In this paper we provide an explicit description of normal almost contact structures obtained from Cartan-Ehresmann connections (gauge fields) on principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. The main feature of our approach is to employ elements of representation theory of complex simple Lie algebras in order to describe and classify these structures. We use these normal almost contact structures to explicitly describe a huge class of compact Hermitian non-K\"{a}hler manifolds obtained from products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over complex flag manifolds. Moreover, we obtain from our description several concrete examples of 1-parametric families of complex structures on products of principal $S^{1}$-bundles over flag manifolds, these concrete examples generalize the Calabi-Eckmann manifolds. Further, as an application of our main results in the setting of KT structures on toric bundles over flag manifolds, we classify a huge class of explicit examples of Calabi-Yau structures with torsion (CYT) on certain Vaisman manifolds (generalized Hopf manifolds). Also as an application of our main results, we provide several new concrete examples of astheno-K\"{a}hler structures on products of compact homogeneous Sasaki manifolds.


Sex studies form an important part of fishery biological investigations and
as such easy methods of distinguishing the sexes of commercially important
fishes will lighten the work of determining their sex. Well-known
examples of conspicuous secondary sexual characters are found in some
of the cyprinids and cyprinodonts (Norman, 1957) and such characters help
us to distinguish the sexes of those fishes easily. In many teleosts the genital
and urinary pores open on a more or less prominent papilla. Among the
clupeoids, O'Connell (1955) makes mention of a median muscular ridge
in Sardinops ccerulea, extending from the rectal portion of the intestine
and bearing the genital and urinary pores. He terms this ridge, as urogenital
papilla. There is no indication of the sex of the fish in which such a
papilla has been observed. Determination of the sex in clupeoid fishes have
almost always been done by dissection and examination of the gonads.
But, while studying the sex composition and maturity of the oil-sardine,
Sardinella longiceps, the presence of a muscular papilla bearing the genital
and urinary pores has been observed in the male and a membranous one in
the female. On the basis of those characters the fish can be sorted out into
the two sexes without actual dissection.


We study with ARWEN code a target design for ICF based on jet production. ARWEN is 2D Adaptive Mesh Refinement fluid dynamic and multigroup radiation transport. We are designing, by using also ARWEN, a target for laboratory simulation of astrophysical phenomena. We feature an experimental device to reproduce collisions of two shock waves, scaled to roughly represent cosmic supernova remnants. ANALOP code uses parametric potentials fitting to self-consistent potentials, it includes temperature and density effects by linearized Debye-Huckel and it treats excited configurations and H+He-like lines. Other is an average SHM using the parametric potentials above described. H-like emissivities and opacities have been simulated, using both, for Al and F plasmas with density 1023 cm-3 and temperatures higher than 200 eV. Advanced fusion cycles, as the aneutronic proton-boron 11 reaction, require very high ignition temperatures. Plasma conditions for a fusion-burning wave to propagate at such temperatures are rather extreme and complex, because of the overlapping effects of the main energy transport mechanisms. Calculations on the most appropriate ICF regimes for this purpose are presented. A new Monte Carlo procedure estimates effect of activation cross section uncertainties in the accuracy of inventory calculations, based on simultaneous random sampling of all the cross sections; it is implemented in activation code ACAB. We apply, with LLNL, to NIF gunite chamber shielding with reference pulsing operation. Preliminary results show that the 95 percentile of the distribution of the relative error of the contact dose rate can take values up to 1.2. Model is promising for uncertainty analysis of pulsed activation in IFE PP by using a continuous-pulsed model. Neutron intensities versus time after target emission are presented for IFE protections: LiPb/Flibe, including spectral effects. HT evaluation indicates that 90-98% of the total dose comes from ingestion of agriculture and meat, and the rest from inhalation by re-emission. A multiscale modeling (MM) study of pulse irradiation in Fe is presented up to microscopy; we give differences with continuous irradiation. Experimental validation of MM, using Fe+ in Fe, is being performed under VENUS II Spanish project with CIEMAT. Multiscale Modeling of SiC is reported; new defects energetic emerge using a new tight-binding molecular dynamics which has been proved in basic crystal parameters.


We describe several value-by-area cartogram animation algorithms that can be used to visualize geographically distributed continuous spatiotemporal data that often occur in GIS systems. We implemented the algorithms as part of the graphical user interface of the MLPQ/GIS database system.


The interest in economics and efficiency of IT investment is growing as the amount of overall governmental IT investment steadily increase. Accordingly, there is a strong need to determine whether the expenditure incurs effectively for IT investment and to accurately analyze the economics of IT investment, In this perspective, this study discusses the prior researches on concepts regarding the analysis of IT investment management framework as proposed from academic and professional perspectives in advanced countries' government sectors. Thereafter, an adoption of IT investment management (ITIM) framework has been considered so as to enhance the performance of ICT initiative projects in the public sector. In the suggested IT investment management framework, we suggest economics and efficiency of public IT investment should be improved by integrating ICT project selection and control as well as evaluation stage into single governance framework.


This paper describes an approach to exploit hypothetical landmarks, based on uncertain, suppositions about objects for feature detection, localization, exploration and object-recognition. Information gained from sensors is combined with additional information obtained from reasoning about the environment. Object recognition based on the generation of plausible completions of explored landmarks and verification by matching in 3D, fairly independent of the robot's behavior, is described. Generated hypothetical landmarks that are missing for suppositions about objects are directly inserted in a dynamic local map of the environment and verified in consecutive sensor-readings. The usage of confirmed and rejected landmarks for the verification of the object hypotheses and for the feature detection and exploration is discussed.


Abstract Fluorescence bioimaging is one of the key technologies for biomedical science and engineering. Major issues of the current fluorescence bioimaiging are colour fading of the fluorescent probes, phototoxicity and strong light scattering due to the use of a short wavelength excitation light, an ultraviolet or visible light. The use of fluorescent probes to be excited by longer wavelength excitation light, i.e. near infrared light, should solve all of the above issues. In this paper, materials and system developments for the fluorescence bioimaging system with near infrared excitation are reviewed. The development of the system is based on 'polyscale technology,' a post-nanotechnology by cooperative works of the technologies in various scales. The concept and example of the 'polyscale technology' are also described.


This study reports on data collected to investigate the effect of various types of familiarity on native speaker comprehension of nonnative speaker speech. We discuss the effects of familiarity with topic, familiarity with nonnative speech in general, familiarity with a nonnative accent in particular, and familiarity with a particular nonnative. Our results indicate that while the most important of these variables is familiarity with topic, the other variables all have a facilitating effect on comprehension. We discuss these findings as they relate to more general notions of comprehensibility.

We also say of some people that they are transparent to us. It is, however, important as regards this observation that one human being can be a complete enigma to another. We learn this when we come into a strange country with entirely strange traditions; and, what is more, even given a mastery of the country's language. We do not understand the people. If a lion could talk, we could not understand him.

—Ludwig Wittgenstein


The Phosphoria Sea extended at least 500 km westward and at least 700 km southwestward from its core area centered in southeastern Idaho. Throughout that extent it displayed many characteristic features of the core: the same fauna, the same unique sedimentary assemblage including phosphate in mostly pelletal form, chert composed mainly of sponge spicules, and an association with dolomite. Phosphoria-age sediments in Nevada display ample evidence of deposition in shallow water. The chief difference between the sediments in Nevada and those of the core area is the greater admixture of sandstone and conglomerate in Nevada. Evidence of the western margin of the Phosphoria Sea where the water deepened and began to lose its essential characteristics is located in the uppermost part of the Upper Devonian to Permian Havallah sequence, which has been displaced tectonically eastward an unknown distance. The relatively deep water in which the mid-Permian part of the Havallah was deposited was a sea of probably restricted east-west width and was floored by a very thick sequence of mainly terrigenous sedimentary rocks. The phosphate content of mid-Permian strata in western exposures tends to be relatively low as a percentage, but the thickness of those strata tends to be high. The core area in and near southeastern Idaho where the concentration of phosphate is highest was separated from any possible site of upwelling oceanic waters by a great expanse of shallow sea.


Reading fluency is one of the underlying factors of successful language curricula and it is also one ofthe defining characteristics of good readers. A lack of fluency is a common characteristic of strugglingreaders. There is a growing body of research that demonstrates proficiency in reading fluency isimportant for success in learning to read English. While the role of reading fluency is increasinglyrecognized as important for literacy acquisition in English, less is known about the role that fluencyplays in literacy acquisition in other languages. The present manuscript aims to shed light on theimpact of reading fluency in the Turkish language context, and also to provide some practicalimplications for Turkish stakeholders in education system to improve Turkish children`s readingfluency and thereby also improve Turkish children's overall reading proficiency.


Proper evaluation of the patient with valvular heart disease begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Today, sophisticated noninvasive tests—especially echocardiography with color flow Doppler imaging—complement the information gained at cardiac catheterization. Information previously available only through cardiac catheterization can now be obtained from these noninvasive techniques. Serial evaluations can be performed, which are important in managing lesions of borderline hemodynamic significance and in avoiding subclinical deterioration of left ventricular contractility.


There was an investigation on the environmental conditions of the Hongze Lake,and the primary physico-chemical indexes were mensurated.The result showed that the water level changed greatly and the ecological environment was volatile.The lake area was shrunk with low carrying capacity.The water was polluted badly and eutrophicatic.The calamities were high frequency and the water environment deteriorated.The biodiversity decreased,and the wetland cowered.The makeup degenerated and the function maladjusted in the lake ecosystem.Then,the suggestions of countermeasure about the environment meliorationt were put forward.


A hierarchical meso-/micro-porous graphitized carbon with uniform mesopores and ordered micropores, graphitized frameworks, and extra-high surface area of ∼2200 m2/g, was successfully synthesized through a simple one-step chemical vapor deposition process. The commercial mesoporous zeolite Y was utilized as a meso-/ micro-porous template, and the small-molecule methane was employed as a carbon precursor. The as-prepared hierarchical meso-/micro-porous carbons have homogeneously distributed mesopores as a host for electrolyte, which facilitate Li+ ions transport to the large-area micropores, resulting a high reversible lithium ion storage of 1000 mA h/g and a high columbic efficiency of 65% at the first cycle.


The purpose of this chapter is to present with an overview of the early warning systems (EWS) applied to global banking crises. Numerous past studies have focused on the EWS of banking crisis. The majority of these studies have developed a predictive model to forecast the likelihood of banking crisis. Relatively less studies in the past show an attempt to predict both crisis likelihood and timing of the crisis likelihood. Precision of timing with respects to a specific type of financial crisis is undeniably difficult. Nonetheless, knowing the timing of crisis likelihood will make policy more effective. Policy makers will be able to response promptly to the upcoming banking crisis by taking pre-emptive measures which are crucial to mitigate the impact from the crisis. Specifically, this would help to avoid the widespread of crisis. It is aware that a banking crisis can transform into a systemic banking crisis which possibly ruins the function of the domestic financial system.


American Citizenship pronounces the vote and the opportunity to earn as the "two great emblems of public standing" (p. 3) in the United States, their centrality deeply embedded in the history and political theory of that country. "Public standing," which Judith Shklar, a Professor of Government at Harvard, recognizes to be a vague notion to describe but well understood experientially, means essentially that citizens, as opposed to subjects, are entitled to respect; since it implies a sense of place defined by income, occupation and education, higher or lower, it is thus difficult to reconcile with the American democratic creed. "Standing" is most comprehensible by what it is not: it is not slavery. One who has no standing is dishonoured and scorned. The spectre of actual slavery and indentured servitude, Shklar argues, has thus formed both American citizens' and the nation's view of themselves as individuals and as a community. Thus, the American past and present are replete with "a series of conflicts arising from enduring anti-liberal dispositions that have regularly asserted themselves . . . against the promise of equal political rights . . . " (p. 13). The claims of equal citizenship have been arrayed against slavery, racism and sexism which institutionalized the exclusion of blacks and women from citizenship as standing, denying them the vote and the right to earn. Indeed, their exclusion allowed citizens to define and value themselves as what they were not: black or female, and immutably different from their inferiors, whose race or sex were also immutable. "The value of citizenship was derived primarily from its denial to slaves, to some white men, and to all women" (p. 16). Today, when all adult citizens have the right to vote, they still forfeit standing when they are on welfare. "In effect, the people who belong to the under-class are not quite citizens" (p. 22). Voting is central to citizenship because it is a statement of belonging to the polity, not just the exercise of a right. "To be a voter was thus as much a condition as a call to action . . . " (p. 27); the denial of the vote and the rejection of certain people as citizens expressed the tension between an ideology of equal rights and a deep desire to exclude some people from citizenship. Machiavelli becomes for Shklar the political thinker who best expressed the American understanding of the ideal citizen, the model military man prepared to sacrifice personal interests for the military interests of the country. Machiavelli posited this figure against the corrupt avarice and selfishness of women and of privileged men. In America, such people were hardly ideal citizens.


The following two essays by Jeremy Adler and Pavel Seifter were given as addresses at the Conference which celebrated the 40th anniversary of the arrival in London of one thousand, five hundred and sixty-four scrolls from Czechoslovakia, where they came into the care of the Memorial Scrolls Trust. Having been ordered to be sent to the Jewish Museum in Prague, the Scrolls which derived from more than one hundred synagogues in Bohemia and Moravia, survived the war and eventually came to be housed under the auspices of the Trust in Westminster Synagogue in London. From there, as many as possible were repaired, and over the next thirty years more than fourteen hundred were sent to congregations and other institutions throughout the world. With most of them now despatched, the Trust is now concentrating on raising the awareness of recipient congregations to the responsibility that comes with being entrusted with a Memorial Scroll. Recipient communities are asked to dedicate one Shabbat during the year to their Memorial Congregation, to coincide with the anniversary of the deportation of that community and to memorialise the many murdered Jews by remembering their names on that Shabbat and on Yom Hashoah, as well as Yom Kippur. Some congregations have embarked on research projects, and have made contact with the Czech towns.


Earlier studies in this laboratory demonstrated that warming or cooling portions of the external surface of the ventricles caused characteristic alterations in the T wave of the electrocardiogram. 1 The basis of these T wave changes was found to be alteration in the duration of one or the other of the two components of the electrocardiogram, i. e., of the dextro- or the levocardiogram. Cold prolonged and heat shortened the duration of these components. The following experiments were undertaken to determine the cause of these alterations in the duration of the dextro- and levocardiograms. Electrograms and monophasic action potentials were studied in 5 dogs by the method previously described, 2 one lead being taken from the anterior surface of the right ventricle and the other from the anterior surface of the left ventricle. Negativity at the lead on the right ventricle gave an upward deflection of the beam. The influence of temperature was determined first on the electrogram, and then on the monophasic action potential. Variations in temperature were produced by applying a small tin chamber to the surface of the heart under one or the other electrode, and circulating through the chamber water at 5°C or 55°C. The results of heating or cooling the surface of the heart under one or the other electrode are shown in Fig. 1. When the region under the right ventricle electrode was cooled, an upright end deflection was obtained, while when this region was warmed, the end-deflection was sharply inverted. The duration of the whole electrogram was prolonged when the heart was cooled, and was not materially altered by warming. Exactly opposite effects followed cooling and heating under the electrode on the left ventricle. Cooling produced a prolonged downward end-deflection, while heating produced an upward end-deflection of normal duration.


Cellular automata belong to a class of dynamical systems characterized by complete discreteness, determinism, and local interaction. Although they are ensembles of simple and uniform elements, cellular automata are capable of showing complex behavior. This property is exploited for solving path planning problems in workspaces with obstacles. A new automaton rule is presented which calculates simultaneously all shortest paths between a starting position and a target cell. Based on wave propagation, the algorithm ensures that the dynamics settles down in an equilibrium state which represents an optimal solution. Rule extensions include calculations on weighted graphs and strategies for dynamic obstacles. The method allows applications on any finite-dimensional, regular lattice.


The method of approximating a discriminant functions of the training set is proposed. The sign of the discriminant functions allows us to classify the point in one or another class. The approximation is constructed with greater precision in the neighborhood of zero values of the discriminant function. To estimate a posterior probability of a class of a point two methods are proposed: based on a series of discriminant functions constructed from the training set and a method in which for each point a personal approximation of the discriminant function is constructed that takes a zero value at a given point. At points where the discriminant function is zero a posterior probability of the class are the same and depend only on the ratio of the values of classification errors.


The insulation strengths of the materials used in modern-day systems are discussed and compared. The aim is to provide help in determining impulse insulation strengths of multiple dielectrics. The test results are analyzed, and some procedures of utilizing fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) and other insulators in series are suggested.


It is, perhaps, unfortunate that those using Anglo-saxon tongues, as opposed to romantic languages such as French, Spanish, Italian, or Portuguese, should describe holes permitting shunting between the atrial chambers as septal defects rather than interatrial communications. This is because, of necessity, the understanding of deficiencies of the atrial septum is entirely dependent on the definition of the structures considered to represent the atrial septum.


A trajectory generation withtwodifferent operating modeswasdeveloped fora newgeneration offireturntable ladders asa specific typeofflexible linkmanipulators. The trajectory generation moduleprovides thetimeindexed reference functions ofthejoint velocities, accelerations andjerksforan underlying tracking control withabilities todamptheoscillations ofthecage. Inordertoshorten thetimeforrescue operations in theautomated modeaplay-back drive ofapreviously teached-in pathwas realized. The axesvelocities canbe significantly increased depending onanadjustable valueofthemaximum allowed deviation between theplay-back andteached-in path.


Abstract: Compositions of neutral and sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids purified from human motor and sensory nerves and myelins were studied. Higher neutral glycosphingolipids (fraction B), which were separated from GazlCer (fraction A), were analyzed by TLC and TLC‐immunostaining. Both nerve myelins contained paragloboside (nLc4Cer) and nLc6Cer dominantly as major higher glycosphingolipids and very little globoside (Gb4Cer), whereas both nerves contained Gb4Cer and nLc4Cer. Besides these major glycosphingolipids, a neutral glycolipid containing asialoGMI (Gg4Cer) epitope and other minor components such as ceramide trihexoside and ceramide dihexoside were detected in both nerves and their myelins. Furthermore, sulfated glucuronyl nLc4Cer and n Lc6Cer, which were monoclonal antibody HNK‐1 reactive glycolipids, were detected in both nerves and myelins.


The national diagnosis of malaria network is founded in 1995. Since then, the group of parasitology, the National Diagnostic Network of the National Institute of Health has implemented the Malaria Program within the National Laboratory Network by developing various activities in order to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the country. The malaria diagnostic network exists in 989 municipalities and consists of 1,640 clinical laboratories and 1,308 microscopy posts, these data show an increase of 13.4% in the municipal network coverage, a decrease of 3.5% the number of clinical laboratories and an increase of 11.8% in microscopy posts with respect to the year 2007. This study aimed to evaluate the network coverage and quality of the malaria diagnosis in 2008. These results do not cover the information from the departments of Magdalena and Casanare. 387,993 samples were diagnosed, out of which 61,304 were positive. For P. vivax 40,937; for P. falciparum 20,013; 353 for association and 1 for P. malariae. As for the direct external evaluation of the departmental performance was: agreement: 92.7%, coverage of 100% and 96.9% participation. 60.6% of laboratories obtained a concordance above 95%. The indirect external evaluation of performance was: concordance (+): 99.3% concordance (-): 100%, kappa 0.99, IKE: 0.95, Participation: 96.9%. To direct external evaluation of performance, at the municipal level, we obtained the following data: concordance = 84.9% coverage: 40.7%, and for the indirect external evaluation was: correlation (+): 95.3% and concordance (-): 98.1%, kappa: 0.94, IKE: 0.79, coverage: 89.2%.


Objective In 2011' s new IASLC-ATS-ERS(International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society) lung adenocarcinoma classification, adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma(MIA) substituted for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The excellent prognosis wins these two histologic types a lot of attention. With the development of image technology, more and more lung adenocarcinomas are detected in early stage. Tumors showing a ground-glass nature in preoperative CT scans are more likely to be minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. This review discusses from the following 6 aspects. Imaging characteristics of MIA, the diagnostic value of intraoperative frozen section, preoperative localization, selection of surgical approaches for ground-glass opacity(GGO) nodules, the extent of lymph nodes dissection and management of multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical guideline for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma is still controversial , strong evidence and further studies are needed.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; GGO; Sublobectomy


The paper describes the application of GIS at the waterworks in Mlada Boleslav, the Czech Republic. The software solution is based on the integration of the possibilities of hydraulic modelling into the GIS. AutoCAD MAP is used as the base together with the software for digital terrain modelling, water distribution analyses and urban drainage modelling. The GIS of the water supply system is based on paper documentation, whereas the GIS of sewer system is based on a geodetic survey of shafts and inlets. The work started in 1992 and at the moment it is running parallelly on both systems. The data structure enables to create the network topology and to integrate the numerical hydraulic modelling. This approach needs more careful and detailed data creation and editing but results in higher quality data and it saves money by long-term multiple future use of the data. It also corresponds to the present day integrated approach to the GIS.


A study of the Raman spectra of the soluble magnesium species in melts such as NaCl-KCl-CaCl{sub 2} (41-41-18 mole %) has been carried out. Over the range of 0 to 25 mole % MgCl{sub 2} in NaCl-KCl-CaCl{sub 2} at 700{degree}C, the intensity of the MgCl{sub 4}{sup 2}{double prime} Raman band near 250 cm{sup {minus}1} was found to vary linearly with Mg(II) concentration. A new normalization procedure has been developed to generate these results. An all silica fiberoptic probe has also been developed to carry out these measurements. Details of these studies will be discussed. 6 refs.


The reform on the teaching pattern of the course "object-oriented Programming" is carried out. On one hand, teachers guide, turor, direct and supervise students' learning. On the other hand, the university not only provides teachers and students with all-around learning support servies, but also supervise the whole process, effect and quality of teachers' guiding and students' learning.Thus we conclude the applicating and realizing process of the teaching pattern as "Guiding, Tutoring and Supervising" in teaching practice.


Long-term scheduling of large cascade hydropower stations (LSLCHS) is a complex problem of high dimension, nonlinearity, coupling and complex constraint. In view of the above problem, we present an improved differential evolution (iLSHADE) algorithm based on LSHADE, a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm. iLSHADE uses new mutation strategies "current to pbest/2-rand" to obtain wider search range and accelerate convergence with the preventing individual repeated failure evolution (PIRFE) strategy. The handling of complicated constraints strategy of e-constrained method is presented to handle outflow, water level and output constraints in the cascade reservoir operation. Numerical experiments of 10 benchmark functions have been done, showing that iLSHADE has stable convergence and high efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate the performance of the iLSHADE algorithm by comparing it with other improved differential evolution algorithms for LSLCHS in four large hydropower stations of the Jinsha River. With the applications of iLSHADE in reservoir operation, LSLCHS can obtain more power generation benefit than other alternatives in dry, normal, and wet years. The results of numerical experiments and case studies show that the iLSHADE has a distinct optimization effect and good stability, and it is a valid and reliable tool to solve LSLCHS problem.


This paper is withdrawn. The current main theorem can be proved by using a simple field theory. The main theorem is to placed by another theorem, shortly.


Abstract The population dynamics of main tobacco pests were evaluated between 2010 and 2012 in China using systematic field monitoring and pheromone lures. Winged Myzus persicae peaked at 156 in late April/early May and gradually decreased, eventually disappearing by early June. Agrotis ipsilon, which peaked at 23 in 2011, was the main pest during the seedling stage, first appearing in late February/early March but rarely causing harm before mid-May. Overwintered Helicoverpa armigera first appeared at the end of March, peaked at 22 from late April to late June in 2011, and disappeared by July. Overwintered Helicoverpa assulta, which caused the most harm during the growing season, first appeared in mid/late April and peaked at 8 once or twice in 2011, before decreasing in mid-June. Overwintered Spodoptera litura adults first appeared in late April but disappeared by early June, only peaking once, at 128, but being more abundant than the other pests, except M. persicae in 2011. These results may be used to design monitoring and control programmes to effectively manage tobacco pests.


This study focuses on checking appropriation of timing that accepts pedestrian space, and then
sets up maintenance plans to supply safe and comfortable waldways.
It also had analyzed timing of maintenance of walkways and users' attitudes for the sake of
improving the plans.
It is necessary to establish maintenance of street facilities and long-term projects to promote
pedestrian space by modifying rules, and then, gradually accept pedestrian mall.
The new rules, which actively guide civic participation, and the alternatives to the development cost
should be prepared.


As people participate in the thousands of global conversations that comprise Usenet news, one thing they do is post their opinions of web resources. Phoaks is a collaborative filtering system that continuously parses, classifies, abstracts and tallies those opinions. About 3,500 users per day consult Phoaks web pages that reflect the results. Phoaks also features a general architecture for building similar collaborative filtering interfaces to conversational data. We report here on the Phoaks resource recommendation interface, the architecture, and the issues and experience that make up its rationale.


The complicated epidemic situation has made e-commerce platforms grow vigorously because the demand for purchasing on the Internet is increasing day by day. In this paper, the authors aim to determine the factors affecting the satisfaction of Gen Z customers with the promotional programs of e-commerce platforms in Vietnam. Data was collected from 334 Gen Z customers. The analysis results show that there are three factors affecting service quality including security, responsiveness, and payment. Furthermore, these factors have an influence on customer satisfaction as well. Based on the research results, the authors also offer some recommendations for improving the quality of e-commerce platforms and increasing their competitiveness in the current context.


The article focuses on the lessons that need to be learnt in terms of sustainable assessment practices, particularly for primary and middle school students and educators. It discusses the relative importance of all experiences in which students engage at school and at home. It analyses the crucial role of assessment in engaging students cognitively, affectively and operationally.


Abstract Converse piezoeffect of constrained ferroelectric films is discussed. The contribution of an elastically deformed substrate to the electrically induced displacement of the film surface is calculated. It is shown that this piezodisplacement can equal or exceed the displacement of a free standing film.


Active controls technology offers great promise for significantly smoothing the ride, and thus improving public and air carrier acceptance, of certain types of transport aircraft. Recent findings which support this promise are presented in the following three pertinent areas: (1) Ride quality versus degree of traveler satisfaction; (2) significant findings from a feasibility study of a ride smoothing system; and (3) potential ride problems identified for several advanced transport concepts.


The present invention is an influenza vaccine, in particular to avian influenza vaccine (AIV). The present invention has a specific homology, the method for preparing a transgenic plant cells expressing a known HA1 polypeptide used to prepare vaccine compositions and individual animals, mammals or including methods for inducing protective immunity in humans.


For passengers' safety and to improve railway axles maintenance, the French railway company, SNCF, studies the evolution of crack length in function of time in fatigue loading situations. To achieve this, it's necessary to know the in-service axle loading. As in-service measurements are very expensive and specific, authors decided to study fracture surfaces of components cracked or broken in service. So, the question is: how can we determine the loading history of a cracked component studying the fracture surfaces? This amounts to determining fracture mechanics parameters such as the maximum stress intensity factor Kmax along the crack path. Authors have ever transferred a quantitative fractographic analysis method from aluminium alloys to axle steel EA4T. This method is based on quantification of significant fractographic features such as striations. But, due to limits of this one, authors decided to add another technique based on X-ray diffraction measurements. In this paper, results of these methods are highlighted and discussed .


Using individual-level panel data from European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (2007-2010) we explore to what extend wage differentials across European countries are explained by differences in education, actual experience and health. The human capital literature suggests an important role for these variables in explaining wage patterns. However, while there is a wide support in the empirical literature of the positive impacts of education and experience on wages, the relationship between wages and health is less clear-cut. What makes it most difficult to disentangle these effects is that education, experience, health and wages are interrelated. To deal with these issues, we implement an Efficient Generalized Instrumental Variable estimator. This procedure allows simultaneous control for the correlation between regressors and unobserved individual effects (as fixed effects) and to identify the estimates for the time-invariant covariates, such as education, as a random effects estimator. Furthermore, it eliminates the uncertainty associated with the choice of instruments, since exogenous included variables, and their means over time, are used as efficient instruments. Our preliminary results suggest that taking this possible unobserved heterogeneity in education and experience into account does not significantly affect the estimation results. Instead, correcting for possible unobserved heterogeneity and/or measurement error in SRH status changes the estimation results dramatically. Still, we find that for both men and women in Europe education, actual experience and health have positive impacts on wages.


Cosmic strings, as topological spacetime defects, show striking resemblance to defects in solid continua: distortions, which can be classified into disclinations and dislocations, are line-like defects characterized by a delta-function-valued curvature and torsion distribution giving rise to rotational and translational holonomy. We exploit this analogy and investigate how distortions can be adapted in a systematic manner from solid-state systems to Einstein - Cartan gravity. As distortions are efficiently described within the framework of an gauge theory of solid continua with line defects, we are led in a straightforward way to a Poincaré gauge approach to gravity which is a natural framework for introducing the notion of distorted spacetimes. Constructing all ten possible distorted spacetimes, we recover, inter alia, the well known exterior spacetime of a spin-polarized cosmic string as a special case of such a geometry. In a second step, we search for matter distributions which, in Einstein - Cartan gravity, act as sources of distorted spacetimes. The resulting solutions, appropriately matched to the distorted vacua, are cylindrically symmetric and are interpreted as spin-polarized cosmic strings and cosmic dislocations.


Florets of Neofinetia falcata Hu were cultured on modified MS medium containing 412.5mg/l NH4NO3 and 950mg/l KNO3. A combination of 1μM BA and 10μM NAA was the most effective for the induction of protocorm-like bodies (PLB). Plantlet formation from PLB was enhanced on modified MS medium supplemented with 5g/l sucrose.


With the development of social economy, land ownership system of china demonstrates many drawbacks. Nominal subject of land ownership is the deep-seated reason land problems in China now. The difference that owned by public system in land with private legal theory makes the property law of China meet an unprecedented challenge, the national and holding power gathers the civil corpus and the administration corpus as one, the easy to government make use of behavior to carry on an aggressive intervention to the land with insure the exploitation of land can be kept on, but it is possible that the influence of exorbitant intervention make less efficiency of land exploitation, intervention of the form mainly should be the strict performance the plans of land. Such as the subject of collective ownership of land nominal to put, the object of the right of ownership boundary line unclear landing to a lot of land is barren and interests of peasants damaged. Through the description and analysis of the historical changes of Chinese rural land property rights system, can clearly see an important influence of the Chinese rural land property system in the process of reform and opening-up as well as its important role.


The example of a gas flowing through an orifice into the surrounding rarefied space is used to demonstrate the possibility of using clusters for diagnosing gas flows. For the conditions studied (it takes a cluster velocity about the same time to relax to the gas velocity as it does to reach the orifice), information on the flow parameters inside the chamber is obtained from the measurement of the cluster drift velocity after the passage through an orifice for various gas consumptions. Other possible uses of clusters in gas flow diagnostics are discussed as well.


We consider the possibility that single-source multicast (SSM) will become a universal multicast service, enabling large-scale distribution of content from a few well-known sources to a general audience. Operating under this assumption, we explore the problem of building the traditional IP model of any-source multicast on top of SSM. Toward this end, we design an SSM proxy service that allows any sender to efficiently deliver content to a multicast group. We demonstrate the performance improvements this service offers over standard SSM and describe extensions for access control, dynamic proxy discovery, and multicast proxy distribution.


A new error concealment algorithm based on fuzzy set theory is proposed to repair damaged portions of the shape information. By the experiment results, the proposed algorithm has better performance than previous works especially on the case that the damaged portion includes the edge of object.


In this communication, a simple mechanism in the optional public goods game is experimentally investigated using two experimental settings; and first time, the cyclic strategy pattern in full state space is demonstrated by means of velocity. It is, furthermore, elaborated that the strategies of cooperation, defection and nonparticipant form a Rock-Paper-Scissors type cycle, and the cycle of three strategies are persistent over 200 rounds. This cycle is very similar to the cycle given by evolutionary dynamics e.g. replicator dynamics. The mechanism that nonparticipant can sustain cooperation is driven by the Rock-Paper-Scissors type of cyclic dominance in the three strategies. That is, if the cycle is existent, the cooperation will always sustain. Meanwhile, the distribution of social states changes in the state space and from cooperation as the most frequent strategy to defection and, from defection to nonparticipant, forms a clear rotation path in a long run. These results seem to implicate that the evolutionary dynamics has ability to capture the real dynamics applying not only on biosphere, but also on human society.


Our ongoing search for underdeveloped functional group combinations has brought to light β-fluorinated aminoalkylboronic acids, a new class of molecules featuring the B-CF linkage. These compounds can now be generated from secondary amines and α-boryl aldehydes through electrophilic fluorination of boryl enamines or enamides. Fluorinated β-aminoalkylboronic acids show no signs of degradation under ambient conditions. We present evidence for the involvement of chair-like motifs, favored over the acyclic forms by up to 1.7 ± 0.1 kcal mol -1 in water and held together by an amine-boronate hydrogen bond. Fluorinated β-aminoalkylboronic acids are stable over a wide pH range and are characterized by a p K a of 3.4, which is the lowest of any alkylboronic acid.


Abstract The author examines the effects of emotional responses to television programming (program-induced affect) on attitude toward the ad (Aad). He finds that both thoughts about the program and overall program evaluations (i.e., program liking) mediate the effect of program-induced affect on Aad, and that emotional responses to the ad moderate the relationship between program liking and Aad. More specifically, the program liking-Aad linkage is strengthened if the ad and program are similar in emotional content. That effect is enhanced for ads appearing early within a pod. The author proposes and tests a model specifying the nature of the relationships among those variables, and discusses the practical implications for advertising practitioners.


The global behavior of solutions for a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with diffusion is discussed. It is found that the dynamical behavior of the reaction-diffusion system is similar to that of the corresponding ordinary differential system. Therefore,Turing instability can not occur for this reaction-diffusion system.


In this paper, we obtain the scaling limits of one-dimensional overshooting Lévy walks. We also find the limiting processes for extensions of Lévy walks, in which the waiting times and jumps are related by powerlaw, exponential and logarithmic dependence. We find that limiting processes of overshooting Lévy walk are characterized by infinite mean-squaredisplacement. It also occurs that introducing different dependence between waiting times and jumps of Lévy walks results in subdiffusive properties.


This work focus on the problem of automatic generation of fuzzy systems by means of evolutionary computation, specifically using the approach of coevolution. Co-evolution is based on the idea of modular modeling of the problem subcomponents. In this work the subcomponents are represented by species, which have a collaborative relation among them. The fuzzy system to be created performs fuzzy pattern classification. Basically, the environment is composed by four different species, which have a hierarchical collaboration both in the generation of the species and in the fitness determination of the individuals of these species. These species are organized in levels, where the contribution in the specie generation happens from the lowest to highest levels and the contribution in the fitness determination happens from the highest to lowest levels. The fitness calculation includes evaluations of rules compactness, what was demonstrated to improve the system interpretability.


Social media are nowadays discussed quite widely and thoroughly, for a lot of different reasons and in many equally relevant contexts. They are perceived not only as an individualized social communication tool but also as a community building means and a way of implementing innovative corporate solutions and conducting effective marketing activities. Social media platforms thus have been reflected on by social and behavioral psychologists, renowned economists, business experts and marketing professionals, media and journalism theorists, professional journalists, lawyers, politicians, experts specializing in political sciences and so on. Obviously, the contemporary discourse related to social media does not result exclusively from interdisciplinary scholarly discussions and research inquiries; what we know and think about social media and social media journalism are often based on events and communication and cultural phenomena occurring on social media and/or popularized via social media.


ErbB-2/Her-2 positive breast cancer constitutes 20-30% of invasive breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and survival. The inability of anti-Her-2 drugs to improve the overall response rate and reoccurrence in Her-2 positive breast cancer patients presents a major challenge to clinical oncology. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors have shown great potential in overcoming the side effects and resistance associated with current anti-Her- 2-therapies. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the therapies against Her-2 positive breast cancer and the various HSP90 inhibitors currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic for targeting Her-2-mediated breast cancer. PFS: Progression Free Survival; PR: Partial Response; PI3K- Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase; PK: Pharmacokinetic; PR: Progesterone Receptor; RR: Response Rate; RTK: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; SCLC: Small Cell Lung Cancer; T-DM1: Trastuzumab Emtansine; TNBC: Triple Negative Breast Cancer; VEGFR: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor


Sir, Pharmacotherapy in patients with systemic fungal infections continues to challenge the heartiest clinicians. The inability of the antimycotic to discriminate the infected eukaryotic host from the pathogen often leads to treatment-limiting adverse events. In our continued efforts to improve the safety of antifungal therapy, we initiated studies to evaluate the dose, onset, peak, and duration of echinocandin-induced cardiomyopathy.


Simple Summary This study focuses on the Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) as the research subject, aiming to investigate the effects of emodin on the total bacterial count of Aeromonas hydrophila and the immune response in various tissues of Wuchang bream following infection. The experimental diets were made by supplementing emodin at 0, 30, 100, and 150 mg kg−1 to a basal (control) diet, respectively, and fed to fish with an initial weight of 50.4 ± 2.35 g. All fish were divided into five experimental groups: uninfected fish fed with basal control diet (negative control, NC), infected fish fed with the diet supplemented with 0 (positive control group, PC), 30 (30), 100 (100), and 150 mg/kg (150) of emodin. Except for the negative control group, all other groups were injected with A. hydrophila at a concentration of 1 × 106 CFU/mL. The experiment was conducted over a period of 14 days, with sampling at various time points. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the total bacterial count of Aeromonas in the kidney, blood, and liver tissues of infected Wuchang bream was significantly affected by the dosage of added emodin and the feeding duration. Additionally, the immune response of Wuchang bream following intraperitoneal infection with A. hydrophila was also significantly influenced by emodin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 100 mg/kg of emodin to the diet could enhance the Wuchang bream's resistance to A. hydrophila infection by reducing the total bacterial count of pathogenic bacteria in tissues, increasing the activity of relevant immune enzymes and promoting the secretion of cytokines. This study provides a theoretical basis for practical production. Abstract This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on the total bacterial count and immune response in various tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila. The experimental diets were made by supplementing emodin at 0, 30, 100, and 150 mg kg−1 to basal (control) diet, respectively, and fed to fish with an initial weight of 50.4 ± 2.35 g. All fish were divided into five experimental groups: uninfected fish fed with basal control diet (negative control, NC), infected fish fed with the diet supplemented with 0 (positive control group, PC), 30 (30), 100 (100), and 150 mg/kg (150) of emodin. The fish were reared for 14 days and sampled at different time points. The results showed that the total bacterial count in the kidney, blood, and liver tissues of Wuchang bream infected with A. hydrophila was significantly affected by the supplementation and feeding time of emodin. At the beginning of the experiment, the difference in total bacterial count among the groups was not significant. On day 1, the total bacterial count in all groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the negative control group. On day 4, the total bacterial count in all the emodin groups was significantly reduced, and the best bactericidal effect was observed in the 100 mg kg−1 group. In addition, emodin had a significant effect on the immune response of Wuchang bream after infection with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the respiratory burst activity, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) content, and white blood cell count (WBC) in the 100 and 150 mg kg−1 groups could be restored to normal levels in the shortest time (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this study also measured the complement alternative pathway activity (ACH50), plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the fish. The results showed that supplying 100 mg kg−1 emodin to the diet could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the ACH50 activity of the fish. Compared with the positive control (PC) group, the addition of emodin to the diet can inhibit the decrease in SOD activity and the increase in MDA content in the plasma of infected Wuchang bream. In conclusion, supplying 100 mg kg−1 emodin to the diet can enhance the ability of Wuchang bream to resist A. hydrophila infection by reducing the total bacterial count in tissues, increasing the activity of related immune enzymes, and promoting the secretion of cytokines. This provides a theoretical basis for production practice.


The pile bearing capacity,settlement and other indices of two large-diameter bored piles and two steel pipe piles at the construction site of Kayang Bridge in Seoul,Korea are analyzed by means of the static load tests.The bearing capacity characteristics of diameter piles and steel pipe piles are revealed by using the load-settlement curves' and the influencing factors are investigated during the experiment.It provides valuable experimental data and experience for the construction of similar projects in the future.


Objective To explore the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction on neurological function and homocysteine( Hcy) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Sixty- four cases of acute ischemic stroke were randomly divided into two groups,32 cases each group. The control group received conventional therapy,and the test group received Buyanghuanwu decoction in addition to conventional therapy; the treatment lasted for 21 days. Results The overall effective rate was 87. 50% and 62. 50% in the two groups respectively,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant( P 0. 05). After treatment,NIHSS score and homocysteine( Hcy) level significantly decreased in two groups( P 0. 01),and showed significant difference between the two groups( P 0. 05).Conclusions Buyanghuanwu decoction treatment is proved to be effective for acute ischemic stroke,its functioning mechanism is related to lowering serum Hcy level and oxidative stress,and improving cerebral tissue repair after ischemic injury.


This study is to investigate the efficacy of self-made sichongsan in combination with gefitinib on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. A total of 47 NSCLC patients in advanced stage with EGFR mutation who had not received any treatment before admission were divided into the control group (n = 23) and the observation group (n = 24). Patients in the control group underwent gefitinib treatment, while those in the observation group additionally took self-made sichongsan for treatment. The objective response rate of the observation group was 75%, significantly higher than 52.18% in the control group (P < 0.05). Before treatment, comparisons of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) levels in serum showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). At the 12th week of treatment, the levels of CEA and CA153 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the observation group, the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 16.7%, which was significantly lower than 47.8% in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in terms of the first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation, the efficacy of self-made sichongsan in combination with gefitinib is superior to the single administration of gefitinib, and the former can more effectively decrease the levels of CEA and CA153 in serum of patients and reduce the incidence rate of adverse effects.


BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R Medical College, Gwalior (MP). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It was a Prospective observational type of study. AIMS: This study was done to know the predictive value of EEG for neurodevelopmental outcome in neonatal seizures and to study the prognostic significance of neonatal EEG patterns. METHOD AND MATERIAL: A total of sixty neonates admitted in neonatal unit of this hospital having seizure episode any time after birth were included in this study. Required information of the enrolled cases was recorded in a preformed proforma. The day of onset of seizures, clinical type of seizures were recorded. Electroencephalography (inter ictal) was done in the Department of Neurology Gajra Raja Medical College Gwalior. First EEG was done during the course of stay in the SCNU and the pattern was recorded. Second EEG was done at the age of 3 months and the pattern was recorded in the proforma. EEG patterns were divided into three groups. Neurodevelopment assessment of these babies was done at the age of 6 months using 'C Amiel Tison neurodevelopmental assessment tool'. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: All the data were collected and then processed and analysed. Epical 2000 info software was used for calculation of χ 2 value, and P value. Fishers exact test for Risk ratio, Odds ratio were applied using 2 X 2 table. Kappa values were calculated for significance of association. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 60 cases were enrolled out of them seven cases were lost to follow up during the study. One case died at the age of six months. Only 52 (86.66%) cases completed the follow -up for neurodevelopmental assessment. Out of sixty 31cases (51.67%) had seizures within 24 hours of life (p<0.01), 15 cases (25%) had seizures between 24-72 hours of life and 14 cases thereafter. Clonic seizures were found to be the most common type of seizures40%) followed by subtle 31.67%, tonic 20%, and myoclonic 3.33% seizures. Birth asphyxia 42(70%) was the most common etiology of seizures observed in the study followed by hypocalcemia and hypoglycemia and CNS infection 6(10%). On follow up out of 52 cases, 12 (23.07%) developed epilepsy. Developmental assessment of the cases shows that 30 (57.70%) were normal, 14 (26.92%) were having moderate developmental delay and 8 (15.38%) were having severe neurodevelopmental delay. In 1 st EEG, group I pattern had 87.5% normal outcome, group II pattern had 47.4% moderate delay and group III pattern had 66.7% severe delay. In 2nd EEG, group I pattern had 90.3% normal outcome, group II pattern had 69.24% moderate delay and group III pattern had 75% severe delay. In normal pattern 1st EEG 87.5% cases were having normal outcome while in normal pattern 2 nd EEG 90.3% were with normal outcome. In abnormal 1 st EEG 68% cases were having developmental delay while in abnormal 2 nd EEG 90.5% cases


In real-world law enforcement encounters, a seemingly docile situation can turn violent in a matter of seconds. Being able to identify the signs of imminent aggression or violence may be extremely important in keeping safe those in harm's way. In the current study university student observers were shown an array of 12 facial expressions that included target images for two types of assault - premeditated assault and a loss of impulse control assault - and some distractors. The target images were created based on consultation with individuals who had experienced incidences of physical assault, aggression, and/or violence. The observers were split into two groups - those who had experience with physical assault and those who did not. The group with experience selected the target images as those preceding assault; the group with no experience did not. These findings provide continuing evidence that reliable facial signs of imminent aggression may exist, and if so that people in harm's way can be trained to identify those signs before they happen.


The most controversial portion of Heidegger' s essay "The Origin of the Work of Art" is arguably his dual description of one of van Gogh's shoe paintings. The controversy plays itself out in a number of ways. It shows itself, for example, in the debate, if one wants to call it that, between Heidegger, Meyer Shapiro, and Derrida concerning the necessity and legitimacy of attributing ownership of the represented shoes to either a peasant woman (Heidegger),' the artist himself (Meyer Shapiro)/ or anyone at all (Derrida). Perhaps more seriously, Heidegger's reflection(s) on the shoe painting are controversial in view of the images he evokes in his second description. These are images of earth, world, and field, of the quintessential peasant woman, her life and her labour; they are images, in short, that have at most a remote connection to the painting, but that do strongly suggest Heidegger' s commitment to the national socialist ideology. In this paper, I will take up the second of these concerns, but from a somewhat different point of view. I focus on an aspect of Heidegger's reflections that I find equally troubling: the posited connection of art and truth, in particular, the claim that this painting is a locus from which the happening of truth can once again take its beginning. Heidegger tells us that the painting lets us see what equipment "is in truth" (UK, 21; OW, 36), but his account of the truth that happens through the painting is by far more complex than he acknowledges. While he introduces it as a truth of equipment, it becomes quickly evident that what he is really interested in is the world-historical truth of aletheia. But, as I will argue, the happening of truth that the painting is said to initiate can be aletheia only through the evocation of the peasant woman. At the same time, it is precisely in view of this evocation that we must consider Heidegger's use of this painting an abuse. It is an abuse because the peasant woman is not evident in the painting. And it is an abuse because the evocation of the peasant woman hinges, as I will argue, on Heidegger' s continued immersion in the national socialist ideology. Without the ideology and without the figure of the peasant woman, the truth that "happens" through the painting is the admittedly "lesser" truth of equipment, a point that I will make by introducing a work of art (Duchamp' s Fountain) that one might think would have been the ideal candidate even for Heidegger given his stated aim: to investigate the nature of the work of art from the point of view of equipment. Although this discussion touches on Heidegger's national socialist commit-


Concern over the development of new performance measurement systems that that are in line of a complex business environment has increased. Problems with relying solely on financial measures have proven counterproductive. Recently, interest over non-financial measures has dramatically increased. Non-financial measures, however, are not problem-free. The issues are to translate improvements in these non-financial indicators into improvement in the bottom line. To overcome these problems, Kaplan and Norton have developed a new system called the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Some French scholars argue that the BSC is a mere reproduction of the French Tableau de Bord (TDB) developed in the 1950s by French engineers. This paper seeks to draw a comparison between the BSC and The TDB.


Graphene oxide exhibits extensive disorder with a multitude of functional groups and holes making its structure an abstract concept. Multiple structural models make it a dark horse and hamper its u...


This paper summarizes the research and development of plant food and animal food which rich in Trace element, and the application of Trace element on the prophylaxis and freatment of difficult case in food therapy.


The present invention, immunostimulatory substance virus-like particle (VLP), that can carry a DNA oligonucleotide, especially containing unmethylated C and G (CpG), it relates to the discovery. Such CpG-VLP, rather than counterparts containing no these CpG dramatically illustrates the immunogenicity and induce enhanced B and T cell responses. Optionally binding, fusion, or the immune response in other ways to the antigen attached to the VLP, is enhanced similarly to the immune response against the VLP itself. Furthermore, T cell responses against VLP and antigens are especially directed to the Th1 type. Accordingly, the antigen attached to CpG-bearing VLP is likely to be an ideal vaccine for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination allergy, tumors and other self-assembly molecules, and for chronic viral diseases.


For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e‐mail address email@example.com The personnel that receive this mail are often ill‐prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.


In most land or water studies where remote sensing techniques are applied, relatively pure picture elements (pixels) can easily be found, analysed and modelled. (Semi-) natural wetland ecosystems represent the transition between these studies. The understanding (from a remote sensing point of view) of such complex systems requires the integration (by means of data-assimilation) of aquatic-ecological and terrestrial ecohydrological modelling and detailed observation techniques. The degree of observation-detail that is necessary, cannot be provided by traditional (satellite based) optical sensor systems, but the recent development and application of high resolution (spatial and spectral) imaging spectrometers has changed this situation. At present, full spectra can be resolved which should allow providing areal coverage and/or timing series of relevant parameters, including quantitative analyses. The aim of this project is to understand spectral mixtures of observations of wetland ecosystems and to design methods to derive detailed information on local wetland composition from remote sensing. A secondary aim is to study the amount of information available within a pixel at a certain scale, both by forward and inverse modelling. Ultimately, maps of the state and composition of wetlands at various stages of water level rise will be produced for the overall project team. Description of the problem The overall study project will address the analysis of the influences of discrete water level changes on the wetland ecosystem. This will involve mainly the study of increased water levels on hydrological, ecological and chemical characteristics of Dutch wetlands. At various stages (before during and after water level changes) detailed spatial information is required on the physical-ecological status of the wetland. One of the techniques that will be used to obtain this information is remote sensing. Already in the eighties / early nineties, the potential was demonstrated of high resolution imaging spectroscopy techniques for the determination of a number of aspects of inland water quality (concentrations of suspended sediment, algal pigments and dissolved organic substances) (Dekker et al., 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1999). A number of subsequent 3 Prof. I. Simmers, Faculty of Earth Sciences/H&H, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Prof. P. Vellinga, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Dr. S. Peters, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Dr. K. van Huissteden, Faculty of Earth Sciences/K&G, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Dr. T. Hobma, Faculty of Earth Sciences/ITC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam. Drs. M.L. Laanen, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam.


ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the inability and lack of interest of students in reading poetry. The formulation of the research problem is whether the demonstration method can improve students' ability to read poetry in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 47/IV Jambi city in the second semester of the 2020/2021 school year? The research aims to improve students' abilities, learning outcomes, and skills in reading poetry, using the Demonstration method in accordance with the correct stages. This research was conducted in July-October 2020, at SD Negeri 47/IV Jambi City. The type of research is classroom action research with 2 cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Techniques and data collection tools in this study were field notes, list of student scores and student tests. The results of this study indicate that with the Demonstration method, student learning outcomes increase by 53%. It is concluded that the Demonstration method can improve students' ability to read poetry. Keywords: Improving Ability, Reading Poetry, Demonstration


Sexing the City focuses on struggles in the UK in the late 1970s and 1980s to mobilize the local state to achieve lesbian and gay equality. Specifically, it looks at the development of lesbian and gay initiatives within urban local government. In so doing, Cooper seeks to explore both the potential and the limitations of working with and within the local state. Sexing the City therefore contributes to, and develops, ongoing debates regarding the local state and social change, and feeds into broader concerns about the relationship between activism and institutional processes. Cooper's focus on lesbian and gay struggles and the development of lesbian and gay state initiatives is, however, unusual, and leads her to raise an exciting set of relatively unexplored questions and issues. In particular, Sexing the City raises questions regarding the relationship between sexuality and the state. How does the state engage with the sexual? To what extent can state struggles lead to a reshaping of sexual identities and politics? What happens to lesbian and gay activism when it enters state processes? To address these issues, Cooper draws throughout the book on her own wide ranging research on the 'lesbian and gay municipal project'. This includes case studies of four individual councils and involves close textual analysis of the discursive struggle surrounding lesbian and gay municipalism. The specific historical conditions which led to the emergence of lesbian and gay work in British local government, policy development and implementation and their attendant problems, struggles over the meaning of policy, and the emergence and mobilization of opposition to lesbian and gay work, are all richly documented. Cooper carefully documents what she terms the 'organizing out' of certain perspectives on lesbian and gay work from the lesbian and gay municipal project. In particular, she shows how bureaucratic processes and political interests, including for example, long periods of consultation, management monitoring, powers of intervention by senior officers and councillors, and institutional pressures to conceptualize lesbian and gay issues in terms of already established and very limited equal opportunities discourses, meant that many issues were blocked, postponed or watered down. She shows how such processes meant that lesbian and gay issues were predominately conceptualized in terms of civil rights, emphasizing equal treatment and non-discrimination. Such a focus tended to exclude sexual politics: there was an 'inability to locate lesbian and gay policies, that is, both homosexuality and local


Sensitive and selective detection for cancer biomarkers is critical in cancer clinical diagnostics. In this work, we report an electrochemical detection platform for the carbohydrate antigen tumor marker 15-3 (CA15-3). It is based on a composite material of poly [2-methoxy-5- (2-ethylhexyloxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which deposited as active layer of an organic thin-film transistor. This layer was surface functionalized with the Anti-CA15-3 monoclonal antibody. The devices have a favorable electrical output response for V_SD source-drain potentials between 0 to 5 volts, and V_G as 8 volts. Once the antigen (CA15-3) is recognized by the antibody, the electrical response is diminished. The test has a linear response in the concentration range of 0–30 U mL ^- 1 of CA 15–3, with a lower detection limit of ~1 U mL ^- 1 and a stability of 90% with respect to the initial values after storing the device for two weeks. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CA15-3 in serum samples. Possibly, this used composite material has a greater scope and can be applied to another type of detection scheme.


This paper presents a SW reconfigurable platform, capable of executing in real time both analog and digital television protocols as NTSC, PAL, SECAM and DVB-H. Our platform is also capable of executing WiMAX at 2.9 Mbps in real time, as well as other mobile telephony protocols like 3G UMTS or CDMA200. SW reconfigurability and low power consumption makes our platform suitable for mobile applications. Current analog and digital television systems have been developed in a combination of analog and/or digital hardware due to high computational processing requirements. They are also mostly limited to a single function either analog TV or, digital TV. DSPs in these systems have been limited to speech coding and orchestrating the custom hardware blocks. Despite the fact that in high-performance systems there may be over 2 million logic gates required to implement physical layer processing, the implementation may take many months to finalize. After the logic design is complete, any errors in the design may cause up to a 9 month delay in correcting and refabricating the device. This labor intensive process is counter productive to fast development cycles. In our approach, the entire physical layer is executed in SW using the SB3011 DSP from Sandbridge Technologies (Glossner et al., 2003) allowing fast development cycles and support of multiple functions


We show simultaneous 4-channels wavelength conversion of 50-Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK signals with 100-GHz channel spacing using a quantum-dot SOA. Error-free, low-power penalty operations are successfully achieved with a variety of channel numbers and positions.


The Accredited Milk Scheme in Kent, by G. H. GARRAD, N.D.A., Agricultural Organiser, Kent Education Committee. (Being a paper read at a Sessional Meeting held at Margate on November 27th, I936). I AM very glad to have the opportunity to speak at Margate about the JL Accredited Milk Scheme in Kent, because it was an inquiry from a Margate producer that lead to the organising of the first Kent Clean Milk


The present study was undertaken to prepare soya fortified urad papad with different levels of soya flour. Papads were made with four different levels of soya flour as 5 %, 10 %, 15 % & 20 % along with control treatment without addition. The samples were analyzed chemically & physically. The moisture, protein, fat, ash and total carbohydrate content of treatment T2, T3, T4 & T5 was found to be ranging from 11.00 11.85 %, 24.90 – 29.25 %, 2.9 – 6.24 %, 1.45 – 1.95 % and 58.09 – 50.71 % respectively. The protein content was found to be increasing significantly with addition of soya flour. Also the shelf life study of papads was carried out for 120 days and it was remain good and acceptable upto 90 days. Keywordspapad, urad, soya flour, shelf life study, protein content.


Synthesis of O-Protected (R)-2-Hydroxy Aldehydes and Their Hydrocyanation

The synthesis of O-silyl- and O-benzyl-protected (R)-2-hydroxy aldehydes (R)-6 from (R)-2-hydroxy carboxylic acids (R)-1 is described. While attempts for their diastereoselective hydrocyanation with hydrocyanic acid and (R)-oxynitrilase as catalyst have not been successful, the cyano silylation with trimethylsilyl cyanide occurred diastereoselectively with a ratio of 81 : 19 preferring the threo form without racemization at C-2 of the 2-hydroxy aldehyde.


This article describes a strategy for helping student-teachers systematically and consciously plan their lessons. By using the sequence of "overview, prime, drill, and check," beginning teachers can be certain that they have included an introduction and motivation to an activity, examples and review of material necessary for conducting the activity, varied and appropriate drilling techniques, and evaluation of students' progress. This sequence gives new teachers a secure base for lesson planning, and attempts in this way to reduce the insecurities and anxieties felt by so many novices at the start of their practicum. In addition, this approach can be used as a means of analyzing the teaching and learning actually accomplished in a class, first under the guidance of a supervising teacher and later by beginning and experienced teachers on their own. Thus, it could become an instrument for developing skill in self-critiquing which may well be the most valuable and long-lasting skill that methods teachers and supervisors can develop in their student-teachers.


"The project goals was to establish a sustainable leadership development program that has value to the transit industry in Texas."


Abstract So far we've survived the first three months of this last year of the millennium. We hope we have all made our final Y2K preparations and are just waiting for the clock to tick down. OK, OK … well, not all of us …. But, even so, perhaps we can start to turn the corporate focus away from the problem of the century just enough to start the collective mind thinking and investing money in its information security programs.


Abstract : This monograph examines the problem of decoupling between the commander and joint battle staff of a joint task force, and its antidote, networking. Effective networking between the commander and staff enables both the commander and joint staff to appraise the current operational theater and forecast the future theater for the command. Effective networking of the commander and joint battle staff is achieved through a shared image of the joint area of operations. This shared image is achieved by the integration of the staff through teamwork and an interactive flow of information within the joint command post. The achievement of mutual situational awareness of the joint area of operations reduces the amount of uncertainty confronting both the commander and staff when making decisions in the execution of joint operations. As a result, the JTF commander and staff can then focus combat power effectively to accomplish assigned missions. Interactive information flow, teamwork and team decision making offer a solution to the problem of decoupling between the commander and battle staff of a joint task force. Through the use of teamwork and interactive information flow, an ad hoc organization like a JTF can avoid operational failure and missed opportunities as the commander and staff become networked through a shared image of the operational theater.


Four distinct crystalline Mo3VOx catalysts comprising the same structural units were tested for the selective oxidation of methacrolein (MCR). Crystalline orthorhombic Mo3VOx (Orth-MoVO), trigonal ...


We prove Holder regularity for solutions of non divergence integro-differential equations with non necessarily even kernels. The even/odd decomposition of the kernel can be understood as a sum of a diffusion and a drift term. In our case we assume that such drift have the order smaller than or equal to the diffusion and at least one. For example we can say something about the following equation $\Delta^{1/2}u + |Du| = f$. The main step relies in a localized version of the Aleksandrov-Bakelman-Pucci estimate. Our estimates are also uniform as the order of the equation goes to two.


The paper firstly analysed the scientific research status and developing trend of the fishing capture and fishery resource subjects in the investigations and estimation of the ocean fishery resources,the protection and management of the fishery resources,the renovation of the ocean zoology and the resume of the fishery resources.Then discussed the most problems of the overage fishing,the bad selectivity of fishing gears,the increasing decline of the fishery resources etc..Lastly,the paper proposed these scientific research subjects of the suitable fishing force,the selectivity of fishing gears,the estimating effect of break off fishing in summer.


The torch plasma generated by the plasma torch has the characteristics of high temperature and highly intense radiation. We focused on the radiation that has been ignored as a loss to treat the materials, especially hazardous wastes. The radiation power was 1540 W when the input power was 7000 W and the appearance plasma length was 2 cm at 1 atm. And then, the temperature of the radiation spot concentrated from torch plasma by a lens was measured. The increasing temperature of the radiation spot was 8.2 K. If all the radiation can be focused on the spot, this would lead to thousands of degrees in the temperature rise.


[ ]Look style has been showing up continuously since 1980s in the fashion world. In response to that, this study aimed to look into the trend of design in 1960s and examine the formative artistic characteristics in Look in order to explore the Look of Andre Courregs. Following the flow of the times, the 's design has transformed and developed through the styles of the pants suit look, the space age look, the mini look and the sporty look. His own style constructed by simple line like a mini skirts, accurate rates, geometric patterns, high tech materials, vivid color and etc, in 1960s. He has also innovated the fields of textile, garment cutting, details, and accessories. The Style was expressed by pure&avant-garde style, sporty&modern style, cheerful&reveal style and dynamic&funny style. Functionality with humor to was an important element that expresses both youth and casual. For the active, new woman, not only a funtional beauty but also a futuristic sensibility is expressed in the Style.


The cost/benefits of advance commercial gas turbine materials are described. Development costs, estimated payoffs and probabilities of success are discussed. The materials technologies investigated are: (1) single crystal turbine blades, (2) high strength hot isostatic pressed turbine disk, (3) advanced oxide dispersion strengthened burner liner, (4) bore entry cooled hot isostatic pressed turbine disk, (5) turbine blade tip - outer airseal system, and (6) advance turbine blade alloys.


In the present investigation , Antimutagenicity, antioxidant and phytochemicals investigations have been carried out. The 50 % methanolic extract of Aloe vera showed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Resin, Saponins, Glycoside and Tanins whereas Protein, Starch. Flavonods and Steroids were absent .The different concentration of Resin (2.5 % ) , Tannin ( 1.95% ) , Carbohydrate ( 1.34 % ) and Alkaloids ( 0.67 % ) were quantified. In Micronuceus assay , single application of Aloe Vera ext. at the dose of 125 , 250 and 375 mg/kg b.wt.,24hours prior the i.p. administration of Cyclophosphamide have significantly prevented the micronucleus formations in bone marrow cells of mice. It was also observed that single application of aloe vera extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg have not significantly induced micronuclei formation as compared to solvent control. The dose dependent inhibition of TBARS formation at the different concentration of Aloe vera extract ranging from 100 ug/ml to 1,000 ug/ml was studied using T Bars method.. The Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. The IC 50 values of Ascorbic acid and of Aloe vera extract was found to be 40 μg/ml and 60μg/ml, respectively.


The quantitative hydrogenation of cis-1,4-poly(isoprene) (CPIP) provides an easy entry to the alternating copolymer of ethylene–propylene, which is difficult to prepare by conventional polymerization. The homogeneous hydrogenation of CPIP, in the presence of OsHCl(CO)(O2)(PCy3)2 as catalyst, has been studied by monitoring the amount of hydrogen consumed during the reaction. The final degree of olefin conversion measured by computer-controlled gas uptake apparatus was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Kinetic experiments for CPIP hydrogenation in toluene solvent indicate that the hydrogenation rate is first order with respect to catalyst and carbon–carbon double bond concentration. A second-order dependence on hydrogen concentration for low values and a zero-order dependence for higher values of the hydrogen concentration was observed. The apparent activation energy for the hydrogenation of CPIP over the temperature range of 115–140°C was 109.3 kJ/mole. Mechanistic aspects of this catalytic process are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 142–152, 2003


For high-precision measurements of strain gauge-based transducers, 225 Hz carrier frequency measuring amplifiers are primarily used [1]. The benefits of this carrier frequency method were discussed in previous publications. This publication shows the measurement uncertainty that can be achieved by calibrating an amplifier based on this method. Possibilities for improving the measurement uncertainty and the physical limit from the user's point of view are shown.


Nowadays, there are a lot of jam which were caused by accident or too many waiting vehicle at tumpike.lt brings transportati on system too much inconvenience. In this article, I utilize the technology of multi-sensor's information fusion combination with virtual instrument to exert the advantage of multi-sensor and Information fusion technology and virtual instrument's concision interface, the function of powerful data processing to resolve this problem. I use D -S decision-making to design a appropriate data module. It can offer decision-making about vehicle for turnpike , by supervisory center's multi-sensor data processing. This system make the turnpike's efficiency improve remarkable.


The authors show how power circuit parameters and waveforms can be systematically estimated offline from recorded segments of accessible waveforms. The iterative nonlinear least-squares algorithm described combines simulation and analysis to assess fit, determine sensitivities, and tune parameters. Pitfalls, and strategies for overcoming them, are discussed and illustrated.<<ETX>>


Measuring green house gases helps understanding the relation between the climate and the natural greenhouse gas emission, which is one of the most i mportant and yet poorly understood feedbacks in the climate system. With these measurements, we can join international research programs aiming at the determination of the European and global budget of major greenhouse gases as well as that of the yields and locations of their anthropog enic sources. This work is based on the equipments and recording devices installed on the tower of rad io transmitter of the company of "Antenna Hungária" at Hegyhátsál (Haszpra et al. 2012, Broqu et et al. 2013)


The interactions between an optical brightener and surfactants commonly found in laundry detergents were studied. Three techniques were used; fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the effect of the addition of surfactants on the rate of brightener deposition, while small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to determine the effect of the brightener on the micellar structure pre-deposition. In addition, the effect of calcium ions on micellar structure was studied using these techniques. The effect of surfactant addition on CaCO3 crystallisation was also studied.
It was found that the addition of nonionic surfactants inhibited the deposition of brightener onto fabric surfaces, whereas the addition of anionic surfactants aided this deposition process. This was correlated to the micellar structures found using SAXS and MD simulations; the anionic surfactant system formed ellipsoidal structures, in which the brightener was incorporated onto the surface of the hydrocarbon core, whereas the nonionic surfactant formed spherical structures where the brightener was held within the outer shell, which appeared to hamper its ability to be deposited. In addition, the brightener was shown to affect micellar radius and aggregation number of the nonionic surfactant, in a manner similar to the addition of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant.
The addition of calcium ions at concentrations up to 0.36 g L-1 Ca2+ (for SAXS) and 0.77 g L-1 Ca2+ (for MD simulations) to nonionic and anionic surfactant systems was not seen to significantly affect their micellar structure, although a greater affinity was seen between the calcium and the anionic surfactant than between the calcium and the nonionic surfactant. The effect of the addition of surfactants on the rate of CaCO3 crystallisation and the polymorphs produced was determined.


To evaluate short‐term test–retest and interobserver reproducibility of IVIM (intravoxel incoherent motion) diffusion parameters and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver parenchyma at 3.0T.


In this paper, we describe a way to build and explore auxiliary boundary constraints used to layout standard cells. It is required to build an electronic component of VLSI chip, a standard cell, given a set of constraints: geometrical design rules and additional electrical requirements. During layout of standard cells, additional constraints are formulated to avoid possible violations at cell boundaries when cells are abutted in a horizontal row. Current work proposes a flow to compute such auxiliary rules.


Liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) will be used for the first time in a space instrument, the Solar Orbiter mission of the European Space Agency, as polarization states analyzers (PSAs). These devices will determine the Stokes parameters of the light coming from the Sun by temporal polarization modulation, using the so-called modulation matrix O. This is a matrix constituted by the first rows of properly selected PSA Mueller matrices. Calibrating a space instrument, in particular, finding O, is a critical point because in a spacecraft there is no possibility of physical access. Due to the huge difficulty in calibrating the complete instruments in all possible scenarios, a more complete calibration of the individual components has been done in ground in order to make extrapolations to obtain O in-flight. Nevertheless, apart from the individual calibrations, the experimental errors and nonideal effects that inhibit the system to reach the designed and theoretical values must be known. In this work, description and study of these effects have been done, focusing on the nonideal effects of the LCVRs and the azimuthal misalignments between the optical components of the PSA during the mechanical assembly. The Mueller matrix of a representative LCVR has been measured and mathematically decomposed by logarithm decomposition, looking for values of circular birefringence and fast axis angle variations as a function of voltage. These effects, in the absence of other nonidealities, affect the polarimetric performance, reducing the polarimetric efficiencies in some cases until 11%. Nevertheless, in this case, they are negligible if compared to the other nonideality studied, which are the azimuthal misalignments between the PSA optical components. The study presented in this work is key to extrapolate the PSA O matrix if the expected instrumental set-point temperatures are not reached in flight and can be used for the design and implementation of other polarimetric instruments.Liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) will be used for the first time in a space instrument, the Solar Orbiter mission of the European Space Agency, as polarization states analyzers (PSAs). These devices will determine the Stokes parameters of the light coming from the Sun by temporal polarization modulation, using the so-called modulation matrix O. This is a matrix constituted by the first rows of properly selected PSA Mueller matrices. Calibrating a space instrument, in particular, finding O, is a critical point because in a spacecraft there is no possibility of physical access. Due to the huge difficulty in calibrating the complete instruments in all possible scenarios, a more complete calibration of the individual components has been done in ground in order to make extrapolations to obtain O in-flight. Nevertheless, apart from the individual calibrations, the experimental errors and nonideal effects that inhibit the system to reach the designed and theoretical values must be known. In this work, d...


Recognition by rice plants (Oryza sativa) of the nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae leads to an active response ultimately resulting in local acquired resistance against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. An observable aspect of this defense response is the increased abundance of a set of transcripts. The accumulation of one of these transcripts, Pir7b, was dependent on the function of the bacterial lemA gene, which encodes part of a two-component regulatory system. This suggested that the lemA regulatory system controlled the production of an elicitor of Pir7b transcript accumulation. This elicitor, which we name syringolin, was purified to homogeneity and its structure was elucidated. Syringolin is a novel and unusual secreted peptide consisting of a 12-membered ring formed by the two non-proteinogenic amino acids 5-methyl-4-amino-2-hexenoic acid and 3,4-dehydrolysine. The α-amino group of the latter is connected by a peptide bond to a valine that in turn is linked to a second val...


The origin of the executive powers in any country applies the judgments issued by the courts of this state and does not apply judgments issued by foreign courts, However, the increase in private legal relations across borders and the need for international transactions and imposed by the principle of justice and respect for rights acquitted abroad, All of which prompted States to accept the principle of the implementation of foreign judgments, but on terms established by the legislature in each country for the acceptance of granting foreign rule the executive force in the territory of that State, And that the subject of our research focuses on the international conventions first and on the effects of foreign judicial decision not associated with the decision of implementation.


Introduction 1. Approaching contemporary poetry 2. Approaching the texts 3. Texts and extracts 4. Critical approaches 5. How to write about contemporary poetry 6. Resources.


A Special Meeting, convened in accordance with the Bye-Laws, Chapters XXIII and MVIU, will be held on Wednesday, 6th December, 1972, to consider and vote upon a motion by the Council that a Compounded Life Fellowship Fee be introduced for Fellows eligible under conditions laid down by Council, who desire to compound their annual contributions. The proposal will be moved from the Chair on behalf of Council.


INTRODUCTION: Breast surgery is a subspeciality of general surgery. Improvements in this specific field have implemented to prefer less invasive procedures such as breast sparing surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) instead of radical or modified radical surgery.
OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to investigate the differences of preferred surgery between breast surgeons (BS) and non-breast surgeons (NBS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty two patients that underwent breast surgery between January 2011 and December 2011 in Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine were included in this retrospective study. Surgeons were divided into two groups as breast surgeons (Group 1) and non-breast surgeons (Group 2). Diagnostic approach to a primary lesion, the proportion of breast sparing surgery, treatment of the axilla, and the number of immediate reconstructions were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: One hundred eighty patients were present in Group 1, and 52 patients were present in Group 2. The median age was 53, 5 (26-86) for Group 1 and 52, 3 (23-81) for Group 2. Diagnosing the primary lesion with frozen examination was 0 in Group 1, and 10 in Group 2 (19, 2%). Breast sparing surgery proportions were 46, 6% for Group 1 and 26, 9% for Group 2. The proportions of sentinel lymph node identification were 98, 8% (121/123) in Group 1 and 73, 3% (11/15) in Group 2. In Group 1, axillary dissection was only performed in clinically or pathologically axilla positive patients; whereas in Group 2, axillary dissection was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy in 10 patients who were clinically axilla negative. The number of immediate reconstructions were 6 (6, 2%) in Group 1, and 1 (2, 6%) in Group 2.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that modern techniques such as breast sparing surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and immediate reconstructions have been more preferred by breast surgeons than non-breast surgeons. Therefore, we presume that surgeons who are working specifically in the breast prefer less invasive and more cosmetic procedures.


Sustainable consumption . . . needs to be a priority area for development. This is not an easy task for industrialized countries, whose economic growth has been based on consumption and which have until now focused their consumer societies on consumer protection and choice. Since the recent, very tangible manifestations of the multiple crises in our economic, environmental, and social systems, there is increasing recognition of the need to change how we do things. This has led to the more regular use of words such as transition, transformation, and eco-innovation, especially in areas of environmental and industrial research but also in economic contexts. This is very good news if, behind these words of renewal, people intend to address the fundamental problems in the systems and mentalities that helped to create the crises in the first place. In our view, these fundamental issues should be tackled in international policy programs such as the United Nation's Green Economy Initiative or its Ten Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP).1 One important change in mentality can be characterized as a mental shift from 20th-century to 21st-century realities and the subsequent types of solutions one can identify. The 20th century was marked by expansion—of knowledge, wealth, use of resources, human population, and markets. Since the Industrial Revolution, the accepted approach to expansion has been based on