Early in 1923 it was shown that a tungsten filament heated to 1200° K or more in saturated caesium vapour converts all caesium atoms which strike it into caesium ions. Thus when the filament is surrounded by a negatively charged cylinder a positive ion current flows from the filament, which is independent of the filament temperature (above 1200° K) and independent of the applied potential, if this is sufficient to overcome the space charge effect of the positive ions. At lower voltages the currents follow the 3/2 power law, and the currents are smaller than the corresponding electron currents obtainable from the same filament in the ratio of the square roots of the masses of the electrons and caesium ions. The reason that the caesium atoms lose their valence electrons so readily upon contact with the filament, is merely that the electron affinity of tungsten (Richardson work function) is 4·53 volts, while the electron affinity of a caesium atom (ionising potential) is only 3·88 volts. Experiments showed in fact that if the work function for the filament is lowered to 2·69, by allowing a monatomic layer of thorium atoms to accumulate on the surface (by diffusion from the interior of a thoriated tungsten filament), the positive ion emission becomes negligible.


[Objective] To understand the current status of the growth and development of pupils of Changzhou and the characteristics of change,so as to provide us the scientific evidences for study the regulation of the development and growth of them. [Methods] The inspecting data of the development and growth in pupils at age of 7 to 12 was analyzed,and then com-pared with the national data in 1985 and 2000. [Results] The index clearly showed up-raising trend in the past 21 years,such as the body statures,avoirdupois and BMI for boys were averagely increased by 3.85cm,6.58kg and 2.49,respectively,while for girls 1.93cm,3.76kg and 1.52,respectively. Significant difference was found(P﹤0.01) ;Overweight and obesity had the high proportion. [Conclusion] The the growth and development of pupils' figure revealed to be an long turn increasing trend. However,the rates of overweight and obesity were evidently high,which should be paid much attention to by the school and society as well as the parents.


As the economy develops rapidly,governments are attaching increasingly importance to public infrastructure.In order to reduce the financial burden,a new financing model,PPP(Public-Private-Partnership) model,comes on the scene in recent years,which is engaged in benefiting all the participants.This paper is trying to study the way to reduce the risks in the pre-operational phase of PPP project through a contractual mechanism,which can keep the checks and balances of the interests among different participants and reduce the pre-operational risks..


The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise therapy, alternating cold and hot (ACH) therapy and low intensity laser (LIL) therapy in patients with chronic lumbar muscle strain (CLMS). Thirty-two patients were randomly allocated to four groups: exercise group, ACH group, LIL group, and combination group of exercise, ACH and LIL, eight in each group. Sixteen treatments were given over the course of 4 weeks. Lumbar muscle endurance, flexion and lateral flexion measures, visual analogue scale (VAS) and lumbar disability questionnaire (LDQ) were used in the clinical and functional evaluations before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after treatment. It was found that the values of endurance, VAS and LDQ in all groups were significantly improved from before to after treatment (P < 0.01). The combination group showed significantly larger reduction on pain level and functional disability than the other groups immediately and 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01). Pain level reduced significantly more in the ACH group than in the exercise group or the LIL group immediately and 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). Lumbar muscle endurance and spinal ranges of motion in all groups were improved after treatment but there was no significant difference between any therapy groups. In conclusion, exercise therapy, ACH therapy and LIL therapy were effective in the treatment of CLMS. ACH therapy was more effective than exercise therapy or LIL therapy. The combination therapy of exercise, ACH and LIL had still better rehabilitative effects on CLMS.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of acute moderate aerobics time on serum lipid, malondialdehyde and superoxidedismutase in college women. Ten subjects(n=10 ; 20.0±.94 yrs ; 172.4±3.09 ㎝; 63.3±5.7 ㎏; 23.4±2.74 ㎏·m-2 )were participated in this study who college women. Data(serum lipid, MDA, and SOD) were collected 4 times at rest and every 15 minutes during 45 minutes aerobic walking or running on treadmill. Results were as follows ; 1) Changes of serum lipid Total cholesterol(TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Triglyceride(TG) has show significant differences measurement of times(p .05). 2) Changes of malondialdehyde(MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) MDA and SOD has no significant differences measurement of times(p>.05). Summary of result, aerobic exercise were improve of serum lipid (TC, LDL-C, TG) less than 30 min in college women. but over the 30 min. are apt to reduce efficacy of exercise. And also moderate aerobic exercise has no Changes on MDA and SOD in college women. Consequently moderate aerobic exercise are necessary to reduce serum lipid and do not worry about oxidative stress in human body in this study.


This study aims to develop professional competence indicators for underwater welding technicians for offshore wind power generation in Taiwan. A literature analysis methodology was employed to gather and investigate research studies related to competence indicators in the underwater welding domain of offshore wind power generation. Subsequently, the Delphi method was utilized to conduct a three-round questionnaire survey, aiming to seek expert opinions regarding the appropriateness and differentiation of these competency indicators. To examine the consistency and significance of expert opinions, the data were subjected to K–S single-sample analysis and K–W one-way analysis of variance. The study identified three main dimensions of professional competency indicators for underwater welding technicians in offshore wind power generation: professional skills, professional knowledge, and workplace attitudes. These dimensions further led to the identification of 10 sub-dimensions, including equipment operation, welding practice, welding inspection, metal materials, welding graphics, occupational safety, quality standards, process improvement, self-management, and teamwork. These sub-dimensions further informed the identification of 75 specific behavioral components as criteria. This study provides findings to enhance future staff training and talent recruitment, benefiting relevant units and managers. These results contribute to enhancing the competence and performance of personnel in underwater welding for offshore wind power generation.


Landslide on coal mine is one of the most common and largest type of geological disaster in Shan Xi, China. It brought great security risk to people's life and property and production operations. Up to now, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research for this type of landslide. This paper summarizes the common characteristics of the landslides which have occurred on coal mine: 1. gangue heaping to the slope and increasing the sliding force; 2. toe excavation to decrease the stabilizing force; 3. stress field changing by the opening underground tunnel; 4. mining damage in goaf. The traditional calculation methods and evaluation system can not accurately explain the deformation mechanism. Correct evaluation and scientific management of the stability of such landslide is a big problem for the engineers. This paper attempts to explain this landslide evaluation mechanism and prevention issues under complex stress and multiple incentives.


The objective was to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of tropical fruits and the potential risk for chronic diseases. Nine fruits were investigated: coconut water (for the purpose of this study, coconut water was classified as a "fruit"), guava, tamarind, passion fruit, custard apple, hog plum, cashew, sapodilla, and soursop. The GI and GL were determined according to the Food and Agriculture Drganization protocol. The GL was calculated taking into consideration intake recommendation guidelines; 77.8% of the fruits had low GI although significant oscillations were observed in some graphs, which may indicate potential risks of disease. Coconut water and custard apple had a moderate GI, and all fruits had low GL. The fruits evaluated are healthy and can be consumed following the daily recommended amount. However, caution is recommended with fruits causing early glycemic peak and the fruits with moderated GI (coconut water and custard apple).


Law enforcement in Indonesia is run by one of its institutions, namely prosecutors. Prosecutors have an essential role to be able to create and provide a sense of justice for the community. The performance and behavior of prosecutors run by the prosecutor are very often concern by the community, especially on the performance and behavior of the prosecutor. Prosecutors commission as one of the institutions that run the role as a supervisor of the behavior of the Prosecutor often also get attention because of the many cases involving the officials of the Prosecutor, especially the prosecutors. Concerning the role carried out by the Commission of the Prosecutor, then it can be withdrawn several problems such as the role of the Attorney's Commission in conducting performance supervision from the antics and what are the constraints of the Prosecutors Commission in conducting the performance supervision of the prosecutor. The role of the Prosecutor's Commission is related to the three main points of supervision, assessment, and monitoring, as well as the role of this Commission also publishes a report or recommendation which will later be released to the attorney general and passed back to the internal supervisor of prosecutors and the role of prosecutors the most critical commission is if the examination that has been processed by the internal Supervisor prosecutor does not show.


The highlight of the 2003 Melbourne International Film Festival was the retrospective of films by famed Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami. Kiarostami was a guest of the festival, and spoke with Geranaz Moussavi on 31July at the Melbourne home of Firooz Malekzadeh, who was the cinematographer for several of Kiarostami's early short films that were shown at the festival.


Title of the thesis : "Dynamics of cost and return of principal crops in Madhya Pradesh." Student's Name : Miss Aruna Parajuli Father's Name : D/o Mr. Khagendra Raj Parajuli Permanent Address : House no. 24, Bindhyabasini Marg, Miruwa-2, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal Name of advisor : Dr. N.K. Raghuwanshi Address (Office) : Head of Department, Deptt. of Agril. Economics & Farm Management, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) 482004 Degree awarded : Master of Science in Agriculture Year of award of : 2013


By using differential thermal analysis, metallography and X-ray examination the experimental phase diagram was constructed by studying only a limited number of key alloys selected from the predicted Tb-Si phase diagram [96Bul]. Tb 5 Si 3 , Tb 5 Si 4 , TbSi, TbSi 2-b and TbSi 2-a were confirmed to exist. The Tb 5 Si 3 and TbSi intermetallics were shown to melt congruently at 1830 and 1820°C. respectively. Tb 5 Si 4 . TbSi 2- b and TbSi 2 form in peritectic reactions at 1775, 1638 ± 4 and 1517 ± 3°C, respectively. The eutectic reactions occur at 1110, 1752 ± 2 and 1222 ± 6 C. Compositions of eutectic mixtures for the first and the third ones were not specially determined. Composition of the second one was estimated to be at 48 to 49 at.% Si. The Tb-Si diagram resulting from this investigation corresponds well to the predicted one.


The period from 1992 saw Ghana, under pressure from both internal and external sources, embark on the transition to democratic rule. Despite the strides, an issue that has the potential to undermine Ghana's liberal democratic credentials has centred on the process of political party financing. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the existing political party financing system in Ghana is negatively impacting on electoral competition and the country's democratic process. Drawing on secondary sources, this paper shows that, given that it is political resources that drive party vibrancy and competitiveness, a level playing field in terms of public financing of political parties can help in electoral competition and the promotion of the democratic process in Ghana. However, the importance of transparency and accountability, as well as a legal framework that monitors, denounces, sanctions and punishes abuse in the use of public funds, would be crucial if success is to be attained.


Cerebral Malaria (CM) is a severe complication resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection. This condition has usually been associated with cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions, being the retinopathy the most serious consequence resulting from the disease. The pathophysiology mechanisms underlying the complications of CM remain incompletely understood. Several experimental models of CM have already been developed in order to clarify those mechanisms related to this syndrome. In this context, the present work has been performed to investigate which possible neurochemistry alteration could be involved in the CM pathology. Male and female susceptible C57Bl/6 mice (6-8 week old) infected with ≈10 parasitized red blood cells (PbA), showed a low parasitaemia (15-20%), with evident clinical signs as: respiratory failure, ataxia, hemiplegia, and coma followed by animal death. In parallel to the clinical characterization of CM, retinal analysis demonstrated that the disease led to a decrease in the glutathione levels with 2 days post inoculation. However, this decrease was not so evident with the course of the infection (4o and 6o days postinfection). We further demonstrated that the increase in the glutathione levels during the infection is followed by the increase in the H-glutamate uptake rate (4o and 6o days post-infection), suggesting that CM condition causes an up-regulation of the transporters systems. Immunofluorescence data demonstrated that besides the activity increases, CM condition also stimulated the increase of the xCG system expression in the retinal tissue. Furthermore, our findings also highlighted that in the retina the neurochemistries alterations occurs in a manner independent on the establishment of an inflammatory response, once TNF-α levels and NOS-2 expression were altered only in the cerebral tissue.


Objective To study the clinical effect of omeprazole triple therapy in children with peptic ulcer. Methods210 cases of children with peptic ulcer were randomly divided into test group and control group,each of 105 cases. Test group used omeprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin; control group used ranitidine,amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Compared clinical results,Hp eradication conditions and adverse events a month after the treatment. Results After treatment,the total effective rate of test group was 98. 1% significantly higher than 91. 4% of control group,the Hp eradication rate of test group was 88. 6% significantly higher than 59. 0% of control group,the differences were statistically significant( P 0. 05). There were no complications of two groups,fewer adverse reactions. Conclusion The omeprazole triple therapy has the advantages of higher healing rate of ulcer,radical rate of Hp and obvious clinical effect. It can be used as one of the best way to treat the pediatric peptic ulcer.


Abstract : The theme is based upon the Army's need to coordinate airspace. Data were gathered using a literature search. The Airspace above the combat zone is used by all services and by all combat branches within the Army. History indicates control of the airspace became a problem during World War I. Between World War I and World War II new concepts for integration of air into the land battle scheme were developed. Korea brought new innovations and produced combat experience in the helicopter for the Army. The Vietnam War produced the concept of Airmobility that futher increased airspace control problems. There is no current agreement on joint use of the airspace. Doctrine provides for an Airspace Coordination Element (ACE) that, currently, is not authorized on most TOEs. The ACE, although a workable solution, is restricted by being only a planning and management facility with limited capability. Air Defense Artillery has recommended consolidation of selected equipment with aviation to help solve the airspace problem.


The present study describes the antimicrobial activity of 3 extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. (Molokhia) (Tiliaceae), collected from Doğancı, Güzelyurt, North Cyprus. Successive petroleum ether, methanol and ethyl acetate+water extracts of C. olitorius leaves were tested (in vitro) for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar-well diffusion assay. All extracts displayed varied levels of antibacterial or antifungal activity. The petroleum ether extract exhibited antibacterial effect against all of the bacteria tested and the diameter of zones varied between 14-20 mm. The petroleum ether extract of C. olitorius leaves presented a good activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica, 20 mm, 19 mm and 19 mm, respectively. The ethyl acetate+water extract presented a good activity against Geotrichum candidum and Botrytis cinerea, 20 mm and 12 mm, respectively. The results obtained in this study appear to confirm the antibacterial and antifungal potential of C. olitorius leaves, as well as its usefulness in the treatment of diseases that may be as a result of infection.


Optical bistability, limiting, and other pulse shaping effects are observed in compact Fabry–Perot resonators containing SF6. The gas, in cells as short as 1 mm, is excited with smooth 100‐ns transversely excited atmospheric CO2 laser pulses. The optical nonlinearity responsible for these effects is well described by a four‐state kinetic model with unsaturable excited state absorption.


In order to solve the problem of fouling organisms blocking water exchange for deep-water cage and thus caused great difficulty in net changing and cleaning, developing submarine net cleaning machine and improving its cleaning efficiency were the important supporting facilities and technology for deep-water cage culture.Through analysis of operation principle of high-pressure submarine net cleaning machine, the structure geometric parameters calculation expression of nozzle were deduced based on energy equation.Optimal pressure and flow in high pressure water generating system were selected, and aperture/slenderness ratio of nozzle was calculated.Hydraulic parameters were calculated.These parameters supplied theoretical support for optimizing the structure of net washing machine.


In this work, radiation transport in high intensity discharge lamps is calculated by using 3D ray tracing techniques. The volume of the discharge is meshed into small cuboids elements. From each cell, a number of probe rays are chosen to sample the radiation for different directions, and then discretized radiation transport equation is solved along each ray. Local thermodynamic equilibrium for a cylindrical symmetric discharge is assumed. Local properties of the plasma are calculated by means of the equilibrium laws using pressure and temperature profile as input data. Local line profiles are calculated by taking into account Stark and Van der Waals pressure broadening mechanisms. Validation of the model is achieved by performing calculations in the case of well-known high pressure mercury lamps (1 to 5 bars).


Foreword by Albert R. Jonsen Introduction: The Many Meanings of AIDS by Eric T. Juengst and Barbara A. Koenig Interpreting Our Knowledge of AIDS Naming the AIDS Virus Causal Explanations of AIDS Explaining AIDS: A Case Study Ethics and the Language of AIDS Making Contact: The AIDS Plays The AIDS Epidemic: A Phenomenological Analysis off the Infectious Body The Clinical Experience of AIDS Duties, Fears and Physicians Physician Response to a New, Lethal, and Presumably Infectious Disease: Medical Residents and AIDS Epidemic in San Francisco Life-Sustaining Treatment in Patients with AIDS: Challenges to Traditional Decision Making Law, Ethics and Advance Directive Regarding the Medical Care of AIDS Patients AIDS and the Allocation of Intensive Care Unit Beds AIDS and the Duty to Inform Others AIDS and the Public Health Restrictive Public Health Measures and AIDS: An Ethical Analysis The Concept of Discrimination and the Treatment of People with AIDS Quarantine in the AIDS Epidemic Health Care Professionals and the Potential for Iatrogenic Transmission of AIDS: An Ethical Analysis AIDS: Ethical, Legal and Public Policy Implications Coercive and Voluntary Policies in the AIDS Epidemic Bibliography Index


The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between the determining factors and loyalty intention among cooperative members' towards Consumer Co-operatives in Malaysia. Drawing on the deterministic approach that visualizes human to behave, act rationally and in a predictable manner under the influence of the predetermined factors, intention and behavior therefore can be forecasted and managed when the underlying determining factors are identified and explained. This research addresses five (5) variables as the determining factors in the attempt to predict loyalty intention among co-operative members' towards Consumer Co-operatives. Three (3) of the variables were derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior, a renowned theory, highlighted on the reason people act in accordance upon knowing the reasons. These variables are Attitude, Group Norm and Switching Cost. Two (2) additional variables, namely Trust and Service Quality were also incorporated due to the abundance of repetitive occurrence as predictors in the loyalty intention literatures. Questionnaires were distributed using simple random technique to the co-operative members' in the Consumer Co-operatives listed in the Top 100 Co-operatives Index for the year 2014. 407 completed questionnaires were returned for the purpose of analyzing using SPSS. The findings of this research have demonstrated that all five (5) variables were significantly correlated and predicted loyalty intention among co-operative members' towards Consumer Co-operatives where Attitude became the strongest predictor. It can be concluded that all these determining factors contributed successfully in predicting loyalty intention among co-operative members' towards their Consumer Co-operatives. The implication of this research are discussed especially in encouraging various stakeholders in stimulating vital strategies of increasing and strengthening loyalty intention among co-operative members' towards Consumer Co-operatives in Malaysia.


The effective acquisition and statistics of the energy efficiency data of operational ships are of great importance to accurately know the energy efficiency level and emission of the ship for the Ship Management Administration. It is also needed for making the policy of energy saving and emission reduction. The energy efficiency data acquisition and management software is developed based on the above situation. The data, which is the essential part of the software, is determined by making investigations of the ships, shipping companies and the Maritime Safety Administration. And the acquisition methods of the ship fuel consumption, mileage and cargo data are mainly studied. Finally, the general framework, the database framework, and function as well as the main interfaces of the software are designed aiming at the various demands of the users. And this software is developed by using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 and the Active Server Page.net. The test results of the software show that the software has the following functions: (1)Collecting, inputting and inquiring the efficiency data of the operational ships can be finished; (2)The energy efficiency of the single and multi-voyages can be calculated and analyzed; (3)The energy efficiency of different ships, shipping routes, shipping companies, main engines, ship design companies and the Marine Check Organization can be analyzed and compared; (4)The annual report of ship energy efficiency can be generated automatically.


Near-infrared Maize haploid identification technology enables the automatic identifying haploid seed efficiently. However, it is likely that the same identification task may degeneration another equipment when in large-scale applications. From the view of the noise influence in spectra, a method based on feature domain space transfer is proposed. The feature space of the current device is rectified by the feature domain space of the reference device. Through the transfer of the better feature space, the identification performance is able to be improved. The results of the proposed method show it improves the average identification accuracy referring to the results of without transfer, when the classifier is back propagation neural network (BPNN). It also performs better than the method of the spectral domain transfer of piecewise direct standardization (PDS).


Guizao 2, a new soybean variety developed by systematic breeding, showed the high-yielding charactersistic(2.24t/hm 2 in region trial) with 16.5g of 100 grain weight, 42.48% of protein content and 19.59% of fat content. The grains are good looking and the plants have storng tolerance to drought and low soil fertility, and strong resistance to pests, and wide adaptability. It's suitable for monoculture, and inter cropping. It can be planted in spring or autumn especially in the area, with drought and infertility soil.


During the popular uprisings in 2011, Yemen's youth stood at the forefront of political change, but now they're all but forgotten. As the international community scrambles to find a new entry point into political talks with opposing parties vying to write Yemen's future, the country's youth grow increasingly desperate. With few opportunities in the job market, and financial as well as security challenges standing in the way of higher education, youth are often forced to join militias and fight at the front. As violence continues and the humanitarian situation worsens, the United Nations and Western governments must continue to insist on a political solution to Yemen's conflict. But as the Yemeni nationstate in terms of national identity, institutions, and territory continues to fragment, with local actors creating new social, political, and economic realities on the ground, it becomes ever more difficult to imagine a political solution to Yemen's conflict. Although Yemen's transitional process is now widely recognized as having failed, the outcomes of the National Dialogue Conference (NDC) are nevertheless viewed as a political platform with the potential to unite Yemenis. That potential is mitigated by the fact that the NDC outcomes have contributed to the escalation of violence, making them, at best, a component of an effective political solution. For that reason, the international community should incorporate a bottom-up approach to peacebuilding into their Yemen policy, which focuses on those NDC outcomes that are in fact consensual and create opportunities for young people.


Purpose To present a rare case of bilateral peripapillary retinal leukemic infiltration associated with papilledema without retrobulbar optic nerve involvement in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods This was a retrospective case report. Results A 24-year-old man with T-cell ALL and 2-month history of papilledema presented to our department with reduction of visual acuity in the left eye. Visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and hand movements in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed grade 3 papilledema, bilateral peripapillary leukemic infiltration, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging did not show any sign of cranial mass or optic nerve involvement. Pulse steroid therapy and oral acetazolamide was started. At day 18, visual acuity improved to 20/40 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye, while papilledema improved to grade 1 and hemorrhages regressed. Conclusions To our knowledge, there is no other report of peripapillary leukemic infiltration in the absence of retrobulbar optic nerve involvement. We suspect that papilledema might have facilitated peripapillary retinal infiltration due to altered vascular permeability. The reverse could also be possible: leukemic infiltration leading to increase in vascular permeability may also contribute to papilledema.


Yak ear fibroblasts were cultured in 150mL·L-1 fetal bovine serum(FBS) with different culture media. The effect of different refrigeration procedure and the change of chromosome of fibroblasts culture in vitro was analys. The result shoused that the cells erupted in 6 days, and confluented together in 14 days. No obvious different effects were found on the differents base media.(P0.05). Under -20℃ condition, refrigeration time had a siguificant effect(P0.01) on cell growth. Chromosome karyotype analyze indicated that after 3 and 12 passage in vitro culture no abnormal karytype was found. It could be used for nuclear transfer operation and othe study.


Durability and reliability performance is one of the most important concerns of ground vehicle systems, which usually experience cyclic fatigue loadings and eventually fail over time. Creep and oxidation caused damages at elevated temperature conditions further shorten the life of a system and make the life assessment even more complex. One of the key challenges posed to design engineers is to find a way to accelerate the durability tests for products with multiple failure modes and to validate designs within development cycle to satisfy customer's and market's requirements. The accelerated testing procedures for products with single failure modes have been studied for several decades and essentially well established even though some fundamental issues are still unsolved. By contrast, much is needed to do for the accelerated testing procedure of products with multiple failure modes and their interactions. In this paper, a new accelerated testing and data analysis procedure suitable for products with linear homoscedastic data pattern is proposed. Examples related to durability life of high temperature components with single failure modes such as fatigue, creep, and oxidation are provided to demonstrate the procedure developed. Durability life assessment of components with multiple failure modes is also investigated and demonstrated with creep-fatigue and fatigue-oxidation damage analyses.


A material containing from 0.1 to 10 parts of polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer per 1 part of natural cork is provided as a substitute for natural cork in stoppers for liquid food or wine bottles.


Reading Michael Asher, Kunstraum Wien, essay by Martin Fritz, (Kunstraum, Vienna, 1999). Michael Asher, essays by Ulrich Loock, Birgit Pelzer, Dieter Schwarz, (Kunsthalle Bern, 1994). Michael Asher, essays by Frederik Leen and Birgit Pelzer, (Palais des Beaux Arts, Brussels, 1994). Reust, Hans Rudolf, 'On Differences in the Place of the Work', Parkett, No. 35, (1993), pp. 149-156. Michael Asher, essays by Frederic Leen, Abigail Solomon Godeau, (Le Consortium, Dijon, 1992). Michael Asher, essays by Birgit Pelzer, (Mus?e National d'Art Moderne, Centre George Pompidou, Paris, 1991). Writings 1973-1983 On Works 1969-1979, written by Michael Asher in collaboration with and edited by Benjamin H.D. Buchloh. (Halifax: The Nova Scotia College of Art and Design; Los Angeles: The Museum of Modern Art Los Angeles, 1983). Michael Asher: exhibitions in Europe 1972-1977, essays by Benjamin H. D. Buchloh and Rudi Fuchs, (Stedelijk van Abbe Museum, Eindhoven, 1980). Anti-Illusion: Procedures?Materials, edited by James Monte and Marcia Tucker, (The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1969).


This paper reports new Ordovician paleomagnetic results from the Aksu-Kalpin-Bachu area of the Tarim Block.Based on the systematic study of rock magnetism and paleomagnetism .with limestone,argillaceous limestone,and argillaceous sandstone specimens from 44 sampling sites,all the samples could be divided into two types:the predominant magnetic minerals of the first type are hematite and subordinate magnetite.For the specimens from this type, characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) could generally be isolated by demagnetization temperatures larger than 600 ℃;we assigned this ChRM as component A;whilst magnetite is the predominant magnetic mineral of the second type;progressive demagnetization yielded another ChRM (component B) with unblocking temperatures of 550~570 ℃.The component A obtained from the majority of Ordovician specimens has dual polarity and a negative fold test result;we interpreted it as a remagnetization component acquired during the Cenozoic period. The component B can only be isolated from some Middle-Late Ordovician specimens with unique normal polarity,and has a positive fold test result at 95% confidence.The corresponding paleomagnetic pole of this characteristic component is at 40.7°S,183.3°E with dp/dm=4.8°/6.9°and is in great difference with the available post-Late Paleozoic paleopoles for the Tarim Block, indicating that the characteristic component B could be primary magnetization acquired in the formation of the rocks.The new Ordovician paleomagnetic result shows that the Tarim Block was located in the low-to intermediate-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere during the Middle-Late Ordovician period,and is very likely to situate,together with the South China Block,in the western margin of the Australian-Antarctic continents of East Gondwana. However,it may have subjected to a large northward drift and clockwise rotation after the Middle-Late Ordovician period, which resulted in the separation of Tarim from the East Gondwanaland and subsequent crossing of the paleo-equator;by the Late Carboniferous period the Tarim Block may have accreted to the southern margin of the Altaids.


We show that the hypercomplete $\infty$-topos associated with any replete topos is Postnikov complete, positively answering a question of Bhatt and Scholze. Along the way, we construct Milnor sequences for sheaves of spaces on replete topoi. As a corollary, we generalize a result of To\"en on affine stacks.


Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the lignocellulosic by-product from the oil palm plantation. Without efficient management, EFB could be problematic to the environment. This study aims to develop the microbial consortium for an efficient biodegradation of EFB through windrow composting. Three microbial isolates, Bacillus licheniformis P7, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UMAS1002, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa IP2 were tested on their ability to degrade EFB based on the parameter time of incubation for 14 days and parameters pH and percentage of inoculums for 10 days. The reducing sugar produced was determined by using Dinitrosalicylic (DNS) method. The best bacterial consortium was inoculated every 10 days of 30-days of EFB composting with uninoculated compost as control. On day 30, the moisture content of inoculated compost is 109.82% with dry mass 0.478 g. The pH is alkaline at 9.68 with bacterial count at 229 × 107 CFU/μl, both lower than control. The reducing sugar produced is 0.477 mg/ml, higher than control and Germination Index (GI) at 1.12 is lower than control. Bacterial consortium AB, consisting of B.amyloliquefaciens UMAS1002 and B.licheniformis P7 is the best microbial consortium developed for EFB degradation. Inoculation of this consortium into EFB compost has less effect in EFB degradation.


Analytic Simulation is an effective approach to study and analyze complex system. As a peer methodology to experiment and theory, it is used more and more widely in the area of defense and economy. With the in-depth development of the applications of analytic simulation, to shorten the time of simulation run has become an urgent job. The characteristics of analytic simulations were discussed, the shortages of current HLA-based solution using distributed network were pointed out, and the latent parallelisms of analytic simulation were analyzed. A layered analytic simulation architecture based on parallel processing was put forward. This solution can exploit the parallelism of the analytic simulation applications and support them well, while the layered architecture forms a clear separation between the functionality of each layer, resulting in easier to maintain and upgrade.


The present invention relates to a transport vehicle of a carriage having an opening and a loading plate for receiving said rolling carriage. The vehicle also includes a boarding aid device and unloading of the carriage comprising in particular a hook, a base and a winch. The hook is fixed by a reversible fastening device attached to the base to the vehicle loading platform. The introduction of a carriage member in a hook opening triggers the closing hook on this part and the release by the reversible fastening device of the hook of the base. The hook secured to the carriage is pulled by a flexible link winding in a winch mounted in the vehicle. Once the hook is secured on the carriage, the ambulance driver only has to start the winding of the flexible tie around the winch to board the truck in the vehicle. The securing operation is reversible and the hook releases the part of the carriage and secures again on the base during the landing of the carriage.


FengYang folk song, a special musical shape, coherences middle original's ballad (seedling song) of the Han nationality. It has come into being in a especially clime in Ming Dynasty. It has been gradually filter into most kinds of the musician, such as fork song drama melody, etc. It has been spreaded abroad rapidly. Of course , the diffusion must also have been related to the policy of emigration of Ming Dynasty.


Recent eruptions such as the Kilauea 2018 (fissure) eruption on Hawaii are the result of magma intruding into Earth’s crust and ascending towards the surface. Magma is dominantly transported, through the shallow crust in form of vertical sheet intrusions (dykes). Even though dyke propagation and emplacement has been monitored with geodetic and geophysical methods, direct observations of subsurface intrusion processes remain inaccessible due to the hazardous nature of active volcanic and igneous systems. Therefore, we studied the extinct and eroded volcanic system of the Chachahuén volcanic complex (CVC) in Argentina to investigate the scale and physical mechanisms of magma transport in volcanic and igneous plumbing systems.

The Chachahuén volcanic complex is located in the northern part of the Neuquén Basin, east of the southern volcanic zone (SVZ) of the Andes. A decline in volcanic activity during the Quaternary and erosion have exposed the shallow part of the Miocene CVC’s plumbing system, including two major vertical sheet intrusions: (1) the Great Dyke and (2) the Sosa Dyke.

The objective of this ongoing study is to characterize the mechanisms of magma transport within the two exposed dykes to better understand the physical processes during their emplacement. We apply a multiscale approach combining field work and state-of-the-art analytical techniques, i.e., drone/ground-based photogrammetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS), with traditional geological methods, i.e., microstructural analysis and igneous petrology. Thus, we can investigate the effect of magma rheology (small-scale) on the outer shape and morphology of the dykes (large-scale).

Our results using high-resolution 3D outcrop models show a segmentation of the investigated dykes. Each of these dyke segments shows blunt ends. This suggests either the emplacement of a highly viscous magma or a weak brittle host rock. Flow features identified with AMS analysis indicate a dominantly lateral magma transport within the dykes. To estimate the magma viscosity during emplacement FTIR (H2O content of the initial melt), and microstructural analysis (for crystallinity) are performed at the moment. These analyses in combination with a map of the host rock and, the dyke morphologies, will help to characterize the dominantly controlling mechanism(s) of magma emplacements in the CVC. Finally, the new findings from this project will contribute to the general understanding on how the physical properties of the magma affect the shape of magma bodies and magma flow in the Earth’s shallow crust.


Contouring The tone of the voice can be very greatly Artificial modified by the form of the denture which Dentures. ¡s -n moutp jn one case re_ cently I found that the contour of the denture back of the anterior teeth was not correct. I removed the denture, built on wax at the point indicated, removed some opposite the cuspid teeth, and by a little manipulation was able to correct the defect. The practical side of this subject con sists in constructing dentures that will not by reason of their' form or contour interfere with normal sound production.— J. H. Prothero, in Review.


Aryloxypropanolamine plays an important role in several biological activities. It shows multiple actions such as β-blocking, anxiolytic, antihypertensive and inhibition of cytochrome p450. A series of ten aryloxypropanolamine derivatives 6a–6j were synthesized and evaluated for anti-diabetic activity. Two compounds 6b to 6g have shown good anti-diabetic activity. All synthesized compounds (6a-6j) were evaluated for their anti-diabetic activity in STZ induced diabetes model of Wistar rats.


The article presents a model of development the process of junior schoolchildrens socialization in the children's choreographic studio. The detailed content of each functional units of this model are disclosed. The pedagogical conditions successful functioning of the model is summarized and the results of its implementation in the activity of the choreographic studio are marked out.


The paper gives a general description of the harbour accommodation afforded by the port for general cargoes and special cargoes, dealing with the subject under the following headings : Size of vessels. Depth of water required . Width of waterways. Length and width of wharves. Size of sheds. Location of berths. Road and rail access. Mechanical equipment. Special cargoes, including wheat, wool, meat, timber, coal and oil. Statistics of the port's trade and wharf facilities. Future development of the port.


The magnetic properties of granular superconductor—insulator composites were investigated. The composites were random composition of the YBa2 Cu3 O 7-δ (YBCO) high-temperature superconductor and Pb(Sc0.sTa0.5)O3 (PST) ferroelectric insulator. The composites exhibited lower superconducting volume ratio than the YBCO content. For samples with YBCO content low enough no global (the whole sample) and local (separated grains) superconductivity was observed. The observed decay of the superconductivity, lowering of the critical temperature, and the increase in number of paramagnetic centres as PST content increases are explained assuming reaction among YBCO and PST phases and possible formation of an additional ones, which did not exist in the initial powders.


The crystal structure of deoxynupharidine hydrobromide, C15H23ON,HBr, has been determined by a three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The crystals are orthorhombic, a= 13·886, b= 12·807, c= 8·463 A, Z= 4, space group P212121. The intensities were measured with a Hilger and Watts automatic four-circle diffractometer using Mo-Kα radiation. The structure was solved by the programme SEARCHER, for the automatic heavy-atom analysis, and refined by full-matrix least-squares calculations to a final R of 0·047 for 1565 independent observed reflexions. The absolute configuration was determined by the anomalous dispersion method.


Abstract Undrained cyclic triaxial tests are performed on specimens of Ottawa sand to study the evolution of fabric during undrained cyclic loading. Isotropic consolidation tests and triaxial drained compression or extension tests are conducted before or after cyclic loading to characterize the state of fabric indirectly. The effects of stress path, cyclic stress ratio, cyclic number, and initial fabric on fabric evolution during undrained cyclic loading are investigated.


In order to improve the performance of missile guidance law,a new fuzzy extended proportion guidance law was researched.The line of sight(LOS) angular rate and the LOS angular acceleration were used as the controller inputs.By means of normalizing the inputs and fuzzy logic calculation,the instruction regulating factors can be acquired.According to the max-normal acceleration and instruction of regulating factors,a guidance instruction was obtained.Compared with traditional PNG laws,the simulation demonstrates that the fuzzy controller acquires higher impact accuracy with lower control.


This paper introduces a novel concept for customer load scheduling in the Smart Grid (SG). The concept is based on the forthcoming internet of things (IoT). Approximate optimization algorithms are deduced for optimum customer load scheduling, maximization of electric power suppliers performance, and fairness in scheduling customers load. Using these approximate optimization algorithms as constraints, some loads are given priority. Other loads are scheduled in order to control the maximum demand load and electricity bills. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms, we utilize the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Simulations are carried out and the impact on reducing the peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR), the electricity bills, and ensuring fairness in customers load schedules are investigated. Simulation results establish that our algorithms significantly cut down on electricity bills, maximizes utility performance, and deliver fairness in customers load schedules..


Figure 1: Artecoll after 10 years: each 40μ-microsphere is still encapsulated by a macrophage. Fibroblasts have produced broad collagen bands, which give the permanent implant a soft rubberlike consistency Ten Year Artecoll GL-NL. a) Injectables: When collagen injections for wrinkle correction and lip augmentation became fashionable in the early 1980ies, dermatologists and plastic surgeons quickly realized that they did not last for 2 years beneath facial wrinkles, as promised by the manufacturer, but their positive effects rather vanished within 3 months. In order to prolong the effectiveness of collagen-based dermal fillers, a mixture with highly tissuecompatible and non-biodegradable PMMA-microspheres was suggested and tested in pre-clinical studies at the University of Frankfurt/Main Germany in 1985 [1]. Subsequently, after positive results in a limited number of volunteer patients, European clinical trials were initiated [2] and a new permanent injectable wrinkle filler Artecoll® has been marketed in Europe since 1994 (Figure 1)[3], in Brazil since 2009 [4], and in China since 2002 [5]. In the US, next-generation product ArteFill® received FDA-approval in 2006 as the first and only permanent dermal filler (now Bellafill®) [6].


A b-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices such that every color class contains a vertex that has neighbors in all other classes. The b-chromatic number of $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that $G$ has a b-coloring with $k$ colors. Javadi and Omoomi ("On b-coloring of cartesian product of graphs", Ars Combinatoria 107 (2012) 521-536) proved that the b-chromatic number of $K_n \times K_n$ (the Cartesian product of two complete graphs on $n$ vertices) is in the set $\{2n-3, 2n-2\}$ and conjectured that the exact value is $2n-3$ for all $n \ge 5$. We give counterexamples to this conjecture for $n=5$, $n=6$ and $n=7$.


With the growing popularity of API-driven multiservice application (mashup) development, the burgeoning web APIs have left developers drowning in the sea of web API selections. Matching developers with the most appropriate APIs is the key to improving user satisfaction and promoting more popular web applications. As a result, more and more researchers pay attention to web API recommender systems based on collaborative filtering. However, employing collaborative filtering to recommend APIs is challenging due to the severe sparsity of mashup and API interactions. To address this problem, we propose a probabilistic generative model, called the Binary-API Topic model (BAT), to parameterize mashups and APIs. Technically, BAT is equipped with a mechanism to extract binary-APIs and predict unknown pairwise interactions. To improve generality and capture more relevance from a limited number of interactions, we learn binary-API topics by directly modeling the generation of API co-occurrence patterns across the repository (all mashup collections from programmableweb.com). The main advantage of BAT is that it preserves API co-occurrence patterns in model learning and exploits the rich global relevance. Finally, through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that BAT can achieve the highest performance on the sparse real-world data set.


Soil classifiers have taken their lead from biologists but have not produced an internationally accepted system even though the WRB is supported by the IUSS. More recently Mazaheri et al. (1995a, 1995b) have tried to introduce Fuzzy logic into soil classification. They achieved a small amount of success when their technique was applied to selected soils in Australia but failed when applied to other soils. Like most classifiers before them, they applied their technique to whole soils. Since soils are extremely variable and do not show homology of their constituent horizons (FitzPatrick 1988) more attention should be given to identifying horizons and less effort in trying to produce a hierarchical system for whole soils. Horizon Designation The underlying concept is that soil properties are coordinates, (Crowther, 1953) which intersect in space to create reference points (horizons) which can be thought of as forming a universe of points with varying distances one from the other. The horizons are arranged in groups based on one or more conspicuous properties. The groups are given names ending with 'on'. Thus all the pale coloured upper horizons form a group of albons with the symbol 'Ab'. The various individual horizons within the albons are given the symbols 'Aba', 'Abb', etc. At present it is not possible to apply this mathematically to all situations thus many of the groups are created subjectively. The system attempts to place unknown horizons within the universe of points based upon a calculated score within Excel. Thus the basic theoretical units are reference points, which have fixed values for each property created on coordinate principles. The identification is based on the concept of the closest match or Euclidian distance between the unknown and fixed reference values. It should be stressed that this system uses single fixed values and not value ranges as used in other systems. This allows a certain degree of overlap or fuzziness. These situations present many philosophical difficulties and also problems with regard to nomenclature. Should horizons be named on the basis of their polygenetic development? At this stage in the development of Pedology, it seems that an almost completely pragmatic approach should be adopted, based on the dominance of the property or properties of the horizons. These properties may be continuing to form at present or they may be inherited partially or completely from a previous phase of soil formation.


By investigating the natural conditions,the production environment,regional superiority and other aspects,the current situation and advantages to develop free,green and organic food were analyzed.Aiming at the exist problems,the six countermeasures were discussed.They were as follows: increasing propaganda,strengthening environmental management in agriculture,enhancing base instruction,in creasing policies support,creating top brand and perfecting the system of detection.


The aim of the study was to investigate how women exposed to violence in close relationships portray their experiences in autobiographies, to generate understanding of what is significant in their choice to stay or leave the relationship. To investigate this phenomenon, the following questions have been used as starting points: (1) How are the women's inclination to report the perpetrator described? (2) How are the turning point that causes women to leave the relationship described? (3) How are the social services and the judiciary's help to the women described? The intention has been to investigate how four women form their experiences from a relationship where violence has occurred, focusing on what makes women stay in the relationship or leave the relationship. Examples and quotes from the autobiographies have been analyzed using theories as well as relevant research on the subject of intimate partner abuse. This study shows that only the woman herself can take the decision to leave the violent relationship. If the woman has normalized and internalized the violence and developed a traumatic band to the man, she has to go through different stages of the breakup process before she can leave the man, when the traumatic band between them finally has been broken. (Less)


Multi-core processors are already prevalent in general-purpose computing systems with manufacturers currently offering up to a dozen cores per processor. Real-time and embedded systems adopting such processors gain increased computational capacity, improved parallelism, and higher performance per watt. However, using multi-core processors in real-time applications also introduces new challenges and opportunities for efficient scheduling and task synchronization. In this dissertation, we study this problem, characterize the design space, and develop an analytical and systems framework for multi-core real-time scheduling.
Exploiting the co-located nature of processor cores, the general principle adopted in this thesis is to statically partition tasks among processor cores, co-allocate synchronizing tasks when possible, and introduce limited inter-core task migration and synchronization for improving system utilization as necessary. We model the multi-core real-time scheduling problem as a bin-packing problem and develop an object splitting algorithm for scheduling tasks on multi-core processors. We develop Highest-Priority Task Splitting (HPTS) to schedule independent sequential tasks on multi-core processors. We then analyze the overheads of inter-core task synchronization and provide mechanisms to efficiently allocate synchronizing sequential tasks on multi-cores by co-locating such tasks. We then generalize this approach to provide early solutions for scheduling parallel real-time tasks using the fork-join model. Next, we develop mechanisms to use such techniques in mixed-criticality systems. Finally, we describe the distributed resource kernel framework, where we demonstrate the practical feasibility of our approach.
The results of this dissertation contribute to a system that can efficiently utilize multi-core processors to predictably execute periodic tasks with well-defined deadlines and analytically guarantee such deadlines. We provide a utilization bound of 65% for independent sequential tasks, demonstrate up to 50% reduction in the required number of cores using synchronization-aware allocation, and prove a 3.42 resource augmentation bound for parallel real-time task scheduling.


The main work of this thesis can be summarised as: • An implementation of canonical quantisation to the covariant and gauge-invariant approach to cosmological perturbations. Standard results are reproduced. We discuss the advantages of this formalism over non-covariant and non gauge-invariant formalisms . • A characterisation of linear gravitational waves in a covariant way is achieved. The evolution equations for the electric and magnetic parts of the Weyl tensor are shown to be of different order. In particular, the electric part appears to have a third order evolution equation, while the magnetic part has a second order evolution equation. • It is shown that the "silent" nature of the evolution equations for for irrotational dust can be extended to the case of vortical dust. This may be relevant for the endpoints of gravitational collapse since the vorticity begins to grow as soon as density contrast becomes non-linear, as is the case in galaxies, showing that the irrotational silent universes are unstable. The main problem in accepting such vortical silent universes lies in proving integrability of the equations which has not been achieved so far, even in the irrotational case. • A review of issues in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is given, focussing particularly on points such as ergodicity, decaying modes, foreground contamination, recombination, spectral distortions and polarisation of the CMB. • A review of methods in gravitational lensing is presented, together with a hierarchy of distance measures in cosmology, forming an introduction to the following two chapters. • A common belief that photon conservation implies that the all-sky averaged area


Staphylococcal γ -hemolysin (Hlg) is a two-component cytolysin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Hlg is illustrative molecules for the study of the assembly and membrane insertion of transmembrane proteins and have a unique characteristic of being composed of two separate water-soluble proteins, Hlg1 of 34kDa and Hlg2 of 32kDa (1) . We have been revealed two components of Hlg assemble alternately on the membrane to form ring-shaped heteroheptameric transmembrane pores in a stochastic manner with subunit stoichiometries of 3:4 and 4:3 (2), (3) . However, three-dimensional (3-D) structure of Hlg pore has not been clarified yet. In this study, we performed construction of 3-D structure of the Hlg pore by using CAD, based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images taken at various angles. Furthermore, quantification analysis of the subunit mismatch in the pore revealed that several subunits were arranged out of order from the regular heptagon, which will be due to the unique characteristic of heteroheptameric structure. Hlg pores were isolated from Hlg-treated human erythrocytes with sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation after solubilization with SDS at 20°C. The purified pores were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid and examined under a Hitachi electron microscope H-8100 at an acceleration of 100kV. For measurement of subunit mismatch, the centers of each subunit in 60 sample pores were determined with image analysis


Low pressure gases were irradiated by 4 keV electrons in the cryogenic LABCEDE Facility. Experiments were performed with pure O{sub 3}, CO{sub 2}, and N{sub 2}O as well as with these species diluted in nitrogen and argon. The resulting fluorescence was resolved using a cryogenic CVF spectrometer. Emissions from the {nu}{sub 3} vibrational modes were compared to obtain relative excitation rates. Emissions from diatomic fragments were also observed. The induced emissions were monitored with sufficient time resolution to isolate the roles of diffusion and sequential excitation processes. The excitation rates were determined from the rise of the initial slopes of the fluorescence over a wide range of pressures. Modeling shows that even at the low pressures secondary electron excitation dominates primary excitation. The observed rates for ozone are an order of magnitude greater than for CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O. The authors will present excitation rates for the triatomics and their fragments.


The writer considers evidence in the Chapel of San Girolamo in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome, for the date of the discovery of Nero's Domus Aurea in Rome. She asserts that since the grottesche painted on an altarpiece in the chapel are clearly inspired by those in the semi-dome of the Domus Aurea's Room of Achilles on Skyros, the Domus was evidently known by the time of the chapel's decoration. She proposes that the decoration was no later than 1479, which allows a slightly earlier and more secure terminus ante quem for the discovery of the Domus Aurea.


This paper treats development of scientific Chilean medicine during the first republican years of the country, describing particular cases of foreign doctors influence in this process, join it to domestic political environment during the 1810-1840 period, trying to understand what was the motivation for coming of those transcendental people to the Chilean medicine. Using both biographies and immigrants text, a synthesis is made, including the political situation of their origins countries, their fate in Chile and how they became the influence to lead


BACKGROUND
Appropriate diagnosis of sleep problems is crucial, given the importance of sleep in childhood development. The Sleep Self-Report Scale (SSRS) is used to assess children's sleep problems in the United States and Spain, and this study aimed to expand the usability of this instrument by evaluating its validity and reliability in Turkish children.

METHODS
Between March 2019 and December 2019, this methodological, descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 1138 children. The sociodemographic information form and the SSRS were used to collect data. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for data analysis.

RESULTS
The scale consists of 23 items and 3 sub-dimensions. Three sub-dimensions were observed to explain 58.79% of the total variance. All goodness of fit indices were >0.90 and the root mean square error was <0.08 in the confirmatory factor analysis. For the entire scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is .94.

CONCLUSIONS
The SSRS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to identify sleep problems. The factorial structure supported by exploratory and confirmatory analysis examines the most relevant areas of sleep in children.


This paper presents analytical focus the quality of the housing unit contemplating the notion of adequacy of same. The study analyzes the characteristics of urban permanent private households by investigating the factors housing stock of the same. Among the factors investigated are the physical structure of the building and access to basic infrastructure. We built a scale by multivariate analysis technique known as the Degree of Relevance (Grade of Membership-GOM), which examines elements in the context of fuzzy logic (fuzzy sets). The aim of this study is the presentation and application of this technique to microdata from the National Sample households (PNAD) carried into the field by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) related specifically to the years 2001 and 2006. This technique enables the reduction of the dimensionality of the questionnaire survey. You can add as objective the discussion of the problem under Brazilian housing quality and its relation to the process of spatial mobility of population. Given the paradigm of policies centered on housing shortage does not focus on the qualitative deficit, this study quantifies the "quality" of home sizes and costs required for their suitability.


During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.


The Rampart and Hot Springs gold-placer districts comprise the greater part of the triangular area lying between Yukon and Tanana rivers west of longitude 150°. The Rampart district lies north of the divide, on Minook Creek and its tributaries; the Hot Springs district includes the basins of Baker and Patterson creeks, which flow directly into the Tanana, and American Creek, which flows into Fish Lake. The region comprises also the territory lying within a few miles of the Yukon as far west as longitude 154°, which is included in order to cover the basins of Grant, Illinois, and Mason creeks, tributaries of the Yukon from the north below the mouth of the Tanana. During the season of 1911 the writer made a geologic reconnaissance of the region outlined above and learned the facts here presented. This report, however, is intended to present only the results of this study that pertain to the general geology and mining activities of ihe fegion, the more intricate geologic and physiographic problems being left for treatment in a more complete report, now in preparation, which will be accompanied by geologic and topographic maps. GEOGRAPHY.


WHEN, in 1926, Welter edited portions of a text which he briefly designated as "Tabula Exemplorum"' and dated about 1277, and which had previously been briefly noticed by Quetif et Echard, Delisle, and Mr Herbert of the British Museum,2 although he was able to list some twenty-two manuscript copies of it,' he affirmed that the original text had been lost,4 and that it was very probable that it had been preceded by a prologue no longer found in any of the aforesaid copies or derivatives.5 In the summer of 1956, at the Stadtbibliothek in Berne, I found a manuscript6 which may prove to be the missing original and which in any case contains the missing prologue. Its incipit, "Vade ad formicam, 0 piger . . . " (etc., as in note 6) of course diSfers from that in Welter's manuscripts, where the first section on Accidia opens, "Nota accidiosus est sicut canis famelicus .... . Furthermore this prologue presents the work to us in quite a new light. It says: "Iste liber de similitudinibus vel exemplis nominetur." In all of Welter's manuscripts the title is given as "Tabula exemplorum." Or more fully, "Tabula exemplorum de habundancia adaptacionum ad omnem materiam in sermonibus secundum ordinem alphabeti ordinata." Not a word about similitudes, which in the author's own prologue in the Berne manuscript are given precedence over exempla. As he goes on to state: "For this very reason we speak first in this prologue of the ant. And in this book other small creatures are often adduced, but great as examples, that the listener may take thought as to saving his immortal soul, when he sees things extreme and lacking reason make such strong provision for their transitory livelihood."7 The prologue is followed by a table of contents of the topics to be treated, beginning like Welter's text with Accidia and ending like it with Christi ascensio.8


Sneak circuit in switched capacitor resonant converter with controllable output was investigated.Sneak circuit mode in switched capacitor resonant converter and its exciting conditions were discussed.And methods to restrict effect of sneak circuits were proposed.Simulation was made to verify the analysis.It has been demonstrated that output power of the converter was restricted by sneak circuits,and that restrictive methods were useful for improving system response and suppressing interference of power supply and load variation.


Research on silver ore deposit type and geological characteristics of the ore deposit shows that the main genetic types of silver deposits in northeast Shanxi are medium to lower temperature hydrothermal deposit type associated with volcanic process including quartz-vein type silver deposit,volcanic type silver deposit,cryptoexplosion breccia type silver deposit),and contact metasomatism skarn type silver deposit,stratabond silver and manganese ore deposit including oxidation leaching type manganese and silver deposit and iron-manganese stain silver and manganese deposit.The major metallogenic period is Yanshanian.A series of silver deposits were formed through volcanic to sub-volcanic hydrothermal process and oxidation and leaching process on the earth surface.


During the last few years, projector phones have been introduced both at a prototype and commercial level. Nevertheless, the functionality with off-the-self projector phones is very much limited to projecting content on a surface next to the user. In this paper, we examine the basic input phenomenon in order to explore the user experience for further interactive concepts with projector phones.


The present study looked at 106 hotels, not only to empirically investigate the specific use of tangibilisation cues in the hotel sector, but also to establish a tangibilisation cues measurement scale. The results have provided verification that hotels, based on their different service styles, use certain types of tangibilisation cues to engender different effects on consumers' sense of service tangibility. More specifically, the use of physical representation and encounter performance by business hotels is significantly greater than that of resort hotels while the use of word-of-mouth effect and information frequency by resort hotels is significantly greater than that of business hotels. It seems safe to conclude that this study adds to our understanding of the use of tangibilisation cues in the hotel sector and also to the construction of a tangibilisation cues scale which may be applied to other hospitality industries.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the tolerance and effectiveness of cyclopentolate by combining with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) in children undergoing cycloplegic refraction. Methods: A total of 50 children attending pediatric ophthalmology outpatient department were recruited. The study regimen was a freshly prepared 1:1 combination of commercially available cyclopentolate (1%) with 2% HPMC. The control regimen was commercially available aqueous preparation containing cyclopentolate 1%. Each subject received both regimens of drugs, study regimen in one eye and control regimen in the fellow eye, with the eyes randomized to the drug regimen received. A single drop of the regimen was applied twice, at 0–5 min to one eye. The faces pain scale-revised score was recorded on instillation of the drops in each eye. Post-dilated retinoscopy, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and pupil size recorded in each eye at the end of 30 min. Results: Mean age was 11.3 ± 3.2 years (range 6–18 years). The most frequently recorded observation in the pain scale for the control regimen was 6, whereas for study regimen was 3. Mean pupil size was 4.68 mm for the study regimen and 4.56 mm for control regimen at the end of 30 min. Cyclopentolate with HPMC produced comparable reduction in AA (2.2D ± 1.16) compared to plain cyclopentolate (2.1D ± 1.17). Post-dilated retinoscopy values between the study and control regimen did not show any statistically significant difference (P 0.8). Conclusion: Using HPMC, as a vehicle for cyclopentolate eye drops improves tolerance among children and maintains effectiveness.


the mark designing has its own features due to the difference between countries, nationalities, cultures, histories, customs, religious beliefs and the environments. The coiningbof Chinese characters , from very beginning, had the symbolic basis and highly generalized symbolic feature. Mark designing takes coining of Chinese characters as its creating source to seek for the common thinking with the accurate information transformation and visual identification.


Bridgman and Carter (1989) propose that original sin is preoedipal and based on primary narcissism. They also comment upon and criticize Vitz and Gartner's oedipal interpretation of original sin. This reply to Bridgman and Carter makes the following points: We accept the proposal that original sin has its psychological origin in primary narcissism; however, we assume that original sin expresses itself quite differently at different developmental stages in life; oedipally based sinfulness we propose is one of these distinct expressions of original sin. A number of other issues and criticisms raised by Bridgman and Carter are also addressed.


Objective Based on the anatomy and function of the epidural space and intervertebral cartilage,we use the method of epidural block to treat protrusion of lumbar intervertebral discopathy. Methods We puncture up or down the intervertebral space to identify pain or pressure by placing an extradural catheter into the extradural space and then injecting 15-20 ml combined analgesic. Results Seventy-six patients underwent this therapy,twenty-six patients had recovery,forty patients had alleviated symptoms,and no patients had infection. Each patient underwent a therapy cycle of three or four times per week (average fourteen months). Conclusions Using the method of epidural block is an effective method to treat protrusion of lumbar intervertebral discopathy.


This study is concerned with the establishment of diffusion agencies, entities that supply or make an innovation available to the population at large. Although there have been other studies that focus upon this and related aspects of innovation diffusion [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 10; 15; 20; 28], the bulk of research in geography and other social sciences is oriented towards demand aspects of adoption, overlapping the broad topic of consumer behavior [17, 26]. Two types of diffusion agency location processes have been noted [5]. In the mononuclear case, a single propagator or economic entity establishes a number * This paper is part of ongoing research on the diffusion of innovation supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant G-36829). This support is appreciated. We also wish to thank the following: K. Jezierski for typing the manuscript, R. Selling for figures and maps, and J. Foley for a number of useful comments on an early version of this manuscript. 1 It is assumed that these agencies usually are interrelated in at least some (and often many) functional aspects. To the degree that such interrelationship occurs, the diffusion agencies may be seen to comprise a network or system. of diffusion agencies.' The locations of these and the temporal order in which the locations are filled appear to be the result of evaluating and ranking alternatives, primarily employing economic criteria such as profitability. Thus, the process may be seen in terms of a multiple facility location problem. In the polynuclear case each diffusion agency is established by a different entrepreneurial or economic entity (generally in a location corresponding to its own). Here, economic factors appear to operate only in terms of threshold conditions that make agency establishment economically feasible. An equally important aspect of the process is the exposure of the entrepreneur to the innovation, whereby he learns of the method by which a diffusion agency is established and of the possibility and profitability of doing so. Thus, the polynuclear case may be seen as involving the spread of diffusion agencies with adoption of an entrepreneurial innovation (the agency), whereas the mononuclear case involves the spread of diffusion agencies without entrepreneurial adoption.


Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly frequent complication of pregnancy and its presence is related to the development of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is deeply influenced by the circadian rhythm and the misalignment of the maternal rhythm can lead to disturbances in the temporal organization of physiological and metabolic functions. Previously, the association between circadian rhythm disorders and diabetes has been well described in pregnancy. Objective: To investigate the influence of chronotype on the development of maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy in GDM. Methodology: Prospective cohort study of patients with GDM. Clinical data and behavior questionnaires were collected by face- to- face interview. Questionnaires evaluated the chronotype (Morning-Eveningness-Questionnaire- MEQ), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index- PSQI), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale -ESS), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-EDPS) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index- ISI). Sleep diaries (14 days) and actigraphic record (5 to 7 days) were obtained. Results: Overall, 305 2nd to 3rd trimester GDM patients were evaluated. Eighty-nine GDM patients completed the sleep diary and 53 performed a valid actigraphic registry. Amongst these, 49.5% were identified as morning chronotypes (MEQ≥59), 43.6% intermediate types (MEQ from 42 to 58) and 6.9% had evening type preference (MEQ<41). Evening preference patients were younger (p< 0.005), had more unstable marital status (P = 0.04), had worse sleep quality (p = 0.02); latter sleep midpoint (p= 0.01), higher prevalence of insomnia (p< 0.005) and depression (p= 0.004) before and during pregnancy. No differences were found in total sleep duration as recorded by sleep diary (p=0.4) or actigraphic measurements (p=0.83). Evening type preference in GDM was associated with pre-eclampsia (p= 0.02) and neonatal ICU admission (p= 0.03). Conclusion: This study suggests that the presence of the evening-type chronotype in pregnant women with GDM is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as the development of hypertensive syndromes, insomnia and depressive symptoms. In addition, a higher prevalence of newborns admitted to the neonatal ICU was found in the offspring of GDM patients with evening preference.


The spectrogram of pakchoi leaves' nitrogen content was obtained through rapid and quantitative determination of the leaves' nitrogen content by visible/near infrared spectroscopy,the relationship between the nitrogen contents and the spectra was simulated by using both MLR and PLSR methods of chemometrics.and the models were established.The results showed that the fingerprint regions of Shanghai pakchoi were 430-435 nm,500-550 nm and 605-620 nm,the PLSR was superior to the MLR in accuracy but inferior to the MLR in stability,and the determination coefficients of both MLR and PLSR models were above 0.82,indicating that near infrared spectroscopy could be used to estimate the nitrogen content of Shanghai pakchoi leaves.


Alumino-silicate ore and a potassium sulfate bearing ore such as polyhalite or langbeinite are reacted by reducing and then calcining. Reduction decomposes the reactants and produces H.S. Calcining produces a sinter containing potassium alu minate and silicates. The aluminate is leached from the sinter with KOH and/or KCOs solution and then precipitated to Al(OH)3 with SO, or CO. Subsequent calcining yields alu mina; some of the potassium carbonate or sulfite is recycled back into the system and the balance is converted to potassi um salts such as potassium sulfate or potash.


Nose is the most prominent structure on the face which makes it amenable to trauma consequently the nasal bone is the most commonly fractured bone in the human skeleton and most cases of septal hematomas and abscesses arise from the nasal injury [1]. The cartilaginous septum and maxillary bone crest form the main support of the lower two thirds of the nasal dorsum. If there is insufficient septalcartilage to give support, nasalsaddling of various degrees will result. Thisis commonly seen after septal haematoma,septal surgery or trauma,when haematoma is infectedleading to formation of abscess, necrosis of septal cartilage and subsequent nasal collapse. Immediate grafting is advocated by somebut in most instances grafting ofthe dorsum is deferred until the degree of saddling is evident [2]. There are various grafts and implants that can be used to restore the volume and structural integrity of the nose.


The large amount of decay heat in a quite long time after reactor shutdown,which is an important characteristic of the nuclear power plants,should be considered seriously during the safety analysis.Therefore,the study on the decay heat and its uncertainty analysis play an important role in the design of decay heat removal system,as well as in the safety verification of the fuel element during the accident.In referenced to the standard of Germany entitled "Decay Heat Power in Nuclear Fuels of High-temperature Reactors with Spherical Fuel Elements" especially for pebble-bed high temperature gas-cooled reactor(HTGR),the calculation method of decay heat and its uncertainty of pebble-bed HTGR were introduced.On the basis of the preliminary physical design of Chinese 200 MWe high temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module(HTR-PM),the decay heat and its uncertainty after reactor shutdown from long-term operation at rated power were analyzed,so as to provide a basis for further accident analysis.


The utility model relates to a mombined crusher hammer with an easily-replaceable head part, which is formed by connecting a body part and a head part in vertical arrangement, wherein one end of the body part correspondingly arranged at the head part is provided with a pin passing hole, one end of a tail part is provided with a positioning pin pipe, and the body part and the head part are detachably and movably connected. The body part consists of a longitudinal flat plate, the pin passing hole and the positioning pin pipe, the head part is a vertical plate, the upper part of the head part is provided with a concave groove, sink through holes are arranged on the front side and the back side of a transverse upward part in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal flat plate of the body part is inserted into the concave groove of the head part to be connected through a cylindrical pin and to be positioned through a clamp spring, and the cylindrical pin provided with the concave grooves and the clamp spring are completely placed into the sink through holes of the front side and the back side of the head part. After the structure is used, when the hammer head part can not be used after being abraded, the heat part can be replaced only through removing the clamp spring and the cylindrical pin, and the body part can be used for a long time.


This paper presents different ways to use the Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) in order to determine deformation of the cardiac wall. As an extra information added to the ultrasound images, the DTI gives the velocity in the direction of the probe. We first show a way to track points along the cardiac wall in a M-Mode image (1D + t). This is based on energy minimization similar to a deformable grid. We then extend the ideas to finding the deformation field in a sequence of 2D images (2D + t). This is based on energy, minimization including spatio-temporal regularization.


A device for the measurement of the mechanical properties of tubular soft tissue was developed. The device is composed of: 1. A bath within which the tissue is fixed. 2. Syringe pump to control the pressure inside the lumen of the tissue. 3. Lumen pressure sensor, axial force sensor and tissue diameter meter. 4. Program for the control of the device and the execution of experiments created in LabView. 5. Colection of programs to process the data within the Origin environment.


Abstract The control system of induction motor used in EV is studied in this paper. The new PFC controller based on rotor flux field-oriented vector control is designed in order to overcome the effects of uncertainties of unpredictable parameter variations and external load disturbances. The SVPWM control strategy is used to realize high-efficient control scheme. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the PFC algorithm can achieve better dynamic and static properties and stronger robustness than the conventional PI controller, and can track the given trajectory primly. It is well suited for electric-driven system.


The quantum motion of clusters of up to four deuterium molecules under confinement in a single-wall (1-nm diameter) carbon nanotube is investigated by applying a highly accurate full quantum treatment of the most relevant nuclear degrees of freedom and an {\it ab initio}-derived potential model of the underlying dispersion-dominated intermolecular interactions. The wavefunctions and energies are calculated using an {\it ad-hoc}-developed discrete-variable-representation (DVR) numerical approach in internal coordinates, with the space grid approaching a few billions of grid points. We unambiguously predict the formation of a solid-like pyramidal one-dimensional chain structure of molecules under the cylindrical nanotube confinement. The onset of solid-like packing is explained by analyzing the potential minima landscape. The stabilization of collective rotational motion through ``rigid rotations" of four deuterium molecules provides conclusive evidence for the onset of a quantum solid-like behaviour resembling that of quantum rings featuring persistent current (charged particles) or persistent flow (neutral particles).


Chorological information is reported for the vascular flora of Comu- nidad Valenciana and Region de Murcia territorios (Eastern Spain): nine first records for Alicante province (Allium nigrum, Ammi majus, Centaurea diluta, Cnicus bene- dictus, Chaenorhinum serpyllifolium, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Gamochaeta pensyl- vanica, Jurinea pinnata, and Seseli tortuosum), two new records for Castellon (Lotus pedunculatus y Ranunculus sardous), one new for Valencia (Allium nigrum), and one new record for Murcia (Chamaesyce maculata); as well as noteworthy new localities for other known taxa. Furthermore, data on ecology, bioclimatology, biogeography and distribution are also commented. Keywords: vascular plants, ecology, chorology, tax- onomy, Alicante, Castellon, Valencia, Murcia, Spain.


Hybrid power systems for remote applications are catching momentum due to their potential to significantly reduce diesel consumption. Power sources in a hybrid power system can be coupled through a DC bus or through an AC bus. In this research we consider load and renewable resource data of a remote site and sizing of an AC and a DC coupled hybrid power system is done using HOMER. A comparison of these two coupling methods is presented on the basis of diesel savings, components required and system cost while maintaining a fixed renewable energy fraction. In reality most of the consumer load is a heating load that can directly run on DC while AC load can run through an inverter in a DC coupled system. Our research indicates that a DC coupled hybrid system would be more economical than an AC coupled system. We also present in this paper Matlab/Simulink models of two hybrid power system configurations and their expected power quality.


I was delighted to review this book. In these days of an ever greater divorce between practice and academia and the almost total focus of academics on publishing esoteric articles in esoteric journals, it is good to see a "back to basics" book that questions the fundamentals of financial reporting, accounting and auditing. This book written by esteemed accounting Emeritus Professors Frank Clarke (Newcastle and Sydney), Graeme Dean (Sydney) and Matthew Egan (a lecturer at Sydney), echoes many of my findings (see Jones, 2011) of widespread creative accounting, fraud and systematic regulatory and auditing failures. It is well written and interesting. I would recommend it to accounting students and lecturers as background reading. In essence, the book is very simple. It suggests that modern accounting and auditing has lost its way and that group accounting as currently practised should be replaced by Ray Chambers' Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA) (see Clarke et al., 1997). The authors identify failings such as ineffective corporate governance and accounting regulations, failure to uphold a true and fair view, auditing failures, excessive executive remuneration and group accounts. They then produce their solution, CoCoA accounting. In the rest of the review, I will discuss these themes on a chapter by chapter basis. I will then briefly outline several ways I thought the book could have been strengthened. The book is fairly short, consisting of 158 pages of text. There is a prologue which sets the scene and an epilogue which begins with the words "It is hard not to despair, writing this Epilogue" (p.150). There are six chapters the titles of which give you a good idea of their content: Chapter 1 – Corporations: soulless, heartless creations?; Chapter 2 – Ethos abandoned – heritage lost: recovering true and fair; Chapter 3 – Regulation misplaced; Chapter 4 – Mission impossible: auditors on the rack; Chapter 5 – Executive snouts in the trough; and Chapter 6 – Group accounting shenanigans. Chapter 1 severely criticizes modern corporations. On pages 11 and 12 there is a summary of some of the major arguments in the book.


Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Kyungbuk 712-714, KoreaABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of mulberry leaves and dandelion extracts on performance, proximate composition, heating loss, drip loss, and blood characteristics of chickens. One hundred sixty broiler chicks were fed diets for five weeks containing 1% mulberry leaves extracts (T1), 2% mulberry leaves extracts (T2), 1% dan-delion extracts (T3), and 2% dandelion extracts (T4). At the end of five week feeding experiment, broiler were slaughtered, and stored at 4. T2 resulted in much better weight gain and feed conversion than other treatment groups. As storage time increased, all treatment groups resulted in increased heating loss and drip loss (P 0.05) were found in LDL-cholesterol among all treatment groups. In conclusion, these data indicate that compared to other treatments, supplementation of 2% dandelion extracts (T4) were most effective in decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol. (Key words : mulberry leaves, dandelion, heating loss, drip loss, blood composition)To whom correspondence should be addressed : rladudwlr1@ yahoo.co.kr


Background: Survival rates following major trauma are increasing. Understanding the longitudinal outcomes of major trauma can promote successful recovery. A novel, hospital-led telephone follow-up program was implemented by a multi-disciplinary clinical trauma service team at a Level I trauma centre. This evaluation was conducted to examine what factors promoted or impeded the program's implementation.Methods:A prospective mixed methods process evaluation was conducted alongside the implementation of the follow up program. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected across the evaluation domains: reach, dose, fidelity, context and sustainability and clinical data of program participants (patients); semi-structured interviews with staff delivering the program and patients and caregivers who had participated in the program and direct observations (by researchers) of the program delivery and dataDescriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied to quantitative and qualitative data respectively.Results:274 major trauma patients (ISS ≥ 12) were eligible for follow up. A response rate of over 75% was achieved at both follow -up timepoints, with nurses responsible for the majority of calls. Limited time and competing clinical demands were identified as barriers to the timely completion of the calls, although over 75% of calls were completed within the designated timeframe. Staff and patients valued the pre-existing trauma service/patient relationship, and this facilitated program implementation. Clinicians were motivated to evaluate their patient's recovery, whilst patients felt 'cared for' and 'not forgotten' post-hospital discharge. Teamwork and leadership were highly valued by the clinical staff throughout the implementation period as ongoing source of motivation and support. Although primarily designed as a data collection activity, staff spontaneously developed the program to incorporate clinical follow up processes by providing guidance, advice and referrals to patients who indicated ongoing issues such as pain or emotional problems.Conclusion: Telephone follow up within a clinical trauma service team is feasible, accepted by staff and valued by patients and families. Despite time constraints, the successful implementation of this program is reliant on existing clinical/patient relationships, staff teamwork and leadership support.


AbstractTraditional treatments of Italy's entry into the First World War omit a satisfactory discussion of Russia's major role in Entente negotiations with Rome. From the beginning of the war, Russian Foreign Minister S. D. Sazonov attempted to wrest control of those negotiations, but was frustrated by Rome's determined avoidance of a commitment and shrewd preference to negotiate with the Allied powers in London. Russia's interest in the subsequent negotiations was largely determined by its concern about the expected conditions of italian entry, especially Rome's ambition to control the eastern coast of the Adriatic. A postwar settlement that favoured Italy over Russia's South Slavic clients posed a threat to Russian strategic interests in the Mediterranean. Sazonov's diplomatic conduct and statements by the commander in chief, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, indicated Russia's interest in using Adriatic ports under Serbian control as naval bases. The British feared a settlement favourable to the South Sl...


Axillary buds formation in non-branching chrysanthemums (Dendranthema grandiflorum) is regulated by temperature. To examine the temperature regime responsible for non-viable buds, five non-branching chrysanthemums cultivars were treated with 5 temperature conditions for 4 weeks. High temperature reduced percentage of lateral buds, but effects varied among the cultivars. Three hybrid progenies of '01B1-4', '01B1-8', and '01B1-22' showed stronger non-branching trait than 'Iwanohakusen' and 'Hakutenga'. In these progenies, the day/night temperature regime of 25/15℃showed similar effects as 28/18℃, 31/21℃, and 34/24℃. Ethephon promoted axillary bud development in '01B1-8', but had no effect on '01B1-22'. Histological assay showed that axillary meristems in non-branching chrysanthemum cultivars arrested their development prior to or at meristematic organization and ethephon enhanced the cell differentiation to the axillary meristem.


DNA content in normal Nicotiana chromosomes and in unusually long chromosomes called megachromosomes was determined by Feulgen cytophotometric techniques. DNA content estimates expressed as per cent transmittance were made at specific points on a megachromosome and the mean value for these measurements was compared to the mean transmittance values for normal chromosomes in the same pretreated metaphase cell. DNA measurements for interphase cells, unpretreated metaphase cells and the metaphase chromosome which forms the megachromosome were also obtained. Our observations support the conclusion that comparable unit areas of normal chromosomes and megachromosomes contain equivalent amounts of DNA. The finding of DNA amounts in megachromosomes comparable to DNA levels in normal chromosomes is interpreted as evidence for a replicative mechanism of megachromosome origin instead of a simple extension of the DNA in a chromosome of normal length throughout the length of a megachromosome.


Introduction: Survival for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (dysfxn) remain poor. We describe outcomes of HLHS patients with RV dysfxn and...


The emergency response modeling system CARIS has been developed at CCSM (Center for Chemical Safety Management),NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research) to track and predict dispersion of hazardous chemicals in Korea. The main objective of CARIS is to support making decision by rapidly providing the key information on the efficient emergency response of hazardous chemical accidents for effective approaches to risk management. In particular, the integrated modeling system in CARIS consisting of a real-time numerical weather forecasting model and air pollution dispersion model is supplemented for the diffusion forecasts of hazardous chemicals, covering a wide range of scales and applications for atmospheric information. In this paper, we introduces the overview of components of CARIS and described the operational modeling system and its configurations of coupling/integration in CARIS. Some examples of the operational modeling system is presented and discussed for the real-time risk assessments of hazardous chemicals.


An analysis is given on the mechanisms of operation for a current-multiplying hook collector of cylindrical geometry. Mathematical equations are presented which establish the minority carrier transport efficiency within a cylindrical hook collector region; both surface and bulk recombination are assumed to be present. Also included in this analysis is the influence, upon current multiplication, of the factors determining minority carrier injection efficiency for a diffused hook emitter junction. Numerical evaluation of appropriate hook collector design equations are presented in graphical form throughout a range of geometrical parameters applicable to many practical situations.


Since there are still some negative attitudes towards basic science,such as both the ignorance of the distinction between the basic science and applied science,and even the attacks on the former,this paper aims to defend the existence of the basic science from the perspectives of both its social and educational values,as well as its potential economic and cultural values.