Reduced land sizes, increased demand for food and employment creation are drivers for increased intensive poultry production in Kenya. Intensification of production is likely to compromise the welfare of birds raised for egg production (layers). There is therefore need to determine the welfare status of layers in smallholder farms in Kenya. This study was conducted in Kabete Sub-county of Kiambu County in Kenya, covering Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete wards. Data was collected from 135 randomly selected farms comprising of 54, 55, and 26 from Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. One laying flock in each household was studied. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on feeding, housing, health and behaviour of layers. Measurements were taken to determine stocking densities, feeding, watering, perching and nesting spaces, house temperature and litter depth. Observations were made to assess house ammonia levels, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis. In each ward a focus group discussion with farmers was held. Focus group discussion was also held with extension agents. Hen-day egg production was the same (p>0.05) in the three wards, with a mean of 80±12%. Water and feed were provided throughout the day by 100 and 80% of the farmers, respectively. The mean feed consumption was 115.2±15.7 g/bird/day, which was the same (p>0.05) in the three wards. The mean feeding space was 10.4±3.0 cm/bird while the linear watering space was 2.5±0.7 cm/bird. Similar stocking densities (p > 0.05) of 10±3, 10±3 and 11±3 birds/m2 were found in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. Similar poultry house temperatures (p>0.05) of 24.6±2.3, 24.4±2.2 and 22.9±2.9oC were recorded in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. Ammonia level was not a problem in 64% of the houses studied. In 70% of the layer houses the litter moisture content was acceptable (dry). A small proportion of farmers (24%) provided perches for the layers. Similar perching space (p>0.05) of 7.1±5.8, 12±11, 12±8.7 cm/bird was recorded in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. About 37% of the farmers reported occurrence of diseases such as New Castle, gumboro, fowl pox and fowl typhoid. All farmers provided laying nests, but none of them provided sand bathing facilities. For control of cannibalism, 63% of the farmers provided fresh green vegetables to the birds for pecking. In conclusion, welfare needs in terms of good feeding, house temperature, and litter quality were met. However the stocking density was high and there was minimum attempt to provide facilities for normal behaviour (perches and sand bathing boxes). The overall assessment was that the welfare of the birds was compromised because some of their requirements were not met.


5. 5 year-old Eucalyptus cloziana of provenance trail in Yulin and Qinzhou locations as the researched material,analyzed the growths variance of different provenances,and evaluated the adaptability of provenance. The results showed that: all provenances planted in Yulin showed a better growth than that in Qinlian,which the average values of height、DBH and tree volume were 11%,18% and 45% higher than that in Qinlian.In addition,both in Yulin and Qinlian,the differences of height,BHD and volume among provenances,locations and groups were significant. For DBH and single tree volume,the interaction effect of provenance × site had significant difference,but for height,it had no significant differences. Moreover,according to yield and stability parameters,the 18 provenances were divided into four types,which were important guiding significance for matching species with the site of Eucalyptus cloziana.


The present invention relates to a user interface method for controlling the output of the incoming signal sound smart devices. The method of the present invention, the time for controlling the output of step (mode name and the incoming signal tone for selecting a call keeper mode to shut off the output of the incoming tone through a mode setting user interface running the Call keeper application including the including). Over time to shut off the output of the incoming tone at the specified mode, it receives the communication normally without controlling the output of the incoming signal by the classification.


To study the infiltration law of grouts during grouting in irregular faults, based on the theory of self-affine fractal interpolation surface to build irregular faults and the theory of fractured rock mass grouting,the influences of fault form, grout viscosity and layout of grouting holes on the diffusion of grouts are thoroughly studied. The following results are obtained:(a) the random distribution of fault width caused by uneven surface of faults leads the grouts to noncircular diffusion, so the grouting holes cannot be arranged according to the formula for grout diffusion;(b) for the narrow faults, the grouting pressure contour of nodal interval is small, and the pressure gradient is large, and vice versa; and(c) the greater the grout viscosity is, the stronger the so called inertia of grouts is, therefore, the diffusion distance of grouts is obviously shortened. So engineers should combine the rheological tests on grouts with numerical analysis results to optimize the selection and proportion of grouts.


The spore suspension of Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into the root of banana seedlings through pot experiment, and the control effects were evaluated by three kinds of fermentation products (fermentation from fish waste, fermentation from jellyfish waste and fermentation from shrimp waste) on Banana Fusarium wilt at different concentrations. The results showed that the disease inhibition rate reached 39.7%, 33.3% and 27.6% at 10×, 50× and 100× concentration of fermentation from shrimp waste respectively after 25 days, and the control effect was the best; secondly, it was the fermentation from fish waste with the disease inhibition rate of 26.1% at 10× concentration; the last one was fermentation from jellyfish waste with the disease inhibition rate of 11.1% only. The fermentation from shrimp wastes had a significant control effect on Banana Fusarium wilt, and its mechanism might be related to its rich chitin.


A trial was established in the South Island of New Zealand to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to varying the area and duration of weed control around individual trees. Results after six years demonstrated that weed control was essential to ensure maximum survival and growth of Pinus radiata seedlings. Maintaining weed control for two seasons following planting resulted in marginally higher stand productivity than where weed control was applied in the year of planting only. A modelling approach was used to determine treatment effects in terms of a "time difference", and to make inferences on long-term treatment effects. Without weed control, tree volume six years after planting was more than 1.5 years behind trees given complete weed control. Spot vegetation control resulted in similar tree growth to total control, as long as the area and duration of weed control was greater than a 1 m spot maintained for 1 year.


By law, many home automation tasks must be carried out by a licensed electrician; however, legality isn't the only reason home integrators should work with a qualified professional.


Kinetic studies of the chirality inversion of a series of mono- and bimetallic (p-cymene)(salicylaldiminato)RuII complexes with halo ligands (1 and 2) in solution have been performed by means of the line-shape method, using 1H NMR spectroscopy to evaluate the signal exchange rates between diastereotopic protons in the p-cymene ligand. The activation parameters (ΔH‡ and ΔS‡) associated with the flipping molecular mobility were determined from variable-temperature NMR analyses, and it was found that the neutral halo complexes 1 and 2 exhibit much lower enthalpies and entropies than the corresponding cationic pyridine analogues 3.


The paper describes the design and construction of two curved box girder highway bridges which form part of the Ngauranga interchange, Wellington. The bridges were built using the incremental launching technique, a construction method developed in West Germany and not previously used in Australasia. Difficulties encountered, lessons learned and summarised construction costs are included in the paper.


Multicultural societies have a past as old as the history of humanity. In general, the term "multicultural" reflects the fact that different cultures co-exist and the term "multiculturalist" implies the personal, group and social reaction towards this fact. Multiculturalist social work discards possible homogenizing and disciplinary tendencies of the traditional social work and focuses on "understanding". The efforts of "understanding" necessarily emphasize the subjectivity. Value, knowledge and skill dimensions of multiculturalist social work practice are closely related, and influenced by each other. This process, which may be characterized as "circular," can only be "multiculturalist" on the condition that it also is "critical" and "reflexive".


An internet site can provide excellent support for traditional campus-based classes or replace the classroom for a distance learner. Appropriate use of this powerful tool depends as much upon the style of the faculty member, learning objectives of the course, and communication skills and preferences of teachers and students as upon the technology. This study examines the experiences of a business faculty member who has found the internet to be a versatile and effective tool.


The Huang Emperor stories spreading to the present with proper order and plots, most of them originated from the Records of the Historian written by Si Maqian. Some people recommend it a lot, believing that the great construction of the old history made by Si Maqian in which the Three Emperors and Three Kings originate from the Huang Emperor family tree is credible; while other scholars think that Huang Emperor family is the only united emperor system is incredible, although there are some historical images. The author prefers to the later one, believing that the old emperor's family in the Records of the Historian is nothing and meaningless, in which the Historian, Si Maqian fabricated the components. Although there are partial truth histories in the old times at different regions, it is incredible to create the series of the family tree. The researchers today should be careful to deal with, analyze and select the family tree.


The LTV fault and its associated historical seismic activity have been the focus of several scientific studies in Portugal. There are at least three historical earthquakes associated with the LTV fault, in 1344, 1531, and 1909. Magnitude estimates for these earthquakes range from 6.5 to 7.0. They caused widespread damage throughout the Lower Tagus Valley region with intensities ranging from VIII to X from Lisbon to Entroncamento. During the great 1755 earthquake, the LTV fault was likewise proposed to have ruptured coseismically. The Azambuja fault or the Vila Franca de Xira fault are suggested origins of the 1909 earthquake.


Based on the complex adaptive system theory and Cellular Automaton model,an urban growth model is developed.The model is applied to simulate the urban growth of Xi'an City.The results suggest that the model based on adaptability mechanism can represent the characteristics and rules of city development,especially for the "Unurbanization".Some of the results can bring about directive value to urban planning.


Summary The aim of the present study was to carry out a comparative analysis of fishery systems in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil (western coast of South America, between 18 and 22! S) using the Rapfish method - a rapid, innovative assessment model of fishery sustainability consisting of a multivariate ordination analysis of ecological, technological, social and economic data. The fisheries were divided into 26 fishery systems according to type of fleet, gear, target resource, ecosystem and environmental characteristics. A series of variables categorized in numeric scales from one to five were determined for each system. The attributes were compared through multivariate techniques. The comparison between fisheries in the state reflect the characteristic small-scale fisheries of the region, with minimal state intervention in management. The analysis of the social dimension revealed that the correlations between systems were mainly associated to the degree of isolation of the communities. The analysis of the ecological dimension revealed a clear coast ⁄ open ocean gradient and urbanized centers ⁄ isolated locations gradient related to the degree of commitment to the environment with regard to anthropogenic impact and the availability of resources. The economic and technological dimensions were arranged by variations in product destination, cost of fishing gear and degree of technology employed. The management dimension exhibited little sensitivity to the multivariate method em- ployed. Few systems stood apart due to the few existing management measures that di! erentiated them. The pattern of sustainability found in the kite diagrams displays a balance between the dimensions in the perspective of maximum approximation to the optimum sustainability index. Either overfished and better socio-economic conditions, or margin- alized people with use a more more sound strategy of resource exploitation.


The adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) in the form of Cr2O7(-2) ion from aqueous solution onto synthetic exchanger Amberlite IRA 400(Cl) resin was studied from UV – visible spectrphotometric measurement using DPC at 580nm. The efficiency of the adsorbent was judged from the variation of the % adsorption with (i) contact time, (ii) adsorbent dose and (iii) initial metal ion concentration. For the optimum adsorbent dose, the highest % adsorption was found to be 99.92% at 30ppm metal ion concentration.

 Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, metal ion


This work shows that trifluoromethyl (CF3) substituents can be used to increase the rate of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in conjugated organic molecules by tuning the excitonic character of the singlet and triplet excited states. The synthesis and detailed photophysical characterization of four new functionalized donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) compounds using CF3-substituted-thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide and dimethylacridine units are presented. Several compounds are reported to exhibit rapid blue/green thermally activated delayed fluorescence with major delayed fluorescence lifetime components of ≈1–2 μs. Changes in the orbital character of singlet and triplet states (local vs. charge transfer) result in significant changes in rates of delayed fluorescence, despite similar ΔEST values. The change in orbital character is well supported by TD-DFT calculations. Electrochemical measurements reveal strong shifts in redox potentials that can be induced by σ-electron withdrawing CF3 substituents. Trifluoromethyl substituted compounds with a wider ΔEST also perform more efficiently than might be expected due to the demonstrated changes in excited state character. This study reveals important photophysical and molecular design implications for the future development of TADF emitters.


An important performance index of explosive is the driving ability of fragment. A new fragment driving test device is proposed in this paper. Taking spherical tungsten fragment as the driving object, the influence of thin shell and thick shell structure on the driving ability of the test device was analyzed combined with TNT and WY-1 explosives. The test results show that the designed fragment driving test device can effectively distinguish the driving ability of different explosives to fragments. And the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The deviation of fragment driving velocity obtained by the test device is 5 % ~ 8 % compared with that calculated by Gurney model.


This chapter explores how the Catholic and Protestant churches respectively reconceived their theologies of mission in the final four decades of the twentieth century. Particular attention is devoted to the Second Vatican Council of 1962–65, the Uppsala Assembly of the World Council of Churches in 1968, and the Lausanne Congress for World Evangelization convened by the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association in 1974. It was not accidental that this process of fundamental revision was concentrated on the 1960s and 1970s—decades that witnessed the rapid dismantling of the Western colonial empires, the emergence of the "Third World" as an ideological bloc, and the highly charged political atmosphere of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the West. Neither the Catholic nor the Protestant missionary movements were the offspring of colonialism, but both regularly employed the language of global Christian dominion and both tried to use colonial governments to forward their evangelistic objectives. It was thus inevitable that the anticolonial invective of these decades should not leave the churches' overseas missionary activities unscathed. These years were also an era of social and intellectual ferment in European societies. Movements of revolutionary protest against established institutions and their perceived role in the perpetuation of structural injustice and international capitalism swept through university campuses. The historic churches and their governing hierarchies were often caught in the gunfire. Their formulation of their role in the world and even of their message itself could not be unaffected.


We investigate the possibility of detecting solar antineutrinos with the KamLAND experiment. These antineutrinos are predicted by spin-flavor oscillations at a significant rate even if this mechanism is not the leading solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem. The recent evidence from SNO shows that a) the neutrino oscillates, only around 34% of the initial solar neutrinos arrive at the Earth as electron neutrinos and b) the conversion is mainly into active neutrinos, however a non e,μ,τ component is allowed: the fraction of oscillation into non-μ−τ neutrinos is found to be cos 2α = 0.08+0.20−0.40. This residual flux could include sterile neutrinos and/or the antineutrinos of the active flavors. KamLAND is potentially sensitive to antineutrinos derived from solar 8B neutrinos. In case of negative results, we find that KamLAND could put strict limits on the flux of solar antineutrinos, Φ(8B) < 1.0 × 104 cm−2s−1, more than one order of magnitude smaller than existing limits, and on their appearance probability P < 0.20−0.15% (95% CL) after 1-3 years of operation. Assuming a concrete model for antineutrino production by spin-flavor precession, this upper bound implies an upper limit on the product of the intrinsic neutrino magnetic moment and the value of the solar magnetic field μB < 10−21 MeV (95% CL). For B ~ 10−100 kG, we would have μ < 10−11−10−12 μB (95% CL). In the opposite case, if spin-flavor precession is indeed at work even at a non-leading rate, the additional flux of antineutrinos could strongly distort the signal spectrum seen at KamLAND at energies above 4−5 MeV and their contribution should properly be taken into account.


Wireless technologies can support the activities of mobile response teams (MRT) such as firefighters and combat personnel. MRT encounter dynamic, fast-paced, and informationintensive situations that require precise communication and coordination of actions between team members. This paper discusses the information needs of several types of MRT, and presents cue design guidelines to keep team members informed, aware, and focused.


Humoral immune responses against the "Cancer‐Testis" (CT) antigen NY‐ESO‐1 are frequently observed in patients with NY‐ESO‐1 expressing tumors. This is in contrast to other known tumor antigens (TA) defined by antibody or cytotoxic T cell (CTL) reactivity, i.e., MAGE‐1, MAGE‐3, SSX2, Melan A, and tyrosinase. No NY‐ESO‐1 antibody has been detected in healthy controls and patients with NY‐ESO‐1 negative tumors. In this study, we have assessed the NY‐ESO‐1 serum antibody response in patients with NY‐ESO‐1 positive tumors of different histological types and stages using Western blotting and an ELISA. Of the 12 patients analyzed, 10 had demonstrable NY‐ESO‐1 antibodies at the start of the study. All patients were followed for changes in NY‐ESO‐1 antibody titers during the course of tumor treatment and clinical evolution. In 4 patients, an increase of NY‐ESO‐1 antibody titer was observed with progression of disease or extensive tumor necrosis under treatment. One patient showed a stable NY‐ESO‐1 antibody titer over 3 years along with gradual regression of a large tumor mass. In 5 patients, a decrease of NY‐ESO‐1 antibody was detected: in 1 patient after curative tumor resection, in 3 patients with partial regression of metastatic disease under chemo‐ and immunotherapy, and in another patient with a NY‐ESO‐1 negative tumor relapse. Our results indicate that the induction and maintenance of NY‐ESO‐1 antibody is dependent on the presence of NY‐ESO‐1 expressing tumors. Furthermore, changes in NY‐ESO‐1 antibody titers correlate with the evolution of NY‐ESO‐1 positive disease. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:506–510, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The publication of the Crick report (1998) on citizenship education and the subsequent Order for implementing the compulsory status of the topic for Key Stages 3 and 4 have generated considerable comment. However, the historical background to this development has been only sketchily treated. This article attempts to provide a little more detail, to suggest a framework of analysis to illuminate the history and to indicate the relevance of this past experience for current work. The analytical framework is provided by the identification of five factors that have shaped the evolution of citizenship education in England. These are: the lack of central guidance and reliance on private initiatives; the extension of the franchise and the issue of maturity; social class and examination structures; war and peace; Empire and Commonwealth.


Galen (AD129-210) is generally credited with providing the first description of the cranial nerves (CNs) in the second century. Nearly 1700 years later, however, Gustav Fritsch (1878) noted a previously unidentified, slender CN entering the brain of a shark anterior to CN I.2 This nerve was subsequently identified in human embryos in 19053 and then noted in adult humans in 1914.4 Multiple names have been given over the years to this nerve, including nervus terminalis and CN N, but because of its location emerging anterior to CN I, following the convention of naming in a rostral to caudal direction, anatomists settled on CN zero (CN 0) in 1999.5 In addition to its rostral location at the skull base, the nerve is unusual and frequently overlooked because of its diminutive size and plexiform character. Further, it is integrated into the dura adjacent to the crista galli. While its course in the sinonasal cavity below the skull base has been relatively poorly defined, it appears to descend over the posterior septum and adjacent sphenoid rostrum. KEY POINTS


The present invention relates to a rapid diagnostic kits and methods for using the using the chemiluminescent and chemical fluorescence, and more particularly, to a sample pad, conjugate pad, a signal band and make the band rapid diagnostic kit consisting of separate membrane and the absorbent pad composed of method, application of the optical sensor comprises a mixed solid solution nanowire of the separation membrane chemiluminescence and chemical particular CdS Mixing solid solution nanowires, a light sensor, a chemiluminescent, fluorescent chemical, rapid diagnostic kit


Twenty-six diverse chickpea genotype were evaluated for eight characters in randomized experiment. Significant variation for all traits reflected in ANOVA. Phenotypic variability coefficients were higher than respective genotypic variability coefficients indicating presence of environmental components. Pods/plant exhibited highest genetic advance under selection coupled with high variability and heritability. Selection applied on this trait may result in high genetic gain in yield also.


Thiamine, also called vitamin B1, is a water soluble vitamin that is involved in the formation of ATP in cells. The active metabolite of thiamine is a co-enzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) that plays an active role in carbohydrate metabolism and the formation of amino acid binding conjugates. Directly, thiamine may increase energy production in heart muscle cells through such mechanism, whereas in conditions of heart failure, a decrease in the contractility of  heart muscle may be found. Therefore, thiamine supplementation is needed in stage II heart failure patients due to long-term use of furosemide that triggers the thiamine deficiency condition. Thiamine supplementation here is enabled to increase heart cells contractility which may ultimately increase the ejection fraction value of the heart muscle as a parameter of heart work efficiency measurement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thiamine administration as a therapeutic supplement in stage II of heart failure patients on the ejection fraction rate changes in pre and post thiamine supplement therapy for 28 days. The study was conducted using Cross Sectional Prospective Observational Analysis method between April and August 2016 in male patients with NYHA II heart failure who received furosemide therapy meeting the inclusion criteria at Heart Clinic Jemursari Islamic Hospital, Surabaya. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study were 32 patients, 16 control patients and 16 treatment group patients between the ages of 35-75 years. During this study, after supplementation of thiamine 300 mg/day, 16 patients in the treatment group experienced an increase in ejection fraction rate (13.5%). The result of paired t test p=0.000 (p<α; α=0,05) showed significant difference between ejection fraction rate of pre and post thiamin supplementation. This study concluded that thiamine supplement therapy of 300 mg/day could increase the ejection fraction rate in patients of stage II heart failure.


Objective In order to investigate the effect of c mycon hepatic apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after transcatherarterialchemoembolization(TACE).Methods Expression of c myc in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method and apoptosis by ISEL method in the 120 patients with HCC who had been treated by TACE(TACE group) and 30 patients without any treatments(no TACE group).Results Expression rate of c myc in HCC tissues of TACE group and no TACE group was 16.67% and 83.33% respectively.Apoptosis indexes in HCC tissues of TACE group and no TACE group were 0.0088 and 0.1901 respectively.The results indicated that after arterial chemo embolization,the apoptosis rate in HCC was raised,the expression rate of c myc in HCC tissues was significantly increased.Conclusion c myc might play an important role in enhancing hepatic apoptosis in HCC.


The present invention relates to the methods for heating one or more streams from refining process, one or more streams from refining process are fed selected from crude tower, vacuum column charging, cat reformer charging, coker feed, thermal cracker charging and hydrocracker charging, it the described method comprises the following steps: in a heat exchanger by the heated conveying from one or more streams of petroleum-chemical process to one or more streams from refining process to obtain one or more heated streams, it is described to be selected from steam cracker feed stock gas from one or more streams of petroleum-chemical process, dehydrogenating propane unstripped gas and butane dehydrogenation unstripped gas, wherein before the heat exchange steps occur, the temperature from one or more streams of petroleum-chemical process is higher than described from the one or more of refining process The temperature of a stream.


A time of celebration and commemoration, 2010 was the year of the celebration of Independence in Latin America. '200 years of independence" was celebrated through a liturgy of the past and a ritual of commemoration. Thus, the theater of national memory updated a social control strategy used by the catholic Church for centuries: irs control over time and space. Thus, particularly in Mexico, calendars and geographies were battlefields between the State and Church, but especially between the State and social groups and movements, which, when confronted with state celebrations and by using a variety of strategies, redesigned the culture of nationalism. A dispute over memory and the past, it was also a dispute over the present and fLiture alternatives.


The relationship between motivational language, school culture and work-related life quality was researched by structural equation modeling (SEM) in this study. The population of the research was composed of 378 school teachers teaching at different schools of in Manisa province of Turkey. The volunteer teachers were selected using convenience sampling method. A qualitative design of correlational research model was employed. The correlations among the variables, and the research questions were tested employing SEM. We offered three models. The first model was not verified but the second and the third models were verified according to the data obtained from the survey. As a result of the research, the motivational language (ML) did not have a correlation with school culture (SC) and work-related life quality (WRQoL) in model 1. WRQoL did not show a correlation with ML but it had a relationship with SC in the model 2. SC showed a good correlation with work-related life quality but it did not show a relation with ML in model 3.


To an already extensive bibliography on attempts to describe and classify The Varieties of Human Physioue, Sheldon and his collaborators have added a 1940 reference.2 Publication of this book has been awaited for some time. It had been anticipated the book would represent the rigorous reporting of a first-class investigation. The writer recently read The Varieties of Human Physique. Being actively engaged both in teaching and research relating to the physical growth of the child, he attempted to obtain a reasonable mastery of the book's contents. The task was found to be far from straightforward. At numerous points the report appeared unnecessarily vague or involved. Instances of seemingly ambiguous terminology, confused inference, and needlessly indefinite statement were found to occur with exceptional frequency. The purpose of this paper is to cite some of the specific material which generated the above reactions, and to inquire whether or not the reactions of others concur. Clearly, then, the paper is not intended to constitute either a systematic review or a comprehensive evaluation. It is no more than a series of miscellaneous comments, addressed to individuals already familiar with the book itself, and directed toward greater clarity and precision in the planning and reporting of "constitutional" research.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused immense damage to most nations of the world, both in terms of loss of human lives, as well as, socio-economic attributes. The immunopathogenesis of the responsible pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, has been a focal point and researchers have succeeded in deciphering the multi-organ tropism of the virus along with its different routes of infection. The hallmark feature of the SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis is the high rates of transmission and the susceptibility of a vulnerable group with systemic co-morbidities. Also, genetic components of the host, as well as mutant variants of the virus have further complicated the development of appropriate treatment strategies and preventive measures. The virus is aptly able to modulate the host immune system and mediate immune-dysregulation in terms of cytokine or chemokine production leading to a heightened inflammatory response. In the current review, we have summarized the present research on SARS-CoV-2 from the angles of host genetic polymorphism, genetic variants of the virus, and how these affect the high transmission, disease susceptibility, and tissue tropism in multiple organs of the human body.


In this paper, we manufactured glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites by vacuum assisted resin injection processing. The composites were then used as the base material in the bolted joints, and the structural health monitoring process on the joints by Lamb wave was carried out. The relationship between Lamb wave signals and the pre-tightening force on the bolts was built. Results indicated that S0/A0 wave amplitudes decrease with the increasing of the applied load. Finite element simulation works were performed to capture the wave features. The application possibility of Lamb wave based structure health monitoring in the bolted joint-like composite structures was thus achieved.


Trace elements is the main content in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology courses through students' self-study. This topic takes the trace elements as the content of open video courses to make the medical students and the public be able to scientifically understand the relationship between trace elements and human health and pay attention to the influence of dietary nutrition and environmental pollution on human society. This course is based on audience online teaching rules and online learning needs, to achieve high-quality resources sharing and popularity as the goal, using typical case, vividly describes the source of the common trace element, function, and the relationship between health and disease. In the course construction, we realize that the selection of teaching content, optimization of teachers, professional recording team are the basic elements of the success of open video courses production. The combina-tion of open video courses and flipped classroom teaching has gained a high degree of satisfaction in improving students' independent learning ability, expanding knowledge and so on.

Key words:
Trace elements; Human health; Video open class


This research is motivated low yields social studies in Class V SDN 13 Valley Crossing this is caused by the mismatch of teachers in teaching methods. To improve student learning outcomes in social studies learning researchers applied a model Numbered Head Together. The purpose of this class action research to increase learning outcomes IPS with Model Numbered Head Together in Class V SDN 13 Valley Crossing. The study was conducted is classroom action research conducted two cycles, each cycle of two meetings. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SDN 13, Valley Crossing, totaling 31 students, 13 males, 18 females. Techniques used in the form of observation and data collection techniques mixed with a percentage. The results obtained using the Numbered Head Together with two cycles showed an increase. The average assessment cycle lesson plan I is 63.90% rise in the second cycle to 85.25%. Implementation aspects of teacher appraisal cycle I is 66.66% increase in cycle II to 79.16%, and the aspects of the first cycle of students is 66.66% rise in the second cycle to 65%. And learning outcomes of students in the first cycle is 63.90% rise in the second cycle to 85.25%. Thus it can be said that the type Numbered Head Together to improve student learning outcomes in social studies learning in class V SDN 13 Valley Crossing, West Pasaman. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, IPS, Model Numbered Heads Together


Tal‐1 gene (also known as SCL or TCL‐5) was initially identified by its implication in a chromosomal translocation associated with a T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors and plays a major role in normal hematopoiesis. This review aims at showing how a master protein of hematopoietic development becomes involved in leukemogenesis when its gene regulation is altered. I will first summarize the data on TAL‐1 functions during the primitive and the definitive hematopoiesis, the known target genes during these differentiations; the way TAL‐1 is acting at the transcriptional level with a peculiar emphasis on the nuclear complexes built around TAL‐1 and involved in TAL‐1 functions in transcription. In the case of T‐cell leukemogenesis, we will show the numerous ways the tal‐1 gene is activated during this process; the dysregulation of T lymphopoiesis induced by the ectopic TAL‐1 expression and I will discuss the various mice models that try to mimic the TAL‐1 functions in T‐cell leukemogenesis.


The Russian Federation, a vast nation that spans 11 time zones across the continents of Europe and Asia, has a profound 1,000-year intellectual and spiritual tradition. The Russian nation has weathered the cataclysms of its history and, today, finds itself facing an array of political, economic, and social challenges that call for the development of adequate mental health services. The counseling profession is one of the more recent innovations. To understand the position of counseling among the present trends and future perspectives of the mental health professions in Russia, one needs to understand Russia's current situation, as well as the historical forces that have shaped its culture. Russia is home to 160 different ethnic groups and indigenous people, living in a land that borders on 14 different countries. An important unifying aspect of this diverse nation of cities, however, is its common official language. Although its 141.9 million people speak more than 140 languages and dialects, almost all of them also speak Russian. Despite its ethnic diversity and massive size, the Russian educational system has achieved a 99.4% literacy rate, higher than that of the United States. Approximately 7 million students attend the country's 1,090 higher education institutions, almost all of which are state supported (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], n.d.; U.S. Department of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, n.d.). Russia places a high value on education, and directives from the Russian government form the basis of curriculum development. In addition, Russia is a nation of urban centers. It is the largest country in the world, with a land mass almost twice that of the United States, even though Russia's population is only half as large (141.9 million vs. 308.7 million; CIA, n.d.; U.S. Department of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, n.d.). However, to compare Russia's population density (22 people per square mile) with that of the United States (76 people per square mile) is entirely misleading. Russia has 13 cities of more than a million people, compared with nine such cities in the United States ("List of Cities and Towns in Russia," n.d.; "List of United States Cities," n.d.). Moreover, approximately 20% of Russia's entire population lives in these massive urban centers, compared with a mere 8% of the United States' population living in its nine largest cities. By this key measure, Russia is more urban than the United States, and this urbanization has a significant impact on its social problems, the delivery of its social services, and the type of training programs that may prove effective in meeting its social needs. To meet the needs of a rapidly changing society following the fall of the Communist regime in 1991, the field of social work emerged in Russia in 1991. The counseling profession is now officially established as a branch within the social work field, as a result of a government directive that went into effect in 2011 (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [Ministry of Education and Science], 2009). Another recent government policy calls for the creation of an addictions counseling specialty, offering the potential for counselors to work alongside psychologists and medical doctors in the treatment of addictions. A look at Russian history, including the history of its mental health professions, may provide an understanding of the unique aspects of Russian culture that affect the potential for the emerging counseling profession in the world's largest country. * Political and Religious History (962-Present) Reporting on how Russians are likely to respond to the trauma of terror, a Russian public opinion analyst gave an insight that resonates throughout Russian history: "People place their trust in the president, the army and the church" (Krainova &von Twickel, 2009). From Russia's beginnings as Kievan Rus in the year 962, whether the Russian leader has been called prince, czar, or prime minister, that "president" is an authoritarian leader. …


In search of new organic nonlinear optic crystals, aromatic compounds with donor and acceptor substituents are extensively studied. Some new crystals with large nonlinear coefficient have been reported. This kind of crystals is usually not useful in ultraviolet region, because the distance between energy levels in conjugated π bonds gets smaller due to the strong conjugation effect. In exploring new organic nonlinear optic crystals used in ultraviolet region, we have discovered a new phase matchable nonlinear optic organic crystal --L-arginine phosphate monohydrate. Of the size 13×35×35 mm~3 LAP single crystals with good optical quality have been grown by the cooling and evaporating methods. LAP crystal belongs to monoclinic system; its space group is P2_1. It shows the following proper ties: (1) transparency range over 10% extends from 230nm to 1940 nm; over 50% extends from 240nm to 1500 nm; (2) when basic wave is 1064 nm and harmonic wave is 532 nm, the calculated phase matching curved surface belongs to Hobden 's ninth type; (3) SHG intensity of LAP crystal in phase matching direction (θ=57°ρ=-13°phase matching type II) is 3.5 times greater than that of KDP crystal (θ=59°ρ=0°type II). It is worth to note that this direction of LAP crystal will not be one of its maximum effective nonlinear coefficient; (4) when basic waves are 1064 nm and 532 nm, the sum-frequency effect has been observed; (5) the optical damage threshold is higher than 1 GW/cm~2·s at 1064 nm; (6) the stability towards atmospheric moisture is excellent. As a result, LAP crystal is a promising nonlinear optic crystal.


The study is focused on the mathematical modelling of leakage flow in very narrow channels. The problem is solved as a two-dimensional non-stationary turbulent compressible Newtonian fluid flow with ideal gas properties. The turbulent flow is assumed to be statistically steady and the mathematical model is described by the non-linear conservative system of the compressible Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Its numerical solution is performed using the explicit cell-centred finite volume time stepping scheme of MacCormack algorithm on a structured quadrilateral grid. For the computation of turbulent viscosity, the algebraic Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is implemented into the presented numerical code. The leakage flow is studied for two given pressure ratios between inlet and outlet of a computational domain.


The calibration test is key to measure landing gear loads by strain gage method.It needed to remove and reinstall landing gear from aircraft,and develop some facilities during previous calibration test.With the influence of Russia landing gear calibration test,we developed a loading Balance which was specially designed for landing gear load calibration test.Using the Balance,we can carry out landing gear calibration test on aircraft's real landing state,and overcome the shortcoming of the way before,which was difficult to simulate the stiffness of aircraft and landing gear,and results in big errors.


We consider a Zener double-well problem related to the magnetic bands in a superlattice Bloch operator. We give the precise asymptotic behaviour of the level splittings. This way we extend the Peierls substitution rule to an exponentially small term and furthermore, for the first time, we rigorously compute an exponentially small term in a Zener problem.


In this paper, we study the boundedness of the Jacobian of the gravitational force vector of serial link robot manipulators with respect to the generalized coordinate vector. The uniform bound of this matrix plays an important role in the stability analysis and design of many control systems. In order to insure the existence of a uniform bound, it is typically assumed that manipulators under consideration have only revolute joints. We therefore propose a larger class of manipulators, referred to as class BD manipulators, for which a uniform bound exists. This bound can easily be computed using basic link parameters including the link masses, the Denavit-Hartenberg link parameters, and the link center of mass locations.


The statements to which this note bears reference have been published by Mr D. Cameron, of Daviot, in two short papers printed in abstract at pp. 330-31 of the Society's Transactions for 1886, and entitled respectively ‶Geological Observations in Easter Ross, &c.,″ and ‶The Geology of Fearn and Tarbat.″ Having ascertained from the author of these papers the exact localities of the supposed shell-beds, the writer of this note visited them in the course of his official survey of the district in November last, and he found with regret that the shells, described in one case as Arctic in character are nothing more than the debris of kitchen-midden heaps which are to be assigned to a recent and wholly artificial origin. The deposit at Cadboll, in the parish of Fearn, stated as 124 feet above present sea-level, is to be seen near the edge of the cliff above the shore of the Moray Firth, near an old quarry of yellow sandstone above a footway which descends upon the beach. It consists of a scattering of shells of the common mussel and other edible species, above ordinary dark soil, with a subsoil of red boulder clay. The deposit at the fishing village of Portmahomack, in the parish of Tarbat, described as 84 feet above sea-level, is a heap of mussels and limpets thrown out upon a surface of the blown sand which in quite recent times, if tradition is to be trusted, has spread over the neighbourhood of the village. A


This study aims to determine social interactions in cooperation and accommodation between Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Sungai Bulan Village, Singkawang Utara. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative with data sourced from the community (primary data) and documentation (secondary information). This study's informants were six people from Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Sungai Bulan Village, Singkawang Utara. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing are the data analysis techniques used. The validity of the research data was tested using extended observations and triangulation. The results of this study show that there is cooperation in the form of association, bargaining, and collaboration. In addition, there are also accommodations in the form of compromise, mediation, and tolerance between both ethnic groups. Based on the results, social interaction in the form of cooperation and capacity between Chinese and Malay ethnic groups in Sungai Bulan Village, Singkawang Utara, is going very well.


A BrΦnsted-Lewis (B-L) conjugated solid superacid HPW-SbF5/SiO2 was synthesized by a two-step method. This B-L acid shows high acid strength, high activity, good selectivity and moderate stability in alkylation of isobutane/butene due to strong interaction between the BrΦnsted acid and the Lewis acid, as confirmed by the results of IR, NMR and XPS. Under a mild reaction condition (30℃, 15-35x105 Pa), the conversion of butene was maintained at 100% for 1 10 hours on stream and the main products were C8 and TMP. The results of alkylation conducted under various operating conditions indicated that the activity was improved by increasing the loading content of HPW and SbF5. The selectivity of TMP in the products was enhanced when the isobutane/butene ratio in the feedstock was increased. The existence of some intermediates was also reported.


Background
Apartment ownership is a popular and well established type of housing in many countries, such as Norway, Denmark and UK. During spring 2009 the Swedish Parliament passed a new legislati ...


We examined the sediment profiles, surface accretion rates, and soil carbon (C) accumulation rates of two brackish tidal marshes on Kilbella and Wannock Rivers of the central coast of British Columbia, Canada, a region where such tidal marsh studies are rare. Sediment grain size is variable within these deposits and is a significant predictor of soil C density. The average soil C density of the Kilbella (0.027 ± 0.01 g C cm−³) and the Wannock marsh (0.029 ± 0.007 g C cm−³) are within the range of reported global averages. Compared to global estimates, the depth weighted mean rates of soil C accumulation are low, between 29 and 50 g C m−2 year−1, although high sectional rates (up to 490 ± 230 g C m−³ year−1) occur in deeper segments of the marsh profile at Kilbella. Modern accretion rates are below moderate to high sea level rise scenarios. The Kilbella marsh contains sand layers from periods of mass sedimentation events (landslides and tsunamis), which provide the marsh with elevation capital that can be critical to its sustainability. The Kilbella profile demonstrates that variation in carbon density with depth cannot be predicted in marshes on geomorphologically dynamic coasts.


The article describes the methodology behind a research and education project for women in the Dominican Republic, and introduces a strip on women and society, part of which is reproduced in the original Spanish, with English sub‐titles.


Leading-in is an important step in the teaching process.In order to increase the diversity of leading-in in the college English teaching,British and American literature could be a part of leading-in of college English and has an active effect on college English teaching.It can not only strengthen students' interests,but also helps students learn about Western culture and improves their humanistic quality.


We investigated the skeletal muscle adaptation to l‐arginine supplementation prior to a single session of resistance exercise (RE) during the early phase of muscle repair. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into non‐exercised (Control), RE plus vehicle (RE); RE plus l‐arginine (RE+L‐arg) and RE plus aminoguanidine (RE+AG) groups. Animals received four doses of either vehicle (0.9% NaCl), l‐arg (1 g/b.w.), or AG (iNOS inhibitor) (50 mg/b.w.). The animals performed a single RE session until the concentric failure (ladder climbing; 80% overload) and the skeletal muscles were harvested at 0, 8, 24, and 48 hours post‐RE. The RE resulted in increased neutrophil infiltrate (24 hours post‐RE) (3621 vs 11852; P<.0001) associated with enhanced TNF‐α (819.49 vs 357.02; P<.005) and IL‐6 (3.84 vs 1.08; P<.0001). Prior, l‐arginine supplementation attenuates neutrophil infiltration (5622; P<.0001), and also TNF‐α (506.01; P<.05) and IL‐6 (2.51, P<.05) levels. AG pretreatment mediated an inhibition of iNOS levels similar to levels found in RE group. RE animals displayed increased of atrogin‐1 (1.9 fold) and MuRF‐1 (3.2 fold) mRNA levels, reversed by l‐arg supplementation [atrogin‐1 (0.6 fold; P<.001); MuRF‐1 (0.8‐fold; P<.001)] at 24 hours post‐RE. MyoD up‐regulated levels were restricted to l‐arg treated animals at 24 hours (2.8 vs 1.5 fold; P<.005) and 48 hours post‐RE (2.4 vs 1.1 fold; P<.001). AG pretreatment reversed these processes at 24 hours [atrogin‐1 (2.1 fold; P<.0001); MuRF‐1 (2.5 fold; P<.0001); MyoD (1.4 fold)]. l‐arginine supplementation seems to attenuate the resolution of RE‐induced muscle inflammation and up‐regulates MyoD expression during the early phase of muscle repair.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of anterior release and posterior three-dimensional(3D)correction for rigid thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and explore the prevention of perioperative complications.Methods:Thirty-four patients with thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were retrospective analyzed.There were 5 males and 29 females with an average age of 14.7 years(from 8 to 21 years).All cases were idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis.The scoliosises were treated with anterior release and posterior correction(26 cases with thoracotomic and 8 cases thoracoscope).The Cobb's angles,apical and end vertebra rotation,trunk shift were respectively measured at the preoperative,postoperative and final follow-up.Perioperative and postoperative complications were documented.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-39 months with an average of 22 months.The average postoperative correction rate was 80.62%.At the final follow-up,the average Cobb's angle of the thoracic curve were 18.5° 18 cases,with the mean 4.3° loss of correction.The sagittal thoracic kyphosis the all cases was improved after operation.The correction rate of the apical and the end vertebra rotation were 62.91% and 47.60%.The trunk shift was 3 mm after surgery.Perioperative complication including hypoxemia in 1 case and pleural effusion in 2 cases were cured by conservative treatment.No spine imbalance and other complications were found.Conclusion:Anterior release and posterior 3D correction for the treatment of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may improve obviously apical vertebral rotation and obtain satisfactory correction effect.Active preparation,reasonable design,and careful operation are the key points for decreasing the occurance of complications.


This study attempts to isolate the GST from serum of human in city center of Mosul. Three proteinous components had been isolated by gel filtration chromatography from the precipitate produced by ammonium sulfate. It was found that only the second peak had a high activity for GST. The apparent molecular weight of the isolated GST using gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE was(24,717) and (24,807) dalton respectively. Maximum activity for GST was obtained using (22.463) mmol/l of 1-chloro-2,4dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate, phosphate buffer (0.11 M/l) as a buffer at pH (6.4) for (12) minutes in incubation at (25)°C. Using lineweaver–burk plot, the maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were (0.625) μmol/ min and (10.526) mmol/l respectively. Benzyl chloride inhibition on the GST activity were investigated and showed noncompetitive inhibition at a concentration of (30) mmol/l. ــ ــــــــــ ـ ـــــــــــ ـ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ لصف يئزج ةساردو ةيكرحلا تافصلا ضعب لأ ميزن وياثاتولك ن -S سنارت ف ي زير نم لصم ناسنلإا صخلملا ميزنأ لزع تلواح ةساردلا نوياثاتولك S سنارت ف ي زير زكرم يف شيعي صخشل لصملا نم ةنيدم لصوملا . لصف مت ذإ ثلاث سيئر مزح ة سارلل يملاهلا حيشرتلا ةينقتب تانيتوربلا نم ب بلأ ينيتور نم جتانلا بيسرتلا ـب موـينوملاا تاـتيربك ميزـنلأ ةـيلاع ةـيلاعف ةـيناثلا ةـمزحلا ترـهظأو ، نوياـثاتولك S سنارت ف ي زير . ملاهلا حيشرتلا يتينقت مادختساب ميزنلأل يئيزجلا نزولا ردق و ،ةيئابرهكلا ةرجهلاو ي دجو هنأ دودحب ) 24,717 ( و ) 24,807 ( يلاوتلا ىلع نوتلاد . ا داجيأ مت ميزنأ ةيلاعفل ةيلاثملا فورظل نوياثاتولك S سـنارت ف ي زير يتلااـك تـناكو : مادختـسا ) 22.463 ( لوم يلم / ةدام نم رتل ) 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) ( ةدامك ساـسأ و ) 0.11 ( لوم / مظنـملا لولحملا نم رتل ) Phosphate buffer ( ينيجوردـيه سأ دـنع ) 6.4 ( ةرارـح ةـجردو Luay A. Al-Helaly 72 نيضحت ) 25 ( فب  م اهرادقم ةينمز ةرت ) 12 ( ةقيقد . رفيو نيلا مسر مادختسابو – مت كرب داجيأ ةعرسلا ةميق ىوصقلا ) Vmax ( سليكم تباثو ) Km ( ـل ةيواسم اتناكو ) 0.625 لوموركيام / ةقيقد ( و ) 10.526 ( يـلم لوم / يلاوتلا ىلع رتل . ريثأت ةسارد تمت كلذك طبثملا زنب ا لي رولك ا دي ىلع ميزنأ ةيلاعف ياثاتولك نو S سنارت ف ي زير نأ جئاتنلا تنيبو ، طيبثتلا ريغ يسفانت لا دنع رت زيك ) 30 ( لوم يلم / رتل . ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــ ــــــــــــ INTRODUCTION The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) (EC 18.104.22.168) are dimeric enzyme found in mammals, insects, plants, and microbes that catalyze nucleophilic attack by the thiolate anion of GSH at electrophilic centers of hydrophobic molecules (Mannervik and Danielson,1988). GST contribute in conjugating drugs, poisons, and other compounds with reduced glutathione and neutralize the electrophilic side and dissolution in the aqueous cellular and extracellular media, to be excreted, out of the body (Mannervik, 1996; Bello et al.,2001;Raza et al.,2002; Baraczyk-Kuoma et al.,2004). Role of GST in detoxification of xenobiotics has been classified into three distinct phases. Phases I and II involve the conversion of a lipophilic, non-polar xenobiotic into a more water-soluble less toxic metabolite, which is then eliminated more easily from the cell (Cedeberg, 2001; Chauhan,2003). The mammalian GST are localized in both the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum however, the cytosolic glutathione activities are usually 5-40 times greater than the microsomal activity (Chauhan,2003). GST catalyze the general reaction: GSH + R-X GSR + HX The main function of this enzyme is to bring the substrate into close proximity with GSH by binding both GSH and electrophilic substrate to the active site of the protein , and activate the sulfhydryl group on GSH, thereby allowing for nucleophilic attack of GSH in the electrophilic substrate (R-X). GST catalyze various reactions like nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, reversible Michael additions to α, βunsaturated aldehydes and ketones, isomerizations, epoxide ring openings, and for few GST, peroxidase reactions (Chauhan,2003). The electrophilic functional center of the substrates can be carbon, nitrogen or sulfur(Stipanuk,2000).. Although endogenous substrates for mammalian GST have not been clearly defined, there is evidence that α-GST protect against oxidative stress by detoxifying reactive products generated by lipid peroxidation (Singhal et al., 1992). This class, which is very heterogeneous in primary structure, also includes GST from microbes, insects, and mammals (Buetler and Eaton, 1992; Pemble and Taylor, 1992). The aim of the research is to provide a detailed study of glutathione S-transferase (GST) involving isolation, characterization and purification from human serum in normal using different biochemical techniques. Partial Separation and Some Kinetic studies....... 73 MATERIALS AND METHODS Assay the activity of serum Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Principle The activity was determined by using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate (Habig et al.,1974), Figure(1).


CHINA: Country Presentations on National Sustainable Development Goal Implementation Planning Process and Status by Dr. Yu Yunjun, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE)


We consider a switch module routing problem for symmetric array FPGAs. The work is motivated by two applications. The first is that of efficiently evaluating switch module designs. The second is that of evaluating the routability of global routing paths for a placement on this architecture. Only an approximate algorithm was previously known for this problem. In this paper, we present an optimal algorithm for the problem based on integer linear programming. Experimental results consistently show that our algorithm is very efficient for practical sized switch modules. We further improve this technique, by doing some pre-processing on the given switch module. We also identify interesting special cases of the problem which can be solved optimally in polynomial time.


Response surfaces were examined relating inputs of separated milk and wheat to liveweight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, and carcase composition of pigs growing to pork or bacon weights. Twenty-eight different dietary treatments were examined in eight separate experiments. Diets ranged from all separated milk to all wheat, and in each experiment levels of feeding ranged from two to five per cent of body weight. A total of 128 individually fed pigs were used. As levels of feeding increased, daily gains increased, dissectible lean decreased, but there was no consistent effect on efficiency of feed conversion. The exception was where the quality and quantity of protein ingested limited growth rate, and under these circumstances feed efficiency tended to worsen. Desirable production factors were not necessarily associated with any one treatment. Although high daily gains meant that pigs were marketed earlier, carcases produced in this way were fat and not as valuable as those pigs grown more slowly. It was concluded that the response surface approach offers a method of examining a wide range of inputoutput relationships with a minimum expenditure of research facilities.


The ancient idea of an infinite, stationary universe has recently been the focus of renewed scientific inquiry. One property of such a universe is that the matter and energy within it must be continuously recycled through stars and the interstellar medium in a cosmological cycle. Here we give evidence of a cosmic cycle with period on the order of the inverse Hubble constant, H (~1.3 × 10 yrs). The existence of this cycle successfully explains the observed rates of star formation and star death in spiral galaxies of about 4-8 solar masses per year. The lower and higher rates observed in elliptical and disturbed galaxies respectively are explained according to the theory that ellipticals arise from mergers of spiral galaxies.


The National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS) was presented in the Indian Parliament by the Finance Minister Mr Arun Jaitley on 1st February 2018, and has been admirably discussed by Chatterjee in the Lancet World Report1. It was launched on 23rd September, 2018 and was renamed as Prime Minister Jan Arogya Yojana. It offers an insurance cover of Rs5 lakh ($7140, approximately) per family per year to the economically vulnerable under specific categories of rural and urban areas. There is no doubt the NHPS is making healthcare more amenable to the economically weaker people. Most of the less affluent people avail the public sector dispensaries/ hospitals/ medical institutes, present throughout the country. The trust of the people in government healthcare facilities can be judged from the long queues, overcrowding, and long waits for surgeries encountered in these establishments. The physicians and staff in these establishments are overworked but discharge their duties with diligence and sincerity.The Indian healthcare sector, currently worth almost US$ 100 billion, is expected to increase to US$ 280 billion by 2022, showing a growth rate of 23% 2, 3. The increase in the number of physicians in the country has been followed by an even greater increase in population, however , the doctor: population ratio has improved to 1:1700, from 1:6300 in 19504.The efficiency of the present healthcare resources of the public sector can be improved if the basic problems can be rooted out of the system.


on its meaning, and suggest future areas of research. The nose is the preferred primary route of breathing in the infant because of its ability to humidify, warm, decontaminate, and regulate the air coming into the lungs. The upturned nose, so characteristic of the newborn, and the relatively large tongue allow the child to breathe and suck simultaneously while breastfeeding. Nasal breathing during feeding ensures swallowing without aspiration. The posterior portion of the tongue presses upward on the soft palate, forming a seal that intermittently blocks the oral airway. This dynamic structure has been referred to as the "veloglossal sphincter."5 It contributes to making mouth breathing more cumbersome than nasal breathing for the newborn. This mechanism becomes less important as the child grows older and mouth breathing be-


Four models of aspirated psychrometers were constructed and tested for accuracy, reliability and maintenance requirements over a 13-week period in a swine barn and over a 26-week period in a poultry barn. Model WF was a conventional aspirated psychrometer in which a wick was used to transfer water from a water reservoir to the wet-bulb temperature sensor. Model NF was identical except that the air filter on the psychrometer was removed. In model SP, water was sprayed onto the wet-bulb sensor. In model MO, the wet-bulb covering was mechanically dipped into a water reservoir. A commercial non-aspirated psychrometer also was tested. Models SP and MO required less maintenance than models WF and NF and gave consistently accurate relative humidity data. Model WF performed better than model NF in the swine barn, but the opposite was true in the poultry barn. The maintenance requirements for models WF and NF were less, and the accuracy was better, when the psychrometer fans were operated only intermittently. The commercial non-aspirated psychrometer consistently gave relative humidity measurements 10% higher than a reference psychrometer.


"The Conflict"; "The Battle"; and "The Cover-Up." The first part contains three chapters that discuss "The Ultimatum" given to the Zulus by Sir Bartle Frere, the British commander-in-chief in South Africa; the opposing armies; and the penetration of Zululand by British army columns. The authors make extensive use of personal accounts, contemporary interviews, and letters of survivors in Part Two, "The Battle," which contains two chapters that cover the movements of Lord Chelmsford, the commander of the invading army, and the Zulu attack on Isandlwana, where the units of the British force directly under Chelmsford's command had encamped, on 22 January 1879. Chelmsford was absent from the camp at the time of the attack. Finally, Part Three, "The Cover-Up," devotes two chapters to the deception and cover-up carried out by Chelmsford's staff, particularly Colonel John North Crealock, in order to deflect charges that their commander's negligence had led to the Isandlwana massacre. A court of inquiry was later held by the Horse Guards, the headquarters of the British Army in London. The inquiry found numerous reasons for the disaster, including over-confidence in the ability of British troops armed with the Martini Henry rifle to withstand massed assault; a lack of knowledge of Zulu warfare; disregard by Lord Chelmsford of his own orders in defending the camp at Isandlwana and, later, at Rorke's Drift; lack of proper reconnoitering; and disregard of nonBritish reports that the camp was threatened with attack. I would hope that the discussion of the Horse Guards inquiry, as well as the coverage given to the Ammunition Controversy in Appendix C, will finally put some of the controversy over Isandlwana to rest and demonstrate that there were a multiplicity of reasons for the British defeat. I have only one objection, which concerns the failure to document quotes. The authors have tried to excuse this by saying that they did not want to disrupt the flow of the text by introducing notes. In any case, the text is a model of clear writing and is definitely a good read. The authors' first-hand knowledge of the terrain surrounding Isandlwana is of immense help in following Imperial (British), Colonial, and Zulu movements and the battle which resulted.


Abstract The results of a study of semen donors in an Australian donor insemination programme are reported. Altruism - a desire to help infertile couples - was the major motivation for becoming a semen donor, although a desire to evaluate fertility, and financial considerations were also cited. The desire to evaluate fertility, along with the biographical characteristics - median age of 34.5, mainly professional and technical occupations, over half single and with no children of their own - contributes to donors' attitudes towards the offspring created as a result of their donation. Almost all donors were interested in knowing the outcome of their donation and almost all said that they thought about their offspring. Donors were happy to provide non-identifying information and 86 per cent were happy to provide identifying information. Almost half of this group, however, wished to add caveats. Seventy-three per cent of the donors said they would still be prepared to donate should it be possible for the chil...


Walker Books was founded in 1978 as the first publishing house specifically dedicated to children's books. The company's founder Sebastian Walker was intent on promoting picture books and, in doing so, ensuring their artistic quality. The staunchly independent company's distinct values cultivated in a bohemian focus on both the artistry of the book and its employees' well-being, encouraging a family style environment and prioritizing the pre-school market in order to benefit children's literacy skills; in return, Walker demanded loyalty from the authors and illustrators who worked for him. However, it has been thirty years since Walker Books was established and many changes in personnel, society, and economic climate have shaped the evolution of the company. Thus, it is important to evaluate how the company fares in the contemporary market and to ask how far Walker's legacy has been retained and whether there is now a tension between quality and commercialism.


The article deals with the issues of designing changes in DublGIS-Blagoveshchensk LLC using the draft-model. The methodology of designing changes in accordance with this model is closest to the modern project management methodology and the theory of strategic management.


The Mango residues, the result of fruit processing processes, are normally not processed because they have no industrial value for the production of juices, jams, among other derivatives; contributing to environmental problems when they are not adequately disposed of. For this reason, this research was raised; the objective of which was to take advantage of the seeds residues of the Tommy Atkins variety mango (Mangífera indica L.), for the production of useful oils in the production of pastry products. To carry out the oil extraction, a Soxhlet extractor with hexane of 99 % purity at a boiling point between 68-75 ° C was used. Among the results obtained, it was found that the oil has stearic fatty acid (40.4 ± 0.01 g.100 g-1) in a higher proportion, followed by oleic (33.6 ± 0.02 g.100 g-1), palmitic (12,0 ± 0.01 g.100 g-1), linoleic (8.1 ± 0.2 g.100 g-1), linolenic (1.6 ± 0.02 g.100 g-1) and finally arachidic acid (3.0 ± 0.04 g.100 g-1). From the oil obtained, traditional formulations for pastry products such as chocolate truffles, Genovese, ganache and quick chocolate biscuit were made, replacing 100 % of commercial sunflower oil. Subsequently, the acceptance of the products was tested, through a sensory evaluation, applied to 50 untrained panelists, who compared the products made with commercial oil versus those made with mango almond oil; the most widely accepted being the use of the latter in ganache (60 %) and chocolate truffles (64 %).


This chapter examines education for sustainable development (ESD) through the grassroots work of the Regional Center Expertise (RCE) program. RCE operates on a network of regional centers that are designed for educational campaigns to promote and cultivate equitable lifestyles, sustainable environment, and livable communities. Using the Chubu region of Japan as the setting, we will trace how ESD has been developed through the heuristic path at the local level to cope with the problems of unsustainability. The chapter is structured in three parts. In the first part, we will review ESD via the RCE approach and look at recent development in Japan such as progress made since after the 2010 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with its 10th Conference of Parties (COP10) held in Nagoya. We will discuss about the major sustainable problems as they are attributed to the unbalanced development in the eco-region, especially to the unbalanced ecological–economic–social structure at the local level that leads to the dis-embedding of local traditions in modern life. In the second part, RCE approach to bring back the traditional practices to sustainable biodiversity is discussed and appreciated, and we particularly evaluate RCE approach in the Chubu region after the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe in terms of its revision in objectives for sustainable biodiversity development. In the third part, we discuss and assess


This case study provides guidance on how to engage with film as a historical source. Using the documentary Life is Not Black and White (1977) as an example demonstrates how to deconstruct a film and critically evaluate it as a primary source while being mindful of its potential uses as a secondary source. Different types of films may call for different approaches


Formulation processing of organic crystalline compounds can have a significant effect on drug properties, such as dissolution rate or tablet strength/hardness. Transmission electron microscopy has the potential to resolve the atomic lattice of these crystalline compounds and, for example, identify the defect density on a particular crystal face, provided the sensitivity of these crystals to irradiation by high energy electrons can be overcome. Here, we acquire high-resolution (HR) lattice images of the compound furosemide using two different methods: low-dose HRTEM and bright-field (BF) STEM scanning moiré fringes (SMFs). Before acquiring HRTEM images of furosemide, a model system of crocidolite (asbestos) was used to determine the electron flux/fluence limits of low-dose HR imaging for our scintillator based, CMOS electron camera by testing a variety of electron flux and total electron fluence regimes. An electron flux of 10 e- /(Å2 s) and total fluence of 10 e- /Å2 was shown to provide sufficient contrast and SNR to resolve 0.30 nm lattice spacings in crocidolite at 300 kV. These parameters were then used to image furosemide which has a critical electron fluence for damage of ≥ 10 e- /Å2 at 300 kV. The resulting HRTEM image of a furosemide crystal shows only a small portion of the total crystal exhibiting lattice fringes, likely due to irradiation damage during acquisition close to the compound's critical fluence. BF-STEM SMF images of furosemide were acquired at a lower electron fluence (1.8 e- /Å2 ), while still indirectly resolving high resolution details of the (001) lattice. Several different SMFs were observed with minor variations in the size and angle, suggesting strain due to defects within the crystal. Overall BF-STEM SMFs appear to be more useful than BF-STEM or HRTEM (with a CMOS camera) for imaging the crystal lattice of very beam sensitive materials since a lower electron fluence is required to reveal the lattice. BF-STEM SMFs may thus prove useful in improving the understanding of crystallization pathways in organic compounds, degradation in pharmaceutical formulations and the effect of defects on the dissolution rate of different crystal faces. Further work is however required to quantitatively determine properties such as the defect density or the amount of relative strain from a BF-STEM SMF image. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Dynamic stress concentration and pore pressure concentration around an infinitely long cylindrical cavity of circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane dilatational waves in fluid-saturated porous elastic half-space were obtained by a complex function method based on potential function and multi-polar coordinate. The steady state Biot's dynamic field equations of porous elastic solid with a viscous liquid were uncoupled into Helmholtz equations via given potential functions. A circular cavity with large radius is used to replace the straight boundary of the saturated porous elastic half-space. The stresses and pore pressures were obtained by using complex functions in multi-polar coordinates with certain boundary conditions of the solid matrix and the fluid matrix. The approximate solutions were compared to existing numerical solutions. Then the variations of the coefficients of dynamic stress concentration and the pore pressures concentration on boundaries of the cavity were discussed with different parameter conditions. The results of the given numerical example indicate that the method used is useful and efficient to the scattering and dynamic stress concentration of plane dilatational waves in saturated porous elastic half-space.


This study aims to evaluate the viability differences on oocyte vitrification surrounded by cumulus cells and oocyte vitrification not surrounded by cumulus cells after in vitro maturation. The oocyte collection was through the aspiration technique of puncturing the 10 cc disposable syringe with 18 G needle filled with oocyte medium on follicle 2-6mm. Oocytes with intact cytoplasm were chosen and divided into two treatment groups; oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells and not surrounded by cumulus cells. The oocyte vitrification used hemi-straw into liquid nitrogen for ten days and continued with warming. In vitro maturation, each was with 50 μl drop for 5-10 oocytes covered with mineral oil in incubator for 22 hours under environmental condition of 5% CO2 , temperature of 38 °C, and humidity of 95-99%. This study resulted in the morphological proportion of normal oocytes was 83.3% in the oocyte group surrounded by cumulus cells and 70% in the oocyte group not surrounded by cumulus cells. The oocyte viability on groups of oocyte surrounded by cumulus cells was insignificantly higher compared to the groups of oocyte not surrounded by cumulus cells after the vitrification and warming followed by in vitro maturation.


A Li( O, Ne ) H multi-nucleon transfer-reaction experiment was performed to populate the highly excited states in Ne. The subsequent decay particles, He or protons from the Ne resonant states, were detected in coincidence with the recoil H. The excitation-energy spectra of Ne were reconstructed using the detected proton or He and the deduced F or O data, respectively. A broad resonance at about 7.85 MeV (1/2 ) was observed, with partial decay widths different from the previously reported values, which may have a significant impact on the destruction of F in astrophysical processes. Several resonances up to very high excitation energies have been identified with a large α-clustering strength, which confirm the formation of the cluster structure with a one-hole configuration in light nuclei and encourage further systematic studies of the cluster structure in Ne.


This paper discusses some practical issues related to measuring superdirective Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs). To facilitate the measuring process the array is mounted on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Later, different configurations for connecting the coaxial cable to the array are investigated in terms of the cable effect on the antenna parameters. Simulation results show that by using an appropriate configuration, the cable effect can be mitigated and the array can be measured. Measurement results are in a good agreement with the simulated ones.


The aims of this study were to investigate the synergistic anticancer effects of resveratrol with doxorubicin against human breast cancer cell lines. In this study, the doxorubicin‐resistance MCF‐7 (MCF‐7/ADR) and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were treated with resveratrol and doxorubicin, alone or in combination, and we examined cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Treatment with doxorubicin 1 μM for 24 hr had no effect on the cell viability of MCF‐7/ADR and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. However, combination of doxorubicin and resveratrol significantly reduced viability of MCF‐7/ADR and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, respectively. Although MCF‐7/ADR and MDA‐MB‐231 cells are relatively resistant to the doxorubicin, resveratrol improved the doxorubicin‐induced cytotoxicity in both cell lines. Taken together, combination treatment with resveratrol and doxorubicin decreased MCF‐7/ADR and MDA‐MB‐231 cells migration up to 60% and 80%, respectively, as compared to doxorubicin treatment alone. Similar to migration assay, there was significant reduced the number of invaded cells in assay using Matrigel‐coated chambers. To determine the pathway of anti‐invasive effects, the expression levels of genes involved in migration and invasion were examined in both cell lines. The MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and plasminogen activator (u‐PA) expression levels were significantly decreased following combination treatment. In addition, the expression levels of TIMPs and RECK were markedly increased in case of combination treatment in both cell lines. In conclusion, these findings suggest that resveratrol might be used as a synergistic agent in the treatment of doxorubicin‐resistance breast cancer.


Nanocrystalline LiFe 5 O 8 particles embedded in an amorphous matrix were obtained by heat treatments of the non-magnetic oxide glass 32Li 2 O-8FeO 3 -60B 2 O 3 , between 200 and 770°C. The X-ray spectra reveal the formation of the spinel phase of Li-ferrite in the initially amorphous materials only for annealing temperatures higher than 440°C and the hybrid structure becomes more evident with the increase of temperature. The occurrence of the magnetic spinel phase (LiFe 5 O 8 ) was proved by magnetization and Curie temperature measurements too. The evolution of the magnetic properties of these glass-ceramic compounds in terms of annealing temperature was investigated. The magnetic properties (σ s, H c ) are correlated with the average size of the LiFe 5 O 8 nanoparticles dispersed in the glass matrix. The X-ray diffraction data indicated an evident increase in the average crystal block size from 3.5 to 50 nm with the increase of annealing temperature from 440° to 770°C.


The sine bar is the indirect measuring method used in gauging;it is on the basis of the right angled triangle sine and the sine principle on the taper of indirect measurement of a precision measuring tool.By combining the gauge blocks and dial gauge,it can be used on the cone taper tolerance of precision measurement.The article mainly introduces the structure of the sine ruler,describes the measurement principle,and introduces the steps of measuring,to determine whether the measurement is qualified or not.


The first part of this thesis focusses on the numerical approximation of the first two moments of solutions to parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with additive or multiplicative noise. More precisely, in Paper I an earlier result (A. Lang, S. Larsson, and Ch. Schwab, Covariance structure of parabolic stochastic partial differential equations, Stoch. PDE: Anal. Comp., 1(2013), pp. 351–364), which shows that the second moment of the solution to a parabolic SPDE driven by additive Wiener noise solves a well-posed deterministic space-time variational problem, is extended to the class of SPDEs with multiplicative Levy noise. In contrast to the additive case, this variational formulation is not posed on Hilbert tensor product spaces as trial–test spaces, but on projective–injective tensor product spaces, i.e., on non-reflexive Banach spaces. Well-posedness of this variational problem is derived for the case when the multiplicative noise term is sufficiently small. This result is improved in Paper II by disposing of the smallness assumption. Furthermore, the deterministic equations in variational form are used to derive numerical methods for approximating the first and the second moment of solutions to stochastic ordinary and partial differential equations without Monte Carlo sampling. Petrov–Galerkin discretizations are proposed and their stability and convergence are analyzed. In the second part the numerical solution of fractional order elliptic SPDEs with spatial white noise is considered. Such equations are particularly interesting for applications in statistics, as they can be used to approximate Gaussian Matern fields. Specifically, in Paper III a numerical scheme is proposed, which is based on a finite element discretization in space and a quadrature for an integral representation of the fractional inverse involving only non-fractional inverses. For the resulting approximation, an explicit rate of convergence to the true solution in the strong mean-square sense is derived. Subsequently, in Paper IV weak convergence of this approximation is established. Finally, in Paper V a similar method, which exploits a rational approximation of the fractional power operator instead of the quadrature, is introduced and its performance with respect to accuracy and computing time is compared to the quadrature approach from Paper III and to existing methods for inference in spatial statistics.


Methaemoglobinemia is a condition that occurs when red blood cell contains higher than 1% methaemoglobin (MHb). It can be congenital or acquired. The condition is generally asymptomatic until the serum MHb level reaches as high as 40%. Dyspnea, acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, seizures, and coma may occur at levels exceeding 45%, and a high mortality rate is seen with levels above 70%. We report a rare association of a case of rheumatic heart disease with severe mitral stenosis with congenital methemoglobinemia diagnosed incidentally during mitral valve replacement procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass.


The object of the research in this article is a mystical phenomenon. The interest in the mystical phenomenon has been increasing in the conditions of the modern spiritual crisis in the face of national, religious, political, and other confl icts. One of the universal features of the mystical experience is a qualitative transformation of the mental life of a man. There are two direction vectors of mystical experience psychological (introvertive) and social (extravertive). At the heart of the mystical experience is a gradual transition from egocentric consciousness to enlightening, which contributes to the transformation of the human person. Mystical practice can be considered as "transegocentric" ("the one who overcomes the Ego"). The consequence is to educate a mental sane self-actualized person. Mystical traditions offer four basic methods of mystical psychopractice of overcoming egocentric consciousness: disciplinary asceticism, psychosomatic exercises, meditative contemplation and love-trust to the Absolute. Egocentric consciousness acquires several massive social forms: national, racial, religious, social, and others. Mystical experience presupposes tolerant relation to the representatives of another culture, religious confession and nationality. It sets the limits of tolerance, which is caused by the need to limit the egocentric consciousness.


In the recent years, the demand for higher data rates has been continuously growing to satisfy consumers' desire for a faster, safer, and smarter wireless network. Since current wireless systems are facing a bottleneck in spectrum resources which make it difficult to enhance performance in the limited available bandwidth. To overcome this problem new Generation of mobile communication known as fifth generation (5G) comes into the picture. The goals of 5G network design are to achieve not only large network capacity, but also ultra-low latency and heterogeneous device support. 5G adopt multi-tier architecture where several low-power Base Stations (BSs) inside small cell are deployed within the coverage area of the macrocell. However, interference by the simultaneous usage of the same spectrum in these cells creates severe problems which reduce system throughput and network capacity. Hence, the resource management is an integral part of 5G HetNets so that interference between different devices can be minimized. The main aim of this work is comprehensive study about the different Interference mitigation approaches in 5G network. Keywords— 5G cellular wireless, Interference management, HetNets, multi-tier networks, Heterogeneous Networks, co-tier interference, crosstier interference


The 1H, 31P and 13C NMR spectra of tetramethyldiphosphane (1), tetraethyldiphosphane (2) and tetraisopropyldiphosphane (3) have been studied in the temperature range 30 to −150°C and at magnetic induction up to 5.87 T. In the range −100 to −135 °C, the 1H and 13C spectra of 3 show important changes which can be attributed to freezing the interconversion between two equivalent non-trans conformations. The line shape analysis of the 13C signals leads to ΔG≠ = 29.4 kJ mol−1 at −113 °C for the dynamic process involved. The spin coupling parameters 1J(PP) and N(PC) = 1J(PC) + 2J(PC) observed for 1 in the temperature range 30 to −120 °C show variations which could be due to a preference for the trans conformation in this diphosphane.


This research traces the development of nitrogen dioxide (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution control devices for coal-fired power plants in the United States, Japan, and Germany. This is of particular interest because of the timing of regulation in each country. While the US was an early adopter of SO2 regulations, it did not adopt stringent NOX regulations until the 1990s. Both Japan and Germany adopted stringent NOX regulations earlier. As such, advanced control techniques such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) were first developed in Japan and Germany. In contrast, US firms were more active in the development of SO2 control devices. This study uses patent data from the three countries, as well as adoption data for individual plants, to trace the development of these technologies. Of particular interest is the role of technology transfer. While we know from previous research that firms respond to new regulations in their own country with new innovations, we do no t know the extent to which firms respond to regulations in foreign countries. Moreover, we know little about how innovations developed abroad enter the domestic knowledge base. For example, do firms make direct use of knowledge developed in foreign countries, or is domesticmore » R&D necessary to adapt these innovations to local conditions. Understanding such trends is important, as it affects both the speed at which technology will diffuse, and the cost of technology transfer. To address these issues, this research compares the role that domestic and foreign knowledge play in the decisions of firms to adopt new environmental technologies. I begin by using patent and regulatory data from the U.S., Japan, and Germany to study the links between both domestic and foreign environmental policy and innovation. I show that innovative activity responds to domestic environmental policy pressures, but not to foreign pressures. Moreover, even countries that adopt regulations late, such as th e U.S. in the case of NOX, increase innovative activity in response to new domestic regulations. Thus, firms do not simply take advantage of technologies developed abroad. Next, I use these patent data to study the links between available technology and adoption of NOX pollution control technologies at U.S. coal-fired power plants. By far the most important factor influencing adoption is regulatory pressure. Simply having a new technology available is not enough to encourage adoption. Moreover, technological progress only increases adoption rates for the most advanced technologies. Since regulations are still the primary force driving adoption, more readily available techniques are chosen unless newer ones are sufficiently advanced to justify the extra cost. Moreover, as many of these techniques were first developed abroad, adaptive R&D occurs in the US before adoption. Such R&D can be expected to slow the pace of international technology transfer of new environmental technologies.« less


![Figure][1]

Mitochondrial activation occurs at the cell front but not the cell rear in neutrophils polarized toward a chemotactic signal.

[Bao et al.][2] reveal how mitochondria act as sensory organelles to direct and coordinate neutrophil chemotaxis.

Neutrophils and other immune cells


Pt-WO3/C catalysts were prepared by EG method using N5H37W6O24•H2O and H2PtCl6•6H2O as the tungsten and platinum precursors, respectively. The catalyst was characterized by XPS and ISV, separately. The results indicate that the content of tungsten is far less than the addition of tungsten precursor. The amount of tungsten precursor displays important effect on the electrocatalytic activities. The Pt-WO3/C catalyst presents the best activity 1.6 times higher than Pt/C catalyst, when the atomic ratio of N5H37W6O24•H2O/H2PtCl6•6H2O is 3/8.


Abstract The degree to which HAF black restricts the swelling of natural rubber vulcanizates in n-decane has been determined using a vulcanizing system in which the stoichiometry of crosslinking is unaffected by the carbon black. The dependence of the degree of restriction, as measured by the ratio of the volume fractions of rubber in the filled and unfilled vulcanizates swollen to equilibrium, on the concentration of carbon black follows an exponential relationship previously proposed by Lorenz and Parks. This is found to be equivalent to a simple linear relationship between the apparent and actual crosslink concentrations: napparent/nactual=1+Kϕ, where K is a constant characteristic of the filler and φ is its volume fraction in the vulcanizate. The relation has been used to determine actual crosslink concentrations in filled natural rubber vulcanizates. HAF black is found to cause increases of up to 25 per cent in the yield of polymer to polymer crosslinks in conventional sulfur vulcanizing systems, acc...


Colon carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumours and the second cause of cancer deaths in developed countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of HER2 in colorectal cancer and compare the expression levels of HER2 with the macroscopic appearance and manner of growth of the tumours, followed by detection and identification of the expression levels of proto-oncogene HER2 as an important prognostic factor of the further course, outcome and the data for the selection of appropriate therapy. This was a prospective, clinical and experimental study. Postoperative material obtained by resection of colorectal cancer from 63 patients of both sexes was used in the study. HER2 status was positive in 9.5% of the tumours. The results showed that the majority of tumours 36/63, i.e. 57.1% were manifested as infiltrative forms, 9/63, i.e. 14.3% as ulcerating form, and 18/63, i.e. 28.6% of tumours had a polypoid – exophytic form. The results show that 31 tumours of infiltrative forms were HER2 negative and 5 of them were HER2 positive. In tumours with ulcerating form 9 were HER2 negative, and there were no HER2 positive tumours. In vegetative tumour forms 17 were HER2 negative, and only 1 was HER2 positive. HER2 expression was absent in 90.5% of the tumours and does not correlate with the macroscopic appearance and manner of tumour growth. Expression level of HER2 does not have a diagnostic, predictive and prognostic potential, while its importance is undeniable in the understanding of oncogenesis. Acta Medica Medianae 2011; 50(4):5-10.


The functional organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings were prepared on PMMA substrate by spinning organic-inorganic nanocomposite sols. The sols were prepared by introducing AlOOH colloid into hybrid matrices, which were the hydrolyzing/condensation products of TEOS and GLYMO. AlOOH colloid with different morphology was prepared using aluminum triisopropoxide as raw material. It was found that the nano AlOOH particles were dispersed homogeneously in the coatings and reinforced the scratch-resistant performance and the abrasion-resistant performance of the coatings.


Feature extraction for pattern recognition is a very common task in image analysis and computer vision. Most of the work has been reported for images / image sequences acquired by perspective cameras. This paper discusses the algorithms for feature extraction and pattern recognition in images acquired by omnidirectional (fisheye) cameras. Work has been reported using operators in the frequency domain, which in the case of fisheye/omnidirectional images involves spherical harmonics. In this paper we review the recent literature, including relevant results from our team and state the position that features can be extracted from spherical images, by modifying the existing operators in the spatial domain, without the need to correct the image for distortions.


The mechanisms of antigen-uptake at the host mucosal barrier during infection with lumen-dwelling intestinal parasites have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated immunolocalization of parasite excretory/secretory (ES) products in the small intestinal epithelium of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunoelectronmicroscopy revealed intense ES immunoreactivity in the absorptive cell cytoplasm in association with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP-1), and in the paracellular spaces. These results indicated that nematode antigen could be absorbed by two pathways : absorption by endocytosis and transport to lysosomes, and absorption through the paracellular pathway, suggesting altered mucosal barrier function.


We consider the problem of estimating Weibull parameters for grouped data when competing risks are present. We propose two simple methods of estimation and derive their asymptotic properties. A Monte Carlo study was carried out to evaluate the performance of these two methods.


A current derivative feedback control system has been established and used in pure lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments on the HT-6B tokamak. By real-time regulating the injected microwave power, the derivative of plasma current driven and sustained by the microwave was controlled successfully. As a result, a flat-top of 20hA for 20ms was obtained in spile of variations of plasma density, toroidal field and horizontal displacement. A controlled ramp-down process with fixed derivatives has also been realized.


There is certain bootable function on our scientific research to clarify the basic tendencies of scientific research on adult education at present in China.The basic tendencies include: from scientific edge to scientific center on research status;from paying attention on stonger social colony to paying attention on stronger social colony on research question;from unrealism to realism on research tool;from imitation to creation on research means;from weakness to perfectness on research personnel;from babyhood to maturity on subject construction.