A linear partial differential equation that is not solvable is obtained by a very simple transformation of the CauchyRiemann equations. It seems worth while to call attention to the following simple example, which is implicit in the work of Lewy [I ] and Nirenberg and Treves [21: THEOREM. The linear partial differential equation u + ixu= I xyl is not classically solvable in any neighborhood of the origin. PROOF. Since the odd part with respect to x of any solution is also a solution, the expression U(x, y) = u(x, y) u(-x, y) + iy I yI satisfies the homogeneous equation U. + ixU" = 0 for x>0. Therefore it is an analytic function of the complex variable Z = X2/2 +iy in some neighborhood of the origin within the right halfplane, and moreover its real part vanishes on the imaginary axis. By the Schwarz principle of reflection U can be continued analytically into the left half-plane, so U(O, y) must be an analytic function of y for small I yJ . But this contradicts the fact that the second derivative of y I y I is discontinuous at the origin. Smoother inhomogeneous terms such as | xyf3 or exp(-1/y2) provide unsolvable equations that are almost as easy to analyze. More specifically, in the harder case of exp(1/y2) one has only to consider the analytic function u( 2 + iy) = r 2 2)1/2+ f exp(-1/ y2)dy. Received by the editors October 28, 1969. AMS Subject Classifications. Primary 3501, 3530; Secondary 3028.


Recent studies on the effects of hypo-gravity on astronauts have shown depressed response of the immune system component cells (e.g. T-lymphocytes activity) and associated bone-mass loss due to demineralization. The widespread use of various electrical stimulation techniques in fracture repair and bone growth make use of the inherent piezoelectric and streaming potentials in Ca(2++) depositation. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were designed to determine if these potentials, absent or greatly reduced in space, could be artificially enhanced to advantageously effect the bone marrow and, consequently, immune system cells. The bone marrow plays an extremely important role in the development and maturation of all blood cells and, specifically, T- and B-lymphocytes. It is our belief that simulated E-fields will enhance this development when 'ambient' physiological fields are absent during spaceflight or extended bedrest. Our investigation began with a look at the component immune system cells and their growth patterns in vitro. The first chamber will induce E-fields by current densities produced from an agar-bridge electrode arrangement. The cells are immersed in a nutrient agar and isolated from the electrodes by an agar bridge to prevent electrolytic contamination. The second chamber induces current densities by mutual induction from a magnetic field produced by a solenoid coil. Cells are isolated in a small radial area to reduce (1/r) effects and for accurate field calculations. We anticipate inducing currents in the nano- and microampere range as indicated by our calculations of physiological fields.


Nonlinear optics in whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators have attracted much attention. Owing to strong confinement of the light in a small volume, a WGM microresonator can dramatically boost the strength of light field, giving rise to enhancement of the nonlinear interactions of light with the resonator material. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) in an on-chip monocrystalline lithium niobate (LN) microresonator. Benefitting from a cyclic phase matching scheme for the transverse-electric WGMs, nonlinear wavelength conversion utilizing the largest second-order nonlinear coefficient d33, which has not been demonstrated until now despite of its obvious advantage, is successfully achieved in an X-cut LN microresonator. We obtain high conversion efficiencies in not only the SHG (3.8% mW^-1) but also the THG (0.3% mW^-2) realized through a cascaded sum-frequency process. Our results represent a major step toward the classical and quantum photonic integrated circuits.


To all my dear colleagues who have contributed to the Singapore Medical Journal (SMJ) as either a reader, author, reviewer or specialty editor, this is my note of thanks for the immense support you have given me over the last four years. Yes, it has indeed been four years since I stepped into the very 'big pair of shoes' that Prof Wilfred Peh passed on to me. I must thank him, once again, for all the guidance and for introducing me to many friends in the medical and scientific publication circle. They have been a great help to me and will undoubtedly remain firm friends beyond my involvement in the Journal.

Over the last four years, the goal was to move SMJ toward being the general medical journal of not just Singapore, but also the region. One of our key thrusts was to attract articles that are of high scientific value yet impactful to the daily practice of the clinician. This set in place multiple stresses to our manuscript review system. The gears in the system included the secretariat team, authors, specialty editors and reviewers. These gears were rapidly set in motion, but as with all systems, there have been occasional lapses and times when expectations have fallen short. For that, I offer my sincere apologies. However, I am encouraged that the team was able to considerably reduce the processing time for articles submitted to SMJ and this has been sustained for the last four years.

With the increasing quality of our articles, application for an ISI journal impact factor was made in 2009. It was indeed heartening when SMJ was awarded an initial impact factor of 0.73 in 2011. I am certain that with your continued contributions and support, the impact of the Journal will continue to increase. I believe this will consequently attract articles of higher quality, which will in turn enhance the experience of our readers. While the Editorial Board is cognizant of the value of the impact factor and will strive to increase the Journal's impact through the publishing of quality articles, we hope to do so without significantly changing its flavour. Our approach in providing medical information is a holistic one – we hope our readers will enjoy and benefit as much from reading a research article with direct relevance to clinical practice as they would reading articles on medical education (PILL series and Pictorial Essay) or pioneers of medicine (Medicine in Stamps). Although some of these articles do not attract significant citations, they maintain SMJ's flavour and will remain a treasured part of the Journal.

This note will not be complete without the introduction of the next Editor-in-Chief – A/Prof Poh Kian Keong is currently a senior consultant at the National University Heart Centre, Singapore, and an Associate Professor at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. He has been a reviewer, specialty editor and deputy editor of SMJ for the last decade, and is also a regular contributor to the ECG series that many of our readers enjoy. Over the years, Kian Keong has contributed many ideas that have resulted in excellent outcomes for the Journal. As the old Chinese saying goes, 长江后浪推前浪 – and so the next generation will succeed and surpass the previous; I am confident that Kian Keong will bring SMJ to a much higher level. As all good things must come to an end, I now pass on the responsibility of charting the direction of SMJ into the capable hands of its next Editor-in-Chief.


This paper describes the architecture and design of a data warehouse for AT&T Business Services. The main purpose of our system is to generate reports about the performance and reliability of the network. We describe the architecture of our system and discuss some open research problems in this area.


This study is a continuation of a research started in 1996 to study and safeguard the agrobiodiversity in Italian linguistic islands by the Institute of Plant Genetics of the C.N.R. of Bari (Italy) and the Institute of Crop Science of Kassel University (Germany). In 2011 additional three collecting missions were carried out in the Franco-Provencal, Croatian, and Occitan linguistic areas. In all 146 accessions were collected belonging mainly to landraces of cereals, pulses and vegetables. Even if these linguistic areas still conserve worthy crop genetic resources (e.g. rye and wheat in Occitan districts, common beans in Franco-Provencal villages of Apulia region), a strong genetic erosion of the most typical crops was recorded. Safeguarding these crops both ex situ and in situ is thus a matter of urgency.


Let $T$ be a locally finite simplicial tree and let $\Gamma\subset{\rm Aut}(T)$ be a finitely generated discrete subgroup. We obtain an explicit formula for the critical exponent of the Poincaré series associated with $\Gamma$, which is also the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of $\Gamma$; this uses a description due to Lubotzky of an appropriate fundamental domain for finite index torsion-free subgroups of $\Gamma$. Coornaert, generalizing work of Sullivan, showed that the limit set is of finite positive measure in its dimension; we give a new proof of this result. Finally, we show that the critical exponent is locally constant on the space of deformations of $\Gamma$.


A complete analysis of the concept, principle and problems related to criminal negligence is presented. The various utilitarian and retributivist approaches that demonstrate the need for development of some form of justice for criminal negligence are also discussed.


We study stability of superdeformed oblate (SDO) superheavy Z{>=}120 nuclei predicted by systematic microscopic-macroscopic calculations in 12D deformation space and confirmed by the Hartree-Fock calculations with the SLy6 force. We include into consideration high-K isomers that very likely form at the SDO shape. Although half-lives T{sub 1/2} < or approx. 10{sup -5} s are calculated or estimated for even-even spin-zero systems, decay hindrances known for high-K isomers suggest that some SDO superheavy nuclei may be detectable by the present experimental technique.


An investigation on the nature of krypton and argon resonance lines emitted from a low‐pressure lamp has been made applying the sensitized photoionization technique and represented in terms of "sharpness." Cowan and Dieke's self‐absorption theory has given a good interpretation of the dependence of the nature of resonance lines on the rare‐gas pressure. The approximate expressions for the total line intensity and the sharpness were obtained from their theory. The experimental results on the effect of neon acting as a foreign gas suggested that the broadening of resonance lines arised from the interaction between neon and rare‐gas atoms, and this interaction was larger in the case of the argon resonance line.


The research and establishment of industry developing standard on undergraduate level is an important fundamental industry work to achieve our nation's "Excellent Engineers Training proje-ct''. Based on clarifying the difference between industry standard and the universal standard systemof training national reserve talents of national excellent engineers,this paper analyzes the formulating principle and the basic idea of industry standards of "Outstanding Engineers Training in Ordnance Industry'',and focusing on the specialization of ordnance industry and the demand of the reserve talent,puts forward the industry standards of undergraduate-level "outstanding engineers training in ordnance industry'',and thus provides a guiding basis for the relevant institutions to develop an excellent engineer education scheme.


Tesla Coil designing is based on the fundamentals of High Voltage Engineering, which is capable of producing extra high voltage in thousands of KV. The Tesla Coil emits discharges in the form of lightning, which was used in wireless electric power transmission, study of X-rays, electrotherapy, visual corona & apparatus testing of switching surges. This Paper of "Designing of Tesla Coil in Military Defense" focuses with the research goal of harnessing the destructive power produced from the Tesla Coil & controlling its directional strike at any desired location, within its strike range capability. Our main goal is to analyze & design a Tesla Coil as a military base Defense Project, acting as the First Line of Defense against enemy attack. So as to guard "Critical Base Structures" against Enemy vehicles or infantry. The focus of the Project is to harness the destructive power of the Tesla Coil, as an effective way of eradicating overwhelming Enemy Forces threatening a given space of potential importance. Another, Phenomenon noticed along with wireless energy transfer, is its ability to provide a stray electromagnetic field around its striking radius. This tends to effect delicate electronic circuitry causing them to malfunction, if sufficient electromagnetic shielding is not provided.


The aim of this study is to prepare radiolabeled guanine with 99m Tc(CO)3 core. For this purpose, guanine has been radiolabeled with 99m Tc(CO)3 core. Quality con- trol study of radiolabeled guanine molecule with 99m Tc(CO)3 core was performed by thin layer radio chro- matography (TLRC) and high performance liquid radio chromatography (HPLRC). The results showed that the radiolabeling yield was quite high (94 ± 3%). Beside that 99m Tc(CO)3-Gua complex has showed good in vitro stability during the 24 h period. Radiopharmaceutical potential of this complex was evaluated in Wistar Albino Rats. It was concluded that 99m Tc(CO)3-Gua could be used as a nucle-


Structural Equation Model (SEM) is a multivariate statistical technique that has been explored to test relationships between variables. The use of SEM to analyze relationship between variables is premised on the weak assumption of path analysis, regression analysis and so on; that variables are measured without error. This review thus sheds light on the meaning of SEM, its assumptions, steps and some of the terms used in SEM. The importance of item parcelling to SEM and its methods were briefly examined. It also dealt on the stages involved in SEM, similarities and differences between SEM and conventional statistical methods, software packages that can be used for SEM. This article employed systematic literature review method because it critically synthesized research studies and findings on structural equation modeling (SEM). It could be concluded that SEM is useful in analyzing a set of relationships between variables using diagrams. SEM can also be useful in minimizing measurement errors and in enhancing reliability of constructs. Based on this, it is recommended that SEM should be employed to test relationship between variables since it can explore complex relationships among variables such as direct, indirect, spurious, hierarchical and non-hierarchical.


Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. HO3H II/26 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 327/285 (57) ABSTRACT A time delay line comprises a plurality of delay elements connected in series. Each delay element comprises one or more transistors that exhibit a reverse short channel effect at channel lengths within a certain range. The transistors are configured to have a channel length in the certain range in order to reduce time delay sensitivity to process variations.


Based on the theory of systems ecology and model of PSR,the paper constructed an evaluation index system of recreation ecological security for islet in river of city.The system included three subsystems(core region of islet,buffer region of river,influence region of city) and three factors(pressure,state,response).Taking the Dongzhou Islet in Hengyang city,Hunan province as an example,the empirical study was conducted in the paper.The results showed that the degree of recreation ecological security for islet in river of city is low and the different subsystems have differentiated characters;the degree of recreation ecological security for core region of islet is the lowest;its recreation ecological security problems are the most prominent;the most indicators in this region are the important influencing factors of ecological security;the degrees of recreation ecological security for buffer region of river and influence region of city are higher,but some factors in the regions have negative effect on recreation ecological security of islet in river of city.


: In cycling, performance models are used to investigate factors that determine performance and to optimise competition results. We present an innovative and easily applicable mathematical model describing time-resolved approaches for both the physical aspects of tractional resistance and the physiological side of propelling force generated by muscular activity and test its validity to reproduce and forecast time trials in track cycling. Six elite track cyclists completed a special preparation and two sprint time trials in an official velodrome under continuous measurement of crank force and cadence. Fatigue-free force-velocity profiles were calculated, and their fatigue-induced changes were determined by non-linear regression analysis using a monoexponential equation at a constant slope. Model parameters were calibrated based on pre-exercise performance testing and the first of the two time-trials and then used to predict the performance of the second sprint. Measured values for power output and cycling velocity were compared to the modelled data. The modelled results were highly correlated to the measured values ( R 2 > 0.99) without any difference between runs ( p > 0.05; d < 0.1). Our mathematical model can accurately describe sprint track cycling time trial performance. It is simple enough to be used in practice yet sufficiently accurate to predict highly dynamic maximal sprint performances. It can be employed for the evaluation of completed runs, to forecast expected results with different setups, and to study various contributing factors and quantify their effect on sprint cycling performance.


In the present study, we assessed mercury exposure of residents of different sites of Valparaiso Region (Chile) due to fish consumption and atmospheric contamination from coal-burning power plant and copper smelter. Total mercury concentration was determined in 199 hair samples and in 14 species of marine fish, purchased in the supermarket or collected in the studied fishing villages. The total mercury (THg) concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 1.78 μg g-1 in human hair samples and from 0.04 to 3.87 μg g-1 in fish samples. Importantly, hair mercury concentration was significantly higher in the case of population exposed to mercury exclusively by fish consumption (e.g. Quintay and Zapallar), in comparison to the residents exposed to industrial emissions and fish consumption (e.g. Puchuncavi, Las Ventanas, Quintero). Finally, high mercury concentrations were observed in fish types commonly consumed by the residents of the fishing villages, evidencing human exposure to mercury through fish consumption.


Using time-diary data from the '2003 Spanish Time Use Survey' (N = 2,941), I analysed two critical questions related to child development and gender equity. First, how do fathers of different levels of education adjust their parenting activities to their children's developmental needs? Second, how does the mother's employment affect paternal engagement associated with distinct time demands and gendered practices? The main contribution of the study is the empirical focus on three different subsamples of married fathers with children in distinct age categories, a proxy of children's developmental needs, and households' child care demands. There were three main empirical results of the study: (i) In couples with children aged 0-5 years, the father's education had a significant positive effect on his physical care (i.e. feeding, bathing, and watching over), when these activities are determinant for children's future well-being; (ii) In couples where the youngest child was aged 3-5 years, a developmental stage in which cognitive development critically depends on parents' intellectual stimulation, education was significantly correlated with father's interactive care, especially in teaching activities; (iii) Mother's employment had a strong positive effect on fathers' physical care in families with children under school age, when these activities are central for gender equality in the home.


Abstract (L)-Serine and (S)-prolinol, after suitable protection and transformations, react smoothly with methyl acrylate and DABCO (Baylis-Hillman reaction). The product from the (L)-serine reaction can be regarded as an analogue of sphingosine.


[Extract] As previous chapters have demonstrated, the environmental, social and economic challenges confronting rural Australia are immense. But in the face of all the 'bad news' that seems to now characterise rural communities and industries, one 'good news' story has emerged -'landcare'. Landcare is cred¬ited with not only doing something positive about rural land and water degradation, but also with doing much to revitalise rural communities and economies along the way. With bipar¬tisan political support and unexpectedly high rates of partici¬pation, Landcare is seen by many to be an undeniably 'good thing'. The actual impact of Landcare on the Australian landscape is a controversial topic, but there can be little doubt that Landcare groups and members have participated in thousands of field days and other training activities; planted many hundreds of thousands of trees; erected thousands of kilometres of fencing; developed a substantial number of catchment-scale natural resource management plans and re-oriented indi¬vidual farming practices accordingly; established a multitude of signposted demonstration sites; and so on. To date, members of almost a third of Australian farm businesses have joined a Landcare group. As Campbell reminds us, the involvement of nearly a third of the population in voluntary community environmental groups could be expected to have potentially profound implications for the management of all sorts of environmental issues.In economically stressed communities, where many people feel socially and profession¬ally isolated, the ability of Landcare to bring people together to work on a common task has been remarkable.


Hypothesis / aims of study Inflammation of the prostate has been shown to associate with lower urinary tract symptoms. However, effective treatments for prostatic inflammation are still lacking. It is now known that endocannabinoids are important modulators of tissue inflammation and pain perception. And manipulation of cannabinoid system had been shown to reduce inflammation and lessen pain perception in some experimental inflammatory conditions. This study is the first one to investigate the effects of a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist on capsaicin-induced prostatitis in the rats.


Knowledge management (KM) is an important strategic support service to obtain a competitive advantage, especially regarding the business processes of services companies. To justify the KM investments sustainability for the organization's competitiveness, KM research focuses on KM success. We categorize the current KM success literature into internal and external success dimensions, and identify a gap in measuring the impact of KM services on business processes. To address the lack of measurement models and indicators, we derive a framework that seeks to measure KM service productivity based on the combination of KM success research and service productivity research. This framework contains a quantitative measurement model for tangible KM factors as well as a qualitative indicator model for intangible KM input and output factors. We propose to evaluate the framework's rigor and relevance to enrich KM success research and to provide practitioners with strategies to measure both tangible and intangible indicators.


Moringa oleifera is a very useful tree in tropical countries; use to treat different human health problems. It had wide range of antimicrobial properties which have been investigated by a number of studies. water, ethanolic, methanolic and petroleum ether of Moringa oleifera leaf extract were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against selected common human pathogens in Sudan by disc diffusion method. The extracts showed significant effect on the tested organisms. Water extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus albus, methanolic extract was only extract showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , ethanolic extract showed maximum inhibition against Salmonella spp and Yersinia enterocolitica . Petroleum ether extract was the lowest extract showed activity against tested.


With the development of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technology, laser facilities with a power of more than 1 PW and a focused intensity of >1022 W/cm2 have been constructed globally, reaching new levels of intensity regions in physics [1]. However, during experiments with such lasers, the problem is a pre-pulse, which interacts with the target before the main pulse interaction. The cause of a pre-pulse generation is extremely complicated because it depends on the amplification method of the laser system and the performance of its components, such as the optical elements and their quality. In recent years, investigations into the formation mechanisms of various types of pre-pulses have been actively carried out. In this context, the generation of a pre-pulse from a post-pulse of the main pulse has attracted significant attention [2]. The primary mechanism of a pre-pulse is derived from the change in spectra and phase caused by the nonlinear response of the refractive index. In this seminar, I introduce in detail of investigation of pre-pulse generated by post-pulse with singleshot measurement of self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI) [3]. The capability of SRSI in terms of the single-shot measurements of the temporal contrast have been experimentally demonstrated, and the results clearly indicate that the energy levels of the preand post-pulses are increased in proportion to the square of the B-integral [4]. [1] Danson, Colin, et al. "Petawatt class lasers worldwide." High power laser science and engineering 3 (2015). [2] Didenko, N. V., Konyashchenko, A. V., Lutsenko, A. P., & Tenyakov, S. Y. (2008). Contrast degradation in a chirped-pulse amplifier due to generation of prepulses by postpulses. Optics Express, 16(5), 3178-3190. [3] Oksenhendler, T., Bizouard, P., Albert, O., Bock, S., & Schramm, U. (2017). High dynamic, high resolution and wide range single shot temporal pulse contrast measurement. Optics Express, 25(11), 12588-12600. [4] Kon, A., Nishiuchi, M., Kiriyama, H., Kando, M., Bock, S., Ziegler, T., ... & Kondo, K. (2020). Single-Shot Measurement of Post-Pulse-Generated Pre-Pulse in High-Power Laser Systems. Crystals, 10(8), 657.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] It's often said that the only thing constant in life is change. In today's organizations, this has never been more evident, as leaders navigate g ever-accelerating change in standards, technology, mobility, succession, consolidation, the global economy, cultural values, and more. To successfully manage change, organizational leaders must strategically design, execute, and communicate their change strategy with the same focus and intent that they spend conceiving of the change. If they don't invest in this effort and carefully coordinate change implementation, they run the risk that the planned change will fail. To successfully effect change, leaders must: * Develop a change strategy and communications plan. * Execute the change communications and carry out elements of change implementation. * Acknowledge those who have made the transition and encourage those who are lagging. * Assess progress toward the intended change and identify changes in strategy needed to effect this and future changes. This article focuses on the most important and often overlooked elements that drive change success: change strategy and communications. CHANGE STRATEGY AND PLANNING Leaders must work together to develop a clear and unified change strategy, an approach to implementation, and a communications plan to drive the intended change. Ideally, leaders will meet to discuss and document their answers to the what, why, who, when, and how of change by answering the following questions: What change is coming or is expected? * What new behaviors or actions does the change require? * What steps should those affected by the change expect to take (and when)? * What is not expected to change? Why is the change occurring and what factors are driving the change? What benefits will it produce? The intent or motives behind the change can truly make or break change acceptance. To effectively drive change, consider these five factors that affect acceptance as identified by Everett Rogers, a technology change management expert who coined the term "early adopter." People are more likely to change when they: * Believe they will gain an advantage or benefit personally from the change. To help others accept change, leaders must answer their unspoken question: "When I change, what will I gain or what's in it for me?" For instance, when a midsize firm merges with a larger, regional firm, the smaller firm's people must believe that the change will benefit them. Potential benefits might include being able to more effectively compete for larger engagements because of the more recognized brand of the larger firm, gaining access to better benefits, or having more confidence in the larger entity's ability to absorb significant upcoming retirements expected in the midsize firm. * Compare the change to their current state and identify similarities. To change, people need to relate expected new behaviors or actions to something they are familiar with. For example, when a finance department relocates to another part of the city, leaders should compare the staff commutes to the new office with the old office commutes and then be prepared to communicate the differences and similarities to the staff and proactively address any disappointments from those whose commutes would be lengthened. * Understand the change despite its complexity. People will accept change when it is communicated in simple terms or broken down into smaller ideas or steps that can be more easily grasped--and therefore acted upon--than a complex or big undertaking. For example, when an organization moves to a self-service client portal, the initial change can be complex to understand. Break down the expected actions into steps that clients can take, such as establishing their user profile, name, and password as the first "call to action. …


The aim of this research was to look at the clinical differences between Afghan refugees and the Iranian community, as well as the evaluation of healthcare inequalities against Afghan refugees. This was a 1:2 matched case-control study carried out at two tertiary hospitals of Jahrom city, southern Iran, from January 2020 to December 2020. Cases were COVID-19 infected Afghans, and controls were Iranian patients. Demographic data, Self-reported symptoms, disease history, and initial symptom to referral length were extracted from medical records. CT scans being conducted and receiving ICU treatment were assessed for evaluation of racial inequality in health care. In this study, 132 Afghan refugees were compared to 266 Iranian controls. There were multiple self-reported symptoms being statistically differently manifested in Afghan refugees in comparison to Iranian COVID-19 patients. There was no difference in probability of being evaluated by HRCT or receiving ICU treatment (P=0.173, 1, respectively) even after being adjusted for symptoms or co-morbidities that were manifesting differently between Afghan vs. Iranian patients (P=0.476, 0.881, respectively). Ten (7.57%) subjects died in the case group and 18 (6.76) in the control group. There wasn't any significant difference in the death rate between the groups (P=0.766). Our study revealed huge differences in symptoms of Afghan vs. Iranian COVID-19 patients, while these differences did not affect the probability of receiving proper health care. Jahrom city was a case of equality in COVID-19 health care toward the ethnic minorities.


This paper employs literature material method,questionnaire survey procedure,expert interview method,mathematical method of average,logical analytic method and so on.In base of the core competitive power of corporation,personality,undergraduates and other fundamental research situations,and combining with the characteristics of physical education undergraduates,the author researched on the physical education undergraduates' core competitive power,with the subjects of universities in Fujian Province.


1 In response to vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin II (AngII), vasopressin, endothelin‐1, platelet‐activating factor), glomerular mesangial cell contraction is mediated through activation of a Ca2+‐dependent Cl− conductance that, in turn, promotes membrane depolarization and voltage‐activated Ca2+ entry. 2 Using patch clamp technology, our laboratory was the first to characterize a candidate Ca2+‐dependent, 4pS Cl− channel that is stimulated by vasoactive peptides in cultured rat mesangial cells. In the absence of extracellular insulin, the activation of Cl− channels by AngII is abolished. We find that Cl− channel sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+ and the membrane density of AngII receptors is also dependent on the presence of insulin. 3 Our studies also show that high extracellular glucose interferes with mesangial cell IP3 generation and Cl− channel stimulation. Importantly, we find that the insulin‐dependency of Cl− channels occurs within the range of plasma insulin concentrations observed in normal, obese, hypertensive and diabetic humans (i.e. 1–100μU/mL). Similarly, normal regulation of Cl− channel activity is also modulated by glucose concentrations commonly observed in the plasma of diabetic humans (5–30 mmol/L). 4 There is substantial evidence, both in diabetic humans and animal models, that the provision of insulin and improved glycaemic control corrects or prevents glomerular hyperfiltration. The requirement for normal insulin and glucose levels, for the proper regulation of the 4pS Cl− channel, provides a mechanism for impaired Ca2+ uptake and contraction observed in glomerular mesangial cells in association with insulin deficiency and hyperglocaemia.


How multinational high tech firms in small towns acquire non-local knowledge: The importance of firm and location characteristics on innovation outside core regions Rahel Meili, University of Bern, Institute of Geography, Year of enrolment: September 2015, Expected final date: September 2018, email@example.com State-of-the-art: Innovation outside core regions has received increased attention in the field of economic geography over the last couple of years. Innovation outside large urban agglomerations is seen as depending strongly on external linkages. Empirical studies have shown that firms in peripheral locations predominantly use non-market sources for information (Shearmur & Doloreux 2016), that the external sources compensate for the lack of local knowledge spill-overs (Grillitsch & Nilsson 2015) and that the open-mindedness of managers can influence the number and nature of collaborations and knowledge linkages (Fitjar & Rodr?guez-Pose 2011). Research gap: The recent literature has to be criticised for not providing insights into the mechanisms, by which firms in peripheral locations gain access to the external knowledge sources and for neglecting the influence of different firm and location characteristics on the development of non-local knowledge linkages. Furthermore, the literature does not distinguish between firms with different global reaches and uses mostly broad-brushed definitions of the periphery. Hence, this paper concentrates on multinational high tech firms (MNHTs) with headquarters and R&D departments in small towns (between 5000 and 25`000 inhabitants). It asks the following research questions: Which are the main non-local knowledge sources of MNHTs located in small towns? How do MNHTs located in small towns gain access to the central non-local knowledge sources? Which firm and location characteristics are crucial to the access to non-local knowledge sources? Theoretical argument: How firms innovate depends on the one hand on the characteristic of the firm and on the other hand, on the possibilities firms have in their location. For a better understanding of innovation processes beyond core regions it is necessary to gain knowledge about how specific types of firms gain access to the different knowledge sources and which firm and local characteristics support or hinder this knowledge-sourcing activities. Method: We used a multiple case study design with qualitative interview data (totally 28 interviews) from five MNHTs that are located in small towns in the eastern part of Switzerland. A theoretically replication by investigating two national acting, but also exporting high tech firms (NHTs), in the same region, was carried out as well. This way, differences between MNHTs and NHTs located in small towns regarding knowledge sourcing can be identified and the importance of considering different firm characteristics when talking about innovation outside core regions emphasized. Results: The study yields a number of interesting results. First, the multinationalism of a firm when talking about non-local sources of knowledge has to be considered, even in the context of small towns. Four main sources of non-local knowledge could be identified: recruitment of new national and international employees; clients, research institutions and universities; fairs, conferences and workshop. Compared to NHTs, MNHTs were better able to access and use information from clients through subsidiaries and hire international employees. We can assume that multinationalism is one important characteristic to have easy access to non-local knowledge sources and compensate for the lack of local knowledge in their hometowns. Second, a small town in a periurban-rural region is not completely peripheral. Firms in small towns have to cope with obstacles such as the missing local buzz, thin labour market as well as the lack of urban amenities, but still have good transportation connections to bigger cities and can draw on central place functions that include schools, medical care, restaurants, etc. The central place functions, lower cost of living and the natural amenities attract especially families and people older than 30. Hence, firms in small towns have other possibilities to access non-local knowledge sources than firms that are located completely in the periphery. These results show that the combination of firm and location characteristics influence how non-local sources of information can be accessed and which ones are used. Key References: Fitjar, R.D. & Rodr?guez-Pose, A., 2011. Innovating in the Periphery: Firms, Values and Innovation in Southwest Norway. European Planning Studies, 19(4), pp.555?574. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2011.548467. Grillitsch, M. & Nilsson, M., 2015. Innovation in peripheral regions: Do collaborations compensate for a lack of local knowledge spillovers? Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), pp.299?321. Shearmur, R. & Doloreux, D., 2016. How open innovation processes vary between urban and remote environments: slow innovators, market-sourced information and frequency of interaction. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(5-6), pp.337-357 Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1154984.


PURPOSE: To form a metallic layer having high adhesive power without electrolysis on the surface of a high-polymer material by activating the surface of the high-polymer material with a mixture composed of a specific org. noble metal compd., fillers, solvent and binder as an activating agent. CONSTITUTION: At the time of forming the thin-film layer of the metal without electrolysis on the surface of the high-polymer material, such as plastic, the surface is previously subjected to the activation treatment. The conditioning agent prepd. by mixing and dissolving 0.03 to 3.0 pts.wt. org. compd. of noble metals, such a Pd, as the activating agent, 0.5 to 3.0 pts.wt. dispersible silicic acid, etc., as the fillers, 10 to 30 pts.wt. solvent, such as ethanol, and 12 to 18 pts.wt. binder consisting of a polyurethane polymer as an aq. dispersion, is used and is sprayed to the surface of the plastic material to adhere the noble metal, such as Pd, as the activating metal and thereafter, the plastic material is immersed into an electroless plating liquid of, for example, Cu, Ni, etc., by which the metallic layer of Cu, etc., is formed with the excellent adhesive power on the surface of the nonconductive material, such as plastic. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


The activities of steroid Δ4-5α-reductase and Δ4-5β-reductase were measured for 11 hepatomas of different growth rates and host livers. The Δ4-5α-reductase was determined in the microsomal fraction, and the Δ4-5β-reductase activity was measured in the 100,000 × g supernatant fluid.

Reduced Δ4-5α- and Δ4-5β-reductase activity was observed in the host liver of all animals bearing tumor in parallel with the increase in hepatoma growth rate. The decrease for both enzymes was quite similar and ranged from about 95% for the slow-growing hepatoma 44 to about 70% for the fast-growing hepatoma 42A.

In the spectrum of hepatomas studied, the activities of both Δ4-5α- and Δ4-5β-reductase were significantly decreased in parallel with the increase in hepatoma growth rate. The decrease for Δ4-5β-reductase ranged from 40% for the slow-growing hepatoma 44 to 8% for the fast-growing hepatoma 42A, while the decrease for Δ4-5α- reductase ranged from 3.8% for the slow-growing hepatoma 44 to 0.2% for the fast-growing hepatoma 42A.

Stimulation of Δ4-5α-reductase activity with medroxyprogesterone acetate showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in enzyme activity in normal liver and host liver, but no effect was observed in hepatomas.


Editor – I wish to thank you for the kind remarks in your editorial ( Clin Med December 2010, pp 645–6). Shortly after my last manuscript was submitted I realised that contrary to Charles's usual approach I had not gone back to basic principles in my penultimate article and so missed the obvious


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect to emotion for the workers working in noisy environment. Many studies revealed that noise not only produce hearing impairment, but also it can induce the symptoms of unstable emotion, elevated blood pressure and insomnia. For that long-time working in the noisy place, it is necessary to study the effect of noisy to emotion. This study is to survey the 232 workers working in a noisy environment of a petrochemical factory with Taiwanese Depression scale and made an analysis. A total of 232 participants were recruited to accept the questionnaire evaluation. The results revealed that there was 9 percent (12 study case) workers with TQD (Taiwanese Depression scale Questionnaire) score higher than 19, which represented highly suspected with depression condition. The results is predominantly higher than the community survey in Taiwan population score≦8 (3.7%).


Résumé Research Application Summary The challenge to achieving household food security is a combination of biological, physical, and social factors. However, social factors, gender in particular, have received a cursory attention in adaptation studies. This study argues that proper assessment of gender factors that can render household food insecure in times of climate variability, can lead to development of effective and appropriate adaptation strategies. The study outlines the gender vulnerability to climate variability and its implication on the household food security in Malawi. The key recommendation is therefore to consider gender capabilities and challenges in developing effective and appropriate adaptation strategies for ensuring household food security.


A complex predator population inside a good fly-tight house—coupled with careful manure and water management—can control flies in high-rise poultry houses.Deep-pit poultry houses can be odor and fly free if managed properly. House design and fan placement for proper air movement have the greatest influence on domestic fly production, according to this study.


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize a series of sulfided and reduced MoO/sub 3//..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts. X-ray diffraction has shown the presence of small MoS/sub 2/ crystallites on a catalyst prepared by impregnation of ammonium thiomolybdate in ..gamma..-alumina with subsequent calcination. ESCA and ISS have identified the presence of both MoS/sub 2/ and Mo(V) on a MoO/sub 3//..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst sulfided with 15% H/sub 2/S/H/sub 2/. The octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated molybdenum on an oxidic MoO/sub 3//..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ precursor catalyst show different sulfidation behavior. At low Mo concentrations, tetrahedrally coordinated molybdenum is reduced mostly to Mo(V) and only partially sulfided to MoS/sub 2/. Increasing the MoO/sub 3/ loading above 8% MoO/sub 3/ caused formation of excess octahedrally coordinated molybdenum which leads to a significant increase of MoS/sub 2/ on the sulfided catalyst. After monolayer coverage has been reached, formation of Al/sub 2/(MoO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ and MoO/sub 3/ result in prominent MoS/sub 2/ formation and a small amount of Mo(V) on the sulfided catalyst. The effect of calcination temperature has been studied; it was found that decreased calcination temperatures favor formation of MoS/sub 2/ on sulfided MoO/sub 3//..gamma..-Al/submore » 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts.« less


The main objective of this study is to hybridize particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms to propose an efficient algorithm for optimal designing of truss structures. Two types of serial integration of the algorithms are studied. In the first one, PSO is employed to explore the design space, while ACO is utilized to achieve a local search about the best solution found by PSO. This is denoted as serial particle swarm ant colony algorithm (SPSACA). In the second one, ACO works as the global optimizer while PSO acts as the local one. This is called as serial ant colony particle swarm algorithm (SACPSA). A number of structural optimization benchmark problems are solved by the proposed algorithms. Numerical results indicate that the SPSACA possesses better computational performance compared with the SACPSA and other existing algorithms.


PURPOSE: This theoretical study seeks to understand how the development of 'Transnational Business Feminism' in response to the 2008 financial crisis, was implemented in 2013 through Japan's 'Womenomics' program. The paper further examines how efficient this said form of neoliberal feminist economic program was in in addressing vulnerabilities in the Japanese financial system during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, it looks at how the pandemic has shifted conversations around the future of gender and finance in Japan through the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) framework. DESIGN/METHOD: Drawing on a variety of sources, this paper uses a case study research methodology as well as statistical data from a variety of sources to draw theoretical conclusions on the specific case of Japan's economy. RESULTS/FINDINGS: This paper reveals that the programs implemented by the Japanese government failed to address existing gender inequalities and systemic risk in the Japanese economy, and that women in Japan were hit much harder by the repercussions of the pandemic, in spite of Womenomics policies. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study offers insights into the effectiveness of neoliberal feminist agendas in addressing systemic financial and economic risk, in order to help optimize the potential of ESG. KEYWORDS: Womenomics, Japan, gender, finance. JEL: B54, J16, N25


Dysregulation of cell cycle control, especially G1/S phase transition, is implicated in the pathogenesis of most human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the clinicopathological significance of aberrant expression of G1/S phase-related proteins in ESCC remains unclear. In the present study, cyclin D1, p21 and p53 protein expression were examined in 148 ESCC cases using immunohistochemistry combined with tissue microarray. We then analyzed the correlations between their expression and clinicopathological parameters and found that overexpression of p53 was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). p21 down-regulation was an independent 456 HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2010 第 32卷 prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (RR = 0.418, P <0 .001). Further more, array-CGH results revealed that cyclin D1 gene was amplified in 45.4% of ESCC patients. This study confirms that dysregulation of G1/S related genes is common in ESCC and reduced expression of p21 protein can predict shorter overall survival time of patients with ESCC.


An Experiment that I made some time since, shewing that actual Sound could not be transmitted through a Vaccum, gave me an Inclination to try what would be the effect, to surround the Receiver that contain'd the sounding body, with so dense Medium as Water.


I do not know how many weddings happened in Rochester, or across the nation, yesterday. A bunch, I bet. And I bet a large proportion of those weddings included a reading of I Corinthians 13, what I sometimes call the "love chapter." You know it well. It certainly wasn't written with weddings in mind, but rather, to a small, struggling, sometimes conflicted church. Nonetheless, these words – when they are not overly sentimentalized – are spot-on at a wedding. "The greatest of these is love."


Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience stigma through acts of discrimination, bullying, and feelings of isolation and loneliness. Additional concerns of bearing the diagnosis include being treated differently by peers and an overall sense of feeling different than others. However, inclusive behavior and positive attitudes toward individuals with ASD can be facilitated through contact and interventions. This study sought to understand the impact of an empathic training video compared to an educational training video on college students' beliefs and knowledge about peers with this disorder. Results were significant for participants receiving the empathic training for higher scores on beliefs about the abilities of those with ASD as well as more positive opinions held toward them. Further findings indicate significant increases in beliefs about abilities and knowledge of the disorder for individuals with a close friend or family member diagnosed with ASD. This supports the use of empathy inspired trainings to facilitate more positive opinions and views about individuals with ASD.


Human beings express emotions in everyday interactions. Understanding their emotions and knowing how to react to these expressions greatly enhances the interaction. An automatic Facial Expression Recognition system must try to solve the following problems: detection and location of faces ina cluttered scene, facial feature extraction, and facial expression classification. Knowing the user emotion, the system can adapt to the user. Facial expressions play an important role in recognition of emotions and are used in the process of non-verbal communication. They are very important in daily emotional communication, just next to the tone of voice. They are also an indicator of feelings, allowing a man to express an emotional state. The main motivation behind this project is to detect mental health of an individual.


Almost half of the Brazilian population (49.25%) with 25 years or more do not have completeelementary education, and these data are more alarming in rural areas. Due to the difficultywith rural education, the Rural Family Houses (CFR's) were founded to promote the formationof young people based on rural activities. In order to know the profile of CFR 's students andto understand the influence of the school on the youth' s participation in the field, 21 questionnaireswere applied among the youngsters of the Primeira Cruz, MA. CFR. Based on thismethodology, there was an educational deficit , Considering that 22.22% of the participantsin the family nucleus of young people did not complete elementary education, 62.4% of whomare adults. Another important factor is the participation of young people in the field activities,where 41.67% of them are students and farmers, also highlighting the importance of clearing,as a food source (62.52%) and source of income (27,56 %).


The next generation spaceborne precipitation measuring radar will adopt dual-frequency and multi-polarization mode and this type of radar is the natural trend of remote sensing techniques.In this article,dual-frequency,Doppler and multi-polarization spaceborne and airborne precipitation measuring radar is studied and system parameters are analyzed,preparing for research on new generation of precipitation measuring radar.Key parameters such as frequency,polarization,scanning angles,pulse repetition frequency and transmitting power are analyzed in detail,and meteorological radar equation for pulse-compression system is deduced.


Hotels are a tourism service industry that prioritizes hospitality to guests from employees with good service quality, which is reflected in their performance. Several factors that affect employee performance include; transformational leadership style, work motivation, employee performance, and job satisfaction. The study aims to measure the effect of Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction. Samples were taken from 93 employees using the census method. Path Analysis Model (SPSS version 23) was used as the analysis technique. The findings revealed that Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation significantly impacted employee performance. Job Satisfaction is significantly influenced by transformational leadership style and work motivation. Employee performance is significantly influenced by job satisfaction. Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation significantly affect Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction. Transformational Leadership Style is a critical variable at Hotel Ijen Suites Resort and Convention Malang. This will serve as a guide for the management of Hotel Ijen Suites Resort and Convention Malang in developing policies to improve employee performance to meet the goals set.


We study influence of time delay in coupling on the dynamics of two coupled multimode optoelectronic oscillators. We reveal the structure of main synchronization region on the parameter plane and main bifurcations leading to synchronization and multistability formation. The dynamics of the system is studied in a wide range of values of control parameters.


Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming popular. Many IoT devices will bring huge data moving within a network infrastructure. Cloud has become so widespread that almost many business or end users are using private and/or public cloud. Cloud servers will be responsible for processing incoming data and sending them back after processing. As a result, the amount of data moving will be extremely large and processing of Big Data will gradually appear. Many enterprise companies included Cisco, Dell, Microsoft, Intel has pioneered Fog computing since 2015. In Fog computing, data will be scattered instead of concentrating data like the traditional Cloud computing. The main goal of this study is to propose a resource allocation algorithm to distribute modules of an IoT application to the entire network in Fog computing environment. This proposed algorithm must run successfully on a simulator. With different environments, the algorithm will allocate different modules depending on the configuration of each device. To evaluate the algorithm, this study uses the iFogSim toolkit, which extends from the CloudSim toolkit, for modeling and simulation of Fog computing environment. Current version of iFogSim is sufficient to be able to implement some criteria necessary for this study.


The invention provides a teeth care system. The teeth care system comprises an electric toothbrush and a data processing device, wherein the electric toothbrush comprises a brush handle and a brush head, as well as a position detector, a first transceiver, a first storage and a controller, wherein the position detector is configured for detecting the position of the brush head in the oral cavity and generating position data indicating the current position of the brush head; the first transceiver is configured for transferring the position data in the movement process of the brush head to the data processing device, and receiving data related to at least one work pattern from the data processing device; the first storage is used for storing the data related to at least one work pattern; the controller is configured for changing the movement of the brush head in the specific position according to the work pattern selected from the at least one work pattern and the position data in the movement process of the brush head. The invention further provides an operation method of the teeth care system. According to the teeth care system, for the teeth at different positions or sensitive teeth, the brush head adopts the different movement modes, and therefore, caring and protection are carried out on the teeth individually.


In this chapter, the words "big businessmen at the helm" refers to the situation when wealthy and prominent businessmen become prime ministers, ministers, and hold other key political positions in government. Many high political positions in governments around the world are held by big businessmen-turned-politicians. For them the distinction between business and government is blurred and maybe useless. The typical business lobbyists have conquered government. We can no longer expect government to act in the public interests when dealing with powerful companies belonging to government politicians. When big businessmen are at the helm of government, combating corruption becomes an elephantine task.


Isradipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel inhibitor that has demonstrated concentration‐dependent neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) but failed to show efficacy in a phase 3 clinical trial. The objectives of this study were to model the plasma pharmacokinetics of isradipine in study participants from the phase 3 trial; and, to investigate associations between drug exposure and longitudinal clinical outcome measures of PD progression.


The HZETRN code requires inclusive cross sections as input. One of the methods used to calculate these cross sections requires knowledge of all exclusive processes contributing to the inclusive reaction. Conservation laws are used to determine all possible exclusive reactions involving strong interactions between pions and nucleons. Inclusive particle masses are subsequently determined and are needed in cross-section calculations for inclusive pion production.


Due to several limitations of conventional sources of energy such as high cost of fossil fuels, contribution towards pollution and environmental damage, scarcity in resources, there is an urge for the utilization of renewable sources of energy. Among several forms of renewable sources of energy, specifically wind energy conversion system is the most cost effective and technologically improvable. In variable speed operation, it is important that the generated power from PMSG should be optimized. Thus to capture as much power as possible from wind during change in wind speed, maximum power point tracking is implemented. Among several methods, the most efficient MPPT technique is Perturbation and Observation (PnO) which has its own virtues. Here simulation evaluation is done to know the working of MPPT and successfully optimize the generated power during a step change in wind speed. A PMSG based stand-alone WECS with MPPT control is designed, modeled and simulated under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Index Terms WECS, MPPT, PnO, PMSG.


We report on an optimization strategy for macro pore evolution leading to the design of highly photocatalytic 3D hierarchical meso/macroporous TiO2 via much simpler, faster and cost effective synthesis scheme. Meso/macro porous TiO2 is an excellent candidate material for photocatalytic applications owing to the availability of internal surfaces as active sites for redox reactions. The current research scenario focuses on the design of highly efficient photocatalytic systems as well as rapid, facile and cost effective methods of synthesis and optimization of parameters. The present report is on the gradual evolution of macropores in anatase TiO2 by the effective control of pH of the solvent, reaction time, temperature, solvent ratio and reactant concentration via a facile hydrothermal method in this regard. 3D hierarchical macroporous structures are obtained at pH 7 within a comparatively short reaction time of 5 h and demonstrated to be highly photocatalytic (with rate constant four times that of P25 nanoparticles) through photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye.


From January 1990 to December 2010, 4,872 dogs were necropsied at the Laboratorio de Patologia Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Seventy six dogs (1.6%) had uroliths along the urinary tract. The epidemiological profile of the affected dogs showed predominance of males (64.5%); adults (52.6%); and pure breeds (56.6%). Clinical signs suggestive of urolithiasis were reported in 30.3% of the dogs and consisted mainly of hematuria, anuria, dysuria and urinary incontinency. The uroliths were found in one or more anatomical sites, and the main affected ones (in descending order) were urinary bladder, kidney, and urethra. Ureteral urolithiasis was not observed. Secondary lesions to urolithiasis were found in about 40% of the cases. The most prevalent (in descending order) were cystitis, urethral obstruction, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, urinary bladder rupture (with uroperitoneum), and pyelonephritis. In 25% of the affected dogs, spontaneous death occurred or euthanasia was performed due to the secondary lesions of urolithiasis. Extra-renal lesions of uremia were found in 11.8% of the cases.


In this paper, the authors establish a connection between commutative, alternative rings and Engel rings(of type 2), thereby providing a method for constructing commutative, alternative rings which are not associative.


This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Abstract E. coli RecBCD is a bipolar DNA helicase possessing two motor subunits (RecB, a 3' to 5' translocase and RecD, a 5' to 3' translocase), that is involved in the major pathway of recombinational repair. Previous studies indicated that the minimal kinetic mechanism needed to describe the ATP-dependent unwinding of blunt-ended DNA by RecBCD in vitro is a sequential n-step mechanism with two to three additional kinetic steps prior to initiating DNA unwinding. Since RecBCD can " melt-out " ~ six bp upon binding to the end of a blunt-ended DNA duplex in a Mg 2+-dependent but ATP-independent reaction, we have investigated the effects of non-complementary single-stranded (ss) DNA tails (3'-(dT) 6 and 5'-(dT) 6 or 5'-(dT) 10) on the mechanism of RecBCD and RecBC unwinding of duplex DNA using rapid kinetic methods. As with blunt-ended DNA, RecBCD unwinding of DNA possessing 3'-(dT) 6 and 5'-(dT) 6 non-complementary ssDNA tails is well described by a sequential n-step mechanism with the same unwinding rate (mk U = 774 ± 16 bp s-1) and kinetic step-size (m = 3.3 ± 1.3 bp), yet two to three additional kinetic steps are still required prior to initiation of DNA unwinding (k C = 45 ± 2 s-1). However, when the non-complementary 5'-ssDNA tail is extended to ten nucleotides (5'-(dT) 10 and 3'-(dT) 6), the DNA end structure for which RecBCD displays optimal binding affinity, the additional kinetic steps are no longer needed, although a slightly slower unwinding rate (mk U = 538 ± 24 bp s-1) is observed with a similar kinetic step-size (m = 3.9 ± 0.5 bp). The RecBC DNA helicase (without the RecD subunit) does not initiate unwinding efficiently from a blunt DNA end. However, RecBC does initiate well from a DNA end possessing non-complementary twin 5'-dT 6 and 3'-dT 6 tails, and unwinding can be described by a simple uniform n-step ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 sequential scheme, without the need of the additional k …


CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 120, NO. 6, 25 MARCH 2021 989 Debabrata Panda and Sharat Kumar Palita are in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput 764 021, India. *For correspondence. (e-mail: email@example.com) Potential of underutilized wild crops in Koraput, Odisha, India for improving nutritional security and promoting climate resilience


As part of a comprehensive research into PPP implementation, nine case studies were scrutinized to explore the critical risks influencing the success of PPP water projects in China. Eleven critical risks were identified from real-life risk events through the content analysis. They were further analyzed in the aspects of risk origin and their allocation mechanism. It has been found that the government risks are considered as the most critical risks encountered by the Chinese project practitioners. To allocate risk, industrial practitioners should not only take into account of their management capability, but they should also pay more attention to the overall balance of risks and benefits, and risk guarantee through rigorous contract structure. The findings presented here are believed to enable interested investors to better understand the risks of PPP water projects in China.


Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI) is an inherited transport defect of cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine) transport at the basolateral membrane of intestinal and renal tubular cells caused by mutations in SLC7A7 encoding for System y+L‐related y+LAT1 protein. The severe clinical course of this disorder suggests that LPI should be considered a severe multisystem disease with features proper of 'metabolic' disorders. In particular, immune dysfunction could be attributed to an altered metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) secondary to abnormal arginine intracellular metabolism. To address this hypothesis we measured arginine transport/metabolism in monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDM), obtained from peripheral blood monocytes isolated from 5 LPI patients. In these cells the efflux of 3H‐arginine through System y+L was markedly lower than in normal MDM, with a decrease that ranged from 60 to 75%. Moreover, SLC7A7 silencing in a human monocytic cell line (THP‐1 cells) caused a significant increase of intracellular arginine content. These results indicate that arginine entrapping takes place in LPI monocytes‐macrophages, supporting the hypothesis that NO overproduction observed in vivo may be due to an abnormal intracellular metabolism of arginine.


OBJECTIVES
To use a large national comparative database to measure the internal effect of a set of evidence-based bronchiolitis/viral pneumonia clinical care guidelines on clinical practice at a children's hospital, and to compare these changes with those at other children's hospitals.

DESIGN
Prospective cohort study with retrospective and concurrent (other hospital) controls.

SETTING
The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo.

PARTICIPANTS
Hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia.

INTERVENTIONS
Our clinical guidelines focused on clear admission and discharge criteria, individualized transition-anticipating orders, and "prove it or don't use it" criteria for the use of respiratory syncytial virus testing, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and ribavirin.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The effect of guideline implementation was determined by comparative measurement of internal changes in utilization and outcome (nosocomial infection rate) across time and by external comparison with other children's hospitals using standardized data from the Pediatric Health Information System database of the Child Health Corporation of America (Shawnee Mission, Kan).

RESULTS
Overall, 10 636 bronchiolitis/viral pneumonia cases were studied: 1302 at the index hospital and 9334 at the 7 comparison hospitals. Internally, the index hospital's residents and attending physicians responded favorably to the bronchiolitis/viral pneumonia care guidelines, resulting in decreases in targeted resource utilization. There were no fatalities, and the number of days in the intensive care unit decreased even though the mean severity of admitted cases increased significantly. Targeted utilization was favorably affected, whereas untargeted utilization was not. Nosocomial infections did not increase with a decreased use of respiratory syncytial virus testing. The index hospital differed favorably from other children's hospitals in several categories.

CONCLUSION
Evidence-based care guidelines can successfully influence utilization and clinical outcome.


This input device has the following: a motion detection unit that detects tilt of the input device during information input corresponding to a gesture operation; and a control execution unit that executes control whereby after the aforementioned gesture operation, the aforementioned information input continues until the tilt obtained by the motion detection unit reaches a prescribed state.


We study the problem of energy-efficient key distribution for securing multicast communications in wireless ad hoc networks. Recently we showed that a cross-layer design approach for key distribution incorporating network layer (routing) as well as physical layer (energy) parameters leads to energy savings. We also showed that heuristics are needed to reduce the computational complexity. In this paper we show that further reduction in energy expenditure is achieved by assigning common keys to nodes the receive messages from a sender via a common path. We develop a computationally viable heuristic called VP3 that uses codewords to represent paths and groups nodes based on the length of the common path, derived by the Hamming distance between codewords. We also present simulation results to illustrate the improvements achieved by VP3.


AbstractA limited number of publications in the literature address the measurement of actual evapotranspiration (AET) from peat soils. AET is an important parameter in the description of water pathways of an ecosystem. In peatlands, where the water table is near the surface, the measurement of AET represents a challenge. This paper discusses the development of an automated lysimeter installed between July 12 and 27, 2010, at an 11-ha bog site, Pont-Rouge (42 km west of Quebec City, Canada). This system was made of an isolated block of peat, maintained at the same water level as the surrounding water table by a system of submersible pressure transmitters and pumps. The change in water level in millimeters in the isolated block of peat was used to calculate the water lost through evapotranspiration while for accounting the precipitation. The rates of AET were calculated for each day of the study period. This relatively inexpensive and simple to install system may eventually be used to calculate AET on peaty...


On-board battery chargers are used in electric and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (EV/PHEV) for charging the battery from the utility power grid. Various cost-effective topologies with reduced mass are now being proposed for the on-board charger to charge the Li-ion batteries used these vehicles. This paper proposes two unidirectional battery charger topologies with a novel single stage control that provide rectified sinusoidal charging currents to the battery, thus eliminating the need for the bulky dc bus electrolytic capacitor of conventional systems. The advantages of eliminating the electrolytic capacitors include reduced size, mass and cost of the charger and improved reliability. Simulations of the voltage and current waveforms during normal operation are presented. An accelerated cycle charge/discharge testing of the battery cells with low frequency current ripple was conducted to determine the impact of the low frequency 120 Hz ripple on the Li-ion battery capacity and life. The test results are encouraging and show negligible impact of sine charging on Li-ion battery performance.


The anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (Adriamycin, DXR) is widely prescribed for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. Unfortunately, its potent antitumor effect is balanced by its toxicity on different organ systems. The most serious long-term side effect of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Among the different hypothesis, DXR-induced cardiotoxicity has been attributed to increased oxidative stress that leads to damage of macromolecules, membranes and DNA, thereby contributing to cellular damage, energetic deficit and acceleration of cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Further, membrane lipid per oxidation, mitochondrial damage, iron-dependent oxidative damage to macromolecules, histamine release and disruption of calcium homeostasis are also implicated in the mechanism of drug related side effects. It was supposed that administration of a potent antioxidant and protective drug therapy together with a chemotherapeutic agent may be the proper advance to reduce the toxic side es ffects of drug. This review focuses briefly on DXR-induced side effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of drug related toxicity.


This paper studies the effects of hypoxic training on mitochondrial free radical metabolism and activities of respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria of myocardium in rats.Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomized to 5 groups: living low-training low(LoLo),living high-training high(HiHi),living high-training low(HiLo),living low-training high(LoHi),and living high-exercise high-training low(HiHilo).The local environment takes normoxic environment.A hypoxic chamber was employed to simulate hypoxic environment.All the animals were subjected to 5-week living and training in normoxic or/an hypoxic environment.Before exhaustive running,the animals stayed in normoxic for 3 days,myocardium was prepared immediately after enhaustive running.Myocardium mitochondria were extracted by different centrifugation.Spectra-photometric analysis was used to evaluate activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA) level and respiratory chain complex I-IV activities in myocardium homogenate and mitochondria.Results showed that GSH-Px and CAT activities of myocardium homogenate in HiHi groups were significantly increased,CAT activity in HiLo group was significantly increased.MDA level in 4 hypoxic training modes were significantly decreased compared with those in LoLo group.Myocardium mitochondrial activities of SOD was remarkably higher in HiHiLo,MDA level in HiHi,HiLo and HiHiLo group was significantly lower than those in LoLo groups.Meanwhile,CIV activity in HiHi groups was increased significantly,and CI,CII and CIV activates in HiHiLo group was increased remarkably and CIII activity in HiHi,LoHi,HiHiLo groups was decreased remarkably compared with those in LoLo group.These results suggest that HiHiLo might be an ideal hypoxic training mode.


Charity boxes provided in many public places today still use locks such as master locks or padlocks. The rampant cases of theft of charity boxes occur repeatedly because charity boxes are easily broken into and even transported by thieves. The absence of a double security system is an obstacle for charity box managers. Realizing the design concept of a double security system for charity boxes using several electronic components such as fingerprint sensors and methods of sending notifications will minimize the occurrence of the crime of theft or burglary of charity boxes. The security device design architecture is made using the notification method in the form of notifications via short messages using a communication device, namely the SIM800L serial module as a transmission medium for sending short message text data if irregularities are found in the charity box. This charity box security system uses an authorization system for managers who are entitled to be registered with the device in the form of a cellular number. The microcontroller control board plays an important role in processing various instructions so as to produce output information on the screen that is installed in the charity box to display access information when the device is working. Another feature of this tool is that it is equipped with a buzzer component as a warning sign in the form of a sound if an activity process is not recognized it will ring loudly according to the conditions. A security system like this will provide a solution and increase security in the storage of charity boxes so managers can feel comfortable.


Introduction A Paediatric valproate clinic at Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin was established to assess those children who were exposed to sodium valproate antenatally in Ireland and to determine if this exposure is the contributing factor to their developmental delay, autism or skeletal malformations. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been associated with a two to three fold increase in major malformations in children exposed to AEDs in-utero, compared to the general population. 1–2 Children exposed to sodium valproate compared to other AEDs had the highest level of risk of a malformation at 10.93%. 3 Methods A national referral service was established via the HSE Valproate Support Team. GP were advised to refer all children less than sixteen years of age exposed to valproate antenatally. Thirteen children from six families were reviewed in the first six weeks. Background diagnosis, developmental history, maternal valproate history and full clinical examination findings were noted. Data was collected and recorded via a proforma. Results Ages ranged from two to fifteen years, mean age of nine years. Two were exposed to lamotrigine along with valproate. Valproate dosages ranged from 500 mg to 1 gram twice a day. Only three mothers were counselled regarding potential side effects of valproate exposure antenatally. Dose was adjusted in four cases, increased on two occasions and decreased on two. Two children have been diagnosed with dyspraxia and dyslexia, one has ADHD and eight have autism. All have some form of developmental delay. Slight facial dysmorphism was noted in sixty percent of these children. Thirty percent children were breast fed for different duration, while mums remained on valproate. All were referred to Geneticist after taking their blood samples for microarray and fragile X, for the final diagnosis of foetal valproate syndrome. Conclusion Valproate has a significant role in causing global developmental delay, autism and congenital malformation. There is an urgent need to take necessary actions in order to stop its use in women of childbearing age and especially in pregnancy. References Peacrce JMS. Acromegaly. In: Fragments of neurological history. London: Imperial College Press, 2003:501–9. Pearce JMS. Howard Henry Tooth ( 1856–1925). J Neurol2000; 247:3–4. Weston J, Bromley R, Jackson CF, Adab N, Clayton-Smith J, Greenhalgh J, Hounsome J, McKay AJ, Tudur Smith C, Marson AG ( 2016) Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010224.pub2


This paper describes an implementation method for the 'People Counting System' which detects and tracks moving people using a fixed single camera. This system proposes the method of improving performances by compensating weakness of existing algorithm. For increasing effect of detection, this system uses Single Gaussian Background Modeling which is more robust at noise and has adaptiveness. It minimizes unnecessarily detected area that is a limitation of the detecting method by using the background differences. And this system prevents additional detecting problems by removing shadow. Also, This system solves the problems of segmentation and union of people by using a new method. This method can work appropriately, if the angle of camera would not strictly vertical or the direction of shadow were lopsided. Also, by using integration System, it can solve a number of special cases as many as possible. For example, if the system fails to tracking, it will detect the object again and will make it possible to count moving people.


A field-theory formalism based on a free superspin field, which has an internal degree of infinite spin, is developed using perturbation theory. Interaction Lagrangians are constructed and ultraviolet-finite theories are obtained in four-dimensional spacetime. The finite property of the graphs, unitarity of the S matrix, and microscopic causality are demonstrated for a g${\ensuremath{\Phi}}^{4}$ model for the interaction Lagrangian. A definition of locality of the fields is given that extends the concept of the local commutativity of strictly localizable fields and a formalism for massless superspin particles is presented.


The combined effect of magnetic field and rotation on thermosolutal instability of a compressible fluid in porous medium is considered. The system is found to be stable for (C p /g)β 1, which were nonexistent in their absence. For stationary convection, the stable solute gradient and rotation have a stabilizing effect on the system for (C p /g)β > 1. In the presence of rotation, the magnetic field has a stabilizing (or destabilizing) effect, and the medium permeability has a destabilizing (or stabilizing) effect under certain condition, whereas in the absence of rotation, the magnetic field and rotation have stabilizing and destabilizing effects for (C p /g)β > 1, respectively, on the system. The sufficient conditions for the existence of overstability are obtained.


Introduction The recent decades witnessed a tremendous growth in the field of medicine, especially in the area of sub-specialization in surgery1,2. Pediatric surgery is one of the demanding surgical disciplines. Children are not young adult but are a group with specific attributes that necessitate special care and attention3. Comprehensive care of the pediatric surgical patient is multifaceted and requires a thorough understanding of the surgical diseases encountered, a detailed knowledge of the physiology of the pediatric population, and an awareness of the unique issues inherent in providing medical care for children3,4. The surgeon must obtain a complete and detailed history from the patient and parents. The history, in concert with a well-performed physical examination, is the basis for a diagnosis and treatment plan5.


While I shall concern myself in this paper with an outline of how I believe the neural system is involved in the establishment and maintenance of what, in our culture,* is variously called the self, I shall have to send you for many important details to other sources wherein these topics are more adequately developed. I trust the skeleton I can provide proves to be serviceable for the useful life of the creature we both assemble. I must begin by expressing at least one note of caution with regard to the use of the word self. The cognitive processes implied in the classical Greek usage of both q h and pLlj and the curious synthesis of the "self" and the "will" in the same Latin declension (in which m e served as the ancient dative and recent accusative of ego), represent only one of several possible approaches to the notion of the self. This occidental approach has opposed to it the oriental alternative of placing the pLlj, or negative will, outside the ~ y h , or self. If it is natural for the Western philosopher to focus upon the personal moiety in the interaction between individual and environment, it is just as natural for his Eastern counterpart to emphasize the cosmic contribution in the process of experience. Most important theological systems (not only the mystical ones) recognize the unity of existence-of the knower and known, creator and creation-and so also do all comprehensive philosophies of both the East and West. Nevertheless, the West tends to envision ideal man as a manipulator of his environment whereas the Orient finds it more appropriate to think of him as contemplative and yielding himself to incorporation within an harmonious cosmos (Rajagopal, 1961). Both viewpoints are important. We should not lose sight, as we proceed, that we shall be carrying our own particular prejudices with us. I can provide bones but you will have to clothe them.


Two patients with long-standing atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to medical management and with prior pulmonary vein isolation underwent a new hybrid epicardial/endocardial subxyphoid approach for AF ablation and left atrial appendage (LAA) ligation. Pulmonary vein and LA posterior wall isolation, as well as LAA exclusion were achieved in both patients. There were no procedural complications. Both patients remain in sinus rhythm. Both patients are off antiarrhythmic medications.


Abstract. The biogeography and habitat affinities of the Recent taxa of terrestrial mollusks of Nevada, western USA, are discussed herein. A total of 52 land snails and slug species were found in Nevada, of which 21 are newly reported records. Two native land snails found previously were not found by this author, and 6 additional species are possible for the state. Of the 47 species of land snail found in the state, 42 are considered native, while 5 are introduced. Only one slug, Deroceras laeve, is considered native, while 4 others are introduced. Land mollusks in eastern and central Nevada are derived from the Rocky Mountain Molluscan Province, such as Pupilla hebes, Microphysula ingersolli, and Oreohelix strigosa depressa (9 species, 18%), while southern Nevada supports species derived from the Southwestern Province, such as Gastrocopta spp., Striatura meridionalis, and Eremarionta rowelli (8 species, 16%). A Californian and Oregonian influence includes Pristiloma chersinella and Punctum californicum. Introduced land snails and slugs such as Deroceras reticulatum, Lehmannia valentiana, Cepaea nemoralis, and Rumina decollata are found in the gardens and parks of urban areas in Nevada. The present native land snail distributions in Nevada result from Miocene and Pliocene dispersal and establishment in the mountains of the Great Basin followed by Pleistocene and Holocene fragmentation and isolation. Xeric habitats such as sagebrush steppe, Pygmy conifer woodlands, and dry alkaline lake beds dominate much of the state and support very few or no land mollusks. Nine habitats are identified as being used by terrestrial mollusks in Nevada. Mountain woodlands, springs, and chaparral support 71% of the total fauna, which includes 36 land snail species and the slug Deroceras laeve where water, coniferous and deciduous vegetation, and moist litter are available between 1400 and 2800 m elevation. The more xeric Mojave Desert in the south (165–1100 m) and sagebrush steppe of the Great Basin (800–2000 m) support 3 and 4 species, respectively. The Pygmy coniferous woodlands occasionally support 2 species, except when the woodlands are associated with limestone cliffs and shrubs, where 5 species may be present (1600–2200 m). River valleys, perennial streams, and meadows (800–2000 m) make up only 1% of the state's land area but support 19 species of land mollusks. Subalpine and alpine habitats in the high mountains (2800–3400 m) support 13 species of land snails. Urban areas with greenhouses, parks, and casino gardens support 9 species of introduced land snails and slugs.


NHS DIRECT nurses are resisting pressure from managers to process calls more quickly, an analysis of the nurse-led helpline has found.


This review summarises the safe production of osmium and its compounds and its functionality from both the chemistry and materials perspectives. A review of the available data shows that there is a lot of potential for osmium (II) compounds to be used for traffic signalling as molecular signal gates using electrochemical generated power. Osmium (II) compounds can also be used for biomedical applications such as the development of anti-cancer drugs. Organic compounds of osmium have also been found to possess excellent electrochemical properties which are useful for redox flow battery. Different synthesis routes to produce these compounds and implementation thereof into the redox flow battery systems are described in details. This review of osmium and its compounds possess a variety of correlated properties with a potential to put an emergent demand on osmium for various applications.


Clandestinity was a central aspect of the life and organisation of the militancies of the diverse cultures of the Cold War Latin America left. Yet the topic is scarcely considered central in testimonies or historical analyses of the period. In this article I approach both clandestinity as culture and the culture of clandestinity as lived experiences, ways of organising and modi operandi among militant organisations and individuals of the period. To do this, I resort to diverse types of literature, ranging from academic analyses to personal testimonies, including fictionalised accounts. I then elaborate on the possible historical, methodological and epistemological reasons why clandestinity has not been explored in the majority of the academic or testimonial corpuses presently available, stressing the possibility, as a hypothesis, that we may still be facing silence – a main tenet of clandestinity – as political doctrine. I also briefly discuss oral history as a main tool to access knowledge of clandestinity and question whether clandestinity may be an object of the historical record.


Abstract Using Lyapunov theory, Pontryagin's minimum principle, and affine quadratic stability, a novel robust optimal control strategy is developed for active suspension systems to enhance vehicle ride comfort and handling performance. The controller has a simple structure, making its suitable for real-time implementation. The required sensor configuration includes a six-axis IMU and four LVDTs. The proposed controller is suitable for on-road commercial vehicles where ride comfort over bump disturbances and handling performance are the most concerns. The effectiveness of the controller is verified through simulation results using IPG CarMaker software.


The LPYL project focused on human resource development and was designed to explore some of the untested innovations in the South African draft Policy Framework for School Library Standards (South Africa, 1998) among a sample of school librarians in all of South Africa's nine provinces. The project was also designed to provide mutual exchange of knowledge and expertise between Swedish and South African library personnel. Ideas from a conference in 1995 and the planning of the South African Policy Framework for School Library Standards formed the important bases for the strategic direction of the project. The two phases involved South Africa's national and provincial education departments and two South African and one Swedish non-governmental organisations.


It is our privilege to present the proceedings of the three days online conference entitled "International Conference on Integrated Interdisciplinary Innovations in Engineering (ICIIIE 2020)" , which was held at the University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India from 28 to 30 August 2020. The subject was chosen keeping in view the need of new materials for advanced applications in health care, sensors and devices. Many great discoveries are the result of convergence of various scientific and engineering fields. Interdisciplinary integrated innovations have resulted in numerous advanced products. This conference provided a forum for researchers from different scientific and engineering fields to deliberate and collaborate at national and international level for translating research into useful advanced products to make human life better. The conference was sponsored by Technical Education Quality Improvement Program III (TEQIP III) of MHRD, Government of India assisted by World Bank and Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi. The conference technical program was enriched with ten plenary talks, twelve invited talks, eight short invited talks and 200 oral/poster presentations. This conference provided an opportunity for in-depth technical discussions and exchange of innovative ideas on a wide range of topics to explore the potential of their applications in industry and society. Moreover, young researchers were exposed to emerging trends and areas of research that have significant technical and scientific importance. List of Editors are available in this pdf.


New generation of migrant workers' professional ability promotion has always been the focus of academic fields,but as the phenomenon of the new generation of migrant workers"job-hop"and occupational transformation"flattening"occur frequently,we have to rethink on the"blind spots"in the study of professional ability training — the importance of career planning ability. This paper makes every effort to provide a new perspective based on the literature research to explore the necessity,obstacle and countermeasures of the new generation migrant workers' career planning ability,in order to solve the questions of their career development.


Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of survivin and IGF-1 and neuronal of apoptsis after cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.Methods The healthy adult of male Wister rats (80) were divided into Survivin group and IGF-1 group,per group (40),and they divided andomly into control group and sham-operation group and in ischemic 1h reperfusion 2h,6h,12h,24h,48h,3d,7d,14d group(n=4).The models with cerebral ischemic reperfusion were induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a nylon monofilament suture. And using immunohistochemistry technique detecte the condition of the expressionof of Survivin protein and IGF-I protein in apoptosis of neurons.Results Survivin group: Showing the expression of background of Survivin positive neuron in hippocampus and cortical area and striatal area on sham-operation group.The expression is increased clearly from ischemic reperfusion in 2h,reached peak in 48h,and is best lower in 14d.It compare with sham-operation is significancely difference(P0.05).IGF-1 group:Showing the expression of background of IGF-1 positive neuron in hippocampus and cortical area and striatal area.The expression of IGF-1 is clearly increased in ischemic reperfusion in 2h,reached peak in 48h,and is constant in 3-14d. It compare with normal control group and sham-operation is significancely difference(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of endogenous survivin and IGF-I might inhibited apoptsis of neuron.


This paper analyzes the reasons of causing water resources shortage day by day at Honghe Nature Protective Area due to the of water resources environment change over draw of underground water and peripheral hydraulic engineering.


This study investigates patterns of extreme temperature-related events in Europe and its significance for the public health, with a focus on the vulnerable pediatric population. A generalized additive model of average surface temperature development for the European countries is described and discussed with an in-depth analysis of the influence of temperature on evolutional and behavioral aspects.Extreme temperature related events are recorded in the publicly available epidemiological database of Emergency Events (EM-DAT). A comparative and descriptive statistical analysis of this data was conducted with a focus on (prospective) records from 1988 onwards. Average surface temperature data was provided by the World Bank's Climate Change Knowledge Portal. The criteria for strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) were respected.Within EM-DAT, extreme temperature-related disasters in Europe were categorized as either heat waves, drought, forest or land fires, or cold waves and severe winter conditions, accordingly. The most frequent type of event recorded were cold waves (36.2%). However, cold waves and severe winter conditions only accounted for about 6,460 casualties (4.4%), while heat waves were responsible for a total of 137,533 casualties (95.1%). During the prospective observational period of the EM-DAT database, heat waves in 2003, 2006, 2010, and 2015, claimed a total of 119,760 casualties. These most severe heatwaves were geographically distributed over Russia (2010), as well as France, Italy, Spain, and Germany, each in 2003. Accordingly, analysis of temperature data revealed an increasing average surface temperature for all assessed European countries, correlating with in an increasing frequency of extreme temperature-related events.This study shows that according to EM-DAT data extreme temperatures are an increasingly important public health threat to the European population as the average European surface temperatures are rising. Although cold waves are more frequently reported in EM-DAT, heat waves are the major cause for temperature-related casualties. Therefore, we conclude that evolutional and cultural resilience against cold and drought is significantly higher than it is against heat. Our results project that the frequency, duration and intensity of heat waves will further increase due to current climatic changes and become a more prevalent problem for future generations. Hence, we propose an emergency plan to inform the public and authorities about measurements to be taken in such extreme heat conditions to overcome the prevailing lack of information available to the public.