A centrifugal test of a geogrid reinforced embankment with lime-stabilized soil as backfill on soft clay was conducted to investigate the reinforcement mechanisms. A finite element model was developed to simulate the centrifugal test based on the test dimensions. Verifications of the numerical model were taken by comparing the numerical results with the measurements obtained from the centrifugal test, and it was found that both were in good agreement.


This paper proposes a new reference frame, namely Reduced Reference Frame (RRF), specially suited for unbalanced three–phase four–wire systems which improves the performance of the classical Fortescue, Clarke and Park transformations. The RRF transfomation allows to represent any unbalanced three–phase sinusoidal magnitude with just two components even if the zero–sequence component is present. For doing so, the RRF transformation takes into account that the abc space–vector trajectory of the transformed three–phase sinusoidal magnitude is always within a plane. The geometric properties of this trajectory are considered for outlining a general classification of the transformation depending on the input voltages and an adequate reference frame within the plane. Then, a step–by–step procedure for computing the transformation matrix is detailed. Once the voltages and currents are transformed into the RRF, it is proposed a power theory which allows to compute the instantaneous active and reactive powers. The paper includes two simulations and an experimental validation through a real–time application to highlight the benefits of the proposal. The paper closes with the main conclusions and some future research lines where this transformation can be applied.


The classical form of the Navier-Stokes equations system, which is derived from the principle of conservation of mass and momentum, describes the motion of a homogeneous fluid subject to a field of external forces. In this work, we develop a study to find the maximal interval of existence of solutions in time to the Navier-Stokes equations in a three dimensional thin domain, i.e., Ω = ω × (0, ∈), where ω ⊂ R² e ∈  ∈ (0, 1), considering different combinations of boundary conditions.


This paper examines the fluid and de-centered nature of race and racial identity and advances the theory of racial identity transformation. By using college survey data on racial identity and reported racial ancestry, the theory of racial identity transformation is discussed and developed in this paper. The study first begins with a critical analysis of the government's definition of race, substantiating that racial transformation has been directed towards continuously expanding the definitional boundaries of the white race. The process of identifying individuals' race has also gone through various administrative changes and modifications, making it easier to claim white identity. While census takers were historically responsible for data collection and determination of one's race, the post-1960 census allowed individuals to designate their own racial identity. I argue that the relaxation of the identification methods further expanded racial boundaries and the cultural terrain for the mass-production of "whites" - as if they were "cloned" by statutory designations.My analysis supports the continuingly expansive terrain of white identity, and the present paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework, especially in relation to the whiteness, in which the selectivity of white identity then fosters a kind of game schemes that people routinely engage in fanning their own racial identity - the selection and deselection of identity based on their perception of societal costs, benefits, and risks in a given situation and socio-cultural setting in their everyday interactions.


The design and implementation of interface units for high speed Fiber Optic Local Area Networks and Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks are discussed. During the last years, a number of network adapters that are designed to support high speed communications have emerged. This approach to the design of a high speed network interface unit was to implement package processing functions in hardware, using VLSI technology. The VLSI hardware implementation of a buffer management unit, which is required in such architectures, is described.


Disclosed is a method and apparatus for employing, in a lateral flow assay, multiple control lines to assist in improv ing the Sensitivity of Such an assay. Analytes of interest may be quantified in a lateral flow assay by conducting internally derived calibrations by quantifying the analyte and calibrat ing the assay device, at essentially the same time, on the Same device. That is, calibration and Sample testing may occur Simultaneously, improving Sensitivity, and reducing errors that otherwise may be introduced by comparing data produced in one assay with data or reference data produced in a different assay. A multi-point calibration technique may be employed. Visual spectrophotographic reading devices may be employed to compare intensity of Signals generated by probes attached to the analyte with probes associated with control lines upon a calibration Zone.


The paper observes the paradox of cooperation as a problem of rational behavior of an individual in a social group or an organization from the perspective of universum sociological theory of rationality. Such an approach allows acknowledging of the paradox of cooperation phenomenon as not a paradox, but a correlation of different types of rationality in behavior of members of the group or organization. This ratio characterizes the current existence and development of the group or organization and reveals levels of precooperative, cooperative and post-cooperative behavior of individuals.


Dear Editor,

I have read the article of Aytekin et al. (1) titled "The effect of feeding with spoon and bottle on the time of switching to full breastfeeding and sucking success in preterm babies" with interest. In this study, spoon feeding and bottle feeding methods which are used as assistive methods in the period of transition from enteral feeding to breastfeeding were compared. It was found that the time for transition to full breastfeeding was significantly shorter in preterm babies who were spoon-fed compared to the ones who were bottle-fed (p<0.05). Sufficient sucking occurs in the 32–33rd week at the earliest in preterm babies (2). This is related with brain development and central nervous system myelinization (2, 3). In the study of Aytekin et al. (1), the gestational week as corrected age at which the transition from enteral feeding to oral feeding occured was not reported. Instead, it was reported that the body weights were similar in both study groups at the time of onset of breastfeeding and thus both groups had similar maturational behaviors. In preterm babies, increase in body weight may vary depending on addition of fortifiers, development of oral intolerance in the baby and daily amounts of intake of calorie, protein, fat, carbohydrate and other elements (4). Therefore, corrected gestational age should be reported as an indicator of neurological maturation instead of body weight (2, 3).

In preterm babies, detection of pathological conditions including intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) which may occur while development of the brain continues is important in terms of follow-up and treatment (3). In previous years, transfontanel ultrasonography (TFUS) screening was recommended for babies born before the 30th gestational week, whereas it has been recommended that this screening should be performed in all babies up to the 36th gestational week in recent years (5). In a study performed by Ballardini et al. (5), the TFUS findings of babies born at the 33–36th gestational age were examined retrospectively. Pathological TFUS finding (PVL, ICH, subependimal cyst, sinus vein thrombosis) was detected in 13% of a total of 724 babies. The most common finding was reported as PVL. It was reported that 78 (83%) of these patients who were found to have pathology were asymptomatic and 19 (20%) had no risk factor. In the study of Aytekin et al. (1), it was reported that babies who had no congenital malformation which would lead to asphyxia and affect respiration, who had spontaneous respiration and who had no cranial hemorrhage or hyperbilirubinenia which would require exchange transfusion were included in the study. However, it was not reported if TFUS was performed or not. Considering that PVL can develop even in patients whithout risk factors or marked neurological finding, it is not clear if the patient group of Aytekin et al. (1) had PVL which could interrupt development of sucking ability.

In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that the sucking ability in preterm babies is related with gestational age and each baby should be evaluated according to his/her own gestational week. In addition, it should be kept in mind that brain imaging should be performed in order to detect pathological conditions including PVL which would disrupt the natural process in neurological maturation in preterm babies.


The objective of this study was to determine the anticancer and apoptotic effects of a novel oleanolic acid methyl vanillate derivative in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). We also evaluated effect of the compound on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. MTT and LDH assay were used to evaluate the effect of this compound on HeLa cancer cell cytotoxicity. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry evaluated the effect on apoptosis induction, while as ROS production was detected by using fluorescent CM-DCFH2-DA. The compound induced potent cytotoxic effects in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent as well as time-dependent manner. The compound also induced characteristic morphological changes indicative of apoptosis. The compound induced both early and late apoptosis in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The compound led to a significant and concentration dependent increase in the ROS production as the concentration of oleanolic acid methyl vanillate derivative was increased from 0 to 15, 60 and 120 μM.


Research summary
Startups often compete with diversifying entrants in the technology race to define dominant designs, which can be platform technology-based or non-platform technology-based. However, little research has examined the relative risk of technological exits for startups vs. diversifying entrants in such 'dominance battles.' We develop a contingency framework that links a firm's technology exit to its pre-entry experience and the characteristics of the dominance battle. With a sample of 134 technologies involved in 31 dominance battles in the information technology industry from 1979 to 2007, we show that technologies of startups were more likely than those of diversifying entrants to exit from platform technology-based dominance battles; however, this relationship did not exist in non-platform technology-based dominance battles, or after the emergence of dominant designs.

Managerial summary
How can a startup that tries to create a dominant design strategize to survive the fierce technology race? This study demonstrates that choosing the right battlefield is of paramount importance. Two aspects of a battlefield are shown as relevant: the type of technology and the stage of industrial evolution. Our results show that technologies sponsored by startups tend to have higher exit rates than those sponsored by diversifying entrants in dominance battles characterized by platform technologies, but this penalty is not evident in dominance battles characterized by non-platform technologies or after the emergence of dominant designs. Furthermore, our study suggests that lack of organizational legitimacy, complementary assets, and integrative capabilities may explain why startups have a higher risk of technology exit than diversifying entrants.


The Fifty Years' Research on the Red Flag Pedigree has been three climaxes: during first period,people had paid close attention to the writings epoch background,subject,characters and the understanding significance;after Great Cultural Revolution till 1985,the second climax had arrived.Researchers had paid more attention to the writings artistic style,version and the story constitute.The last century final years until this century initial years,it had became the third climax.There have been many new researches,such as narratologie,culture and aesthetics analysis.It can say that the Red Flag Pedigree research come to the field from single test analysis to the different aspects and depth extents intersect discipline.


The invention provides an indoor double-layered positioning method for a walker. The indoor double-layered positioning method for the walker includes the following steps of lower-layer filtering: judging whether a detected object is in a static state or not in the present moment according to a preset static detecting mode, calculating mobile position coordinate information of the present moment, performing error state biased estimation and acquiring calibrated mobile position coordinate information of the present moment if the detected object is in the static state, and continuing judging if the detected object is not in the static state; upper-layer filtering: finding out finished moment of a zero velocity stage in the present moment, performing preset correction on the calibrated mobile position coordinate information of the present moment in the finished moment, acquiring a first difference, comparing the first difference with a second difference between the calibrated mobile position coordinate information of the present moment and calibrated mobile position coordinate information of a previous moment, detecting that the walker walks anticlockwise or clockwise in the present moment, and performing anticlockwise or clockwise correction if the walker walks anticlockwise or clockwise in the present moment. By the indoor double-layered positioning method for the walker, indoor positioning precision based on an inertial sensor is higher.


Abstract The Cu ingot from Velem contains approximately 10 wt.% Sb, 4.5 wt.% As, 1.2 wt.% S and Ag, as well as other trace elements in an amount below 0.2 percent by weight. A Cu2S band running virtually across the entire width of the ingot suggests that it was formed by the reaction of molten Cu with antimonite (Sb2S3). Remarkably, the generated cutting surface was not copper-colored but had a silvery appearance which, however, can be attributed to the high Sb content. The metallographic examinations revealed a very inhomogeneous structural composition of the ingot. Large areas consist of dendritically solidified Cu, while the interdendritic areas are characterized by mixtures of different phases of the elements Cu-Sb-As-S.


Nanomaterials (NMs) and technology is the present research theme in prosthodontics. The small‐sized nanoparticles have distinct properties that enable to use in wider applications. An increased number of in vitro studies have been done in nano‐prosthodontics that produced significant results, and progressive research has been attained.[1,2] Although significant advantages exist in nanoresearch, investigation lacks in the dimension of biological interaction. The cellular absorption, intercellular pathways, mechanisms of action, toxicity, and bio‐interactions with tissues and organs have not been extensively studied, and this limits its clinical usage.[3]


Two stage exchange has been the gold standard in north America for the treatment of infected knee replacements. The choice of static versus articulated spacers has been debated for a number of years. At our institution our choice of spacer for 2 stage exchanges is an articulated spacer. This allows motion between stages which facilitates recovery, and makes the second stage technically easier. In a study from our institution we followed 115 infected TKAs treated with the PROSTALAC articulated spacer for 5–9 years. Success for eradication of infection was 88%. With a repeat two stage overall infection control was 98%. In addition we compared functional outcomes to a group of aseptic knee revisions and found no difference in functional outcomes with standard quality of life outcome scores. While the articulated spacers was our treatment of choice in 2 stage exchange around 2012 the company that manufactured the PROSTALAC knee components ceased to manufacture them. At that time based on the work of 2 previous studies (Hofmann, Lee), at our institution we continued to use articulated spacers. However, this was now the so called Hofmann technique with a new standard femoral component with an all polyethylene tibia. The only difference from a standard knee revision was no stems and the utilization of high dose antibiotics. We also followed the principles from Europe of one stage exchange, such as wide debridement and soaking in dilute betadine for 15 minutes. More recently as of Sept 2015 we have used an all-polyethylene tibia with a keel. The hope being that this will give a more stable tibia than previous and perhaps make a second stage unnecessary. Our first case was September 2015. The intention was not to do a second stage if the infection was eradicated and the patient had good pain relief and function. To date we have implanted 12 of these and in all cases we have not had to do a second stage revision. Further study will reveal where this inadvertent one stage fits in our practice.


Abstract This study examined the sexual messages depicted in music videos aired on MTV, MTV2, BET, and GAC from August 2, 2004 to August 15, 2004. One-hour segments of music videos were taped daily for two weeks. Depictions of sexual attire and sexual behavior were analyzed via a four-page coding sheet (interrater-reliability = .93). Results indicated that there were 39,559 depictions of female sexual attire (M = 278.58 per video, SD = 626.93) and 3,032 depictions of male sexual attire (M = 21.35 per video, SD = 55.14). There were 7,291 depictions of sexual behavior for females (M = 51.35 per video, SD = 135.07) compared to 2,511 sexual behaviors for males (M =17.68 per video, SD = 40.35). Female sexual attire and sexual behavior were displayed more frequently than male sexual attire and sexual behavior. Sexual attire and sexual behavior were displayed significantly more frequently on BET than on MTV, MTV2, or GAC. Music videos on BET scored an average of 758.88 sexual depictions per video, followed by MTV with an average of 206.75 sexual depictions per video. Potential implications of these results and recommendations for future research are offered.


The first synchrotron‐radiation beam emerging from the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory's (SSRL) wiggler magnet was successfully steered into a newly completed experimental hall earlier this year, and it is now in regular operation during colliding‐beam runs at the SPEAR electron‐positron storage ring, in which the wiggler is installed. The wiggler shifts the synchrotron radiation spectrum emerging from SPEAR toward harder x rays and increases its overall intensity by about a factor of 6. Furthermore it makes a useful x‐ray flux available even when SPEAR operates at low energy (<2.5 GeV), as it does 80% of the time. According to SSRL deputy director Herman Winick, these increases in available flux and time should do much to reduce the backlog of experimenters waiting to use SSRL beams for x‐ray spectroscopy, biochemistry, crystallography and an increasing variety of other fields.


In this chapter the reader is guided through the construction of the core theory of Branching Space-Times. This discursive approach culminates in proposing a set of postulates that a structure of the core theory of Branching Space-Times (common BST) has to satisfy. The theory's basic notion is that of a set of events, partially ordered by a pre-causal relation. Histories are then defined as maximal directed subsets of the base set. The chapter proves essential facts about histories and the postulates that the core of BST is assumed to satisfy. Among other things, it proves the so-called M-property that determines how any two point event in a common BST structure are related.


Contact analysis function provide by the MSC.Marc is used to ensure the continuity of the displacements and strain of every points at the two sides of interface between dense and loose meshes. Corrdination relations between nodes can be ignored in pre_processing. In this way, the transition of 3D FEM is as easy as playing with toy bricks, greatly simplifying the pre_processing work and shortening the time for mesh partitioning. The automatic partitioning of the FEM is also simplified on this basis.


Because many investors depend on sell-side equity analysts' forecasts and recommendations, the reliability of this information is critical to the investment decision-making process. Although research shows that sell-side analysts can add value in some areas, research also indicates that the accuracy of some information is suspect and that analysts' decisions may be compromised by behavioral biases. Investors can take advantage of the fact that some analyst biases may be predictable and can use this knowledge to distinguish between credible and dubious analysis.


Compressional-wave velocity, wet-bulk density, and porosity were measured on sediments and rocks recovered from Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 515B and 516F. Wet-bulk densities were measured by both gravimetric and GRAPE methods. Velocities were measured on trimmed samples with the Hamilton frame velocimeter. The shipboard measurement techniques are discussed in the explanatory notes chapter (Coulbourn, this volume) and are described in detail by Boyce (1976a). Only the shipboard measurements are reported here. The results of shore-based laboratory studies of the physical properties of the carbonates and basalts from Hole 516F can be found in Carlson and others (this volume) and Gebhard and Carlson (this volume). Mechanical properties of the sediments are discussed in Walton and others (this volume) and Faas and Crocket (this volume).


[Objective] To study the ultrastructural changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis(HPGA) in carbon disulfide(CS2) treated rats and the interventional effect of nitric oxide(NO).[Methods]Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as: control,CS2,sodium nitroprusside(SNP) intervention and N-methyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) intervention groups.Three experimental groups were treated with 1250mg/m3 CS2 by inhalation for 10 weeks,2h/d,5d/w.Two intervention groups received intraperitoneal injection of SNP(5mg/kg),a nitric oxide donor,and L-NMMA(2mg/kg),a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor,once a day for 10 days before the end of CS2 exposure.Then ultramicropathology technique was used to observe the ultrastructure of hypothalami,pituitaries and testes isolated from rats.[Results]CS2 induced swelling of hypothalamic neurons,gonadotropin cells,growth hormone cells and sertoli cells in male rats as well as widened endoplasmic reticulum.SNP reduced the effects of CS2 on ultrastructural changes;however L-NMMA enhanced the effects.[Conclusion]CS2 could induce ultrastructural changes of hypothalamus,pituitary and testis in male rats,which is mediated through NO.


Introduction: Forced-response in Internet-based surveys is one solution to item nonresponse in population science research, but forced-response can inflate dropout rate and introduce bias. As a result, forced-response has been described as a trade-off between data quantity and data quality. Studies have examined the effect of forced-response in subjective, self-report data. The impact of forced-response on objective assessment is not clear. This study explores the effect of forced-response on completion rate in an objective, Internet-based survey.
 Procedure: The 29-item questionnaire, which was hosted on Qualtrics, used multiple-choice items to assess health education students' health literacy knowledge. The instrument was programmed in forced-response mode so respondents had to provide an answer to a question before they could advance to the next question. Links to the instrument were distributed through participants' institutional emails. All participants who completed the questionnaire received a $10 gift card. Metadata were extracted and analyzed with SPSS Version 25.
 Results: Of approximately 844 students who were invited to participate in the survey, 521 clicked on the link and were taken to the screening page. Almost 50% of students (n=234) were screened out because they did not match eligibility criteria. The final eligible sample was composed of 287 participants, 46 of whom did not complete the questionnaire. Of the 46 eligible participants who did not complete the study, 14 (30%) dropped out after completing the screeners and another 25 (55%) dropped out in the first half of the questionnaire. Items associated with the highest rates of dropout were Item 3 (n=10), which asked about the relationship between health literacy and years of schooling; Item 6 (n=4), which asked about consequences of low health literacy; and item 13 (n=3), which assessed respondents' knowledge of the use of Test of Functional Health literacy. Completion rate for the survey was 83.9%. When the 14 participants who dropped out before encountering the forced-response format were excluded from the analysis, the completion rate increased to 88.3%.
 Conclusion: Results of our study suggest forced-response may be useful in generating quantity data without compromising quality. Completion rate in this study is comparable to completion rates (80% - 97%) in other studies that did not employ forced-response. A limitation of this work is that we did not examine reactance to determine if answers were random or a true reflection of respondents' knowledge. It will be useful for future population science research to utilize mixed methods to explore how forcing responses affects response accuracy when survey questions are objective and delivered via electronic platforms.
 Citation Format: Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Kimlin Ashing, Lisako McKyer. Effect of forced-response on completion rate in objective Internet-based health survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.


The safe operation of distribution network line makes direct influence on the residents.The most important task of electric power company is to improve the health operation of distribution network line and ensure the constant power supply.The equipments in distribution network are wide varieties.The grid structure is complicated.The power line is long.The distribution is wide.And people who in charge of the equipments are limited.The current way to learn the running mode of the power line is by inspecting every line and equipment.Based on this kind of inspection style and to finish the routine inspection task,the power line operation will be scamp work and stint material.And this is lead to lower the quality of the inspection.This article analyzes the limitations of current line inspection and describes a scientific method on line inspection.It's going to improve the healthy operation of distribution network line by finding the unsafe risks and timely eliminate the risk.


Most electrophotographic printers use periodic, clustered-dot screening for rendering smooth and stable prints. However, when used for color printing, this approach suffers from the problem of periodic moire´ resulting from interference between the periodic halftones of individual color planes. There has been proposed an approach, called CLU-DBS for stochastic, clustered-dot halftoning and screen design based on direct binary search. We propose a methodology to embed a printer model within this halftoning algorithm to account for dot-gain and dot-loss effects. Without accounting for these effects, the printed image will not have the appearance predicted by the halftoning algorithm. We incorporate a measurement-based stochastic model for dot interactions of an electro-photographic printer within the iterative CLU-DBS binary halftoning algorithm. The stochastic model developed is based on microscopic absorptance and variance measurements. The experimental results show that electrophotography-model based stochastic clustered dot halftoning improves the homogeneity and reduces the graini-ness of printed halftone images.


INTRODUCTON The orally administered compacted tablet is the most common and prefered solid unit dosage form for delivering medicaments to patience. Not all the excipient types may be included in a formulation except when expressly needed. Disintegrants bring about tablet matrix breakup in an aqueous medium and are commonly further classified. Nowadays some newer agents have been developed as superdisintegrants. The growing demand for faster and more rapid disintegrating formulations has stimulated pharmacists to develop what the industry is calling "superdisintegrants". These derivatives are developed to have greater effectiveness even at low concentrations. Superdisintegrants function principally by swelling on absorbing water. ABSTRACT Oral route is the most common route for administration of solid dosage form, about 85% of solid dosage administered by oral route. Disintegration plays major role in improving the drug activity. Disintegrants are substances added to the drug formulation that increase the breakup of the tablet or capsule into smaller particles in aqueous environment that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. Nowadays some newer agents have been developed known as Superdisintegrants. Superdisintegrants are the substances, which facilitate the faster disintegration with smaller quantity in contrast to disintegrants. These are of two type's natural and synthetic superdisintegrants. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 110% by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. These are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage form. Examples of superdisintegrants are sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, Gellan gum etc.


With the advancement of technology, new methods and work routines were developed. Only in 1970 did the home office appear, which consists of carrying out professional activities outside the organizational environment. This work consists of analyzing the positive and negative impacts of the home office for companies and employees, identifying the difference between traditional work and home office, the changes needed to perform work remotely, the laws that govern this work methodology and evaluating the home office during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which required the re-adaptation of social, professional and health habits. It is concluded that the disadvantages of home office work are greater due to psychological damage and their precarious working conditions


Nutrient concentrations and ruminal degradability of the crude protein (CP) of selected browse forages consumed by goats in east–central Namibia were studied. All forages varied signifi cantly (P<0.05) in the parameters studied. Crude protein (mean 17.9±0.64% DM) ranged from 11.6 to 26.2% in Terminalia sericea and Acacia refi ciens leaves, respectively. Total condensed tannins (TCTs) were low and ranged between 0.39 and 4.21% DM. Neutral detergent fi bre (NDF), with a mean value of 41.5±0.84% DM, was lowest (30.9%) and highest (58.3%) in the parasitic plant Tapinanthus oleifolius growing on Acacia mellifera and Lonchocarpus nelsii leaves, respectively. The same forages had, similarly, the lowest (22.5% DM) and highest (38.7% DM) acid detergent fi bre (ADF) values. Acacia hebeclada leaves had the least (6.31% CP) soluble (a) feed protein (mean 9.11± 0.36% CP), while A. refi ciens had the most (13.5% CP) soluble feed protein. The potentially degradable fraction (b) of the feed protein ranged between 72.1 and 83.6% CP. Leaves from A. hebeclada had the highest rumen undegradable protein (rUDP) content (mean 6.75±0.23% DM) of 9.69%, while those of T. sericea had the lowest value (4.07%) for the same parameter. Terminalia sericea had also the lowest (7.31% DM) effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), which was highest (17.8% DM) in A. refi ciens leaves. Generally, the most preferred forages had high CP, rUDP and ERDP contents and low tannin levels, while the parasitic plants were low in fi bres and, correspondingly, high in total digestible nutrients (TDN). It was concluded that the browse forages in the study area have low tannin levels and the necessary quality to promote goat productivity even under in-door feeding conditions.


Mortalin, the mitochondrial hsp70, is a vital constitutively expressed heat shock protein. Its elevated expression has been correlated with malignant transformation and poor cancer prognosis. Cancer cells exhibit increased resistance to complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, partly due to their capacity to eliminate the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) from their cell surface. As we have previously reported, mortalin and the complement membrane attack complexes are released in membrane vesicles from complement attacked cells. As shown here, knock down of mortalin with specific siRNA reduces MAC elimination and enhances cell sensitivity to MAC‐induced cell death. Similar results were obtained with MKT‐077, a cationic rhodacyanine dye that inhibits mortalin. Treatment of human erythroleukemia K562 and colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells with MKT‐077 sensitizes them to cell death mediated by MAC but not by streptolysin O. Pre‐treatment of cells with MKT‐077 also reduces the extent of MAC‐mortalin vesiculation following a sublytic complement attack. In the presence of MKT‐077, the direct binding of mortalin to complement C9, the major MAC component, is inhibited. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a known mortalin client protein. The effect of MKT‐077 on complement‐mediated lysis of HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/− cells was found to be independent on the presence of p53. Our results also demonstrate that recombinant human mortain inhibits complement‐mediated hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes as well as zinc‐induced C9 polymerization. We conclude that mortalin supports cancer cell resistance to complement‐dependent cytotoxicity and propose consideration of mortalin as a novel target for cancer adjuvant immunotherapy.


This article has task to inform a reader of uncertainties of measurement in laboratory of light, especially in integrating sphere. In the first part there are mathematical descriptions of different types of uncertainties, including the methodology for their determination. The second part is focused on detailed description of particular standard uncertainties for measurement of the luminous flux in an integrating sphere. The last section provides practical calculations and results of standard uncertainties as a wavelength function.


We present a novel mixture of links model to segment an object observed from multiple viewpoints. Each component in this mixture represents a temporal linkage between superpixels from all the viewpoints, hence expressing the inter-view consistency. The principle goal is to find the maximum a posterior estimate of appearance models and the exact bounding-box of object in each view. To this end, the segmentation is casted as finding more comprehensive and accurate samples using the mixture of links model. In contrast to most existing multi-view co-segmentation methods that rely on time-consuming 3D information, our method only uses 2D cues to achieve faster speed without decreasing the accuracy. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the utility of the arterial-venous PCO2 gradient (P(a-v)CO2) as a marker of the increased risk of postoperative complications in the early postoperative hours following myocardial revascularization.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Prospective study.

SETTING
The Postoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a University Hospital.

PATIENTS
Thirty patients (28 males and 2 females; aged 39-70) that consecutively underwent myocardial revascularization.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASURES
Thirty minutes following arrival at the ICU the hemodynamic parameters were recorder; the arterial and mixed venous hemogasanalyses were obtained; the mixed venous blood hemoglobin saturation (SvO2) and the O2 consumption (VO2) were calculated; and plasma lactate was determined. The arterial and mixed venous hemogasanalyses were determined again 90 minutes after the admission to the ICU.

RESULTS
P(a-v)CO2 at 30 minutes was 8.1+/-2.3 mmHg and was only slightly lower at 90 minutes (7.5+/-2.3 mmHg) so that any significant influence of patient transport to the ICU could be ruled out. P(a-v)CO2 did not significantly relate with cardiac index, mixed venous blood O2 saturation, and blood lactate. Twenty-one patients (70%) showed P(a-v)CO2 values higher than 7 mmHg at 30 minutes: in comparison with the others they were characterized by higher arterial blood PCO2 (PACO2) (37+/-5 vs 32+/-3 mmHg; p<0.05) in spite of similar ventilatory variables, by higher mixed venous blood PCO2 (PVCO2) (47+/-6 vs 37+/-3 mmHg; p<0.01), and by lower cardiac index values (2.0+/-0.3 vs 2.3+/-0.6 1/min/m2; p<0.05). The patients that presented abnormally high P(a-v)CO2 values showed a higher rate of postoperative complications, including inadequate cardiac performance, cardiac arrhythmias, prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased plasma creatinine, and jaundice (11 patients out of 21 vs 1 patient out of 9; p<0.05). Finally P(a-v)CO2 was related with arterial-mixed venous O2 content difference (regarded as an index of O2 consumption), hematocrit, blood temperature and PACO2 by multiple linear regression (R=0.74; p<0.01). The coefficients of all factors but hematocrit were significant; hence, apart from the cardiac index, P(a-v)CO2 was influenced by the metabolic rate, the body temperature (possibly because of CO2 release during rewarming), and the impaired CO2 elimination through the lungs.

CONCLUSIONS
P(a-v)CO2 represents a useful even if aspecific parameter to monitor patients during the early postoperative period after myocardial revascularization.


In the previous paper, we developed equations of motion for analyzing the dynamic behavior of crawler-type vehicles during straight propelling on soft ground and firm ground. In this paper, the experimental tests were carried out in order to verify the validity of the simulation model, The power shovel, a typical example of the crawler-type vehicles is used in the tests. We measured the dynamic characteristic of the soil for the characteristic of the settlement and the shear that considered hysteresis. The results of experimental tests are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The dynamic behavior of the vehicles, the dynamic ground pressure and so on, are determined.


The invention relates to an activating agent of specific productivity of recombinant animal cells and defined culture media containing it. This agent consists of a polyvinylpyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of at least 2500 and optionally further contains a copolymer of ethylene oxide and average molecular weight of propylene oxide of about 1100 and 8500. Application: activation of the selective production of IL-producing CHO-2 cells.


In this paper, MJ3310A band saw machine as the research object, through the Beijing VIBSYS vibration signal acquisition and analysis software illumination value analysis, analysis of different circumstances to find good and crack band saw blade illumination value of the law. The results show that the illuminance of the cracked band saw blade is significantly higher than that of the complete band saw blade illumination value. Under the optimum working conditions, if the band saw blade illumination value exceeds 286 Lux, it can be determined that the band saw blade has at least one crack length greater than 1.68 mm Of the defects, the need for timely replacement band saw blade. So as to rational use of band saw blade, band saw blade on-line fault diagnosis provides a technical basis.


Polysomnography (level 1) is an important test for evaluating sleep status or disorder. In general, measured raw data of polysomnography is manually scored by sleep expert. However, manual scoring is a time-consuming and labor-intensive work. The purpose of this study was to verify the accuracy of automated sleep stage scoring based on the neural network algorithm compared to the manual sleep stage scoring.

 A total 604 polysomnography data set of subjects (Male: Female = 409: 195) aged 19 to 60 years were finally included in the study. The performance of proposed model was evaluated with kappa and bootstrapped point-estimated of median percent agreement with 95% percentile bootstrap confidence interval with R=1000. The proposed model is trained with 484 data set and validated with 48 data set. For test, 72 data set are randomly selected.

 The proposed model showed good concordance rates in stage W (94%), N1 (83.9%), N2 (89%), N3 (92%) and R (93%) between automated neural network algorithm and manual scoring. The average kappa value was 0.85. In bootstrap method, high overall agreements of automated neural network algorithm were found in stage W (98%), N1 (94%), N2 (92%), N3 (99%), R (98%) and total (96%).

 Automated sleep stage scoring using proposed model - StageNet may be a reliable method for sleep stage classification.


Through discussing the demand of Tourism English talents with the rapid development of "entry-exit tour",this article proposes that the current situation of Tourism English teachers needs an urgent change and improvement.According to the requirements and features of training applied Tourism English talents,it illustrates different ways to promote vocational Tourism English teachers' practical ability,such as updating educational concept,increasing job training,strengthening the college-enterprise cooperation,etc.


Reconnaissance geologic mapping of south-central Oregon is being done by the U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, as part of a larger program to prepare a geologic map of the eastern half of the state. Current work in south-central Oregon is limited geographically to the eastern half


The temperature dependence of the overall rate constant for the C3H7O2 + NO reaction and the rate constant for the minor branching channel resulting in the production of i-C3H7ONO2 have been measur...


In this paper, a multi-scale local texture descriptor is proposed for an image forgery detection framework. In the framework, first, an input image is decomposed into chromatic channel. Then, undecimated wavelet transform is applied to the channel to extract lower subband. Inspired by the Weber's Law, the proposed multi-scale local texture descriptor, called Weber pattern (WP), is calculated from the subband. The WP histogram is considered as the feature of the image. Support vector machine is used as a classifier in the framework. Experimental results on different image datasets show the superiority, in terms of accuracy, of the proposed method over two other contemporary methods in image forgery detection.


List of Tables and Figures - Preface - PART 1: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - Social Pressure - Social Cognition - Social Roles - Prejudice - PART 2: COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY - Learning - Biopsychology - Ethology - PART 3: HUMAN DIVERSITY - Gender - Measuring Personality - Cultural Diversity - Abnormality - PART 4: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY - Attachment - Moral Development - The Classic Approaches - Communication - PART 5: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Memory - Perception - Mind - PART 6: HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY - Stress and Coping - Health Behaviour - PART 7: METHODOLOGY - Frameworks and Approaches - Glossary - Bibliography - Inde x


The theory of optimal control and the theory of observers is applied to the design of feedback systems for longitudinal control of vehicles in automated, high-capacity transit systems. The resulting controllers require only measurement of position and velocity errors and excellent dynamic response is achieved for mainline operation, for merging and demerging from stations, for maneuvering at intersections, and for emergency stopping.


Various methods are being proposed to reduce the usage of lighting energy in buildings. However, those methods are not being applied practically due to issues such as external environmental factors. Therefore, this study analyzed the existing lighting energy conservation systems to propose a system that applies biomimicry as a method to supplement vulnerabilities. As a method of analysis, the concept and cases of light shelf systems. second, study on the concept of biomimicry and life forms evolved by adapting to the external environment. third a triple light shelf system with applied biomimicry is proposed and the architectural application method is analyzed and studied. As a result a triple light shelf system applying biomimicry is proposed. In conclustion the existing light shelf system cannot respond to the external environment. Meanwhile, the triple light shelf system with applied biomimicry which imitates life forms that adapt and evolve according to the external environment can respond immediately to the outside environment of the building, and it is expected to establish a pleasant environment for people indoors as well as to bring lighting energy reduction effects in the building


In a crowded, competitive, research marketplace, association with the latest high-status brands and must-have products is crucial. Have we, and are we, adapting our qualitative inquiry to be associated with these leading brands and products? Addressing this requires adding some connections (+s) to our thinking about our qualitative inquiry and its interfaces with the research marketplace, such as those between funding, methods, publications, promotion, and tenure. Understanding the complexity of these connections enables us to decide which to ignore, negate, or embrace, and works against normalization of adaptive versions of qualitative inquiry shaped by the research marketplace.


The article discusses the application of relationship marketing in tourism industry. Based on the tourism development plan of Shangrao city, Jiangxi province, the article points out that the central point of relationship marketing is forming customer friendship. To this end, it is necessary to have a comprehensive QA (quality assurance) system, providing extra services and various bonus, preferential policies for 'returned customers', customized marketing, establishing tourist servicing chain, setting up information system and participating in welfare activities, etc. The author also puts forward 10 technical points in exercising relationship marketing in tourism industry.


The 2D: 4D digit ratio, the ratio of the length of the second finger to the length of the fourth finger, is often considered a proxy for testosterone exposure in utero. A recent study reported, among other things, an association between the left-hand 2D:4D and self-employment in a sample of 974 adults. In this preregistered study, we replicate the 2D:4D results on a sample of more than 2100 adults from the German Socioeconomic Panel-Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS). We find no statistically significant associations between 2D:4D and self-employment.


The airglow studies were initiated in July 1961 in response to the discovery of unusual phenomena in the tropical airglow as observed from Algeria. Hawaii, being the southern-most area in the United States and within the tropics, and possessing high mountains with frequent clear skies well isolated from the contaminating light and dust of civilization, appeared to be an ideal location for establishing a tropical airglow station. The University of Hawaii was already developing the Mees Solar Laboratory on Haleakala on the island of Maui, so that the addition of a night sky observatory was a natural development. The collection of data covers a span of about seven and one-half years, including the minimum of the solar cycle in 1963 and just getting into the next maximum in 1968-69. It was unfortunate that financial limitations did not permit the continuation of the observations through one complete solar cycle.


References to Heraclitus and his simile of the river into which one cannot step twice occur frequently in the poems of Jorge Luis Borges. Borges understood the river to represent both time and the constantly changing nature of human existence. In this essay I argue that while Borges embraced the reality of change, he also struggled against the threat it posed to our sense of ourselves as enduring entities. For Borges, the similarity between our personal existence and the flowing of a river cannot be the whole story. Both the poetic art and its practitioner have a claim on immortality.


Caudal Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) neurons receive inputs from cardiorespiratory visceral afferents and send projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Acute intermittent optogenetic (AIO) stimulation of caudal NTS induces sympathetic long‐term facilitation (LTF), a progressive increase of sympathetic nerve activity. The contribution of PVN‐projecting NTS neurons to sympathetic LTF is unknown. This study used an intersectional viral approach to test the effects of acute intermittent optogenetic (AIO) stimulation of PVN‐projecting NTS neurons in sympathetic LTF. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and injected rAAV2/Ef1a‐DIO‐hchR2(H134R)‐mCherry in the NTS and a retrograde AAV9.hSyn.HI.eGFP‐cre.WPRE.SV40 in the PVN four week prior to LTF experiments. This method was used to induce the CRE dependent expression of channel rhodopsin in PVN‐projecting NTS neurons. To measure LTF, we recorded splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), arterial pressure, and heart rate (HR) in anesthetized (urethane (800mg/kg) and α‐chloralose (80 mg/kg) cocktail delivered by intraperitoneal injection), paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide (20 mg/ml, 0.25 ml/h, iv) and mechanically ventilated adult rats. The caudal NTS was stimulated to induce AIO with a train of 10 stimuli each consisting of pulse of light of 10‐ms duration delivered at 20 Hz for 1 min every 6 min. Twenty minutes after AIO, SSNA amplitude increased by 25.36 ± 24.16% (n=3), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased by 7.43 ± 12.88 mmHg (n=3). During AIO induction, the acute SSNA and MAP varied with some rats demonstrating increases (n=2) or decreases (n=1) of SSNA, MAP, and HR. In other animals (n=3) where AIO decreases SSNA (‐58.96 ± 36.18%) and MAP (‐14.37 ± 8.57 mmHg), we tested the possible contribution of the baroreceptors in these decreases by bilateral muscimol (1–10 pmol/100nL) injections in the Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla (CVLM). AIO stimulation after inhibition of CVLM caused an increase in SSNA (1.293 ± 17.65%) and smaller decrease in MAP (−2.46± 6.2 mmHg). These results suggest that the splanchnic sympathetic LTF induced by acute intermittent stimulation of NTS neurons might be mediated by the PVN‐projecting neurons, although the acute responses may be excitatory or inhibitory. Further study is needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the differences in the cardiovascular and SSNA responses to acute, single optogenetic stimulation of PVN‐projecting NTS neurons. Despite the observed differences in the acute responses, the results indicate that sympathetic LTF can be induced by the optogenetic activation of NTS neurons that project to PVN.


The magnetic susceptibility of UCl4 has been measured in the temperature range 76°—354°K. The molar susceptibility is given by the equation, χmole=1.22/(T+39∘).


This thesis addresses research issues in system level power analysis. In order to evaluate power alternatives in the design space it is necessary to have an efficient tool that allows quick and accurate estimation of power dissipation. This tool should provide the right environment to highlight energy consumers in the chip and can help computer architects to design low power processors, compiler writers to re-target code for low-power, and application developers to compare the power consumption of various algorithms and data structures.
A reasonably accurate high level power estimation tool has been developed which can assist system designers in analyzing power consumption during early stages of the design. This tool operates on the paradigm of simulation and profiling and accepts as input stimuli, instructions of a program and data and outputs, statistics on modules and instructions using pre-characterized energy tables of macro modules. Micro-instruction analysis is used to model the instruction and the overall accuracy per instruction is within 8% of IRSIM-CAP, while being orders of magnitude faster.
Simulation tools at the system level however require accurate and efficient modeling of various underlying hardware macros. Using the average energy value of the macro module during simulation can incur large errors on power consumption. On the other extreme, fully characterized table based energy models of modules can capture the data dependence effects, however the size of the table grows rapidly with the increase in input size. A novel modeling method is developed which clusters the energy transition table under the user defined error (average, RMS, maximum) and coverage sufficiency criterion, reducing the number of table entries. This characterization is only required once for each module. During simulation, energy expenditure is obtained by looking up the energy table using the transition vector.
The DLX simulator is instrumented to account for energy consumption. Programs can be compiled for this machine and evaluated on the instrumented simulator. Effects of different software alternatives such as loop unrolling, software pipelining and recursion elimination and of different algorithms and benchmarks on power and energy consumption are studied using this tool.
A novel compiler level optimization is proposed which reduces the switching activity in the register file decoder and instruction register during the post code generation phase by doing smart register encoding. There is no hardware penalty since this is purely a compiler optimization. Results on some benchmarks show that the energy consumption of the DLX processor can be reduced by 9.82% maximum and 4.25% average.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to electroluminescent devices using ionomeric emitting polymer and which has improved thermal stability by forming ionic crosslinks as the light emitting layer. Ionomeric emitting polymers of the present invention, conjugated, unconjugated or conjugated - In nonconjugated multi-block side chains with conjugated or non-conjugated structure in the main chain having the structure is coupled or bound non-emitting polymer, the main chain or 0.1 to 15% for the light emitting polymer in the side chain (mol / mol) ions in a ratio of is introduced, the main chain or side chain through a linker, or the ionomer form combined with ions without intervention characterized in that it has. Because electroluminescent device using the ionomeric emitting polymers of the present invention as a light-emitting layer has a ionomeric even at a low voltage it can be luminescent, is excellent in thermal stability than the conventional electroluminescent device, in the production of long power-saving circuit life used.


Through recent years of the undergraduate "Computer Graphics" course teaching and thinking,we discussed the implementation of research teaching points from teaching philosophy,teaching methods,teaching contents and knowledge structure,The main objective of education reform is to develop innovative and practical ability of students.In addition,with the field of computer graphics widely used in agriculture,an increase in the content of a number of graphics in agriculture,geographic information systems,and other fields of knowledge,so that the course has gradually formed a basic course of agricultural characteristics.


We regret that the paper 'Rolling contact fatigue in bearings: multiscale overview', by J.-H. Kang, B. Hosseinkhani and P. E. J. Rivera-Diaz-del-Castillo, published in the January 2012 issue of Materials Science and Technology (28, (1), 44–49), originally appeared with an incorrect DOI (10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000059). The correct identifier is 10.1179/174328413X13758854832157. The online version of the paper was amended to incorporate this change on 16 September 2013.


which case there will be many more changes for him to analyze in future. His work in U.P. is most likely far from done. The other perspective that emerges from this set of essays is that of the changes that have taken place in the study of Indian politics over the past quarter-century. Brass's work in the 1960s fits into the concerns of the field at that time with party systems and system stability, reflecting the underlying assumption of behaviorism that there is in the first place an essentially static system that can be studied and analyzed along the lines of animal-behavior studies. However, politics is dynamic rather than static, and the "Congress party system" in U.P. had already begun to unravel just as Brass and others were assembling a description of it. Perhaps on this account his focus shifted in the 1970s toward election studies, where one could concentrate on the dynamics of voting, pinning down the analysis with statistical exactitude.


The long-term atmospheric corrosion behaviors of aluminum alloy 2A12-T3 specimens that are exposed in a dry-hot environment for 3 years were investigated via weight loss measurement, electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) analysis and several surface analytical techniques. The results demonstrated that the thicknesses of corrosion products that were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 years in Turpan were respectively 2.01 µm, 4.99 µm and 7.97 µm. The average corrosion rate of the 2A12-T3 alloy after exposure for 1, 2 and 3 years were 0.62 g·m -2 ·a -1 , 0.42 g·m -2 ·a -1 and 0.34 g·m -2 ·a -1 . With the exposure time extending, the corrosion rate decreased owing to the corrosion products covered on the surfaces. According to the electrochemical measurements, the oxide layer primarily influenced the anodic dissolution process. The corrosion types of the 2A12-T3 alloy are pitting and intergranular corrosion in this environment. The dominate corrosion products were Al 2 O 3 , bayerite (Al(OH) 3 ), boehmite (AlOOH) and AlCl 3 .


In order to investigate the fire behaviors of reinforced concrete(RC) restrained beams during heating and cooling phases,eight restrained RC beams were tested in fire with a cooling phase.The influences of some parameters(such as axial/rotational restraint stiffness,load ratio,and heating time) on deformations and internal forces of the restrained beams were discussed.Test results show that: 1) the axial force in restrained beam subjected to heating and cooling processes increases first and then drops gradually;the residual axial force is significant after the cooling phase,and the maximum axial force ratios of the specimens are range from 0.05 to 0.1;2) the influence of heating time on the mean value of maximum bending moments at the left and right beam ends is limited,implying that the mean value of maximum bending moments reaches within 60 min of heating;and 3) the change of rotational restraint stiffness has little effect on the mean value of maximum additional bending moments at the left and right beam ends.


The ACR has many Awards of Distinction, including the Presidential Gold Medal. Members who wish to nominate a colleague or mentor for an Award of Distinction must complete the online form at www.rheumatology.org. The nomination process includes a letter of nomination, 2 additional letters of recommendation, and a copy of the nominee's curriculum vitae. Recognition as a Master of the American College of Rheumatology is one of the highest honors the ACR bestows. The designation of Master is conferred on ACR members age 65 or older who have made outstanding contributions to the field of rheumatology through scholarly achievements and/or service to their patients, students, and the profession. To nominate someone for a Master designation, members must complete the online nomination form at www.rheumatology. org and include a letter of nomination, 2 supporting letters from voting members of the ACR, and the nominee's curriculum vitae. Nominees for ACR Master must have reached the age of 65 before October 1, 2015.


This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal, adopted on 3 May 2022 and referred to the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE)


The multiplet structures of Co 2+ doped in ZnO, Co 2+ doped in ZnS and Ni 2+ doped in ZnS are calculated from first principles using the recently developed discrete variational-multielectron (DV-ME) method, in which the matrix elements of electron-electron repulsion are calculated numerically using the molecular orbitals obtained by cluster calculations. The transition probabilities between the multiplet states are also calculated from first principles using the many-electron wave functions obtained by the DV-ME calculations. The optical spectra of these materials are well reproduced, indicating that the effects of covalency and configuration interactions are properly taken into account in the present calculations.


Presents the best satellite constellation covering a specific area obtained though analyzing typical constellation designs of mobile satellite communication systems, for regional coverage, zonal coverage and global coverage,and using circular polar orbit or inclined circular orbit and proves that the zonal coverage satellite constellation design method considering relationship of the satellites phases between different orbits is well advanced.


In biomedical and health care applications, classification examination is extensively used to help diagnose health problems, decision making and enhance standards of patient care. Feature selection is a significant data preprocessing method in classification problems. Training of the data is achieved by using a subset dataset from the UCI biomedical database. If the training dataset comprises inappropriate features, classification analysis resulted in inaccurate and incomprehensible results. In data mining, feature subset selection is data pre-processing phase that is of enormous importance. In this paper, for selecting a minimum number of features K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier is presented with a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) to obtain good classification precision. The proposed method is applied to three UCI medical data sets and is compared with other feature selection approach available in the literature. Results demonstrate that the feature subset recognized by the presented MPSO with KNN neighbor classifiers give better results and accuracy as compared to the other techniques.


Objective: Enterovirus 71(EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16(Cox A16) are the main pathogens of the Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).In this study,we compared clinical manifestation and outcome of HFMD induced by EV71 and Cox A16.Methods: A total of 570 HFMD patients treated in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated with NJMU were enrolled in this study from January to June in 2011.Throat swabs were collected from these patients for detecting virus by real time PCR.Manifestations,outcomes for these patients were analyzed.Results: The average age of 350 patients with EV71 infection was(2.5 ± 1.7) years.The average age of 220 patients with CoxA16 infection was(2.3 ± 1.3) years.Patients with EV71 infection had a significantly longer hospitalization period(P 0.001).The main manifestations were fever with a temperature above 39℃ and lasted longer(P 0.01).EV71-induced myoclonic jerk,oral ulcer were significantly higher(P 0.05).EV71-induced cough,febrile seizure were significantly lower(P 0.05).However,central nervous system complications were significantly higher(P 0.05).About 3.7% of EV71-infected children had neurologic sequela,and five patients with EV71 infection died of encephalitis and cardiopulmonary failure.All the patients with CoxA16 infection showed total recover.Conclusion: The main pathogen of HFMD was EV 71 in Nanjing region from January to June in 2011.Compared with those patients infected by Cox A16,the children with EV71 infection had serious clinical manifestations and worse outcomes.


In order to explore the intra-genera variation for biological activity, the antidiabetic activity of Ipomoea turpethum and Ipomoea batata was carried out in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Dried powdered material of both plants was defatted with petroleum ether 60-80 °C and cold macerated with hydro-ethanol for seven days. These extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg) on days 1 and 12 and blood glucose levels were estimated on 15 th day. Hydro-ethanol extracts of both the plants at the dose of 500 mg/kg, oral, significantly lowered the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats treated for 7 days. The antidiabetic activity of these plants was insignificantly different from each other. This suggests that, different species from same genera may have similar chemical constituents and pharmacological activity.


This module introduces the maximum likelihood estimator. We show how the MLE implements the likelihood principle. Methods for computing th MLE are covered. Properties of the MLE are discussed including asymptotic e ciency and invariance under reparameterization. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is an alternative to the minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE). For many estimation problems, the MVUE does not exist. Moreover, when it does exist, there is no systematic procedure for nding it. In constrast, the MLE does not necessarily satisfy any optimality criterion, but it can almost always be computed, either through exact formulas or numerical techniques. For this reason, the MLE is one of the most common estimation procedures used in practice. The MLE is an important type of estimator for the following reasons: 1. The MLE implements the likelihood principle. 2. MLEs are often simple and easy to compute. 3. MLEs have asymptotic optimality properties (consistency and e ciency). 4. MLEs are invariant under reparameterization. 5. If an e cient estimator exists, it is the MLE. 6. In signal detection with unknown parameters (composite hypothesis testing), MLEs are used in implementing the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). This module will discuss these properties in detail, with examples. 1 The Likelihood Principle Supposed the data X is distributed according to the density or mass function p (x |θ). The likelihood function for θ is de ned by l (θ |x) ≡ p (x |θ) At rst glance, the likelihood function is nothing new it is simply a way of rewriting the pdf/pmf of X. The di erence between the likelihood and the pdf or pmf is what is held xed and what is allowed to vary. When we talk about the likelihood, we view the observation x as being xed, and the parameter θ as freely varying. ∗Version 1.5: May 12, 2004 11:50 am -0500 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0 http://cnx.org/content/m11446/1.5/ Connexions module: m11446 2 note: It is tempting to view the likelihood function as a probability density for θ, and to think of l (θ |x) as the conditional density of θ given x. This approach to parameter estimation is called ducial inference, and is not accepted by most statisticians. One potential problem, for example, is that in many cases l (θ |x) is not integrable ( ∫ l (θ |x) dθ →∞) and thus cannot be normalized. A more fundamental problem is that θ is viewed as a xed quantity, as opposed to random. Thus, it doesn't make sense to talk about its density. For the likelihood to be properly thought of as a density, a Bayesian approach is required. The likelihood principle e ectively states that all information we have about the unknown parameter θ is contained in the likelihood function. Rule 1: Likelihood Principle The information brought by an observation x about θ is entirely contained in the likelihood function p (x |θ). Moreover, if x1 and x2 are two observations depending on the same parameter θ, such that there exists a constant c satisfying p (x1 |θ) = cp (x2 |θ) for every θ, then they bring the same information about θ and must lead to identical estimators. In the statement of the likelihood principle, it is not assumed that the two observations x1 and x2 are generated according to the same model, as long as the model is parameterized by θ. Example 1 Suppose a public health o cial conducts a survey to estimate 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1, the percentage of the population eating pizza at least once per week. As a result, the o cial found nine people who had eaten pizza in the last week, and three who had not. If no additional information is available regarding how the survey was implemented, then there are at least two probability models we can adopt. 1. The o cial surveyed 12 people, and 9 of them had eaten pizza in the last week. In this case, we observe x1 = 9, where x1 ∼ Binomial (12, θ) The density for x1 is f (x1 |θ) =  12 x1  θ1(1− θ)1 2. Another reasonable model is to assume that the o cial surveyed people until he found 3 non-pizza eaters. In this case, we observe x2 = 12, where x2 ∼ NegativeBinomial (3, 1− θ) The density for x2 is g (x2 |θ) =  x2 − 1 3− 1  θx2−3(1− θ) The likelihoods for these two models are proportional: ` (θ |x1) ∝ ` (θ |x2) ∝ θ(1− θ) Therefore, any estimator that adheres to the likelihood principle will produce the same estimate for θ, regardless of which of the two data-generation models is assumed. The likelihood principle is widely accepted among statisticians. In the context of parameter estimation, any reasonable estimator should conform to the likelihood principle. As we will see, the maximum likelihood estimator does. note: While the likelihood principle itself is a fairly reasonable assumption, it can also be derived from two somewhat more intuitive assumptions known as the su ciency principle and the conditionality principle. See Casella and Berger, Chapter 6[1]. http://cnx.org/content/m11446/1.5/ Connexions module: m11446 3 2 The Maximum Likelihood Estimator The maximum likelihood estimatorθ (x) is de ned by θ = argmax θ l (θ |x) Intuitively, we are choosing θ to maximize the probability of occurrence of the observation x. note: It is possible that multiple parameter values maximize the likelihood for a given x. In that case, any of these maximizers can be selected as the MLE. It is also possible that the likelihood may be unbounded, in which case the MLE does not exist. The MLE rule is an implementation of the likelihood principle. If we have two observations whose likelihoods are proportional (they di er by a constant that does not depend on θ), then the value of θ that maximizes one likelihood will also maximize the other. In other words, both likelihood functions lead to the same inference about θ, as required by the likelihood principle. Understand that maximum likelihood is a procedure, not an optimality criterion. From the de nition of the MLE, we have no idea how close it comes to the true parameter value relative to other estimators. In constrast, the MVUE is de ned as the estimator that satis es a certain optimality criterion. However, unlike the MLE, we have no clear produre to follow to compute the MVUE.


Race plays a role in Washington Square Park, but often in unpredictable ways. The little survey the author conducted indicates that virtually no one in the park considers race a meaningful basis for social interaction with others, or has anything to do with judgments of deviance. Some urban public spaces are cosmopolitan in that all races are accepted on a more or less equal basis. The history of African Americans in and around the square has been conflictual, largely unwelcoming, and sometimes violent. The demographics of New York City and Greenwich Village indicates that very few African Americans live in the Village, far less than visitors to the park, and the black population of Manhattan is much smaller than that of New York City as a whole—and declining over time. The author conducted a racial tally of dyads in the park and found that whites in-socialize with other whites more than with any other group; blacks socialize more with other blacks than members of other racial categories, as do South Asians, but East Asians socialize more with non-East Asians. Overall, park-goers out-socialize more than elsewhere. The author believes that out-socialization may have long-term effects on racial acceptance.


The learning organization describes an organization characterized by certain capabilities, the term organizational learning describes certain activities that occur at the individual, team, or organization level of analysis in all organizations. In this paper, we first introduce the capabilities leading to organizational learning: generation and generalization of knowledge; then study the role of levels in organizational learning; finally analyze Conditions Supporting Organizational Learning.


Suggested Citation: Wichmann, Maren; Kersten, Wolfgang (2015) : Environmental Sustainability Standards in Transport Alliances, In: Kersten, Wolfgang Blecker, Thorsten Ringle, Christian M. 978-3-7375-6207-2 (Ed.): Sustainability in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: New Designs and Strategies. Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), Vol. 21, epubli GmbH, Berlin, pp. 209-227


External sorting is at the core of many operations in large-scale database systems, such as ordering and aggregation queries for large result sets, building indexes, sort-merge joins, duplicate removal, sharding, and record clustering. Unlike in-memory sorting, these algorithms need to work together with the OS and the filesystem to efficiently utilize system resources and minimize disk I/O. In this paper we describe ELSAR: a parallel external sorting algorithm that uses an innovative paradigm based on a learned data distribution model. The algorithm leverages the model to arrange the input records into mutually exclusive, monotonic, and equi-depth partitions that, once sorted, can simply be concatenated to form the output. This method completely eliminates the need for multi-way file merging, which is typically used in external sorting. We present thorough benchmarks for uniform and skewed datasets in various storage media, where we measure the sorting rates, size scalability, and energy efficiency of ELSAR and other sorting algorithms. We observed that ELSAR has up to 1.65x higher sorting rates than the next-best external sort (Nsort) on SSD drives and 5.31x higher than the GNU coreutils' sort utility on Intel Optane non-volatile memory. In addition, ELSAR supersedes the current winner of the SortBenchmark for the most energy-efficient external string sorting algorithm by an impressive margin of 41%. These results reinforce the premise that novel learning-enhanced algorithms can provide remarkable performance benefits over traditional ones.


We propose the pyramidal BLI (Binary Laplacian Image) graph matching method for stereo vision, which uses the local as well as the global similarities to assure a good precision of matching results and to eliminate the ambiguities. Because the BLI is detected by DRF method which has a fast realization and matching between graphs is fast, a pseudo-real time system is possible.


We describe a procedure to solve the basic problem of variable lighting photometric stereo - namely, recovering the normal directions and intrinsic albedos at all visible points of an opaque object, by analyzing three or more photos of the same taken with different illuminations. We follow the gauge-based approach, where the lighting conditions and light scattering properties of the surface are given indirectly by photographing a gauge object with known shape and albedo, under the same lighting conditions. Unlike previous solutions, our method yields reliable results even when some of the images contain cast shadows, penumbras, highlights, or inter-object lighting, at a cost. The cost of inner loop grows quadratically, (rather than exponentially) with the number m of input images. Usable approximations can be obtained in m log m time.


High cutting force, high cutting temperature and severe adhesion will be produced in the machining process of Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si. Furthermore, there are critical needs to reduce the use of cutting fluid in machining process. This paper presents a friction force model under MQL condition. An experiment of turning titanium alloy was presented to test and analyze MQL effects. The mainly results were: (1) MQL can reduce the friction at the chip-tool interface when cutting parameters and matching parameters of MQL were chosen properly. (2) Degrees of serrated chips and chip morphology affected by different lubrication conditions were different.


The invention relates to a reentry stage aircraft attitude control method based on an exponential time-varying second order sliding mode, belonging to the technical field of aircraft control. According to the reentry stage aircraft attitude control method, a plane symmetric unpowered aircraft model is taken as an object, feedback linearization is carried out on an affine nonlinear system of an aircraft, and the attitude control problem of the aircraft when reentering into the atmospheric layer is studied. The aircraft provides operating force and operating torque only through a pneumatic control surface. A control surface deflection angle signal [delta e delta a delta r]T is given through the designed control law, so that an attitude instruction omega c=[alpha c beta c mu c]T given by a guidance loop can be effectively tracked, the attitude angle tracking error can be guaranteed to be asymptotically converged, and strong robustness is generated for tremendous environment change, uncertain pneumatic parameters and external disturbance and the like in the reentry process. Meanwhile, the control law in the method only has integral of a switching function, so that the reaching stage of a sliding mode surface is eliminated, the control quantity is enabled to be a continuous signal, the buffeting phenomenon is effectively reduced, and good control accuracy is achieved.


The present study assessed that in different level (district, state, national & international) of Volleyball game or competition how the skills 'serve' played a dominating role was observed. The videos of semi-final and final game of these four levels were taken2014-15). These skills were measured by Volleyball Information System (VIS). The result indicated that the serve skill of international level was more dominant than national, state and district level skill.


Thirty genotypes of coriander were evaluated for estimates of variability, heritability and genetic advance in ten quantitative traits, viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellete per umbel, number of seeds per umbellete, thousand seed weight, volatile oil content in seed and seed yield per plant. The analysis of variance indicated that presence of considerable amount of diversity in the material. Phenotypic coefficients in variations were of higher magnitude than that of genotypic coefficient of variations for all the traits. The highest GCV and PCV were observed for seed yield per plant (30.82 and 31.91%) and volatile oil content in seed (22.42 and 25.31%). High estimates of heritability was observed for thousand seed weight, plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per umbellete and number of umbels per plant. Genetic gain varied from 16.74 % for days to maturity to 61.31% for seed yield per plant. Better gains were also recorded for volatile oil content in seed, number of umbels per plant and number of seeds per umbellete. The high estimation of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic gain for the different traits suggesting probable role of additive gene effects on character expression.


Objective
To review the research on the reasons of unplanned reoperation (URP) for degenerative lumbar spine diseases, and to provide new ideas for improving the quality of surgery for degenerative lumbar spine diseases.

Methods
The literature about the URP of degenerative lumbar spine diseases at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and analyzed.

Results
At present, the reasons for URP include surgical site infection (SSI), hematoma formation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL), poor results of surgery, and implant complications. SSI and hematoma formation are the most common causes of URP, which happen in a short time after surgery; CSFL also occurs shortly after surgery but is relatively rare. Poor surgical results and implant complications occurred for a long time after surgery. Factors such as primary disease and surgical procedures have an important impact on the incidence of URP.

Conclusion
The main reasons for URP are different in various periods after lumbar spine surgery. Interventions should be given to patients with high-risk URP, which thus can reduce the incidence of URP and improve the surgery quality and patients' satisfaction.


Flow with suction to water turbine must be in stable state at small hydraulic power plant. But because of water level fluctuation and water gate effect according to irregular supply of cooling water, it would happen to produce bubble and vortex and finally lead to problems in power-plant system. With utilizing the concept design of double size gate, surface water overflowed the overhead of gate for stable flow at suction. We developed the overflow condition and analyzed the design factor with existed one such as water level(overflow amount) and overhead of water gate(overflow figure). Flow test and CFD simulation say that flow have stable state around suction and 20% of wave reduction effect at surface layer after surface water overflow.


In this study, chopped Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber Reinforced Porous Reaction Bonded SiC (RBSC) composites and it fabrication process were developed by using Si melt infiltration process. The porosity and average pore size in fabricated chopped SiC fiber reinforced porous RBSC composites were in the range of 30~40% and 40-90 ㎛, which mainly determined by the SiC powder size used as starting material and amount of residual Si in porous composites. The maximum flexural strength of chopped SiC fiber reinforced porous RBSC composite was as high as 80 MPa. The delayed fracture behavior was observed in chopped SiC fiber reinforced porous RBSC composites upon 3-point bending strength test.


It is known that bats use echolocation to detect their prey. Their sonar system allows echolocating bats to navigate with high skill through a complex, three dimensional environment at high speed and low light. The auditory analysis of the echoes of their ultrasonic sounds requires a detailed comparison of the emission and echoes. In order to use the best shape of a transducer, in this paper it was used the spatial impulse response and it has been studied the directivity pattern of a concave transducer with different dimensions.


Using 3D seismic exploration technology to survey the location and scope of gob area has achieved good results,but prospecting lower coal group in gob area is still in the exploratory stage.The paper summarized the geophysical characteristics of lower coal group in gob area and analyzed the main factors influenceing exploration results.After multiple tests,we adopted "multiple stacks,single deep-well exciting,large-volum,low-frequency detector,variable parameter of viewing system",the high signal-to-noise ratio seismic information of lower coal group was achieved,indicating that using 3D seismic exploration technology to survey lower coal group is feasible.


Mary, who is 85, has been my patient for about six years. In 1957 she had had a gastroenterostomy and vagotomy for a peptic ulcer. Shortly afterwards, she had developed diarrhoea, which became chronic—she had been referred to many clinics and had been extensively investigated. No formal diagnosis seemed to have been made although malabsorption, bile acid reflux, postvagotomy diarrhoea, and dumping syndrome had been considered at one time or another.

She had trials of a fat free diet, pancreatic supplements, antibiotics, codeine, and bulking agents, but her bowels never improved. She was told that diarrhoea was something …


Wildfires erupt annually around the world causing serious loss of life and property 2 damage. Despite the rapid progress of science and technology, there are no effective means 3 to forecast wildfires. Various wildfire monitoring systems are deployed in different countries, 4 most depend on photos or videos to identify features of wildfire after the first outbreak, 5 while the delay of confirmation varies with technology. An autonomous forest wildfire early 6 warning system is presented in this paper, which employs the state-of-the-art Unmanned 7 Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to fly around a forest regularly according to established routes and 8 strict procedures, to collect environmental data from sensors installed on trees, to monitor and 9 predict wildfire, then provide early warning before eruption if a danger emerges. Bluetooth 10 Low Energy (BLE) is employed to exchange data between UAV and the host of sensors. The 11 collected monitoring data such as temperature and humidity is effective to reflect the real 12 condition of the forest, which could result in the early warning of wildfires. The application 13 of this system in the environment will enhance the ability of wildfire prediction for the 14 community. 15


Abstract With the continued childhood obesity epidemic, it is vital to understand how family members influence health-related behavior change. Objective Assess associations between parent/child weight-related variables and health-related behavior change. Methods School-based screening of child weight and parent-reported health survey. Results Child behavior change was influenced by accuracy of parent perceived child weight. Parent behavior change was primarily influenced by concern about own weight. Parents accurately perceiving their children as overweight were more likely to make changes than parents with inaccurate perceptions. Conclusions Health promotion programs should incorporate parent accuracy of child and concern for own weight.


The transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus by Aedes aegypti to mice was studied in relation to the course of the biting process. The amounts of virus transmitted increased with the duration of the penetration period. Mosquitoes averaged 14 s of undisturbed skin penetration to transmit 1 mouse-infective dose. Prolonged blood feeding considerably reduced transmission efficiency. This effect was probably related to the length of the feeding period. Only a small fraction of the virus material introduced during the infective bite appears to contribute to the establishment of an infection in mice.


The paper aims to study on the overview of civil procedural law in Thailand with emphasis on the recent amendment regarding to class action and legal execution. The civil procedural law in Thailand, known as Procedural Use of Civil and Commercial Codes Act 1937 was passed in 1938 as to formulate the trail, execution of judgment, and appeal in civil and commercial codes. The civil procedural law in Thailand became a vital legal rules governing a proper civil trial and judgments. This Thailand Civil Procedural Law was recently amended on the provisions of class action and the efficiency of the legal execution. It is argued that such amandment create vital impact to legal practices on civil procedurals in Thailand. The amendment helps to modernize the rules for class action and facilitates the process on legal execution in Thailand. Adopting juridical normative method with statute approach, this paper submitted that civil procedural law should be amended throughfuly and not only partialy to keep up with the rapid changes on civil and commercial cases. To achieve this, more amandments of Procedural Use of Civil and Commercial Codes Act 1937 need to be done.


The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine if the critical heart rate (CHR) model for cycle ergometry can be applied to treadmill running; and 2) examine the times to exhaustion (T lim) as well as the ! VO 2 , ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) responses during constant heart rate (HR) runs at CHR-5 b·min-1 (CHR-5), CHR, and CHR+5 b·min-1 (CHR+5). Thirteen runners performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion. On separate days, 4 constant velocity runs to exhaustion were performed. The total number of heart beats (HB lim) for each velocity was calculated as the product of the average 5 s HR and T lim. The CHR was the slope coefficient of the HB lim versus T lim relationship. The physiological responses were recorded during the constant HR runs. Polynomial regression analyses were used to examine the patterns of responses for all.


A considerable part of the population is exposed to simultaneous and/or successive environmental sounds from different sources. In many cases, these sources are different with respect to their locations also. In a laboratory study, it was investigated whether the annoyance caused by the multiple sounds is affected by the spatial distribution of the sources. There were four independent variables: (1) sound category (stationary or moving), (2) sound type (stationary: lawn‐mower, leaf‐blower, and chain saw; moving: road traffic, railway, and motorbike), (3) spatial location (left, right, and combinations), and (4) A‐weighted sound exposure level (ASEL of single sources equal to 50, 60, or 70 dB). In addition to the individual sounds in isolation, various combinations of two or three different sources within each sound category and sound level were presented for rating. The annoyance was mainly determined by sound level and sound source type. In most cases there were neither significant main effects of spatia...


The accuracy of the results in stereo image-based 3D reconstruction is very sensitive to the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters determined during camera calibration. The existing camera calibration algorithms induce a significant amount of error due to poor estimation accuracies in camera parameters when they are used for long-range scenarios such as mapping civil infrastructure. This leads to unusable results, and may result in the failure of the whole reconstruction process. This paper proposes a novel way to address this problem. Instead of incremental improvements to the accuracy typically induced by new calibration algorithms, the authors hypothesize that a set of multiple calibrations created by videotaping a moving calibration pattern along a specific path can increase overall calibration accuracy. This is achieved by using conventional camera calibration algorithms to perform separate estimations for some predefined distance values. The result, which is a set of camera parameters for different distances, is then uniquely input in the Structure from Motion process to improve the Euclidean accuracy of the reconstruction. The proposed method has been tested on infrastructure scenes and the experimental analyses indicate the improved performance. INTRODUCTION Automatic 3D reconstruction of infrastructure from multiple view imagery is considered as an inexpensive alternative to laser-based systems but cannot replace them without acceptable levels of geometrical accuracy (Strecha et al., 2008). Two main issues need to be studied for this purpose: camera calibration and dense multiview geometry (Strecha et al., 2008). The scope of this paper is to focus on the first issue because it is the first step in the 3D reconstruction pipeline. Camera calibration is the process of determining a set of parameters that describe the mapping between 3D world coordinates and 2D image coordinates. The existing methods are divided into two categories: a) explicit calibration (i.e., conventional approach) and b) selfcalibration. Methods in the first category estimate the calibration parameters by establishing correspondences between reference points on an object with known 3D dimensions and their projection on the image. On the other hand, self-calibration automatically provides necessary parameters through the geometrical constraints in images, but is less accurate than the explicit methods (Furukawa and Ponce, 2009). This paper aims to focus on the explicit approach because accuracy is typically the main concern in the 3D reconstruction of infrastructure.


Abstract The adhesion mechanisms of two acrylic Pressure-Sensitive-Adhesives on a stainless steel probe are investigated with a custom-designed probe tack apparatus. Our setup allows the simultaneous acquisition of a nominal stress and strain curve, and the observation of the adhesive film from underneath the transparent substrate. The temperature was varied in the range -20°C to 50°C and the debonding rate in the range 1–10000 μm/s. For all conditions we observed, upon debonding, the formation of cavities at or near the interface between the probe and the film. These cavities initially grew predominantly in the plane of the film but, at higher values of nominal strain, the walls between the cavities were stretched in the direction normal to the plane of the ifim to become a fibrillar structure. The transition from a cavitated structure to a fibrillar one was only found within a time-temperature window of rheological properties of the adhesive, while the adhesion energy was found to be mainly related to t...


The architecture of the continental lithospheric mantle is vital for understanding the wide-ranging processes that govern the creation of Earth's continents. The present investigation delineates the crustal and lithospheric boundaries underneath northwest India, which provides essential constraints as an imprint of tectonomagmatic events under the distinct tectonic setting. This study integrates three data sets (gravity, geoid, and topography data) and thermal parameters in a three-dimensional inversion algorithm to northwest India. Inversion results are constrained by available passive seismic crustal thickness, which we are using as a priori information. Our modelling results show crust down to a depth of 33 to 39 km in the Saurashtra and Kachchh region, which increases gradually to about 40 km beneath the Jaisalmer region. The deepest Moho at about 42-45 km is found under the Aravalli-Delhi fold belt and Indo-Gangetic plain. A comparable crustal thickness of 41-44 km is observed beneath the Bundelkhand craton. The mean crustal density varies laterally between 2850 and 2890 kg/m-3 in the study area. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is 115-145 km deep under Saurashtra and Kachchh regions, which remains comparable under the Barmer-Pokharan region (130-160 km). A moderate LAB depth under the Aravalli-Delhi fold belt (140-180 km) and relatively deeper under the Bundelkhand craton (175 to 185 km) reaches over 200 km below the Indo-Gangetic plain. The thinned lithosphere beneath the Kachchh, Saurashtra, and Barmer-Pokhran regions, crisscrossed by two different rift systems, together with the dominance of the volcanic centres of two major magmatic episodes, and the possible presence of a low-velocity zone in the subcrustal upper mantle region suggest a genetic link between the evolution and the multistage thermal modification of the mantle lithosphere of this region.


For the disease of existing bridge,the scheme of using vertically tensioned prestressed techniques to reinforce and reconstruct of old bridge is proposed according to the features of external prestress on the basis of analysis of its advantages and disadvantages.Take regulating the mid-span deflection of rigid frame bridge for example,the method of strand arrangement and stretching space were investigated and demonstrated.


Disclosed are a multimedia data playing method, apparatus and device, and an interface rendering method, apparatus and device. The multimedia data playing method comprises: instructing to draw a transparent area on a first drawing layer; instructing to draw a playing window for multimedia data on a second drawing layer, wherein the playing window for multimedia data overlaps the transparent area; instructing to synchronously display the transparent area and the playing window; and instructing to play the multimedia data in the playing window. This application can avoid interface white space or data jitter caused by interface scrolling.