I am sometimes astonished at my own ignorance. I can spot a siskin amongst the birds which come up from the valley bottom to feed from the peanut dispenser and recognize the tumbling ight of the lapwings, but I only learned last year that the lungs of birds have a completely di erent arrangement and mechanism from the mammalian lung I had always imagined to be the standard evolutionary solution to breathing. A bird breathes using two leathery air sacs, in which very little gas exchange occurs, separated by a very densely packed region of blood vessels. Air is sucked into the rst sac, then forced across the blood vessels into the second sac. It is then exhaled from the second sac. Blood is pumped in the opposite direction so as to maintain an optimal oxygen concentration di erence along the ow (lowest concentration of oxygen in the blood nearest the second sac, where the air also has the lowest oxygen concentration). Apparently [8] this arrangement is more e cient than the alveoli of the mammalian lung, and is particularly useful in ight, where a great deal of energy is expended. I feel that there must have been a conspiracy amongst my friends that in over forty years no one has ever let me in on that secret! I felt the same sense of paranoia and ignorance at a recent talk in Manchester by Richard Zare, a chemist from Stanford University [11]. He mentioned in passing work he did some time ago on the growth of bubbles as they move up a liquid such as beer or champagne. I am not unfamiliar with beer (although less at home with champagne), but to the extent that I had given the matter any thought I would have said that the increase in size of the bubbles as they rise is due to the reduction in pressure they experience, the pressure being proportional to the depth of the bubble. Not so, Zare informed the audience. The pressure e ect is small compared to the in ux of further dissolved carbon dioxide from the liquid as the bubble rises. Moreover, Zare has also explained why the bubbles in Guinness appear to descend, and the same set of thoughts made me wonder about the trains of bubbles observed in less zzy beers and more zzy wines. It turns out that the


This paper presents theoretical and experimental results for a novel three‐pole HTS lumped‐element narrowband filter with central frequency 1.7775 GHz and 0.84% fractional bandwidth. A high degree of miniaturization is reached by the use of planar coils as inductance elements. Good performance on YBCO devices has been achieved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 94–95, 2001.


This PhD dissertation investigates patterns in ornament production, use, and exchange in the pre-colonial Caribbean. The first half proposes a research strategy for studying circum-Caribbean collections through technological and microwear analyses. Additionally, an ethnographic collection of indigenous ornaments from South America is studied as basis for interpretation of use-wear. In the second part, Ceramic Age archaeological collections from the Lesser and Greater Antilles are analysed. The presence of certain technical products and of use-wear are combined to reach a more complex understanding of social interactions and the mechanisms responsible for them.


ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study examined the contribution of teacher-student conflict at kindergarten to the child's school adjustment in primary school using a Hong Kong sample. It investigated self-regulation as a mediator and parents' positive relations with others as a moderator in that transition. At Time 1 (T1), kindergarten teachers reported their levels of conflict with individual children (N = 324, 168 girls), whereas children's self-regulation was assessed with a Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Task. Fathers and mothers also rated their positive relations with others. At Time 2 (T2; 8 months later), when children were enrolled in primary school (N = 247, 126 girls), primary school teachers rated how well they adjusted to the new school. Moderated mediation analyses showed that although the direct effect of T1 teacher-student conflict on T2 school adjustment was not significant, the indirect effect of self-regulation was. T1 teacher-student conflicts were negatively related to children's self-regulation, which in turn predicted subsequent school adjustment. Interestingly, this indirect effect was significant only when parents' positive relations with others were low rather than high. Practice or Policy: The findings highlight the importance of both a warm and caring relationship in the home and self-regulation to successful school transition.


The treatment of process water in three separate cooling towers was followed in period of approximately one month in a meat producing company. Treatment (i.e. disinfection) of the cooling water should enable the company to drain water less frequently and therefore reduce water consumption. More specifically the study focused on cooling water used for cooling down certain processes in the company. This cooling water was further on cooled in three separate cooling towers and reused. The cooling water was treated with hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonic sound (US) or ultraviolet light (UV) combined with hydrogen peroxide. For each treatment the number of planktonic and biofilm associated bacteria was followed up.


Philip Thomas plays Saunders' solo work 'PART OF IT MAY ALSO BE PART OF SOMETHING ELSE', track two of James Saunders 'divisions that could be autonomous but that comprise the whole', as well as directing the edges ensemble in 'imperfections on the surface are occasionally apparent'.


Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) is always a key problem in Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) system to be focused on, which should be well resolved to pursue higher throughput and better power efficiency. In this paper, we investigate throughput and power efficiency of RR scheduling in FFR system by both closed-form expression and Monte Carlo trials method. We improve a previous throughput model by applying variable subcarrier distribution scheme and upgrading expression for the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of SINR. Then we propose a new closed-form expression of average cell throughput. The fairness performance of this model is better than that using fixed subcarrier distribution scheme. Meanwhile, an optimal radius threshold is selected so as to achieve best throughput performance. Then we manage to explore the relationship between cell power efficiency and transmit power based on the optimal radius threshold. From both analytical and simulation results, it is shown that power efficiency is monotonically decreasing with transmit power. Hence operational power is introduced into power efficiency as energy consumption for base station. After that, the highest power efficiency can be reached by setting a proper and reasonable transmit power.


HYSTERICAL time "Hysteria" writes Cecily Devereux in this issue's opening essay, "is back" (41). Indeed, the past five years alone have provided us with peculiarly frequent cultural manifestations of hysteria, the great disorder (1): a pathology famously "invented" in late nineteenth century Paris by Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpetriere Hospital (Didi-Huberman), the amorphous illness that became, through Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer's Studies in Hysteria (1895), "the embryonic moment of psychoanalysis" (Bowlby xvi). Recently, hysteria has surfaced onscreen in films including Alice Winocour's Augustine (2012), David Cronenberg's A Dangerous Method (2011), and Tanya Wexler's Hysteria (2011); onstage in Sarah Ruhl's 2009 Pulitzer-nominated In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) and a 2013 London revival of Terry Johnson's Hysteria, first produced in 1993 (Spencer); in the widespread media coverage of a late 2012 outbreak of mass conversion disorder among female high school students in Le Roy, New York (Dominus); and in an Amazon-produced television series inspired by the Le Roy case--Hysteria (2014)--which premiered, auspiciously, as the editors were compiling this issue. (2) What appears to be a sudden cultural reinvestment in hysteria coupled with a puzzling instance of corporeal materializations invites the broad, provocative question, as posed by Devereux in her essay: "What does it mean when hysteria erupts into cultural space" (21)? Recognizing that we cannot wholly pin down a concept that circulates in defiant resistance to definition, this issue understands hysteria as a diagnostic trope assigned to a series of symptoms--performed, manifested, and/or expressed at the level of the body--and functioning in every case as an index of cultural norms that hysteria always exceeds and sometimes resists. Today, hysteria commonly circulates with reference to collective and individual social performances of excessive behaviour, and although it has been by and large disarticulated from gender and medical discourse hysteria remains haunted by its history and etymology. (3) In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013), hysteria is housed as "Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)," which encompasses symptoms including weakness or paralysis, abnormal movement, swallowing symptoms, speech symptoms, attacks or seizures, anesthesia or sensory loss, special sensory symptoms, and mixed symptoms. The DSM estimates that persistent conversion symptoms occur in two to five people per one hundred thousand per year and that conversion disorder is two to three times more common amongst women. Interestingly, hysteria has had a tenacious if not consistently named presence in the DSM's history; four of the five DSM editions use the language of "conversion" to depict hysteria (DSM I in 1952, DSM III in 1980, DSM IV in 1994, DSM IV-TR in 2000, DSM V in 2013) with the exception to this pattern being the DSM II (1968) which uses the language of "hysterical neurosis" "It is as though we have never quite done with hysteria," Rachel Bowlby points out in her introduction to the 2004 edition of Freud and Breuer's Studies in Hysteria; "it is always, repeatedly, necessary to return to it, to see what it lacked or promised, to try to understand what is going on in its own apparently unprompted return in the present time" (xviii). In 2012, inspired by our shared experience two years prior in Cecily Devereux's graduate seminar, "Hysteria: Cultural Texts" at the University of Alberta, we--the editors--found ourselves intrigued and perplexed by what seemed to be a renewed fascination with hysteria on behalf of our popular imaginary. We sought to perform the task Bowlby describes: to probe, through the lens of hysteria's contemporary materializations, the cultural desires and anxieties that the great disorder's returns and resurfacings seem to index. In our call for papers, we declared that the issue "aims to read hysteria's present--its current representations, manifestations, embodiments, deployments, and iterations--while drawing on its diverse genealogies and violent, tangled past"; we aspired to "challenge hysteria's grand histories and unearth its minor ones, defy myths of hysteria's origins, teleology, progress, and its ties to medico-scientific objectivity, while emphasizing its present-day potency" ("Hysteria Manifest"). …


Our research indicates the modality by which algorithm modifications imply intervention in modules where expressions are evaluated or selections of elements are performed, the conclusion being the fact that in order to design robust software, a clear definition of the modules is necessary. Thus, the weak module which can be easily modified must be defined and placed so as not to affect other modules through modifications applied to them. The reusability issue is even more important as the main software producing companies have developed class libraries which reduce programming efforts. It is thus possible to start the realisation of software with personnel no larger than 15 people, but with high qualification and logistical resources. The problem of reusability occurs especially in the interference area. In designing interfaces, graphic elements are dominant, as well as those of information search-find. All this implies the definition of text placement and designing parts of the text which determine actions or operation selection. The problem of reusability occurs when in new software products conversions, compressions, sorting and optimisations as operations with extremely low proportion in the computing volume must be introduced, but which represent significant consume from the point of view of the programming effort.


In the theory of creep of hereditarily aging bodies a class of contact interaction problems between massive bodies in the form of elastically-creeping plane with circular perfectly rigit thin inclusions is investigated.


Electro-oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzalaniline in alkaline solution on mild steel surface was successfully carried out using cyclic voltammetric technique. Results demonstrated that brownish colour appeared on the mild steel surface after the cycle of voltammetric study. The presence of film was confirmed by the EIS measurement whereas the Nyquist plots obtained from EIS measurements were fitted with suitable electrical equivalent circuit. The coated mild steel exhibit better polarization resistance than uncoated mild steel.


The invention discloses a garbage type dry fermentation comprehensive treatment method for kitchen wastes and organic wastes. The organic wastes are selected from garden wastes, sludge from sewage treatment plants, straws, animal wastes, wood flour, saw dust and the like. The method comprises the steps of carrying out dehydration and degreasing pretreatment on the collected kitchen wastes at a transfer station; mixing the pretreated kitchen wastes and organic wastes to carry out garbage type dry anaerobic fermentation, and the like. The method disclosed by the invention is characterized in that the fermentation raw materials are very simple in pretreatment; no stirring equipment is arranged in an anaerobic tank, and the fermentation raw materials do not need to be continuously stirred; feeding and discharging can be finished without the help of a pump; no any mobile mechanical equipment is arranged in the anaerobic tank. Therefore, organic raw materials with relatively high impurity contents can be fermented. Compared with a wet fermentation technology, the garbage type dry fermentation comprehensive treatment method has the effect of remarkably reducing the investment and operation costs.


'I saw that I can reach the truth only through concepts whose matter are sensible things and whose form is rational.' The achievements in experimental and theoretical science of the Arab scholar al-Haytham (also known as Alhazen, from his latinized first name al-Hasan) make him as much a figure of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as of his own tenth and eleventh centuries. When his writings become known in the West the importance of his contribution to optics was widely recognized and he was studied by Galileo, Kepler, Fermat, Snell and Descartes. Mathematicians remember al-Haytham chiefly for Alhazen's Problem on the reflection of light from a circular mirror, which he solved by the method of conic sections; Huygens, Gregory, l'Hospital, Barrow (and many others) later took up the problem with the new analytical methods of geometry. Al-Haytham also wrote a commentary on the postulates of Euclid, and his attempted proof of the parallel postulate has similarities to Lambert's quadrilateral and Playfair's axiom in the eighteenth century. His theory of cognition may produce yet further interest in his work.


The design of a novel wideband microwave crossover is presented. The proposed structure is fully compatible with microstrip circuits as it is printed on one side of a single layer substrate. The structure is made up of a curved-edge microstrip patch with four fan-shaped slots symmetrically allocated inside the patch. The simulations show a crossover with more than 14 dB of isolation, less than 0.5 dB insertion loss across 49% fractional bandwidth centered at 7 GHz.


The 00 0 bands of the A 1 A′-[Xtilde] 1 A′ electronic systems of 2-fluoro, 2-hydroxy- and 2-aminonaphthalene have been identified and then rotationally analysed by the method of rotational band contour analysis. The effect of 2-substitution on the direction of the electronic transition moment vector in naphthalene is found to be drastic: the vector is oriented by about 70–80° (anti-clockwise in figure 1) by the substituent. However, the orientation is almost unaffected by the nature of the substituent. The 00 0 bands are all type A, B hybrids but predominantly type B. Significant differences in the 00 0 band rotational contours in the three molecules are reflected in the different values of ΔA, ΔB and ΔC found from the contour analyses. An attempt to interpret the changes of rotational constants in terms of changes in geometry from the ground to the excited state suggest very strongly that the geometry change of the naphthalene rings in all the molecules is similar to that in naphthalene itself but that t...


A case of arsenic contamination has recently been detected in the Lami coastal environment during the course of a heavy metal monitoring in Fiji's coastal environment. Twenty two surficial sediment samples were sampled during the 2008–2009 period, extracted for arsenic and analysed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Two sites within the Lami estuary recorded the highest As levels of 334 and 282 mg kg–1 as dry weight in sediments samples, which has greatly exceeded the local and global average background concentrations. Chemical fractionation studies using a standard sequential protocol showed that As is mostly associated with residual (strong acid extractable) phase of the sediments, however significant amounts of As were also detected in bioavailable (exchangeable, water and acid soluble), reducible and oxidisable fractions. Comparison with standard sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) indicate that As levels are likely to be highly toxic to biota, hence further ecotoxicological studies are warranted to evaluate possible environmental effects on the aquatic environment.


Provided are a mobile terminal and a method of controlling the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal includes: a terminal body that has a first side and a second side; a first display that is located at the first side; a second display that is located at the second side; a sensor that is configured to detect rotation of the mobile terminal; and a controller that is configured to: cause the first display to display a first information; and cause the second display to display a second information when the sensor detects that the mobile terminal is rotated a threshold amount, such that a general direction that the first side faced prior to the rotating of the mobile terminal is generally the same as a general direction that the second side faces after the rotating of the mobile terminal, wherein the second information is related to the first information.


Smart materials, which have the functions of actuator, sensor, self-healing and so forth, are expected to be used not only as advanced functional materials but also as key materials to provide structures with smart functions. Smart systems sense changes in structure variations in vibration, noise or temperature, for example process the information and then respond appropriately to automatically correct possibly detrimental problems. They tell the structure to alter its properties to prevent damage, optimize performance, correct malfunctions or alert users to a needed repair.
Smart materials technology applies to a huge range of products including buildings, bridges, computers, cameras, aircraft, even skis. Think about the way in which excessive vibration in a machine on the shop floor may result in overheating, or parts that don't meet the manufacturer's specifications. Then, imagine the problems that could occur if a similar situation happened on an aircraft and you begin to understand the scope and value of smart material applications.
The best way to understand the smart material concept is to look at its uses. Smart materials may work completely on their own or as part of a larger smart system. For example, doctors may use shape memory alloy staples used to set broken bones. In this case, the material works as both a sensor and an actuator as the patient's body heat activate the staple to close and thereby clamp the break together. This report deals with the available smart materials, their properties and some of their areas of application and future prospects."


The operative concept of paradigm, in spite of its immoderate use and semantic worn out, is quite useful
and necessary inside a comprehensive epistemology of the scientific field of Information/Documentation.
And through this concept it is easy to understand the evolution of the professional practice and the
concerning techniques, not only related to libraries, but also to archives and even to museums. But, for
that, it is needed to fix the degree of semantic proximity of the concept relatively to the original
conception of the north-American physician and science historian, Thomas Khun, once the interpretation
of such conception is not consensual. In our field, we have Rafael Capurro's proposal, elaborated
exclusively from the perimeter of the Information Science, born after the World War II in the USA, which
associates 'paradigm', quite directly, to theoretical production, as it is understood through the connotation
of the designations chosen by the author – physical paradigm, cognitive paradigm, social paradigm and
social-cognitive paradigm; and we have the proposal made by the authors of this paper, that operate with
two paradigms (the custodial, cultural, historicist and technicist and the post-custodial, informational and
scientific).
In this paper, it is intended to characterize the two paradigms through the analysis of some important
elements related to professional practice and other connected to higher education and the subsequent
research activity.
It is a theoretical approach, based mainly in the analysis and comparison, in the light of the starting
presuppositions, more than an applied research work, through which it is possible to communicate results
and formulate conclusions from an empirical study.


Objective
To analyse the cement distribution after vertebroplasty and investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of its typing.

Methods
A retrospective case-series study examining the bone cement distribution on anteroposterior radiograph after vertebral augmentation was conducted on 1 324 patients (2 119 vertebrae) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) from May 2009 to May 2016. Among the patients, due to refracture, 147 patients suffered two or more surgeries with a vertebral refracture rate of 11.1%. One or more adjacent vertebrae refracture occurred in 105 patients with the adjacent vertebrae refracture rate of 7.9%. The vertebral body was split into four regions on the basis of the central vertical and bilateral pedicle of vertical line. According to the bone cement distribution in the four regions, there were five distribution types: type I: 1-4 regions; type II: 2-3 regions; type III: 1 and 4 regions; type IV: 3 and 4 or 1 and 2 regions; type V: 1 or 4 regions. The X-ray of 40 patients was randomly typed by three orthopedics physicians, and the complication rate and refracture rate of adjacent vertebrae in each type were calculated. Credibility and repeatability analysis were performed.

Results
The average credibility of the typing was 92.5%. The Kappa coefficient was 0.850 on average. The repeatability of two times of typing was on average 95%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.900 on average. From type I to V, there were 26 cases (3.5%), 16 cases (4.5%), 29 cases (7.3%), 40 cases (9.9%), and 41 cases (18.1%) of adjacent vertebral refracture. There were 10 cases of the same vertebral refracture and 5 cases of scoliosis deformity in the type V, with incidence rates of 4.4% and 2.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
Being reliable and repeatable, the typing for cement distribution after vertebral augmentation is simple and practicable. The type IV and V cement distribution carries higher risk of refracture in adjacent or the same vertebral body and long-term scoliosis than others types.

Key words:
Vertebroplasty; Osteoporotic fractures; Bone cement distribution


In the title compound, C16H11NO2S2, the dihedral angles between the heterocyclic ring and the phenyl and anilinic benzene rings are 9.68 (13) and 79.26 (6)°, respectively, and an intramolecular C—H⋯S interaction occurs. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur, leading to R 2 2(10) loops, and C—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯π interactions further consolidate the packing.


As a result of new outline conditions in today's energy markets, network operators endeavor to optimize their asset management processes in order to make them more economical and to migrate to condition-based maintenance. In addition to the actual technical condition of substations, the importance of components or entire stations within a network is now also given consideration. A procedure used to date is described in detail in [1]. Based on the result of these assessment procedures, engineers now determine the order in which installations and/or components are to be subjected to maintenance measures such as inspections or entire renewals. Especially in the case of refurbishments, it may be necessary to decide whether exchanging single items of equipment is the most cost-effective solution or whether replacing the entire installation would be the better choice. It is not easy to find an answer to this question that is both clear and derived methodically. In addition it takes budgetary pressures as well as technical quality requirements into account.


: The intercrop between grasses and legumes is an alternative to maintain and increase the animal production. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of grass-legume mixtures with or without supplementations on rumen fermentation, nutrient intake, and microbial protein synthesis. Six Holstein steers fitted with ruminal cannula were kept in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were: 1) oat, annual ryegrass, and supplement (GS), 2) oat, annual ryegrass, and vetch (GL), 3) oat, annual ryegrass, vetch, and supplement (GLS). Supplementation of ground maize was given daily at 11 h at 1% of body weight. Total digestible nutrient intake was higher in steers fed GS and GLS. Animals on GL ingested higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) compared to animals on GS and GLS diets. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were higher in GL. Grass-legume mixtures and supplements showed higher concentrations of sugar, α-amino acids, and peptides. The ruminal fermentative parameters, ruminal pH, ammonia, and sugars ranged cubically across the day. Microbial protein synthesis was similar amongst the treatments. Animals exclusively consuming temperate grass produce higher ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations. Therefore, using temperate legumes in pasture systems can be included in the cattle diet in lieu of utilizing energy supplements.


Results of the investigation, which aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined anesthesia on the basis of spinalepidural blockade during major operations on pelvis organs, are presented. 81 patients were included. Results showed that general combined anesthesia on the basis of spinal-epidural blockade justifies for anesthetic supply of long and traumatic operations on pelvis organs.


A scramjet engine with a wall-mounted hypermixer injector, which generates streamwise vortices for enhancing supersonic mixing and combustion, is examined at a Mach 8 simulated flight condition in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST). The engine and the fuel injector are full scale models of the HyShot-IV flight experiment planned for 2005 by JAXA and University of Queensland (UQ). Main purpose of the present study is to clarify the combustion and operation characteristics of the hypermixer scramjet owing to the ability of the streamwise vortices for mixing enhancement and boundary layer control. For comparison, two injectors with normal and parallel injection without streamwise vortex generation are also examined. The results show the superior performance of the hypermixer injector in scramjet mode obtaining higher pressure rise in a shorter distance compared to the other two injectors. In the case of the hypermixer injector, a 1D analysis of an inviscid nozzle flow shows the increment in the specific impulse due to combustion to be 2,649 and 2,224 sec for the equivalence ratio, Φ=0.3 and 0.6, respectively. At Φ=1.0 and 1.5, sudden rapid combustion of the premixed fuel at the end of the combustor generates a strong pressure wave, which propagates upstream up to the injector location and decades there. As a result, a new quasi-steady combusting flow is established throughout the combustor downstream of the injector. The pressure wave is identified as a kind of detonation wave, which is suggested to propagate upstream mainly through the streamwise vortices. As a driving force of the upstream propagation of the detonation wave, mixing and combustion enhanced through the interaction between the detonation wave and the streamwise vortices are considered.


Introduction: Pusher syndrome is a disorder of balance in patients with brain injury. Aim: to report the case of a patient with hemiparesis after thalamic stroke and clinical signs suggesting Pusher Syndrome to promote a discussion about the etiology, pathophysiology, prognosis and clinical evolution of this syndrome for neurologic impaired patients. Material and Method: retrospective evaluation of a female inpatient aged 62 who developed mild hemiparesis and severe contraversive pushing behavior after acute hemorrhage affecting the right thalamus with NIHSS = 13, FIM = 56 and clinical signs of Pusher Syndrome. Following standard motor physiotherapy and architectonic adaptations, the pushing behavior completely resolved 4 months after the onset with a FIM of 99 although, at that time, left hemiparesis was still present. This case report illustrates that pushing behavior itself may be severely incapacitating, may occur with only mild hemiparesis and affected patients may have dramatic functional improvement and delayed hospital delivered and rehabilitation gains. More studies are crucial for better understanding Pusher Syndrome.


Recent data obtained in mouse models have initiated a controversy whether basophils are the key antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in allergy. Here, we investigate whether basophils are of importance for the presentation of allergen and the induction of T cell proliferation in allergic patients.


Among factors influencing long-term survival of patients how had undergone resection for carcinoma of the lung, the most important seems to be the extent of the cancer at the time of resection, determined by histopathological studies of the resected specimen.


In this paper, two-hop communication between a source and a destination with the aid of an intermediate relay node is considered. Both the source and intermediate relay node are assumed to operate under statistical quality of service (QoS) constraints imposed as limitations on the buffer overflow probabilities. It is further assumed that the nodes send the information at fixed power levels and have perfect channel side information. In this scenario, the maximum constant arrival rates that can be supported by this two-hop link are characterized by finding the effective capacity. Through this analysis, the impact upon the throughput of having buffer constraints at the source and intermediate-hop nodes is identified.


nef is an independent think-and-do tank that inspires and demonstrates real economic well-being. We aim to improve quality of life by promoting innovative solutions that challenge mainstream thinking on economic, environmental and social issues. We work in partnership and put people and the planet first. nef (the new economics foundation) is a registered charity founded in 1986 by the leaders of The Other Economic Summit (TOES), which forced issues such as international debt onto the agenda of the G8 summit meetings. It has taken a lead in helping establish new coalitions and organisations such as the Jubilee 2000 debt campaign; the Ethical Trading Initiative; the UK Social Investment Forum; and new ways to measure social and economic well-being. A tale of how it turned out right. Anyone who believes exponential growth can go on forever in a finite world is either a madman or an economist.


The embodiments of the invention provide a restoration unit and a restoration method thereof, a grid driving circuit, and a display apparatus, and relates to the technical field of display, for ensuring that signals output by damaged shift register units to grid wires are normal. The restoration unit comprises a comparison module, a control module and an output module, wherein the comparison module is used for comparing signals acquired by a second signal end with signals of a reference voltage end and outputting a comparison result to the control module; the control module is used for controlling on-off of the output module according to signals output by the comparison module; and the output module is used for outputting signals of a first signal end to the second signal end. The restoration unit is applied to restoration of signals.


Social justice and environmental protection have been separate fields for the majority of their existence. However, in the past decade, the interconnections between the two endeavors are being increasingly recognized and studied. Numerous studies have shown that environmental degradation and pollution affect low-income people disproportionately. It is also becoming more widely accepted that for a sustainable world to be created, it will be necessary to ensure that the most disadvantaged people are lifted up equally by the rising tide of technological advancement and economic growth. In short, environmental and social issues are integrally connected; to maintain the health of the environment, it will be necessary to improve conditions for the majority of the world's peoples who live in poverty. The reverse also holds true: For people to enjoy truly healthy, sustainable lifestyles, environmental protection and stewardship are mandatory. The &dquo;Access to Justice and Environmental Protection&dquo; conference at Stanford Law School, held on May 2, 1998, examined these issues on both the domestic and international levels.


Microwave spectrometer for in-line analysis Thermo Scientific has introduced a new food analyser that can instantly measure fat, protein and moisture levels on a food production pipeline. The e scan in-line food analyser measures the bulk or constituent properties of the food, using low level Guided Microwave Spectrometry (GMS). This allows for intrinsic and not just surface analysis of the material and is recommended for pumpable solids, liquids, slurries or powders. The greater level of product penetration is an advantage over current near infra-red systems, and the manufacturer says gives results that more closely match laboratory analyses of the composition. The instrument performs measurements every second, so product formulation and quality can be continually and thoroughly checked. Production line issues such as residue buildup are also easily detected. Potential applications would include nut butters, dairy produce and groundmeats. http://www.thermoscientific.com


Disclosed is a planar magnet speaker which is excellent in low-band playback and capable of multiple input control. The planar magnet speaker comprises: first magnet members; second magnet members respectively opposite to the first magnet members; a membrane comprising at least one conductor; and a support frame.


MercLokTM P-640 (MercLok) is a proprietary product developed by Albemarle as a mercury (Hg) treatment technology. MercLok captures mercury and sequesters it for a long period under ambient environmental conditions. For this project, MercLok was applied to Hg-contaminated calcines at two abandoned Hg mine sites in northern California to evaluate its efficacy in rendering such contaminated materials less hazardous and thereby reducing remediation project costs. The first application (Site 1) consisted of two calcines amended with MercLok in isolated reactor buckets under two hydrologic remediation approaches ("repository cap" and "reactive barrier") while exposed to ambient environmental conditions. Non-amended and amended calcines and their leachates were analyzed for Hg content and related conditions during a five-month study period, demonstrating >95% reduction in leachable Hg. The second application (Site 2) involved full-scale site remediation with the application of both approaches and additional hydrologic controls to minimize run-on, erosion, and runoff. Confirmation sampling and subsequent observations indicate that the amendments and hydrologic controls effectively stabilized the site and minimized Hg releases. These application projects demonstrate the efficacy of MercLok as a component of hydrologic controls for treating Hg-contaminated material to achieve long-term mine site remediation objectives.


This paper aims to identify the elements in the oral art tradition of Minangkabau randai art, the preservation activities of knowledge that have been done, the constraints in the process of preservation of knowledge, as well as the steps that can be done in order to preserve the knowledge contained in the oral tradition of Minangkabau randai art performance. The method used is research method with qualitative approach and data collection through interview and document analysis method. The result of this research concludes that randai is an artistic tradition of society that is built from three important components, namely silek, kaba, and dendang or gurindam. Each element supports each other to build the main function of randai as representation and communication media of adat as well as cultural identity of Minangkabau society. The development, bakaba tradition of babangkito Minangkabau society accelerate the process of socialization and transfer of randai along with knowledge in it. But it also becomes an obstacle and hamper the preservation of originality of randai art itself. Preservation activities that have been done in general in the form of socialization activities in the form of direct face-to-face interaction and imitation process. Externalization in the form of documenting the tradition has begun, but not yet on the level of analysis, repackaging, and transfer of knowledge so that most of the knowledge is only stored in government agencies such as the Department of Tourism.


For extracting the information about fault activity and seismicity from thermal infrared radiation, two crucial problems should be taken into consideration: 1) Aerosphere exists between solid earth and the satellite based sensor, and thus influences the infrared energy of land radiation when it passes through the aerosphere to arrive at the sensors. Moreover, the atmosphere itself is involved in thermal radiation, too. Therefore, to extract the geophysical information from thermal radiation, we have to begin with the estimation of atmospheric influence; 2) for identifying the anomalies induced by fault activity in thermal radiation, we should be able to distinguish the normal radiation from anomalous radiation, as anomaly can only be identified in reference with normality. This paper discusses these problems from the following aspects: 1) define the concepts of land surface brightness temperature (LSBT) and its annual variation field. LSBT would be an important physical concept in extracting the geophysical information from thermal radiation. LSBT should be assigned to the category of radiation energy of land surface, rather than the traditional "temperature" concept. Once the emissivity is known, the temperature can easily be calculated according to Planck law; 2) introduce the split window method for calculating the LSBT and the influence of atmosphere. The calculation shows that the influence of atmosphere on brightness temperature received by satellite based sensor is about ±10K; 3) the annual variation field of LSBT in China is extracted from the LSBT data by using the wavelet and split window methods; the data used in this study come from the observations of NOAA/AVHRR from 1981 to 2001. The results of this study may provide a basis for further analyzing the anomaly field of thermal radiation.


The paper presents results from a 4-year field study into the usefulness of SPAD test for nourishment evaluation in timothy-grass of Skald cultivar grown for seed. The readings of SPAD values were taken with the aid of an optical device Minolta-502. Foliar feeding in this study included copper, manganese and zinc. The values of SPAD readings varied with different measurement time and different micronutrient for foliar feeding. Relative chlorophyll concentration index was increasing with consecutive stages of plant growth up to anthesis and as the result of any micronutrient applied. For practical use this will mean the necessity of supplementing the macronutrients from primary inorganic soil fertilisation with some foliar micronutrient feeding.


The history of agriculture goes back nearly 10000 years when man first took to domestication of plants and animals in the valleys of Euphrates and Tigris. For most of this period agriculture has been traditional, deriving relatively little support from science. It has been based largely on renewable resources of energy sunlight, rainfall, crop and animal residues and waste products with the microbial activity which decomposes them.


SYNOPSIS. Studies were carried out on the introduction of labeled precursors into the DNA of Paramecium aurelia (syngen 4, stock 51) by way of the bacteria that are used for food. A thymine-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (15 T−) was labeled by growth in either H3-methyl thymidine or 2-C14 bromouracil, washed free of the exogenous label, and fed to the paramecia. The tritium label from the bacteria was incorporated almost exclusively into the DNA of the paramecia, whereas it was much less specifically incorporated when introduced directly from the medium. The Cu label from bromouracil was also incorporated mainly into the DNA of the paramecia although a small amount appeared in RNA. The formation of labeled food vacuoles was followed. Food vacuoles were formed at a nearly constant rate, with the total number of vacuoles increasing throughout the cycle. The lifetime of the vacuoles was about 2.5 hours. Incorporation of the label into the DXA of the paramecia begins within a few minutes of the formation of the first labeled vacuole. DNA synthesis begins about 1.5 hr after the previous fission (total cell cycle about 5.8 hr) and progresses at a nearly constant rate throughout the remainder of the cycle.


From the Theater of Memory to the Laboratory of History. Museum exhibits and historical knowledge. The paper aims at discussing conditions for the production and appropriation ot historical knowledge, once a museum denies evocation and/or celebration of the past as its legitimate purpose. SeveraI premises are surveyed within the general framework of material cultureconcepts: the irreplaceable role of collections and the need of establishing historicalproblems as basic guidelines; the social constructionof the historicalobiect as distinguished fromthe epistemological construction of the historical document; the rhetorics of museum exhibits and the fetishist,metonymicand metaphoric uses of objects etc. Livingmuseums,museological contextualizations, installationsete. are criticallyanalysed and their benefits, risks and mischiefsassessed (special attention isassigned to the observational paradigm of knowledge, and the biases of a naif realism). Implications of History as a discursive cognitive process are then considered, emphasizing the importance of setting U p methodological responsabilities for historical museums (how to produce historica understanding through objects, how to understand society as it searches intelligibilityand auto-image through objects).


AbstractThe present paper deals with the treatment of paper and pulp industry wastewater through electrocoagulation in a batch reactor using aluminum as a sacrificial electrode. The effect of various parameters such as pH, treatment time, current density, and inter-electrode distance on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and color from pulp and paper industry wastewater has been investigated to determine the optimum process conditions. A central composite design has been used to design the experimental conditions for developing mathematical models to correlate the removal efficiency with the process variables. The optimum process condition for the maximum removal of COD, TOC, and color from pulp and paper industry wastewater have been found to be as pH: 7, treatment time: 75 min, current density: 115 A/m2, and inter-electrode distance: 1.5 cm with a combined desirability index value of 0.816. Under optimum operating conditions, the percent removals of COD, TOC, and co...


The Wisconsin Idea was the thought that the university should serve the society,which was advocated by University of Wisconsin.It appeared such new changes as the following:remote of service mode,diversification of service system,refinement of service object and marketization of service content in the contemporary.The transformation development of local universities in China encountered the dilemma,such as the school-running orientation failing to highlight the professionalism and social responsibility,lack of faculty awareness ability of social service,inadequacy of depth and dynamics of university service through government,enterprise,learning and research.The Wisconsin Idea had special reference to the transformation development of local universities.For them,it should locate the university as the"teaching-service-oriented university";attach great importance to the university function of social service;carry out social service activities vigorously,and broaden the field and ways of social service continually;advocate "teaching academic"and "service learning"concept,and strengthen the cultivation of"double-professional teachers".


Based on the production and detection procedures of a medical infusion connector, the original detection device was innovatively designed, and an airtightness detection device with automatic loading/unloading function was developed, in an effort to improve the loading/unloading efficiency and airtightness detection efficiency of the infusion connector and complete the automatic detection task at rate of 20-30 ones per min. The basic device composition of this infusion connector was introduced, and the basic structural features and working principles of each device were analyzed. The importance was attached to the calculation methods for key dimensions that influenced the detection quality and material loading, and in this way, while the batch material loading was realized, the difficulties in the airtightness detection and automatic sorting of finished products were solved. The original manual material loading was converted into automatic material loading and the frequency of simultaneous airtightness detection was increased, which reduced the amount of labor used, improved the overall production efficiency and lowered the production cost.


Competition and cooperation is a common topic in the current development of market economy, and it also occurs between China's civil air transport and high-speed railways. China's high-speed railway construction ranks first in the world. Its rapid growth and development have had a huge impact on China's air transport and will continue to affect. The paper starts with the current impact of high-speed railways on air transport, and compares various transportation impact factors such as speed, price, and transportation volume, and gives corresponding suggestions on how to reach a cooperation model for air-rail transportation. It is expected that civil air transport can in the pressure of competition, conflict with the inherent barriers to thinking, find a way to adapt to the development of the times.


Database intrusion detection is more difficult than host and network intrusion detection,as the database system is complex in its structure.There are many problems to solve in database intrusion detection.This paper proposes three kinds of presentations for database logs,utilizing the stability of SQL query structure and sequential pattern mining algorithm,which extracts the sequential patterns of roles to do intrusion detection.Furthermore,considering the application semantics of the given database,this paper utilizes the clustering functions of the database system to do the statistics of the changes on correlative attributes,so anomaly detection is done.The two methods are combined together considering the stability of the query structure of the database and the generality and the application semantics.Compared with either of the two methods,the test results prove this combined method has higher precision rate and lower false positive rate,false negative rate.


Abstract. The subject of this manuscript to determine the essential norm estimates for the composition operator over the Polylogarithmic Hardy space which was introduced by Rosenfeld in 2015. The discussion involves the development of Littlewood-Paley Identity for the Polylogarithmic Hardy space and as a consequence we get the Nevanlinna counting function for the Polylogarithmic Hardy space. With all these results, we get the complete function theoretic characterization of the compact composition operator over the Polylogarithmic Hardy space.


1 Division of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, 2 Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 3 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 4 Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 5 Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany


The properties of strong, magnetized, three‐dimensional double layers are studied. The double layers are produced by drawing a discharge to a large anode plate located in the diverging magnetic field region of a cylindrical argon discharge. If the anode voltage is sufficiently high, the electrons that are accelerated through the anode sheath may become sufficiently energetic to ionize the background neutral gas and transform the anode sheath into a strong double layer. The resulting conical‐shaped structures, which extend outward from the plate, have parallel, oblique, and perpendicular electric field components with respect to the magnetic field. The axial extent of these structures depends on the plate bias voltage, neutral gas pressure, and the magnetic field. At neutral gas pressures of a few millitorr, the double‐layer structures are visually apparent because of the enhanced light emission from neutrals excited by the energetic electrons. Color photographs of some of these structures are shown. The s...


Quality of Experience (QoE) is a human centric quality evaluation method which provides the blue print of human needs, perceptions, feelings and experiences with respect to a multimedia service. In a communications ecosystem, human interaction takes place alongside technological, contextual, and business domains, thus producing a holistic view on QoE formation. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between human perceived QoE and "context" for burgeoning 3-dimensional (3D) audio teleconferencing services. 3D audio teleconferencing applications are customizable by generating different virtual acoustic environments (VAE), where parameters such as virtual room size and competing talker conditions can be adjusted for a particular application. The impact of different VAE characteristics on perceived QoE, however, is still unknown. In this study, four QoE factors were investigated across different VAE scenarios. It was found that a) medium-size virtual rooms produce optimal perceived QoE, b) competing talkers of mixed gender could be easily located in the virtual space, and c) competing speaker gender had no significant effect on perceived audio quality


Centaurea genus is one of the largest in the Asteraceae family, containing at least 400 species with about 80 of them listed in Croatia, comprising 27 endemics. Although these plants are morphologically well described, there are occasional doubts in their botanical systematics. Recent promising approaches in botanical systematics include also genome size and detailed chromosome characterization, using methods for visualization of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes as GC- or AT- rich regions and rDNA. The essential oil composition may be used in chemotaxonomy of the species that contributes previous data on morphology and cytogenetics. Centaurea solstitialis L. is world spread invasive species, originating from Middle East, and well known on medicinal use in Turkey ethno pharmacology. Detailed cytogenetic study and essential oil phytochemical profile of C. solstitialis from Croatia were reported for the first time. The cytogenetic characterization of Centaurea solstitialis was assessed using flow cytometry, fluorochrome banding and Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Flow cytometry method, according to Marie and Brown (1993) were used to assess the total DNA amount. It showed karyotype of 2n=16 chromosomes, organized in four pairs of metacentric, two pairs of submetacentric and two pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Physical mapping of two rDNA probes revealed two loci of 35S and one locus of 5S rRNA genes. Chromomycin fluorochrome banding revealed that all rDNA loci were GC rich. The genome size (2C-value) of 1.95 pg classes this species in the group of very small genomes. Identification of the composition of the volatile oil was assessed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Volatile oil analysis showed 25 components, presenting the 94.9% of the VO with hexadecanoic acid (26.1%), α-linolenic acid (17.9%), germacrene D (15.3%) and heptacosane (8.1%) as quantitatively the most abundant components. Phytochemical and cytogenetic data obtained in this work will contribute to general knowledge of this species which has been, until now, rarely studied in this area of research. Data might be useful in management of C. solstitialis, as invasive species, as well as better valorization of this wild growing medicinal plant.


The thesis work entitled: "FINANCIAL EVALUATION TO THE COOPERATIVE SAVINGS AND CREDIT JUNE 22 OF THE PARISH ORIANGA CANTON PALLAS PROVINCE OF LOJA IN THE PERIOD" 2015 "whose objective is to evaluate the financial and economic performance of the cooperative and help the Managers to make favorable decisions for the entity. The specific objectives described below were taken into account for its elaboration. It has been done with the purpose of clearly knowing the financial and economic structure during an accounting period so that its executives can fulfill their activities performed by the entity, and in the same way can make timely decisions and verify compliance with Its institutional objectives. The vertical analysis will also be applied, which will determine the increase or decrease in the financial and economic structure of the cooperative in the period analyzed .Apply financial indicators through which the efficiency and effectiveness with which the Cooperative can be known, thus determining the financial and economic situation of the entity, thus fulfilling its institutional objectives. To provide the board of the Savings and Credit Cooperative June 22 the report containing conclusions and recommendations based on the results obtained and with that to inform the Cooperative of Savings and Credit June 22 the financial and economic situation generated in The period 2015 allowing managers to make the necessary decisions for their improvement.Through the application of the interview to the administrative assistant of the Savings and Credit Cooperative June 22, it was determined that the Financial Assessment was not carried out in any of the accounting periods as a complementary tool, in addition to not having an adequate methodology for To carry out this process, adding to this the ignorance of the application of vertical analysis, the financial indicators that are adequate to carry out this evaluation process.After analyzing the Financial Statements of the Savings and Credit Cooperative June 22, it could be determined that they were inadequately presented, since their financial and economic structure is not applied according to the financial system. For this reason it is considered the restructuring of the same taking into account the manual of the financial system so that the information obtained is clear and timely for its partners. It also requires the permanent training of the partners of the institution and the person in charge of financial administration in order to know the new accounting and legal provisions that lead to offer a quality service. When examining the results obtained after the Financial Assessment, it was possible to determine that the institution is stable since it presents optimal percentages in terms of the application of the financial indicators, showing that the institution is in a favorable position because it has sufficient capacity to Fulfill their immediate obligations. With respect to the application of indicators, it indicates that for every dollar that the Cooperative must in the short term have 29.03% to support these obligations, The Indebtedness shows that for every dollar that the Cooperative has invested in Assets 21.35% have been financed By the creditors, while Profitability indicates that the net profit in relation to the total assets corresponds to 1.15% which is equal to that for every dollar that the Cooperative has invested in total assets generated 0.01 cents of profit. Finally the respective conclusions are made where it is found that the absence of an Analysis to the Financial Statements that allowed to know the real financial and economic situation of the cooperative reason why it is recommended to the Executives the realization of the operative analysis either annually Or at least every two years for making sound decisions.


Purpose – This paper aims to study flow‐induced corrosion mechanisms for carbon steel in high‐velocity flowing seawater and to explain corrosive phenomena.Design/methodology/approach – An overall mathematical model for flow‐induced corrosion of carbon steel in high‐velocity flow seawater was established in a rotating disk apparatus using both numerical simulation and test methods. By studying the impact of turbulent flow using the kinetic energy of a turbulent approach and the effects of the computational near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters on corrosion rates, corrosion behavior and mechanism are discussed here. It is applicable in order to understand in depth the synergistic effect mechanism of flow‐induced corrosion.Findings – It was found that it is scientific and reasonable to investigate carbon steel corrosion through correlation of the near‐wall hydrodynamic parameters, which can accurately describe the influence of fluid flow on corrosion. The computational corrosion rates obtained by this model are ...


Summary We propose a new method to locate microseismic events induced by hydraulic fracturing with differential travel times and differential back azimuths with simultaneous anisotropic tomography. The tomography is constrained to 1-D layered VTI structure to improve stability given the limited passive seismic data. To account for the heterogeneities that deviate from a 1-D layer structure, we extended the double-difference method to include both differential travel times and back azimuths to eliminate the common errors that exist among the closely spaced microseismic events. By incorporating the relative information among events, the extended double-difference method can provide better relative locations for events, and therefore can delineate the fractures with better accuracy. We also derive analytical sensitivities for the elastic moduli ( ) and layer thickness for the layered VTI medium tomography, and verify the analytical results with numerical calculations. The forward modeled travel times and sensitivities are all calculated analytically without weak anisotropy assumption. With fast speed and good accuracy, our inversion scheme is especially suitable for real-time monitoring of the hydraulic fracturing. In the test with synthetic data, our method provides more accurate locations than the traditional methods.


To implement the human body scanning process, in this paper, we propose a novel 3D object modelling method based on multi-view depth camera. The main innovations of this paper lie in that we model 3D object via fusing several depth images captured from depth cameras. Different from the 3D scanner-based 3D object modelling, this proposed method is much cheaper and easier to operate. To construct the multiple depth camera system, a camera is located at the centre point, and others are positioned at four directions with the same intervals. Afterwards, a cost function is defined to fuse the multiple views of depth images based on depth map of the surface points. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively 3D scan the human body, and our method is slightly inferior to 3D scanner. However, the proposed depth camera based method is much cheaper and easier to master.


Purpose
This study aims to consider factors that play an important role in adopting the halal food standard (HFS) among food manufacturers in Pakistan and to investigate the role of the traceability system in the compliance of the halal assurance system (HAS).

Design/methodology/approach
Present study included data from a survey by 134 professionals/food technologists from the food industry, and partial least square-structural equation modeling was applied.

Findings
The results indicate that consumer pressure, industry competition, marketing functions, operational improvement and the organization's commitment have a significant impact on HFS adoption, while government regulations have an insignificant impact. The results also indicate that the HFS's adoption and lack of a traceability system significantly impact HAS.

Research limitations/implications
The current study's findings are inconclusive. Hence, future researchers are suggested to further explore the studied phenomena, especially in other research settings.

Practical implications
For policymakers, the findings of this study offer valuable information as it not only benefits the industry but will also assist in providing better and safer halal food products to consumers.

Originality/value
This study highlights the importance of the adoption of HFS and compliance with HAS in a scenario where demand for Halal is increasing globally. Moreover, the findings of this study offer valuable information in motivating firms to implement HFS.


This paper presents a technique of enlarging the domain of attraction (DOA) for non-polynomial systems using state feedback controllers. In order to deal with such a problem, we intend to extend our technique for the estimation of the DOA for non-polynomial systems presented in [1] to controller design, which maximizes the guaranteed DOA induced by quadratic Lyapunov functions (QLF). The state feedback controller design is formulated as a minimum-maximum optimization problem. A lower and upper bound of the approximation error of the non-polynomial terms on a predefined interval is determined. These bounds are used to adapt the theorem of Ehlich and Zeller [2] to non-polynomial systems. The aim of this contribution is to show that lower and upper bounds of the maximized DOA with a corresponding controller can be obtained. Moreover, two conditions for the tightness of the lower and upper bounds are established. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by an example with two different controllers.


The Alma-Ata Conference promoted Primary Health Care (PHC) worldwide as a form of universal and continuous access to quality and effective health services. In Brazil, PHC, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), aims to be the gateway to the health system and its structuring axis. For this, it is necessary to promote access, an essential condition for the quality of health care services, following the attributes systematized by Barbara Starfield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the attribute "First Contact Access" on the perspective of adult users of public PHC services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A transversal study was carried out, in 19 PHC Units, from June to December 2019, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) Brazil version for adult users. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 233 users participated, mostly women (69.5%), aged 30 to 59 years old (55.3%), mixed-race (69.5%), with complete high school (38.2%), without private health coverage (89.3%), homeowners (68.7%) and belonging to families of up to 4 members (87.9%). The "Accessibility" component had the lowest score, 2.83, and the "Utilization" had the highest score, 8.06. Older age was associated with higher "Accessibility" scores (p = 0,018), while lower values of "Utilization" were associated with higher education (p = 0,004). The main problems observed were: low access for acute demand consultations, lack of access at nighttime and weekends, little access through non-personal ways, bureaucratic barriers and a long time for scheduling appointments. We conclude that, although there was an improvement in PHC coverage in the city over the years, mainly due to FHS, there is still a lot to improve to ensure timely access to health services.

 Users consider PHC as the usual source of care, demonstrated by the high score of 'Utilization', however, they are unable to use it when necessary, demonstrated by the low score of 'Accessibility'. Expanding forms of access is essential to contribute to the strengthening of PHC in Fortaleza, Brazil, facilitating the entry to its national Universal Health System.


As lighting systems of library in university are of low intelligence,poor energy efficiency and waste seriously,the energy-saving lighting control system is designed based on users' behavior inorder to achieve green lighting requirements about energy efficiency. Meanwhile,the system provides users with a more comfortable lighting by considering the reader's personal habits. The control system with simple structure shows convenient construction,as a better solution to energy-saving lighting in library with inexpensive technological means.


Objective:To investigate the variation of HE4 and CA125 concentration in human ovarian carcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance.Methods:ELISA study for HE4 concentration and electrochemistry irradiance study for CA125 and CEA concentration in human ovarian carcinoma.Results:The masculine rate of HE4 and CA125 was 57.69% and 60.25% in the malignant group.While the masculine rate of HE4 and CA125 combinated detection was 80.76%.Furthermore statistics analysis results displayed that the variation of HE4 and CA125 concentration was correlated with ascites(P0.05) in total experiment objects.In addition,the CEA concentration was not associated with clinicopathological parameters(P0.05).Conclusion:Expression of HE4 and CA125 are up-regulated significantly in human ovarian carcinoma,and overexpression of HE4 may play an important role in oncogenesis and development of ovarian carcinoma.HE4 may have potential significant indicatrix complementaried with CA125.


ABSTRACT: And this brief study reflects on the expansion of the Voluntary Jurisdiction or noin the CPC / 2015 on the concensuality and a non-adversary field and of homologation, previously rejected, contained in the hypotheses in which one goes to court only in search of the seal of approval and peace of the agreement Extrajudicial, now expressly introduced in the VIII of art. 725 of the CPC / 2015.
It provides art. 725 of CPC / 2015, which shall "proceed in the manner set forth in this Section", that is, by voluntary jurisdiction, "the request for" (...) "homologation of out-of-court settlement of any kind or value" .
The detailed examination of the Voluntary Jurisdiction shows that this is another non-adjudicatory, non-conflicting, consensual and concerted judicial alternative for the solution of misconduct between any interested parties, but also between the administration and the Administration. It is true that there are other functions tha


Ghost effects and obscured areas are common problems that occur when dealing with the generation of digital true orthophotos. Tall objects such as buildings and sudden relief changes will lead to problems where hidden objects arise, due to the relief displacement caused by the perspective planes. Several images are needed to get full coverage of the area which is also used in filling up the occluded area. These issues are often discussed by many researchers in order to reduce or even eliminate the problems. In this paper, the research on certain techniques used to overcome such matters will be elaborated.


Petrographic study of a well-exposed submarine canyon fill sequence indicates that petrologic variation corresponds to changes in relative sea level. These changes are recorded as textural variation in the canyon fill: a basal coarse-grained unit capped by a middle fine-grained unit records a rise in sea level, and an upper coarse-grained unit records a temporary fall in sea level. These sea level fluctuations do not correlate with published eustatic sea level curves, although the temporary fall may be recorded on a regional (San Diego to San Carlos, 400 km) scale. Sandstone samples from the lower and upper coarse-grained units contain higher concentrations of volcanic rock fragments and plagioclase than the middle fine-grained unit, whereas the middle fine-grained unit contains higher concentrations of quartz and K-feldspar. Fluctuations in relative sea level may have been controlled by tectonic or magmatic events: (1) a tectonically controlled rise in relative sea level could have resulted in longer residence tie of the sediment in a nearshore environment, causing increased mechanical and chemical weathering of the least-resistant grains (i.e., plagioclase and volcanic fragments) relative to quartz and K-feldspar; or (2) a temporary lull in volcanism could have resulted in increased dissection of the arc and decreasedmore » sediment input due to lowered base level within the arc, resulting in a marine transgression and an increase in the concentration of quartz and K-feldspar in the sediment. The lack of significant alteration of the feldspar grains in the fine-grained unit relative to the coarse-grained units may favor the second hypothesis.« less


We study single-photon emission of a classically pumped three-level Λ-type emitter in a high-Q cavity. In particular, generation of singlephoton time-bin double-peak wave packets is shown.


ff$7I A M Dean Howells had occasion to comment as a reviewer and editorial writer upon a wide variety of issues popular during the closing decades of the nineteenth century, especially ideas on social and biological evolution. From such writers as Clarence King, Thorstein Veblen, and John Fiske he assimilated sometimes contradictory beliefs about evolutionary change. In his novel The Landlord at Lion's Head (1897), he describes evolution in a way new for him: as the dynamism of a vitalistic principle in nature. This notion of a living presence in nature marks a departure from Howells' usual realism, which, adhering to the "scientific" literary theories of his day, treated nature as a significant but wholly material force. Although critics have documented allusions to biological evolution in his fiction, they have not analyzed this aspect of Howells' evolutionism.1 His conception of an evolving life-force leads Howells to imply the relativistic nature of historical


Single-crystal germanium-on-insulator (GOI) structures are essential to integrate high-speed transistors, high-efficiency solar cells, and non-volatile spintronic memories on a panel, because GOI structures can be used as templates for epitaxial growth of multi-functional materials, as well as channel layers with high-carrier mobility. We investigate formation of high-density nanostructured single crystalline GOI templates by SiGe-mixing-triggered rapid melting growth. The GOI structures consisting of dense strip-arrays and mesh-networks are examined. For strip-array patterns, rotation in crystal orientation along the growth direction is observed. However, such crystal rotation has been completely suppressed by employing mesh-network patterns. This enables high-density single-crystal GOI templates with narrow spacing (<;500nm). Moreover, epitaxial growth of Ge on the GOI templates is examined by a molecular beam technique.


This paper analyses the function of staistical method and its applied requirement for enterprises and expounds the basic thoughts by which the effectiveness of implementing the statistical technology could be increased.


Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) occurs in 30–50% of adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), with mortality ranging from 16 to 50% and a median survival of 25 months. Our objective was to use gene expression profiling to develop a gene signature predictor for PAH through the analysis of gene expression of blood cells from SCD patients with or without PAH. We hypothesized that these gene signatures could allow us to identify patients at risk for PAH, as well as to generate hypotheses as to the pathophysiology of PAH in SCD. We used Affymetrix U133A2 GeneChip to determine the RNA expression of both whole blood and leukocytes using PAXgene and Leukolock methods, respectively. The study population included patients homozygous for HbS or with HbSβ thalassemia. Subjects with PAH were ≥18 years old, in steady state, and had PAH either by 2D echo (TR jet ≥ 2.7 m/sec) or right-sided catheterization (mean PA pressure ≥ 30 mmHg). Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, had co-existing rheumatologic conditions or other inflammatory diseases, were on chronic transfusion therapy or had had a vaso-occlusive episode in the previous 4 weeks. The control subjects were patients with SCD but without PAH (TR jet ≤ 1.8 m/sec or mean PA pressure <25 mmHg). Hierarchical clustering based on the gene expression pattern from 7 patients with PAH and 6 controls showed a trend for the clustering of SCD patients with PAH away from SCD patients without PAH. This trend was present for the gene expression in both whole blood and leukocytes. A Bayesian regression analysis was then performed to identify a set of predictor gene signatures for the PAH phenotype (Figure 1) in SCD. Finally, using gene set enrichment analysis, we found that the leukocytes from patients with PAH were highly enriched in the gene sets deriving from hematopoietic stem cells, corroborating the hypothesis of hyperhemolysis and higher blood cell turnover in this population. Other pathways showing upregulation in PAH were PTEN, TGFβ, cyclin D1, WNT and PPAR. Although these data are preliminary, they suggest that PAH in SCD does indeed have a distinct gene signature profile that may become useful in identifying risk for PAH prospectively, as well as in directing further investigation into the pathogenesis of PAH in SCD.

![Figure][1]

Figure

 [1]: pending:yes


Currently, solar flares are under observation on the RT-7.5 radio telescope of BMSTU. This telescope operates in a little-studied range of the spectrum, at wavelengths of 3.2 and 2.2 mm (93 and 140 GHz), thereby providing unique information about parameters of the chromosphere plasma and zone of the temperature minimum. Observations on various instruments provided relatively small amount of data on the radio emission flare at frequencies close to 93 GHz, and at frequency of 140 GHz such observations were not carried out. For these reasons, data collected from the RT-7.5 radio telescope are of high value (Shustikov et al., 2012). This work describes modeling and gives interpretation of the reason for raising flux density spectrum of sub-millimeter radio frequency emission using as an example the GOES flare of class M 5.3 occurred on 04.07.2012 in the active region 11515. This flare was observed on the RT-7.5 radio telescope of BMSTU and was described by Shustikov et al. (2012) and by Smirnova et al. (2013), where it has been suggested that the reason for raising radio frequency emission is a bremsstrahlung of the thermal electrons in the hot plasma of the solar chromosphere. Rough estimates of the plasma temperature at the flare source were obtained. This paper proposes model calculations of the flux density spectrum of the sub-millimeter radio emission based on the gyrosynchrotron Fleischman-Kuznetsov code (Fleishman & Kuznetsov, 2010). Section 1 briefly describes observational data, tools and processing methods used in the work. Section 2 shows results of modeling the flare radio emission. Section 3 discusses results and conclusions. Numerical modeling the sub-millimeter part of the spectrum of the radio flux density for the GOES flare of class M5.3 has been carried out. This flare occurred in the active region 11515 on 04.07.2012. Modeling was based on the observations on the BMSTU's RT-7.5 radio telescope. The paper draws conclusion based on the model that the reason for raising flux density spectrum of sub-millimeter radio emission of flare is thermal bremsstrahlung plasma radiation with a temperature of 0.1 mK.


Summary Experiments were made to assess the nutritive value of expeller-proeessed mustard cake (MS) for egg-type and meat-type chicks. Eight samples of MS on average contained 37·2% crude protein, 27·5% true protein, 12·6% available carbohydrate and 2·09 % tannins. The average metabolizable energy content (ME) of eight samples of MS for egg-type and meat-type chicks were 2350 and 2300 kcal/kg respectively. MS in the diet replacing groundnut cake (GN) which formed 30–32 % of the control diets was found to have no effect on growth rate of the chicks of either breed although there was thyroid enlargement. MS was also found not to affect the body composition of the chicks.


This study defined engineering mechanism and compensation method to establish reference pressure of smoke control zone with atmospheric pressure that is compensated for temperature. The reliable controller of integration smoke control was developed by establishing the specifications, algorithms and constructing engineering data. The development of controller for integration smoke control can cut down number of processes, manufacturing and installation cost by removing pressure measurement pipe established separately for non smoke control zone, and improve the accuracy of pressure differential by embedding pressure measurement ports for non smoke control zone. More correct and reliable pressure differentials can be obtained by the central control from controller of integration smoke control rather than the existent individual control. This will provide the basics and the flexibility to the integral smoke control system and accordingly improve the performance of disaster prevention.


A one-dimensional in situ model, to be used for short-range forecasting, has been developed. It has been designed to describe the evolution of weather in an operational environment. The basic idea is to utilise the dynamical tendencies from a complete three-dimensional model run, which have been stored at the places where the one-dimensional model is to be run. Moreover, the initial state of the model is composed from the three-dimensional model profile, and also from more recent local observations. Also, more local physiographical information is taken into account. It has been shown that this approach can produce extra skill for short-range forecasts. Low-level clouds are difficult to predict in both the three-dimensional model and in this model approach, although some improvements have been achieved.


Combined with the practical situation of the hilly and gullied area in the north Shanxi province,it does analysis to the existing condition of drainage,pollution characteristics and drainage system selection,and does discussion to the design characteristics and the matters need attention of the drainage pipe network of the small and medium sized towns in the hilly and gullied area of the loess plateau.


I am honored as well as humbled to be here with you this morning as the 2011 American Association for Health Education (AAHE) Scholar. There is no greater recognition than the recognition from peers. As we just heard during the AAHE General Meeting, the health education profession is evolving. There is little doubt that the choices being made today by all of us as health educators will affect the future of health education in great ways. These are intentional choices that will allow the profession to meet the needs of health educators in all settings and continue to be a strong advocate for health education research, policy, and practice. I am proud to be a member of this profession and to be engaged in what I think will be a turning point for the profession. Like all of my esteemed AAHE Scholar recipients before me, our passion, our career, and our profession has been a journey. I want to provide a brief glimpse of my journey, of how I got where I am today, and acknowledge a few peoplewho helped me make some good choices along the way.


We consider an economy in which agents are embedded in a network of potential value-generating relationships. Agents are assumed to be able to participate in three types of economic interactions: Autarkic self-provision; bilateral interaction; and multilateral collaboration through endogenously provided platforms.


In this paper, a novel dynamic event‐triggered control scheme is presented for linear time‐invariant systems. Under this control scheme, criteria that guarantee the asymptotic stability and the L2 ‐stability are derived, by which the triggered parameters and the feedback gain can be codesigned. The stability criteria are derived by using Lyapunov‐based analysis tools, and a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is constructed to further reduce conservatism. Moreover, the projection technique and the mathematical induction are introduced in the stability analysis. Compared with the existing results for static strategies, the proposed dynamic strategy is more flexible and generates fewer events. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new scheme.


The first stages of developing indoor communication systems operating at frequencies beyond 300 GHz are currently undeway. In this paper, an integrated simulation environment is introduced, where the system parameters of future THz communication systems can be estimated under realistic hardware and propagation conditions. It is shown how this simulation environment can be used to determine the most critical parameters in the whole system and may be used to derive requirements for the development of hardware components. Exemplary simulation results, taking into account various factors of influence (different modulation schemes, antenna gains and wall materials), are presented.


FIGURE 1. Graphs of Analysis of Covariance of arm number (A) and arm spine number (B, C) of MACN specimens of " Ophiacantha vivipara " from the Patagonian Shelf (n = 59), South Georgia (n = 26, fig. 1 C only) and South Shetland / Sandwich Islands (n = 26). All analyses were significant, i. e. arm number and arm spine number differed between populations when disc diameter was incorporated as a covariate.


A large class of models descriptive of natural and behavioral phenomena can be characterized by an equation of the form y=F[x,ß] +e, where y is the dependent variable of particular interest, F[x,ß] is a function of some variables x and parameters ß, and e is an error component. The model can be particularized in a bewildering number of ways by specifying various kinds of statistical properties of y, x, and e, and forms for F[x,ß]. For example, y and x may be random or fixed variables, and F[x,ß] may be a linear or nonlinear function (in the usual algebraic sense) of the ß. If the F[x,ß] is ß-nonlinear, then statistical literature terms the model nonlinear, whereas if F[x,ß] is #-nonlinear, the model is called curvilinear. Semantically, this distinction is not too clear, and it consequently has led to confusion. Nevertheless, it is very important. The equation y = ßiΛ;i + ß2#2 + e is both ß-linear and #-linear; whereas y = ß±x±+ ß2x2+ß3X1X2+ e is ß-linear and #-nonlinear because of the term x±x2. The equation y = ß1x1-\(ß±) (ß2)#2 + e is ß-nonlinear and #-linear, but y — ßιXι-\ ̄ {ß2) {ß3)x2 ̄\ ̄e is ß-nonlinear and #-nonlinear. We have made these distinctions at some length because we find this classification system convenient for part of this review. If y = F[x,ß] +e is looked at as a prediction model, it is usual to assume that y, x, and e are random variables and that F[x9ß] is ß-linear. Also, in this case, if a particular set of values for x = X is given with X and e uncorrelated, and if the elements of e have expected values of zero and if they are independently distributed with constant common variance, then the model is known as one of multiple regression. Particular care needs to be taken to select a proper regression model. Guidance in this matter is difficult to obtain; experience and professional training are the best aids. A much-needed general discussion of model


Gamma irradiation of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant (industrial 90% and domestic 10%) indicated that a dose of 15 kGy destroys fat and oils (33%), detergents (92%), chemi- cal oxygen demand (11%), phenols (50%) and more than 99% of the total bacteria count. Irradiated and unirradiated sewage sludge sam- ples were evaluated as conditioner of soils using cultivation of oats with different proportions of soil and both irradiated and unirradiated sludge. Experiment with proportions of 60/40 of soil and irradiated sludge respectively provide a good test of the use of sewage sludge as conditioner of soils. Gamma radiation does not destroy heavy metals. Irradiated sludge can be applied as conditioner of soils only if the content of heavy metals are according with the normative of agricul-


OBJECTIVES
To compare the biosocial and academic profile and stress levels between first- and last-year nursing students from a public university in Sao Paulo.

METHODS
This is an analytic and quantitative study. A biosocial and academic form and the instrument for Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students by Costa and Polak were applied to 83 students between February and March 2016.

RESULTS
Insufficient income and extracurricular activities contribute to higher levels of stress in both groups of students assessed. Fourth-year students showed higher levels of general stress, particularly generated by the factors: performance of practical activities, professional communication, environment and professional training. Time management produces higher stress in first-year students.

CONCLUSIONS
Fewbiosocial and academic features equally contribute for the stress levels in first- and last-year nursing students, but those in last-year present higher stress than students who are starting the course.


Previous research has documented effects of the order in which response choice are offered to respondents using closed-ended items, but none of those reseach are made in spanish lenguage. Using dato from a split ballot experiment in a survey, we test some predictions made by the theory about what kind of response order effect would be expected (primacy/recency effect) and among which respondents are should be strongest.


Based on the maximum entropy principle and the mass conservation law,biodiesel/diesel blended fuel droplet size distribution function was derived and then its model was established.The numerical simulations of biodiesel/diesel blended fuel and diesel were carried on with the model and were compared with the test results.The results show that,with the increase of biodiesel mixing ratio,fuel viscosity rises,spray cone angle decreases,and sauter mean diameter increases.A good agreement is acquired between numerical and experimental results.


The invention discloses a method for applying QoS by end-to-end. The method comprises the following steps: a universal service interface USI system receives a QoS application transmitted by an application server, and generates a QoS request to be transmitted to a policy and charge control PCC system; and the USI system transmits the generated QoS request to the PCC system, and receives a QoS distribution result transmitted by the PCC system. The invention also discloses application of end-to-end quality of service QoS. With the adoption of the method, the PCC system services a dynamic QoS interface to the USI system so as to realize a function that dynamic QoS capability of a WiMAX system services for third-party application through the USI interface. An upper application entity provides service required QoS information for the PCC system through the USI system so as to realize transmission and negotiation between the upper application entity and the QoS information of the PCC system, thereby realizing service for the dynamic QoS capability of an access network, and end-to-end QoS guarantee from the upper application and the access network.


Infection with SARS-CoV2 does not spare pregnant women and the possibility of vertical transmission which might lead to fetal damages is pending.

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that the observed low incidence of perinatal infection could be related to a low expression of the membrane receptor for SARS-CoV2, ACE2, in the fetal-placental unit. We evaluated protein expression of ACE2 both in placentas and fetal organs from non-infected pregnancies across gestation.

METHODS
Discovery study. Immunocytochemistry analysis for ACE2 in organs and placentas were performed in May 2020, in samples from a registered biobank. Five cases of medical termination of pregnancy performed at between 15 and 38 weeks' in healthy women. Paraffin-embedded tissues (kidneys, brain, lungs, intestinal tract, heart). Matching tissues from 8-year-old children (N=4) were tested as controls. Seven placentas including those of the 5 cases, 1 of a 7-week miscarriage and 1 of a symptomatic SARS-COV2 pregnancy at 34 weeks. Tissues' sections were incubated with rabbit monoclonal anti-ACE2. Protein expression of ACE2 was detected by immunochemistry.

RESULTS
ACE2 expression was detected in fetal kidneys, rectum and ileum across gestation and similarly in the pediatric control. It was barely detectable in lungs at 15 weeks' and not found thereafter. In the pediatric control, ACE2 was only detectable in type 2 pneumocytes. No ACE2 expression was found in the cerebral ependymal, parenchyma nor in cardiac tissues ACE2 was expressed in syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast from 7th weeks' onwards and across gestation but not in the amnion. Similar intensity and distribution of ACE2 staining were identified in the mother's SARS-CoV2 placenta.

CONCLUSIONS
Marked placental expression of ACE2 provides a rationale for vertical transmission at cellular level. Absence of ACE2 expression in the fetal brain and heart is reassuring on the risk of congenital malformation. Clinical follow-up of infected pregnant women and their children are needed to validate these observations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Software development often requires knowledge beyond what developers already possess. In such cases, developers have to seek help from different sources of information. As a metacognitive skill, help seeking influences software developers' efficiency and success in many situations. However, there has been little research to provide a systematic investigation of the general process of help seeking activities in software engineering and human and system factors affecting help seeking. This paper reports our empirical study aiming to fill this gap. Our study includes two human experiments, involving 24 developers and two typical software development tasks. Our study gathers empirical data that allows us to provide an in-depth analysis of help-seeking task structures, task strategies, information sources, process model, and developers' information needs and behaviors in seeking and using help information and in managing information during help seeking. Our study provides a detailed understanding of help seeking activities in software engineering, the challenges that software developers face, and the limitations of existing tool support. This can lead to the design and development of more efficient and usable help seeking support that helps developers become better help seekers.


Safer shipping demands a safety culture, under which, in this paper, fatigue as a contributing factor in marine casualties are identified. The negative effects and the possible causes of fatigue are also discussed, and some relevant requires in STCW 95 are suggested. Finally, one possible ?+2攕olution is introduced. [


Voltage-driven non-volatile 180° magnetization switching without electric current provides an energy efficiency alternative to current-driven spintronics. Here, by using the finite-element method (FEM) which combined the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert micromagnetics with elastodynamic and electrostatics, we numerically demonstrate the application of the strain-mediated magnetoelectric (ME) effect for voltage control magnetization switching in ME heterostructures (e.g., a heterostructure consisting of a square-shaped nickel nano-magnet on top of the piezoelectric island with two pairs of electrodes around the nano-magnet element). This full 180° magnetization switching with voltage is applied by utilizing both the in-plane piezostrains and magnetic-shaped anisotropy of ME heterostructures. FEM simulation results clearly demonstrate that the magnetization in the nano-magnet can be switched unidirectionally to complete a 180° magnetization under two sets of voltage pulse. These results provide useful information for the design of low-power and fast voltage controlled spintronics.


Through using the method of literature review,this paper makes discussion on vari- ous socialized theories and basic concept of sport socialization.Based on hypothesis and induc- tion of sport socialization,the research advancement on sport socialization has been reviewed. From the aspects of research method and view,the further prospects for sport socialization have been proposed.


This study was conducted to determine the impact of digital HRM practices on employee's performance in the Textile shops of Kottayam District. Random sampling technique was used to collect data for this research study. A questionnaire was distributed among 30 employees of selected textile shops for data collection. Presently in all sort of textile shops are changing or upsetting the customary HRM functions like Recruitment, determination, preparing and Development, execution examination and compensation by receiving the Internet and new technological devices with the inventive HR practices. Subsequently, in the most recent decade, the utilization of innovation in the textile segment has significantly changed the substance of the human resource management functions.


Abstract Parental work stress was associated with parenting irritability and use of harsh disciplinary practices, but little is known about how daily fluctuations in work stress proliferate to everyday parenting practices in the context of multigenerational living. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined how grandparental coresidence moderates the link between daily work stress and parent-to-child aggression (PCA). Using propensity scores, we matched 129 three-generation households with 133 two-generation households in Zhengzhou, China, based on multiple family characteristics. Parents in both groups completed daily questionnaires for 15 consecutive days. Fixed effects models estimated the within-person associations between parent daily work stress and PCA among the two comparison groups. We found substantial daily fluctuations in parent work stress and PCA. The association between parent daily work stress and PCA significantly varied between two- and three-generation families and was only significant among the former. We conclude that co-residing grandparent(s) could be an important resource that buffers the work-to-PCA stress proliferation. Child abuse prevention programs would likely benefit from concerting with policies supporting the wellbeing of older adults and programs promoting work-life balance.


The UK government must direct more resources for health and social care towards families and children who are being "disproportionately" affected by austerity measures and welfare changes, doctors have urged.

Delegates at the BMA's annual representative meeting in Harrogate this week overwhelmingly backed a motion calling on the government to provide adequate resources for community and family support schemes; to increase investment in programmes …


Experimental design is an excellent method for characterizing and optimizing a process. Economical designs, such as those described in this article, are useful for gaining rapid knowledge of the effects of variables and their interactions, with a minimu..


: Thousands of railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from their work.

OBJECTIVE
This study calculates the social and economic burdens of COPD borne by thousands of MOW workers.

METHODS
Economic calculations are derived from the literature and also from a survey of 4,800 MOW respondents, 155 in-depth interviews, and two focus groups.

RESULTS
COPD alone costs at least $179 million over the course of cases currently diagnosed among MOW workers. Many individuals work through significant pain and breathing difficulties or have to leave the profession. Some are crippled for life.

CONCLUSION
When a worker has COPD, beyond pain and suffering, there are often financial burdens that affect families, railroad companies, insurers, communities, and taxpayers as well as the injured workers.