Traditional studies of the modernization-instability thesis have neglected the simultaneous influence of time and place on the relationship between modernization (social mobilization and political participation) and political instability, and the possible causal linkage between the two concepts. Empirical support for modernization-instability hypothesis will be obtained if and only if there is a strong positive correlation between modernization and political instability and the former causes the latter unidirectionally. Only then can one assert that modernization is exogenous, and that a policy geared toward restricting modernization is a proper anti-instability policy.
This work attempts to address the question of correlation and causality through a pooled time-series cross-sectional data design and the use of Granger-causality tests. Particular attention is paid to the error structure of the models.
Using pooled regression, a model of political instability is estimated for a total of 35 countries for the period 1960-1982. Granger tests are performed on twelve separate countries randomly selected from the 35.
The results indicate that there is the expected positive relationship between modernization and political instability. Further, political institutionalization and economic well-being have strong negative influence on political instability. With regard to causality, the results vary by country. Some countries experience no causality between modernization and political instability, while some witness bidirectional causality. Further, some nations experience unidirectional causality running from modernization to political instability, while some depict a reverse causation.
The main results suggest that modernization and political instability are positively related, and that political instability can have causal influence on modernization, just as modernization can exert causal influence on political instability.


In this paper a fully adaptive digital beamforming antenna system for receiving in the L-Band is described. The system consists of a 25-element planar array for circular polarisation, 25 parallel receiving channels realising a double down-conversion to the base band or a very low frequency, a multiplexer followed by a state-of-the-art A/D-converter-card and a fast PC for the processing of the received signals. This allows the highest degree of flexibility for various tests of different digital beamforming algorithms. The different subunits of the array system and the overall antenna system design is explained in conjunction with the special demands due to an application in future satellite communications. The demonstration system is used to obtain experience in digital beamforming technology and to investigate and evaluate different beamforming algorithms. As an additional objective of the work, a performance demonstration in the communication environment of LEO-satellites is scheduled.


This study examined the community and schooling experiences of Latino male youth (ages 14–24) in the California Central Valley. Seven semi-structured focus groups (n = 35) were conducted with Latino youth regarding how factors related to health, safety, and education affected their lives. Latino Critical Theory was used as a framework to explain how the disparities described by Latino youth are part of larger social and academic inequalities. Findings showed that the Latino youth have unique race-, gender-, and class-specific experiences related to structural inequalities. The study concludes with recommendations for policy and practice that can help improve Latino youths' lives primarily by addressing structural inequalities in their communities and schools. Strategies for how community and school leaders can address the Latino youth disparities are provided.


ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS: HOW THE PERFORMANCES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL ART TEACHERS ARE ASSESSED IN VIRGINIA By Jill Elaine Palumbo, MAE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art Education at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Major Director: Dr. David Burton, Art Education Teacher assessment is a hot topic in today's high-stakes, test-driven, accountability-focused educational environment. My recent research addresses how high school art educators, under the umbrella of non-tested subjects and grades, are assessed in their classroom teaching practices in Virginia. Based on my findings, it is clear that while the teachers surveyed do not fear accountability, they are wary of being evaluated by those who lack the content knowledge in the arts, by methods that are subjective, and with criteria that is inflexible. This thesis addresses the need to develop open forums that include the educator's voice in order to create better teacher assessments that focus on student learning achievement in authentic and holistic ways. By learning about and sharing resources regarding how teachers in nontested subjects and grades are evaluated suggestions are made to organize resources that may help develop more authentic assessments for art teachers focusing on meaningful student learning and achievement. ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Caught with our pants down Jonathan James has taken his pants off. He stands in the front of my ceramics class in his boxer shorts wielding a blow dryer. He stands there because there is an outlet for the blow dryer and he has taken his pants off because Chris Fox sprayed him with a water bottle in an inconvenient location. Jonathan also happens to be standing right by the door of my classroom, the door by which the Dean of Faculty, Arnold Trundleburg, is due to walk through in no less than five minutes for a scheduled formal observation of my art teaching practice. As I stare in horror at Jonathan, a large and athletic star lacrosse player, who is gently waving the blow dryer across the inseam of his khakis, visions of my assessment feedback flicker across my mind . . . "Ms. Palumbo allows partial nudity in her ceramics class. This is UNACCEPTABLE! Not to mention a violation of Notre Dame Academy's strict uniform policy." In a flash, I unplug the blow dryer and command, "Jonathan James, put your pants on!" The point of this story is to illustrate one example of an art teacher's experience of being assessed in the classroom. I remember the situation vividly: I was a first year art teacher, feeling like I had been unwittingly thrown into a baptism of fire, struggling with classroom management. Many moments of my first year classes were comprised of chaos, and I, as a new teacher, sometimes felt in terror of looming administrators tasked with judging my classroom practices. In reality, many of these administrators were quite helpful in giving me meaningful feedback and advice. My students were usually thoughtful, attentive, and creative producers of artwork who frequently made me quite proud, despite their occasional hormonal shenanigans. I often felt isolated in my teaching practice due to a lack of visual arts colleagues with whom I could compare notes. Coming from a fine arts background with no formal teacher ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS 2 preparation training, I had a limited knowledge of what criteria I was even being assessed. I often wondered what other visual art teachers thought about their assessments and observations and how they were considered in the hierarchy of their school's academic programs. Did they also, during times of assessment, feel like they were caught with their pants down, so to speak? Alternatively, were there schools that had evaluative strategies that gave meaningful feedback to their educators that, in turn, helped them improve their teaching practices? I certainly hoped so. The kernels of these thoughts formed the foundation for my research and were planted in my mind over four years ago while teaching in a small private high school in rural northern Virginia. In order to answer my questions regarding art teacher assessments, I designed a survey that addressed how, by whom, and in what ways high school art teachers are assessed in their classroom teaching practices in the state of Virginia. Additionally, my survey addressed the opinions of these art teachers regarding the validity and purposes of their assessments. Background to the Problem In order to address the topic of teacher assessment, I must define assessment as compared to evaluation. Summative evaluation is routinely used to refer to evaluation of educational faculty by the administration or respective supervisor. As an assessment tool, summative evaluations are uniformly implemented for all teachers in order to objectively measure all faculty members using the same criteria to evaluate the level and quality of their performance. Summative evaluations are used to meet the district or school's requirements for teacher accountability and seeks to implement development recommendations for lower quality performance while providing grounds for termination if need be. The summative evaluation typically takes the shape of a form, and consists of checklists and occasionally ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS 3 goal setting. Areas evaluated include instruction, classroom climate, preparation and planning, and professionalism (Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P., & Ross-Gordon, J.M., 2009). Assessment is a systematic determination of a subject's significance, merit and worth that uses criteria informed by a set of standards. Considered an appraisal or judgmentbased opinion, assessment assists an administration in assessing decision-making and helps determine the degree of achievement or value an educator demonstrates. The goal of assessment is to enable reflection and assist in the identification of future change (Rossi, P.H.; Lipsey, M.W., & Freeman, H.E., 2004). Educational evaluation is the process of characterizing and appraising some aspect/s of an educational process. Schools require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to stakeholders and funders, and to provide a measure of performance for policy purposes. Educational evaluation is also a professional development activity that individual teachers must undertake in order to continuously review and improve the learning they are endeavoring to facilitate (Gullickson, A. R., 1988). For the purpose of this thesis, I have focused on determining the methods of assessment used to evaluate art teachers. Assessment and evaluation both inform each other. Teacher evaluations vary from state to state and from school to school. The standard forms of teacher evaluation and teacher observation procedures may not relate very well to visual arts educators, especially when being evaluated by administrators from a non-arts background. The very nature of evaluating the arts at all, let alone evaluating how one teaches the arts, poses some very specific difficulties (Ghoslson-Maitland, 1988; p. 52, Soep, 2004). Educational reform writers at The Hope Street Group state, Teachers should benefit from fair and comprehensive evaluation systems that will help them grow professionally and improve in the classroom. Quality ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS 4 evaluation programs that provide professional development and constructive feedback have the potential to elevate the teaching profession and lead to greater learning in the classroom, benefiting students ("Teacher Evaluation Playbook," n.d.). I am interested in exploring these issues based on my own experiences with performance evaluation and assessment as an arts educator. Eisner puts the problem in perspective by saying "We have used highly reductionistic frameworks for assessment that are typically far too general to be helpful (1996, p. 91)." Eisner suggests that a useful form of assessment that teachers would benefit from is receiving critical written or oral feedback from "connoisseurs", (p. 79) that is descriptive, interpretive, evaluative, and themed (metaphorical). He concedes that, "professional norms within schools often make the observations needed to provide such feedback difficult to secure (1996, p. 77)." This is just the tip of the iceberg. Education Week recently published the statement, "no topic is hotter in K-12 education than teacher evaluation" (2013), and high stakes education evaluations using student growth measurements to score a large percentage of teacher performance are here (A. Stratton, personal communication, March 9, 2013). We know that the relationship between art and assessment is best characterized as "awkward, if not overtly hostile" (Soep, 2004, p. 579). Of concern to art teachers is the correlation of their evaluation with student learning. Arne Duncan, U.S. Secretary of Education, summarily states, "Everyone agrees that teacher evaluation is broken. Ninety-nine percent of teachers are rated satisfactory and most evaluations ignore the most important measure of a teacher's success which is how much their students have learned" (2010). And yet, the matter of effectively measuring student learning in art as a tool to evaluate teachers is a complex matter that districts, schools, and ASSESSING ARTS EDUCATORS 5 individual educators are now grappling with. We can hope and strive for an educational system that trains, employs, and develops competent teachers, however rating 99% of teachers as satisfactory indicates a refusal or inability to address valid concerns relating to teacher improvement and turns a blind eye to the efficiency of the evaluation methods used to determine a teacher's competency based on their performance and student learning growth. Based on information gathered from a roundtable discussion I moderated at the Assessment in The Arts annual conference in Denver, CO, 2012, and from a


When the symptom of periapical infection is not released by mechanical instrumentation. anti-microbial agents including antibiosis become necessary in order to remove microorganisms from the root canal. Since anti-microbial agents of natural origins are currently popular, more natural remedies are being sought out. As it turns out, it is well known isothiocyanates (ITCs) in horseradish root extract have anti-microbial activity from many studies. In this research, anti-microbial effects of horseradish root extract and chlorhexidine, a typical anti-microbial agent, were investigated and compared against two kinds of obligate anaerobes. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella nigrescens, that are often discovered in infected root canal, and Clostridium perfringens, which is resistant to antibiotics and frequently used as a control strain for antibacterial studies 1. The MIC and MBC of horseradish root extract were ranged from 87 to 470 ppm and from 156 to 625 ppm against three kinds of obligate anaerobes, respectively. Horseradish root extract showed the strongest anti-bacterial activity (MBC, 156 ppm) against F. nucleatum and also showed anti-bacterial activity against antibiotic resistant obligate anaerobes. C. perfringens. 2. The MIC and MBC of chlorhexidine were ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 ppm and 10.94 ppm against three kinds of obligate anaerobes, respectively. 3. The MIC with 87-470 ppm of horseradish root exact has the same growth inhibiting effect as the one of 3.12-6.25 ppm of chlorhexidine. Likewise, the MBC with 156-625 ppm of horseradish has the similar bactericidal effect as 10.94 ppm of chlorhexidine.


Management's obligation to focus on the sustainable creation of value by the 2009 German Corporate Governance Code. The modifications of the preamble and of section 4.1.1 on the tasks and responsibilities of management boards in the 2009 German Corporate- Governance-Code got astonishingly few attention and critical acclaim considering their potential consequences. A discusion of the amendments' economic impact as well as a survey of the acceptance in literature and an examination of corporation's reactions towards these amendments through a qualitative analysis of financial statements and reports on sustainability of DAX-30- companies indicates a clear discrepancy between the amendments' conceptual relevance on the one hand and the reactions to these amendments on the other hand. This paper discuses causes of this considerable discrepancy.


Piecewise linear branch predictor has been demonstrated to have superior prediction accuracy; however, its huge hardware overhead prevents the predictor from being practical in the VLSI design. This paper presents two novel techniques targeting at reducing the hardware cost of the predictor, i.e., history skewed indexing and stack-based misprediction recovery. The former is designed to reduce the number of ahead-pipelined paths by introducing the history bits in the index of the weight table, while the latter employs stacks instead of arrays of registers to recover predictor states from misprediction. Experimental results show that history skewed indexing helps the predictor improve prediction accuracy by 5.8% at the same hardware cost. Moreover, the combination of these techniques can achieve about 30% area reduction with less than 3% IPC loss compared with the original piecewise linear predictor


Several cholesterol oxidation products might play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis [1]. This concept is fostered by mounting interest in the role of oxidatively modified lipoproteins and cholesterol in atherogenesis. Cholesterol oxides are widely encountered in foods and biological tissues. Here the analysis of plasma cholesterol oxidation products by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) [2,3] is described


Region-of-interest (ROI) fluoroscopy has previously been investigated as a method to reduce x-ray exposure to the patient and the operator. This ROI fluoroscopy technique allows the operator to arbitrarily determine the shape, size, and location of the ROI. A device was used to generate patient specific x-ray beam filters. The device is comprised of 18 step-motors that control a 16 X 16 matrix of pistons to form the filter from a deformable attenuating material. Patient exposure reductions were measured to be 84 percent for a 65 kVp beam. Operator exposure reduction was measured to be 69 percent. Due to the reduced x-ray scatter, image contrast was improved by 23 percent inside the ROI. The reduced gray level in the periphery was corrected using an experimentally determined compensation ratio. A running average interpolation technique was used to eliminate the artifacts from the ROI edge. As expected, the final corrected images show increased noise in the periphery. However, the anatomical structures in the periphery could still be visualized. This arbitrary shaped region of interest fluoroscopic technique was shown to be effective in terms of its ability to reduce patient and operator exposure without significant reduction in image quality. The ability to define an arbitrary shaped ROI should make the technique more clinically feasible.


Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxin causing Manganism in people exposed to high environmental levels. Oxidative stress is implicated as a factor of Mn toxicity. The mechanisms is attributed to toxic levels of free radicals inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Reports indicate Mn accumulates in mitochondria, however controversy exists to the extent of Mn accumulation in mitochondria and whether this contributes to the cause of Manganism. We have been using the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to study Mn neurotoxicty. We found Mn disrupts the animals' dopaminergic system and mitochondrial respiration. Mn is believed to use the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and H+ or Na+/Ca2+ exchanger for movements in and out of mitochondria. We hypothesize Ca2+ channel blockers will alter mitochondrial Mn accumulations. We prepared mitochondrial fractions from gills. Mitochondria were treated with Ca2+ channel blockers prior to Mn exposure, pelleted and washed, then digested in HNO3 and analyzed in an AA. Mitochondria treated with Mn (1 ‐ 5 mM) exhibited a dose dependent accumulation of up to 1000% compared to controls. The channels blockers, LaCl3, diltiazem, verapamil and ruthenium red (0.25 ‐ 2 mM) reduced accumulations. LaCl3 was the most effective. The study shows mitochondria accumulate Mn and the mechanism of influx and efflux can be affected by drugs that interact with mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and H+ or Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.


We describe the case of a 92-year-old male patient with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and permanent atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran 110 mg bid. He woke up at 6:15 am showing a severe aphasia, right facio-brachial hemiplegia, and right leg paresis (NIHSS 17) and arrived at our hospital at 9:15 am. Brain MR showed multiple small acute infarcts in left MCA territory, subtly hyperintense on FLAIR sequences (Fig. 1). The high NIHSS score compared with the small lesions suggested the presence of a potentially salvageable large area of ischemic penumbra. The last dabigatran intake was 14 h before, creatinine clearance was 62.9 ml/min, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio was 1·08. The patient received i.v. t-PA at 10:06 am. Brain MR at 24 h showed no hemorrhagic infarction (Fig. 1). At discharge NIHSS score was 3. Dabigatran 110 mg bid was restarted. At 3 months, mRS score was 2. Benefits of thrombolysis have been proven in over 80 years old patients (1), but the EMA label still excludes such patients from treatment. Patients with stroke on awakening are frequently excluded from thrombolysis, since time of stroke onset is conventionally considered the time when he/she went to sleep. However, the lack or a subtle hyper intensity on FLAIR MR as compared with the hyperintense area visible at DW MR may help dating time of stroke onset (2). Finally, uncertainties remain about patients taking direct oral anticoagulants, until reliable quantitative tests will be routinely available. However, aPTT for dabigatran and prothrombin time (PT) for rivaroxaban may offer a low sensitivity qualitative assessment of blood coagulation (3). Expert opinion suggests that in patients taking dabigatran and with normal aPTT, thrombolysis may be considered after an individual risk– benefit assessment (4), although others are more restrictive (5). In any case, time of last drug intake and renal function must be taken into account. Our clinical case suggests that in very selected conditions, intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke could be safe and effective also beyond present label restrictions.


We present the results of our experimental studies on a discharge in the Hefei Tokamak-7 (HT-7) device with a specific instability whose emergence coincides with a sudden jump in electron cyclotron emission (ECE) that shows the transverse energy of the plasma. It is shown that, in this slide-away discharge regime, the current is carried by a relatively small group of runaway electrons and that the period of high-frequency small-amplitude oscillations varies from 1 to 2 ms, which depends on the value of the loop voltage in ohmic discharges. In low hybrid current drive (LHCD) plasmas, the period of high-frequency small-amplitude oscillations in the ECE signal during the whole period of anomalous Doppler instability (ADI) is about 2 ms. It is also found that the ADI in ohmic and LHCD discharges can restrain the magnetic oscillations.


With the growth of electromagnetic traffic, Electronic Warfare (EW) systems need to be more accurate or to use new characterizing parameters in order to discriminate radar pulses. Studying the signal frequency by estimating the Instantaneous Frequency Law (IFL) and Rate (IFR) offers some new opportunities that actual EW systems do not embed. From our knowledge, the use of multi-linear methods such as General Representation of Phase Derivatives (GRPD) in EW context has never been done. In this article, we describe the assumptions we must have for radar signals, especially the pulse width, to estimate the IFL and the IFR. Then, we show the potential contribution of multi-linear functions to EW by applying those functions to three different radar waveforms, particularly to waveform emitted by a Low Probability of Interception (LPI) Radar. (6 pages)


The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between selected components of conceptual ecology that are reflected in high school science students` statements, when answering questions. This study follows from a position that there is reason to believe that, in the process of answering questions, many aspects of conceptual ecology are likely to play a role. Data were gathered through six audio-taped interviews, the science teacher`s profiles of each student, the students` personal journals, their assignments, and their examinations and participation in class. Kay and KY were selected as the focus of this study because theirs were both dramatic as well as representative cases. As the findings suggest, learning styles differ according to distinctions within individuals` conceptual ecologies. Thus the way in which a person learns science varies according to the construction of her/his conceptual ecology. This suggests that different forms of pedagogy may be effective with different types of learners. This also suggests that science educators may have a role in assisting students to develop into constructed, rather than received, learners.


Report presenting an investigation of an NACA 10-(1.7)(062)-057-27 two-blade swept propeller was conducted int he 16-foot high-speed tunnel over a range of blade-angle settings. Two related straight propellers were also tested over the same operating range as the swept propeller. Results regarding envelope efficiency, effect of compressibility on maximum efficiency, effect of sweep on power coefficient, constant-power propeller operation, and effect of sweep on propeller-blade loading are provided.


PURPOSE: Provided are sanitary absorbent articles having a shear resistant flange seal. The sanitary absorbent articles better resist shear stress by comparison to prior art flange seal configurations. CONSTITUTION: The sanitary absorbent article(20) comprises: a main body(22) having two opposing longitudinal side portions(24, 26), two opposing transverse side portions(30, 32), an imaginary longitudinal centerline(28) and an imaginary transverse centerline(38). The main body includes a fluid-pervious cover layer; a liquid-impervious barrier layer; and an absorbent system intermediate the fluid-pervious cover layer and the liquid-impervious barrier layer. The fluid-pervious cover layer and the liquid-impervious barrier are joined to one another to form a flange seal extending along at least a portion of the absorbent system. At least a portion of the flange seal lays in an imaginary plane and includes an outer edge and an inner edge. The inner edge resides closer to the absorbent system than the outer edge. The portion of the flange seal laying in the imaginary plane includes a first zone and a second zone separated from one another by a common boundary. An imaginary reference line lays in the imaginary plane and extends in a direction from the outer edge to the inner edge intersecting the first zone before intersecting the second zone. The first zone manifests a higher resistance to shear stress than the second zone.


Knee pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal problems among the middle-aged and elderly people and 'Osteoarthritis' is the widespread clinical pathology of the knee. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether low frequency Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) therapy is effective in patients with osteoarthritis knee using surface Electromyography (sEMG) of vastusmedialis. Method: The participants were subjected to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy using the PULSATRON instrument designed by Madras Institute of Magnetobiology, Anna nagar. They were given PEMF therapy of 10Hz for 60 minutes/day for 21 days with a break after every 6 days. Serum PGE2 levels are measured by invitro ELISA method. Serum Prostaglandin E2 levels are estimated before and after PEMF therapy. Results: The study shows that Low frequency PEMF (10 Hz) can be used as a treatment modality for Osteoarthritis. PEMF therapy, when given for a sufficient time (21 days) has shown to reduce the inflammation by decreasing the levels of the inflammatory marker Prostaglandin E2.Serum PGE2 levels were found to be significantly decreased (p <0.001) in the study group following the Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) therapy.


the secret of the care of the patient is caring for the patient. -Francis Peabody, 1927 Medical ethics is playing an increasing role in the analysis and improvement of medical practices, yet its predominant principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice sometimes miss the underlying essence of being a physician [1, 2]. Alternative ethical approaches, including casuistry, phenomenology, and feminist, cross-cultural, narrative, and virtue ethics [3-9] place more emphasis on the importance of the relationship between and the virtues of the particular physician and patient making decisions together. Such analyses have deepened our understanding of other core physician obligations such as truth telling, informed consent, and confidentiality. An additional central obligation that has been relatively underemphasized is nonabandonment [1, 2, 10, 11]. Nonabandonment reflects a continuous caring partnership between physician and patient. The relationship may begin in health or in sickness, last through potential recovery or adjustment to chronic illness, and often continue to the patient's death [12-20]. It acknowledges and reinforces the centrality of an ongoing personal commitment to caring and problem solving between physician and patient. It also captures the essential qualities whereby physicians and patients commit to mutual decision making over time, even when the course is uncertain. Many dimensions of this covenant are articulated in the virtues of caring, fidelity, altruism, and devotion [1, 9-11], but no one term captures the particular importance of a long-term, engaged presence continuing until the patient dies or recovers. An emphasis on nonabandonment, with its focus on the human relationship and open-ended commitment over time, is particularly mandated by two aspects of modern medicine. One is the prevalence of chronic illness, for which ethics must move beyond episodically making decisions about diagnostic or therapeutic options to establishing a relationship grounded in continuity, realistic expectations, and a shared understanding of goals and values. The second aspect is the changing health care environment and the growing emphasis on managed care systems and competitive market approaches to cost containment. These forces may limit a patient's choice of physicians and may disrupt the continuity of the physicianpatient relationship by requiring frequent changes of exclusive provider organizations [21]. In this environment, placing nonabandonment at the center of the essential obligations of physicians seems vitally important. We focus our presentation with two clinical experiences. Cynthia Cynthia was a 37-year-old graduate student of the psychology of learning; she was a practicing Buddhist who considered quality, human connection, and spirituality to be central to her life. She developed dyspeptic symptoms, and in 3 days her potential illness escalated from stress-induced gastritis to a potentially treatable gastric lymphoma to metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. She was devastated by the diagnosis. When her physicians recommended hospice care and promised to keep her free of pain until her death, she felt abandoned. She found no hope in their offer and needed to find a way to fight her illness. Although she understood the poor odds and potential toxic effects of experimental treatment, she believed she could beat the odds. Accepting her prognosis without a medical fight would have meant giving in to hopelessness and despair. As Cynthia explored experimental therapy, she needed assurance that she could stop the treatment if it became too harsh or was not working. She also needed to inquire about what dying might be like. She feared severe physical pain, lingering on the verge of death without quality of life, and being kept alive without sufficient consciousness. Because death in her religious tradition was a form of rebirth, she hoped that her physician would help her find death should she enter one of these conditions, which to her seemed more terrifying than death itself. To a physician (TQ) with a belief in the hospice philosophy and negative feelings about futile, medically invasive treatment of dying patients, Cynthia's request for an aggressive medical approach posed a significant initial challenge. Cynthia needed the slim hope that experimental medical intervention provided, but she also needed honesty about the odds and the potential toxic effects of such treatment. Armed with the reassurance that she would not be abandoned no matter what her clinical course, Cynthia eventually chose experimental therapy, despite its potential risks and burdens. Not surprisingly, treatment was harsh and ineffective against the relentless progression of the cancer. As the burdens of her illness and its treatment increased, hospice care began to have a different meaning for her. The promise of intensive attention to symptom relief now seemed much more comforting than futilely fighting against her disease, and all efforts were subsequently directed to maximizing the quality of the time that remained. Because the tumor had invaded her entire abdomen, she depended on intravenous fluids and nutrition, which she chose to continue. A continuous intravenous morphine drip helped relieve her pain. Cynthia went home with the support of her family and a home hospice program. She tried to find meaning in each day and simultaneously prepared for death. She married her long-time boyfriend, and her parents moved to town to be near her. The local Buddhist community regularly had group meditations at her home. She gave away many of her favorite possessions as she prepared for death. It was an intensely sad and unforgettably meaningful time for all who had the privilege to be with her. After several weeks, Cynthia's quality of life deteriorated despite everyone's best efforts. Her pain required increasing doses of morphine, and she had to make hourly tradeoffs between pain and sedation. She had unrelievable nausea and vomiting, and her wounds and ostomies had an unpleasant smell that she found inescapable and humiliating. She sadly accepted her inevitable death and said goodbye to the important people in her life. At this point, no viable avenues were available to recapture quality in her life, and further disintegration and suffering were larger enemies than death itself. Because her physician had made a commitment not to abandon Cynthia at this critical moment, the physician's obligation was to help her find death on her own terms as much as possible. For Cynthia, this meant discontinuing central hyperalimentation treatment and accepting the sedation that came with escalating doses of the intravenous narcotics used to control her pain. She was prepared to die but did not want to be perceived as committing suicide. She and her family were reassured that this method was fully compatible with widely accepted ethical principles. Cynthia gradually became more sedated, went into a coma, and died relatively peacefully 10 days later with her husband, parents, and friends in attendance. Mrs. K Mrs. K was a 93-year-old woman who had survived the Nazi death camps where most of her family perished. She had begun a new life in the United States, raised one son in her second marriage, and outlived her husband by 20 years. She lived alone in a small apartment and her social contacts were increasingly limited because of her own physical infirmities and the deaths of many friends. She was healthy until 8 years ago, when a painful neuropathy developed in her left leg that was eventually diagnosed as reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Seeking pain relief and a way to stem the associated loss of strength, she saw an unending series of consultants. Trials of antidepressants, antiepileptics, nonsteroidal and narcotic analgesics, orthotics, and physical therapy were ineffective and often had unacceptable side effects. She valued only two medications: flurazepam for inducing sleep and diazepam for treating the aggravation of the chronic pain. While seeking a geriatrician for a primary care physician, she was repeatedly told that these were the wrong medications for her because of their long half-lives, potential side effects, and potential for addiction. Mrs. K was determined to express her concerns, attributions, and experience to the physicians she saw; she would dismiss most other medical suggestions as unworkable and then proceed with her litany of problemspain, sleeplessness, loneliness, and frustration with old age and infirmity. She was strong-willed and opinionated and traveled from physician to physician to everyone's mutual frustration. Although I (CC) initially repeated this unproductive pattern of intervention and rejection, I eventually realized that what she needed most was to be cared about and listened to. I discovered that she did not expect medical answers to all of her problems. She wanted a confidant or advisor, someone who knew the whole picture, could help interpret what was happening to her, and could find value in her personhood. I began to listen intently to her descriptions of the suffering and frustration of her daily life. I learned about her past suffering and losses in the death camps and about how she survived. I came to understand how lonely it can be to outlive one's family and friends. Through this listening, Mrs. K became more complex to me as a person, which allowed me to empathize more meaningfully with her plight. I helped her with bouts of constipation, guided her through cataract surgery, conservatively evaluated her chest pain of uncertain cause, and allowed her to openly explore whether life was worth living in the face of loneliness and loss. I also re-initiated therapy with flurazepam and diazepam without constantly questioning her need or their efficacy, and I accepted the small risk that she could be secretly stockpiling them in case she decided to end her life. Although she remains lonely


Antibodies to normetanephrine were produced in rabbits by immunization with conjugates synthesized by linking the amino group of the hapten to the amino groups of the carrier macromolecules using glutaraldehyde. The antibodies are highly specific for the ring structure of the normetanephrine molecule and also recognize substitutions in the side chain. Metanephrine, however, is as effective an inhibitor as the homologous normetanephrine. 3-Methoxytyramine inhibits 5-times and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol 24-times less effectively than normetanephrine. With this antiserum a radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 10 ng normetanephrine was developed. In this radioimmunoassay, the binding of antibodies to human serum albumin, the immunogenic carrier molecule, to the albumin in the 125I labelled albumin-normetanephrine antigen is effectively eliminated by addition of excess of unlabelled albumin. The specificity of the antibodies allows for normetanephrine determinations, especially in brain and cerebrospinal fluid where the interference by metanephrine is negligible.


Based on the mechanism of hot cracking formation of castings, the cracking defects of furnace door frame castings was analyzed, and found that the main reasons causing cracking are as follows: construction of the casting was not reasonable, gating system was not proper, and pouring temperature was too high. As a result of adopting some corresponding measures, the defects were obviously reduced.


It has long been known that high-quality wines are usually produced from vineyards having low to moderate yields based on variety and cultural practices [16]. Among these practices used to improve quality of the must and wines is the control of vigor through the vine pruning [14]. In viticulture, according to the varietal, place and year, different techniques are adjusted such as pruning to limit the production, which allows improving the characteristics of the fruit and, by consequence the quality of its wines [21].


An indirect comparison of the standards for air kerma of the National Research Council (NRC), Canada, and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in May 2009. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for two transfer standards and expressed as a ratio of the NRC and the BIPM standards for air kerma, is 1.0032 with a combined standard uncertainty of 2.8 × 10−3. The result of the previous direct comparison in 60Co γ rays, made in 1998 and modified in 2007 was 1.0025 (27). The degrees of equivalence between the NRC and the other participants in the key comparison have been calculated and the results are presented in the form of a matrix. A graphical presentation is also given. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section I, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).


Quality characters,annual quality fluctuation and quality classification were studied in the years of 1998~2000 with popular varieties in southern Shanxi.Results showed that these varieties have meduim 1000 kernel weight and bulk density.Their contents of protein and gluten are relatively high,but the protein quality is not good.The stability of most varieties is short.The annual fluctation of the same variety is great.The proportion of newly introduced varieties big among the tested varieties.The quality characters of the oifficially named varieties in recent years are not so good.The main performance of the varieties is that the protein quality is poor,the stability of dough is short,the extensibity and elasticity of dough is weak,which needs close attention from the breeding and the authorized organizations.


vehicle are assumed to be incapacitated, the X-38 flight controller must guide the vehicle autonomously from low earth orbit until deployment of a parafoil during the last minutes of flight. Since the flight envelope of this vehicle extends from hypersonic conditions down to the subsonic regime, its flight controller must deal with large changes in flight conditions. Currently, a Dynamic Inversion (DI) based controller is a prime candidate for the X-38. This controller intends to minimize gain scheduling, but seems to demand a large amount of development time and effort. Abstract A new way to approach robust Dynamic Inversion controller synthesis is addressed in this paper. A Linear Quadratic Gaussian outer-loop controller improves the robustness of a Dynamic Inversion inner-loop controller in the presence of uncertainties. Desired dynamics are given by the dynamic compensator, which shapes the loop. The selected dynamics are based on both performance and stability robustness requirements. These requirements are straightforwardly formulated as frequency-dependent singular value bounds during synthesis of the controller. Performance and robustness of the designed controller is tested using a worst case time domain quadratic index, which is a simple but effective way to measure robustness due to parameter variation. Using this approach, a lateral-directional controller for the X-38 vehicle is designed and its robustness to parameter variations and disturbances is analyzed. The controller analysis is extended to the nonlinear system where both control input displacements and rates are bounded. Overall, this combination of controller synthesis and robustness criteria compares well with the µ-synthesis technique. It also is readily accessible to the practicing engineer, in terms of understanding and use. DI control methodology has gained popularity among control engineers in recent years and has been applied to different types of aircraft applications, such as F-16 1 , F-18 HARV 2 , F-117 3 , Su-27 4 and VSTOL aircraft 5 in addition to applications to missiles 6,7. DI is a controller synthesis technique by which existing deficient or undesirable dynamics are canceled and replaced by designer-specified desirable dynamics. This cancellation and replacement is accomplished by careful algebraic selection of a feedback function. It is for this reason that the DI methodology is also called feedback linearization. The block diagram representation of DI control concept is illustrated in Fig. 1 where CV represents a user-defined control variable. Introduction The X-38, prototype vehicle for the Crew Return Vehicle (CRV), is under development at NASA's Johnson Space …


We report enhanced internal quantum efficiency and absorption of parallel-like bulk heterojunction small molecular organic solar cells by inserting multi-functional layers (MFLs). The inserted MFL has an energy level between main donor and acceptor levels, assisting exciton dissociation of the charge transfer state and charge transport from active layers to electrodes. Furthermore, two donors having complementary absorption spectra yield higher and broader absorption efficiency. When a ClAlPc:C60 layer was inserted as a MFL on CuPc:C60, the short circuit current (Jsc) was improved, leading to an increase of the power conversion efficiency from 2.34% to 2.71%.


Review is an essential aspect to support decision making in various fields and industries, with tourism being one of them. With the emergence of Internet, especially the Web 2.0, feedbacks and reviews can now be found easily from forums, blogs, and social websites. However, the sheer amount of data making it a tedious task for user to analyze and extract useful information from all those reviews. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is one of solutions to solve the aforementioned problem with aspect extraction phase as one of the essential component of it. In this paper, we adapt Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to process aspect extraction by adding the Indonesian language specific preprocessing phase and further pretrain the multilingual base model with 4220 review sentences in Indonesian language. For the experiment, we collect 501 review sentences from TripAdvisor and do the performance evaluation using the 10-fold cross validation method. The collected reviews are about tourism spots, specifically amusement park, in Indonesian language. We found our adaptation succeed in improving the performance of BERT for aspect extraction with the new further pretrained base model produced the best accuracy and F1-measure value with 0.799 and 0.738 respectively, while adding preprocessing phase with the new further pretrained base model produced the best accuracy with 0.824. The impact of preprocessing phase can also be seen with the best improvement for each labels ROC-AUC value happens on scenarios that contain preprocessing phase.


We study systems that are monotone in a generalized sense with respect to cones of rank 2. The main result of the paper is the existence of a Poincare-Bendixson property for some solutions of those systems.


This study was conducted on a small Japanese multinational
company (MNC) located in Perlis, in northern Malaysia. It
investigates the importance of training from the workers'
point of view. Japanese MNCs are noted for their heavy
focus on on-the-job training (OJT) especially in Japan. This study aims to determine the relationships between five
independent variables (worker orientation process, job
performance, self-development, knowledge and skill and
technological advances) and the importance of training
accorded by the employees. 71 employees responded to the
distributed questionnaires. It was found that the Japanese
firm had practiced both the off-job-training and also the on-the-job training for its employees. From the workers'
perspectives, they said the five factors did not influence
their perceptions so much on the importance of training that they had received. However, job performance seems to have a bit more impact on their perceptions about how they view training compared to the other four factors. They just
followed their employer's instruction to attend any training because to them, training was part of their job. Generally they did not understand the goals and benefits of the training that they had received.


The recent imaging of the M87 black hole at millimeter wavelengths by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has triggered a renewed interest in numerical models for the accretion of magnetized plasma in the regime of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). Here non-ideal simulations, including both the resistive effects and, above all, the mean-field dynamo action due to sub-scale, unresolved turbulence, are applied for the first time to such systems in the fully nonlinear regime. Combined with the differential rotation of the disk, the dynamo process is able to produce an exponential growth of any initial seed magnetic field up to the values required to explain the observations, when the instability tends to saturate even in the absence of artificial quenching effects. Before reaching the final saturation stage we observe a secondary regime of exponential growing, where the magnetic field increases more slowly due to accretion, which is modifying the underlying equilibrium. By varying the dynamo coefficient we obtain different growth rates, though the field seems to saturate at approximately the same level, at least for the limited range of parameters explored here, providing substantial values for the MAD parameter for magnetized accretion. For reasonable values of the central mass density and the commonly employed recipes for synchrotron emission by relativistically hot electrons, our model is able to reproduce naturally the observed flux of Sgr A*, the next target for EHT.


An in situ ellipsometry method has recently been developed by the authors in which the refractive index and thickness of a growing film can be computed without knowledge of the underlying interface layers and the substrate. The method makes use of five in situ measurements through windows in a deposition system. A ''virtual interface'' is defined by the first measurement made after the growth has settled down following the initial interfacial microstructure such as island formation and interface reactions. A variably damped least squares algorithm computes the optical properties of the growing overlayer film, four thicknesses (of growth past the virtual interface), and the complex reflection coefficients of the virtual interface. However, this algorithm alone is slow and requires initial estimates within a few percent of the solution. Artificial neural networks have been developed to provide very quickly (sub millisecond) initial estimates of sufficient accuracy to improve overall solution speed with the ...


In this paper we propose a new compact static delay model for latch-based CMOS threshold logic gates. The particular effects captured by the model are. the dependency of the delay on threshold (data) values and the dependency of the delay vs. capacitive loading. The model parameters were extracted from several Threshold logic gate setups and the delay predicted by the model fora computer arithmetic basic circuit fully agree with circuit simulations.


This chapter explores how the sacrificium relates to offertory chants in other liturgical traditions, yielding insight into its prehistory and the influences that shaped its development. The textual, exegetical, and musical connections explored in this chapter establish that the sacrificium was part of a larger, pan-European tradition, whose practice extended into southern Gaul, northern Italy, North Africa, and Rome. The Old Hispanic repertory was nonetheless exceptional in its concentration of these particular kinds of chants, perhaps because they were so well suited to the educational and devotional milieu of Visigothic Iberia. After exploring these other repertories, the chapter turns to musical questions, illustrating certain commonalities in style between the Old Hispanic and Gregorian offertories and posing questions for further research.


Certain subgroups of sexual minority individuals have higher prevalence rates of alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drug use disorders, compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Moreover, previous findings indicate that sexual minority individuals are more likely than heterosexual individuals to enter treatment with more severe substance use problems. Work that examines explanations for these disparities highlights the potential for findings to inform targeted intervention efforts. Unfortunately, relatively few LGB-tailored interventions have been conducted, and those that do not have support that these tailored interventions are more efficacious than generalized interventions. Nevertheless, substance use interventions that target LGB individuals may be beneficial in generating initial interest in enrollment and reducing concerns that typically hinder sexual minority individuals from seeking treatment.


o examine the effect of surfactant adsorption on physical stability of flowable concentrates used for coating seeds(FSC) with pesticides,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the adsorption of a surfactant(the nonylphenol ether,Witconol NP-100) on thiram and carbofuran particles.The adsorption isotherm for Witconol NP-100 on thiram and carbofuran was of the Langmuir type.Adsorption of Witconol NP-100 on pesticide particles decreased with increasing concentrations of the anionic surfactant,Morwet D-425,and increased at higher temperatures.Addition of bentonite increased the total adsorption but also increased the quantity of surfactant required.A storage experiment at temperature of 54℃ indicated that addition of 10g/l nonionic surfactant so as to obtain saturation absorbance can significantly improved FSC stability.The delamination ratio was 5% only.We infer that a stabile FSC can be obtained only when the surfactant forms an intact layer on the pesticide particles.


In this paper, we solve the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, used to model the electric potential of macromolecules in a solvent. We derive a corrected trapezoidal rule with improved accuracy for a boundary integral formulation of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. More specifically, in contrast to the typical boundary integral formulations, the corrected trapezoidal rule is applied to integrate a system of compacted supported singular integrals using uniform Cartesian grids in R 3 , without explicit surface parameterization. A Krylov method, accelerated by a fast multipole method, is used to invert the resulting linear system. We study the efficacy of the proposed method, and compare it to an existing, lower order method. We then apply the method to the computation of electrostatic potential of macromolecules immersed in solvent. The solvent excluded surfaces, defined by a common approach, are merely piecewise smooth, and we study the effectiveness of the method for such surfaces.


Background: Higher than expected revision rates have been observed in large bearing metal-on-metal total hip replacements. We have introduced a metal on metal hip screening clinic at our unit and report the results. Methods: All patients who had a metal-on-metal total hip replacement implanted at our unit were recalled to clinic. Screening consisted of clinical examination, Oxford hip score, radiographs, MARS MRI and serum cobalt/chromium ion levels. MRI scans were graded (Norwich Classification) by a single consultant radiologist who was blinded to the history, examination, and metal levels. Patients were sub-classified into 6 groups, which determined further follow up and were either entered into a regular screening programme or referred to a revision arthroplasty surgeon for a decision on whether revision was required Results: A total of 278 patients were identified. Four patients had moved away, 2 refused follow-up and 1 patient had died. This left 271 patients in our cohort, having 299 metal-on-metal hip replacements with a M:F ratio of 1.5:1 and a mean age of 61.9 years (29–87). 59 (21.8%) patients complained of a recent deterioration in symptoms. Sixty seven (24.7%) patients had an abnormal xray appearance of their hip replacement (inclination >50 degrees, loosening, or migration of prosthesis). Of the 232 hips which underwent MARS MRI, 118 (50.9%) were group A (normal appearance), 66 (28.4%) C1 (mild MOM disease), 31 (13.4%) C2 (moderate MOM disease), and 17 (7.3%) C3 (severe MOM disease). One hundred and seventeen (38.9%) had a substantial fluid collection around the hip. Serum cobalt/chromium metal ions were raised in 135 patients (49.5%), 46 of which had one (8.8%) or both (8%) above 7 ppb (chromium >134 nmol/L, cobalt > 119 nmol/L). One hundred and forty nine patients (55%) remained under review in the MOM clinic and 122 (45%, 148 hip replacements) were referred to a revision surgeon for specialist opinion. Of these 21 hips (14.2%) have been revised and a further 14 hips (9.5%) are awaiting revision. In total 64 hips (21.3% of all large head metal on metal hips implanted in our unit) have been revised with a further 22 (7.3%) listed for revision. Of these, 13 were histologically proven to be an ALVAL reaction, 19 had the classic clinical findings of ALVAL (but not histologically confirmed), and 1 was a non-specific reaction to metal wear. 53 patients (19.4%, 56 hips) were completely asymptomatic but had evidence of ALVAL soft tissue reaction on MRI and/or rising metal ion levels – 9 of these hips have already been revised for ALVAL and 6 more listed for revision. Conclusions Our screening programme has identified 53 (19.6%) asymptomatic patients who have evidence of a suspicious reaction to their metal-on-metal hip replacements. 16 (3%) of these have gone on to revision. We would recommend all patients with a metal-on-metal total hip replacement in situ are fully screened for ARMD regardless of symptoms and metal ion levels.


One application of medical ultrasound imaging is to visualize and characterize human tongue shape and motion to study healthy or impaired speech production. Due to the low-contrast characteristic and noisy nature of ultrasound images, it requires knowledge about the tongue structure and ultrasound data interpretation for users to recognize tongue gestures. Moreover, quantitative analysis of tongue motion needs the tongue contour to be extracted, tracked and visualized automatically. This paper presents two novel deep neural networks that benefit from the ability of global prediction of encoding-decoding fully convolutional networks and the capability of full-resolution extraction of dilated convolutions. Assessment studies over datasets from different ultrasound machines disclosed the outstanding performances of the proposed models in terms of accuracy and robustness.


A system providing accurate environmental data for campus stakeholders to formulate and evaluate policies of the sustainable campus development is needed. This paper presents the design of WSN infrastructure capable of providing accurate, real-time and reliable environment data, namely PM2.5, SO2, CO, O3, NO2, temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity to be analyzed and presented by servers. This infrastructure is composed of fixed sensor nodes, mobile sensor nodes, display nodes and server nodes. The sensor node provides environment raw data to the server using an RF transceiver. The server processes, stores and presents environment information to public users through Internet and mobile network. This infrastructure can be used as a platform to provide environmental data to decision support system for campus stakeholders, so that a recommendation can be made.


A series of peptides of general primary structure (VSSLESK) n (n=2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were designed and synthesized by fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl solid-phase synthesis using a convergent approach. Peptides containing 21, 28, 35 and 42 residues were modified with α-methoxy poly-(ethylene glycol) (mPEG; mol. wt. 2000) by reaction of mPEG-succinimidyl carbonate with the α-amino group of the resin-attached protected peptides. The conformation and thermal stability of the peptides and of their AB block copolymers (A is the mPEG block, B the (VSSLESK) n block) in aqueous medium were investigated by circular dichroism, size-exclusion chromotography and by analytical ultracentrifugation. The helicity of peptides increased with increasing length in a cooperative manner. The peptides and mPEG-peptides with 35 and 42 amino acid residues (block copolymers) adopted a two-stranded α-helical coiled-coil conformation in aqueous solution. The presence of the polymer chain in the diblock hybrid copolymers had no disturbing effect with respect to the stability of the α-helical peptide part in these constructs. Moreover, the thermal stability of mPEG-modified 42-peptide was substantially higher than that of the native 42-peptide. Analytical ultracentrifugation data revealed that in phosphate-buffered saline solution (25-200 μM) the block copolymer mPEG-block-(VSSLESK) 6 (PEG42) associated into stable intermolecular coiled-coil dimers.


It is shown that vectorial phenomena couple thermodynamically with the scalar phenomena. This result is contrary to the well spread belief in the field of irreversible thermodynamics. Transport coefficients concerning the diffusion and the thermal conduction across a strong magnetic field are calculated in the presence of the deuteron-triton fusion reaction on the basis of the gas kinetic theory. When the reaction takes place, the diffusion coefficient increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. Effects of the reaction exceed those of the Coulomb collision as the temperature is high enough.


The T R W Computer Division of Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc. has completed the development of a computer program to simulate an automobile traffic network. The Traffic Network Simulator, TRANS, was developed for the District of Columbia in partial fulfillment of a traffic s tudy contract administered by D. L. Gerlough, Head of T R W ' s Traffic Systems Section. The s tudy cont rac t was sponsored by the Depar tment of Highways and Traffic, in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads. The program was writ ten for the I B M 7090. The pr imary purpose of TBANS is to evaluate the effect of traffic signal settings on traffic flow in a region of a city. Thus, TRANS is a tool which helps optimize the timing of


In this paper, the properties of the Nth-power squeezing of field in the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model of an atom initially in the ground or existed states coupling with the coherent state are investigated, respectively. The variations of the degree of the squeezing with the initial average photon numbers of field and the power N of the squeezing are discussed.


Ga(Sb)As quantum dots (QDs) are usually grown on plane GaAs substrates by self-organization in the StranskiKrastanov mode. Here we report on Ga(As)Sb QD growth on a pre-structured GaAs substrate to achieve highly ordered QDs. The structure consists of a two-dimensional array of holes/troughs milled into the substrate (wafer with initial epitaxial buffer layer) with a gallium focused ion beam (Ga-FIB). Thus, the area density of the QDs can be controled. For exact positioning of the QDs in the milled holes it is important that the diameter of the dots equals the diameter of the milled holes. In a previous publication we have shown that we are able to change the diameter as well as the height of the QDs by controlled variation of growth temperature, Ga/Sb ratio, and nominal coverage. The diameter and depth of the milled holes as well as their separation are varied. Also, different milling techniques are examined to optimize milling time and procedure. The pre-structured GaAs substrate is overgrown in a second molecular-beam-epitaxial (MBE) step, first with another thin GaAs buffer layer, then with a QD layer. With the optimum of the milling and growth parameter sets the diameter of the QDs equals the size of the milled holes and the QDs can be grown highly ordered in the given pre-structured array. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about exact positioning of Ga(As)Sb QDs on GaAs.


The article deals with English pejorative person naming units which represent a part of the lexicosemantic category «person naming units». The author proves by the specific examples that pejorative person suffixed shortenings belong to the core of the microfield «pejorative person naming units». The major lexico-semantic features of pejorative suffixed shortenings are revealed.


Objective To explore the image features of lumber posterior marginal intraosseous cartilaginous node(LPMN). Methods The data of 12 patients with LPMN were analyzed retrospectively. Results A bony node was seen protruding into the spinal canal on X-ray; a defect filled with intervertebral disk tissue on CT. spinal canal and lateral recess stenosis, the dural sac and nerve root was compressed due to the bony fragment. Conclusions CT examination can provide definite diagnosis and evidence of treatment plan for LPMN[


This study is a practical action research. Its purpose is to explore the practicality and applicability of heutagogy for post-graduate students who are preparing to become teachers. The necessity to use a heutagogical framework derives from the fact that students are very different as specialization and level of abilities in using computer and mobile devices. At the same time, they are mature learners, with a bachelor's degree in diverse fields. The pedagogical research comprises three principal stages: the preliminary stage, to determine the degree of diversity in the students' group; the pedagogical intervention, and the research evaluation. Computer aided learning is a course whose main outcome is to enable future teachers to use computer and mobile devices in the classroom. Technology has now a spectacular evolution and, to be able to manipulate it in the future, the teachers have to become lifelong learners. Heutagogy can empower them with capabilities like self-efficacy, communication and teamwork skills, creativity, positive values and self-determined learning. The results of the research confirm that the heutagogy is an appropriate framework for the teachers' education in academic post-graduate studies.


Hydrogels based on n alkyl methacrylate esters ( n AMA), acrylic acid and acrylamide cross linked with 4,4′ di(methacryloylmino)azobenzene were preparared. Swelling behavior of the hydrogels was studied by immersion of slabs of samples in buffered solutions of pH values 2 2~7 4 .The process of swelling follows Schott second order diffusion kinetics.The factors influencing the swelling behavior of the gels include:the degree of cross linking, the lengths of the n AMA side chains, pH values et al.


According to the production and other information of the engine testing line,make full use of the module provided by Plant Simulation software to build the simulation model; run the model of engine testing line in the case of both ideal working condition and the condition that actual random factors exist,then analyses the production,burden rate of the equipment and the bottleneck issue,etc. of the line. Based on this,optimize the engine testing line,and the result of the simulation shows that the production has increased.This simulation experiment shows a good prospect of application of simulation technology in the production system.


AbstractThe interaction of internal waves with geostrophic flows is found to be strongly dependent upon the background stratification. Under the traditional approximation of neglecting the horizontal component of the earth's rotation vector, the well-known inertial and symmetric instabilities highlight the asymmetry between positive and negative vertical components of relative vorticity (horizontal shear) of the mean flow, the former being stable. This is a strong stratification limit but, if it becomes too low, the traditional approximation cannot be made and the Coriolis terms caused by the earth's rotation vector must be kept in full. A new asymmetry then appears between positive and negative horizontal components of relative vorticity (vertical shear) of the mean flow, the latter becoming more unstable. Particularly conspicuous at low latitudes, this new asymmetry does not require vanishing stratification to occur as it operates readily for rotation/stratification ratios 2Ω/N as small as 0.25 (the str...


Commuting is a process that occurs frequently, usually in bigger cities and agglomerations. People living in the periphery tend to travel to work that is located in the center of agglomeration. The choice to commute can vary among the population, and that is explained by internal and external factors such as the economic and financial situation of people, labor market, etc. Even though a routine activity is a central concept of commuting, it takes place in different forms and ways and is impacted by various sociodemographic, economic, and spatial aspects. Hence, it is these social and economic changes in commuting tendencies, characters, and behaviors that this study aims to classify, analyze, and comprehend. Almaty is one of the most populated cities in Kazakhstan. Due to the urbanization processes and urban development, the city captures new territories and becomes an agglomeration. This leads to increased daily human mobility. People living in the periphery of the agglomeration, but working in downtown, travel to their workplace. Therefore, they conduct commuting. Studying commuting is important for the city's development. The purpose of this article is to identify the characteristics of pendulum migration based on the analysis of the results of a pilot survey conducted in the Almaty region. The methods of descriptive statistics are used for the analysis of the survey results.


With the constant expansion of the education scale of radio and TV universities in recent years,there is a greater requirement of school administration.The key approach to meet this requirement is the reform of the internal administrative system.Based on the years of working experience in administrative work at radio and TV university,the author proposes some ideas on the reform of the internal administrative system of radio and TV universities in the new era.


The condition of pedestrian ways on campuses in Indonesia has become a serious problem because of the gap between regulations on pedestrian ways and reality. This condition affects students' satisfaction as they move around. This research attempts to develop an evaluation model and test it on the sidewalks of the University of Lampung campus. The method used in this study is a qualitative-quantitative method (mix methods), collecting data through literature questionnaires and observations. For data analysis, quantitative content analysis and statistical analysis were used to determine the correlation between predominant variables and students' overall satisfaction. This study found five dimensions of an evaluation model introduced by quassessment: quality, design, safety, sensory, amenities. It also found that the dominant factors that cause student dissatisfaction are concerns with durability of path material, aesthetics, and continuity of path without significant elevation differences. The dominant factors that potentially bring more satisfaction to students are durability of path material, aesthetics, and availability of shelter. On the other hand, observation, absence of obstruction, continuity of path without significant elevation differences, and durability of path material are the most common factors. Also, it has been found that overall satisfaction has a correlation with five dominant factors, which are durability of path material factor (0.62), absence of obstruction (0.60), continuity of path without significant elevation differences (0.69), aesthetics (0.59), and availability of shelter (0.53).


Types and amino acid contents of six varieties of PurpleCaitai were analyzed.The results indicated that there were 17 kinds of amino acid in Purple-Caitai,including seven kinds of essential amino acids to human body.But there was no significant difference in amino acid contents among six varieties.The leaves in caudex had higher nutrition value and medical value than that of the caudex.Different collection temperature had some influence on amino acid contents of Purple-Caitai.


Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-1245 / The diagnostic performance of unidimensional transient elastography for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis" by: "D. S. Feier, R. Badea, M. Lupsor-Platon, H. Stefanescu, A. Serban; Cluj-Napoca/RO"


We study area-stationary, or maximal, surfaces in the space ${\mathbb L}({\mathbb H}^3)$ of oriented geodesics of hyperbolic 3-space, endowed with the canonical neutral K\"ahler structure. We prove that every holomorphic curve in ${\mathbb L}({\mathbb H}^3)$ is a maximal surface. We then classify Lagrangian maximal surfaces $\Sigma$ in ${\mathbb L}({\mathbb H}^3)$ and prove that the family of parallel surfaces in ${\mathbb H}^3$ orthogonal to the geodesics $\gamma\in\Sigma$ form a family of equidistant tubes around a geodesic.


Amfepramone, (diethylpropion) is a central anorectic drug applied for reducing body weight in patients with simple obesity. Eighty-four patients with obesity were treated with amfepramone 25 rng tid for 2 mo, the response rate was 98%, 7.2±2.4 kg of body weight were lost. It was effective for reducing body weight than that of control group given Qixiao Wan. It had no adverse effects to heart, liver, kidney and blood cells. In order to enhance the clinical effects, low calorie controlled diets in the course of treatment is suggested.


The objective of the research was to determine the role of preparation designs and bonding agents on the flexural strength of porcelain veneers. Forty-five intact human maxillary anterior teeth viz 15 central incisors, 15 lateral incisors and 15 canines were selected. Thirty six teeth were subjected to tooth preparation for veneers to be used for experiments. Nine teeth were kept to serve as controls. Of the thirty six teeth, eighteen were prepared with window design and eighteen with palatal overlap with chamfer margin. Veneers were prepared in 'IPS Empress Esthetic'. For bonding, Variolink II and Metacem were used. The bonded specimens were subjected to mechanical flexural strength tests with Universal testing machine. All fractured specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Results of the study revealed that preparation designs viz. window preparation and palatal overlap with chamfer did not have variable influence on the flexural strength of the teeth restored with veneers. However the type of bonding cement influenced the flexural strength. Teeth bonded with Variolink II exhibited higher flexural strength compared to Metacem.


ABSTRACT Most scholars have focused on the simple presence of schools when examining their influence on neighborhood crime. This paper instead examines two school characteristics that might affect local juvenile crime. More specifically, this study uses negative binomial and logistic regression models to estimate the effects of high school dropouts and high-performing schools on juvenile violent crime in Orange County, CA. An integrated theoretical approach based on social bond and routine activity theories is utilized to guide this research. Findings from this study suggest that dropouts are associated with increases in aggravated assault and robbery incidents, but high-performing schools do not significantly affect these crime types. Finally, the models predicting juvenile crime are compared with models predicting all crime (both juveniles and adults), supporting our argument that juvenile crime is the theoretically appropriate crime measure.


H-alpha and Na D line profiles of the Epsilon Aur system acquired during the eclipse of 1982-84 are presented. As in previous eclipses, the H-alpha absorption core shows striking, systematic changes in width and radial velocity. H-alpha also exhibits time-varying blueshifted and redshifted emission in the line wings. It is suggested that the H-alpha emission-wing variability is due solely to ongoing processes in the extended atmosphere of the supergiant primary. As the eclipse progresses, the Na D absorption lines deepen and widen, then decrease in size as their weak emission components strengthen. The time-development of the Na D line profiles over the duration of the eclipse is consistent with the eclipsing object being a massive, cool, rotating, gaseous disk. The observed Na D line velocities combined with derived values for the mass and spatial extent of the secondary suggest that the disk is losing material.


The existence and development of postmodern society depend on the information, the exchange of information concerns mastering and use of language. Using the method of the pragmatics, Lyotard analyzed our problem of social relations, which was the language-game of asking the questions. The Post Modern reach the legitimation through the language misbuild. The purpose of the postmodern knowledge was still pursuing the reality, namely producing truth through the language game. Lyotard made a technical treatment of language, it was so emphasizing on the languagegame and suspecting the narrative legitimacy that went against the original intention of the theory.


The authors present a theoretical formalism to determine the band topology of flat bands in line-graph lattices, identifying families of lattices with fragile-topological flat bands.


For the problem of poor yarn tensile properties in the enterprise, it adjusts the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite and sodium carbonate and then concludes out optimal scouring and bleaching process by the orthogonal experiment and reaches the requirement of improving yarn tensile properties.


The normal thyroid gland is impalpable, situated in the anterior aspect of neck. The term 'goiter' describes enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiter commonly develops as a result of biosynthetic defects, iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease, and nodular diseases. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are also associated with goiter. Both benign and malignant lesions of thyroid commonly present with a nodule. Various forms of thyroid cancer are relatively common and are amenable to detection by physical examination. The prevalence of thyroid nodule ranges from 4-10% in general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children. Now a day due to common use of ultra sonography in the clinical practice the incidence of thyroid nodule has risen to 14-50%. The benign lesions are more common in thyroid and less than 5% are actually malignant. In India scenario is quite different. India has words biggest "goiter belt" in the sub Himalayan belt and average prevalence of goiter is around 40%. Though goiter is quite common, cancer of thyroid comparatively rare constituting less than 1% cancer. ABSTRACT


Based on "Chinese database of scientific and technological periodicals",this paper employed bibliometric methods to analyze the engineering research papers engaged in the area of "conversion of farmland back to forests in China" from 1999 to 2010,on aspect of the annual variation in output volume,the authors' institutions,distribution of journals,distribution of disciplines,published topics,and authors' collaboration degrees.The results showed that the area "conversion of farmland back to forests in China" attracted close attention from scientific community and on average more than 300 papers were published every year.Moreover,administrative departments at various levels,research institutes,and universities in forestry all focused closely on this area.The core journals were mainly forestry periodicals.The primary research sub-areas include forestry,agriculture,economics,and environmental sciences.The hot and emphasized topics were limited to application,while fundamental research was relatively scarce.


This study is aimed to show American's revenge against Japan in Michael Bay's Pearl Harbor movie by using sociological approach. It is done by establishing two objectives: the first is analyzing the movie based on the sociological approach.
This research is qualitative research. Type of data of the study is text and image taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source is Pearl Harbor movie directed by Michael Bay released in 2001. While the secondary data sources are other materials taken from books, encyclopedia, and internet related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis.
The study comes to the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis of each elements, it shows that the character and characterization, casting, plot, setting, point of view, theme, mise en scene, cinematography, sound and editing are related to each other and form the unity into good quality movie. Second, based on the sociological analysis, there is a close relationship between the movie story and the reality of American life that America takes revenge against Japan in order to heal the Americans's suffering and to get the honor back that is betrayed by Japan. This movie also shows that war just brings more harm than good no matter the purposes are.


applications. Eur Radiol 2004;14:1055e62. 6. Nyman U, Elmstahl B, Leander P, et al. Are gadolinium-based contrast media really safer than iodinated media for digital subtraction angiography in patients with azotemia? Radiology 2002;223:311e18. 7. Heinrich MC, Kuhlmann MK, Kohlbacher S, et al. Cytotoxicity of iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents in renal tubular cells at angiographic concentrations: in vitro study. Radiology 2007;242:425e34. 8. Thompson HS, Almen T, Morcos SK. Gadolinium-containing contrast media for radiographic examinations: a position paper. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2600e5. 9. Remy-Jardin M, Dequiedt P, Ertzbischoff O, et al. Safety and effectiveness of gadolinium-enhanced multidetector row spiral CT angiography of the chest: preliminary results in 37 patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast agents. Radiology 2005;235:819e26. 10. Kuo P, Kanal E, Abu-Alfa AK, et al. Contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Radiology 2007;242:647e9. 11. Rudin S, Yang CY, Yang Z, et al. The clinical potential of x-ray flat panel detectors for dynamicdevaluation of animal angiographic studies using a direct conversion-type flat panel detector. Toshiba Med Rev 2000;73:1e12. 12. Arsenault TM, King BF, Marsh JW Jr, et al. Systemic gadolinium toxicity in patients with renal insufficiency and renal failure: retrospective analysis of an initial experience. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:1150e4. 13. Sancak T, Bigic S, Sanlidilek U. Gadodiamide as an alternative contrast agent in intravenous digital subtraction angiography and interventional procedures of the upper extremity veins. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2002;25:49e52. 14. Prince MR, Arnoldus C, Frisoli JK. Nephrotoxicity of high-dose gadolinium compared with iodinated contrast. J Magn Reson Imaging 1996;6:162e6. 15. Thomsen HS. Gadolinium-based contrast media may be nephrotoxic even at approved doses. Eur Radiol 2004;14:1654e6.


An eyeglass paster (1), which is convenient for improving observing attention, has a shape and size identical or similar to the front surface or back surface of the eyeglass. An adhesive layer is applied to the bottom surface of the eyeglass paster which is stuck on a smooth surface of a substrate (2) with the adhesive layer. A local area of the eyeglass paster is hollowed out to act as a permeable area (3) or a tear line (4) is provided on the external edge of the local area needed to be hollowed out to act as a permeable area. The shape of the permeable area (3) or the area surrounded by the tear line (4) is rectangular or ellipse or similar to rectangular or ellipse.


Intact tympanic membranes were removed complete with malleus and annulus from temporal bones taken from cadavers in the postmortem room. These membranes were then immediately fixed in 10 per cent Formol saline. By incising the periosteum and reflecting the handle of the malleus from the mucosal surface of the drum, an exact dissection of the malleus from the surface of the tympanic membrane was achieved. The specimens were fixed for forty-eight hours. The staining technique is essentially as described by Rannie (1963), in which Oxone* is used as the oxidizing agent. A brief account of the steps taken in this method as applied to whole thickness preparations will now be given. This is a modification of the method used by Simpson (1967), for the examination of periodontal membranes. After oxidation for thirty minutes in 12 per cent Oxone in H2O the specimens were washed thoroughly in tap water for a further thirty minutes. The membranes were then dehydrated in ascending alcohols up to 70 per cent prior to immersion in Orcein (Taenzer-Unna) prepared as follows:


The purpose of writing this final project is to find out whether the purchasing system of CV. Lautan Ilmu Medan is good, namely by describing the raw material purchasing system. CV purchasing system data. Lautan Ilmu Medan is obtained from the results of observations, interviews and documentation of data collected by qualitative discriminatory techniques. The results of the data indicate that the raw material purchasing system has been implemented quite well because it involves functions with their respective duties and responsibilities.


Pumpkin flour is a food product shaped fine grains or flour, made from fresh pumpkin meat with added fillers or without the addition of filler material by using the granulator.
The materials used for making flour pumpkin include: fresh pumpkin, maltodextrin and water. The main tool used is granulator equipped with a motor, paddle (agitator), and temperature control with rpm. By using granulator,expected that materials will through the process crystallization and evaporation. Crystallization process serves to make the material into a crystalline form while the evaporation process aims to be faster formation of crystals or powder
From the experiment, showing with the addition of maltodextrin 12% then the resulting yield that have been more got in so do the water content contained. Whereas the higher temperatures used, so the water content and result yield that have been lower because many materials yawn into the air. The best quality is at trial IV with temperature of 80 ° C and with addition of 12% maltodextrin. Water content in flour lower, but the resulting yield quite a lot. The resulting color is also brighter than the other experiments which tend to burn even paler.
Keywords: pumpkin (Cucurbitamoschata), flour, granulator, temperature, maltodextrin.


SUMMARY One hundred eighty-three alumni of a hospitality program at a Northeastern university were surveyed to examine the relationships between work stressors, strains, social support, and several demographic variables and alcohol consumption among hospitality managers. The data provide compelling support for the presence of an occupational subculture whose norms promote drinking. No support was found for the work stress perspective of alcohol consumption; however, significant negative correlations between each of three measures of strain and alcohol consumption indicate that alcohol may serve as a buffer between work stressors and strains. Implications and future research needs are discussed.


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common occurrence in patients with malignant disease. Standard treatment for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) is usually initial subcutaneous weight-adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), which is continued for approximately 6 months. The treatment of acute DVT and/or PE is to prevent recurrent thromboembolism. In one prospective study, the cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE at 12 months was approximately 20% in patients with cancer with acute VTE compared with 7% in noncancer patients with acute VTE. Conversely, the risk of anticoagulant-associated bleeding in patients with cancer was increased 2-fold compared with that for noncancer patients. The duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer is an important unanswered question. Clinical practice guidelines recommend continuation for as long as the cancer is active (eg, patient with symptomatic metastatic disease receiving chemotherapy and prolonged immobility). However, in truth, these guidelines are based on extrapolations from patients without cancer and clinical experience. The DACUS (Duration of Anticoagulation Based on Ultrasonography) investigators are to be congratulated for conducting a prospective randomized trial to address the question of the optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients with malignant disease. They used a test, residual vein thrombosis (RVT), measured by compression ultrasound to guide the duration of therapy. The presence of RVT reflects venous stasis and vessel wall damage, which are two important components in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. Previous prospective studies in patients with acute VTE but without cancer demonstrated a relationship between RVT and recurrent VTE. In the DACUS trial, 347 patients with active cancer and DVT were treated with LMWH for 6 months and then underwent compression ultrasound for RVT. Subjects with no evidence of RVT stopped their LMWH and were followed for 12 months after discontinuation of LMWH. Seventy percent of the cohort had RVT and were randomly assigned to receive 6 more months of LMWH or no further treatment. In the group with no RVT who stopped treatment at 6 months, the rate of recurrent VTE was 2.8%. In the RVT-positive group, the rate of recurrent VTE from the time of random assignment was 18% in patients who received longer LMWH treatment (18 months of followup) compared with 22% in those who stopped treatment (12 months of follow-up). Although these results appear to favor longer term treatment, the difference was not statistically significant. When patients with no RVT at 6 months who did not receive extended treatment are compared with those with presence of RVT at 6 months who did not receive extended treatment, there was a statistically significant different in recurrence. There are several points related to the study design that should be considered. The primary outcome measure as defined in the study protocol was recurrent VTE after discontinuation of LMWH. In the initial submission to Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), the VTE and bleeding events during the first 6 months after random assignment were not counted for the extended LMWH treatment group. In a randomized trial, events are counted from the point of random assignment. As this is JCO policy and to avoid confusion for the reader, the authors were asked by the Editors to count events from the time of random assignment. The authors do report in Figure 3 the number of VTE events (four) and major bleeds (two) during the 6 months after random assignment. Table 3 takes these events into consideration. We can only speculate why the authors defined the follow-up period as starting from the point of stopping the LMWH. Thrombosis physicians are very interested in the period after stopping anticoagulants in patients with idiopathic VTE where rebound thrombosis is a major issue. Although we agree that this is of interest, it may not be germane to patients with cancer and VTE because of their shortened life span. The design of this study is similar to one that the McMaster group did many years ago in noncancer patients where impedance plethysmography (IPG) was used to guide the duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients presenting with idiopathic proximal DVT. IPG, similar to RVT, was used as a marker of poor venous flow. Similar to the current study, a positive IPG was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. RVT can be considered in a similar way to how oncologists think about a biomarker test to guide treatment in patients with breast cancer. A prognostic test describes the clinical course of the disease, that is, who will develop recurrent cancer and who will not, whereas a predictive test determines whether the treatment will work. In patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer who receive endocrine treatment and are being considered for chemotherapy, tests such as Oncotype Dx that define a low risk group for recurrence are used to spare patients chemotherapy. In the DACUS study, the RVT was prognostic but not predictive. The absence of RVT in patients who received 6 months of LMWH was associated with only a 2.9% risk of JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 32 NUMBER 32 NOVEMBER 1


years have raised increasing interest. Many applications of astronomical observation techniques, as coronography and interferometry get great benefit when moved in space and the employment of diluted systems represents a milestone to step-over in astronomical research. In this work, we present the Optical Position Sensors Emitter (OPSE) metrological sub-system on-board of the PROBA3. PROBA3 is an ESA technology mission that will test in-orbit many metrology techniques for the maintenance of a Formation Flying with two satellites, in this case an occulter and a main satellite housing a coronagraph named ASPIICS, kept at an average inter-distance of 144m. The scientific task is the observation of the Sun's Corona at high spatial and temporal resolution down to 1.08R⊙. The OPSE will monitor the relative position of the two satellites and consists of 3 emitters positioned on the rear surface of the occulter, that will be observed by the coronagraph itself. A Centre of Gravity (CoG) algorithm is used to monitor the emitter's PSF at the focal plane of the Coronagraph retrieving the Occulter position with respect to the main spacecraft. The 3σ location target accuracy is 300μm for lateral movement and 21cm for longitudinal movements. A description of the characterization tests on the OPSE LED sources, and of the design for a laboratory set-up for on ground testing is given with a preliminary assessment of the performances expected from the OPSE images centroiding algorithm.


According to the cutting process characteristics of cutting machine, this paper introduces the detail realizing process based on the Yanhua PCI_680 communication card, analyses PC I_1680 communication card development toolki and using it to complete the system communication. The data structure for the variant at the CAN 2. 0A protocol is designed and main program flow chart of communication of receiving and sending data frame is given. Recur to the using of toolki, it greatly reducing the developing complexity o f the software, shortening the development cycle and improving the stability of the program.


The Municipal Library of Rouen now holds practically all that survives of the library of Richard Simon, the scholar of Dieppe origin, generally considered to be the founder of biblical studies in France. In 1712, Simon bequeathed to the chapterhouse library of Rouen Cathedral the books that survived in his possession after the loss of his library in the 1694 fire in Dieppe, and after a deliberate cull of his papers, which took place shortly before his death. The archiepiscopal collection, seized at the Revolution, was one of those used to furnish the new public library. It was probably then that some of the works left by Simon, including a number of extremely rare printed works and all the then surviving manuscripts (letters and collections of working notes), were lost. In spite of loss and destruction, an important collection of some hundred of Simon's books has come down to us. Amongst these books several heavily annotated volumes give us some insight into the working methods of this biblical critic. As a scholar fascinated by rare editions, a knowledgeable bibliographer, and one who was in contact with many correspondents in France and abroad, Richard Simon had already by 1694 amassed a substantial library, containing a number of rare printed and manuscript items. Nearly half of the works which survive today are in Hebrew or relate to the Jews, and are thus a reflection of the rabbinical library gathered by Simon for work on his Histoire critique du Vieux Testament. Several of these books had previously belonged to notable Hebrew scholars such as Cinquarbres, Vatable, and Postel. Another fairly well preserved group relates to oriental beliefs, and in particular to modern Greek theology. On the other hand there are comparatively few survivals from the books which Simon must have used most frequently. The small number of bibles, and the paucity of works from the patrologia or on Catholic theology are surely a measure of the scale of the destruction caused by the D


Pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and typically includes exercise and disease‐specific education components. However, the benefits directly attributable to the education component remain unclear. This trial sought to determine whether the addition of education to exercise training resulted in greater improvements in health outcomes than pulmonary rehabilitation where education has been omitted.


The specific work organization was determined by the specified productivity.The traditional sense of small-scale production was originated from slavery and feudal system which formed enclosed natural economy of agriculture.Meanwhile,the fight between farmer and handicraft-practitioner,as individuality reflect of small-scale production,Large-scale production,during the social division of labor,has never ceased.Many small enterprises which developed from small-scale production have become the major force impelling the stable and harmony development of Chinese economy and the vital channel releasing the society employment contradiction.It plays a critical role in the national economy.After China joined WTO,any form of small-scale production,facing violent international and home market environment,should take proper enterprise development strategy to improve itself.In fact,the small-scale productions and small enterprises,under the precondition of extending and sub-divising of social division of labor,no matter developed country or developing country,have expressed strong vitality.After competence market rules emerging,the Pareto Improvement of social welfare has the demand to break the boundary of small-scale production and transform to higher effective production pattern.