Questions of importance and content of undeveloped areas are elaborated in this paper, as well as models of applicability and conductive development factors, and possibility of growth of undeveloped areas. The subject of research in this work defines the importance of regional aspect of growth on one side and models as basic tools of regional development on the other side. The time dimension of research subject is long-term time horizon, up to three decades in retrospective, and a decade in perspective. Considering the defined subject of research, the general goal is evaluation undeveloped area of economy and possibility of improvement their development. Theoretical analyzes gives clear direction of improvement and overcoming regional inequalities in economic lagging of certain areas. Through analyzing theoretical aspect of regional development, the result is that theoretical coverage of previous policy is very important in procedure of applying policy of regional improvement, since it gives basic modalities and optimal solutions in realizing activities of reducing regional lagging of some regional units.


This investigation is directed to the composition of Reggae since its roots and as it has evolved with the most important topics of the reggae. The reach associated with this project of composition is create a portfolio of 5 unpublished songs, allowing develop different sonorities by means of the relation of the musical elements of Reggae and symphonic instrumental diversity. Through on the methodology of the research will be used an experimental design for the composition of each song, doing an analysis the songs more representative of the Reggae. Will be used the methods of synthesis and observation to develop this project from the most simple to the most complex. Will be seek to create sound effects, like result from the experimentation of the genre Reggae and symphonic instrumentation. Importantly, the analysis of the historical evolution of Reggae to deepen and developed the compositional resources of this genre. The information will be based on primary and secondary sources. Will be developed interviews, questions and dialogues with the people who know the genre and a list of the songs analyzed of the exponents of the genre between the 90's and 2000's


The objective of this thesis is to show the experimental validation of recently proposed adaptive control architecture for uncertain dynamical systems. The experimental validation is conducted on a benchmark mechanical system setup composed of two carts, one actuated and one unactuated, physically interconnected through a spring. Specifically, an approach has been recently proposed to stabilize an overall interconnected system in the presence of unknown physical interconnections as well as system uncertainties in the context of model reference adaptive control. This uncertain dynamical system consists of actuated and unactuated portions physically interconnected to each other. In addition, the previous work enforces performance guarantees individually on both the actuated and unactuated portions of the interconnected system. In particular, a set-theoretic model reference adaptive control approach has been used in conjunction with linear matrix inequalities to enforce these performance guarantees that is restricting the respective system error trajectories of the actuated and unactuated dynamics inside a-priori, user defined compact sets. As stated above, the overarching contribution of this thesis is to present experimental results for the purpose of demonstrating the efficacy of the previously proposed approach on a benchmark mechanical system setup involving an actuated cart coupled with an unactuated cart through a spring in the presence of both unknown friction and unknown uncertainties. It is experimentally observed that utilizing the proposed approach stabilizes and restricts the respective system error trajectories of the interconnected system.


Tasmania eucalyptus nitens is one of the most important plantation hardwood species used for paper production. Forest growers and wood processing companies have recently considered it for the production of high quality sawlog. The high quality sawlog, however, can be produced from pruned plantation eucalyptus niten as the unpruned one contains several knots and cracks which lessen the quality of the log. Thus, it is vital for forest growers to deliver pruned log to wood processing companies. The pruned log, however, could not be discriminated from unpruned stems by harvester within the plantation plot due to self (natural) pruning process of unpruned tree. This leads to the delivery of the pruned log to the processors challenging. Although wood processors use large x-ray image machines during processing to optimise wood recovery, high costs are incurred from transporting poor quality, knotty timber following the harvest. In this paper, a 17 year old eucalyptus nitens has been considered for non-destructive evaluation. The aim is to investigate the effects of the defects including knots and cracks on the ultrasonic wave. 12 samples from different parts of trunk have been selected and conditioned at the forest moisture content of 120% (70% water content). The samples were scanned by ultrasonic waves at every 10 cm distance in longitudinal direction and at every 45 degree spacing in circumferential direction along the samples. Results show that there is a significant difference between recorded ultrasonic waveforms propagated through unpruned billets and pruned ones. The unpruned billets had a larger effect on ultrasonic waves while the waves are relatively steady when pruned billets are tested.


PURPOSE: To provide a coextrusion multi-film having a first layer containing vinyliden chloride-methyl acrylate copolymer (VDC-MA), a second layer containing a composition having a higher melting point than that of VDC-MA, and a third layer between both the layers, a manufacture thereof, and a packaging container made from the film. CONSTITUTION: A film 110 comprises a first layer of VDC-MA layer 112, a second layer of a surface layer 114 consisting of polymeric composition having a melting point of at least of 204 deg.C such as polyethylene terephthalate, a third layer of adhesive layer 116 consisting of ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer. The plasticized melt flow of the composition of each layer 112, 114, 116 respectively supplied from the extruder is combined and discharged out of the die, so as to manufacture the film 110.


Reports some empirical trials comparing seven different neural learning algorithms (including two versions of back propagation) on four test problems. Though limited in scope the study does shed light on the performance of a variety of learning techniques, compared under relatively uniform conditions. The results cast some doubt on the status of back propagation as an 'industrial strength' learning algorithm.


This research has developed a high temperature steam cleaning technology using a ceramic membrane with durability against temperature and pressure conditions. In steam cleaning, steam of 12 0℃ is injected into the ceramic membrane to induce pyrolysis by the endothermic reaction to remove fouling from the membrane. The water quality of raw water was adjusted to turbidity 10, 25 NTU and DOC 2.5 mg/L, and the membrane was uniformly fouled by constant pressure operation at 100, 200, and 300 kPa. Physical backwashing was performed with water and air at a pressure of 500 kPa and steam at 120℃ was injected for 0 to 5 minutes. As the turbidity concentration and the operating pressure increased, the flux decreased by 0.7 to 14.4%. It is confirmed that 10.7 to 53.8% recovery is possible than physical cleaning at the injection of steam for 3 minutes, so it is considered that the steam cleaning of the ceramic membrane is effective. Compared with CEB after NaOCl (300 mg/L) filtration at 25 NTU and 300 kPa of turbidity, the steam cleaning result for 3 minutes was similar to 46.7% of CEB for 3 hours. It has been confirmed that steam cleaning is suitable for a ceramic membrane having excellent heat resistance against high temperature. It was considered to have better cleaning efficiency as compared with general physical backwashing.


Background & Study Aim: Among martial arts boxing and kickboxing are the most popular combat sports. The purpose of this study was knowledge about anaerobic power, lower-body strength characteristic and some kinetic and kinematics during loaded squat jump movement in Turkish national boxers and kickboxers. Material & Methods: Seven boxers (age: 25.5±2.57 years; boy: 174.2±4.38 cm; weight: 69.5±5.53 kg) and 6 kickboxers (age: 24.3±4.03 years; height: 176.1±9.45 cm; weight: 70.5±10.25 kg) who had ranks in competitions at Europe and World Championships. Totally 13 athletes (age: 25.0±3.24 years; height: 175.1±6.91 cm; weight: 70.0±7.70 kg), participated voluntarily in this study. Was applied and maximal anaerobic power, maximal anaerobic capacity, minimum anaerobic power and fatigue index values as both absolute and relative was obtained. One repetition maximal (1RM) values in full back squat (SQfull) movement was defined. Loaded-squat jump (SJLoaded) movement was applied by using an external load that corresponds to 40% of body weights of the participants by utilizing an isoinertial velocity transducer (T-Force dynamic measurement system) and values of mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) were obtained. Results: There are no statistically significant differences between velocity and power values during SJLoaded movement with 1RM and anaerobic power values of Turkish national boxers and kickboxers (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, the reason that there are no significant differences between both groups; it can be suggested that both groups consist of high-level athletes who participated in Europe and Word championships and their training systems and methods are similar to each other.


A historical materialist argues that the socio-political structure of society, the ideals and policies of a nation and the distinctive facets of a civilization are mainly shaped by the structural conditions under which production is carried on. Put differently, a historical materialist thinks of the socio-political structure of society, the ideals and policies of a nation and the distinctive facets of a civilization as mainly shaped by the conditions of production. This paper analyses this issue against the backdrop of the contractual origin of the firm as theorised in Alchian and Demsetz, 1972. According to the author, an employee-managed system is a new production mode with a distinctive potential for outperforming capitalism which, contrary to AD's opinion, has failed to materialise because of the predominance of economics over politics – in full accord with the core assumption behind the materialist conception of history. An issue discussed is also the cultural roots of historical materialism. JEL Classification: P13, P, J54, D4


(many of them are from ATOFMS, see lists in our recent review: Ge et al., atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45, 3, 524-546). TMA is the most common and abundant amine in the atmosphere, with marine emissions as an important source. Although in this study, the authors found that amine-OA is not linked to sea salt, it is possible that it is a secondary OA factor. Based on thermodynamic equilibrium, it is possible that gas phase TMA (probably abundant in the sampling site near the ocean) could transformed into particulate aminium salt, and this transformation is favored by conditions of cold temperatures and high RH (see Ge et al., atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45, 3, 561577). This is somehow in consistent with the authors' finding that amine-OA peak during night and abundance of clouds.


A study is presented of the most anterior postotic somites in a series of embryos from the five‐somite stage to 16 days. A gradual fading out of the somite forming tendency in this region seems to be indicated both by the formation of a rudimentary somite and by conditions found in the first true somites.


The invention discloses a memory array circuit with high-speed reading work, which is characterized by the following: connecting one end of second bit line (SBL) on the common power source through drain selector (DS) and the other end on the main bit line (MBL) through source selector (SS); switching the selected signal of drain selected line (DSA) of drain selector (DS) and source selected wire (SSE) of source selector (SS); switching secondary bit line (SBL) into drain line or source line of memory unit (MC); making content of memory unit (MC) reach 2 bit; selecting 2 reserving units (MC) with secondary bit line (SBL) of main bit line (MBL) from reserving unit.


Abstract This article considers the activities of three Islamic NGOs in sub-Saharan Africa. The African Muslim Agency (Direct Aid) is a Sunni Muslim NGO involved in charity, relief, development and da'wa (missionary effort), created in 1981 by a group of Muslim Brothers (Ikhwân al-Muslimûn) from Kuwait. The Bilal Muslim Mission is a Shî′î Muslim NGO founded in Tanzania in 1963 by the Indian Shi'ites of East Africa. Its aim is to spread Twelver Shi′ism in East Africa and beyond, and to assist Shi′ites living in poverty worldwide. Until its dissolution, al-Haramayn was engaged in very much the same work as the African Muslim Agency, the main difference being that al-Haramayn emphasized the propagation of Salafî Islam rather than charity work. Like any modern Islamic NGO, these institutions pursue two aims: while giving support to those in need, they simultaneously try to spread their particular version of Islam. This article has four aims: to analyse the network structures that link these NGOs to other parts of the world; to discover the socio-political and cultural implications behind their activities; to investigate the education and formation of the actors involved in Islamic charity by tracing the biographical itineraries of two representatives of Islamic NGOs in Africa; and to analyse the state of affairs for these NGOs after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the USA.


Abstract While racial and political tensions have ebbed and flowed throughout American history, one thing makes the current moment distinct—the invasive presence of information through technology. Therefore, the polarization and bias of certain media outlets may exacerbate perceived differences between racial and ethnic groups, political parties, religions, and so forth, increasing tensions and the gaps between 'us' and 'them.' Using qualitative data from a study of the Alt-Right, we analyze the relationships between perceptions of social concerns, feelings of status threat, perceptions of media and technology, and affiliation with the Alt-Right among White Americans. In general, we find three primary themes regarding Alt-Right affiliation for White Americans: (1) threats to us, (2) return to the good ole days, and (3) faux news. Our findings yield valuable insight into the complex relationships between internalized and institutionalized racial hierarchies and extremist ideologies for White Americans. Implications for policy and research are discussed.


This paper elaborates the basic theory and calculation method for life cycle cost(LCC) of power generation equipment.According to the intrinsic link among the various factors of LCC,a revision is made for the variation margin of the two main factors by assuming the mutual independence of various factors,which makes the analysis more realistic.Taking a 2× 600 MW thermal power plant for example,several influence factors are selected to calculate the net present value of LCC.Single-and multi-factor sensitivity analysis is conducted on the target net present value so as to find out the internal relations between the target value and the influence factors and to provide a basis for decision-making for the equipment investment and optimization management.


Abstract This paper presents the findings on a quantitative evaluation of carbonyl levels in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The cigarettes evaluated include products with 5.0 mg 'tar', 10.6 mg 'tar' and 16.2 mg 'tar', where 'tar' is defined as the weight of total wet particulate matter (TPM) minus the weight of nicotine and water, and the cigarettes are smoked following U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommendations. The measured levels of carbonyls in the exhaled smoke were compared with calculated yields of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke and a retention efficiency was obtained. The number of human subjects included a total of ten smokers for the 10.6 mg 'tar', five for the 16.2 mg 'tar', and five for the 5.0 mg 'tar' product, each subject smoking three cigarettes. The analyzed carbonyl compounds included several aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde), and two ketones (acetone and 2-butanone). The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. Exhaled smoke was collected on Cambridge pads pretreated with a solution of dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the dinitrophenylhydrazones of the carbonyl compounds. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke, based on calibration curves. These were generated separately by analyzing the carbonyls in smoke and the nicotine in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. The comparison of the level of carbonyl compounds in exhaled smoke with that from the inhaled smoke showed high retention of all the carbonyls. The retention of aldehydes was above 95% for all three different 'tar' levels cigarettes. The ketones were retained with a slightly lower efficiency. Acetone was retained in the range of 90% to 95%. The retention for 2-butanone showed a larger scatter compared to other results but it also appeared to be slightly less absorbed than the aldehydes, with an average retention around 95%. The retention of acetaldehyde and acetone by human smokers was previously reported in literature and the findings from this study are in very good agreement with these result.


OBJECTIVE
To conduct a polling experiment to understand the possible framing effects that drive constituents' views around Medicare For All (MFA) and Medicaid Buy-In (MBI).

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING
Five thousand and fifty-one US adults aged 18 and older were recruited to participate in an online poll conducted between September 12, 2018, and September 26, 2018.

STUDY DESIGN
Participants were randomized to receive one of four polls: (a) a poll measuring respondent approval for MFA, with the name of the proposal stated with a description; (b) a poll measuring approval for MFA, with only a description of the proposal; (c) a poll measuring approval for MBI, with the name stated with a description; or (d) a poll measuring approval for MBI, with only a description.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Including the names "Medicare For All" and "Medicaid Buy-In" increases approval by 3.4 (from 32.7 percent to 36.1 percent) and 5.0 (from 50.1 percent to 55.1 percent) percentage points, respectively. Support varies by age, where MBI is most strongly supported by Millennials, while Baby Boomers and those older than 65 are more likely to support MFA.

CONCLUSIONS
Constituents are more likely to support a proposal when given the names of the proposal. Approval is also higher for health policies that are framed as expansions of existing policies than as new programs.


Based on the analysis of the current situation of safety production and supervision and monitoring on dangerous chemicals in Beijing,the trend of supervision and monitoring on dangerous chemicals was predicted.In order to improve the ability of supervision and monitoring,optimization techniques of supervision and monitoring on dangerous chemicals were presented.


Control of vibration and noise has received careful and thorough consideration throughout the design of the MARTA [Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority] rail transit system facilities and vehicles. This has included use of sound barriers, damping of structures and resilient support, or vibration isolation supports for rails. Operations on the limited extent of the system now in service have allowed for measurements to show the effectiveness of the designs in controlling vibration and noise. Floating slab trackbed for vibration isolation of the rails from the supporting structure proved effective in reducing ground‐borne vibration and noise. Sound barrier walls on aerial structures give substantial reduction of airborne noise from the transit vehicles. Damping of aerial structure girders proved effective in reducing low‐frequency noise radiated from the structure. Primarily emphasizing wayside vibration and noise, design configuration details and results showing effectiveness will be presented for ...


This paper presents a stack algorithm approach as a fast optimization for multiple-symbol detection of differential unitary space-time modulation. The proposed algorithm has low complexity and is optimal, that is, it is equivalent to maximum-likelihood detection. At high SNR, given a signal constellation of size L with N detected symbols, simulations show that the proposed stack algorithm reduces the complexity required to maximize the decision metric from O(LNN2) to O(LN2).


Summary form only given. In this presentation we report the effect of electric and magnetic fields at 2.45 GHz frequency on the heating behavior of variety of materials. The survey of variety of samples of metals, ceramics, composites and magnetic materials showed remarkable differences in their heating behaviors and microstructural developments. It was observed that ferrites, dielectric insulators such as BaTiO/sub 3/ or TiO/sub 2/, could be rendered non-crystalline (amorphous) in 5-30 seconds, without even melting, when processed in 2.45 GHz single mode cavity, at the magnetic node alone. The magnetic properties of these commercial materials can be controlled by exposure to these fields. Even Silicon metal also showed decrystallization but in E-field. The results establish conclusively that the magnetic field interaction causes variety of losses and dominates the heating of almost all materials and often produces unexpected results.


Desinng the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation. By James K. A. Smith. Cultural Liturgies series, vol. 1. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2009. 238 pp. $21.99 (paper). It may be an understatement to say that Anglicans do not look first to the Reformed tradition for insight and edification in regard to liturgical theology and proposals for liturgical renewal. In fact this book - exceptional in every sense of the word - was not even slated for review in this journal until, in the midst of an engaged reading, I successfully appealed to the editor for a hearing. The author is a Professor of Philosophy and Adjunct Professor of Congregational and Ministry Studies of Calvin College, an increasingly significant center in the aforementioned tradition for liturgical studies and renewal of worship. Smith projects three volumes in this Cultural Liturgies series. Of this first he says, "The genesis of the project was a desire to communicate to students (and faculty) a vision of what authentic, integral Christian learning looks like, emphasizing how learning is connected to worship and how, together, these constitute practices of formation and discipleship. Instead of focusing on what Christians think, distilling Christian faith into an intellectual summary formula ( a 'worldview'), this book focuses on what Christians do, articulating the shape of a Christian 'social imaginary' as it is embedded in the practices of Christian worship" (p. 11). This work is seen, then, as laying the foundation for a second piece centered on philosophical anthropology and a third volume addressing current debates in political theology. At least three things stand out in regard to this first volume: a newold reconstruction of anthropology, the eschatological focus at the center of Smith's argument, and his creative juxtaposition of the classic elements of Christian worship to the subtle and not so subtle liturgies of mall (the consumer culture), nation (the sports / military culture), and university (a culture producing self-consistent worldviews that are nonetheless disparate). All these compete for our ultimate allegiances in one way or another - sometimes congruent, sometimes not. Smith brings a wide range of scholarship and insight to bear in trenchant analyses of these other liturgical constructions that promise salvation in one way or another. In regard to anthropology, the thesis is advanced that human beings are not primarily thinking or believing beings, but only secondarily so. What is first is desire. With humans as first and foremost desiring creatures, the questions surrounding the ordering of our precognitive and prereflective loves are paramount. In other words, he investigates those seminal practices that willy nilly form us into some vision of human flourishing (the kingdom). It is the dimensions of such kingdoms ("social imaginaries" rather than "worldviews") that give both metaphorical and literal direction to our choices in life. In some ways this is, for Christians at least, as old as Augustine, as lasting as Dante's effoliation of it, and as recent as Alexander Schmemann's For the Life of the World, but it is given fresh and significant exegesis and application by Smith. The argument of the volume is set forth in two parts of three chapters each, following an extensive introduction that is focused on (1) the phenomenology of cultural liturgies; (2) a restatement of the necessary but often unperceived relationship between education and worship; and (3) a consideration of the elements for a theology of culture (with a focus on pedagogy, liturgy, and ecclesia). …


Thomas and colleagues are worried about the recent change in the maximum age of symptom onset in the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 7 years in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition (DSM-IV) to 12 years in DSM-5.1 2 3 They think that this change may increase "the risk of confusing ADHD with normal developmental processes, such as pubertal restlessness and distractibility." Although it …


The appealing concept of optimal harvesting is often used in fisheries to obtain new management strategies. However, optimality depends on the objective function, which often varies, reflecting the interests of different groups of people. The aim of maximum sustainable yield is to extract the greatest amount of food from replenishable resources in a sustainable way. Maximum sustainable yield may not be desirable from an economic point of view. Maximum economic yield that maximizes the profit of fishing fleets (harvesting sector) but ignores socio-economic benefits such as employment and other positive externalities. It may be more appropriate to use the maximum economic yield that which is based on the value chain of the overall fishing sector, to reflect better society's interests. How to make more efficient use of a fishery for society rather than fishing operators depends critically on the gain function parameters including multiplier effects and inclusion or exclusion of certain costs. In particular, the optimal effort level based on the overall value chain moves closer to the optimal effort for the maximum sustainable yield because of the multiplier effect. These issues are illustrated using the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery.


The increasing trend of LSCS is a public as well as health professionals concern, out of which repeat LSCS accounts for a major chunk . Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical factors as predictors in successful cases of VBAC after one LSCS done for non-recurrent indication. A prospective observational study comprising of 500 patients was performed. 50% of TOLAC cases had successful vaginal delivery. 86% of successful VBAC was observed when period of gestation was 40 weeks or less. 82% of cases who had previous VBAC had successful TOLAC. 54% of patients who delivered vaginally were third or higher gravidae. Patients having spontaneous onset of labour had better chances of vaginal delivery. Duration of augmentation with oxytocin also played an important role in predicting successful VBAC. Out of the 250 cases who delivered vaginally 84.4% had babies weighing 2-3.5 kg. Our study concluded that VBAC success can be predicted by certain clinical factors like prior VBAC, period of gestation, estimated fetal weight, spontaneous onset of labour, gravidity, regarding which the couple should be counselled. TOLAC is safe and can reduce repeat cesarean section and thus reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.


Aims Litter decomposition is a key process of energy flow and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems that might be sensitive to the loss of biodiversity.Our objective in this study was to investigate the potential effects of plant litter diversity on decomposition processes and nutrient release in an Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem.Methods We placed aboveground litter (stems and leaves) of four dominant species (Stipa krylovii,Astragalus scaberrimus,Potentilla acaulis and Leymus chinensis) individually and in mixture in litterbags in the field on Oc-tober 27,2006.We collected the litter bags after 0,162,252 and 341 days and determined mass loss and N and P content in the remaining litter.Important findings After 341 days,the remaining mass of litter of individual species was significantly nega-tively correlated with initial litter N content.There was no significant difference between the observed and ex-pected mass remaining for most litter mixtures,except the A.scaberrimus-P.acaulis mixture,in which mass re-maining was 7.5% higher than the expected.Nevertheless,most litter mixtures affected the dynamics of N and P during decomposition.N releases of S.krylovii-A.scaberrimus and S.krylovii-L.chinensis were facilitated in the early stages of decomposition,in which remaining N was 4.7% and 10.0% lower,respectively,than the ex-pected.Meanwhile,either release or accumulation of P in four of five litter mixtures was also promoted in differ-ent decomposition stages,and the P remaining significantly differed from the expected in S.krylovii-P.acaulis,S.krylovii-L.chinensis and S.krylovii-A.scaberrimus (31.1%,23.1% and 21.8%,respectively in the early,middle,and later stage of decomposition).Our results show that litter diversity has significant effects on nutrient dynamics,especially for P,but not on mass loss rates of most decomposing mixtures,and the effects of mixing are complex.


The author gives another linear-algebraic proof of the famous result of Zariski, Delorme, Briancon-Granger-Maisonobe about the moduli number of plane curve singularities with the same topological type as Xa + Yb = 0 (i.e., with one characteristic pair). Since the original proof depends very much on the division theorem of Briancon, it cannot be generalized to higher dimensions. It is hopeful that the proof here will be applied to the higher dimensional cases.


Achieving high performance in large-scale graph analytics using conventional processing systems generally involves excessive runtimes. In response to this, we present a language for graph analytics that allows users to write in a familiar, vertexcentric API while leveraging the computational power of manycore accelerators. Our prototype toolchain automatically employs abstract sparse linear algebra (ASLA) operations using custom semi-rings in order to maximize performance. Our implementation presents an API similar to Pregel without requiring the user to write explicit combiners. We map the user's algorithm to an efficient, fused ASLA-based approach at compile time with no runtime overhead. Using this technique, we have implemented several algorithms, including single-source shortest path and PageRank. With a GPU-accelerated linear algebra backend, we can achieve better than 500% speedup over a multicore ASLA library, using real and synthetic datasets. Keywords—Graph Analytics, GPU Acceleration, Linear Algebra


ABSTRACT To provide a structure for our thinking about the impact of digital media on our therapeutic work, I have outlined a way of organizing such thinking. I utilize the idea of the "psychodynamic functions" digital media perform within the context of our therapeutic work. Based mainly on my own experiences as a therapist, I outline 16 "psychodynamic functions," which are the most frequent and salient ones. I provide additional structure by organizing these "psychodynamic functions" into three categories. The three categories are the "enhancing functions" that are likely to contribute to the richness of our psychoanalytic work, the "straddling functions" which are likely to have both enriching, enhancing aspects at times, along with defensive or impeding aspects at other times, and finally, the "defensive functions" which seem always to have defensive purposes. Equipped with these conceptualizations of psychodynamic functions, I consider seven detailed clinical examples of children and adolescents who have used digital media in their sessions. These examples include one patient suffering from trauma, one at a neurotic level of functioning, and five who were on the autism spectrum (either Asperger's or high-functioning autism). I conclude with integrated reflections on the case illustrations, including discussion of how formulating the psychodynamic functions illuminates the types of in-session interventions to consider.


The aim of the research was to analyse the effects of family cultural capital on reading behaviour of the selected group of lower secondary and upper secondary school students in Slovakia. Based on the results of the international testing called PIRLS (2016) and PISA (2018) the school children in Slovakia achieved low results. Therefore, the selected aspects of family cultural capital were analysed to find out the extent of effect it has on the reading behaviour of the selected sample of the students in Slovakia. Specifically, the research was focused on the several selected factors, as follows: family trips, cinema, theatre shows, galleries and concerts attendance, family crafts, parental education, and parental reading behaviour. The sample was selected based on the age of the respondents and their school affiliation. Geographically the random sample was selected from the students of Nitra region in Slovakia. Although the data were collected about both parents of each student, the effect of mother's reading behaviour appeared to have greater significance. Apparently, the number of books in the family library had some effect on reading behaviour of the children in the family, too. The results presented the importance of family environment in the process of reading behaviour development of the selected groups of students.
Keywords: cultural capital, reading behaviour, mimic model, metric invariance.


Abstract Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn in South Dakota are based on a soil test for inorganic N, but data is limited concerning how different tillage systems affect N uptake and yield of continuous corn. Relationships between total N uptake and yield of corn, N03‐N contents at different sampling depths taken either in the spring or fall were studied in 1988 and 1989 on an Estelline soil located in eastern South Dakota. The test consisted of three tillage systems (chisel, moldboard, and ridge) and 5 N rates (0, 65, 130, 195, and 260 kg N/ha). Results indicated that NO3‐N samples taken in the fall to a depth of 60 cm were better correlated with N uptake and yield than spring sampled soils. The correlations in 1988 between fall NO3‐N and uptake were linear for the chisel and moldboard system but quadratic for the ridge system. In 1989 the response was quadratic for the chisel and moldboard system but linear for the ridge system. The relationship between fall NO3‐N and corn grain yield was line...


Models with dynamical supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking have the potential to solve many of the naturalness problems of hidden sector supergravity models. We review the argument that in a generic supergravity theory in which supersymmetry is {ital dynamically} broken in the hidden sector, only tiny Majorana masses for gauginos are generated. This situation is similar to that of theories with continuous {ital R} symmetries, for which Hall and Randall have suggested that gluino masses could arise through mixings with an octet of chiral fields. We note that, in hidden sector models, such mixing can only occur if the auxiliary {ital D} field of a U(1) gauge field has an expectation value. This in turn gives rise to a catastrophically large Fayet-Iliopoulos term for ordinary hypercharge. To solve this problem it is necessary to unify hypercharge at least partially in a non-Abelian group. We consider, also, some general issues in models with continuous or discrete {ital R} symmetries, noting that it may be necessary to include SU(2)-triplet fields, and that these are subject to various constraints. In the course of these discussions, we consider a number of naturalness problems. We suggest that the so-called {mu} problem'' is not a problem, and pointmore » out that in models in which the axion decay constant is directly related to the SUSY-breaking scale, squarks, sleptons, and Higgs particles generically acquire huge masses.« less


This study was conducted to determine the impact of market orientation on the consumer-based performance of fashion apparel brands. The study also reveals the moderating effect of employee orientation on market orientation and consumer-based performance. The sample of 270 respondents of this study consists of managerial staff who have decisive power with regard to apparel brands in Pakistan . The findings of this study express that all three dimensions of market orientation have a significant and positive impact on the consumer-based performance of fashion apparel brands. Furthermore, the study finds no moderation between customer orientation and consumer-based performance, while for the remaining two dimensions, there is a positive moderation. The management of fashion apparel firms must give considerable importance to market orientation to enhance overall consumer-based performance. This study contributes valuable literature because it focuses on the fashion apparel industry, which is most important for very nearly everyone in the present era.


Staple viscose fibres, of a type commonly used in wound-dressing materials, were treated with a cellulase complex isolated from Geotricum candidum. Adsorption of cellulase onto the fibre and rates of cellulolytic hydrolysis were measured under the applied-treatment conditions. Changes in fibre properties were measured in terms of their specific surface area accessible to N2 and cellulases and in terms of their mean pore radius, moisture regain, degree of swelling, and tensile strength. In particular, it was found that the sorption of Staphylococcus aureus cells from a bacterial suspension increased to 90% for the cellulase-treated fibres compared with only 2% for the untreated fibres. Cellulase treatment is therefore recommended as a means of increasing the sorption properties of cellulosic wound dressings.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating hiccups after abdominal surgery.Methods Seventy-two patients with hiccups after abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to treatment,control and combination groups,24 cases each.The treatment group received acupuncture at bilateral points Zusanli,Hegu,Neiguan and Taichong;the control group,an intramuscular injection of methylphenidate;the combination group,acupuncture followed by an intramuscular injection of methylphenidate.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the total efficacy rate between the treatment and control groups(P0.01) but no between the treatment and combination groups(P0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture is an effective way to treat hiccups after abdominal surgery.


The Pathyāpathyaviniścaya of Vishwanatha Sen of the 16th Century AD was acclaimed all over the country as an authentic work on therapeutic dietetics. It was translated subsequently into Telugu, Bengali, Gujarati and Hindi but at present, the book is out of print not accessed by the Ayurvedic community. This report discusses the results of the attempt to translate this text book into English with critical notes and indexes, which will enable wider access and use amongst the professionals of Ayurveda and the larger global community that looks towards traditional systems of health for ideas on nurturing healthy diet and lifestyle. The book is divided into five sections covering 75 chapters listing with dos and don'ts for specific diseases with respect to diet, lifestyle and medicine. Each verse is given in the devanagari script with transliteration in the roman script along with prose order. Word by word meaning is also given with translation and critical notes. The entire information from the book has also been converted into a database to develop a software that will enable easy retrieval and sorting of the data. * Accomplished under the sponsorship of Indian National Commission for History of Science between the period July 2012 and June 2013 with additional period of three months between May 2014 and August 2014. **Director and Chief Scientific Officer, AVP Research Foundation, 136/137, Trichy Road, Ramanathapuram P.O., Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION The Pathyāpathyaviniścaya of Vishwanatha Sen is an important work on Ayurvedic Dietetics that was composed in the 16th Century AD. This work was acclaimed all over the country as an authentic work on therapeutic dietetics. It was translated to Telugu, Bengali and Gujarati in early 20th Century and in 1999 into Hindi by Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). Presently, the book is out of print and remains neglected by the academic community of Ayurveda. Following to a great extent, the nosological arrangements of diseases by Mādhava, the Ayurvedic expert in diagnostics, Vishwanatha Sen has summarised the dos and don'ts for about 75 disease categories; covering almost all the diseases well known to Ayurveda in his times. P V Sharma has also noted the similarity of the sequence of diseases with the text Cakradatta. He has also listed the indications and contra indications of diet, regimen and therapy with respect to the three doas as well as the six seasons. This makes the Pathyāpathyaviniścaya work one of the most comprehensive and exclusive treatises on therapeutic dietetics in the history of Ayurveda. Pathyāpathya, which includes therapeutic dietetics, behaviour, regimens and adjuvant therapies, began to emerge as an independent discipline only after the 15th Century AD according to Professor P V Sharma. Sivadasa Sena of the 15th Century AD makes mention of such a treatise. The Yogaratnākara composed in the 17th Century AD has borrowed many verses from the Pathyāpathyaviniścaya. Thus, this treatise is a landmark in the development of therapeutic dietetics and regimen as an independent discipline Indian Journal of History of Science, 50.3 (2015) 535-541 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2015/v50i4/48323


The treatment of LiCH(SiMe3)2 with ButCN followed by the addition of m- and p-cyanopyridines gave two tert-butyl- and pyridyl-substituted β-diketiminato lithium complexes [ Li ( L ¯ L ′ ) n ] [LL' = N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)C(m-Py)NSiMe3 (1) and LL' = = N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)C(p-Py)NSiMe3 (2)], and a one-dimensional polymeric chain could be observed in their crystal structures.


Firstly CAM-ICU confusion test and then NEECHAM confusion test were applied on each patient by the same person at the same hour of the day. Test application periods were recorded. Meanwhile, delirium screening tests were applied on these patients with DSM-IV criteria by a doctor from the department of psychiatry. In the calculation of incidence rates, patients who had a positive value once any test were considered as delirium.


After introducing basic concept of cement-soil mixing pile,reinforcing mechanism of cement is disserted systematically from hydrolysis and hydration, ion-exchange,solidification reaction,carbonation,and so on.Then basic features as well as advantages and disadvantages of the improved cement-soil are discussed.Based on concrete engineering example,advantages of soft-soil subgrade reinforced with cement-soil mixing piles are demonstrated: improving soil strength,enhancing subgrade bearing capacity,inhibiting side transmutation and reducing global settlements and differential settlements.As a result,it can well,satisfy engineering construction requirement.


The authors carried out a theoretical study of cylindrical roller bearing N208 friction by using the hydrodynamic lubrication theory (hereafter referred to as the HL theory) under rigid, isoviscous conditions on the contact part of the inner and outer ring rolling surface and the roller in regions where that bearing load was small. The results were as follows: (1) The contact load between roller and inner and outer rings increased as bearing load increased only at the contact point of the load curve position. In contrast, in response to increases in turning speed and atmospheric viscosity, contact load increased at contact parts of other than the load curve position. (2) The results of HL theory analysis were such that cylindrical roller bearing friction torque was proportional to bearing load by a power of about 0.2∼0.3, and to turning speed and atmospheric viscosity each by a power of about 0.7∼0.8. In the same manner, friction torque in this case was proportionate to bearing clearance by a power of about -0.3. (3) The roller rotation speed was about 0.19 times the speed obtained from pure rolling movement, which is largely consistent with results found by Dowson et al.


The fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of monomer, dimer and sandwich pair of 9-methylamhracene have been investigated on silica gel surface. A complex, consisting of dimer, chloroform and activated silica gel under 700℃ in vacuo, has been found. The complex has-its own characteristic excitation and emission spectra and is easily photolyzed under low temperature. When the photodecomposed species of the complex are gradually warmed to room temperature, they are almost completely reversible. Otherwise, the low-temperature photopro-duct of the dimer, the sandwich pair of 9-methylanthracene are completely converted to the monomer, 9-methylanthracene.


We present the effect of metal permittivity on transmission properties of double split-ring terahertz metamaterials. The measured LC resonance is enhanced with increasing imaginary permittivity of the constituent metals, showing consistence with numerical simulations.


This paper reports an investigation of a timetabled session in a self-access center with a General English program. Five classes were observed for three weeks to determine how the available time was actually used. Learners' opinions on the purpose and usefulness of the session were also sought. The most frequently observed activity overall was reading, but learner activities varied according to level of class. Although learners' opinions of the timetabled session seem favorable, questions are raised about the resourcing, lay-out and accessibility of the center and about the issues of learnertraining and teacher-training for self access. (Author) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** AN INVESTIGATION OF A TIMETABLED SELF-ACCESS SESSION IN A GENERAL ENGLISH PROGRAMME Sheena Davies, Eileen Dwyer, Anne Heiler, Kate Lawrence (IALS)


Recently, exploiting a knowledge graph (KG) to enrich the semantic representation of a news article have been proven to be effective for news recommendation. These solutions focus on the representation learning for news articles with additional information in the knowledge graph, where the user representations are mainly derived based on these news representations later. However, different users would hold different interests on the same news article. In other words, directly identifying the entities relevant to the user's interest and deriving the resultant user representation could enable a better news recommendation and explanation. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel knowledge pruning based recurrent graph convolutional network (named Kopra) for news recommendation. Instead of extracting relevant entities for a news article from KG, Kopra is devised to identify the relevant entities from both a user's clicked history and a KG to derive the user representation. We firstly form an initial entity graph (namely interest graph) with seed entities extracted from news titles and abstracts. Then, a joint knowledge pruning and recurrent graph convolution (RGC) mechanism is introduced to augment each seed entity with relevant entities from KG in a recurrent manner. That is, the entities in the neighborhood of each seed entity inside KG but irrelevant to the user's interest are pruned from the augmentation. With this pruning and graph convolution process in a recurrent manner, we can derive the user's both long- and short-term representations based on her click history within a long and short time period respectively. At last, we introduce a max-pooling predictor over the long- and short-term user representations and the seed entities in the candidate news to calculate the ranking score for recommendation. The experimental results over two real-world datasets in two different languages suggest that the proposed Kopra obtains significantly better performance than a series of state-of-the-art technical alternatives. Moreover, the entity graph generated by Kopra can facilitate recommendation explanation much easier.


Background: A fundamental goal of the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) "Roadmap" is to strengthen Translational Research, defined as the movement of discoveries in basic research to application at the clinical level. A significant barrier to translational research is the lack of uniformly structured data across related biomedical domains. The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web that enables navigation and meaningful use of digital resources by automatic processes. It is based on common formats that support aggregation and integration of data drawn from diverse sources. A variety of technologies have been built on this foundation that, together, support identifying, representing, and reasoning across a wide range of biomedical data. The Semantic Web Health Care and Life Sciences Interest Group (HCLSIG), set up within the framework of the World Wide Web Consortium, was launched to explore the application of these technologies in a variety of areas. Subgroups focus on making biomedical data available in RDF, working with biomedical ontologies, prototyping clinical decision support systems, working on drug safety and efficacy communication, and supporting disease researchers navigating and annotating the large amount of potentially relevant literature. Published: 9 May 2007 BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8(Suppl 3):S2 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-S3-S2 <supplement> <title>
Semantic E-Science in Biomedicine
 </title> <editor>Yimin Wang, Zhaohui Wu, Huajun Chen</editor> <note>Research</note> </supplement> This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/S3/S2 © 2007 Ruttenberg et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8(Suppl 3):S2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/S3/S2


Automated fundus image analysis plays an important role in the computer aided diagnosis of ophthalmologic disorders. Many important eye diseases as well as systemic diseases manifest themselves in the retina. The most prevalent causes of blindness in the industrialized world are age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Glaucoma is an eye disease which occurs due to the increased fluid pressure inside the eye. The pressure inside the normal eye is below 21mm of Hg. When the pressure inside the eye(s) increases more than 21mm of Hg, the optic nerve get damaged. This can permanently damage the vision in the effected eye(s) and can lead to blindness, if left untreated. The aim of this paper is to segment and locate the blood vessels, optic disc and optic cup for identifying glaucoma. The blood vessels are segmented by using prewitt edge detection. The optic disc and optic cup are segmented by using gradient algorithm. The features like shape, area and size of optic disc and optic cup are extracted and the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR) is calculated. To detect glaucoma, the CDR of normal person image and CDR of affected person image is calculated and compared. If the CDR of input person image exceeds the CDR of normal person image, then it is confirmed that the person is affected by glaucoma. Then the level of glaucoma is identified.


Giovanni Battista Benedetti's letters to Cipriano de Rore, published in 1585 after the latter's death, highlight the difficulty of using just intonation, strictly applied, in any repertoire of the ...


The Holy Quran and the Hadith give the principles of sustainable development, which have existed for centuries; it is not a new concept in Islamic society. But recently many social evils are arising, just because, we are neglecting these rules and principles in our daily life cycle at the level of civic society and government in the Islamic world. In the Islamic view, Allah created every supported thing in the award of human beings but give the rule of consumption without unnecessary distribution. In this research paper, data was collected through a structured interview method from 16 students. This data analysis with the tool of text analysis getting get could an image and explains in detail this collected data. And conclude some important barriers which create the hurdle in the way of establishing the concept of Islamic sustainable development.


Traditionally, the needs of vulnerable populations have been addressed by a plethora of public and private agencies that rely on donations of money, goods and services which they distribute based on their perception of what is needed and where. This approach, however, lacks a comprehensive understanding of the demand side as well as the ability to coordinate between various suppliers of goods and services, identify latent supply and predict future demand. To help address these issues, we have developed a knowledge-based platform that harnesses advances in several AI fields for efficient and effective provisioning of goods and services.


Although sometimes considered to be only marginally related to the key academic goals of establishing claims and reputations, acknowledgements are commonplace in scholarly communication and virtual...


This contribution deals with state observer design for a class of nonlinear coupled PDE that describe radiative-conductive heat transfer systems. This approach uses first a stable spatial discretization technique that is the Galerkin method to obtain a large scale but finite dimensional system in a suitable form. Thanks to the special structure of the obtained state system, the second main result is to show through the differential mean value theorem (DMVT) that there always exists an observer gain matrix that assures asymptotic convergence. On the other hand, in order to avoid high computational requirements, we show how to construct the observer gain matrix so that the stability condition, written in terms of linear matrix inequality, is satisfied. Extension to H∞ performance analysis is also proposed. In order to show high accuracy of the proposed technique, a numerical example is provided.


Put the lixivium of ganderma licudum that grown on the media with 150mg/L Na2SeO3 into the dry noodles,the result shows that the dry noodles are delicious and nutritious,and could give us the nutritious and curative effect at the same time.


This paper presents a simple method for improving the security and reliability of Harmonic Blocking Algorithms (HBAs) in differential protection of power transformers. In the proposed method, instead of using conventional Current Transformer (CT), Rogowski Coil Sensor (RCS) is utilized for sensing the transformer currents. Based on a theoretic analysis, it is shown that the use of RCS increases the margin between the second harmonic ratio levels of the energization and fault conditions, thereby increasing the HBAs security. Besides, the use of RCS has the additional advantage of eliminating the problem of CT saturation, which might cause malfunction of the differential relay. The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated by evaluating extensive test cases in different operating conditions, which are recorded by digital simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves the security of HBAs by about 6.8%.


In recent times, computer vision related face image analysis has gained
 significant attention in various applications namely biometrics,
 surveillance, security, data retrieval, informatics, etc. The main objective
 of the facial analysis is to extract facial soft biometrics like
 expression, identity, age, ethnicity, gender, etc. Of these, ethnicity
 recognition is considered a hot search topic, a major part of community with
 deep connections to many social and ecological concerns. The deep learning
 and machine learning methods is merit for effective ethnicity
 classification and recognition. This study develops a facial imaging based
 ethnicity recognition using equilibrium optimizer with machine learning
 (FIER-EOML) model. The goal of the FIER-EOML technique is to detect and
 classify different kinds of ethnicities on facial images. To accomplish
 this, the presented FIER-EOML technique applies an EfficientNet model to
 generate a set of feature vectors. For ethnicity recognition, the presented
 model uses long short-term memory method. To improve the recognition
 performance, the FIER-EOML technique utilizes EO algorithm for
 hyperparameter tuning process. The performance validation of the FIER-EOML
 technique is tested on BUPT-GLOBALFACE dataset and the results are examined
 under several measures. The comprehensive comparison study reported the
 enhanced performance of the FIER-EOML technique over other recent
 approaches.


The blockchain technology is transforming industry standards in many fields. Business model innovation becomes a crucial task for settled industry players in the industries affected. Among others, the international payments market recognizes the potential application opportunities of blockchain. What business model implications do players like traditional banks face when adopting blockchain technology for cross-border payment processing? Scholarly work is yet to be conducted on a larger scale to figure out those implications in specific settings of application. This paper compares the Rabobank and fintech start-up Ripple in order to filter out implications to the business model of traditional banks integrating blockchain technology to process international payments. Ripple represents a value proposition offering a 'blockchain-as-a-service' solution, RippleNet, to which traditional banks can simply plug in. Therefore, channeling Ripple's value proposition almost straight to traditional banks to offer faster, less costly, and more reliable cross-border payments using blockchain technology. Further, major implication to the business model of traditional banks are identified in the Key Activities which become fully automated through blockchain based processing. A case study by Chesbrough & Rosenbloom (2002) suggests startups to be more likely to successfully identify and apply alternative business models which capture the value of disruptive technologies in a more sophisticated way. This is assumed to match the causal context of both cases presented. Furthermore, experts interviewed agree on a timescale of at least five years until blockchain based payment systems are realized.


In this work, by-products from sugar beet plant after sugar extraction process were anaerobically co-digested with two different livestock manure in semi-continuous reactors. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of each manure as co-substrates, (pig manure and cow manure), on the volatile fatty acid mitigation. Similarly, the anaerobic process performance in terms of methane improvement and process stability was analyzed. In this context, different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and organic loading rates (OLR) were studied. The results demonstrated that both manures led to higher methane productions in comparison with individual digestion of sugar beet by-products. However, the beneficial effect of co-digestion was much more pronounced by the use of pig manure than for cow manure addition. Besides, higher OLR of 12.8 gVS/Lr*d (6 days-HRT) was achievable in co-digestion with PM, while OLR of 4.9 gVS/Lr*d (15 days-HRT) was feasible in co-digestion with CM. Only the OLR of 3.3 gVS/Lr*d corresponding to the HRT of 20 days was appropriate in the single digestion of SBB. In the second part of this study, the degree of biomethanation in semi-continuous assays was evaluated with respect of the maximum methane potential obtained in a previous batch study for similar mixtures of substrates. In most reactors, above 50% of methanation has been reached, indicating stable system operation at the corresponding conditions. It was deduced that critical operation conditions in all semi-continuous reactors has been related to acetoclastic methanogens inhibition.


The determination of the vapor-pressure curve of a pure liquid by the Ramsay and Young method is applicable, with some modification, to the sublimation curve of an appreciably volatile solid.


The aim of this article is to present a theoretical reflection directed to analyze technological management of knowledge as a modern tool for administration of educational organizations. It was framed as a descriptive theoretical reflection. It was used bibliographic observation through the signing as technique. Among reflections, it was found that the strategies used, although not very stable, were: use of collaborative spaces, systems of information retrieval, management, and use of experts, as well as knowledge-based systems. However, document management techniques were scarce. Finally, as recommendation, developing dynamic activities between groups of teachers is proposed, in this way, the knowledge of emotions that leads to greater optimism and motivation can be consolidated.


The Effect of Hydroxyapatite (Endobon) Particles on Implant Osseointegration in Osteoporotic Trabecular Bone Melanie M. Pucher1, Andrea E. Tami1, Thomas L. Mueller2, Gerrit H. van Lenthe2, Ralph Mueller2, Pierre M. Montavon3, Keita Ito1 1AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland; 2Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland


This case study describes the wound care of Mrs A, a female patient whose above the knee amputation wound dehisced after surgery. The management of this wound was complex and challenging and required that many members of the multidisciplinary team to work together to achieve a satisfactory outcome.


Magnetic keeps the technical field of parallel stepping rotary oscillation telescopic joint, belong to machine-building. Based Intelligent Control. Robotics. Automated condtrol. electromagnetic technology field, technology to the effect that magnetic is kept parallel stepping plane of oscillation. magnetic keeps parallel stepping rotating disk. magnetic keeps parallel step actuator to combine, form the mechanical joint that an energy swing rotary is flexible, magnetic keeps parallel stepping rotating disk. and magnetic keeps parallel stepping plane of oscillation. and magnetic keeps the driver element of parallel step actuator to be all have unit magnetic to keep driver to form, so energy executed in parallel, only need the time of a pulse just can rotate to the angle that will arrive, plane of oscillation swings to direction and the angle of needs simultaneously, simultaneous retractable is to the length needed.


Due to the characteristics of the ultra-low permeability, facture system becomes the key to the deployment of shale gas, and the following stress sensitivity damage will restrict the engineering effect. The essay takes the Niutitang group of black shale as the research object, which carried out for natural fracture rock sample and artificial fracture rock sample study of stress sensitivity evaluation in order to compare differences between them. The experimental results show that the natural fracture rock sample is medium to strong stress sensitivity, while the artificial fracture rock sample is from strong to the extreme strong stress sensitivity. Natural fracture is more flattening than the artificial fracture formation because of leaching action. The processed SEM image can reflect structure information on the two-dimensional surface. Its surface structure conforms to the fractal structure characteristics. Whats more, fracture it can also reflect the three-dimensional information of the fracture surface through grey value, which provides a new imaging method for the research of surface microstructure for fracture.


This paper analyzes Web Service's architecture tech and relational IT protocol,its architecture style is Service-Oriented Architecture,analyzes its peculiarity and advantage to process magnanimity net data sharing.And using WebGIS and Web Service tech establishes Guangxi Surveying and Mapping Product Announcement System.The establishment of the system could accelerate surveying and mapping achievement sharing and utilization,and lower the data production and distribution cost.


BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is lacking effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we conducted TGF-β1-based CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy for RILI.

OBJECTIVES
Mouse lungs were irradiated with a single-dose of 20-Gy gamma rays followed by intravenous administration of Ad-CRISPR-TGF-β1 or Ad- CRISPR-Null.

METHODS
Haematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as Masson staining were performed to observe lung morphology. Albumin and IgM concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA and/or real-time PCR with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick-end labelling.

RESULTS
Ad-CRISPR-TGFβ1 improved histopathological and biochemical markers of lung injury, reduced secretion and expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited progression of fibrosis. Importantly, the SK1/S1P axis-which is known to play a key role via S1P1 in TGF-β1-dependent S1PR pattern remodelling-is responsible for promoting fibrosis.

CONCLUSION
Our results indicate novel insights for RILI therapy.


In many components of WDM optical communication systems, the incoming multi-wavelength signal is first demultiplexed, then processed on a per wavelength basis and, optionally, multiplexed back into a multi-wavelength output signal. The search for compact and cost-efficient solutions enabling such a functionality has led to the development of monolithically integrated planar components, in which multiplexer / demultiplexer is a waveguide spectrograph having active devices integrated within its input / output passive waveguides for controlling the optical signals propagated therein. The material of choice most commonly used is InP and related semiconductor compounds allowing the designs of both the active and passive waveguides for operation in a spectral range of interest for WDM systems. Although InP-based waveguide spectrographs, e.g. those using waveguide array gratings [1] or waveguide echelle gratings [2], have been around for quite a while, practical realization of those components is limited due to absence of a simple and efficient method for integrating the active and passive waveguides. In this paper, a new approach [3], labeled as a single-mode vertical integration (SMVI), is reported, which can be used for detecting or attenuating or amplifying the WDM optical signals and is believed to be both simple and efficient.


The author offers readers of the "Academy of Management Review" journal the top ten reasons why their papers might not be sent out for review. Reasons include reviewing literature and introductions rather than offering distinctive contributions and analysis, papers geared towards practitioners, which isn't the primary audience of the journal, papers that lack organizational relevance and are targeted at another discipline, and replicas of already published works. Additional reasons include uninvited resubmissions, empirical research, guideline violations, and no theory.


The relative importance of ducted energy under shallow water isogradient propagation conditions has been estimated using an extension of a shallow water propagation model developed by P.W. Smith Jr. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 332–335 (1971)]. The ratio, Ed/Et of the ducted energy to the total energy is theoretically predicted for given environmental conditions. The study shows that for moderately large (greater than 50) range to depth ratios and nominal positive gradients (0.01 to 0.1 sec−1) the surface ducted energy is the dominant feature of shallow water transmission loss. In positive gradient conditions Ed/Et is found to be insensitive to bottom‐loss estimation errors. For a wide variety of environmental conditions it is demonstrated that transmission loss for purely ducted propagation does not differ significantly from total transmission loss. The study provides theoretical confirmation of previous heuristic results.


Abstract Many geotechnical problems involve pavements in Algerian arid regions; the main among them being related to the scarcity of standard materials. Recently, numerous studies were carried out on the valorization of Saharan local materials for pavement design. In this context, dune sand, tuff and quarry waste are promising alternatives. In this study, the design of experiments was used to optimize formulations to meet the current unconfined compressive strength (UCS) recommendations according to grading distribution. For the studied local material, the use of UCS criterion extended the valid domain of formulations to poorly graded materials where the amount of dune sand could reach 54.5%. An optimal formulation was proposed and tested, composed of 46% dune sand, 36% tuff, 11% quarry waste and 7% water, fulfilling all current recommendations related to the pavement design in the Sahara region. Finally, the results show that the design of experiments can be a useful tool to optimize mixture formulations and valorize local materials such as dune sand.


Most of the existing road detection methods are either single-modal based, e.g., based on LiDAR or camera, or multi-modal based with LiDAR-camera fusion. The algorithms are designed for a specific data type, and cannot cope with input data changes. In addition, the LiDAR-camera based methods can only work in day time with enough light. In this paper, we develop a novel LiDAR-camera fusion strategy, which combines the LiDAR point clouds and the camera images in a cascaded way. The proposed network has two working modes, the single-modal mode with LiDAR point clouds only and the multimodal mode with both LiDAR and camera data, so it can be used in all day scenes. The whole network consists of three parts: 1) LiDAR segmentation module, which segments road points in the LiDAR's imagery view. 2) Sparse-to-dense module, which upsamples the sparse LiDAR feature maps to dense road detection results. 3) LiDAR-camera fusion module, which fuses the dense LiDAR feature maps with the dense camera images to obtain accurate road estimations. Experiments on the KITTI-Road dataset show that the proposed cascaded LiDAR-camera fusion network can obtain very competitive road detection performance, with a MaxF value of 96.38%, and achieve the state-of-the-art in the single-modal mode among all LiDAR-only methods.


The paper attempts to explore and compare a number of key developments in monetary management in selected advanced economies with Thailand. It starts off with (i) a simple model of central banking, followed by (ii) a brief history of developments in monetary policy implementation, both in terms of market structural changes and central banks' reactions to them. It then provides (iii) the literature review of monetary transmission mechanisms in the context of micro-macro links of monetary operations, leading up to the question of (iv) whether Thailand's open market operation mechanisms have been effective. Finally, utilising both the international experiences as well as a recent report by an IMF mission, the paper attempts to draw some practical solutions on ways to develop and prepare the system for the future.


In New Zealand's agricultural soils, phosphate fertiliser applications are the main source of cadmium (Cd). In 1997, the NZ fertiliser industry discontinued sourcing rock phosphate from Nauru (about 450 mg Cd/ Kg P) and began producing superphosphate from other rock phosphate sources (such as Morocco), which have generally lower concentrations of Cd. Research on the concentration of Cd in soils from the long-term irrigation trials at the Winchmore research farm (Canterbury) indicates that Cd accumulation rates have started to slow in the period since 1997 (Fig. 1) (McDowell 2012).


Non ulcer dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal problem, the etiopathogenesis of which is not well established.  This study was planned to see the effect of environmental factors like smoking, tea, alcohol, and NSAIDs consumption with non-ulcer dyspepsia. This study was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology, Medicine and Radiology of I.G. Medical College, Shimla, India. Three hundred patients of non-ulcer dyspepsia were included in the study.  Each case was matched with community control of same age and sex. A detailed history of smoking, tea, alcohol, and NSAIDs consumption was taken from the patients and controls. Consumption of tea as an environmental factor was found to be statistically significant in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients as compared to controls using multivariate regression. In the present study, environmental factors like smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs consumption did not show positive co-relation with non-ulcer dyspepsia. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 50-4) Keywords : smoking, alcohol, tea, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)


Two important issues associated with load sharing (LS) in hypercube multicomputers are discussed and analysed: (i) ordering fault-free nodes as preferred receivers of overflow tasks and (ii) developing an LS mechanism to handle node failures. The authors previously (1989) proposed to order the nodes in each node's proximity into its preferred list of receivers for the purpose of LS in distributed real-time systems. However, the occurrence of node failures will destroy the original structure of a preferred list if the failed nodes are simply dropped from the list. Three algorithms are proposed to modify the preferred list to retain its original features. Based on the modified preferred lists, node failures can be tolerated by equipping each node with a backup queue which stores and updates the arriving/completing tasks at its most preferred node. Simulation results show that this approach, despite its simplicity, can greatly reduce the number of task losses compared to approaches that do not use backup queues.<<ETX>>


Brand equity building is a key determinant of competitive success for Internet firms; however, research focusing on this issue has been scant. Therefore, this study examines the process of online retailer brand equity formation by proposing a conceptual model based on the effects of brand beliefs and brand love on brand equity. The empirical tests involve structural equation modeling and primary data taken from a survey of 454 customers of an online bookstore. The results demonstrate that a web site's content, aesthetic appeal, and navigation convenience are important antecedents of brand love, which leads to the formation of online brand equity. The results from this study offer insight into branding strategies online retailers must consider for building unique brand images, while maintaining or enhancing customer brand belief.


Health care for people with dementia (PWD) has been characterized as inconsistent in quality and fraught with potentially preventable encounters to hospitals (Petty et al., 2019; Phelan et al., 2012). Person‐centered care (PCC) is the preferred model of dementia care because it improves the quality of care and quality of life, yet acute hospital settings struggle to provide care that values personhood (Clissett et al., 2013).


Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect of CD4+CD25+CCR6+ regulatory T cells(CCR6+ Tregs) against CD8+T cells in vivo,and to investigate its relationship with tumor immune escape.Methods:Mouse mammary carcinoma models were established by inoculating mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells into nude mice.CCR6+ Tregs were isolated by FACS,and the Foxp3 expression on CCR6+ Tregs was further analyzed by FACS.4T1 specific CD8+T cells were labeled with CFSE after isolation by FACS,and then transferred into 4T1 bearing nude mice combined with or without CCR6+ Tregs or CD4+CD25+CCR6-regulatory T cells(CCR6-Tregs).Tumor growth and survival of 4T1 bearing mice were observed.The proliferation,IFN-γ production,and granzyme B expression of CD8+T cells were examined by FACS.Results:Both CCR6+ Tregs and CCR6-Tregs expressed high levels of Foxp3.The tumors in CCR6+ Tregs and CD8+T cells co-transferred mice grew faster than those in CCR6-Tregs co-transferred and CD8+T cell-transferred groups.The survival period of 4T1 bearing mice was significantly decreased in CCR6+ Tregs co-transferred group(P0.05).Furthermore,the proliferation,IFN-γ production and granzyme B expression of CD8+ T cells were also dramatically decreased in CCR6+ Tregs co-transferred group compared with those in CCR6-Tregs co-transferred and CD8+ T cell-transferred groups(P0.05).Conclusion:CCR6+ Tregs can effectively inhibit the function of CD8+ T cells,which might play an important role in tumor immune escape,tumor development and progress.


Morphological evolution associated with silicidation of Co thin films deposited on (100) and (111) Si substrates has been followed using transmission electron microscopy with in situ thermal annealing from ambient temperature up to 850°C. Noticeable structural changes associated with the formation of CoSi2 occur at temperatures as low as 400°C and the reaction is essentially complete at about 500°C. Prolonged heating above 500°C leads to CoSi2 grain growth and coalescence and, finally, to pinholes formation. Silicidation of Co films on (100) and (111) Si substrates follows the same pattern. The morphology of films annealed in situ is similar to those annealed ex situ except that the Si/CoSi2 interface appears to be much rougher. This behavior is associated with the specific geometry of cross-sectional TEM specimens, where surface diffusion dominates bulk diffusion. Very thin Co films, which have less contribution from surface diffusion than thicker films, are ideal for studying dynamic phenomena at Co/Si reactive interfaces.


Objective To evaluate the effect of left piriform recess-gastric (or colon) anastomosis after partial hypopharyngeal and total esophagectomy without thoracotomy in cervical esophageal carcinoma. Methods From Nov 1987 to May 2001, sixteen patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma were treated with left piriform recess and gastric anastomosis in 12, and colon anastomosis in 4, cleaning left cervical lympha node in 12, and bilateral in 4. Results Mild reflux, necrosis of stomach wall and leakage of stoma in 1 case each, no injury of recurrent nerve and no death occurred in the hospital. Three-year survival rate was 42.9% (6/14). Conclusion Left piriform recess and gastric (or colon) anastomosis after partial hypopharyngeal and total esophagectomy without thoractomy is an effective treatment in cervical esophageal carcinoma.


Based on the requirements of opportunities and challenges in the era of big data, this paper puts forward the great significance of the information ability retraining of young teachers in military academies in the era of big data. According to the positioning and characteristics of young teachers in military academies, it is necessary to strengthen personal awareness, improve the certification and incentive system of information ability retraining, innovate the practical teaching mode, build the software and hardware environment of information ability training, and establish several full-time organizations for the continuous development of teaching assistants' ability and other aspects to provide the strategies for the retraining of young teachers' information ability, which can provide useful reference for the construction of teaching staff in military academies and the training of high-quality new


THE ROLE OF GEOCHEMISTRY IN SEARCH FOR MINERAL AND ENERGY RAW MATERIALS

Summary
Geochemical methods in searching ore beds, if properly used, may bring significant scientific and economic benefits.
Geochemical documentation based on accurate chemical analyses, selective genetic indices and paragenetic correlations, may be a reliable source of diagnostic informations as to the formation processes of ore beds. The speculation as to the way the bed had been formed thus becomes a mathematical problem, possible to be resolved by means of a computer.


P125 TITLE DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE WEST SPITSBERGEN MARGIN FROM DEEP SEISMIC INVESTIGATION SUMMARY 1 Spitsbergen and its continental margin is located in the NW corner of the Eurasian Plate in a key area for the reconstruction of geological history in the North Atlantic and Artic regions. According to the modern interpretation Spitsbergen was assembled during Caledonian orogeny from four different terranes with own pre-Caledonian history. They are separated by N-S faults and a Devonian Graben and overlain by Carboniferous to Tertiary platform sediments. The Tertiary fault fold-and-trust belt as results of Atlantic opening occurs around western margin of archipelago.


Limestone areas are sedimentary rock outcrops consisting of calcium carbonate created several hundreds of millions of years ago by calcium-secreting marine organisms and subsequently lifted above sea level by tectonic movement. Limestone areas support very high levels of endemic species of plants and are recognized as biodiversity areas with much biological information. The purpose of this study is to devise a strategy for the comprehensive conservation of the vegetation of limestone areas through analyses of the floristics and plant species compositions in ten limestone areas on the Korean Peninsula. The results of 153 field surveys from April of 2010 to October of 2016 identified 1,202 taxa in total, representing 1,096 species, 18 subspecies, 84 varieties, 2 forms, and 2 hybrids in 530 genera and 133 families. Among them, 55 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, and 38 taxa were red data plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 27 taxa of grade V and 75 taxa of grade IV. In all, 121 alien plants were recorded in the investigated area. Calciphilous plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 14 taxa of calciphilous indicator plants, 30 taxa of superlative most calciphilous plants, and 58 taxa of comparative more calciphilous plants. A cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity between sites that are geographically adjacent with similar habitat environments. Limestone areas also supported groups distinct from those in non-limestone areas, demonstrating the specificity of limestone flora. Plant geography approaches therefore appear to be crucial to gain a better understanding of the level of biodiversity in limestone areas, not only at the interspecific but also at the intraspecific level. These results highlight the importance of protecting limestone habitats to preserve not only their interspecific but also the intraspecific diversity, which is highly threatened.


The reaction of 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradeca-2,9-diyne (7) with C5H4(CO2Me)Co(CO)2 (8) and C5H4(SiMe3)Co(CO)2 (10) led to the tricyclic cyclopentadienone complexes 9 and 11. In both species the CO was inserted into a former triple bond. This observation led to the preparation of the tetrathiaalkyl- and tetrathiaaryl-substituted C5H4(CO2Me)Co-capped cyclobutadiene complexes 23 and 27−30. When these compounds were heated under a pressurized CO atmosphere at 170 °C, the corresponding cyclopentadienone complexes 9, 15, and 31−33 were formed. Model calculations at the B3LYP level of theory on tetrasubstituted (R = CH3, SH, (CH2)3, S−CH2−S) CpCo-capped cyclobutadiene complexes showed that the substitution, especially by SH and S−CH2−S, considerably lowered the energy of the assumed intermediate metallacycles 35 and 36, which opens the possibility of reaction.


Rational choice theory is contrasted with the paradigm of program-based behavior suggested by biologist Ernst Mayr. This alternative behavioral paradigm, it is argued, captures much of what makes rational choice explanations intuitively appealing; it avoids, however, many of the criticisms that have been persistently raised against rational choice theory, and it has the advantage of being more in accord with theoretical approaches that are well established in other behavioral sciences. The paradigm of program-based behavior is compared, in particular, with Herbert A. Simon's concept of `bounded rationality' and to the research paradigms of evolutionary epistemology and evolutionary psychology.


A few remarks on Speech Act Theory are maken, its implications in FL teaching and learning in general, in upgrading our concept of language, and in communication, students' communicative competence in particular, are probed into, and insights for developing such competence in classroom practice provided


Introduction Launched in 2001, the Liberating Voices pattern language project focuses on the development and use of a pattern language that helps empower people to use and shape information and communication environments in ways that will help them address complex social and environmental problems. We specifically focus on what have been called "wicked problems" and are characterized by a complex interplay of problems and conflicting needs. The first phase of the project culminated in the publication of a book (Schuler, 2008) and a web site (http://www.publicsphereproject.org/patterns/). The published pattern language consisting of 136 extremely diverse patterns was developed over 7 years, the result of an international collaboration of 85 authors.


In this project we have produced co-registered datasets of laser scanner and ENVISAT ASAR AP data. A comparison of ENVISAT ASAR Alternate Polarization (AP) mode (HH+VV) backscatter coefficient values and polarization ratios with ice freeboard height measured with the KMS laser scanner is made. The CRYOVEX-2003 dataset of 11 April 2003 was used here. The laser scanner data and the ASAR AP data were collected with a time difference of less than 1 hour. The dataset contains many wide and clear thin ice areas between large multi-year ice floes. The main result of the comparison is that a rough relation between the ASAR signal and the laser freeboard measurements is found.


Modelling hydrological systems is dominated by an Eulerian representation of storages and their transitions. At certain scales and under preferential structures, this successful simplification proves insufficient for a physical description of the subsurface flow processes. We propose a Lagrangian representation of infiltration and percolation, where water itself is regarded as particles. The first results show, that the concept is suitable to reproduce dispersive (matrix) and advective (preferential) flow based on a random walk and observed advective velocity distributions from dye tracer experiments. We present the underlying theory of our model, a comparison to results of other models and a comparison to observed travel distance distributions. The Lagrangian representation opens up an alternative to double domain and Richards-based representations of structured soils. Moreover, it has low conceptual assumptions, is physically consistent and implicitly mass conservative. It is a generally scaleable approach compatible with residence time assessments. Solutes and heat can be further simply attached to the particles, which makes the approach promising for model testing with joint soil moisture, temperature and solute concentration measurements.


This purpose of this chapter is to put to rest the notion that Jerome contributed in any positive way to the preservation or dissemination of 4Ezra in the western Church. It shows that Jerome expressed nothing but contempt for 4Ezra , a feeling which is explicable within the context of his views on the canon of the Old Testament and also his ambivalence toward Judaism and especially Jewish eschatology. No single factor explains 4Ezra 's eventual appearance, supplemented by Christian additions referred to as 5 and 6 Ezra , in several Vulgate manuscripts of the ninth to thirteenth centuries, mostly emanating from Spain and France. The chapter argues that one of the factors contributing to the preservation of 4Ezra in the Vulgate was the high esteem in which Ambrose of Milan held it, which counterbalanced the disdain of his fellow Church Father, Jerome, for the book. Keywords: Ambrose of Milan; Jerome; Jewish eschatology; Judaism; Old Testament; preservation of 4Ezra ; Vulgate manuscripts


Outsourcing design and engineering tasks in product development is increasingly popular. However, firms that outsource design and engineering tasks often experience problems. So far, no satisfactory answer exists regarding the question to what extent design and engineering tasks can be outsourced before negative consequences occur. We address this gap. This paper identifies the limits of design and engineering outsourcing in product development, and the sources of these limits. To do so, it investigates the organizational challenges that a major European automotive manufacturer faced when it decided to adopt an extreme form of design and engineering outsourcing. Based on an in-depth case study, we identify the sources of problems with outsourcing design and engineering tasks in product development, and shed light on the limits of design and engineering outsourcing in product development.


Surface exploration was carried out in the Theistareykir high-temperature geothermal area, NE-Iceland in 1972-1974 and 1981-1984, and the area monitored intermittently from 1991-2000. The results of surface exploration suggested that the temperature of the fluid was at least 280°C and that it was drawn from a single reservoir with good permeability. The recharge is from the southeast, and the origin of the fluid probably far to the south. The fluid may be 100 years old or more. The geothermal area has been divided into five sub-areas, three of which are expected to be productive. Wells have been drilled in all and the results of drilling do not contradict the results of the surface exploration. A conceptual model based on all the results has been established and a volumetric assessment of the geothermal suggests that the most likely value for production potential over 30 years is 348 MWe.


Municipalities and city administrations have the jurisdiction to determine the use of land and real estate, but must collaborate with various actors, including real estate developers, construction companies, and financial institutions, to realize stated goals. When implementing initiatives such as urban renewal projects, plans and situated actions may be loosely coupled during the early stages, when visions of the future are being articulated; over time, however, the information needed to calculate whether illiquid assets are attractive investment objects must be introduced. As such information is generated, the gap between plans and situated actions closes, having material effects under favourable conditions. This article presents an empirical study of an urban renewal project in a metropolitan area that initially gained external recognition via a prize awarded for visionary planning work. The project eventually encountered considerable difficulties, as a shortage of accurate information hampered production activities. The study underlines the importance of robust governance practices and accompanying governance devices in effectively transforming illiquid assets into, for example, housing.


We present the results of hydromechanical changes across and along the evolving rupture surface of carbonate rocks during direct shear experiments. Direct shear experiments were performed on a laminated travertine of continental, microbial origin with calcite content of 99 wt%, chosen as a lithological analogue for Aptian presalt oil reservoir rocks found in South Atlantic presalt basins. Medical X-ray CT images show that the porosity (~9–13%) is mainly composed of subplanar pores and vugs. Permeability is high along the laminations (~50–200 mD), controlled by interconnected pores and fractures, and extremely low across the laminations (≪1 mD). Six intact samples of travertine were sheared across the bedding direction to short displacement (20 mm), and a further three samples were sheared to a much longer displacement (120 mm). A constant effective vertical stresses of either 35, 40 or 45 MPa was applied throughout the tests. Fluid flow response across and along the fault zone was monitored continuously during both shear deformation (dynamic transmissibility) and hold periods (static transmissibility), while keeping a constant pore pressure throughout the measurement. While the samples show some microstructural variability, the set of samples sheared to 20-mm displacement followed the same early kinematics and show very similar mechanical response to that seen in the same period of the samples where shear was continued on to 120-mm displacement. After 20-mm displacement, the microstructures are dominated by fractures in a zone 10–20 mm wide resembling a typical fault damage zone, with only thin and patchy development of gouge on the principal displacement plane. In all of the samples sheared to a high displacement of 120 mm, a continuous layer of gouge (6.2–13 mm thick) was formed, defining a distinct core of the shear zone. The dynamic transmissibility across the fault decreases progressively in all the sheared samples regardless of the applied effective stress. In general, the volume decreases as well, though at a tapering rate, throughout shear. A small vertical dilation occurred near the peak strength for travertine sheared under 35 MPa vertical stress, but this was not accompanied by an increase in transmissibility. From the results, we conclude that once the gouge material is developed in the core of the fault zone, the dynamic transmissibility across the fault is permanently decreased.


Corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) infestation is attaining greater significance in sweet sorghum in view of its direct damage to quality and quantity of plant biomass and indirectly as a vector of several viral diseases. Eight sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated for their reaction to planthopper infestation. Significantly low population colonization of adults and nymphs was recorded on all genotypes tested except SSV 84 and NSS 208 at 30 and 45 days. Observations recorded at 75 days showed significantly less plant damage on RSSV 09 and NSS 04, while it was high in SSV 84, BJ 248, NSS 208 and Wray. Comparison of biochemical constituents of juice estimated from infested and uninfested genotypes prior to harvest revealed that there was significant reduction of brix, sucrose and total sugars in NSS 208 and SSV 84. The corn planthopper damage expressed induction of chemical constituents in certain sweet sorghum genotypes such as NSS 04, NSS 208, and BJ 248 for reducing sugars; RSSV 09 and Madhura for total sugars and RSSV 09 for sucrose. The genotype RSSV 09 was found stable for sugar content despite being infested by the corn planthopper. The possible mechanisms of host plant resistance for population colonization were discussed.


In the late nineteen thirties Arnold Mallis of the University of California sent me, for determination, a new species of Leptothorasc which he and Jack Schwartz had collected a t Devil's Gate Dam, Pasadena, California. Later the same ant was received for determination from Mrs. Wilda S. Ross of Santa Barbara, California, who had been given specimens of it by C. H. Muller. Dr. Muller's specimens were found nesting in an oak gall in the Figueroa Mountains of Santa Barbara County, California. Although recorded from a small number of California localities only, it is probable that the mew ant has a much wider distribution, occurring wherever the canyon live oak is found or perhaps even beyond. Because of the commonness of this new species on canyon live oaks and its association with galls on these trees from near San Francisco to Los Angeles County, it seems desirable to describe the form.