The impedance transformation of a multi-element folded dipole depends on the ratios of the diameters and spacing of the elements constituting the folded dipole proper. Formulae for the impedance transformation of two-element folded dipoles, of symmetrical three- and four-element dipoles and of general three-element dipoles are given. Based on these equations, nomograms are presented to facilitate the design of two- and three-element folded dipoles.


INTRODUCTION A crucial step in stapes surgery is the attachment of the prosthesis to the long process of the incus, as extreme precision in determining the forces necessary for correct crimping is required. During these maneuvers, subluxation of the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ), especially when performed by inexperienced hands, may occur. As this may be intraoperatively overlooked, it may determine later prosthesis displacement and thus stapedotomy failure. Herein a new technique to treat incudo-malleolar subluxation during an endoscopic revision stapedoplasty procedure is described. The endoscopic intraoperative examination of the present case showed dislocation of the prosthesis and ossicular chain hypermobility due to incudo-malleolar subluxation. Rehousing of the stapedial prosthesis and creation of an incudo-malleolar arthrodesis through interposition of bony fragments harvested from the external auditory canal bone, were performed.


DESCRIPTION ZemplarTM (paricalcitol injection) is a synthetically manufactured vitamin D analog. It is available as a sterile, clear, colorless, aqueous solution for intravenous injection. Each mL contains paricalcitol, 5 mcg; propylene glycol, 30% (v/v); and alcohol, 20% (v/v). Paricalcitol is a white powder chemically designated as 19-nor-1? ,3ß,25-trihydroxy-9,10secoergosta-5(Z),7(E),22(E)-triene and has the following structural formula:


The problem of this study was to describe, analyze, and compare the effects of learning centers and curricular themes upon the writing production of four children within a kindergarten classroom which followed the whole language approach. This study was conducted in a public school. Four subjects were identified from the administration of the Book Handling Knowledge Task. Using the qualitative research method of case studies, the teacher-researcher kept observational notes concerning the writing behavior of the subjects. The written compositions of the subjects were collected daily throughout the school year and were assigned a context, learning center and curricular theme. The compositions were then coded as to writing frequency, function, and form. The following findings resulted from the study: writing occurred most frequently in the art center followed by dramatic play, language, sand, science, social studies, "other," eyes and hands, mathematics, and library-listening; writing occurred most frequently during the curricular theme of Christmas followed by self-concept, shapes and colors, farm animals, Thanksgiving, Winter, transportation, nursery rhymes, patriotic, Valentine, food and nutrition, Halloween, Spring, wild animals, community helpers, gingerbread man, Summer, Easter, and pets; all five functions of language were used in the art center, four in the language, dramatic play, social studies, and "other" centers, and three in all other centers; all five functions were used during the Valentine curricular theme, four during self-concept, transportation, Spring, and farm animals, three during food and nutrition, and nursery rhymes, two during eleven other curricular themes, and only one during Easter and pets; and gains were made in form by the end of the study. Writing was often in the last stage of spelling development and more print concepts were in evidence. The conclusions made were that some learning centers and curricular themes prompt more frequent writing and the use of more language functions.


This paper describes two new species of plume moths from the group of the so-called "giant" Platyptilia Hubner, 1825: Platyptilia fletcheri Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. and P. stanleyi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. Both species were collected in the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda and Rwanda, respectively. Platyptilia stanleyi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. exceeds all the known African species of Pterophoridae in its wingspan of 49 mm.


The singular functions for the problem of recovering a time limited function from its Fourier transform in a certain band of frequencies are given, in the simplest case, by the prolate spheroidal wave functions. We explore a number of issues related to this problem including the effective computation of the corresponding Slepian functions for a polar cap on the surface of the Earth. The same method would work for a region on the sphere bounded by two parallels.


Studies performed on a group of 27 patients with endogenous depression demonstrated that changes of cognitive functions following sleep deprivation may reveal a prognostic potential for results of pharmacological treatment of depression. Worsening of memory following sleep deprivation was more frequently observed in a subgroup of nonresponders. Greater improvement of concentration and increased task mobilization were noticed in a subgroup which positively responded to the antidepressant treatment. Patient's age, sex, self-rating of depression intensity or baseline level of ability to memorize, to concentrate attention, to perform tasks did not exhibit any predictive value.


It is well known that hyperuricemia and gout play an important role in the adverse cardiovascular and renal events both in patients with and without renal disease. However, the effect of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on renal outcomes of CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains controversial. Therefore, our study summarized reliable results draw from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of ULT on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

 Pubmed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically for trials up to October 2021. RCTs assessing the effects of uric acid-lowering agents on renal and/or cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients complicated with asymptomatic hyperuricemia were included. Both the fixed-effect and the random-effect models were used.

 A total of 17 RCTs (one trial1 divided patients into two groups according to CKD stages). including CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo or no treatment group, ULT group showed a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 3.679 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI [1.592, 5.766] (p = 0.001) and a lower serum creatinine (Scr) with a WMD of -46.131umol/L, 95% CI [-65.643, -26.619] (p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant benefit from ULT in patients with CKD stage 1-3 (p = 0.035), from Asian countries (p = 0.005) and those younger than 60 years (p = 0.002). At the same time, ULT was associated with lower incidence of events of doubling of Scr without dialysis (relative risk (RR) 0.314[0.203, 0.485] (p< 0.0001)). However, no difference was found for all-cause mortality, incidence of AKI, progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and cardiovascular events. In addition, ULT with allopurinol was associated with lower cardiovascular events (RR 0.678[0.473, 0.971] (p = 0.034)).

 ULT could slow down the progression of renal impairment in CKD patients complicated with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, especially for patients under 60 years old, early CKD stage(1-3) and the Asian descent.


: The miniaturization of conventional near fi eld communication (NFC) antennas is required to improve the fl exibility of placement of the constituent electrical and electronic components. A small-sized magnetic material loaded solenoid has been proposed. However, the transmission e ffi ciency of this design decreases as the size of the antenna decreases. This study focuses on a linearly aligned, two-solenoid array and numerically investigates the dependency of the magnetic fi eld distribution radiated from the solenoid array in relation to the excitation direction. The in fl uences of the magnetic material loaded into the solenoids on the magnetic fi eld distribution are also analyzed. Based on the results, the out-of-phase excitation can yield larger magnetic fi eld strengths near the center of the solenoid array compared to the in-phase excitation because the total magnetic fi eld produced by the two solenoids in the former case is the summation of the magnetic fi elds of the constituent fi elds generated within the tested area. When the observation point is far from the solenoid, the in-phase excitation can generate a larger magnetic fi eld strength than the out-of-phase excitation because the magnetic fi eld parallel to the solenoid becomes dominant. In addition, it is found that the excitation of the linearly aligned, two-solenoid array suitable for NFC depends on the permeability of the magnetic material and the target distance between the solenoid array and the receiving antenna.


Real ontology holds in high esteem of logical thinking,while existential ontology has a close relation with intuition.We cannot uncover the perceptual life and aesthetical intuition of human,which are covered by the "computing thinking",until we take the perspective of existential ontology and skip over real ontology.The communication between mind and matter formed by aesthetical intuition could lead us to the perceptual existence and the deep of free consciousness of life.Aesthetics of Literature art are the pervasion and combination of the perceptual intuition and the rational intuition.Lcteraure art language is produced and activated by intuition


Using 1972 firm-year observations of Belgian subsidiaries, I examine whether the previously documented better performance of family firms can be attributed to the more efficient divestiture decision in these firms. Consistent with this hypothesis, the results reveal that families holding large blocks of shares engage in more restructuring activity. Also, when the founder is present in the family firm, when the chairman of the board belongs to the family or when the function of CEO and chairman is not occupied by the same person, the likelihood of a voluntary restructuring will be higher.


Author(s): Chai, Yang | Advisor(s): Hu, Shen | Abstract: Tumor cells can adopt alternative metabolic pathways during oncogenesis. This is an event characterized by an enhanced utilization of glucose for rapid synthesis of macromolecules such as nucleotides, lipids and proteins. This phenomenon was also known as the `Warburg effect', distinguished by a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to increased aerobic glycolysis in many types of cancer cells. Increased aerobic glycolysis was also indicated with enhanced lactate production and glutamine consumption, and has been suggested to confer growth advantage for proliferating cells during oncogenic transformation. Development of a tracer-based methodology to determine de novo protein synthesis by tracing metabolic pathways from nutrient utilization may certainly enhance current understanding of nutrient gene interaction in cancer cells. We hypothesized that the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells as characterized by nutrient utilization for protein synthesis is significantly altered during oncogenesis, and 13C stable isotope tracers may incorporate 13C into non-essential amino acids of protein peptides during de novo protein synthesis to reflect the underlying mechanisms in cancer cell metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are: 1) To examine the effects of using siRNA to knockdown metabolic enzymes, transketolase (TKT) and adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in oral cancer cells. 2) To develop a 13C stable isotope tracer-based approach for studying de novo protein synthesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. 3) To develop a 13C stable isotope tracer-based approach to investigate 13C labeled proteins in TKT siRNA and control scrambled siRNA transfected oral cancer cells. 4) To develop a 13C stable isotope tracer-based approach to determine differential 13C labeled proteins in normal human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cells and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells via in-vitro and in-vivo. METHODS: Knockdown of TKT or AK2 was achieved by transfecting oral cancer cells with small interfering RNA for TKT or AK2. 13C labeling of proteins was achieved by infusing cells in-vitro and in-vivo with [U -13C6]-glucose. Protein samples were analyzed using proteomic approach based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein identification was performed by MASCOT database search. Protein clustering and functional annotation was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. RESULTS: Knockdown of TKT or AK2 in oral cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and displayed enhanced glucose, glutamine consumption, and lactate production. Knockdown of TKT in oral cancer cells displayed a decrease in 13C labeled protein peptides for TKT compared to control. Overall, knockdown of TKT displayed lower frequency of 13C labeled protein peptides compared to control, but comparison of the same 13C labeled peptide displayed no significant difference in peptide mass isotopomer distribution. Enzymes involved in glycolysis including glyceraldehyde 3 phosphates, enolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase also displayed enhanced 13C labeling compared to control. 13C labeled proteins among HPDE cells, PDAC cells, and PDAC mouse tumor tissue displayed differential labeling frequency primarily in vimentin, β-tubulin and cytoskeletal keratin proteins. Peptide mass isotopomer distribution displayed mass shift in 13C labeled peptides compared to unlabeled (natural 12C) peptide mass isotopomer distribution. Overall, 13C enrichment of proteins achieved greater yield in cell lines compared to mouse tumor tissue. Structural proteins and metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways were predominately found labeled. CONCLUSION: This study, we have developed a novel methodology based on 13C labeling of de novo synthesized proteins to study cancer cell metabolism. 13C labeling of cancer cells with truncated PPP due to knock down of TKT suggested robust metabolic adaptation for glucose utilization. Differential expression of 13C labeled proteins between HPDE cells and PDAC cells, suggested alteration in nutrient gene interaction and metabolic pathways for de novo synthesis during oncogenesis. Our findings demonstrated that 13C stable isotope may serve as a valuable tracer-based tool for studying metabolic regulation of de novo protein synthesis in cancer cells.


To determine the prognostic significance of the methods used to determine the presence of metastasis in second‐tier lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer, the authors studied lymph nodes surgically removed from 100 patients with gastric cancer (55 with early cancer, 45 with progressive). The results of HE staining were compared with those of immunohistochemistry using the anticytokeratin (CK) antibody and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays. Lymph node 7 or 8a was obtained intraoperatively, then mRNA was extracted using an immunobeads method, and RT‐PCR with CK19 mRNA was performed. The P for Cox regression analysis for metastasis detected by HE staining, CK staining, and RT‐PCR of all 100 cases was 0.312, 0.426, and 0.021, respectively, while for second‐tier lymph nodes it was 0.154, 0.013, and 0.006, respectively. In conclusion, RT‐PCR and CK staining for detection of metastasis in second‐tier lymph nodes were more reliable prognostic indicators than conventional HE staining.


This paper presents a numerical approach for 3D simulation of welding processes. The main
objective of this simulation is the determination of temperatures and stresses during and after
the process. Temperature distribution define the heat affected zone where material properties
are affected. Stress calculation is necessary because high residual stresses may promote brittle
fractures, fatigue, or stress corrosion in regions near the weld. The finite element method has
been used to perform 1) a thermal analysis involving non-isothermal phase change and 2) a
mechanical elasto-plastic analysis. Comparisons between analytical and numerical results for
a non-isothermal solidification test case are presented.


On the base of analyzing the mechanisms of hill′s conserve-divert-lift irrigation system in the aspect of planning and operation, this paper selects an optimal means suitable for this system, constitutes a preferable math model. By this means, the optimal parameters such as capability of ponds′, and pump station, total power of per irrigation area can be appropriately acquired. The planning and design of hill′s irrigation system can be more reasonable and more scientific and it has gained preferable economy effect in practical application.


Combined with the actual situation of the the networkcourseconstruction, in network teaching reform issues,build a "network building technology" courses network teaching platform based on multimedia technology,to explore the application of multimedia network resources in teaching, and the problem of the networkteaching should be paid attention to,have a deeper level understanding of network teaching.


The present study,by adopting the notion of ' social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework,explores the impact of an alternative form of professional teacher development designed to impact both general and personal teacher efficacy beliefs toward the implementation of college English teaching reform.An in-service professional development study group(PDSG) was formed that consisted of a facilitator/participant and five college English teachers who were very interested in improving their college English instruction.The study results indicate that(a) general and personal teacher efficacy changed in a positive direction toward the implementation of college English teaching reform,(b) a small collaborative group of teachers with different teaching experiences may help solve teaching problems and effectively promote the development of teachers.These results suggest that the implementation of college English reform may be facilitated when teachers have the opportunity to engage in a PDSG specifically designed to attend to teacher efficacy beliefs and support positive changes in those beliefs.


Soil samples were collected from Northern part of River Katsina-Ala catchment's area used for fadama farming by random sampling using the soil map of Benue State as a guide. Surface sampling (0-20cm) and subsurface (21-200cm) sampling were taken for analysis. Nine profile pits were dug covering about 100ha. The soils were sandy loam to loamy sand on the surface to sandy clay in the sub-soil. The surface soil had granular structure, which changed to transited medium blocky and angular structure with depth while the horizons were generally massive. The CEC, organic carbon, Organic matter, total phosphorus (Bray I) and total nitrogen were generally low .Most of the nutrient elements decreased with increase in depth. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 17 2007: pp. 24-29


As a major power source, air compressors have found important use in glass fiber industry. In this paper, it is demonstrated through the analysis of the energy-saving function of variable frequency drive (VFD) system that the use of VFD technology in air compressors is of real significance for enterprises to effectively enhance productivity and reduce energy consumption so as to decrease production cost and keep product superiority.


The majority of substernal goiters can be retrieved through the neck. However, sternotomy is indicated in roughly 1% to 8% of cases. Herein, we report a case of huge anterior mediastinal goiter...


Lexical bundles is a combination of words which consists of three or even more words that frequently occur together in particular registers. It is seen as an important aspect that should be mastered in order to create a qualified text. This study aims at analyzing the lexical bundles used in findings and discussion sections of graduate students' thesis in terms of structures, functions, and the role of lexical bundles in forming coherence of the students' texts. This study employs qualitative approach. The data are taken from 10 Chapter IV, Findings and Discussion of graduate students' thesis. In the process of analysis, the researcher uses three instruments in the form of tables to collect and analyze the lexical bundles manually based on the structures of lexical bundles proposed by Biber, et. al. (1999), and the functions of lexical bundles proposed by Hyland (2008) framework. There are 74 lexical bundles found in the students' texts. The findings reveals that first, the lexical bundles found in the students' texts make use of all the twelve structural forms and the most dominantly used is structure type 4 other prepositional phrase (fragment); second, the lexical bundles found in the students' texts serve all of the three functional types and the most dominantly used is text-oriented function and third, the lexical bundles found in the students' texts have an important role in forming coherence of the texts. It indicates that the lexical bundles make use of two coherence items such as reference and transition signals.


The paper presents the philosophical project outlined by Marcuse in his work Contributions to a phenomenology of historical materialism (1928) from three different points of view. First, it sketches the discussion context in which this work is placed. then, it explains the critical way in which Marcuse appropriates some of the topics developed in Being and time. Lastly, it indicates the reception that Heidegger made of this original interpretation of his own work.


This article mainly attempts to disclose the evolution process of the adverb hui in Chinese and describe the influence of shi in its grammarticalization.One of the causes of its grammarticalization is its expansion of the form from the adverb of shi to the adverb of hui and the expansion of the verb hui itself.The second cause for its grammarticalization is the reanalysis resulting from the change in the form of subdivision of verbs.


Improvement in medical imaging technologies has made it possible for doctors to directly look into patients' bodies in ever finer details. However, since only the cross-sectional image can be directly seen, it is essential to segment the volume into organs so that their shape can be seen as 3D graphics of the organ boundary surfaces. Segmentation is also important for quantitative measurement for diagnosis. Here, we introduce a novel higher-precision method to segment multiple organs using graph cuts within medical images such as CT-scanned images. We utilize super voxels instead of voxels as the units of segmentation, i.e., the nodes in the graphical model, and design the energy function to minimize accordingly. We utilize SLIC super voxel algorithm and verify the performance of our segmentation algorithm by energy minimization comparing to the ground truth.


Scleral contact lenses are one of the fastest growing markets in the contact lens industry today and can be used to fit a wide range of ocular conditions.


By 1966 it was obvious, the Government having announced its intention for the country to go metric, that we had to think seriously of the metrication of Admiralty charts. With some 3500 navigational charts, many additional special charts, plotting sheets and other publications the task was unquestionably a formidable one, but it was decided that it could be done and a start should be made as early as possible. It could be tackled in two ways, either by a gradual process, whereby charts would be converted as they came up for correction or where it was necessary to produce a new chart; this would mean slow progress and result in a haphazard geographical distribution. Alternatively such resources as were available could be concentrated in one area at a time and blocks of charts produced in metric units. This would avoid, to some extent, the difficulty to the mariner of having to jump about from fathoms and feet to metres and back again as he changed charts, and we eventually decided on this method—but in true British fashion are doing a bit of both.


D. D., A BOY, aged 6. History.-May, 1925, at Queen Mary's Hospital, under care of Mr. Mortimer Woolf. Prolonged intermittent pyrexia, suggesting septicaemic condition. September, 1925.-Out-patient St. Mary's Hospital, Plaistow. Marked wasting of limbs; trunk and face muscles emaciated. Hip-, knee,wristand finger-joints affected. Knee-joints and proximal interphalangeal joints spindle-shaped. Screams on being moved. Lungs: Left base, localized area of increased vocal resonance and tactile fremitus. Heart: Muffling of cardiac sounds over fifth left space. X-Ray: Pericardial effusion. Halmoglobin 45 per cent.; red cells 4,815,000 per c.mm. Colour index 0 * 5. White blood cells 24,322 per c.mm. February, 1926.-At Hospital for Sick Children, under care of Dr. Still. Diagnosis of Still's disease. A few discrete glands palpable in axillae and groin.


Vegetation in rivers increases flow resistance and bank stability, reduces bed resistance and flow conveyance, improves water quality, promotes habitat diversity, and alters both mean and turbulent flow. By reducing bed resistance and altering turbulent characteristics, vegetation can change the distribution of deposition and erosion processes. To understand all above mentioned vegetation effects, more research is needed. The goal of this dissertation was to determine the impacts of vegetation on bed resistance and sediment transport and identify a best approach for quantifying vegetation induced friction resistance. To achieve this, both experimental study and numerical simulation were performed. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in an open channel flume to investigate the impacts of vegetation density on bed resistance and bed load transport for emergent vegetation condition. The bed resistance in a mobile bed channel is equal to the summation of grain and bed form resistances. An attempt has been made to make a separation between grain and bed form resistances, which is challenging and has never been reported in literature. An alternative approach is used to calculate the grain resistance. A new iterative method was derived to calculate the bed form resistance. Empirical relations were formulated to calculate the bed form resistance and bed load transport rate using a newly defined flow parameter that incorporates the vegetation concentration. The bed elevations and bed form height were measured by the Microsoft Kinect 3D Camera. It was found that the height of bed form depends on the vegetation concentration, which determines whether ripple/dune or scour holes are dominant on the bed surface. For sparsely vegetated flows, the bed form height and resistance are decrease rapidly as the


Background: High level child stunting, Height for age measurement less than negative two standard deviation is 38%. It has significant effect on schooling, productivity, physical fitness, human resources and Loss of National economy. Children ages 6-59month are the most affected groups due to child hood infections, maternal health condition, in adequate dietary intake and poor child caring practice. However, there is insufficient information on determinant factors contributing for stunting. Therefore, identifying determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 month would help to set priorities for action and to the design of stunting reduction plan at a grass roots level. Objectives: To identify determinants of stunting among Children aged 6-59 months in Siraro District. Methods: The unmatched Facility based case control study design was conducted in randomly selected 5 health facilities of Siraro District from August 01, 2019 to October 30, 2019. From 357 study subjects which 119 are cases and 238 controls were chosen by using anthropometric measurement based on the median of WHO 2006 reference population . Anthro-plus software was used to identify the anthropometric measurements of the child and a structured questionnaire which was primarily developed in English and translated to Afan Oromo was used for data collection. The collected data were entered using Epi-deta version3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. In bi-variable analysis co-variates with P-value of less than 0.25 was included in multivariable analysis. The final model was interpreted using AOR with 95%; CI at P-value of less than 0.05. Results: Age started supplementary feeding at 6 months with (AOR=2.54 95% CI ((1.01-6.42)), Childs mother has no Antenatal visit (AOR=2.39(95%; (1.15-4.97)), Children with poor Food Consumption Score were (AOR=3.48; 95 %;( 1.82-6.65)), Children's with poor protein rich food Frequency Score were 3.74 times (AOR=3.74; 95%; 2.10-6.75)) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion; Factors like Age started supplementary feeding at less than six month, mother has no antenatal visit, poor food consumption score, poor protein rich food frequency score could be used to set priorities for action and design of stunting reduction. Therefore, zonal health department and Siraro Woreda health office should promote the importance of supplementary feeding at age of 6 months. Strengthening antenatal care service at a grass root level and promote antenatal visit of mothers. Enhance an appropriate complementary feeding practice and providing sufficient energy and protein reach food is important. Keywords: Stunting; Malnutrion; Determinants; among under five children DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/74-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2020


Since about 1970, winter surface temperature data from stations on coastal eastern Canada and western Greenland have shown detectable decadal cooling. In this study, we attempt to understand some aspect of this surface cooling trend by relating it to the variability of the Canadian Polar Trough (CPT). In order to facilitate the relationship, we introduce a new 50 kPa index called the Baffin Island–West Atlantic (BWA) index which, although reflecting the variability of the western structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is found to explain temperature variability better in north-eastern North America than the structure characterized by the NAO index.

The decadal variability in the winter surface temperature is found to be associated with the BWA index at a statistically significant correlation of 0·85. Two distinctive winter climate regimes are found to exist in the climate record from 1947 to 1995, one before and one after about 1970. Although the magnitude of the variance does not change significantly from one regime to the next, the two regimes are characterized by statistically significantly different means and by two distinct spectral signatures. Variability before 1970 is dominated by interannual fluctuations, whereas afterwards much of the contribution to the variability comes from interdecadal fluctuations.

Subtraction of the 1947–1969 winter 50 kPa mean height field from the 1970–1995 mean field shows that the change in the height field over the Northern Hemisphere is reflected in the enhancement of the negative phase of the NAO mode (which corresponds to a strong jet stream over the western Atlantic and a strong Icelandic low) and of the positive phase of the Pacific/North America (PNA) mode. © 1997 The Royal Meteorological Society.


Despite the pervasive social scarcity of electricity in Zimbabwe, there is little understanding of this phenomenon, especially how it abrogates social justice. With a view to debunking the natural inevitability of electricity scarcity, the article argues that in an energy sector driven
 by neoliberal tendencies, capital accumulation is not challenged. Hence electricity scarcity is erroneously considered inevitable. Drawing on qualitative research, the fundamental argument advanced in this article is that structural factors such as the market trends produce and reproduce electricity
 social scarcity, which in turn perpetuates social injustice because electricity is a sine qua non of human development. Coincidentally, this work also reveals that neoliberalism is not only an ideological rhetoric embedded in political-economic reality, but rather its discourse produces prudent
 subjects who are loyal to it and prepared to endure the effects of energy poverty. Accordingly, the paper raises some critical challenges for policymakers as it has both political-economic and social justice implications, insisting that electricity availability does not mean access to all
 ‐ scarcity can be experienced even when the resource is in abundance.


The hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline (HXN) designed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation facility (SSRF) will be of capability to realize a focal spot size of 10 nm for hard X-rays to satisfy requirements in biology, environmental, material sciences and etc.. The beamline includes two modes of operation, high energy resolution mode and high flux mode respectively. High flux mode utilizes the multilayer KB system to obtain high-flux diffraction-limited focusing of ~10nm. An ultra-high-precision figure fabrication for diffraction-limited focusing is required to meet the Rayleigh Criterion. An idea to overcome this problem is to introduce a phase compensator upstream of the KB system to compensate the wavefront errors in the beamline. At wavelength speckle-based method will be used to measure the wavefront error in the beamline and feedback to the phase compensator. Vibration measurements have been carried out at the secondary source and endstation hutch. The flexure hinge mechanisms and high-precision actuators ensure the KB system and sample manipulator working with high stability. The building of HXN has been designed and is under construction at present.


The paper focuses on the wide range of genre textual identity in Monomakh`s «Testament», as well as on the outstanding literary and historical personality of the author. Special attention is paid to the scientific observations made by academician A. A. Gippius (2003), concerning the words «Rostov» and «Volga» in the «Testament» as the signs of northward determination in Monomakh's state activity. Vladimir Monomakh suffered a lot from the hostility and intrigues of Kievan and other rulers of South and South-West Rus. In his «Testament» he describes the evil actions of Oleg Svyatoslavich (prince of Chernigov) as a source of misfortunes for the whole Russian Land. Monomakh's «Testament», though autobiographical, sends the literary and political message to the future Rus', contains predictions on the dangerous misdealings of the southern princes, not only the lesson but a warning of the hostility and intrigues from the rulers of South Rus'.


This research proposes a low-cost solution for detecting road potholes image by using convolutional neural network (CNN). Our model is trained entirely on the image which collected from several different places and has variation such as in wet, dry and shady conditions. The experiment using the 500 testing images showed that our model can achieve (99.80 %) of Accuracy, Precision (100%), Recall (99.60%), and F-Measure (99.60%) simultaneously.


Visual search is a routine activity that people perform countless times each day. Search is also crucial for certain professions (e.g., airport security, radiology), and here we examine how the extensive practice gained through these careers alters search abilities. By comparing undergraduate participants from Duke University and Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officers at Raleigh-Durham Airport, we examine the effects of experience on visual search performance. In a laboratory we established at the airport, TSA officers completed search tasks and individual differences assessments during their normal work hours. Results from several search tasks demonstrated both similarities and differences in performance between the undergraduates and TSA officers; for example, the officers were more diligent searchers in a single-target search, but both populations showed performance decrements in multiple-target searches. By manipulating search parameters and experimental conditions (e.g., explicit instructions, time constraints), we reveal nuanced effects gained through visual search experience.


In one implementation of distributed peer to peer streaming service system reliable multicast approach, after the user clicks the program link, resource management server to the client recorded in the corresponding list of contents node resources, and build with that client to multicast retransmission of the multicast group; clients joining a multicast group, and and the group of other client after establishing a connection, the received data packet to cache: check packet number, if we find a missing packet, and wait for a certain time is still not received, then start the multicast retransmission mechanism, requests from other clients in a multicast group to retransmit the data packet; if it is not received, the request to the resource management server to establish a new group, to restart multicast retransmission until after which the packet buffer is complete, for playing. Play ended after the client leaves the multicast group, the resource management server to delete the client from the contents list node resource. The method uses a retransmission mechanism to ensure quality of service streaming media.


The opinion that I want to discuss in this essay is fairly commonly although not universally held among moralists. It is the opinion that there is never a moral duty to try to promote one's own pleasure for the sake of that pleasure although, contrariwise, there is often a moral duty to try to promote the pleasure of others for the sake of that pleasure. I cannot myself assent to the view, and I want to explain why I cannot; but I allow that the opposition I have to face is formidable. Indeed there are authors like Meinong who would make degree of self-sacrifice the standard of morality.


Abstract : The tasks performed at NRL in support of Research of Novel Chemical and Optical Diagnostic Techniques are reported in this volume. GEO-CENTERS' support at NRL addressed existing problems in these areas: citric acid hydrazines sampler; photoionization; materials compatibility; electrochemistry; color chemistry for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2); nitrogen dioxide instrument evaluation; coulometric titration method optimization; color chemistry for detection of HC1; as well as additional studies.


Abstract Following impact, wound healing was investigated in roots of sugar beet using fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with a conventional lignin test. Samples of sugar beet roots were harvested at different stages of development and impacted in the laboratory with a falling bolt delivering 1–4 Joules. A response in the form of deposition of brown material, presumed to be melanin, along the outer and inner walls of cells at the wound surface was observed within 3 d of impact. This material eventually became granular in appearance. Formation of a ligno-suberized boundary layer from cells present at the time of impact first occurred in 16-week-old roots 9 d after impact. Intensity of calcofluor fluorescence supported the findings made using light microscopy. As wound healing progressed with time, the intensity of calcofluor fluorescence declined, demonstrating interference by wound healing products with calcofluor binding. Aggressive harvest and subsequent storage dramatically reduced calcofluor fluorescence indicating that this dye may have potential value in the assessment of tissue damage.


This report summarizes the research carried out in the analysis of the LEAP model and its underlying methodology. The report is divided into two parts, with the first part describing the LEAP model (as opposed to the algorithm used to solve the model), and placing it in context with the general economic theory. A basic result of the first part emphasizes that LEAP is mathematically a simulation model described by sets of equations governing the relations between quantities and prices of various commodities at various processes over time. It is not an optimization model, but can be conceptualized as an n-person sequential game. The equations that constitute LEAP are structured in such a way that their solution (if one exists) can be conveniently handled with the Successive Over-Relaxation Method. The second part of this report treats various aspects and extensions of this method, as well as alternate methods commonly employed to solve simultaneous equations. Remarks addressing decomposition are also developed in this part.


This paper presents a theoretical model of aggregate supply and demand in a small economy with two productive sectors, under a flexible exchange regime and imperfect capital mobility. Only one of the production sectors is assumed to produce an exportable commodity sold at world market prices, while the production of the other sector is assumed to supply the domestic market. This model helps to explain how the impact of both domestic (economic policy, productivity, etc.) and foreign (changes in exchange terms) shocks is spread. In every case studied, results show that real output increases consistently with those cases postulated by economic theory. Conversely, the effects on the price level, the exchange rate and the real interest rate are ambiguous. In terms of domestic shocks, fiscal or monetary policy may be seen as a way to stabilize or stimulate the economy but the costs involved raise the price level.


Every face is unique and this variation also exists between genders. This forms the basis of sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between gender and soft tissue of face among the south Indian population. The study sample comprised 30 lateral cephalograms collected between the time period of June 2019 - March 2020, which were divided into 3 groups. FACAD software was used for the analysis of lateral cephalograms to obtain six variables, namely: glabella area (G-G1), subnasal area (A-Sn), Upper lip thickness (J-Ls), Lower lip thickness (I-Li), Labiomental sulcus thickness (B-Sm), Chin area (Pg-Pg1). The obtained results were tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS software version 23. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were performed between the skeletal malocclusions. Independent t-test was done to compare the variables between the two genders. The obtained results show a mean increase in all the variables of Class II except Lower lip thickness, which was maximum in Class I skeletal malocclusion. The results of One-way ANOVA, however, was statistically insignificant.  Hence, soft tissue characteristics can provide vital information on sexual dimorphism and also aid in the diagnosis of various malocclusions in orthodontics.


UDC 336:51-7 Preliminary paper Abstract: datasets from the perspective of consistency with Benford'a law. Two groups of datasets have been investigated: selected accounting items reported by European publicly listed companies and profitabi components of financial ratios are reliable from Benford's law perspective, also datasets representing financial ratios build on these accounting items are reliable. Presented study provides evidence that datasets constructed on previous datasets are of high quality. Received: 07.07.2013. Accepted: 14.10.2013.


We claim that network services can be transparently added to existing unmodified applications running inside virtual machine environments. Examples of these network services include protocol transformations (e.g. TCP to UDT), network connection persistence during long duration unavailability (e.g. wide area VM migration), and network flow modification (e.g. local acknowledgments and Split-TCP). To demonstrate the utility of this concept, and to enable the practical implementations of these examples and others, we have developed VTL. VTL is a framework for packet modification and creation whose purpose is to modify network traffic to and from a VM, doing so transparently to the VM and its applications. We explain how to use VTL to implement the examples mentioned above and others, such as providing anonymized connectivity for a virtual machine through the Tor anonymizing network, and creating cooperative selective wormholing services for network intrusion detection systems.


TOP mRNAs represent a class of vertebrate transcripts which contain a 5′terminal oligopyrimidine tract,exemplified by ribosomal protein genes and elongation factors eEF1 and eEF2.One characteristic of TOP mRNAs is manifested by their growth-dependent control on translational efficiency during differentiation,development,or changes in physiological states.TOP mRNA translation will be inhibited in the case of growth arrestted.Experimentally,this effect can be observed as the shift of TOP mRNAs from the polysomes in growing cells into the sub-polysomes in growth-arrested cells.La and CNBP has been found to interact wit TOP sequence to regulate this kind mRNAs.This article explores recent developments in our understanding of the mechanism of TOP mRNA regulation,focusing on upstream signalling pathways and trans-acting factors,and highlighting some interesting observations which have been discovered.


The presence of an inhibitor against factor VIII or factor IX must still be seen as the most important complication in the treatment of hemophilia patients. Brackmann et al. reported successfully induced immune tolerance for hemophilia patients with inhibitor. We tried induction immune tolerance for hemophilia patient with inhibitor.A hemophilia A patient (10 years old boy) with high level of inhibitor has treated with regular transfusion of low dose factor VIII. Over 30 months factor VIII (about 23u/kg) has transfused 3 times a week. About 6 month later of the beginning treatment the level of inhibitor level has fallen to low level (1.1 Bethesda units) and factor VIII in vivo recovery has improved. The level of inhibitor shows low level over 24 months and bleeding episodes has dramaticaly reduced. The patient is successfully induced immune tolerance and his school life has improved.


Sunitinib malate is a small multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and stem cell factor receptor (KIT), which are highly expressed by some high‐grade brain tumors. We conducted a phase II study to estimate the efficacy and further characterize the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory high‐grade glioma (Stratum A) or ependymoma (Stratum B). This was a prospective, multicenter Phase II trial conducted through the Children's Oncology Group (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01462695). Sunitinib, 15 mg/m2, was orally administered once daily for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. The safety and tolerability of sunitinib, an estimate of progression‐free survival (PFS), analyses of sunitinib pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics modulation of plasma VEGF and VEGFR2 were also assessed. Thirty eligible patients (17 patients on Stratum A, 13 patients on Stratum B) were enrolled and 29 patients were evaluable for response. Sunitinib was reasonably well tolerated in children with recurrent ependymoma or high‐grade glioma. Most adverse events were of mild‐to‐moderate severity and manageable with supportive treatment. While there was a statistically significant modulation of plasma VEGFR2 with sunitinib exposure, there were no sustained tumor responses. Both strata were closed at time of planned interim analysis as there was not sufficient efficacy associated with sunitinib in children with recurrent brain tumors. Sunitinib was well tolerated in children and young adults with recurrent high‐grade glioma or ependymoma but had no single agent objective antitumor activity in these patients.


The relationship between religion as a source of meaning and the violent or compassionate behavior of the human beings is one of the vital ingredients of a Society of Conscience. While organized religions are viewed with suspicion, and accused to be the main sources of aggression, intolerance and divisiveness, the conscience of religious faith, as a devotional behavior, offers the key to a renewed spirituality; the cornerstone to a Society of Conscience. Therefore, this white paper focuses on the contributions of the founder of the Institute for Peace Studies in Eastern Christianity, in exploring the resources of Orthodox Christianity in order to advance compassion, and peaceful coexistence.


In recent years, energy efficiency in the built environment has been attracting considerable interest to mitigate energy consumption. A number of scientific studies indicate that rising air pollution, decreasing biodiversity, ocean acidification and other adverse effects on humans and the environment in recent decades are due to greenhouse gas emissions, and a substantial share of the emissions can be attributed to energy usage in residential buildings. Investments in energy-efficient technologies have been made to alleviate such human induced causes contributing to the emissions, but they are still far from widespread, calling for a thorough understanding of individuals' decision-making processes to promote further adoption of energy efficiency investments. Although personality has been widely recognised as an explanatory factor of behaviour, a rigorous discussion of it in the context of energy efficiency investments is missing. As such, to understand the role of personality traits in making high-cost energy efficiency investments in residential buildings, this research applies a multidisciplinary approach to derive theoretical models that are evaluated in subsequent empirical investigations using quantitative methods and data from the UK and Germany. The findings suggest three ways through which personality can influence energy efficiency investments. The first is an indirect impact of personality traits through risk preferences, in which the significance of the personality effects depends on the financial subsidy context. The second is an indirect effect of personality traits through environmental concern. The third way suggests an impact of personality traits through their importance for individuals' capability and willingness to consider peer behaviour. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my family.


s of Note: The •s Literature This section is meant to be a mutual effort. If you find an article you think should be abstracted in this section, do not be bashful — submit it for consideration to feature editor Kenneth V. Iserson care of CQ. If you do not like the editorial comments, this will give you an opportunity to respond in the letters section. Your input is desired and anticipated. McEwee JE, McCarty K, Reilly PR* A survey of medical directors of life insurance companies concerning use of genetic information. American Journal of Human Genetics


Biography is a different style from ode which has its own characteristic. From Han-Wei Dynasty, the style traits of ode was introduced into biography in some writings,which was developed into a new writing fashion by the writers in Tang dynasty who then turned it into a bran-new style, the Romance. The Romance in Tang dynasty created some new writing conventions. As far as the theme is concerned, Romance in Tang dynasty keeps great interest into the imaginative world and private feelings. As far as the artistic expression is concerned, Romance in Tang dynasty interludes the depiction of scenery into the recountal of biography, and pays attention into the artistic form, rhetorical strategy, and tune, and takes the point of view of restrictive narrative of first-person and third-person. We can sure that it is not until adopted the purport and writing techniques of ode that biography turned into the Romance in Tang dynasty.


An improved design in Toepler pumps is presented as well as the design of a new variable‐time control box. The pump operates completely automatically with no contact of grease with the mercury. Complicated grease‐free valves are also not required.


Compact double-balanced monolithic star mixers using 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT process are presented. These star mixers adopt two novel types of the dual 180° hybrid structure, thereby reducing the chip size and eliminating complex layout. With multi-coupled lines technology, the proposed dual 180° hybrids are produced and applied to star mixers successfully. Furthermore, the proposed hybrids simplifies the star mixer's IF extraction circuit to reduce the chip size and enhance the IF bandwidth. The results demonstrate wide operation bandwidth, low conversion loss and good port-to-port isolations with a size dimension of less than 0.81 mm2, could thus be obtained.


This paper provides an overview of the development and technology challenges of the world's first multi-terminal VSC-HVDC link that was successfully commissioned on 25th of December 2013. The link consists of three converter stations at three different geographic locations, connected by a combination of subsea DC cable, land DC cable and overhead DC line. A selection of the physical test results are provided including staged short-circuits.


Abstract Following his appointment as Foreign Secretary in February 1977, David Owen framed human rights promotion as a guiding principle of British foreign policy. Sensitive to Iran's significance as a pro-Western power in the Middle East and appreciative of the opportunities that the Shah's custom provided for British business, Owen would continue to champion human rights promotion as a central pillar of Britain's international agenda while simultaneously providing support to the Shah's dictatorship. This article scrutinises Owen's attempts to rationalise this fundamental contradiction by constructing a 'morality of compromise' which drew inspiration, inter alia, from the value pluralism espoused by the philosopher Isaiah Berlin. In so doing, analysis not only complements and builds upon existing coverage of Anglo-Iranian relations and the marginalisation of human rights concerns therein; it also highlights the importance of moral psychology and its role in shaping ethical foreign policymaking at an individual level.


In recent years, The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most popular technology that is used in many applications. So, when the IoT system is implemented, it is important to reduce the power consumption and increase the lifetime of nodes in the system. Energy efficiency becomes a vital parameter. Many factors affect energy efficiency such as distance between the transmitter (sensor node) and receiver (sink node) and the number of bits will be sent. Data aggregation plays an urgent role in power saving. In this paper, an IoT system for a stadium is implemented to monitor the health condition of football players and compare between three scenarios one of them without using data aggregation and the second with using repeaters and the third with using data aggregation to approve that applying data aggregation in an IoT system will enhance network lifetime and decrease power consumption due to reducing the packets transmitted by percent depend on the number of aggregators and the number of sensor nodes. For the study cases with using four fixed cluster heads. In the case of two player, the bytes reduction through the network by percent of 24%. This percent increase to reach 50% in the case of five players.


Based on Simpson's method and observation data of the Modaomen channel in the dry season in 2009,the paper discussed salinity mixing processes and stratification mechanisms with tidal straining,freshwater buoyancy inputs,stirring of wind at upstream and downstream stations.The results are as follows:(1) the impact of freshwater on stratification is weak at the upstream M1 station;and(2) stratification is obvious at downstream M2 station with continuous stratification during neap tide and cycle stratification during middle tide and spring tide,but stratification is strengthened during spring tide because of input freshwater increases.Weak stratification at the M1 station appears only at then maximum current during flood tide.Degree of stratification depends on ratio of Freshwater buoyancy to mixing inducing tide and wind.


Dicrepidius ramicornis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) is an elaterid beetle widely distributed in the Americas. Although first recorded from "Saint-Domingue" by Chevrolat in 1867, its presence in Hispaniola has been subsequently overlooked. In this note, I provide the first data-backed records for this species from the Dominican Republic and the first from Hispaniola since then.


Question: A 52-year-old woman presented with right upper abdominal pain, fever, and moderate weight loss for several weeks. We found minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase of approximately 1.5 higher than the upper limit of normal, and a moderately elevated C-reactive protein level of 20 mg/L. Eosinophilia of 0.5 g/L was detected. Computed tomography (CT; Figure A) showed several lesions in the right liver lobe with hilar lymphadenopathy and a cholangiocarcinoma was suspected. However, liver biopsy showed necrotic tissue with a rim of granulomatous inflammation. On ultrasonography, grayscale pictures showed focal subcapsular hypoechoic changes in the liver (Figure B). After the injection of ultrasound contrast material (SonoVue, Bracco, Italy) marked segmental hyperemia sparing small subcapsular areas in the arterial phase (Figure C) and multiple subcapsular zones with loss of contrast material in the portal-venous and in the late phase (Figure D) were observed. What is your diagnosis? SeetheGASTROENTEROLOGYwebsite(www.gastrojournal. org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.


Among the many dark clouds seen projected against the luminous band of the Milky Way are a number of smalI, isolated compact clouds, wh ich often exhibit a large degree of regularity. These objects are today known as Bok globules, after the Dutch-American astronomer Bart Bok, who more than 30 years aga singled out the globules as a group of special interest among the dark clouds. Bok globules usually have angular sizes of from a few arcminutes to about 20 arcminutes, with real sizes of typically 0.15 to 0.8 parsecs. It is generally not so easy to estimate the distance, and thus the dimensions, of a given globule. Most known globules are closer than 500 pc, since they normally are found by their obscuring effects, and more distant globules become less conspicuous because of foreground stars. A nearby, compact Bok globule is indeed a spectacular sight; when William Herschel for the first time saw a globule in his telescape, he exclaimed: "Mein Gott, da ist ein Loch im Himmel." For many years the main taoI to study globules were counts of background stars seen through the outer parts of the globules. When carefully and correctly executed, star counts can provide much valuable information; but with the advent of molecular radio astronomy it has now become possible to obtain precise data on masses, temperatures and composition of the globules. Typical globule masses are between 15 M0 and 60 M0 , and temperatures are around 10 K to 20 K. The interior of such a smalI, cold cloud is weil protected against the more energetic radiation from stars, and so various atoms can combine to molecules, mainly of hydrogen, with important additions of carbon oxide, formaldehyde and many more exotic molecules. Bok's conjecture in singling out the globules as a group was that, if stars (radius 10" cm, density 1 g/cm) form out of denser regions in the interstellar medium (radius 10 cm, density 10g/cm3), then intermediate stages might be seen, representing proto-proto stars. SUbsequent observations have clearly shown that the main regions of star formation are not globules, but giant molecular


The ecofriendly nature of materials used in synthesis and their low cost make biosynthesized nanoparticles excellent stuff for a broad range of applications in bioscience. Green nanomaterials are progressively used in agriculture to deliver plant nutrients efficiently and effectively. The present work aimed to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaf extracts to use them as a nanopriming agent for improving seed germination and seedling growth in Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (finger millet). UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, and TEM were used to characterize biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs). The peaks at 362 nm characterized UV-Vis spectra of ZnO NPs. The FTIR absorption spectrum of ZnO NPs showed Zn-O bending at 547 cm−1. The size (44.5 nm) and shape (nonspherical) of ZnO NPs were revealed by TEM image analysis. XRD confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with an average particle size of 35.19. The seed germination results revealed that ZnO-nanoprimed seeds at 500 mg/L substantially improved all the seed germination parameters, viz., plumule length (23.4%), radicle length (55%), vigor index (41.94%), and dry matter production (54.6%) compared to hydropriming (control).


Leather industry generates vast quantities of by-products which could be a cheap and available source of collagen and collagen peptides. These peptides have been widely used in cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. The main objective of present study was to obtain a biotechnological product based on collagen and to study its properties. Lime fleshings from hides were fragmented into small pieces with size ≤ 0.5 cm2. Collagen was extracted from trimming waste using 0.5 M acetic acid in the presence of 5 mM EDTA. The purity of extracted collagen was checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Collagen was enzymatically hydrolyzed by pepsin. To stop the reaction, the mixture was heated immediately at 100ºC and then centrifuged at 4000 g for 30 min. The supernatant was filtered through ceramic membrane for separation of collagen peptides fraction (26≤kDa). Collagen peptides were prepared from the obtained collagen. The generated collagen peptides was analyzed by SDS-PAGE using 18% resolving gel. The influence of collagen peptides on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were explored. Collagen peptides supplementation also lowered serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-12, while level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was within the control value.


The synthesis of dibutyl maleate with butyl alcohol and maleic acid as reactants and amidosulphonic acid as catalyst has been studied. The influencing factors of reaction were investigated. The results showed thai the appropriate conditions should be: weight of catalyst was 0. 5 g (weight of maleic acid 0. 05 mol) ; molar ratio of butyl alcohol to maleic acid was 3:1; reaction time was 1.5 h; the water taking reagent (toluene) was 5 mL. The yield of dibutyl maleate was about 96. 8%.


Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is the current gold standard in kidney donation. Mini-incision open donor nephrectomy (MINI) techniques have been used extensively but have become less popular. The aim of the present study was to compare the results and safety of a non-muscle-splitting MINI technique with the current gold standard of LDN. A single center retrospective cohort study of all living donor nephrectomies between 2011 and 2019 was used for the study. The primary outcome of this study was short term (<30 days) with Clavien–Dindo grade complications. Secondary outcomes included multivariable regression analysis of perioperative data. No differences in complication rates were observed between MINI and LDN and also after correction for known confounders. As expected, the operative time and first warm ischemia were significantly shorter in the MINI group and less blood loss was observed in the LDN group. Complications and conversion rate (LDN to open) among the LDN patients were in line with recent published meta-analyses. This study confirms the perioperative safety of living kidney donation in modern practice. Complication rates of both MINI and LDN procedures are limited and not different between procedures. In specific circumstances, the MINI procedure can still be considered a safe and feasible alternative for living kidney donation.


Currently there are still many shops that use a manual system in ordering goods transaction, one of which is Michan Stores. Thus, in data management is still difficult. Because the manual method will experience a loss of time and lose the transaction documents. Therefore, try to make the computerized system. It is expected that the ordering process and data management will be easier. This system is using Borland Delphi 7.0 application to make an appearance. And database format used is the paradox which is the supporting database Delphi.


Objective To find out the epidemic characteristics and the prevalent tendency of transmission of HIV infection in Zhaotong City from 1997 to 2007. Methods Statistical analysis was applied to the data of 1997-2007 Zhaotong City local monitoring detection of HIV-infected persons and AIDS epidemic Tables Network reported. Results From 1997 to 2007, the cumulative report of the city's HIV-infected persons was 914 cases. Before 2002 the report was 144 cases as intravenous drug users. From 2003 to 2007 cumulative reports of 770 cases were infected with HIV, of which 524 were of local detection, accounting for the 68% of reports; field reports were 246 cases, accounting for 31.95%. 260 cases were intravenous drug users, accounting for 33.8%; 155 cases of heterosexual contact, accounting for 20.1%; 20 cases were of mother to child transmission, accounting for 2.6%; 335 were unknown cases, accounting for 43.5%. Report of infection from 0.19/100 000 in 1997 rose to 3.51/100 000 in 2007. The infection rate for migrant workers was 23.43/100 000. Conclusions From 1997 to 2007, transmission of HIV infection in Zhaotong City had a great change, and the rate of infection rose continually. The proliferation from high-risk population groups such as drug user to the general population increased rapidly, and it was the same case with floating population.


Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone and cefixime on lower respiratory tract infection in sequential therapy.Methods One hundred cases with lower respiratory tract infection were selected from Januany 2010 to June 2012,and divided into observation group and control group.Ceftriaxone was used to control group,cefixime and ceftriaxone in sequential therapy was given to observation group.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 96.0%,the total effective rate in control group was 94.0%,the total effective rate in observation group was similar with that in control group,there was no statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusions Ceftriaxone and cefixime on lower respiratory tract infection in sequential therapy has significant efficacy,and no serious side effect happen,the therapy is safe and effective,and the treatment cost is low.


author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: Abstract In the language of statistical theory, a statistic is a function of a set of data, and a sufficient statistic contains as much information about the statistical model as the original set of data. Statistical sufficiency has served as a powerful concept in the theory of inference in helping to clarify the role of models and data and in providing a framework for data reduction.


7511 Background: Vinflunine (VFL) is a new microtubule inhibitor of the vinca alkaloid class with clinical activity in NSCLC (J. Bennouna, BJC, 2006). Single-agent efficacy and safety of VFL and docetaxel (DTX) were compared in the 2nd line chemotherapy. Methods: Open-label, multi-center, randomised, phase III study in platinum pre-treated locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC pts. At least 275 pts were to be randomized by arm to receive VFL (320 mg/m2, 20-min IV infusion) or DTX (75 mg/m2, 1-hour IV infusion with dexamethasone over 3 days) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS), with a non-inferiority analysis based on a 10% difference (types I and II error rates: 5%, 20%). Results: From 06/03 to 03/05, 551 pts were randomized (VFL: 274; DTX: 277) and 547 treated (411 men, 136 women); median age 61 years [range 22–83]; ECOG PS 0–1: 89%; metastatic: 90%. All pts were platinum pre-treated, in combination with a vinca alkaloid (22%), paclitaxel (21%), or gemcitabine (48%). A tot...


Carbon fiber sequentially undergoes thermal activation, electrochemical oxidation activation, electrochemical reduction activation and a secondary thermal activation process to form a highly activated carbon fiber electrode material.


Most control programs for bovine tuberculosis include reporting to both veterinary and public health authorities, and measures to prevent transmission from animals to humans. On the other hand, reporting of human cases to veterinary authorities is rare, unless an animal source is suspected. Exchange of data and strategic discussions between veterinary and public health authorities would strengthen tuberculosis surveillance in both animal and human populations.

A One Health approach is clearly warranted for tuberculosis. The disease has similarly serious consequences for humans and a broad range of animal species, and it has been strongly advocated as a One Health issue (1). Yet, tuberculosis cases in humans and animals are commonly treated as separate problems (2, 3).

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). "Bovine tuberculosis" usually means infection in cattle with Mycobacterium bovis (3, 4). However, this definition may be too restrictive, and the term bovine tuberculosis has been proposed to signify infection in cattle with any bacteria in the MTBC (5, 6). Similarly, "human tuberculosis" usually refers to infection in humans with M. tuberculosis, while "zoonotic tuberculosis" refers to human infection with M. bovis (7). However, for control and monitoring purposes, as well as a One Health approach, it would be preferable to use the terms "human tuberculosis" and "bovine tuberculosis" for infection with all bacteria within the MTBC in humans and cattle, respectively. Consequently, infections in other host species could be named after the host species, complemented by specifying the infecting bacterial species. In the following, the term "tuberculosis" is used for infection with bacteria within the MTBC, regardless of host species.


International standard specification, H.264/SVC improved from H.264/AVC, is set up so as to promote free use of huge multimedia data in various channel environments.;H.264/AVC is a international standard speicification for video compression, adopted and commercialized as standard for DMB broadcasting by JVT of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG. SVC standard uses 'intra/inter prediction' in AVe as well as 'inter-layer intra prediction', 'inter-layer motion prediction' and 'inter-layer residual prediction' to improve efficiency of encoding. Among prediction technologies, 'inter-layer intra prediction' is to use co-located block of up sampled sublevels as a prediction signal. At this time, application of interpolation is one of the most important factors to determine encoding efficiency. SVC's currently using poly-phase FIR filter of 4-tap and 2-tap respectively to luma components. This paper is written for the purpose of analyzing encoding performance according to the interpolation. For this purpose, we applied poly-phase FIR filter of '2-tap', '4-tap' and '6-tap' respectively to luma components and then measured bit-rate, PNSR and running time of interpolation filter. We're expecting that the analysis results of this paper will be utilized for effective application of interpolation filter. sve standard uses 'intra linter prediction'in AVC as well as 'inter-layer intra prediction', 'inter-laver motion prediction' and 'inter-laver residual prediction' to improve efficiency of encoding.


Arena 15.1 was released to the market earlier this year. This latest release of Arena includes a number of advancements designed to enhance ease-of-use, make complex simulations easier and expand the overall simulation capabilities of Arena. This presentation will cover those enhancements and provide demonstrations on how to make the most of these new capabilities.


Abstract Two-dimensional emission line images of the HH30 jet were recently used (De Colle et al. 2010) to recover the three-dimensional structure of the jet by applying standard tomographic technique ("Tikhonov regularization techniques"). In this paper I show that it is possible to determine the ejection history of the HH30 jet by directly comparing the outcome of numerical simulations with the results of the tomographic inversion. In particular, it is shown that the HH30 jet electron density map is best reproduced by assuming a velocity variation at the base of the jet with a large scale periodicity (with a period of ~3 yrs) added to small scales velocity variation (with periods ≲months).


Verbal protocols have been used for many years in different research contexts, but there still is no clear consensus about the validity of the technique and methods for maximizing validity in an applied setting; how to standardize the collection and analysis of protocols; and last but certainly not least, whether the resulting data is worth the effort. This panel discussion is a companion to a symposium at this conference which presents empirical studies and human factors applications of verbal protocol techniques. The panel will focus in more depth on issues raised in that earlier session, with the goal of providing guidance for practical applications of the technique.


The utility model provides a workbench for processing a large-scale workpiece, the structure of the workbench is, support bases and clamping bases are respectively many, they are both disposed on a pedestal; each support base comprises a support base body and support blocks; the support base body is fixedly connected with the pedestal, the support blocks are detachably connected with the support base body; the connection structure of each support block and the support base body are the same, and the support blocks are many blocks with different heights; a plurality of support bases are distributed along the length direction of the pedestal; each clamping base comprises a clamping base body, and an adjustable clamping piece; the clamping base body is fixedly connected with the pedestal, the adjustable clamping piece is fixed on the clamping base body; a plurality of clamping bases are divided into two groups, two groups of the clamping bases are in a shaft symmetry with respect to the support base; for each group of clamping base, each clamping base is distributed along the length direction of the pedestal; the radial direction of the adjustable clamping piece and the width direction of the pedestal are the same, and spacing between the adjustable clamping pieces on the symmetrical clamping bases is adjustable. Compared with the prior art, the workbench in the utility model makes processing of large-scale workpiece more convenient.


3,332,056 7/1967 Drenkelfort ......................... 340/3 R 3,512,124 5/1970 Watson ............ ... 340/3 R 3,716,823 2/1973 Thompson et al. ................. 340/3 R Primary Examiner-Richard A. Farley Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Burgess, Ryan and Wayne 57 ABSTRACT The present invention discloses a fish finder wherein one transducer is used to generate both highand low frequency ultrasonic waves which are simultaneously emitted and the electrical signal representative of the reflected highor low-frequency ultrasonic waves is extracted by the signal representative of the reflected lowor high-frequency ultrasonic waves, thereby dis criminating the sizes of fish detected.


There is growing global recognition of the operation and structure of the intersection of disability and colonization in shaping the lives of Indigenous peoples. Recent statistics suggest that there are around 370 million Indigenous peoples across world (UNDESA, 2009). Yet, there exists limited reliable data on the prevalence of disability among Indigenous communities on a global level. The United Nations (UN) has helped to drive the public policy environment, focusing on the intersecting features of Indigenous cultural identity with the lived experience of disability. In 2016, UN Rapporteurs on the rights of persons with disabilities and the rights of Indigenous Persons combined efforts to examine the impact of disability on the lives of Indigenous peoples including their ongoing ability to engage and perform customary practices, language, cultures, and traditions (UNOHCHR, 2016). There are many internationally mandated UN meetings expanding the remit of specialist Committees to incorporate the disability experience within global interventions, strategies, and responses to Indigenous global policy and research. These global debates are driven by Indigenous and non-Indigenous disability human rights activists beyond the dominating debates that foreground the social determinants of Indigenous health and wellbeing and access to social and community services. The debates and discussions are focused on including Indigenous people's representations in the traditional Eurocentric nature of the global disability rights movement.


The author describes the use of a single control unit, the synchronizing channel-to-channel adapter (SCCA) which could be implemented within a shared control unit to provide interprocessor communication in the case of many processors.


[Far too few schoolchildren use protective helmets when bicycling. Reviewof the literature and questionnaires as basis for promotion of increaseduse of the helmets]


Background Sikari is a remote district in Papua, Indonesia, which is malaria-endemic. Malaria infection during pregnancy has been linked to poor birth outcomes.
Objective To evaluate for an association between malaria infection in pregnancy and birth outcome.
Methods This cohort study compared the outcomes of newborns from mothers infected with malaria during pregnancy vs. uninfected controls. We included clinical data of 82 pregnant women from January to December 2020 at the Batavia Public Health Center, Sikari District, Mamberamo Raya, Papua. Malaria diagnosis was established based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and positive rapid diagnostic tests. The maternal and infant characteristics analyzed were years of formal education, antenatal care (ANC) visits, gestational age, obstetric history, diagnosis of malaria, birth weight, APGAR score, and newborn mortality.
Results Forty-six mothers (56.1%) were diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy, of whom 33 (71.7%) had tropical malaria, 7 (15.2%) had tertian malaria, and 6 (13.0%) had mixed malaria. Malaria infections of any type were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 5.34; 95%CI 1.10 to 25.91; P=0.04), low birth weight (LBW) (OR 49.00; 95%CI 28.62 to 838.89; P=0.00), newborn mortality (OR 13.86; 95%CI 0.76 to 251.37; P=0.04), and low 5-minute APGAR score (OR 23.65; 95%CI 1.34 to 416.61; P=0.03). Tropical malaria was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (OR 5.44; 95%CI 1.06 to 27.86; P=0.04), LBW (OR 15.22; 95%CI 1.82 to 127.02; P=0.01), newborn mortality (OR 14.09; 95%CI 0.75 to 265.48; P=0.04), and low APGAR (OR 24.33; 95%CI 1.34 to 440.77; P=0.03). Mixed malaria was associated with a higher risk of LBW (OR 35.00; 95%CI 2.73 to 449.10; P=0.01) and low APGAR score (OR 40.56; 95%CI 1.67 to 985.39; P=0.02).
Conclusion Malaria infections are associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, newborn mortality, and low 5-minute APGAR scores.


We find the twisted extensions of the symmetry algebra of the 2D Euler equation in the vorticity form and use them to construct new Lax representation for this equation. Then we generalize this result by considering the transformation Lie--Rinehart algebras generated by finite-dimensional subalgebras of the symmetry algebra and derive a family of Lax representations for the Euler equation. The family depends on functional parameters and contains a non-removable spectral parameter. Finally we construct a special B{\"a}cklund transformation associated to one of the Lax representations.


Ecological conditions of the growing areas, growing practices as well as harvest and postharvest processing influence the yield and quality of chamomile. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of chamomile separation methods, as postharvest treatments, on the essential oil quality and content, with a view to improve current primary processing of this valuable medicinal plant. In order to explain the structure of laboratory data that would give deeper assessment of similarities among various samples of chamomile essential oil, PCA was employed. Tested results showed that separation of chamomile plant material, as postharvest and pre-drying treatment, had significant influence on the number of identified compounds in the chamomile essential oil. The highest content of individual essential oil compounds had chamomile flowers with short stems, especially a-bisabolol, chamazulene, Z-spiroether and E-b-famesene. In the essential oil obtained from chamomile flowers with long stems, content of a-bisabolol and chamazulene were significantly lower, while E-b-famesene and Z-spiroether contents were significantly higher. Furthermore, in the essential oil obtained from chamomile plant material without separation, the lowest content of abisabolol and Z-spiroether, and the highest content of E-b-farnesene were recorded. The correlation analysis was performed to investigate the likeness in the amounts of the active compounds of essential oil from differently processed chamomile samples. All these results indicate the importance of precise and controlled postharvest treatments, since it clearly affects the essential oil quality and content in the primary processing of this valuable medicinal plant.


Nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter can significantly alter neutrino flavor evolution in supernovae with the potential to impact explosion dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and the neutrinos signal. In this paper, we explore, both numerically and analytically, the landscape of neutrino flavor transformation effects in supernovae due to NSI and find a new, heretofore unseen transformation processes can occur. These new transformations can take place with NSI strengths well below current experimental limits. Within a broad swath of NSI parameter space, we observe symmetric and standard matter-neutrino resonances for supernovae neutrinos, a transformation effect previously only seen in compact object merger scenarios; in another region of the parameter space we find the NSI can induce neutrino collective effects in scenarios where none would appear with only the standard case of neutrino oscillation physics; and in a third region the NSI can lead to the disappearance of the high density Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonance. Using a variety of analytical tools, we are able to describe quantitatively the numerical results allowing us to partition the NSI parameter according to the transformation processes observed. Our results indicate nonstandard interactions of supernova neutrinos provide a sensitive probe of beyond the Standard Model physics complementary to present and future terrestrial experiments.


In southern Thailand, biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from palm oil mill facility soil using serial dilution. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was utilized as the sole carbon source. A total of 231 oil-degrading bacterial isolates were discovered from 40 samples. Based on the examination of surface tension reduction and emulsification activities, 30 isolates showed promising biosurfactant activities; however, only 85 of the isolates tested positive for the formation of biosurfactants based on the oil displacement test. The biosurfactants from 30 bacterial isolates were tested for their antifungal efficacy against Phytophthora palmivora Al2 using an


The stability of intense electron beam via the periodic static electric and magnetic fields is discussed. The stability and instability regions of cylindrical electron beam through periodic harmonic electromagnetic field and periodic anharmonic fields in sawtooth, square, and trapezoid forms are given. Compared with the major instability regions of the various fields, the instability region of the saw-tooth form is smaller than others.
When space charge effect is appreciable, the electron beam in the stable region is conditionally rather than unconditionally stable. It is dependent on the intensity of the space-charge current and the amplitude of the eletron beam.


It provides a method for creating an efficient model-based sub-resolution assist features (MB-SRAF). SRAF guidance map is created, the design target edge position, for a given field point, a single pixel SRAF placed on this field points to vote whether to or deterioration to improve the aerial image on the process window . In one embodiment, using the SRAF guidance map, to fine-tune and / or already placed SRAF determine SRAF placement rules. SRAF guidance map can be directly used to place the SRAF in the mask layout. Can generate mask layout data including SRAF, SRAF is arranged by SRAF guidance map. SRAF guidance map that contains the pixel whether an image indicated by each pixel value to contribute positively to the edge behavior of features in a mask layout if the pixel is included as part of the sub-resolution assist features can.


Size segregation is a widely observed consequence of sheared flow in granular media, in which the larger grains rise to the upper surface of the bulk, despite the fact that all grains have the same material density. A two-dimensional molecular dynamics study of the phenomenon is described in this paper. The grains are represented by inelastic disks and the flow occurs down an inclined slope with a rough base. The simulations readily reproduce the segregation effect; the results of a series of measurements of various aspects of this so-called ``inverse grading'' are reported.


It is proposed that spatial frequency filtering can act as a new kind of masking technique, so that conscious and nonconscious processing can be contrasted while presentation durations remain constant. Stronger affective priming by emotional faces in suboptimal than optimal presentation conditions is a striking example of such a contrast. Similarly, images containing only low spatial frequencies (LSF) were expected to produce larger priming than images with only high spatial frequencies (HSF). Conscious report on the emotional expressions should, however, be more accurate for the HSF than the LSF faces. The results supported only the former expectation, but ceiling effects, procedural issues, and inadequate filtering may account for this limited support. It is assumed that the stronger-suboptimal-than-optimal affective priming pattern reflects the biologically privileged processing of LSF components of affective stimuli. Nonconscious processing of low frequency features is discussed in the context of evolution and models for affective processing.


The study was conducted on three specially prepared test areas along main streets of Bialystok. The experimental plots were sown with two lawn grass mixtures: Eko and Roadside, and three doses of sewage sludge 0.0 (control), 7.5 kg/m 2 and 15.0 kg/m 2 were used. The calculated bioconcentration factor made possible to determine the mobility of the various metals from the soil solution to the aerial parts of plants. The obtained results showed that the plants absorbed Cd, Zn, Cu easier than Pb and Ni suggesting a high mobility, in particular of Cd, Zn, Cu, and reflects the easiness extraction of those metals by plants. Significant correlations between concentrations of metals in soil and grass were observed, nickel in soil was significantly correlated with Cd, Zn and Cu in plants, while the Zn content in soil with the level of Cu in plants.


Thesis deals with the assessing of intangible assets and its putting down to the financial accounting. The thesis defines the concepts connecting with those problems. Describe the methods using to the assessing of intangible assets and possibilities of its register in the financial accounting. The thesis shows the practical using the selected methods of the assessing of intangible assets. There are indicated any problems with putting intangible assets down to the financial accounting. In conclusion of the thesis there are evaluations of using methods and procedures.


Over the past decade, wireless communication technologies have developed significantly 13 for intelligent applications in road transport. This paper provides an overview of 14 telecommunications-based intelligent transport systems with a focus on ensuring system safety 15 and resilience. In vehicle-to-everything, these problems are extremely acute due to the specifics of 16 the operation of transport networks, which requires the use of special protection mechanisms. In 17 this regard, it was decided to use blockchain as a system platform to support the needs of transport 18 systems for secure information exchange. This paper describes the technological aspects of 19 implementing blockchain technology in vehicle-to-network; the features of such technology are 20 presented, as well as the features of their interaction. 21


U.S. military contracting has been plagued by systematic corruption, fraud, and waste during both times of peace and war. These outcomes result from the inherent features of the U.S. military sector which incentivize unproductive entrepreneurship. The military sector is characterized by an entangled network of government bureaus and private firms whose existence is dependent on continued government spending. These realities, coupled with dysfunctional procurement processes, reward unproductive behaviors during peacetime. During wartime these incentives are intensified, as significant emergency resources are injected into an already defective contracting system. Together, these factors create a magnetic force which attracts unproductive entrepreneurs like bees to honey. The recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq illustrate these dynamics.


Abstract It is not evident in what sense philosophy relates to its own time and present. From the history of philosophical thought, several models have been suggested, ranging from a strong reliance on tradition to the wholesale rejection of the present and demand for a 'philosophy of the future,' from the suspicion that philosophy is nothing but one ideology among others to the demand that philosophy should engage in the struggles and conflicts of its time in order to prepare for a better future. The essay presents an assessment and problematization of these approaches and argues for a point of view that starts from philosophy's precarious, ambivalent and contingent relation to its time and contemporaneity. Neither wholly independent of nor entirely subjected to its own time, philosophy can inhabit a shifting position from which critique and resistance are possible even if not ultimately guaranteed.


Deep learning-based Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) has shown promising results in wireless image transmission by integrating deep generative models. However, the computational demands of these models pose a challenge for practical deployment. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called Lightweight conditional GAN-based Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding (LGJSCC) to address this challenge. LGJSCC introduces a compressed generator using a GAN compression method based on intermediate feature distillation, enabling efficient utilization of computational resources at the receiver side. To enhance the perceptual quality of the reconstructed images, we incorporate the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) loss along with pixel-wise distortion, adversarial loss, and distillation loss. Experimental results demonstrate that the compressed generator achieves a size reduction of only 4.45% of the original, with Multiply-Accumulate Operations (MAC) decreasing to 11.92% of the original, while maintaining comparable image reconstruction quality. This makes LGJSCC highly suitable for deployment on resource-constrained devices such as mobile and IoT devices.


Introduction: High quality of medical services is essential to proper healthcare functioning and to achieve aims. High quality of nursing care should have the same characteristics as the whole healthcare system. Although current healthcare systems focus on best quality medical services, the number of adverse events is increasing. It sometimes happens that a patient suffers injuries not due to his/her illness, but because of poorly organised healthcare. Aim of the research: To assess the influence of adverse events and their identification on nursing care quality and to analyse the correlation between patient safety and adverse events identification and reporting. Material and methods: The research was conducted in hospital wards that have and do not have a Certificate of Quality Management System. In the research, the Hospital Survey on Patient Culture prepared by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used as well as the author's own survey. Results: In the survey, nurses' activities were evaluated in the context of adverse events identification. As the most common undesirable events, the following were considered: discrepancy connected with organisation and administration (35%), medical equipment (24%), hospital infections (23%), medication administration (22%), doctor's (20%) and nurse's (19%) activity, and blood and blood related specimen transfusion (10%). However, these areas were not disastrous. Conclusions: It has been stated that nurses, for fear of disciplinary consequences, are more unwilling to report such events. Therefore, it is essential to introduce legal regulations.


The 'legal origins' literature is comprised of an empirical body of scholarship that examines the relationship between the law and the prevailing type of economic organisation in countries, including national structures of corporate ownership and control. At present there is a less developed body of work on the role of law in shaping and securing particular patterns of employment relations and work systems, although labour law scholars have recently begun to explore how law as a social system may produce national differences in labour management styles. Moreover there has also been some attempt to examine how certain forms of corporate law might broadly align with certain approaches to labour regulation, creating legal and institutional complementarities between the two. The discussion in this chapter presents an overview of the historical development of corporate law and labour law regulation since the British colonisation of Australia. The account in the chapter of the development over time of the regulatory framework is designed to allow the authors to draw a meaningful characterisation of the Australian regulatory style, and, hence, to place it within this emerging international scholarship.


The combusion of methane was studied in a fixed bed reactor to determine the effect of inert particles through heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Methane and CO 2 mole fractions are measured at the reactor outlet. The results show that any accelerating catalytic effect of the inert particles is quite small, while considerable inhibition effect was found at moderately high temperatures. A plug flow model with a complete and reduced reaction scheme was developed to explain the experimental findings. Both reaction schemes fail to fully predict the experimental data. Therefore, an improved combined mechanism is proposed, which is now able to predict the experimental data.