As the world's number one sport,football has become the one that attracts the most number of people.Football sports itself is characterized by integrity,high intensity and fast rhythm.Also,football game is a special kind of cultural forms.It is entertaining,unlimited by peoples,regions and languages.It is hardly influenced by non-cultural factors.The socialization of football sports can not only deepen people's understanding of their body,life,environment,and physical education,but also improve their cognition of the social significance of competitive activities in the process of internalizing rules and ethics of competition.


PRESENTATION OF CASE A 22-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of intermittent abdominal pain. In the weeks before presentation, the pain worsened, became constant, and exacerbated by movement or eating. The pain localized to her right upper quadrant and radiated to the epigastric region. She had associated nausea and occasional nonbloody emesis. In addition, she noted early satiety and weight loss of approximately 30 pounds in the 3 months before admission. She denied fever, chills, night sweats, constipation, diarrhea, melena, or hematochezia. The patient had a history of depression and hemorrhoidectomy. She took no medications and had no known allergies. She lived with her fiancé. She smoked a half pack of cigarettes daily and drank alcohol in social settings. She denied illicit substance use. Her maternal grandmother had gastric cancer and a maternal uncle had leukemia. Physical examination showed a thin Caucasian woman in no acute distress. The temperature was 98.6°F, blood pressure 108/75 mm Hg, pulse 78 beats per minute, respirations 12 per minute, and pulse oximetry 97% while breathing ambient air. Head was normocephalic without alopecia. Sclerae were anicteric; pupils were equal and reactive to light and accommodation. The oropharynx was normal. The neck was supple, without thyromegaly or jugular venous distention. The lungs were clear throughout. The cardiovascular examination was normal. The abdomen was thin and soft, with epigastric and right upper quadrant tenderness to deep palpation. A palpable fullness was noted inferior to the right costal margin along the midclavicular line. There was no distention, rebound, or guarding. The spleen was not palpable. The extremities and neurologic examinations were normal as was the skin examination, except for multiple tattoos. There was no detectable lymphadenopathy. Laboratory data are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a heterogenous 8.9 7.2-cm mass in the left lobe of the liver (Figure 1). Enlarged gastrohepatic and aortocaval lymph nodes were present. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 13.8 10.5 8.9-cm mass replacing the majority of the left hepatic lobe, extending toward the porta hepatis with compression on the caudate lobe and stomach. The mass was heterogeneous but predominately isointense to hepatic parenchyma with decreased signal intensity centrally. Extensive matted lymphadenopathy was present in the celiac, portal caval, gastrohepatic, porta hepatis, and mesenteric regions. The portal vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric veins were compressed but patent. The pancreas was displaced but not invaded by the mass. A diagnostic test was performed.


Are apprenticeships valuable for firms? Economists once thought that firms do not pay to develop occupational skills that workers could use in other, often competing, firms. Now, researchers recognize that most firms benefit from investing in apprenticeship training. Firms gain from the apprentice's contributions to production, reduced turnover and training costs, and more certainty that all workers have the same high levels of expertise.


A Qualitative Study of the Pound Down Syndrome Among the Elderly Who Live Alone by Nancy Lum B.A. (University of California at Berkeley) 1992 A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Health and Medical Sciences in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA at BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Andrew E. Scharlach, Chair Dr. R. Jan Gurley Professor William A. Satariano 1995


In this article presents the obtained data on research the effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the vegetative organs of cotton in conditions of normal and insufficient water regime. On the basis of the obtained results was revealed that the treatment of the vegetative organs of cotton with EMF will accelerate the growth-development, ripeness and resistance to water deficiency.
KEY WORDS: cotton, processing, vegetative organs, low-frequency electromagnetic fields, water supply, plant height, between nodes, cotton boll.


For the diagnosis and prognosis of glaucoma a good knowledge and correct measurement of intraocular tension is of great importance. Most easy method to assess the intraocular tension is by digital palpation, but it does not give us the idea of correct tension. The other quite scientific and accurate method of measuring tension is by Schiotz tonometer. Formerly when Sch i~ tz tonometer was being used the question of play of elastic resistance of the eyeball tunic was not taken in consideration. Friedenwald has shown that elastic resistance of the sclera determines the value of tensile force, which acts as an additional factor to altered intraocular pressure, when Schiotz tonometer is put on the cornea. More the scleral rigidity the more is the tensile force and the variable the indentation producedmore incorrect idea of the intraocular tension is given. Thus importance of scleral rigidity must be kept in mind, when Schiatz tonometer is being used. Greater the scleral rigidity greater is the coefficient of the ocular rigidity. Intraocular tension must be calculated in accordance with coefficient of ocular rigidity. As the colour of uveal tissue, development of cataract and various physiological processes vary from race to race, so I took up this project of finding out the value of coefficient of ocular rigidity in Indians.


Captopril (CAP), an ACE inhibitor, is widely used in the therapy of cardiovascular disease. Quercetin (QUE), a plant-derived flavonol that exerts cardioprotective activity through its antioxidant mechanism. A combination of CAP and QUE may produce synergistic or antagonistic cardioprotective effects. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics interaction of QUE and CAP in Doxorubicin (Dox) induced oxidative myocardial damage in rats. Rats were pretreated with normal saline, QUE (10 mg/kg), and CAP (30 mg/kg) alone and in combination orally for 14 days. On the 14th day of treatment, rats were injected with Dox (10mg/kg single dose i.p) for the induction of myocardial damage. There was a substantial fall and rise in activities of marker enzymes such as CK-MB, LDH, AST, and ALT in serum and elevation of ST-segment, increased QT interval, and HR upon Dox administration. Pretreatment with QUE and CAP alone significantly restored the above parameters. But, the Concomitant pretreatment with QUE and CAP was found to be less significantly restored the Dox-induced alterations. The present study suggests that concomitant pretreatment with CAP and QUE could attenuate cardiovascular protection than that of alone pretreatment. It may be due to the antagonistic effect between the two drugs.


Immunity in respect of words spoken or written, means indemnification from liability under rules governing tort in criminal and civil law, particularly protection against defamation. Such indemnification relates only to statements in connection with the subject matter of the UPC proceedings and the parties to such proceedings. For any statements made outside that sphere, the legal rules governing the tort of defamatory statements apply without restriction. Within this sphere of protection, it does not matter whether or not the statement was necessary.


An investigation of the errors arising in pulsed-wire anemometer measurements of the Reynolds stresses in turbulent flows is described. Attention is concentrated first on a theoretical approach, in which an idealized yaw response and an assumed form for the joint velocity probability-density distribution are used to determine the errors in measurements of, principally, $\overline{uv}$ and $\overline{v^2}$ when the probe is used like an ordinary single slanted hot wire. Actual pulsed-wire measurements in a range of turbulent shear flows are then compared with crossed-hot-wire results and with the theoretically simulated pulsed-wire response obtained from calculations and the crossed-wire data. It is shown that whilst pulsed-wire measurements of lateral intensity and shear stress are inevitably rather unsatisfactory in regions of low intensity (less than 10%, say) they agree reasonably well with crossed-wire measurements in flows where the intensities are higher, but do not exceed those for which sensible corrections to cross-wire data are possible (up to, say, 30%). In this medium-intensity range, however, the pulsed-wire errors are found to be critically dependent on the finite limit of the pulsed wire's yaw response; it seems that acceptable measurements can only be made if this exceeds about 75°. Beyond an intensity of about 30% the errors in $\overline{v^2} $ measurements (which are usually much higher than those for $\overline{uv}$) become less dependent on the exact nature of the yaw response and invariably decrease with increasing intensity. They can, with care, be made as low as 15%. It is concluded that pulsed-wire measurements of the Reynolds stresses can be made with an accuracy similar to that of crossed-wire measurements in medium-intensity flows. Such measurements are certainly adequate for many practical purposes in high-intensity flows where hot-wire techniques are useless.


The priming effects of obstructive jaundice by bile duct ligation on interleukin (IL)-18-induced hepatic injury are investigated. The production of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; increased 3 days after bile duct ligation. Subsequent IL-18 injection to rats with obstructive jaundice caused by BDL resulted in prominent interferon-&ggr; production and hepatic injury. These results suggest that IL-18 with IL-12 and/or tumor necrosis factor-&agr; have synergistic effects on the induction of hepatic injury via interferon-&ggr; production on this model.


SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION RECITALS TWO PROGRAMS OF ORCHESTRAL MUSIC AND ONE PROGRAM OF OPERA by Mélisse Brunet Chair: Kenneth Kiesler The dissertation consisted of three conducting recitals. RECITAL 1 November 15, 2015, 2:00 p.m., Power Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Performed by University Symphony Orchestra and Opera Theater of the School of Music Theater and Dance, University of Michigan. Program: Gianni Schicchi, Giacomo Puccini. RECITAL 2 January 10, 2016, 5:00 p.m., McIntosh Theatre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Works performed by an assembled orchestra of students of the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance. Program: Symphony No. 35, "Haffner," Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Symphony No. 5, Jean Sibelius. RECITAL 3 February 13, 2016, 8:00 p.m., F.M. Kirby Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Works performed by Northeastern Pennsylvania Philharmonic and Mambo Kings. Program, Melodia, Richard Delaney; Blue Mambo à la Turk, Dave Brubeck (arranged by Richard Delaney); Tres Lindas Cubanas, Guillermo Castillo (arranged by Richard Delaney); El Cumbanchero, Rafael Hernandez (arranged by Richard Delaney); Day Tripper, John Lennon-Paul McCartney (arranged by Richard Delaney); Milonga del Angel, Astor Piazzola (arranged by Richard Delaney); Marinera, Richard Delaney; Danzón, Richard Delaney; Oye Como Va, Tito Puente.


The case report describes a woman who has an acute psychosis episode during the second course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy, after having an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant that favored a dose-related effect of this adverse effect.


Objective
To study the clinical features and treatment of children with influenza, and provide evidence for clinical screening and appropriate treatment timely.

Methods
Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory features and drug therapy of 978 pediatric patients with influenza in Beijing New Century International Children's Hospital in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Among the 978 pediatric patients with influenza, 90.8%were outpatients, while 9.92% were inpatients. The incidence was the highest in winter (85.28%). The age of most cases ranged from 1 to 5 years (57.16%). The cases with type A influenza accounted for 81.29%. High fever (99.59%) and cough (85.89%) were the two main symptoms. The average count of WBC was 6.86±2.68×109/L, lymphocyte percentage was lower than the proportion of neutrophils. CRP was normal (66.16%) or slightly-increased (19.00± 15.12 mg/l). Compared with type A influenza, digestive tract symptoms were more common in cases with type B (P=0.000). Analysis of 97 hospitalized cases: the main diagnosis was lower respiratory tract infection (71.13%). Nearly 23.71% cases had been detected to have combined infection with other pathogenic agents. Course of fever in cases who started taking oseltamivir after fever of 48 hours was significantly longer than those who took within 48 hours (P=0.000). Seven severe pneumonia cases were mainly in young children, cases with underlying disease or mixed infection, they were all cured by active and comprehensive therapy.

Conclusions
Influenza in children is characterized by high fever and cough, digestive tract symptoms frequently occurred in patients with type B influenza. Early application of oseltamivir could signficantly shorten the period of fever. Severe cases should be given active and comprehensive treatments.

Key words:
Influenza; Children; Epidemiology; Clinical features; Drug therapy


To The Editor.— Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Snedden-Wilkinson disease) in two 3-year-old children was reported recently by Johnson and Cripps ( Arch Dermatol 109:73, 1974). The authors pointed out the relatively unsatisfactory therapeutic response, both in their own patients and in the experience of others, to such medications as antibiotics, corticosteroids, and sulfones. In their concluding paragraph, they mentioned that, in an oral communication, we had stated that vitamin E was helpful. During the past eight or ten years, we have been conducting clinical investigations in the course of an office practice on the possible value of vitamin E in a number of recalcitrant dermatoses of obscure cause and have encountered some unexpected surprises. During this period, we have seen only one case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis, but the circumstances in this case and the therapeutic results were so dramatic that we thought a brief report was justified, so that this treatment


This study examines the influence of individual differences in sensory sensitivities and motor functions of four individuals with a spectrum of autistic traits on impacting their responses to the music and movement intervention. A multiple case study approach examines the participants' individualised responses to rhythmic entrainment during the six-week music and movement intervention. Sensory sensitivities play a vital role in affecting the four participants entraining their body movements to the rhythmic cues, and inducing their auditory-motor mechanism. The findings indicate that each participant with autism has a distinctive response to the rhythmic cues, and this impacts the treatment outcomes of the music and movement intervention. The study recommends future researchers include individual differences in sensory and motor development as part of their investigation. These factors can directly influence the treatment outcomes of music and movement intervention from a neurological aspect.


The history of modern Chinese literati cum political commentators presumably ranged from Wang Tao's Universal Circulating Herald in Hong Kong in 1874, till Chu Anping's relentless criticisms towards the ruling Kuomington (Chinese Nationalist Party) in Guancha (The Observer) semimonthly which had been banned in 1948. While Wang desires for a newspaper editor's responsibility could be corresponded to a minister in power, Chu shares the same vision and mission that therefore poignantly criticizes China under Kuomington as an awful mess. This invented tradition with newly imported journalism from the west lasts out at least for seventy five years. This is also a marathon relayed by Chinese intellectuals inherited from Confucianism to seek for Liberalism, which is manifested evidentially by the prosperous press market since the early years of Republic of China. The publication of this collection contributes to the emerging scholarly field distinctively. The present essay would review it thoroughly and chronically in terms of major themes and time periods.


Purpose
This paper aims to assess, from an empirical perspective, the research question if public media reports which relate concrete banks to concrete allegations of money laundering have an adverse impact on banks stock prices and what are the drivers of such impact?

Design/methodology/approach
The paper makes use of event study methodology and uses the constant mean and the market model. The event window is calibrated towards a five-day window, and the estimation window has a length of 90 days, in line with best academic practices. Drivers are identified by correlation analysis. and the market model uses ordinary least squares regression.

Findings
The application of event study methodologies yields the results that stock prices of affected banks generate, at the date of the news appearance, statistically significant negative abnormal returns under both the market model and the constant mean model. As negative abnormal returns have been mainly found at the date of the event itself, the findings confirm that the impacts of money laundering may be severe but short natured. In addition, the paper finds that the identified negative abnormal returns may be driven by the banks' size in terms of total assets, by the bank's profitability in terms of return on assets and by the bank's sustainability risk.

Practical implications
The findings have implications in terms of banking and supervisory practices. In specific, the findings help to argue that banking consolidation is needed to lower the impacts of AML cases, as stock prices of larger banks show less sensitivity. In addition, the findings could be used to determine financial sanctions against banks violating AML regulation. Finally, the findings imply that AML news can have severe and fast-moving financial stability considerations and are, therefore, important in crisis situations.

Originality/value
As there appears to be no substantial research that applies event study methodology to the money laundering context, the combination of research question and methodology has an innovative character. In addition, there is no clear literature on media and money laundering.


Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder wall, characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. Its etiology is unknown. IC remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although there are no uniformly effective therapies, many treatment options are currently available. We present an IC patient who successfully underwent LLLT using an 830 nm GaAlAs diode laser. After 40 LLLT treatment sessions, the interstitial symptom index total score which was previously 19 decreased to 8 and the interstitial problem index total score which was previous 15 decreased to 6. Symptoms of severe bladder irritation and pelvic pain, urinary urgency and frequency improved almost completely for an extended period.


The controllability and optimal control problems for distributed systems defined on compact manifolds is considered and particular emphasis is placed on compact orientable surfaces.


An experimental solar dryer for dehydration of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) had been designed by the first author and constructed at the workshop of South China Agricultural University - Guanzhou in which efficiency, cost and durability were optimally combined. The data were recorded by a programmable data acquisition system including microporcessor control, recorded data at ten minutes intervals. During winter season (Dec. 2000), solar heated air was 30.1 degrees C on average, relative humidity of 59.3% on average, and flow rate of 72.7 m3/ (h.m2.coll.surface). The temperatures rises of solar system was 1.7 degrees C and 16.1 degrees C, for those temperatures the average collection efficiency was about 54.7 %. Some drying parameters were calculated and results indicated that the numerical values were satisfactory. A techno-feasibility study gave a good result for the possibility of using the developed dryer in rural area.


In order to understand the invasion mechanism of Flaveria bidentis,a invasive plant,grown in Hengshui Lake,the allelopathy effect of the water extract from root and stem + leaf of F.bidentis on wheat seed and seedling growth was investigated.The result indicated that the water extracts of F.bidentis had significantly depressed effects on seed germination,germination energy,seedling root length and shoot height of wheat.There was negatively linear correlation between relative seed germination and water extract concentration from root or stem and leaf of F.bidentis(P0.01).In general,the rate of inhibiting(RI) and synthetic inhibiting effects(SE) increased with the increasing of the extract concentration,and the allelopathic inhibition of seam + leaf extracts of F.bidentis was stronger than that of its root.The inhibited effect on root growth was greater than that on seedling length.Allelopathic susceptibility of wheat was significantly different between seedling stage and germination stage,and the former was more susceptible than the latter.


Concentrations and forms of Al and heavy metals in aggregate core and surface fractions of forest soils in Central Europe differ significantly. The objectives of this study were to (i) test if there is a similar small-scale metal heterogeneity in topsoils of the native North American prairie and (ii) investigate the influence of climatic parameters on this heterogeneity. Aggregates of eight A horizons along a climatic transect in the North American prairie were separated into core and 0.5-mm-thick surface fractions. Seven forms of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in the aggregate fractions using a sequential extraction procedure. The differences of metal concentrations between aggregate surface and core fractions are 1 to 25% of the total concentrations of the core fractions. The percentages of easily extractable metals are up to 120% higher in the aggregate surface than in the core fractions. The percentages of the mainly silicate-bound metals (extractable only with strong acids) are up to 25% lower than in the core fractions. These results support the hypotheses that (i) preferential weathering of aggregate surfaces causes a shift from strongly to more weakly bound metal forms and (ii) atmospheric metal input is sorbed preferentially at the aggregate surfaces, and (iii) this input is weakly bound only. Lead is significantly enriched in the surface fractions compared with the cores, indicating ubiquitous input of Pb to the soils. The depletion of the mainly silicate-bound metals in the aggregate surface fractions compared with the core fractions correlates with the mean annual temperature and the mean annual precipitation, which both favor silicate weathering.


Did storytelling in ancestral society help individuals to accrue fitness benefits? Here I explore what benefits storytelling brings to the storyteller and the audience respectively from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Early human societies did not have the large number of technological innovations that we have that let us accomplish more and more in ever less time; time was relatively precious to ancestral humans. In this context, the emergence of "storytelling" presents a quandary. Why did people organized such collective activities and why did they spend time listening to the content of stories?


OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on the major components of renal glucose reabsorption (decreased maximum renal glucose reabsorptive capacity [TmG], increased splay, and reduced threshold), using the pancreatic/stepped hyperglycemic clamp (SHC) technique. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n = 12) and matched healthy subjects (n = 12) underwent pancreatic/SHC (plasma glucose range 5.5–30.5 mmol/L) at baseline and after 7 days of dapagliflozin treatment. A pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the major components of renal glucose reabsorption for both groups and then used to estimate these parameters from individual glucose titration curves. RESULTS At baseline, type 2 diabetic subjects had elevated TmG, splay, and threshold compared with controls. Dapagliflozin treatment reduced the TmG and splay in both groups. However, the most significant effect of dapagliflozin was a reduction of the renal threshold for glucose excretion in type 2 diabetic and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improves glycemic control in diabetic patients by reducing the TmG and threshold at which glucose is excreted in the urine.


The propagation of multiple-humped bright solitary waves in a diffractive medium with second-order nonlinearity is studied. It is shown that the multiple-humped bright solitary waves occur only for negative phase mismatches in a small interval of nonlinear wave numbers shifts and above a certain threshold energy flow. Numerical experiments reveal that the multiple-humped stationary solitary waves are unstable on propagation. The evolution of multiple-humped solitary waves shows that the instability leads to one of the following three scenarios of the solitary wave dynamics: (1) the spreading of the solitary wave, (2) the formation of a single-humped solitary wave from a multiple-humped solitary wave in a fusion-like process, and (3) the decay of the multiple-humped solitary waves into several fragments consisting of single-humped solitary waves.


Polyethylene (PE) single crystals prepared from 0.01 wt% solution of PE in xylene were sedimented to form mats. These mats were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 70_??_120°C, and then were dyed at 80°C with C. I. Disperse Yellow 7 (Y-7) or p-aminoazobenzene. The equilibrium sorption (Mo), density, long period, and crystallinity (Cv) obtained for these single crystal mats increased with an increase in annealing temperature (Ta). These values increased rapidly over Ta=110°C (Cv=0.858). The change in Mo was analyzed in terms of the mosaic-block dyeing model by use of above fine structural data. It was suggested that Mo was governed by the sorption in the amorphous side region (Ms) located between crystalline cores parallel to the molecular chain axis, and the sorption in the end amorphous region (Me) located between lamellar surfaces was very small. From the view point of paracrystal model proposed by Hosemann, the amorphous side region corresponds to a grain boundary of microparacrystals. Hence, this region is rich in tie chains having trans type conformation. The difference between Ms and Me is attributable to the fraction of tie molecules on which a long rod-like molecule, Y-7, is easily absorbed; few tie molecules exist in the end region of a single crystal mat. The conformation of tie chains in side region probably becomes more extended by the thickening of lamellae during annealing. This leads to the increase in Mo with increasing Cv.


In this paper is a theoretical analysis that provides rationalization to identifying and understanding the main determinants that have led to a shifting retail environment. Effectively over the last 20 years the traditional retail industry has had to modify its traditional ways of businesses strategy to better accommodate the latest behavioral pattern shifts of consumer spending in retail environments and non-retail environment externalities. Some of the major factorial determinants that have and are producing retail shifts are; the developments of new technology being introduced into the retail environment, like informational data analytics tools as well as ecommerce, and online shopping platforms. Another major determinant producing shifts in the retail environment is the changing identity of the average consumer, and the evolving spending habits and behavioral objectives and interests of retail customers. It is apparent that as much as consumers have relied on retail companies, retail companies now rely on consumers, specifically consumer's developing purchasing trends, desires and objectives. This paper will continue to further highlight and rationalize the causes and or determinants of major shifts in the retail environment as well as allocate the effects these shifts have had and will have on producer retail strategy implementation, and the retail environment's future.


Lung ultrasound (LUS) and lung ultrasound score (LUSS) have been successfully used to diagnose neonatal pneumonia, assess the lesion distribution, and quantify the aeration loss. The present study design determines the diagnostic value of LUSS in the semi‐quantitative assessment of pneumonia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) neonates.


The design capacity for the first stage of the second wastewater treatment plant in Yangzhong city is 1.0×104 m3/d.The main process of this plant is Anaerobic Hydrolysis-acidogenesis plus improved SBR process.And the effluent water quality is up to The B criteria of Class I specified in Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant(GB18918—2002).This paper introduced the process,main units and design parameters of this plant.The technology traits of improved SBR process and the key strongpoint of the process were also summarized and analyzed.


In Piaget's 'constructivist' theory, all activities ranging from sensory-motor experience to hypothetical-deductive reasoning imply a bodily behavior. Adaptation makes environment an extension of body, and body a function of environment. Cognitive processes are seen as a result of this dynamic balance. Focusing on the biological aspects of Piaget's cognitive theories, this paper investigates his interpretation of Darwin's paradigm and his relation to Ernst Mayr's position, whose interest in the linguistic and cultural aspects of human evolution he partakes.


Theoretical electronic structure studies on the anionic and neutral Al 1 3 X (X=Li-Cs) clusters have been carried out using a gradient corrected density-functional approach. The alkali atoms occupy the hollow sites on the Al 1 3 icosahedron surface and the calculated vertical transition energies from the ground state of the anions to various neutral states are found to be close to the recent preliminary experimental data. A detailed investigation of the Born-Oppenheimer surface of Al 1 3 K shows that the minimum energy path for the motion of K atoms to the neighboring hollow sites passes through a bridge site and has a barrier of 0.13 eV. If energy could be imparted that will enable the K atoms to overcome the barrier and slide freely on the surface, the cluster will exhibit a small orbital magnetic moment that could be observed at low temperatures.


Adams, S. Reid, 350 Species with Low Rates of Energy Use, the Pine Vole (Microtus pinetorum), 611 Adelung, Dieter, 524 Anderson, Roger A., 93 Changes in Lean Mass and in Organs of Nutrient Assimilation in a Long-Distance Passerine Migrant at a Springtime Stopover Andrés, M. Dolores, 285 Andrews, Russel D., 116 Site, 435 Changes in Pattern of Heat Loss at High Ambient Temperature Apneic Oxygen Uptake in the Torpid Pocket Mouse Perognathus parvus, 624 Caused by Water Deprivation in a Large Flightless Bird, the Emu, 712 Apparent Absorption Efficiencies of Nectar Sugars in the Cape Sugarbird, with a Comparison of Methods, 106 Chippindale, Adam K., 584 Cho, Yeonmi, 257 Ar, Amos, 407 Austin, Mitzi W., 611 Choi, In-Ho, 257 Coltman, David W., 387 Comments on a Negative Appraisal of Taxidermic Mounts as Baillieul, Marc, 703 Tools for Studies of Ecological Energetics, 596 Beck, Thomas D. I., 414 Comparative Development in Captive and Migratory Populations Behavior and Muscle Performance in Heterothermic Bats, 257 of the Barnacle Goose, 198 Belan, Ingrid, 303 Comparison of Spectrophotometry and Color Charts for EvaluatBennett, Albert F., 333 ing Total Plasma Carotenoids in Wild Birds, A, 708 Bergman, Harold L., 15, 658 Congdon, Justin D., 27, 633 Bhargava, Valmik, 157 Cork, Steven J., 45 Bishop, Charles M., 198 Correlates of Average Daily Metabolism of Field-Active ZebraBlanco, Guillermo, 708 Tailed Lizards (Callisaurus draconoides), 93 Blázquez, MarıB a C., 708 Costa, Daniel P., 116, 208, 485 Blood Volume and Diving Ability of the New Zealand Sea Lion, Crocker, Daniel E., 208, 485 Phocarctos hookeri, 208 Cullum, Alistair J., 541 Blust, Ronny, 703 Body Condition and the Adrenal Stress Response in Captive American Kestrel Juveniles, 67 Daan, Serge, 245, 693 Body Cooling and Its Energetic Implications for Feeding and DivDaily and Seasonal Rhythms in Selected Body Temperatures in ing of Tufted Ducks, 720 the Australian Lizard Tiliqua rugosa (Scincidae): Field and LaboBoness, Daryl J., 387 ratory Observations, 303 Booth, David T., 23 Daily Energy Budgets of Avian Embryos: The Paradox of the PlaBowen, W. Don, 329, 387 teau Phase in Egg Metabolic Rate, 147 Bozinovic, Francisco, 226 Dalton, Nancy, 157 Bradley, Timothy J., 584 Darken, Rachel S., 400 Bradshaw, S. Donald, 214 Dawson, Terence J., 712 Burness, Gary P., 247 D'Cruz, Leela Marie, 359, 642 Burnett, Lou, 469 deFur, Peter, 469 Butler, Patrick J., 198, 720 de Leeuw, Joep J., 720 Del Rio, Carlos MartıB nez, 226 Derting, Terry L., 611 Capillarity and Fibre Types in Locomotory Muscles of Wild Yellow-Legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans), 425 Development of Thermoregulation and Posthatching Growth in the Altricial Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus, 237 Carbon Release from Purified Chemoautotrophic Bacterial Symbionts of the Hydrothermal Vent Tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, de Wachter, Bart, 703 Dietary Flexibility and Intestinal Plasticity in Birds: A Field and 294 Cardiovascular Regulation during Anoxia in the Turtle: An In Laboratory Study, 226 Dietz, Maurine W., 147 Vivo Study, 1 Caviedes-Vidal, Enrique, 561 Digestive Responses during Food Restriction and Realimentation in Nestling House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), 561 Changes in Gut Capacity with Lactation and Cold Exposure in a


Traditional active distribution networks generally use single-objective optimization algorithms for fault location. The objective function of the single-objective optimization model is weighted by each sub-objective function. Improper selection of weights will affect the location results, resulting in misjudgment or missed judgment. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization model suitable for fault location of active distribution network is proposed, and a non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy (NSGA-III) is used to solve the optimization problem. NSGA-III algorithm does not need to consider the weight problem, has good convergence and will not fall into local optimum. Finally, a modified IEEE33-nodes distribution network model is built by PSCAD, the three cases of information mistransmission of the intelligent terminal unit are considered, and the simulations are carried out from two aspects of single and multiple faults. It is verified that the active distribution network fault location method based on NSGA-III algorithm can still accurately locate fault segments with high reliability under single or multiple types of information misinformation.


Objective To evaluate the significance of depression on the clinical outcome in patients with USP treated with elective PCI. Methods The study group consisted of 240 patients with USP treated with elective PCI that were divided into two groups: group A:one hundred and seventeen patients with depression,including 81 persistently depressed patients and 36 remittent depressed patients;group B:one hundred and twenty -three persistently nondepressed patients. The endpoint was compared between the two groups at 12 months following assessment. Results At 12 months following assessment,the patients with depression were at increased risk of MACE when compared with patients without depression. Conclusions Patients with USP suffering from depression show worse clinical outcome.

Key words:
Unstable angina pectoris; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Depression


Abstract:This article aims to reveal how Costa Rica and Uruguay succeeded in adopting integrated care policies. By adapting the classic "multiple streams approach," I analyze the processes leading to the adoption of two care policies in Costa Rica and Uruguay. The findings suggest that the key to understanding the adoption of care policies lies within the interplay between agents and contexts in different streams. Problems can be constructed as a top-down process by a women's agency or as a bottom-up process from a feminist organization. Solutions can be designed in close-knit policy networks of technocrats/bureaucrats or in open policy networks of bureaucrats and civil society organizations. Care policies become prominent items on government agendas in the presence of programmatic political parties and high electoral competition settings that prioritize the issue to attract voters or consolidate support. The alignment of problems, solutions, and politics identify different pathways that lead to the adoption of care policies.


— This paper presents a developed toolbox in SCILAB that is useful for teaching and training purposes in the field of robotics. The essential commands in kinematics have been developed to simulate a robotic arm, and the paper demonstrates the modeling of a specified robot arm, PUMA560, by comparing the results with those obtained using MATLAB software. The conclusion discusses the next steps for future work.


In modern society, a large part of the socialization process occurs in schools. Therefore, one of the most significant questions raised with regard to homeschooling concerns the impact of this type of education on the emotional world of the child. However, there is almost no mention in the research of how the nature of the social activity of homeschooled children affects their emotional world. In the present research, we examined the quantity and character of the social interactions of homeschooled children and their influence on the children's emotional and behavioral problems. The findings suggested a negative correlation between meetings with other homeschooled children and emotional and behavioral problems, and a similar relationship between the child's number of siblings and such problems. In comparison, we found a relationship between meetings with school-going children and such problems only in the younger age group, and only with regard to problems of internalization.


We quantize the moduli space of supersymmetric microstates describing four-dimensional black holes with AdS$_2$$\times$S$^2$ asymptotics. To acquire the commutation relations of quantization, we find the symplectic form that is imposed in the Type IIB SUGRA and defined in the space of solutions parameterized by one complex harmonic function in ${R}^3$ with sources distributed along closed curves.


eviews the global and national scenario. We share our experience of developing web -interfaced ECAT of known Indian fauna (IndFauna). Accessible at http://www.ncbi.org.in, this catalogue raises several issues concerned with taxonomy or systematics and information technology in biodiversity information management. Baseline information on more than 93% of the 90,000 known fanal species in India has been documented in IndFauna, which demonstrates a model of collaboration between domai n experts and IT managers. It is our belief that such ECATs would be effective in overcoming tax o- nomic impediments as well as better sustainable use and conservation of our biotic resources. THE most striking feature of the earth is the exi stence of life, and the most striking feature of life is its dive rsity, popularly known as 'biodiversity ' 1 . The most practical and widely applicable measure of this biodiversity is 'species'. They are the common currency for biodiversity research and management, and the only measure of bi o- diversity with a well -established standardized code of nomenclature. The presence of a species can indicate the habitats present, environmental quality, and state of knowledge of biodiversity such as rates of discovery, and extinctions. The relative richness of species in compar a- ble samples can be a good indicator of environmental health. The most important aspect of biodiversity is sp e- cies composition. From checklists of species taken over time the rates of emigration, extinction and tu rnover of species in a community can be measured and modelled. The dynamics measure the stability of biodiversity in ecosystems. Species names or scientific names are thus at the foundation of quality control in biological studies 2 . Further, scientific names are fundamental to biod iversity research as they are a means of communicating informa- tion across the globe. About 1.8 million species are 'known' to the world so far, in the sense that they have been described and named by taxonomists 3 ; however, it is estimated that anywhere from three million to more than 100 million species exist in the world today 4 . Spatial and temporal patterns in bi o- diversity distribution can be analysed by linking these names with information on nomenclature, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and abundance. Creating a single repository for such information is vital for future studies in biodiversity. Electronic cataloguing (ECAT) provides an effective tool for collation, analysis and dissemination of i nformation about biological diversity. Such national, regional and global ECATs can be used for effective bi o- diversity management and policy making 5 . Here we attempt to emphasize the importance and ur- gency of developing such ECATs of known Indian life. While we review the global and national scenario of d e- velopment of ECATs, we share our experience of deve - loping web-interfaced ECAT of known Indian fauna (IndFauna).


(57) Abstract: In A communication network employing the CDMA system, the amplitude associated with the independent CDMA carrier respectively are digitally limited, thereby limiting the ratio of peak to average power. Then, this is the moment the amplitude of the in-phase and quadrature signals that make up each CDMA carrier is measured, pull the maximum amplitude based on the measurement of the instantaneous amplitude, then, in part on one or more on the basis of the maximum amplitude It is accomplished by drawing the stretch factor. Then, one or more expansion factor is applied to the in-phase and quadrature signals. These signals are then filters, are synthesized and modulated by a corresponding CDMA carrier frequency.


Linguistic variables usually take the form of a base term modified by a hedge in qualitative evaluations of multi criteria decision making problems. In this paper, the linguistic fuzzy rough set is presented to objectively model non-inclusive hedges, such as more or less and roughly, with semantics. Based on the predefined resemblance relation, hedges can be represented by some compact formulae whenever the linguistic term set is uniformed distributed or non-uniformed distributed. Then a corresponding multi criteria group decision making approach is supplied for potential application and illustrated by a problem of evaluating new energy technologies.


Objective: To profile the expression of microRNAs(miRNAs) in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) after resection of the sciatic nerve for 1 week in rats.Methods: We examined the expression of miRNAs in a sciatic nerve resection model at 0 day and 7 days using an Agilent rat miRNA array.The miRNA expression was confirmed by Real time Taqman PCR.Results: 13 and 5 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated by 1.4-fold and down-regulated by 1% in the DRG after 1 week of resection,respectively.The expression of the selected miRNAs analyzed by Real time Taqman PCR was in agreement with the microarray data(up-regulated: miR-21,miR-221;down-regulated: miR-500,miR-551b).Conclusion: This study demonstrated a different involvement of miRNAs in the DRG after resection of the sciatic nerve in a rat model.


Throughout Europe and the USA, Electrical Engineering (EE) suffers from an underrepresentation of women even when compared with most other engineering disciplines. This study uses a Varge multi-institution longitudinal dataset, the Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development (MIDFIELD) to examine engineering student outcomes in the USA. This work considers undergraduate student outcomes for women and men in EE and compares them to those in the other four largest engineering disciphnes in the USA: Chemical (ChE), Civil (CVE)? Mechanical (MCE), and Industrial (ISE) Engineering. This research focuses on over 94,000 men and 24,000 women who ever enrolled in one of these five disciplines. This includes first-time-in-college as well as transfer students. Analysis shows that EE has fewer women than men at enrollment and graduation and the percentage of women is comparable to MCE but lower than the other engineering disciplines. Students graduate in EE in six years at lower rates than ISE, CVE, and MCE and comparable rates to ChE. Women in EE graduate at slightly higher rates than men. Stickiness is the number of students who graduate in a major divided by the number who ever declared that major. EE has the lowest stickiness of the disciplines studied. In comparing the net population change of students from start to graduation, EE loses about 22»/. of the women and men. Only ChE has higher percentage losses. MCE has comparable losses, CVE loses about 10% of its student population and ISE gains students from start to graduation. This work contributes to the literature by examining engineering students disaggregated by gender, discipline, and entry point. This study can inform studies in other countries.


Abstract This paper examines the influence of various factors on the final accuracy in EDM micro drilling. Inparticular, the main parameters affecting the size and position of the hole are discussed and techniques forminimising errors are proposed. The paper analyses the technological capabilities of different methods of settingup and dressing the drill (electrode) on the machine. The paper also evaluates the limitations of the EDM drillingprocess. Keywords: micro EDM, micro-machining, EDM accuracy, micro holesNotations d d variation D D variation g d g variation g e g variation g meas g variation H H variation X meas X meas variation X pos X pos variation y d y variation Y meas Y variation Y pos Y variation y unit y variation d effective dressed diameter of electrodeD electrode initial effective diameter of electrodeD guide diameter of the ceramic guideD init initial diameter of the electrodeD init_min minimum initial diameter of the electrodeg d spark gap during dressing of the electrodeg


Since the implementation of the opening and reform policy 20 years ago in China,tremendous achievements have been obtained in Chinese economy.Yet this does not cheer those who insist on the Chinese threat.China starts to form the strategic concept of peaceful growth by 2003,opening up a unique way of construction of special Chinese socialism.Thus it is of great value in both theory and practice.


Web applications are increasingly important tools in our modern daily lives, such as in education, business transactions, and social media. Because of their prevalence, they are becoming more susceptible to different types of attacks that exploit security vulnerabilities. Exploiting these vulnerabilities may cause damage to the web applications as well as the endusers. Thus, web apps' developers should identify vulnerabilities and fix them before an attacker exploits them. Using blackbox fuzzing techniques for vulnerability identification is very popular during the web apps' development life cycle. These techniques pledge to find vulnerabilities in web applications by constructing attacks without accessing their source codes. This survey explores the research that has been done in the black-box vulnerability finding and exploits construction in web applications and proposes future directions. Keywords—Black-box fuzzing; web application security; vulnerability scanning; automatic web app testing; vulnerability detection; survey


ABSTRACT We report a case of misdiagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from Brazil with negative PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), leading to inappropriate case management. Genetic tests showed the deletion of both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. The detection of two distinct P. falciparum target antigens is then advisable.


The study of culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Colombia, has been limited even though this subfamily is important in public health. This study aimed to determine the species of Culicinae breeding in stands of Guadua angustifolia in areas with coffee plantations. Three breeding sites were distinguished: guadua stumps, perforated internodes and containers. Nine mosquito species were identified which two are new records for Colombia (Orthopodomyia albicosta, Wyeomyia oblita), five new records for the departments (Culex secundus, Cx. antunesi, Limatus durhami, Trichoprosopon digitatum and Sabethes undosus). Two others are under current study (Trichoprosopon sp. part of the Pallidiventer complex, and Toxorhynchites sp.). There was a relationship between the species found and the water volume and height above ground, measured for each of the breeding sites. Two of the species, Tr. digitatum and Li. durhami, are reported in literature as potential vectors of arboviral agents; Toxorhynchites is grouped with species whose larvae are predators. The results support an important role for guadua as breeding sites for various mosquitoes, including some species of public health importance.


Yu Liu Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Liyu Wang Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hengchang Liu Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College He Tian Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tao Fan Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Liyan Xue Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Bo Zheng Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Fengwei Tan Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Qi Xue Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shugeng Gao Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College chunxiang li (  firstname.lastname@example.com ) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Jie He Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College


The taxation policy of the Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS) differentiated between fuel encourages ethanol consumption because of the lower rate charged on it in relation to that charged on gasoline C in some states of Brazil. The State of Sao Paulo has a lower tax rate for hydrous ethanol (12%) compared to gasoline C (25%). This study aimed to identify the impacts on the Brazilian economy resulting from a policy of differentiation between the fuel tax that benefits the ethanol consumption. For this, we analyzed the losses that could be generated by the increase in tax rate for ethanol in Sao Paulo. The methodology was used to analyze the input-output matrix, being the same for the year 2004 and specific to the State of Sao Paulo. The results indicated that the reduction in the rate of VAT for hydrous ethanol relative to gasoline, has economic benefits (increase in values of GDP, production and reduced imports) and social (increase in the amount of the fee and posts employment) for the Brazilian economy. We conclude that taxation policies may be essential for the development of some markets and that such development can generate economic and social gains. Sectors related to agribusiness, as the case of hydrated ethanol in this study indicate this fact.


The idea of cooperative perception is to benefit from shared perception data between multiple vehicles and overcome the limitations of on-board sensors on single vehicle. However, the fusion of multi-vehicle information is still challenging due to inaccurate localization, limited communication bandwidth and ambiguous fusion. Past practices simplify the problem by placing a precise GNSS localization system, manually specify the number of connected vehicles and determine the fusion strategy. This paper proposes a map-based cooperative perception framework, named map container, to improve the accuracy and robustness of cooperative perception, which ultimately overcomes this problem. The concept 'Map Container' denotes that the map serves as the platform to transform all information into the map coordinate space automatically and incorporate different sources of information in a distributed fusion architecture. In the proposed map container, the GNSS signal and the matching relationship between sensor feature and map feature are considered to optimize the estimation of environment states. Evaluation on simulation dataset and real-vehicle platform result validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Ammonia is a dangerous chemical compound in high concentrations. About 80-90% of ammonia total emissions come from animal fertilizer that produced from livestock, such as cattle farming. Based on the Minister of Environment Regulation Number 5 of 2014, the ammonia level in waste water standards for livestock activities is 25 mg/L. Some of the most common methods that used for determining ammonia are selective spectrophotometry and selective electrode, but the method has a disadvantage such as time consuming and low sensitivity. To overcome this problem, the aim of this study was to determine the dissolved ammonia levels in the liquid waste stream of cattle farms using the Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 307 nm based on the Hantzsch reaction using acetoacetanilide and formaldehyde reagents in acetate solution to form Dihydropyridine derivatives. The optimum condition of product formation occured in the order of reagents and sample segmentation of formaldehyde (R)-ammonia (S)-AAA(R) acetate with the volume ratio 75μL: 50μL: 100μL, respectively. The optimum conditions of the proposed method are 0.06 M of AAA concentration, 15% of formaldehyde concentration, reaction time of 40 s, and flow rate of 175 μL. High sensitivity (LOD:0.122 mg/L), fast analysis (175 s/sample) and high accuracy (recovery test > 94%), less and harmless waste could be attributed as advantages of the proposed SIA method.


The article considers the problems of food security on the example of assessing the initial state of arable land fertility. Agrochemical soil analysis makes it possible to determine the direction of a complex of reclamation measures that can significantly increase soil fertility. The need for this is defined due to the development of degradation processes in the soil, as a result of which the reserves of soil humus and basic nutrients necessary for the productive development of plants have sharply decreased. The authors of the article proposed the evaluation of the initial fertility of arable land on the main agrochemical parameters (humus G, nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K and hydrolytic acidity Ng). Based on the data of agrochemical soil laboratory in the farm "Memory of Lenin" in Krasnodar Territory, an initial average agrochemical state of arable land, which was the initial and maximum index of fertility (S(G), S(NPK), S(Ng) and the composite index of the soil - S). The complex of reclamation measures should be aimed at: increasing the reserves of humus in the soil, as a result of additional input of soil biomass; increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers, bringing the ratio of mineral nutrition elements to the optimal. To determine the trend of changes in the state of arable land, it is necessary to forecast it.


This paper is concerned with the implementation of a new image processing technique called Generalised Cross-Correlation designed to detect a two-dimensional displacement field between consecutive pictures of some object. The particular problem considered here is the determination of a flow field from experimental tank data. The method consists of maximizing a Generalised Cross-Correlation (GC-C) function in order to compute the parameters in a global mathematical description of the displacement field. This is in complete contrast to traditional approaches such Cellular Correlation, where an array of constant vectors are estimated using spatially local data. The focus here is on the case where the displacements are too large to employ perturbation techniques and thus numerical optimization is required to calculate the parameters in the flow/ displacement model used. A combination of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Hillclimbing Method (HC) is applied to recover the global maximum of the GC-C function in the...


Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has greater statistical power to detect true differences in blood pressure values in clinical trials and has greater prognostic significance in cardiovascular target organ damage when compared to clinic measured blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the dose-response effect of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake on 24-hour AMBP in healthy, overweight adults at high cardiovascular disease risk. Ethical approval was received from the Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland. Following a 4 week run-in period, during which FV was limited to <2 portions per day, participants were randomized to consume either 2, 4 or 7 FV portions daily for the next 12 weeks. AMBP was measured over 24-hours using a validated Meditech ABPM-04 system (P.M.S. Ltd, UK) at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary compliance was monitored using completed 4-day food diaries and by measuring a panel of venous blood dietary biomarkers. In total, 87 participants (64% male; 36% female) with a mean age 56 years (SD 6.0 years) completed the study. Reported FV intake in the 2, 4 and 7 portion groups was 1.8, 3.8 and 7.0 portions per day (p<0.001) respectively. Serum lutein also increased linearly across the groups (P for Trend<0.001). Body weight remained stable throughout the intervention period (p = 0.77). Mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 127.8/76.6 mmHg (SD 12.1/8.8) with no significant difference between the groups at baseline. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with fitted linear trend.


The actions of the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25‐(OH)2D3], are mediated by both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Several vitamin D synthetic analogs have been developed in order to identify and characterize the site(s) of action of 1α,25‐(OH)2D3 in many cell types including osteoblastic cells. We have compared the effects of 1α,25‐(OH)2D3 and a novel 1α,25‐(OH)2D3 bromoester analog (1,25‐(OH)2‐BE) that covalently binds to vitamin D receptors. Rat osteosarcoma cells that possess (ROS 17/2.8) or lack (ROS 24/1) the classic intracellular vitamin D receptor were studied to investigate genomic and nongenomic actions. In ROS 17/2.8 cells plated at low density, the two vitamin D compounds (1 × 10−8 M) caused increased cell proliferation, as assessed by DNA synthesis and total cell counts. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mitogenic effect of both agents was accompanied by an increase in steady‐state osteocalcin mRNA levels, but neither agent altered alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels in ROS 17/2.8 cells. ROS 17/2.8 cells responded to 1,25‐(OH)2‐BE but not the natural ligand with a significant increase in osteocalcin secretion after 72, 96, 120, and 144 hr of treatment. Treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with the bromoester analog also resulted in a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase‐specific activity. To compare the nongenomic effects of 1α,25‐(OH)2D3 and 1,25‐(OH)2‐BE, intracellular calcium was measured in ROS 24/1 cells loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator Quin 2. At 2 × 10−8 M, both 1α,25‐(OH)2D3 and 1,25‐(OH)2‐BE increased intracellular calcium within 5 min. Both the genomic and nongenomic actions of 1,25‐(OH)2‐BE are similar to those of 1α,25‐(OH)2D3, and since 1,25‐(OH)2‐BE has more potent effects on osteoblast function than the naturally occurring ligand due to more stable binding, this novel vitamin D analog may be useful in elucidating the structure and function of cellular vitamin D receptors. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The synthesis of a highly potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist radioligand, [3H]-cis-3-[(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]-2-phenylpiperidine (6a) is described. The in vitro binding pharmacology and autoradiographic distribution of 6a in guinea pig brain following peripheral administration are also reported.


Deployment of PCE (Path Computation Element) architecture in high-speed MPLS/GMPLS networks is at present widely accepted and helps to run path setup operations for applications with explicitly defined objective functions and also with QoS requirements. The paper reports on recent research investigations with PCE-based path computation employing 3-layer traffic engineering (TE) system: PCE module equipped with IBM Cplex LP solver is used in the highest layer, SDN controller in the intermediate layer responsible for transferring path setup requests towards virtual routers in the lowest layer. Presented results show usefulness of PCE architecture with SDN controller and applicability of bandwidth-oriented optimization with objective functions.


Background: Tiredness is one of the most common complaints among pregnant women, but little attention has been paid to its importance and a way to control it. Reflexology can be employed as a nursing intervention to reduce it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reflexology on the tiredness intensity in pregnant women. Methods: This study was carried out on 74 pregnant women outpatients in Health centers in Ramsar. These women were divided into two groups of test (36 people) and witness (38 people) which were matched according to their ages and jobs. The instrument for collecting data included sample choice form, individual characteristics, social support and a questionnaire for analyzing tiredness intensity. When the forms were filled up by the research units, the reflexology of sole was done in the test group for 5 weeks, two sessions a week, 30 minutes each session; then the tiredness intensity of both groups was analyzed again. The analysis was performed using the following tests: Chi square statistical test, student t, paired t and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In this study the average of tiredness intensity in pregnant women showed a significant difference before and after the reflexology, and after the interaction there was a significant difference in tiredness intensity between the two groups of witness and test (p=0.001). There is a significant relationship between social support and tiredness intensity (r=0.46, p=0.002). Likewise, ferros sulfate tablet had a significant effect on tiredness intensity (p=0.001). Conclusion: According to the present study reflexology reduces tiredness in pregnant women significantly. The other variables such as social support and sulfate ferros tablet can reduce tiredness intensity too.


Abstract Digital artefacts and infrastructures have been presented as ever more urgent and necessary for mental health research and practice. Telepsychiatry, mHealth, and now digital psychiatry have been promoted in this regard, among other endeavours. Smartphone apps have formed a particular focus of promissory statements regarding the improvement of epistemic and clinical work in psychiatry. This article contextualises and historicises some of these developments. In doing so, I show how purportedly novel fields have been constituted in part through practices of 'performative nominalism' (whereby articulations of a neologism in relation to established and recent developments participate in producing the referent of the new term). Central to this has been implicit and explicit extolment of what I term biomedical virtues in public‐facing and professionally orientated discourse. I document how emphases on various virtues have shifted with the attention of psychiatry to different digital modalities, culminating with knowledge‐production in mental health as one significant focus.


Abstract Distinguishing chemicals and improvement on analytical methods has a direct impact on modern chemical analysis. In this work, the dissociative ionization of xylene isomers was investigated using a femtosecond laser mass spectrometry (FLMS) method with a custom-built linear time-of-flight (TOF) instrument. Laser beams at 800 nm and 400 nm were used and intensity-dependent analysis of the obtained mass spectra was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) to distinguish the xylene isomers, which give identical mass spectra in appearance that cannot be distinguished using normal mass spectrometry methods. The results show that there is a statistically highly significant difference between the xylene isomers for two principal components (1 − α > 99.99%) and minimal information loss (<5%) took place during the PCA procedure. Also, the use of the k-medoid clustering method showed that the isomers may be distinguished in real-time for a wide range of ionization laser pulse powers with approximately 99% accuracy. The results suggest that real-time isomer analysis by the FLMS method is suitable for mass spectral identification applications. The FLMS method has been shown to be an important alternative to other mass spectrometric methods that use different ionization mechanisms.


Three types of composite PDMS membranes were prepared by using PTFE,PES,and PVDF as support materials and used to separate acetic acid from water by pervaporation.The experimental results evidently demonstrated that the support layer had a significant impact on the flux and selectivity of composite PDMS membranes.The effect of support layer on the performance of composite PDMS membranes depended on many factors such as the physico-chemical properties of skin layers or supports and the preparation methods of composite membranes.The total flux of acetic acid-water mixture through each composite PDMS membrane increased with increasing feed concentration.In contrast,the relation between selectivity and feed concentration was different due to various supports.With increasing temperature,the flux through each composite PDMS membrane increased quickly while the selectivity decreased.With increasing feed velocity,the flux through each composite PDMS membrane increased and then stabilized while the selectivity decreased and then stabilized.


This paper presents a transient CFD model of heat and mass transfer in porous bulks of chicory
roots. The model consists of the full system of conservation equations of momentum, energy and
mass for the two-phase air-product matrix through bulk of chicory roots. A finite volume code
(CFX, Harwell, UK) is used to solve the model equations, which is then validated against
experimental data. The results show a good agreement between the model and the experiments.
Differences between predicted and measured weight loss only amount to maximum 0.3% after
the initial cooling period. The non-ideal experimental conditions, the various sizes of the
products and the small scale of the porous region compared to the size of the product contribute
to the observed differences between experiment and simulation, but do represent reality.
Humidity and air velocity have a strong effect on the cooling rate and the weight-loss of the
product. The results led to an improved understanding of the cooling process with different
airflow conditions. The model can be applied to study the cooling process in an industrial cold
store to find the optimal process settings to improve the product quality and reduce product
weight.


As the title suggests, the International Handbook of Health Literacy is an exhaustive text serving both as an educational read for health professionals and as a road map for anyone engaging in health literacy research. Health literacy is essentially about citizens' ability to access, understand, and use information about health care. Beginning its journey with the origins of the term "health literacy" in the 1973 Conference on Health Education in upstate New York, the Handbook explores current research, targeted interventions, policy programmes, and predictions for the future written by an international consortium of experts.


The objective of this paper is to discuss the use of the internet to expand ridership in the rail industry. The age of information technology is here and is vital for the industry to use it to create a new sales channel or a new information channel in which to achieve customer satisfaction.


ABSTRACT Living animals are constantly faced with various environmental stresses that challenge normal life, including: oxygen limitation, very low or high temperature, as well as restriction of water and food. It has been well established that in response to these stresses, tolerant organisms regularly respond with a distinct suite of cellular modifications that involve transcriptional, translational and post-translational modification. In recent years, a new mechanism of rapid and reversible transcriptome regulation, via the action of non-coding RNA molecules, has emerged into post-transcriptional regulation and has since been shown to be part of the survival response. However, these RNA-based mechanisms by which tolerant organisms respond to stressed conditions are not well understood. Recent studies have begun to show that non-coding RNAs control gene expression and translation of mRNA to protein, and can also have regulatory influence over major cellular processes. For example, select microRNAs have been shown to have regulatory influence over the cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, muscle atrophy and fatty acid metabolism during periods of environmental stress. As we are on the verge of dissecting the roles of non-coding RNA in environmental stress adaptation, this Commentary summarizes the hallmark alterations in microRNA expression that facilitate stress survival. Summary: Overview of transcriptome regulation by microRNA and its involvement in the coordination of stress survival.


source of the secretion which collects beneath the prepuce and is known as smegma. There is little doubt that, as in some other forms of malignant disease, chronic irritation predisposes to the condition, and the most important factor in producing this is the retention of the secretion behind a long prepuce. This is one of the reasons, and not the least cogent one, for performing the operation of circumcision on children with phimosis; for it is said that epithelioma of the penis is almost, if not quite, unknown among circumcised persons. In some cases warts of the penis have been known to undergo malignant change and become epitheliomatous. Clinically, the disease may start as an ulcerating process or as an irregular papillomatous outgrowth. In either case there is eventually much tissue destruction which causes a foul blood-stained discharge to issue from beneath the prepuce. If the condition is neglected by the patient the glans penis enlarges and the growth may increase in size until the prepuce is stretched over it, or it may ulcerate through the skin. Later still the body of the penis itself is invaded, and eventually the extremity of the penis consists of a mass of sloughing malignant disease, in which it is difficult to find the situation of the external urinary meatus. The lymphatic glands are involved fairly early in the course of the disease. The inguinal glands drain the skin of the penis and are enlarged when the prepuce is attacked,


The purposes of the study are to measure the relative importance of independent variables, to analyze relation between user satisfaction and use, and to improve the level of user satisfaction in using e-Trade system(uTradeHub). The study develops the independent variables in three dimensions(i.e the quality of system, quality of information, and quality of service), estimates the level of satisfaction on a par with these variables, and analyzes the causal relation of these variables. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of system and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted. Second, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of information and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted Third, there is a significant casual relationship between the quality of service and user satisfaction, thus the hypothesis is accepted. Final, there is a significant casual relationship between the user satisfaction and use, thus the hypothesis is accepted.


Abstract The first two reactions of C4 photosynthesis are catalysed by carbonic anhydrase (CA) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the leaf mesophyll (M) cell cytosol. Translatome experiments using a tagged ribosomal protein expressed under the control of M and bundle‐sheath (BS) cell‐specific promoters showed transcripts encoding CA3 from the C4 species Flaveria bidentis were highly enriched in polysomes from M cells relative to those of the BS. Localisation experiments employing a CA3‐green fluorescent protein fusion protein showed F. bidentis CA3 is a cytosolic enzyme. A motif showing high sequence homology to that of the Flaveria M expression module 1 (MEM1) element was identified approximately 2 kb upstream of the F. bidentis and F. trinervia ca3 translation start sites. MEM1 is located in the promoter of C4Flaveria ppcA genes, which encode the C4‐associated PEPC, and is necessary for M‐specific expression. No MEM1‐like sequence was found in the 4 kb upstream of the C3 species F. pringlei ca3 translation start site. Promoter‐reporter fusion experiments demonstrated the region containing the ca3 MEM1‐like element also directs M‐specific expression. These results support the idea that a common regulatory switch drives the expression of the C4Flaveria ca3 and ppcA1 genes specifically in M cells.


We have developed a bio-inspired electronic computing system, the "electronic amoeba". This system was designed to search for a solution to a combinational optimization problem, as inspired by foraging behavior of a single-celled amoeboid organism that is trying to maximize its food intake while satisfying given constraints. We electronically implement the system and demonstrate its solution search capability for solving the Boolean satisfiability problem, SAT. We apply the electronic amoeba to autonomous walking control of a multi-legged robot. Each leg joint has three-valued state and the electronic amoeba successively searches for a combination of the leg joint states to satisfy the objective of moving straight depending on the state of the robot.


Deterministic data exchange over Ethernet network is used for real-time control applications such as programmable logic control and multi-axis motor control. Digitization of the production system asks for more Ethernet based devices. Machine vision sensors and collaborative robots require different set of network parameters. Therefore a faster communication network at gigabit speed and a converged network supporting different traffic types are needed. Time Sensitive Network (TSN) defines the capability to support converged network in cyber physical production systems. In addition, real-time Ethernet is used in closed applications such as robotics, machine tools and industrial backplane. In this paper we introduce flexible gigabit Ethernet switch architecture for open and closed control systems. We discuss firmware implementations for different protocols such as Profinet Conformance Class D and provide performance data for network parameters and real-time control parameters.


Pulsed power generators with repetition rates on the order of MHz have been developed by using semiconductor opening switch (SOS), static induction thyristor (SIThy), and silicon carbide junction field-effect-transistor (SiC-JFET). A compact SOS circuit based on inductive energy storage has been developed. It uses semiconductor switches for forward and reverse current control of the SOS diodes, instead of commonly used magnetic switch. The repetition rate has reached 500 kHz (burst) for output voltage pulse of 10 kV and pulse width of 15 ns (FWHM). A full-bridge switching unit using SIThy has been developed and tested for bipolar square voltage pulse generation of plusmn 2 kV for a 100-Omega load, at repetition rate of 1 MHz (burst). A stacked SiC-JFET switching unit consists of 4 devices (2S x 2P) has been operated for 2 kV and 20 A at repetition rate up to 5 MHz (burst). Important issues on switching characteristics, such as rise- time, heat loading, and balance between devices have been studied. The MHz-repetitive power modulators are expected to have various applications in the future, especially for high- energy accelerators and biological treatment.


Juvenile ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm seen usually below 15 years of age. It is an aggressive expansile lesion that requires radical resection to prevent recurrences. The acquired defects if untreated can lead to facial asymmetry and functional difficulties thus require reconstruction with an aim to achieve better esthetics and functional outcome in a growing child. A 9-year-old male patient reported with 3 cm × 4 cm sized hard swelling on the left body of the mandible. On the radiological examination, tumor showed well-defined radiopaque-radiolucent lesion from the distal aspect of the developing 13 to the mandibular angle, ramus region on the left side. After the clinical, radiological and histologic analysis, it was diagnosed with juvenile ossifying fibroma. The patient underwent segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction with free fibula flap. A conservative approach in a tumor with a proven high recurrence is unintentional planning of second surgery. Ablative surgery in pediatric age has to be planned meticulously as they impact the development of child. Free flaps with epiphyseal growth centers have the potential for uninterrupted growth of the jaw.


A 66-year old male presented to our clinic with progressive dyspnea at rest. The patient reported that the dyspnoea was worst in upright position. The initial transthoracic echocardiographic examination showed normal left ventricular function and an enlarged ascending aorta (58 mm), which was confirmed using …


Introduction The reality of portuguese higher education has been undergoing significant transformations, which have determined the increase of stress of its teachers. The performance of teaching functions in higher education is associated with various requirements, which in many cases causes occupational stress. Occupational stress reflects, from a transactional perspective, the imbalance that a person perceives between certain job demands and their ability to respond to them and incorporates, according to the holistic stress model, both positive (eustress) and negative (distress) responses to work stress agents, with positive and negative repercussions, respectively, on job satisfaction. Few studies have been developed on occupational stress, from a holistic perspective, and its relationship with job satisfaction of higher education teachers.
Objectives: With the purpose of deepening knowledge about the stress of higher education teachers, this study aims to evaluate the quality of the adjustment of the holistic stress model in Portuguese higher education teachers.
Methods: Data were collected from 439 higher education teachers in Portugal through a questionnaire designed for this purpose.
Results: The results point to a good fit quality of the proposed model (χ2(387)= 2117.683; p= 0.000; χ2/gl= 5.472; NFI= 0.89; PNFI= 0.79; CFI= 0.91; PCFI= 0.81; RMSEA= 0.10).
Conclusions: The results allowed us to draw a holistic model of stress and job satisfaction in higher education teachers, which presents a good adjustment and which, in view of the theoretical model initially proposed, presents some changes.


Powder collagen SECO, USE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF, COMPOSITION The collagen-based thermoplastic homogeneous, USE AND METHOD FOR THE SAME, ARTICLE IN SOLID FORM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. The anvenofo this provides a new collagen-based technology. The invention provides a dry collagen powder as precursor for the preparation of an homogeneous thermoplastic collagen composition base, which may additionally comprise additives. The present invention also relates the use of the composition in the manufacture of solid shaped articles according plastic technology, and articles.


Laboratory experiments that illustrate the fundamentals of quantum physics are powerful teaching instruments because they re-enact thought experiments, allowing students to think deeper about the quantum-mechanical principles involved. Interference, wave–particle duality and entanglement are among the most important predictions of quantum mechanics. They are abstract and counter-intuitive. More recent concepts that help illustrate these subtleties include quantum erasure and delayed choice. In this article we present an experiment for the undergraduate laboratory that involves all of these issues or concepts. The experiment entails only minor modifications to a well-known setup for doing single-photon interference. In this article we present the experiment, its results and a theoretical description.


Focuses on the use of adaptive connectionist networks for identification and control of nonlinear dynamic systems. Control problems are usually solved using information about the controlled system and a series of procedures to reach the desired control goal. From this point of view it is possible to decompose the control problem into two sub-problems: (1) a representation problem dealing with the way in which the information and dynamics of the system will be represented; and (2) a structural problem which concerns the definition of the architecture and the procedures which use the information on the system in order to reach the desired control goal. The connectionist approach has great potential for control applications since it addresses both problems, providing system representations and control procedures. The authors outline their work in both these areas. >


Plantations 3, 4, and 5 are also on slackwater soils, but on more moist phases of Sharkey and Alligator clay (fig. 2). The effect of the additional moisture is clearly demonstrated in the better growth. Plantation number 6 is on an old natural levee of Forestdale silty clay loam. Its excellent growth may be partly due to a permeable subsoil, which permits recharJ!:' of soil moisture from a nearby river. The'Robinsonville silt loam series, in recent natural-levee soils, provides one of the best sites for cottonwood (fig. 3 \ On slopes moisture may be deficient during prolonged droughts, but the soil i permeable enough to have ample moisture during average weather. Plantation number 7 has grown exceptionally fast in 5


A new perspective of the history of Renaissance typography in Bohemia and Moravia. -- Present Czech researchers have either not explored the beginnings of Renaissance printed books at all, or they have tried to colour a quite idyllic image of the period before the White Mountain Battle as a whole. Despite these apparent apologies, the Czech typography of the Jagello-period was of an irregular character. The main reasons for this we can attribute back to a weak potential of the craft as well as of the writer and translator communities. There had been no specialized publishing region and the editions were influenced by imports. The influence of Nuremberg during this period is especially noteworthy. The period when the domestic post-incunabula lost late Gothic outlines was longer than in other great typographic powers such as Germany, France or Italy. Most Bohemian typographers and cutters revived the older illuminative repertoire ad hoc during the entire first decade of the 16th century. Mikulas Konac (1514) and Pavel Olivetský (1520) were the first who broke free of that late Gothic style. The next generation could already be called the early Renaissance, even though the intensity of their affection was influenced by the economical aspects of particular crafts. We see less consideration in the work of the poorer Mikulas Klaudyan (from 1518) and Oldřich Velenský (1519) while more precision can be seen through the reach of Pavel Severin (from 1520) and Jiři Styrsa (1521). The period of early Renaissance typography lasted in Bohemia two decades longer than in Germany, Austria or Poland. The end of this period could be seen in the 40's when Bartloměj Netolický in Prague and Jan Gunther in Prostějov accepted, for the first time, the German blackletter and when the Prague typographer Jan Had started to use an antiqua of Venetian type instead of Schwabacher for a typography of a whole-Latin text. It meant the end of the third phase of typographic transformation, when Bohemian typographies were finally equipped with typeface comparable to other countries. At the same time (1541) we can trace the first proof of cooperation of an artist with a typographer, in such a way as we know it, from the Nuremberg collaboration of Wolgemut – Koberger. This occurred in the cutter's studio of Severin's typography in Prague. Despite its late beginning, this studio is very important as it is no longer under the influence of German typography and book preparation wasn't done accidentally as was the habit up to that time, but according to Renaissance typography – a conjunction of typeface, decoration and illumination. Translated by Marketa Tomanova.


This thesis bridges architecture and seismic engineering. These two disciplines, despite being closely interrelated especially in earthquake-prone countries like New Zealand, often operate separately. This observation is particularly relevant when examining the integration of seismic retrofit and architecture. While technical solutions along with design methodologies and legislation have been continuously improved over the last decades, the relationship between architecture and seismic retrofit remains overlooked.  An acknowledgment that architecture is a legitimate component of seismic retrofit design introduces the potential for retrofitted buildings to reach both adequate earthquake resistance and even have enhanced architecture quality. Some retrofit guidance documents draw attention to architecture, yet their approaches, commonly taking the form of guidelines or recommendations, focus on maintaining buildings' existing features. Little reflection on the integration of seismic retrofit and the architectural qualities of existing buildings is given. This leaves an unexplored area regarding the architectural impact seismic structure may have on existing buildings, whether negative, neutral, or positive.  In this context, the thesis investigates the following question: How can the integration of seismic retrofit and architecture be improved?  Such an inquiry requires an understanding of the practice of seismic retrofit through both structural engineering and architectural perspectives. To respond to the research question, the study utilises a qualitative research methodology using a multiple case study strategy. This includes the collection of building documentation, visits to selected seismically retrofitted unreinforced masonry buildings, and interviews with their architects and structural engineers.  The thesis starts by reviewing the literature on the relationship between structure and architecture. Several authors emphasise how a structure's capacity to exceed its technical tasks by engaging with architecture can result in enriched projects. Following the transposition of generic relationships between structure and architecture into the context of seismic retrofit, the study explores the issue of integration in a 'real-life context' through five case studies. Each is investigated through the perspectives of architecture, seismic structure and design practice. The conditions and factors influencing integration are identified so awareness and recommendations can be made to introduce designers to new ways of approaching seismic retrofit design.  The main conclusion of this research is that while integration between seismic retrofit and architecture can be improved, no standard solution applicable to all retrofit projects exists. Indeed, the thesis highlights the complexity of integration which is a combination of many variables. These variables include among others, time of involvement of the architect, type of seismic structure, and extent of interior refurbishment. Designers need to be aware of certain conditions and positive factors they can draw upon for successful integration as well as negative ones they should avoid.


In December 1994 interviews and focus groups were conducted with 452 male and female inmates of the Kamfinsa Prison in Zambia to examine their knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and sexual practices. Even though 38 (8.4%) prisoners reported homosexual intercourse indirect questioning revealed a much higher number. All 38 engaged in active heterosexual relationships outside prison. While in prison no one had used condoms. The 38 were younger and less likely to be married than those who did not report homosexual behavior (24.2 vs. 30.1 years and 60% respectively) (p < 0.05 for both age and marriage). Homosexual relationships were associated with use of the illicit liquor Kachasu cannabis and tobacco. Other factors that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS were sharing of shaving equipment and tattooing. Six prisoners had used heroin while in prison. 448 prisoners had heard of AIDS. More than 90% knew the leading modes of HIV transmission. 86.5% knew that there is no cure for AIDS. 91.6% knew that sex with another man is a way to acquire HIV. More than 75% were willing to share facilities with HIV/AIDS prisoners. Only 14% had attended an HIV/AIDS workshop at the prison. Prison surveys in 1987-1988 found HIV seroprevalence to be 16%. These findings indicate a high risk of HIV transmission in this Zambian prison. Senior prison officers objected in 1990 to condom distribution in prisons out of fear that it would encourage homosexuality which is illegal. Any delay in condom distribution in prisons is unjustifiable. The authors recommend the establishment of a prison-based health education program in which prisoners are trained as peer educators and counselors.


Electric-vehicle (EV) battery-swap stations (BSSs) have become important infrastructures for the development of EVs to extend their driving range. Due to the randomness of batteries' swapping and charging patterns, the load demand of the BSS has a stochastic nature. It is necessary to investigate the charging load characteristics of BSS to guide the coordinated battery charging for mitigating the impact of disorderly charging behaviors on the distribution network. Under the uncontrolled swapping and charging scenario, four variables are essential: 1) hourly number of EVs for battery swapping; 2) the charging start time; 3) the travel distance; and 4) the charging duration. Taking these factors into account, a novel model based on Monte Carlo simulation is presented to estimate uncontrolled energy consumption of the BSS. Then, a generic nonparametric method for the estimation of prediction uncertainty of charging load demand is introduced. Adopting an actual typical BSS as an example, the simulation results show that the proposed prediction methods of the BSS charging load and probabilistic interval are suitable for forecasting the horizon 24 h ahead.


In conventional cross-correlation (CC)-based wave-equation travel-time tomography, wrong source wavelets can result in inaccurate velocity inversion results, which is known as the source–velocity trade-off. In this study, an envelope travel-time objective function is developed for wave-equation tomography to alleviate the non-uniqueness and uncertainty due to wrong source wavelets. The envelope of a seismic signal helps reduce the waveform fluctuations/distortions caused by variations of the source time function. We show that for two seismic signals generated with different source wavelets, the travel-time shift calculated by cross-correlation of their envelopes is more accurate compared to that obtained by directly cross-correlating their waveforms. Then, the CC-based envelope travel-time (ET) objective function is introduced for wave-equation tomography. A new adjoint source has also been derived to calculate the sensitivity kernels. In the numerical inversion experiments, a synthetic example with cross-well survey is first given to show that compared to the traditional CC travel-time objective function, the ET objective function is relatively insensitive to source wavelet variations and can reconstruct the elastic velocity structures more reliably. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of our method are verified by inversion of early arrivals in a practical seismic survey for recovering near-surface velocity structures.


We presented a novel impact paint sensor made of piezoresistive nano-carbon composites and studied its characteristics. The paint sensors were fabricated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), exfoliated graphite nano-platelets (xGnP), and a hybrid type of the two nano-carbon fillers and were sprayed onto a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic panel for lab testing. In ball drop impact test, the MWCNT-xGnP-based hybrid sensor showed the best characteristics in impact energy sensing within the range 0.07–1.0 J. We also studied the piezoresistive mechanism due to dimensional variations of nano carbon isotopes for sensor design. Piezorestivity of nano-carbon sensor was significantly dominated the electrical contact variation of the electrical fillers in a matrix. This study is expected to provide a feasibility test for designing impact paint sensors with optimized sensitivity for a composite structural health monitoring.


We have studied the effect of the dipolar magnetic coupling (also known as Neel coupling or "orange-peel" coupling) in tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) elements. With an in situ scanning tunneling microscope we directly accessed the roughness of the films and found a close correspondence between the values for the coupling fields determined by the magneto-optical Kerr effect and the ones computed on the basis of the measured morphology parameters. We confirm an increase of the dipole coupling between the magnetic layers with decreasing barrier thickness as predicted by the model. Deviations from the theoretical predictions are observed for the case of thinner soft magnetic layers, which can be explained by reduced magnetization in very thin films. We demonstrate the importance of dipolar coupling for understanding the magnetic behavior of TMR elements by comparing TMR curves for optimized and nonoptimized structures.


Wheat grain grown on soil treated with a heavy application rate of sewage sludge exhibited higher iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium contents than did wheat grain grown on an unfertilized control treatment. The sludge supplied more than the maximum amounts of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead recommended for addition to Ontario agricultural lands.Globoid crystals, which are inclusions in protein bodies, are the major mineral storage component of wheat grain. The elemental composition of globoid crystals in wheat grain grown with and without sludge treatment was determined using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Globoid crystals from sludge-treated and control grains exhibited similar elemental compositions with the following exceptions. When comparing sludge-treated grains versus the controls: more globoid crystals in the aleurone layer farthest from the peduncle contained calcium; more coleoptile mesophyll globoid crystals contained calcium, manganese, and (or) iron; some globoid crystals in the young f...


This study examines phenol removal from aqueous solutions through electro-Fenton (EF) process using iron electrode. The effect of operational parameters such as initial pH, current density, initial concentration of phenol, hydrogen peroxide dosage on the removal of phenol was investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of phenol removal had a direct relationship with initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and was inversely correlated with the highly alkaline pH and elevated concentration of phenol. The removal efficiency of phenol was significantly increased with increasing H2O2 concentration from 0.1 mM to 0.4 mM, but there was little influence on the removal efficiency in greater quantities of H2O2. Ultimately, phenol was almost completely removed after 45 min in this process.


Studies on radical equilibria and the spectral evaluation have been carried out for three monohydroxy-substituted benzophenones (HOBP's) in aqueous solution. The transient ketyl or anion radicals were generated via hydrated electron (eaq-) reaction or dimethyl ketyl radical reaction in a pulse radiolysis experiment. The reactivity of both the undissociated (HOBP) as well as dissociated (-OBP) forms toward these reducing agents were studied. eaq- was found to react with the HOBP's and -OBP's with diffusion-controlled rates which are of the order 3 × 1010 dm3 mol-1 s-1. In the case of the para derivative, two acid−base equilibria were identified (pKa 9 and 11) in the pH range 6−13, one corresponding to the protonation−deprotonation at the OH site of the ketyl radical and the other for the protonation−deprotonation at the carbonyl site. For the ortho derivative, the intramolecularly hydrogen bonded structure of the radical anion has been found to be stable even in strongly alkaline solution (pH 13). Three di...