties were more sensitive to low temperature than a japonica variety. Among indicajaponica varieties, "Tongil", "Suweon #251", and "Suweon #277" were less sensitive to low temperature compared to other indicajaponica varieties tested. The 4th leaf stage was more sensitive to low temperature than 2nd and 6th leaf stages. than 2nd and 6th leaf stages.


Anhydrous GeCl4 reacts with the closo-stannacarboranes 1-Sn-2-(SiMe3)-3-(R)-2,3-C2B4H4 (R = SiMe3 (I), Me (II), and H (III)) in the absence of solvents to give the corresponding closo-germacarboranes 1-Ge-2-(SiMe3)-3-(R)-5-(GeCl3)-2,3-C2B4H3 (R = SiMe3 (IV), Me (V), and H (VI)) in yields of 43%, 22%, and 51%, respectively. Despite the presence of two potential Lewis-acid sites, the reactions of the germacarboranes with the bases C10H8N2, C8H6N4, and C15H11N3 produced exclusively 1-(L)-2-(SiMe3)-3-(R)-5-(GeCl3)-1,2,3-GeC2B4H3 (L = C10H8N2, R = SiMe3 (VII) and Me (VIII); L = C15H11N3, R = SiMe3 (XI)) or, when L = C8H6N4, the bridged complexes 1,1'-(2,2'-C8H6N4)-[1-Ge-2-(SiMe3)-3-(R)-5-(GeCl3)-2,3-C2B4H3]2 (R = SiMe3 (IX), Me (X)). The reaction of IV with (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4CH2(Me)2N) produced a 1:1 mixture of the salt {[(η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4CH2]2N(Me)2}+{GeCl3}- (XII) and 1-Ge[(η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4CH2(Me)2N)]-2,3-(SiMe3)2-5-(NMe2)-2,3-C2B4H3 (XIII), a germacarborane in which a NMe2 group replaced the GeCl3 moie...


The objective of this work is the synthesis and the characterization of new hybrid material, tin(II) oxalate, which has been prepared using hydrothermal method which is simple and very effective. Its crystal structure has been solved from single-crystal diffraction data. The symmetry is monoclinic, space group C2/c (No.15), cell dimensions a=10.3696(3) A, b=5.5042(2) A, c=8.2312(3) A, β=125.092(2)° and Z=4. The characterization of new compound, tin(II) oxalate with  formula SnC 2 O 4 , by X-ray single crystal shows that this compound has a three dimensional structure constitute of tin polyhedrons SnO 6 , with the lone pair of electrons presumably occupying one apex, linked together by oxalate groups. The resulting framework displays ellipsoidal holes parallel to c-axis.


Considering the demand of installing energy storage system by industrial users to reduce the basic electricity cost and increase the income of electricity sale, this paper proposes a detailed charging and discharging strategies calculation method to obtain the annual income. Based on the annual load historical data of industrial users, the charging and discharging modes and detailed strategies are determined according to the load characteristic and the electricity price period. Considering the influence of large and dense load on the peak load after peak shifting by storage system, a method of new peak load correction based on dichotomy iteration and backtracking mechanism is proposed. The case verification show that the monthly income is significantly affected by the industrial load characteristics. This method provides accurate income analysis for industrial users to ensure validity and economy of storage system investment.


In this study, advanced greyscale imaging analysis was conducted using the Adobe Photoshop 6 on the surfaces of masonry stones, taken from listed historic buildings, to accurately assess the effectiveness of building cleaning. Seven commonly used masonry stones and clay bricks for historic buildings were selected, together with seven abrasives adopted for air abrasive cleaning, e.g. copper slag (coarse, medium and fine), recycled glass (coarse, medium and fine) and natural abrasive. Here, only the results for granite, limestone and marble are presented. The cleaning degree at each stage was evaluated using greyscale images converted from original colour ones, where lower greyscale corresponded to dirtier surface and higher greyscale to brighter and cleaner surface. In general, greyscale continuously increased with the cleaning time and tended to be stable when the surface became fully cleaned. The abrasives with better performance were those with smaller particles sizes, i.e. the medium and fine abrasives. To investigate the cleaning degrees of the surfaces of the stone samples, a digital image analysis method, greyscale imaging analysis, was used. The mechanism of this method is to determine the grey degree of greyscale digital images converted from normal colour photos for assessing the building cleaning effectiveness. This technique has been largely used in civil engineering fields, e.g. geotechnical analysis of aggregate particles (Kuo & Freeman, 1998; Rao & Tutumluer, 2000; Chandan et al., 2004), automatic road surface detection (Treash & Amaratunga, 2000; Ghanta et al., 2012), etc. However, no much research has been reported on its use for assessing building cleaning. The authors tried to conduct preliminary digital imaging analysis using ColorPad by adopting two physical parameters (greyscale and cleanness) to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of stone cleaning and proved it is a useful and accurate method (Reza et al, 2012; Reza 2014). However, collecting data by using ColorPad is very time consuming because it could only read the greyscale values point by point. In this study, seven types of masonry stones and clay bricks most commonly used for historic buildings were selected, including granite, limestone, marble, red sandstone, yellow sandstone, red clay brick and yellow clay brick. Also, three main types, seven sub-types, of abrasives were adopted for air abrasive cleaning, including copper slag (coarse, medium and fine), recycled glass (coarse, medium and fine) and natural abrasive. All seven abrasives were either industrial by-products or natural products which were environmentally sustainable. Thus, there would be a total of forty-nine combinations. In this paper, only the results for granite, limestone and marble are presented. 2 PREPARATION OF STONE SAMPLES


E. T. Kirby's Ur-Drama offers shamanism as the immediate ancestor of theatre, Wagner's "great Unitarian artwork" that fragmented into modes of secular entertainment. The book raises issues beyond its content; the main one is the very notion that a single antecedent for theatre can and should be sought. Perhaps it is time to investigate evidence of performance in ancient times and in oral traditions for reasons other than the attempt to assign "origin." Kirby is working in the tradition of Frazer, Ridgeway, and Havemeyer; although he dismisses their findings, he is nevertheless a member of the "single origin" school and replicates their methodology. Ur-Drama fails for many of the same reasons Frazer's attempt failed: most importantly, because its concept is "synthetic" (Kirby on Frazer). Kirby quotes anthropologist Ruth Benedict's telling criticism of Frazer without realizing it applies to him as well:


Multifocal squamous cell carcinoma arose from one of the plaques of porokeratosis just above the right ankle in a 35-year-old female. Histopathological examination from the plaque and the ulcer confirmed the diagnosis of porokeratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. The multifocal origin of the squamous cell carcinoma and its location on a traumatic site are rare.


Base on the characteristics of the signals of alternative current field measurement and the theory of wavelet transform,flaw database network-store technique was introduced.Wavelet transform was applied to extract the characters of flaws.Flaw database was used to store the special characters of all kinds of flaws.The principle of lossless compression of signals of the technique was analyzed,and the problem in storing huge data was solved.It provided a way to get networked of nondestructive testing system.


In the paper industry, numerous studies have explored means of optimizing order allocation and cutting trim loss. However, enterprises may not adopt the resulting solutions because some widths of the inventory exceed or are less than those required for acceptable scheduling. To ensure that the results better suit the actual requirements, we present a new decision model based on the adjustment of scheduling and limitation of inventory quantity to differentiate trim loss and inventory distribution data. Differential analysis is used to reduce data filtering and the information is valuable for decision making. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. The results show that our proposed method outperforms the manual method regarding scheduling quantity and trim loss.


Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Introduction: We have used topographic data from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) in the Terra Cimmeria region on Mars running from latitudes 25 to 50°S (Fig. 1) to investigate the effects of climate on changing crater form. The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) global topographic data have already revealed that steep slopes are more prevalent near the equator and that gradual softening of topography occurs towards the poles [1] due to deposi-tion of a volatile-rich µmantling ¶ material [2]. We have taken advantage of the higher resolution of the HRSC data (30-90 m/pix in the 5 HRSC DEMs used compared to ~400 m/pix for MOLA) to investigate whether similar trends can be seen in crater shape. Approach: We used crater survey GT57633 [3] as a basis for our extended crater map in this region. For each crater we delineated four zones: north-, southeast stand west-facing (Fig. 2). Within each zone we calculated the curvature of the crater wall, its mean slope and its maximum slope. The process is illustrated in Fig. 2. This was achieved by averaging all data points in 100m distance intervals from the centre-point. The maximum and mean slopes were calculated from these profiles. For each profile the distance from the centre-point was normalized by the crater radius and the height was normalized by overall crater depth. A power-law of the form y = Ax n was fitted to the normalized data. The exponent n of the power law describes the curvature of the crater walls, low values being bowl-shaped and high values being flat-bottomed, or U-shaped. We also performed a rudimentary classification of craters into µyoung ¶, those with visible ejecta and sharp rim, and otherwise µold ¶. We compared results from our 30 and 90 m HRSC elevation models, to those from MOLA gridded data at ~400m resolution. Results: We measured 433 craters ranging from 1 to 64 km in diameter in the region. The exponent of the power law (n) increases towards higher latitudes and this is more marked for south-facing slopes. This trend is almost undetectable in MOLA data. This implies craters become more µU ¶ shaped, or flat-bottomed rather than bowl-shaped towards the …