Phase contrast MRI has been used to investigate flow pulsatility in cerebral arteries, larger cerebral veins and the cerebrospinal fluid. Such measurements of intracranial pulsatility and compliance are beginning to inform understanding of the pathophysiology of conditions including normal pressure hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis and dementias. We demonstrate the presence of flow pulsatility in small cerebral cortical veins, for the first time using phase contrast MRI at 7 Tesla, with the aim of improving our understanding of the haemodynamics of this little-studied vascular compartment. An automated method for establishing where venous flow is pulsatile is introduced, revealing significant pulsatility in 116 out of 146 veins, across 8 healthy participants, assessed in parietal and frontal regions. Distributions of pulsatility index and pulse waveform delay were characterized, indicating a small, but statistically significant (p<0.05), delay of 59±41 ms in cortical veins with respect to the superior sagittal sinus, but no differences between veins draining different arterial supply territories. Measurements of pulsatility in smaller cortical veins, a hitherto unstudied compartment closer to the capillary bed, could lead to a better understanding of intracranial compliance and cerebrovascular (patho)physiology.


Objective
To observe the effects of total enteral nutrition(TEN) and early combined parenteral nutrition(PEN+ TEN) in patients with esophageal cancer after operation.

Methods
The prospective, random, controlled clinical trial was adopted. One hundred patients receiving esophageal cancer operation were randomly assigned to the TEN group(50 cases) and the PEN+ TEN group(50 cases). The differences in nutritional status, inflammatory response, immune status and postoperative complications were compared in the two groups before and after operation.

Results
The levels of total serum protein, albumin or retinol binding protein were higher in the PEN group than the TEN group at the 10th day after operation, respectively[(60.1±6.2)g/L vs(55.3±9.3)g/L, (36.4±4.2)g/L vs(34.6±1.6)g/L, (43.3±5.9)g/L vs(34.9±3.3)g/L, P<0.05] . The levels of ESR or CRP were higher in PEN+ TEN group than the TEN group at the 10th day after operation, respectively[(54.9±25.8)mm/h vs(31.8±14.2)mm/h, (30.9±13.2)g/L vs(15.8±6.1)g/L, P<0.01] . The levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , or CD8+ were higher at the 10th day after operation than at the day before surgery in TEN group[(59.6±9.8)%vs(68.3±4.4)%, (41.7±7.8)%vs(46.5±5.5)%, (23.2±5.5)%vs(20.0±2.7)%, P<0.05], but not in PEN+ TEN group. The levels of IgA or IgG were significant higher in the TEN group than the PEN+ TEN group at the 10th day after operation[(1.9±0.5)g/L vs(1.6±0.3)g/L, (11.9±3.3)g/L vs(9.4±2.2)g/L, P<0.01].

Conclusion
The inflammatory reaction and immune function in TEN group are better than those in PEN+ TEN group. Although the nutritional status is worse in the TEN group than that in the PEN group, but the rate of postoperative complications has not increased.

Key words:
Postoperative; Esophageal cancer; Total enteral nutrition; Parenteral nutrition; Immune status


Since 1970s, urethane waterproofing method is broadly used in rooftops, underground spaces, and sports stadium for its outstanding ultraviolet blockage, watertightness, and elasticity. However, development of slippage-resistance and endurance, improvement of function considering convenience and visually pleasing of users, urethane waterproofing method is necessary, since rooftops and underground spaces have slippage and external force risks. Therefore, many improved waterproofing methods are being developed and, recently, embo-thane waterproofing method, which applies embo-spray coating system, has been developed. This paper explains exposure, nonexposure, and floor-material of embo-thane waterproofing method, and then perform experimental study for comparison with urethane waterproofing method about tensile strength, coefficient of expansion, performance of bond, anti-abrasion, and slippage-resistance. In addition, the performance index was presented for the superiority of embo-thane waterproofing method compared to urethane by setting up evaluation criteria considering not only physical performance but also design side of embo-thane waterproofing method, and Value Analysis applying AHP. Also for an assessment considering uncertain result, Monte Carlo Simulation Method was used to operate reliability analysis through statistic approach method.


Background and Goal of Study: Emergency cricothyroidotomy is the last stage of most airway management algorithms. We investigated the frequency and success of this intervention in a physician based pre-hospital trauma service. We also investigated what proportion of surgical airways were performed as primary procedures rather than following failed intubation. We tried to define which patient groups were most likely to require this intervention. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database review was conducted of an urban physician based pre-hospital trauma service. The following data was collected: number of cricothyroidotomies performed, success rate, whether intubation was attempted first and injuries present. Until 2004 all patients who could not be intubated had cricothyroidotomy performed. After that the option of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway was introduced. The number of LMA uses was recorded and implication on frequency of surgical cricothyroidotomy considered. Results and Discussion: During the period studied (17 years) 18902 patients were attended. 3925 were intubated and 59 cricothyroidotomies performed (1.5%), all of which were successful. Thirty nine were performed after failed intubation and 20 as primary procedures. The median of available injury severity scores of those that had cricothyroidotomy was 37. The median GCS was 3 (mean 5.3). Thirty two (54%) were in respiratory or cardiac arrest when the procedure was carried out. Ten were trapped, 3 had trismus and 7 had severe burns. Twenty had direct injury to the upper airway. There were 4 LMA uses two of which received cricothyroidotomy prior to transfer. Conclusion(s): The rate of cricothyroidotomy in this system is similar to that described in other systems but the success rate is higher in this physician led system [1,2]. A significant proportion were carried out as primary procedures because of entrapment or anatomical disruption. Those that required the procedure were severely injured. LMA use may reduce the rate of cricothyroidotomy but not replace it in this patient population. References: 1 Robinson KJ, Katz R, Jacobs LM A 12-year experience with prehospital cricothyrotomies Air Med J. 2001 Nov-Dec; 20(6): 27–30. 2 Dunham CM, Barraco RD, Clark DE, Daley BJ, Davis FE et al. Guidelines for emergency tracheal intubation immediately after traumatic injury. J Trauma. 2003 Jul; 55(1): 162–79.


A highly uniform and selective nitride spacer etch process for use in advanced sub-0.35 /spl mu/m devices has been developed in the Dielectric Etch M/spl times/P+ MERIE chamber. One application involves etching the nitride film down to the gate oxide with minimal oxide loss. The nitride spacer process is also used to etch the nitride and oxide while stopping on the silicon. This process was developed for both 150 mm and 200 mm M/spl times/P+ chambers. Obtaining a good uniformity and high selectivities while maintaining a vertical profile is essential to a production worthy process. A CHF/sub 3//Ar based main etch process provides a controllable nitride etch rate (800-1700 /spl Aring//min) with good uniformity (/spl sim/4%, max-min/2*ave) while providing a proper profile and maintaining the spacer width. This main etch process gives a high selectivity to silicon. A second, CH/sub 3/F/O/sub 2/ based process step is used for overetch past the endpoint to stop on oxide with minimal oxide loss (<50 /spl Aring/).


Evidence suggests a link between mistimed light exposure and impaired glucose regulation among nonpregnant adults, yet little is known about the magnitude and significance of evening light exposure during pregnancy. This study examined the relationship between evening light exposure before sleep, during pregnancy, and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

 In this prospective cohort study conducted at 8 U.S. clinical sites, nulliparous women wore a wrist actigraphy monitor and completed a daily sleep diary for seven days between 160 and 216 weeks' gestation. The primary exposure variable was time spent above 10 lux (dim light) during the three hours preceding sleep onset ("TAT10 pre-sleep"), averaged over valid days of recording and categorized to tercile groups ("High", "Medium", "Low"). Primary outcome variable was the incidence of GDM. Associations of TAT10 pre-sleep groups with baseline characteristics, sleep and activity variables were examined with Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize the relationship between pre-sleep light exposure and GDM.

 901 eligible women consented to participate; 758 submitted valid actigraphy recordings. Excluding women with pre-gestational diabetes and those with unknown gestational diabetes status, 741 were included in the analysis. Greater pre-sleep light exposure was associated with an increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.49 [1.8–23.84] in high and 4.05 [1.27–17.94] in medium vs 1 [reference] in low group). Women in the high group had more daytime light and were less likely to be late (midpoint > 5AM) or fragmented (wake after sleep onset ≥ 75th percentile) sleepers. Sleep duration, mean activity level, and light during sleep were not different between groups. After adjusting separately for age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sleep duration, sleep midpoint, education, employment schedule, season, and daytime light exposure, pre-sleep light exposure remained significantly associated with GDM.

 Increased evening light exposure in pregnancy may be an under-recognized, potentially modifiable risk factor for GDM. Future research should investigate light-targeted interventions as a potential preventive strategy for GDM.

 R01HL105549, nuMoM2b Network


This paper is to study the demand for money during the Chinese inflation of 1945-49. Based on the Chinese experience, the results confirm the hypothesis that during hyperinflation the expected rate of change in prices is the most important variable in the demand function for money. The estimated value of the coefficient of cash balances adjustment is close to one. Thus, the assumption that the desired level of real cash balances tends to equal the actual level during hyperinflation is supported.


Background and Aim: According to the announcement of the WHO, mental Disorder is as important as physical health and is affected by a combination of social, psychological and biological components. This study aimed to explain the sociological grounds which affect the mental health of Arak's residents in 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 15-64 year old population living in Arak. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and determining the effective sociological parameters on them, questions from Durkheim and Merton's theories were used. The sample size was 384 using Cochran formula and data gathering was done using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Findings: Mean and SD of participants' age was 34±13 years, mean and SD of household size was 1.5±4.5. 98.7% of participants were Shia, 72.9% were urban and 74% owned their home. The total prevalence of mental disorders was 28.9%: 23.31% in men and 34.55% in women. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, religion, ethnicity, structural and social pressures, family problems, congestion, anomy, traffic problems and social capital were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of mental disorders in this study, it is recommended that mediating institutions as ethical and legal entities be recognized by the government and try harder to reorganise and realize the individual rights and social cohesion. Please cite this article as: Tavakol M, Farahani H. Sociological Study of Mental Disorders: A Case Study in Arak. Bioethics Journal 2017; 7(26): 7-21.


Human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes; PMN) respond to some CXC chemokines but do not migrate to CC chemo-kines. Recent work has shown that chemokine receptors can be modulated by inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effect ofIFN-g, a prototypic Th1 cytokine, on chemokine receptor expression in PMN was investigated. IFN-gcaused a rapid (;1h)andconcentration-dependent increase of CCR1 and CCR3 mRNA. The expression of CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR1–4 was not aug-mented. IFN-g-treated PMN, but not control cells, expressed specific binding sites for labeled monocyte-chemotactic protein(MCP)-3 and migrated to macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, RANTES, MCP-3, MIP-5/HCC2, and eotaxin. 7B11, amAb for CCR3, inhibited the chemotactic response of IFN-g-treated PMN to eotaxin, and aminoxypentane-RANTES blockedPMN migration to RANTES. These results suggest that the selectivity of certain chemokines for their target cells may be alteredby cytokines produced within an inflammatory context. Since PMN may play a role in orienting immunity toward Th1 responses,it is possible to speculate that IFN-gnot only promotes Th1 differentiation directly, but also reorients the functional significanceof Th2 effector cytokines by broadening the spectrum of their action to include PMN. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162:474–479.


L-Tyrosine-O-sulfate is a constituent of both human and porcine hormones gastrin and cholecystokininpancreozymin. The potassium salt of L-tyrosine-O-sulfate crystallized as a dihydrate in space group P2t212x with a= 19.221 +_0.001, b= 11.946_0.001 and c=5-893_+0.001 A. The calculated density for four formula units of C9Hl lNO6S.2H20 is 1"651 g.cm -3, measured 1.649 g.cm-3. The structure was determined by the conventional heavy-atom technique and refined by full-matrix least squares to an R value of 0.039. The penta-coordinated K + ion is chelated to the sulfate oxygen atom and the carboxyl oxygen atom of the same molecule. The crystal structure is dominated by ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. One of the water protons is not involved in hydrogen bonding nor is the sulfate ester oxygen atom. The conformation about the C(2)-C(3) bond is syn, rather than anti commonly observed in the absence of metal ions. The amino nitrogen atom is 0"4 A out of the plane of the carboxylate group. The ester oxygen-sulfur bond makes a projected angle of 56 ° with the aromatic ring. A conformational analysis of tyrosine derivatives is given; the mean torsional angle about the C(3)-C(4) bonds is about 92 ° with a range of 51 o.


Statistical literacy, the ability to understand and make use of statistical information including methods, has particular relevance in the age of data science, when complex analyses are undertaken by teams from diverse backgrounds. Not only is it essential to communicate to the consumers of information but also within the team. Writing from the perspective of a statistician who later taught himself about data visualisation and machine learning, I consider some pitfalls for communication and drivers of behaviour within the team. Recruiters and managers also play a part in creating a workplace where speed and novelty are sometimes over-valued. Statisticians have a duty to educate and shape this exciting new workplace.


The phenomenon of abusing of the intellectual property right is general in the era of knowledge-driven economy.Traditional ways of preventing the abusing of right in the private law are not obvious enough.It has important realistic meanings that introduce the antimonopoly law to the legal system.At first,this article analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional ways in preventing the abusing the intellectual property right,and makes the preliminary demonstration of the feasibility of preventing the abusing the intellectual property right with the antitrust regulation,and puts forward the questions which should be paid attention to the legislation of antimonopoly law in our country.


Partial support for this work was provided by the MassTech Collaborative Research Matching Grant Program, National Science Foundation award #1347525 and several commercial partners of the Mass Open Cloud who may be found at http://www.massopencloud.org.


A new dammarane-type triterpene monoglucoside, named isoginsenoside-Rh3, has been isolated from the fruits of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey, together with eight known analogs, ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rg1, -Rh1, -Rh2. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, the structure of isoginsenoside-Rh3 has been elucidated as 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammarane-(E)-20(22),24-diene-3β,12β-diol (1).


FIELD: metal processing. SUBSTANCE: method comprises cutting a workpiece from a steel bar on slitting machine, feeding workpiece on NC lathe machine and turning in one pass. Workpiece is then processed successively on two laser units. On one of them metal surface is cleaned with a stream of ions and a developed surface is formed, and on second prepared surface of metal chromium is applied with addition of nickel. Workpiece is fed to NC lathe and turned at coating without using cooling liquid to obtain required diameter of cutter. Turned workpiece is heat treated in a furnace in a vacuum. Workpiece is then transferred to electric erosion installation and grooves are made. Gear cutter then cuts teeth and cuts off each cutter on electric erosion installation. Side surface of each cutter is cleaned if necessary on grinding machine. EFFECT: higher operability of cutting edge of disc cutter with hard-alloy coating after sharpening with multiple use of cutter. 1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex


We describe our efforts in coordinating a lecture series in our department. Talks are given by faculty, students, and others. We also discuss how we encourage student participation by incorporating it into other courses via a Professional Development Points system. The program has increased student engagement in departmental activities and allowed several students to gain valuable presentation experience.


Abstract : A description is given of the device developed for use with a 10-gallon vertical mixer of figure-of-eight design fitted with two equispeed semi- helical solid blades rotating in fixed bearings. Blade-to-wall clearances are approximately 5 mm. High spots are detected from a linear reproduction of clearances on a paper record. The device can readily be used for a wide range of blade sizes and clearances. Risk of detachment from the blade is slight and resultant damage unlikely due to lightness.


A Field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2017 at the main research field of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Allahabad U.P. (India) A study was conducted on Effect of seed hardening treatment and foliar application on yield parameter of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.)] (MASH-338) during Kharif 2017. An attempt was made to identify a suitable and effective chemical for seed hardening and foliar improving the seed yield and quality. The chemicals and botanical treatment used for seed hardening and foliar application were T0 (Control), T1 (2% KNo3), T2 (2% KCl), T3 (2% CaCl2), T4 (2% KH2Po4), T5 (5% Gulmohar (Delonixelata) leaf extract), T6 (5% Curry leaf (Murrya koenigii) leaf extract), T7 (5% Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract), T8 (5% Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract). Seed hardening with T2 (2% KCl) improved the seed quality and yield parameters, compared to control. Seed hardening with T2 (2% KCl) and foliar application improved the seed yield and quality parameters, compared to control.


Objective: To evaluate the occurrences of asymptomatic bacteriuria among healthy pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic of General Hospital Minna, Nigeria. To test for sensitivity to commonly used treatments. Methodology: Two hundred mid- stream urine samples were collected in a sterile universal bottle. The cultured plates were examined. The morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined. Results: The bacteria isolates recovered from urine samples includes E. coli 32 (51.6%), Klebsiella sp 19 (30.6%), S. aureus 3(4.8%) and P. aeruginosa 8(12.9%). Gentamicin, Amoxycilin and Impenem were the most sensitive antibiotics. Conclusion: Infections caused by isolated bacteria can be successfully treated with Gentamicin, Amoxycillin and Impenem antibiotics. Recommendation: The study recommends periodic testing for asymptomatic bacteriuria, for pregnant women.


The problem of minimizing the L∞-norm of some stable rational matrix E(s) subject to two basic types of matrix interpolation constraints is considered: given anti-stable rational matrices N¯(s) and M¯(s), the interpolating matrix £(s) is required to satisfy either the condition N¯(s)E(s) = M¯(s) or the condition that N¯(s)E(s) has an unstable projection equal to M¯(s). These two kinds of constraints are directly related to model-matching problems arising from H∞ optimal control. Specific conditions on N¯(s) and M¯(s) for the interpolation problems to be well-posed are discussed and closed-form characterizations for both optimal and suboptimal solutions in E(s) are provided. The analysis is based on a state-space setting and the results are suitable for computational purposes.


A belt of metasedimentary rocks about 60 miles long and from a half to 2 miles wide occurs in the northwestern Piedmont of Virginia. It lies along or near the axis of the Catoctin Mountain-Blue Ridge anticlinorium about midway between the Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian formations in the Blue Ridge and Late Precambrian and possibly younger formations in the Piedmont. The belt of rocks occurs as an infold that is locally faulted. The infold is overturned toward the northwest in the southwestern end but becomes open to the northeast. The metasedimentary rocks are equivalent in part to the Lynchburg and Swift Run formations.


The purpose of this study was to establish the role of gender communication on students' academic behaviour in ten public secondary schools in Makadara Sub-County, Nairobi. Objectives were to establish the effects of conversational styles on student's academic behaviour, to establish the effects of gender communication biases on students' academic behaviour and to establish the effects of gender communication factors on students' academic behaviour. The target population of interest for this study was 1200 form four students from the ten public secondary schools in Makadara Sub-County, Nairobi. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample of schools which included boys, girls and mixed gender schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the 120 sampled students. End of term three examination results 2013 were analyzed to establish the performance of these students from sampled subjects taught by teachers of opposite gender. Pilot testing was done with questionnaires to test reliability and validity. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to process and analyse data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to run descriptive analysis to produce frequency distribution and percentages. From the findings, the researcher established that gender communication plays a role on students academic performance behaviour. Female students taught by male teachers perfomed better in Chemistry whereas male students taught by female teachers performed better in English. This is supported by Wentzel (2008) who states that a strong teacher-student relationship characterized by caring and high expectations for students' success maybe promotive of universal benefits such as good performance and positive academic behavior. The findings also established that gender steorotypes still exists in learning institutions where male teachers dominated science subjects while female teacher dominated languages and art subjects. Since this study was done in Makadara Sub-County, it is recommended that a similar study be carried in other counties to elicit a more accurate national perception of enhancing positive student academic behaviour. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship Vol.1, Issue 13, 2014 http://www.ijsse.org ISSN 2307-6305 Page | 2


In this paper, the diurnal and seasonal variations of the ionospheric slab thickness in an ionosonde chain over magnetic equator of Southeast Asia are studied. Three ionosonde stations of SEALION project located along the magnetic meridian of 100°E are selected to investigate, including two stations in Thailand, namely Chumphon and Chiang Mai, and one station in Indonesia, namely Kototabang. The monthly hourly medians of the foF2 from three ionosonde stations in 2010 are used to compute the observed NmF2. Refer to the TEC data; it can be obtained directly from GPS receiver at Chumphon station since the TEC data in 2010 were observed completely. In contrast, the TEC data at Chiang Mai station lost extremely and those at Kototabang station were unavailable. Hence, the TEC data used for these two stations are obtained from the International GNSS service (IGS). Our results show that 1) for all seasons, the NmF2 values during daytime have the successive decreasing values from Chiang Mai, Kototabang, and Chumphon. While the NmF2 values at three stations are almost identical during nighttime; 2) for all seasons at these three stations, the TEC values in the daytime are larger than those in the nighttime and their maximum values in the equinox and winter are higher than those in the summer; 3) the slab thickness values in all seasons during nighttime are generally larger than those during daytime for all three stations. Meanwhile, during daytime for all seasons, the slab thickness at Chumphon station is the highest among these three stations due to the fountain effect over magnetic equator.


Abstract Centrosome amplification leads to aberrant mitosis, giving rise to aneuploidy and it has been associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between polyploidy, centrosome abnormalities, and response to endocrine treatment in progestin-induced mouse mammary carcinomas. We found cells with three or more centrosomes in the polyploid tumors. The endocrine unresponsive tumors showed a higher average number of centrosomes per cell than the responsive tumors. The results suggest an association between polyploidy and centrosome amplification with the resistance to endocrine therapy in this luminal breast cancer model.


Rates of music piracy are notoriously high throughout China's audio-visual industries, with industry executives generally quoting piracy rates of between 75% and 95%. Disc piracy is common, particularly in wealthier cities along China's eastern seaboard. People living in less affluent or developed areas still use pirated audio cassettes, which are cheaper to copy than digital media. Cassette players, which are capable of both playing and copying music, are much more affordable to people living in poor areas of China than computers. They are also easier for less educated sectors of the population to use: they do not require computer literacy or the ability to romanize Chinese characters (pinyin). Expensive hardware investments are also unnecessary, allowing anyone with a tape recorder and a blank cassette to copy and share music using this format, regardless of their access to the Internet.


Numerical simulation of the redistribution of impurities near a mask edge under general processing conditions will be described. The simulation by itself and in conjunction with two-dimensional device analysis programs has been found to be a useful tool in understanding the lateral effects in small geometry VLSI devices.


Abstract Objective To demonstrate enabling multi-institutional training without centralizing or sharing the underlying physical data via federated learning (FL). Materials and Methods Deep learning models were trained at each participating institution using local clinical data, and an additional model was trained using FL across all of the institutions. Results We found that the FL model exhibited superior performance and generalizability to the models trained at single institutions, with an overall performance level that was significantly better than that of any of the institutional models alone when evaluated on held-out test sets from each institution and an outside challenge dataset. Discussion The power of FL was successfully demonstrated across 3 academic institutions while avoiding the privacy risk associated with the transfer and pooling of patient data. Conclusion Federated learning is an effective methodology that merits further study to enable accelerated development of models across institutions, enabling greater generalizability in clinical use.


The use of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), with a rapid 5-minute
reversed phase isocratic separation on a 1.7 μm reversed-phase packing material to provide rapid
''high throughput'' support for tramadol hydrochloride (TMH) is demonstrated. A simple, precise
and accurate stability-indicating isocratic UPLC method was developed for the determination of
TMH in bulk drug and in its tablets. The method was developed using Waters Aquity BEH C18
column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of potassium
dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 2.8 and an equal volume of acetonitrile (60 : 40 v/v). The eluted
compound was detected at 226 nm with a UV detector. The standard curve of mean peak area
versus concentration showed an excellent linearity over a concentration range 0.5–300 μg mL−1
TMH with regression coefficient (r) value of 0.9999. The limit of detection (S/N = 3 ) was 0.08 μg mL−1 and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10 ) was 0.2 μg mL−1. Forced degradation of the bulk
sample was conducted an accordance with the ICH guidelines. Acidic, basic, hydrolytic, oxidative,
thermal and photolytic degradation were used to assess the stability indicating power of the method.
TMH was found to degrade significantly in acidic, basic and oxidative stress conditions and stable
in thermal, hydrolytic and photolytic conditions.


Universities PE teacher course consciousness is universities PE course development and implementation premise,influencing National Ordinary Universities PECourse Teaching Instruction Summary implementation directly.the universities PE teacher course consciousness includes: the course sense of participation,the course construction consciousness,the course studies consciousness,the course innovation consciousness,the course opens consciousness,the course controls consciousness,the course appraises consciousness.The universities must positively build the environment atmosphere which the enhancement PE teacher course consciousness,practically transforms course view,earnestly implements and carries out the new PE course standard,raises the PE teacher course innovation ability.


We give an introduction to the discrete logarithm problem in cyclic groups and treat the most important methods for solving them. These include the index calculus method, the rho and lambda methods, and the baby steps, giant steps method. Given a cyclic group G with generator g, and given an element t in G, the discrete logarithm problem is that of computing an integer l with g D t . The problem of computing discrete logarithms is fundamental in computational algebra, and of great importance in cryptography. In this lecture we shall examine how sometimes the problem may be reduced to the computation of discrete logarithms in smaller groups (though this reduction may not always lead to an easier problem). We give an example of how the reduction may be used profitably in taking "square roots" in cyclic groups of even order. We shall look at several exponential-time algorithms that work in a quite general setting, and we shall discuss the index calculus algorithm for taking discrete logarithms in the multiplicative group of integers modulo a prime. 1. "The" cyclic group of order n I should begin by saying that the discrete logarithm (dl) problem is not always hard. Obviously it is easy if the target element t is the group identity, or in general, some small power of g. Less obviously, there are entire families of cyclic groups for which the dl problem is easy. Take, for example, the additive group G D Z=nZ. If we use the generator g D 1, the problem of computing discrete logarithms is absolutely trivial. Here, and in the sequel, we identify elements of Z=nZ with their least non-negative residue. As we shall see later in connection with the index calculus algorithm, the fact that in some groups we may naturally represent group elements as integers can be quite useful. If we change to another generator, it is still trivial. In fact, if g is a generator,


Along with the fast development of social economy,infrastructure construction is in the ascendant,on the basis of the whole understanding of construction engineering quality management and controlment,this paper analyzes characteristics and influencing factors of engineering quality,then puts forward the technical measures of construction engineering quality management and controlment.


The use of line sources in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) enables the attainment of high sensitivities and low detection limits for most elements to be achieved. Typically, these light sources are of the form of hollow cathode glow-discharge lamps (HCLs) and electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs).


The present study aimed to investigate non-invasively the effects of a short-term 4 week aerobic training program on the resting common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow velocity waveforms and autonomic nervous activity in young sedentary healthy subjects. It was hypothesis that training-induced the enhancement of blood flow is associated with the improvement of autonomic nervous function. The CCA blood velocities were measured for 3 minutes at resting sitting posture with synchronized measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG) and brachial blood pressure (BP). Autonomic activity was assessed by low frequency (LF) power, as an index of sympathetic activity and high frequency (HF) power, as an index of parasympathetic activity obtained from power spectral of RR intervals. Training exercise-induced the significant enhancement of all blood velocity waveforms is associated with decreasing of heart rate at rest. The evidence of improvement in training was reinforced by a significant reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and HF power of HRV analysis, an index of vagal tone or parasympathetic activity. However, systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and its mean blood pressure (MBP) are not significantly changed with the training. We conclude that short-term aerobic exercise training could improve cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system functions in the sedentary young men. With the further study, training effect may be simply evaluated using the non-invasive measurement system of blood velocities in CCA.


The technique of laparoscopic operation has been used widely in clinic.We established a multimedia real-time teaching and training system for laparoscopic operation.Establishment and application of a multimedia real-time teaching and training system for laparoscopic operation together with novel and professional operation teaching direction is proposed to make important contributions to good results of visual educations for resident doctors,medical graduate students and young doctors attending advanced studies.Moreover,the system will benefit wide spread of new laparoscopic surgery technique.


Purpose: In this study, we examined the etiology of occlusion of acute arterial occlusion (AAO), surgical techniques and early results of patients which were operated AAO. Material and Methods: Forty-three patients operated between 29 November 2005 and 24 December 2007 with upper extremity AAO. Eighteen patients were male (41.8%) and 25 female (58.2%). Mean age was found 47.2 (8-86) years. The reason was embolus in 18 (41.8%), thrombus in 18 (41.8%) and 7 (16.4%) of them could not be differentiated. Thirtyseven patients (86%) were dignosed with physical examination and hand dupplex and anjiography needed only in 6 (14%). Initially brachial thrombectomy was performed to all patients. Subclavian endarterectomy was needed in 2 patients and synthetic graft interposition in 1 patient between common carotid and brachial artery. Results: Rethrombectomy was performed in 10 patients (1 times in 5, 2 times in 3, 3 times in 1 and 9 times in 1 patient). In 4 patients amputation should be performed (9.3%). Two of them were finger amputation and 2 of them were amputated from forearm. Cerebrovascular event occured in 3 patients and acute renal failure in 1.4 patients died at hospital and mortality was 9.3%. Mean hospitalization was 8.41 days. Conclusion: Acute upper extremity arterial occlusions must be surgically treated emergently. Determinating of etiology and planning to appropriate surgical and medical treatment at an early period may reduce the high mortality and morbiditiy.


The study on the crystallization behaviors of PET/PC blend, an engineering plastics with general high-performance, can provide necessary theory basis for designing and controlling of its properties. In this paper, the research on the crystallization behaviors of such blend was reviewed, including relationship of transesterification, miscibility and crystallinity, effects of the third ingredient and annealing on crystallinity, kinetics of crystallization and high-pressure crystallinity. Prospects of investigation were also introduced. The progress made in this field was reflected in this paper.


Integrated energy system requires considerable financial investment and facing various risks come from energy price fluctuation. Taking an integrated energy station project in a business district in Shanghai as an example, a sensitivity analysis of the selling prices of cooling, heating and power products that affect the economics of the project was carried out. The research results show that the selling price of cold energy in the price of secondary energy products has the greatest impact on project income. On account of multi-factor sensitive analysis results combined with an actual project, we indicated that the two-factor sensitivity analysis can provide a basis for judging the linkage mechanism between the cooling and heating load metering fee and the price of gas and electricity.


In traditional processing mode, a given lathe and a set of fixed processing system can only produce a predetermined precision part. This article proposes a machining method that can control the surface precision of machining plane parts, and four gaskets with different accuracy requirements are processed on the same slow tool servo single-point diamond lathe for experimental verification. Then, the Peak Village (PV) value and surface topography of the processed parts were measured using the surface profiler Taylor Hobson PGI 1240 and Keyence VR-3200, respectively. Through the processing and analysis of the measured data, the maximum deviation between the PV value and the given PV value is 2.4 µm, the minimum deviation is 0.4 µm. And the PV value obtained by calculating the helical spacing measured by surface topography according to the method in this article is approximately equal to the measured PV value, so the correctness of the machining method is verified. Therefore, the machining method can control the surface accuracy of machining parts accurately according to the required accuracy.


Reports a study of managerial stress and its dependence on the functional area of the manager. Nine stressors were identified through (a) a literature search and (b) interviews with managers of the different functional areas as well as with academicians as being "functionally dependent". Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 128 managers. Analysis revealed that eight of the nine stressors (role ambiguity, pressure for performance, travel as part of the job, being on the interface, responsibility for people, responsibility for things, status of the functional area, and crisis situations) were dependent on the functional area and not on age of the manager, hierarchical level or tenure in the organization. Discusses the managerial and organizational implications.


The efficiency and rationality of the development of Forest Park in mountain area is the key factor. The function of GIS technology, RS technology, GPS technology and the combination with the building of Forest Parks in mountain region were explained, which can promote the building speed, precision and efficiency of Forest Parks in the mountain regions.


The motivation of nurses is a crucial contributing factor to effective health care organisations in South Africa. Major changes are taking place due to the transformation of health services and the migration of nurses in this field. Within this changing environment, nurses might find themselves unfamiliar with their surroundings. This could lead to a lack of involvement and a lack of motivation to participate in the delivery of quality health care. As it was unclear to the author as to what the opinions of nurses were regarding their role, and those of nurse managers in addressing nurses' motivational needs in the work situation, this study on motivation was conducted. This study aimed at highlighting the role of the nurse supervisor's and the nurse's role in establishing a motivated nursing corps. An explorative, descriptive, quantitative research project was embarked upon. A purposive, convenience and voluntary sample of 112 nurses attending a second year university course in Health Services Management, was selected to participate in this study. The findings indicate the motivational needs important to nurses. Guidelines were formulated according to which these motivational needs of nurses could be satisfied in future. The purpose of this article is to sensitise nurses and supervisors at all levels of the hierarchy to become more aware of their role in motivating themselves and others in their working environment.


after 1642, with such titles as Furor-Poeticus (i.e.) Propheticus, Sighs for the Pitchers (not in Hensley's bibliography), and Ecchoesfrom the Sixth Trumpet ('a medley of quotations from previous prophetic works'). The author notes that Wither 'pursues tirelessly (and often tiresomely)' his service as a self-styled national prophet, that 'he used his pen tirelessly to aid the Parliamentary cause' and 'to serve it tirelessly (if often tiresomely),' and that 'he tirelessly poured troubled thoughts and frustrations, still couched in simple language with a growing indifference to style, into literary molds commonly employed in the period' (pp. 42, 91, 105, 112). Even Wither, however, called one of his poems 'The Tired Petitioner.' The author rightly emphasizes that Wither was Anglican, not Puritan, in religion, but argues that 'his transferred zeal from social critic (via satire) to moral reformer (via prophecy) soundly measures his darkening puritanism' (p. 109). Another odd judgment is that 'Wither was as much a pyrrhic as John Dry den' because 'he always prides himself on allegiance to whatever power is now in force,' although the author calls unjust Milton French's conclusion that Wither 'had an active bias for whatever power was handiest' (pp. 131-132). Dr. Hensley agrees, on the other hand, with French and W . K.Jordan in their praise for Wither's conspicuous toleration in an age of intolerance.


The gas measurement process is a continuous cycle which includes (i) installation, operation and maintenance of metering equipment, (ii) production of volume statements and reports based on meter outputs, and (iii) maintenance and archival of records pertaining to operation of metering facilities. While some of these activities are performed by field operations personnel, others are performed by a volume processing department or measurement engineering group which may often be centrally located and therefore separated from field technical personnel. The division of responsibilities combined with geographic barriers requires that everyone involved in the process participate in a continuous cycle of communication to ensure that customer needs are met and goals are achieved. Companies within the was industry organize their gas measurement functions differently based on a variety of factors. These include the size of the company, the geographic location of meter facilities in relation to the chart office, reliance on service companies etc. However, regardless of the organization structure and reporting relationship the single most important factor in ensuring accurate measurement and that customer`s needs are met, is clear and open communication between field and office functions. This paper deals with the relationship between field measurement personnel and the volume processingmore » office which integrates charts, reviews and refines electronic flow meter data, produces volume statements and maintains permanent meter records. We will begin by discussing, the needs of field measurement.« less


Methane hydrates are nothing less than ice that burns. In an era of growing concern about energy prices and shortages, gas hydrates offer the potential of a vast new source of natural gas. These odd gas traps also are playing a role in the debate over global warming.


The paper presents the findings of analysis and study from different perspectives on implementation of effective regulation of electric power sector,which is a natural monopoly even under new power market environment.The main analysis and discussion is focused on the characteristics of power sector,which is related to the establishment of power regulation system.The features and contents of power sector regulation are well explained.The incentive regulation frame- work and the detailed contents of various incentive regulation model as well as problems existed and solutions for them are analyzed and discussed.


For the past decade, at least, varieties of small, hand held networked instruments have appeared on the global scene, selling in record numbers, and being utilized by all manner of persons from the old to the young; children, women, men, the wealthy and the poor and in all countries. Their presences bespeak a radical shift in telecommunications infrastructure and the future of communications. They are particularly visible in urban areas where mobile transmission network infrastructure (3G, 4G, cellular and Wi-Fi) is more established and substantial, options more plentiful, and density of populations more dramatic. These end user products—I phones, cell phones, Blackberries, DSi, DS, IPads, Zooms, and others – of the mobile communications industry are the latest, hottest globalized commodities. At the same time, wirelessness, or the state of being wireless, and therefore capable of taking along one's networks, communicating from unlikely spaces, and navigating with GPS, is a complex social, political and economic communications phenomenon of early 21st century life.

This thesis examines the specter of being wireless in cities. It lends the entire idea an experimentally envisioned, historical and planned context wherein personalization of media tools is seen both as a design development of corporate, artistic, and military imagination, as well as a profound social phenomenon enabling new forms of sharing, belonging, and urban community.

In doing that it asserts the parameters of a new mobile space which, aside from clear benefits to humankind by way of mobility, has reinscribed numerous categories including gender. Moreover, it posits the recognition of other, more nuanced theoretical spaces for complex readings of gender and gendered use, including some instantiation of the notion of 'network' itself as a cyborgian and gendered social form. Additionally, cities are studied as places where technology is not only quickly popularized, but is connected to larger political interests, such as the reading of data, tracking of information, and the new security culture. In so doing the work has been undertaken as an urban spatial analysis and experimental ethnography, utilizing architectural, feminist, techno-utopian, industrial and theoretical literatures as discursive underpinnings from whence understandings and interpretations of mobile space, the mobile office, networked mobility, and personal media have come, linking the space of cities to specific, pioneering urban public art projects in which voice, texting and MMS have been utilized in expressions of ubiquitous networks and urban history. Through numerous examples of techno art, the thesis discusses the 'wireless city' as an emerging cultural, socially constructed economic and spatial entity, both conceived and formed through historic processes of urbanization.


The US production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) for use in oxygenated fuel formulations has risen more than 25% over the past decade as a response to mandates of the US Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Acts. The SKC 575–001 diffusive sampler containing charcoal was investigated as a method for the collection of MTBE and its homologues ethyl tert-butyl ether (tert-butyl ethyl ether, TBEE) and methyl tert-amyl ether (tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) from air. The sampler was fully validated for MTBE according to a modified version of the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) protocol for diffusive sampler evaluation, which is similar in scope to the Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN) standard EN 838. The test concentrations were based on the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value of 40 ppm. The sampler collected MTBE efficiently at an uptake rate of 13.65 ml min–1 over the range of conditions studied, with an accuracy within the NIOSH Accuracy Criterion or CEN standard EN 482. The recovery of both TBEE and TAME was acceptable (101% and 99%, respectively), and experimental uptake rates were close to those calculated from theory (13.1 versus 13.3 ml min–1, for both compounds).


The invention discloses a calibration method for a touch screen, which comprises the steps that first calibration is conducted, and a middle area of the touch screen is calibrated; and second calibration is conducted, a plurality of points are taken from an edge area of a display, at least two points are taken from each edge of the display, and the edge area of the touch screen is calibrated according to coordinate values of the points on the touch screen, display coordinate values originally set for the points, and the linear relation of a mapped line segment of a touch screen line segment on the display. The calibration method for the touch screen, which is provided by the invention, can solve the problem that the edge area of the touch screen can be very inaccurate or simply useless after being calibrated by using the existing calibration method for the touch screen, so the accuracy of the edge area of the touch screen is improved.


Neuronal communication relies on rapid signalling through chemical synapses. The majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system is mediated by binding of glutamate to a family of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Among these, !-amino-3-hydroxy-5methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and play a critical role in the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory. AMPAR function is influenced on multiple levels by a combination of transcriptional modifications, post-translational regulation, and association with a multitude of auxiliary subunits. These processes give rise to a diverse array of receptors with unique properties for their specific role in brain function. Due to their central role in neuronal signalling, malfunction in AMPAR production or regulation can cause severe neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Since their cloning in the 1990s, much has been learned about AMPAR structure, assembly and trafficking, demonstrating the molecular complexity that underlies brain function.


The cell laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus have been studied in relation to the retinogeniculate degeneration shown by the Nauta method. In agreement with previous accounts laminae A and A1 have been shown to receive contralateral and homolateral inputs respectively. However, ventral to lamina A1 three laminae have been defined. Lamina "C" contains large cells and receives coarse contralateral fibers, lamina "C1" contains smaller cells and receives fine homolateral fibers, while lamina "C2," which consists of small cells next to the optic tract contains many fibers passing through to other laminae but shows no particular concentration of pericellular degeneration.


Airflow creates shear forces on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells, the effects of which are largely unknown. In isolated mouse trachea, airflow induced shear stress enhanced epithelial barrier function (evans blue dye‐4% albumin permeability). Primary human airway epithelial cells differentiated in an air‐interface were exposed to shear stress (3 dynes/cm2) using Krebs solution, causing increased barrier function (FITC‐dextran), and reduced the abundance of AQP5, an apical water channel, by sequential activation of TRPV4 and VGCC. With barrier enhancement we observe increased membrane associated septin 2 and destabilization of microtubules. Septin 2, known to mediate epithelial polarity in dividing cells by its interaction with microtubules, has not been previously implicated in altering monolayer barrier function. Our data suggests that AQP5 is a novel microtubule stabilizing protein and that regulation of AQP5 and Septin 2 modulate microtubule organization in response to shear stress, which is critical in regulating barrier function. This important homeostatic mechanism to regulate polarized epithelial responses to known stimuli such as EGF, IFNy and Substance P.


In recent years, many linked open datasets have been published, enabling data access and interoperability at a new scale. However, reusing rules, queries and processes is still difficult: applications are usually developed from the ground up, reinventing queries, inferences and operations that others might have created before. To address this issue, we introduce reusable inference modules, created following Semantic Web standards, which make it easier to reuse inferences and calculations based on these data. These modules act simultaneously as consumers and publishers, consuming data from one or more sources and publishing results as new, derived datasets. Their internal logic is encapsulated to simplify application development and developers need only configure rules and queries.


Spatio-temporal patterns of rock glacier creeprelated to the viscous creep in perennially frozen sediments of rock glaciers in cold mountains have rarely been studied outside the densely populated European Alps. This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of rock glacier movementtion in the Ile Alatau and Kungöy Ala-Too mountain ranges, northern Tien Shan, a region with particularly large and fast rock glaciers. Over the study region of more than 3000 km, an inventory 20 of slope movements is constructed using a large number of radar interferograms and high-resolution optical imagery. The inventory includes more than 900 landforms, of which around 550 are interpreted as rock glaciers. Out of the active rock glaciers inventoried, 45 are characterised by a rate of motion exceeding 100 cm/a. From these fast rock glaciers we select six (Gorodetzky, Morenny, Archaly, Ordzhonikidze, Karakoram and Kugalan Tash) and study them in more detail (Gorodetzky, Morenny, Archaly, Ordzhonikidze, Karakoram and Kugalan Tash rock glaciers) using offset tracking between repeat airphotos, 25 and historical and modern very high resolution optical satellite data. Most Two of these rock glaciersm show an overalla steady increase of decadal surface velocities from the 1950s onwards with speeds being roughly two to three four times higher in recent years compared to the 1950s and 1960s. Three rock glaciers show similar accelerations over the recent one to two decades, but also phases of increased speeds in the 1960s. This development indicates a possible significant increase in current sediment and ice fluxes through rock glaciers and implies that – when compared to glacier shrinkage – periglacialtheir material 30 sediment transport in the region seems tomight gain geomorphodynamic importance relative to glacial material sediment transport by glaciers, assuming the latter decreases together with the regional glacier shrinkage. The study demonstrates how air and satellite image archives are exploited to construct one of the longest decennial times series of rock glacier speeds


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Scala and Zink. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Updates on hidradenitis suppurativa – Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment


In this study, we fabricated a flexible, stretchable glucose-biofuel cell with silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a dimethylpolysiloxane substrate. The biofuel cell investigated consists of a porous carbon anode (area of 30 mm) modified by glucose oxidase and ferrocene, and a cathode (area of 30 mm) modified by bilirubin oxidase. The anode and the cathode were connected with AgNWs. The maximum power of 0.29 μW at 180 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 0.98 μW/cm, is realized by immersing the biofuel cell in a phosphate buffer solution with a glucose concentration of 100 mM, at room temperature. Keyword: Glucose biofuel cell, silver nanowires, stretchable and flexible wiring


Angiographic and histologic findings of a carcinoma of the renal pelvis of low vascularity. Angiography succeeds in demonstrating the tumor, the site of its origin and spatial relationship to the escape of contrast-medium.


In this presentation, I argue that literacy has a huge role in the prevention and management of illnesses such as diabetes. In order to do this, I argue that the concept of LSP (Ade-Ojo, 2014) needs to be explored further, such that collaborations between health providers, schools and literacy researchers can lead to the development of a general health literacy curriculum and a literacy for specific diseases. Such a literacy, I argue, must be embedded in school and health practitioners' curricula. The emergence of specific literacies such as diabetracy and obesitracy can ultimately lead to better management and prevention of these diseases as they would ultimately become a component part of the literacy practices of beneficiaries.


Introduction: The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been revolutionized since the introduction of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs such as tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi), and clinical remission has become a realistic target in the treatment strategy. Discontinuation strategies of TNFi therapy after reaching sustained remission or low-disease activity (LDA) have been emerging. These strategies are important considering the risk–benefit profile of TNFi, as well as looking at them from a cost-economic point of view. Areas covered: This article presents an overview of recent major studies on TNFi withdrawal, and tapering and about the safety of doing so. Expert opinion: Although data are still limited, tapering or discontinuing TNFi in some RA patients may well be possible, especially in the early RA patients who are methotrexate naive. Also, a substantial group of longer established RA patients can stop or taper TNFi, particularly when ultrasonography signals are negative. However, before making the decision of implementing it in the routine care for RA patients, more predictors for successful discontinuation are desired.


The utility model relates to an umbrella with a device for automatic opening and closing an umbrella. A central rod which comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe is provided with a spring the pipe and a spring guide post, and is combined between a lower nest and a slide buckle arranged above a grip by a pull rope which passes around the pulley of the upper end of the central rod. The central rod is elongated by the spring in the pipe to pull the pull rope to cause the lower nest to be moved upward to push away umbrella frames, and the umbrella automatically opens. A spring for closing an umbrella is combined between the central joint of the umbrella frames and the upper segment portion of the lower nest. After the umbrella is opened, the slide buckle is loosened to cause the pull rope to loosen the lower nest, and the spring for closing an umbrella pulls the umbrella frames toward the central rod. Meanwhile, the slide buckle is slid upward to the lower side of the lower nest, and the purpose that the umbrella is closed is achieved.


The WZW models describe the dynamics of the edge modes of
Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions. We explore the WZW models
which can be mapped to supersymmetric theories via the generalized
Jordan-Wigner transformation. Some of such models have supersymmetric
Ramond vacua, but the others break the supersymmetry spontaneously. We
also make a comment on recent proposals that
the Read-Rezayi states at filling fraction
\nu=1/2,~2/3ν=1/2,2/3
are able to support supersymmetry.


Abstract : The Mass and Power Model for Communications Spacecraft outlined in this technical report permits complete modelling of a spacecraft with only communications subsystem weight and power as input. It is designed for use early in the conceptual stage when very little information about the spacecraft has been determined other than operational requirements. Once the spacecraft has been modelled in mass and power, a cost model such as the SAMSO Unmanned Spacecraft Cost Model can be applied to obtain estimates of development and production costs.


To lay the foundation for further development of new anticancer drugs.The RNA from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom gland was used a template,and the L-amino acid oxidase gene was amplified by RT-PCR,and then it was cloned,sequenced and analyzed by Blast.The results showed that L-amino acid oxidase from Trimeresurus stejnegeri shared 98.23% similarity with the nucleotide sequence of L-amino acid oxidase gene from Trimeresurus stejnegeri published in GenBank(AY277739).


Personality and conduct problem behaviors from Quay and Peterson's Behavior Problem Checklist were rated by considering their significance in referring an elementary-grade child for school psychological services. Spearman correlations indicated that regular class teachers, special class teachers of the emotionally disturbed, and school psychologists agreed regarding the relative importance of the behavior problems. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that conduct problems were prioritized by the professional groups for referral. This consistent agreement across professional groups is interpreted in terms of ecological psychology. Considering the behavioral demands of the schools, the conduct problem child achieves the poorest behavior-milieu fit and is perceived as a priority for referral.


Thousands of pages have been dedicated to the Fronde, all of them based upon the same underlying assumption: little or no attention has been paid to the involvement of the Spanish Monarchy. Yet given the context of a pan-European struggle for hegemony (1635-1659), Philip IV could hardly fail to take advantage of this singularly-favourable opportunity to intervene in the internal conflicts of France and so weaken his principal enemy, in much the same way as Paris had become involved in Catalonia and Portugal (and, previously, in Italy.) This thorough but detailed analysis of Spanish involvement in these quintessentially 'French' revolts is principally based upon the rich documentation held in the Archivo General de Simancas, and so constitutes a first step towards correcting a historiographical oversight that still prevails on both sides of the Pyrenees. It will attempt to set out a provisional interpretation of the extent to which the outcome of the Franco-Spanish war had yet to be resolved in the years 1648-1653 and how the Fronde was not an exclusively French affair.


The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of electroluminescence, and provides an organic electroluminescence device which aims to improve luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device. The organic electroluminescence device comprises a pixel definition layer and a luminescence structure, and nano metal particles are mixed in the pixel definition layer. The manufacturing method can be applied to manufacture processes of the organic electroluminescence device.


To keep pace with the trend of globalization, many countries commence to deregulate the financial industry. However, how to ensure financial safety and market integrity under deregulation is essential work for any country. This paper studies whether the performance of 9 Australian domestically owned commercial banks improves after taking financial supervision into account in 1998 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes (MPI). We find overall technical efficiency fell up to 2000, but recovered gradually thereafter. In comparison with American banks, Australian banks had better average efficiency for the 2001-2004 post-financial reforms period. The results represent the overall technical inefficiency mainly was due to the scale inefficiency. In addition, the mean total factor productivity rose slightly by 0.1 percent per year and this increase could be traced to a positive technological change. On the other hand, we also find return on assets (ROA) is an important financial factor affecting positively the performance of Australian banks.


Abstract Learner acquisition of higher order cognitive skills and processes in mathematics is at the centre of many current curriculum reforms the world over. Although literature suggests that high-level cognitive processes require emphasis on reasoning about and connecting ideas, in South Africa one of the biggest challenges has been to develop tools that can help to conceptualize the linking of ideas in practice. This paper is an exposé of one such potential tool. The paper starts by borrowing from literature on the links between connections and higher order cognitive skills and processes. It then shows how a tool was developed from these connections for interrogating practice, how it was used in data analysis of video-recorded classroom observations and what it was able to capture. The paper concludes by discussing the potential of the tool in terms of observable strengths and weaknesses.


Shipping companies are playing a leading role in container transportation As a result, planning and development of container terminals need to be continuously modified in order to meet the demand of shipping companies In the paper, the process of containerization is reviewed and the measures for development taken by some foreign ports for larger container carriers are presented The development of domestic ports and the problems they are facing are also analyzed


Along with our country railroad and the city track transportation swift and violent development,the railway signal control technology and enhances one of operation benefit important methods as the safeguard railway transportation security,also obtains the rapid development in the recent years.This article mainly introduces to everybody one kind of Siemens′s LZB continuous type train automatic control system service pattern,through gages the electric cable realization vehicle-information transmission basic principle introduction to this system basic constitution and the use,enable everybody to have more understandings to this kind of special railway signal control technology service pattern.


Herein, photonic crystal (PC) films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with good color evenness were fabricated via drop-casting of a mixture droplet composed of CNC suspension, nonionic surfactant (poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) or zonyl), and a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide. Thanks to the good fusion and rearrangement of CNC tactoids in CNC/surfactant droplets under enhanced shear force in spreading and the elimination of the coffee-ring effect, the produced iridescent films exhibit long-range ordered structures and uniform color in most parts of the films. Moreover, the affinity of zonyl to gold nanoparticles assists the formation of CNC/Zonyl/Au hybrid films with plasmonic chiral optical property and improving conductivity. This approach demonstrates an attractive and economic pathway to fabricate CNC PC films that will have broad applications in photonic sensors, optoelectronics materials, or responsive actuators.


The structural description of the developed model of dynamics of passenger cars of advanced design for carrying out complex researches by means of computer modeling and basic values are presented in the paper and control of their adequacy is carried out. The constructed model allows us to investigate the dynamic qualities of the car at the specified modes of movement under the conditions, which are close to the present ones. When developing model of dynamics of the high-speed car within the program complex "Universal Mechanism", [9] a multilevel structural method of subsystems is used. Adequacy of the developed model is checked by comparison of the maximum accelerations in the horizontal and vertical directions of body and running gear of the car with bolsterless central suspension, which are determined at current dynamic tests.


Perception is individual's feeling and thinking about something that ever done. Students should have their own perception about speaking activity that their interest with. This research is aimed to find out the students' perception of speaking practice in online classroom activities and to find out students' obstacles during speaking at State Islamic Senior High School 01 INHIL. This research used quantitative research. Descriptive quantitative method used in this research. This research was held on January-March 2022 at Islamic Senior High School 01 INHIL. The populations were 50 students at eleventh grade students in XI IPA, XI IPS, and XI MAK. Thus, questionnaire and interview were used to gather the data. The findings show the students gave negative perception about their speaking practice in online classroom at the last semester. Besides, most of the students claimed their obstacles during speaking were anxiety, shyness, self-confidence, do not know how to pronounced and difficulties in grammar.


Prediction of future hydrologic events and behavior in a river basin is the basis for efficient planning, economic design and control in water resources. Linear regression has shown stationarity of hydrologic data for Raritan and Mullica River Basins in New Jersey. Harmonic analysis has been applied to describe monthly periodic movement of runoff and precipitation. Removal of the deterministic periodic component has resulted in a random residual component. Autocovariance and spectral techniques have been employed in correlation analysis of the stochastic series of runoff and rainfall. A first-order linear auto-regressive (Markov) model for runoff has been established. High peaks of the spectra for runoff and precipitation at frequencies that are multiples of 0.083 cycle/month are associated with the annual cycle. Difference in explained variance, of runoff and precipitation spectra, reflects different geologic and watershed structure and different levels of evapotranspiration and urbanization between the two basins.


Objective To investigate drinking prevalence among male adult inhabitants in Luzhou City,and provide scientific reference for protecting residents′ health.Methods Data from health city program in Luzhou in 2009 was used to analyze the drinking prevalance of male adult inhibitants in Luzhou.A multiple logistic regression model was employed to explore the risk factors of drinking prevalence.Results The prevalence rate of drinking among male adult inhabitants(n=5 044) was 28.2%,which was much higher than of females.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age,occupation,marital status and residence area were influencing factors on alcohol drinking of male adult inhabitants.Conclusion Most of male inhabitants have long drinking age,drink frequently,and drink large quantities of alcohol single time.So health education should be strengthened to control excessive drinking.


The potential for using synergistic combinations of measurements from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and output from three‐dimensional numerical models for studying the central California coastal region is demonstrated. Two case studies are used to illustrate the approach. In the first, propeller‐driven AUV observations revealed a subsurface salinity minimum in northern Monterey Bay. A Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) reanalysis of the three‐dimensional flow in the region suggested an offshore source for this water and particular propagation pathways from the south and west into the bay. In the second case study, the effectiveness of assimilating observations in improving the ROMS reanalysis fields is investigated. A significant improvement, especially in the salinity fields, is demonstrated through a single glider deployed outside the intensive observational domain. These results suggest that investigation of more sophisticated techniques for using data and models together is warranted. Such techniques include increasing model resolution in areas of interest identified by observing platforms and using model‐based "targeted observing" techniques to identify areas of uncertainty in the flow to guide placement of observational assets.


The invention relates to a device for fixation of a circuit breaker in a withdrawable-part rack. For this purpose, at least one of the drawer frame (10) associated with locking means (16) is provided for the power switch (12) which is connected to the displacement from a locking position into an unlocking position or vice versa movable angoerdneten with the insertion frame (10) control rod (14), wherein the control rod (14) cooperates relative to the drawer frame (10) having a means for moving the circuit breaker (12), and the device comprises a release means, which by means of the circuit breaker (12) from a locking position for the control rod (14) into a release position for the control rod (14) and is inversely displaced.


The US–Mexico border was gradually militarized by US authorities through immigration and drug enforcement during the last decades of the twentieth century (Dunn 1996, 2001). (Mexican authorities have also engaged in border militarization measures to varying degrees, about which Heyman discusses the contemporary features in this volume.) Border militarization emerged after decades of relatively subdued border enforcement during mid-century, though there was massive border militarization in the early twentieth century (Hernández 2010; Levario 2012). The target of this control has long been Mexicans and more recently Central Americans (and other Latinos), wherein Latino US citizens and migrants have intermingled and frequently been mistaken by the authorities. And the adverse human rights impacts have fallen on these groups as well, with citizens more able to challenge it (Dunn 2009). The border militarization process has greatly expanded in the first two decades of the twenty-first century as well. Border militarization as a concept merits elaboration. I define militarization as police acting like the military and the military acting like police as well as their mutual collaboration and integration, particularly military involvement in domestic law enforcement and security matters (Dunn 1996, 2001).1 Though there are some important limitations on the domestic use of the US military – they are generally prohibited from arrest, search, and seizure activities – a wide range of other military support for police is allowed otherwise.2 And much of this has been pioneered in border enforcement before being allowed more widely elsewhere (Correa and Thomas 2018). More specifically, I focus on the use of military-style equipment by police bodies as well as the use and integration of military, paramilitary, and police and other security forces to control targeted civilian populations – all of which is part of US military doctrines.3 I also conceptualize a continuum of border militarization as a constructed typology based on US laws and actions dating back to 1982 through the 1990s, consisting of various forms and degrees of border militarization (Dunn 2001). This includes a broad array of military support for border law enforcement agencies (e.g., Border Patrol), from less to more severe, including: loaning or granting of military equipment, military construction and maintenance support, military troops providing training and advisors, military transport support, military aerial reconnaissance/surveillance, small-scale deployments of military ground troops near the border, integration of military and law enforcement efforts, large-scale military troop deployments near the border, and military troops granted authority to search, seize, and arrest civilians and property in the border region (generally prohibited for the military within the US with a few exceptions; see note 1). This process of US border militarization has now been exported abroad in a variety of settings within the US sphere of influence (Miller 2019a).


Floating crane `Hikinui' built by A & G Price Ltd for the Auckland Harbour Board. Photographed by Barry McKay Industrial Photography in about 1968.
Inscriptions: Recto - bottom left - Auckland Harbour Boards 100 ton Floating Crane. Hull construction and installation of all machinery carried out by A.& G. Price Ltd. Boatyard.; Recto - bottom right - barry mckay industrial photography ltd
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 25.4 x 20.4 cm


Four Nike-Apache sounding rockets instrumented to measure the magnetic field and the electron density were launched from near the magnetic dip equator in India in January 1964. The initial results from one of these further establish the nature of the equatorial electrical currents in the ionosphere [Singer et al., 1951; Cahill, 1959].

A nuclear-free precession magnetometer measured the scalar magnitude (B) of the earth's magnetic field in terms of the precession frequency ƒ and the gyromagnetic ratio γ of the proton [Packard and Varian, 1954]:

|B| = 2πƒ/γ

Electron density measurements were made with a simple dc Langmuir probe. A constant 2.7 volt bias was applied between the tip of the probe and the base. The resulting current, which is proportional to the electron density if temperature effects are neglected, was monitored [Smith, 1963]. An ionization chamber densitometer for measuring air pressure, a barometric pressure switch, and a magnetic aspect sensor were also flown for trajectory and aspect determination. The information was transmitted to the ground by an FM-FM telemetry system. A magnetic tape recorder was then used to record the telemetered signal together with a crystal-controlled 100 kc/s reference signal for later data reduction.


This paper describes how to compose multimedia ontology for integrating/searching different types of multimedia databases. For this, we build integrated ontology based on MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes (MDS), which is a representative standard for specifying multimedia contents, and the concept of TV-Anytime and re-express it using Web Ontology Language (OWL). In addition, we explain interoperability of the developed integrated ontology with other types of ontology with different concepts. Lastly, this paper describes the method of semantic search and retrieval using the integrated multimedia ontology.


Nonlinear refraction based optical limiting phenomena is investigated analytically in the transmission mode of a fiber Bragg grating using coupled mode theory. A simple expression for intensity dependent transmittivity has been obtained by incorporating the Kerr effect in nonlinear coupled equations. The transmission is studied as a function of the incident intensity at various incident wavelengths. We have found that the transmittance of the grating gradually increases as a ramp function and becomes constant after a critical intensity when the wavelength of the incident light is tuned above the Bragg wavelength.


sponsored integration. An underlying strength of this book emanates from the author's in-depth knowledge of the region he sets out to elucidate to us. While he recognises the limitations of an 'outsider' ever being fully able to penetrate the fundamental beliefs, sentiments and life experiences of the indigenous communities under study, he nonetheless gives it his best shot. By this I mean that Morris does what any serious local and/or regional historian of Mexico should do, and that is to get his or her boots well and truly soiled by the dust and mud of the local terrain. While due consideration is given to material found in state and national archives, Morris reaches for a much more intimate perspective of a region, its people and its past by doing his level best to share their experiences. Recognising that I am repeating arguments I made at a similar stage of my own career, I restate that it is only by spending time in communities, observing the often conflicting sentiments of its people and enduring the physical and emotional demands of its climate and terrain that the diverse sources of documentary, anecdotal, material and cultural evidence can make real sense. As I approach the end of my academic career, it is heartening to discover that a new generation of historians not only recognises the vast potential of local history but engages with it in such a way as to maximise its full potential.


Chadwick writes on the status of preserving Michael Ventris's worknotes. Also expresses his apologies for the cancellation of Scripta Minoa III but encourages Brice to continue research on Linear A.


Host-acceptance behavior of Telenomus reynoldsi Gordh & Coker attacking eggs of a bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), was observed to consist of host examination by the antennal clavae, mounting, probing, drilling, and oviposition, usually followed by host marking and occasionally by reexamination. Females exhibited preoviposition host guarding and also wing and antenna flipping during oviposition in response to intruding females. Total handling time averaged 4.5 min. A proteinaceous substance, possibly originating in the host's ovaries, that adheres the egg to the substrate is a key host-recognition factor.


This paper describes design, theoretical, and experimental analysis of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tactile sensor, which could be integrated with an endoscopic grasper. The sensor exhibited high force sensitivity and linearity. Finite element analysis was employed to study the structural analysis of the tactile sensor with various load application and the results of this modelling are presented as the shear stress distribution and deformation contours. A comparison was made between the theoretical modeling and the experimental results.


Thermal kinetic parameters are important for establishing the relationship between the aging process, time, and temperature, which would help predict the thermal aging lifetime and stability in the application of polymer materials. We developed a multi-channel in situ detecting device, which provided an efficient method for IR spectrum measurement. The thermal aging process of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) at several constant temperatures (100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 135 °C, and 150 °C) had been studied by the multi-channel in situ infrared reaction device. The kinetic parameters (Eα) were calculated from the absorbance intensity of –C–O–, –C
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 O, –CH3, and –OH. The –OH proved to be the active site of PVB during thermal aging, and a possible thermal aging mechanism of PVB was proposed. We proved the method using a combination of a multi-channel in situ reaction device and FTIR was suitable to study the aging mechanism and kinetics of polymers.


The von Mises yield criterion is combined with an equilibrium equation to provide a semi-analytical plastic collapse solution for a thin hollow disc inserted into a rigid container and subject to thermal loading. A numerical method is only necessary to sequentially solve several simple transcendental equations. The state of stress is plane and the temperature field is uniform. The main distinguished feature of the solution is that all basic thermo-mechanical properties are temperature-dependent. The objective of the paper is to show the effect of temperature-dependency of these properties on plastic collapse.


Test methods for mechanical property measurement of the thin films used in MEMS have been developed and refined over the last decade. This brief review considers only tensile testing since that is the preferred method for measuring Young's modulus, strength, etc. for macroscale structural materials. There are basically two kinds of tensile specimens – framed specimens whose support strips are cut after mounting and semidetached specimens fastened to the substrate at one end. The loading and force measurement systems are similar and use commercial transducers. Strain is measured either by overall grip displacement or by digital imaging in most cases. Initial works are described and followed by descriptions of some recent applications. The paper concludes with a suggested test method that could be amenable to standardization.


Coordinated and reiterative usage of nouns is a new type of language strategy established by landscape poetry school in the high Tang Dynasty. This original strategy manifests the awakening of their language consciousness. It is proved that nouns in Chinese can be independently used and produce a picturesque effect. It keeps in line with their artistic pursuit to "reveal the original images", and with their aesthetic ideals of alienating from the time and clinging to natural simpleness. This strategy enables the landscape poetry school of high Tang, with Wangwei and Meng Haoran as representatives, to enlarge language implication and demonstrate the peculiar artistic magic of Chinese.


Axially chiral anilido―aldimine aluminum complexes with a pseudobinaphthyl skeleton 3a and 3b have been prepared. X-ray analysis indicates that complex 3b adopts a conformation similar to that of 1, 1'-binaphthyls. The racemization barrier of 3a was determined to be 23.0 kcal mol ―1 , which was higher by ca. 4 kcal mol ―1 than the corresponding diarylamine precursor with an N―H―N hydrogen bond.


The invention discloses a method for delaying ring bell of mobile phone directed towards strange number. The invention can realize that: when the call is from a strange number, during the initial seconds, the corresponding ring is not displayed. Users can obtain the incoming call information through the incoming call interface, and determine whether to receive the call or hang off the call. If during the period, users have no operations and the other side does not hang off the ring, the mobile phone recovers the corresponding incoming phone ring automatically when the delay time arrives. The novelty resides in that: the treatment for judging incoming rings and delaying rings directed towards strange numbers, which not only improves the humanization and differentiation design for users to receive calls with mobile phone, but also improves usability and practicability.


The Chinese Korean ethnic catering culture has been developed with the native ethnic features in the process of long-term development.As a people growing rice,the Chinese Korean ethnic people choose their staple food centering around rice,cakes and noodles,etc.They develop multifarious catering etiquettes and place great emphasis on the visual effect in their catering style.In light of analysis on the Chinese Korean ethnic catering cultural fetures,the article taps out its function in national cohesion and national cultural education,etc.


During the passage of dhe refrigerant through the condenser of a refrigerator, it generally undergoes the processes of desuperheating, condensation and sub–cooling. One of dhe important criteria in condenser design is to locate the points where superheated refrigerant vapour changes to saturated vapour and subsequently from wet vapour to saturated liquid. The present paper discusses the analysis of wire–and–tube condenser under normal operating conditions of free convection using FEM where Galerkin's weighted residual method is used to minimise the errors. Refrigerant R–134a is considered for the study and the condenser components are divided into several elements where the state of refrigerant is predicted. The effects of ambient temperature and mass flow rates of the refrigerant are also determined. This is used to find out the length of tube required for phase change for its initiation and completion. The methodology adopted is validated against dhe simulation data available in the literature for both sensible and latent heat transfer. The analysis also leads to the information about dhe adequacy of the number of tubes for complete condensation of the refrigerant vapour under given operating conditions. It is found that for a certain mass flow rate of refrigerant, sub–cooling does not occur at some higher ambient temperatures, thus showing the inefficiencies of the heat exchanger. The methodology can be used as a design tool for the design of wire–and–tube condenser of a small refrigerator. The derating of condenser under abnormal ambient conditions can also be predicted.

 Keywords: Wire-and-tube condenser, refrigerator, free convection, finite element method, phase change


The performance and emissions of modern automotive diesel engines are highly dependent on the application of pilot injection technology. This technology also appears well suited for application to low-temperature combustion strategies. In this study, the first results of a new quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence equivalence ratio measurement technique of pilot injections inside an optically accessible diesel engine are presented using 1-methylnaphthalene as a tracer in a mixture of the diesel primary reference fuels, n-hexadecane (cetane) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (iso-cetane). This combination overcomes the shortcomings of mismatched fuel volatility and density associated with commonly used toluene/n-heptane/iso-octane planar laser-induced fluorescence techniques. A tracer characterization in a flow cell and a calibration in the internal combustion engine are performed. The internal combustion engine measurements illustrate the mixture formation process for a pilot injection. Even at low injection mass of 3 mg, a strong penetration of the pilot is observed; fuel hits the piston bowl wall and is redirected upward to the cylinder head. Small amounts of fuel are also found to have penetrated into the bottom of the piston bowl. At top dead center, the pilot injection is still not completely homogeneously distributed in the piston bowl, and local equivalence ratios of Φ > 1 are found in the bowl.


EDUCATION: 1986-1990 Stanford University, Stanford, California Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering Thesis: "A Shock Tube Study of the Pyrolysis of HNCO and the Reactions of NH with NO, O2, and O." Advisors: Prof. Ronald K. Hanson, Prof. Tom Bowman. Measured the reaction rate coefficients of gas phase chemical reactions using laser and infrared emission diagnostics in shock tube experiments. Performed theoretical calculations of collision efficiencies and threshold energies. 1985-1986 Stanford University, Stanford, California M.S. in Mechanical Engineering 1980-1985 California State University Chico, Chico, California B.S. in Mechanical Engineering Minors in Mathematics and Physics Summa Cum Laude


Plants attacked by insects may induce defenses locally in attacked plant tissues and/or systemically in non-attacked tissues, such as aboveground herbivory affecting belowground roots or belowground herbivory modifying aboveground tissues (i.e., cross-compartment systemic defense). Through induced systemic plant defenses, above-and belowground insect herbivores indirectly interact when feeding on a shared host plant. However, determining the systemic effects of herbivory on cross-compartment plant tissues and cascading consequences for herbivore communities remains underexplored. The goal of this study was to determine how belowground striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) larval herbivory alters aboveground zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) defenses and interactions with herbivores, including adult cucumber beetles and squash bugs (Anasa tristis). To explore this question, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to compare responses of aboveground herbivores to belowground larvae-damaged plants and non-damaged control plants. We also characterized changes in defensive chemicals and nutritional content of aboveground plant structures following belowground herbivory. We discovered belowground herbivory enhanced aboveground plant resistance and deterred aboveground foraging herbivores. We also found that larvae-damaged plants emitted higher amounts of a key volatile compound, (E)-β-ocimene, compared to non-damaged controls. Further investigation suggests that other mechanisms, such as plant nutrient content, may additionally contribute to aboveground herbivore foraging decisions. Collectively, our findings underscore connections between above-and belowground herbivore communities as mediated through induced systemic defenses of a shared host plant. Specifically, these findings indicate that belowground larval herbivory systemically enhances plant defenses and deters a suite of aboveground herbivores, suggesting larvae may manipulate aboveground plant defenses for their own benefit, while plants may benefit from enhanced systemic defenses against multi-herbivore attack.


Abstract i) When generated under FVT conditions α-imino-thioaldehydes undergo a cyclization to dihydro-1,3-thiazoles. ii) Thienium cations, generated during a Pummerer reaction, can be trapped with dienes.


The preparation condition to the poly-silcic had important effect on the treatment efficiency of the flocculant, Take pH, Si concentration and activated time as controllable factors. A Box-Behnken Design(BBD) and response surface methodology(RSM) were employed in studing three factors of the polysilicate prepareThe response surface model of the three preparation factors and chromaticity, CODCr were constructed by the software of Design-Expert. The results show that pH=3.2, Si=0.52mol/L, activated time=100min,CODCr removal rate achieved 89.2%; pH=3.3, Si=0.55mol/L, activated time= 105min, chromaticity removal rate achieved 92.4%. This method may effectively reduced the experiment times of the preparation condition's optimization, enhanced the processing effect of the inorganic coagulant polysilicate.


Soybeans are an inexpensive and nutritious food with strong radical-scavenging activity, believed to reduce the risk of developing diseases associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibit the progression of such diseases. Although gamma irradiation of soybeans improves their physical characteristics without adversely affecting flavor, the specific radical-scavenging activity of irradiated soybeans has not been well studied. Here, the scavenging activity of soybean water extracts for individual radical species was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping. Singlet oxygen-scavenging activity increased, whereas superoxide radical-scavenging activity decreased with increasing radiation dose; however, the hydroxyl and alkoxyl radical-scavenging activity of irradiated and non-irradiated soybeans did not differ significantly. The oxygen-radical absorbance capacity of irradiated and non-irradiated soybeans also did not differ significantly. Our findings demonstrate that gamma-irradiation affects the superoxide radical and singlet oxygen-scaveng-ing activity of soybean water extracts. the radical-scavenging activity oxygen-scavenging and dose. In contrast, the hydroxyl and alkoxyl radical-scavenging activities of irradiated soybeans not change significantly from those of non-irradiated soybeans. performed ESR spin trapping to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation to determine the dose dependency of individual radical-scavenging activities in soybeans.