Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus is the smallest dendrocolaptid in Brazil. It occurs from Mexico to Bolivia, including Amazonian Brazil and the Atlantic Forest (Sick 1997). Thirteen subspecies are recognised, of which eight occur in Brazil (Piacentini et al . 2015). G. s. cuneatus is endemic to the east coast of Brazil, in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo. On 20 March 2016, a G. spirurus (Fig. 1) was trapped in a mist-net at Fazenda Rio Fundo (11°08'07"S, 37°18'43"W), Itaporanga D'Ajuda municipality, Sergipe, Brazil. This private reserve encompasses fragments of forest, with a total area of c .800 ha, within a matrix of eucalypt and bamboo plantations, and pasture. Vegetation is typical deciduous Atlantic Forest of coastal restinga habitats in Sergipe, growing on sandy soils with a continuous canopy of 5–10 m in height (Beltrão-Mendes et al . 2011). Our record of G. spirurus represents an extension of the species' range in eastern Brazil (BirdLife International c .195 km based on the


The utility model relates to a device for inhibiting corrosion or scaling of a metal pipeline. The device comprises a signal and energy generator and an energy coupling mechanism which is at least partially mounted at the periphery of the metal pipeline, wherein the signal and energy generator is connected with the energy coupling mechanism through a transmission line or a transmission signal; and the signal sent by the signal and energy generator transmits electromagnetic wave to a fluid in the metal pipeline via the energy coupling mechanism. The device provided by the utility model applies the alternating-current electromagnetic signal with certain amplitude and frequency to the fluid in the metal pipeline through the signal and energy generator via the energy coupling mechanism, so that the corrosion or scaling phenomenon in the underground metal pipelines for heat supply network water delivery, oil delivery and the like is effectively inhibited. The device is also simple in structure, low in cost, obvious in effect, and suitable for large-scale industrial application and popularization.


Rishab Aiyer Ghosh (ed.), CODE: Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. x+345 pp. ISBN 0262072602, $24.75 (hbk) John Hartley (ed.), Creative Industries. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. xvii+414 pp. ISBN 1405101482, $34.95 (pbk) Henry Jenkins, Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 336 pp. ISBN 0814742815, $29.95 (cloth) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


Although research on workplace bullying appeared in the literature beginning in 1980, research and literature on bullying behaviors among nurses have only come to the forefront in the past 10 years. Workplace violence is defined by NIOSH (2016) as the act or threat of violence, ranging from verbal abuse to physical assaults directed toward persons at work or on duty. The risk for nonfatal violence resulting in days away from work is greatest for health care workers and social assistance workers. According to NIOSH (2016) sixty-seven percent of victims are female, and sixty-nine percent of the individuals experiencing workplace violence are health care or social assistance workers. Verbal abuse, bullying, or physical assault by a coworker represent the most common forms of workplace violence, occurring between worker and worker when current employees or past employees of an organization become perpetrators (Gale, 2016).

Additional terms used to describe bullying include lateral or horizontal violence, mobbing, disruptive behavior, workplace incivility, lateral aggression, or workplace psychological violence. Workplace bullying may be perceived by nurses as a justifiable "rite of passage," that "nurses eat their young," and that "tough love" must be utilized when introducing new nurses to clinical practice settings (Leong and Crossman, 2016). The intent of this article is to highlight bullying behaviors among nursing professionals and identify evidence-based interventions to combat workplace incivility. The article will also provide recommended strategies for educating leaders to protect against this abusive behavior that may exist in any health care or academic setting.


To characterize acute pancreatitis (AP) related to sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and to investigate this relationship through disproportionality analysis in an international pharmacovigilance database.


Thinking is the basis of intelligence; Therefore, the development of learners' critical thinking skill is necessary. Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the most popular teaching methods in nursing courses. Whether or not PBL is successful depends on many factors. This article describes the application of PBL, its challenges, its barriers, and student reflections and suggestions on its use at the Faculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand. Moreover, it discusses the guideline for the improvement of PBL that is contextsensitive. The article will benefit nursing education management and contribute to the development of learners' skill for the 21 century. Keywords— development, problem-based learning


The European Bird Portal is a project of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) developed through a partnership of 81 insituions from 29 diferent countries that mobilizes the data collected by more than 100,000 volunteer birdwatchers. The partnership involves biodiversity data centres and reference ornithological insituions in their respecive countries, accumulating a long-ime experience collecing high quality monitoring data from thousands of volunteer birdwatchers and turning this informaion into sound science. The main purpose of EBP is to combine the data collected by the diferent online bird recording portals operaing in Europe in order to describe large scale spaiotemporal paterns of bird distribuion (seasonal distribuional changes, migratory paterns, phenology) and their changes over ime. The EBP demo viewer aims at showing the scope and potenial of the project depicing the weekby-week distribuional paterns of 105 bird species using a total of nine types of species maps and climaic variables. Since two animated maps of any type and year can be selected to be shown Abstract. During the last two years most of the work done in the framework of the EBP has been focussed to fulfil the objectives established in the LIFE EBP preparatory project. In this context, the launch of a new version of the EBP viewer has been a key milestone. This is expected to be put in place by the end of 2018. The partnership increased largely, particularly in 2017. Hence, the geographical area shown in the previous version of the viewer had become far too limited to properly show the new collected data. Also some important technical developments to the system were required. We describe here the improvements and functionalities of the new version.


Since the object model is time-varying and time-delay in the electric boiler temperature control system, Smith Fuzzy PID controller is applied in it. Simulation results in the paper show that the overshoot is reduced by 31.3% compared with the system under Smith PID control and the adjusting time reached a 30% reduction compared with those under Fuzzy PID control with T=380 and τ=110. In order to eliminate the oscillation problem in system when model parameters change, a new Smith Fuzzy PID controller with two degrees of freedom is applied, whose control performance is much better than that of Smith Fuzzy PID.


The device (1) is for driving a very narrow conveyor belt and/or transport chain, together with an associated drive roller (3), driving equipment and reduction devices. The driving equipment is outside the drive roller and the reduction devices are between the driven input shaft driven by the driving equipment (6) and a plate of the drive roller. This enables a very short drive roller to be used. Since the driven input shaft is driven at a relatively high speed still to be reduced, the therby required drive forces are relatively low, which is favorable for the working life duration of the bearings of the transmission devices (4) bewteen the drive devices and the input shaft.


Little is known about how alcohol intoxication impacts sentence outcomes. This study assesses whether intoxication differentially aggravates sentence outcomes for male and female defendants of assault offences. It does so by modelling the probability of custody and sentence severity using the Crown Court Sentencing Survey, including interaction terms to account for the gendered application of intoxication as a sentencing factor. The main finding is that the aggravation afforded female defendants is twice that afforded males where intoxication in present and when controlling for relevant case characteristics. The study spotlights how cases of assault are processed through the criminal justice system and raises concerns with how gender equality is interpreted in sentencing practice with reference to alcohol intoxication.


Object detection and classification from surveillance videos is a procedure of exploiting computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) techniques for categorizing and identifying objects from realtime video streams. This assists in understanding and analyzing the scene, tracking object movement, and identifying potential security threats. This technology has been extremely utilized in security and surveillance schemes, autonomous vehicles, and retail analytics. This study develops an Automated Object Detection and Classification using Metaheuristics with Deep Learning on Surveillance Videos (AODC-MDLSV) technique. The presented AODC-MDLSV technique proficiently detects and classifies the objects into multiple classes. To do so, the AODC-MDLSV technique initially performs object detection using YOLO-v5 model. In the next stage, the AODC-MDLSV technique employs random vector functional link network (RVFL) method for object classification purposes. Finally, artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization methodology is used as a parameter optimization approach to improve the detection efficiency. The simulation values of the AODC-MDLSV approach are tested on benchmark video and the results showcased the better performance of the AODC-MDLSV method with maximum accuracy of 99.93%.


Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate behaviour characterized by temporary inhibition of motor functions (20, 22). It is also referred to as akinesis, thanatosis, apparent death and paralysis. This phenomenon is reversible and its duration is individually variable and genetically conditioned (8, 9). Studies carried out on various animal species (rats, domestic guinea pigs, rabbits) have shown that TI lasts from a few seconds to a few hours (4, 8, 25). There are several symptoms characteristic of TI, such as stillness, unnatural body position, lack of reaction to external stimuli, tachycardia/bradycardia (9, 10), decrease in respiratory rate, decrease in body temperature (16) and changes in EEG. The TI reaction occurs in vertebrates (e.g. rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, monkeys) and invertebrates (e.g. beetles, crustaceans, hymenoptera) (3, 7, 14). In some species (e.g. chickens, turtles, sharks) it is used in research and diagnostic procedures (2, 23, 24), and is induced by forcing a non-physiological position of the body: lying on the back (5, 6, 15). TI may be a defence response, and a similar mechanism is induced in some young mammals while being carried by their mothers ("mother's grip") (5, 6, 15). In some species (cats, rabbits, ferrets), a kind of stillness occurs as an element of sexual behaviour (5, 6, 15, 21). Studies carried out on rabbits so far have shown that animals in a state of severe stress, necessary for the induction of TI, give the impression of being calm (9, 19). Stressful situations activate the sympathetic nervous system, which is manifested by increased blood pressure and tachycardia, dilation of muscular blood vessels, constriction of the blood vessels in the digestive system, bronchial dilatation, pupil dilation, increased physical activity and renin production (1). Many studies contain detailed descriptions of methods of inducing TI in rabbits, the most popular of which Effect of tonic immobility induction on selected physiological parameters in Oryctolagus cuniculus f. Domesticus rabbits


Objective To observe the influences of quercetin on the parameters of anemia and serum iron in rats with experimental chronic renal failure(CRF).Methods SD rats were randomly divided diveded into normal group(n=8),CRF group(n=40) and quercetin group(n=10).CRF group and quercetin group were fed ademine for 8 weeks to establish CRF model.Quercetin group was orally given quercetin(100 mg/kg) on the 15th day,and normal group and CRF group were given normal saline water in the same dose for 42 days.The CRF model was established by feeding to rats fodder containing ademine for 8 weeks.The quercetin group was orally given quercetin(100 mg/kg/d) on the 15th day for 42 days.At the end of the 8th week,the peripheral red cell counts(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrits(HCT) and serum iron,total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and ferritin(FER) were detected and compared in all groups.Results In CRF group,RBC,HGB and HCT decreased significantly compared with normal group(P0.001).In quercetin group,RBC,HGB and HCT increased significantly compared with CRF group(P0.001) but were still lower than those in normal group.The levels of serum iron,TIBC and FER decreased significantly in CRF group compared with normal group(P0.001),and increased significantly in quercetin group compared with CRF group(P0.001) but were still lower than those in normal group.Conclusion Quercetin has a significant preventive and therapeutic effects on renal anemia and relieves the disorders of iron metabolism and utilization in rats with experimental CRF.


A storage apparatus for controlling a storage unit includes a cache memory for temporarily storing data to be stored in the storage unit, and a processor for executing a process including receiving unit data which is divided from data to be migrated, calculating first checksum data from the received unit data, storing the unit data and the first checksum data to the cache memory, reading out the stored unit data and the first checksum data from the cache memory, calculating second checksum data from the read out unit data, storing the unit data to the storage unit, and determining whether data migration has been performed properly by comparing the first checksum data to the second checksum data.


This note reports an interesting phenomenon found in authors' experimental investigation to the coalescence between two neighborly located holes in an aluminum alloy strip under cyclic tensile loadings.Unlike expected,the initial fatigue crack was found not to nucleate in the center region between the two holes,where the stress concentration is much higher than the other positions,rather,the initial crack always nucleated at the outside rim of holes far apart from the center region.The coalescence between the two holes always occurred far after the initial fatigue crack nucleation.This phenomenon cannot be explained by the classical theories.


Alan M. Kent, The Theatre of Cornwall: Space, Place, Performance (Bristol: RedcHffe, 2010). 968 pp. ISBN 978-1-904537-99-1. £37.50.Alan Kent's substantial and detailed study is of some importance, and it is difficult to do it justice within the confines of a necessarily circumscribed review. While only the first three chapters (nevertheless more than 400 pages) deal directly with the Middle Ages, drama in Cornwall remains of importance to medieval studies at large well into the modern period, and it might even be said for the later period that this work is able for the first time to document a move away from medievalism in Cornish theatre after a very long time.Alan Kent's approach is broadly cultural-materialist, and concentrates on all kinds of theatrical activity and the space and landscape in which performances took place (see p. 43). He thus offers what might be thought of as a fleshed-out narrative of the materials collected in the REED volume on Cornwall by Sally L. Joyce and Evelyn S. Newlyn, with the earlier chapters drawing extensively upon archaeology, folklore, and philology (as with the interesting discussion of potentially performance-related words in the early Vocabularium Cornicum and the glosses). In fact different approaches are imposed upon him by the subject matter. While Cornish writing (in Cornish and (Cornu-) English) as such is examined, the question of the persistence of Cornish themes is also raised at an early stage, with references to the Tristan story, for example, as the bestknown medieval universal located in Cornwall. Clearly at the start of the cultural continuum, the first actual Cornish versions are very late, probably Hardy's Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall in 1923 and A. S. D. Smith's Cornish poem in 1951, with an English play by Nora RatclifFfrom around the same time (which was actually performed at Tintagel); there is also a play in the repertoire of the Kneehigh Theatre Company. Wagner is examined in detail, even though his text was a long way removed from Cornwall, and his medieval source, Gottfried, famously makes explicit that he had never been there.The early section of this study examines the history of the plen-an-gvary, then looks at folk survivals in the mummers' plays (Padstow, Helston) and legends (Zennor), after which an extensive chapter is devoted to the important medieval drama cycles. Kent has an advantage in that he is able to discuss not only the Ordinalia, Meriasek, and the later Creation play, but also Bewnans Ke, the 'Life of St Kea', which was discovered only in 2000 - a rare event in any medieval field - and which increased the body of medieval Cornish drama considerably. Kent's analyses of the plays are detailed and valuable contributions to the study of medieval drama in Britain, unking them with historical events, considering aspects of performance, and taking into account visual materials such as the St Neot's windows and the carved bench-ends at Alternun, as well as the various staging diagrams and the layout of the plen-an-gvary itself. Although he is not afraid to bang the drum for Cornish drama as the principal dramatic witness over a long period in the Celtic world, Kent is nevertheless still circumspect in places where matters remain unresolved, such as the status of the so-called Charter Fragment, or the full importance of John Trevisa. …


The standard for postgraduate education "Master" makes high demands on the communicativecompetencies of future specialists, which requires attention to the development of listening skills forundergraduates. Meanwhile, teachers and undergraduates are not adequately provided with methods formonitoring the quality of listening.Aim: to develop a questionnaire for self-assessment of the competence of the listening, reflectingthe effective composition of the listening. The main idea is to develop a diagnostic tool based on thestudy of the system of options for listening activities described by experts and analysis of the effectivecomposition of the diagnosed competency.The scientific significance of the work lies in the systematization and author's classification of theoptions for listening. Practical significance is in creating a new quality self-assessment tool of one of thebasic competencies.The study used methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, empirical methods of observation,conversation, and survey.The study allowed to systematize and classify models of listening activity; showed that the quality ofself-esteem can be improved by using questionnaires that reflect the effective composition of listeningoptions; allowed to determine the effectiveness of the developed methodology.
The study is a contribution to the development of didactics of postgraduate education and has prospectsfor further development.Key words: self-assessment of the competence of a listening in a magistracy.


e14549Background: In preclinical studies, a plant-based, low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet, also known as fasting mimicking diet (FMD), has demonstrated anticancer activity that is me...


This paper is concerned with the active control of sound fields in enclosures. Specifically, the numerical problem of determining the optimum locations of control sensors and actuators is addressed. A new method for determining the optimum secondary sources strength is proposed, based on the explicit prediction of the sound field, which makes the simulation of realistic acoustical applications feasible, in terms of the enclosure's boundary conditions. The irregular geometry of a car cabin with complex boundary conditions is used in order to demonstrate the application of the new method to a test case where the existing methods cannot theoretically apply without resolving to significant numerical error. The new method of determining the secondary sources strength is combined with a modified genetic and a gradient optimization algorithm so as to locate the optimum positions of active noise control transducers for global sound field control. The overall algorithm, constituting of the method for calculating the secondary sources' strength and the optimization algorithms, is adjusted with computational improvements for better performance.


Time-resolved light scattering and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies were performed on blends of polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) and sulfonated EPDM ionomer neutralized with zinc cation (ZnSEPDM). The temperature exhibiting maximum crystalline growth rate (T G,max ) decreased as ZnSEPDM contents were increased. The results of wide-angle X-ray diffraction also confirmed that the degree of crystallinity of PP-g-MAH decreased when the content of the ionomer was increased. A shift in the glass transition temperatures of both EPDM and PP phases in the blends was observed, confirming the enhanced miscibility between PP and EPDM. It was concluded from the FTIR spectroscopic studies that the enhanced miscibility is caused by a specific interaction between PP-g-MAH and ZnSEPDM.


The purpose of this paper is to review the configuration and point out the weaknesses of the main legal regimes of environmental protection of the Mediterranean Sea applicable to the implementation of marine renewable energies in the maritime and coastal areas of the EU, focusing on some parts of the south coast of Spain. Renewable energy sources have become a strategic industry for Europe over the last years due, among other things, to the need for finding cheap and clean energy sources. Within this context, marine renewable energies attract a lot of attention from the EU and several Member States. However, the development of this industry without a sound environmental protection and preservation policy and regulation, might well result in a rather negative impact on the affected marine ecosystems. On the other hand, the legal framework established by the EU and other international legal regimes for the protection of the marine environment seems to give much room for Member States putting economic objectives before environmental considerations.


In order to improve the quality and precision of seismic data, taking out or suppressing interference wave consisting in the earthquake wave will be one important link in the digital processing of seismic data .The fast Fournier transformation resolves big points N into certain dot's DFT combinations .And then breaking a large number of multiply operations to add operations and a small quality of multiply operations, thus the computation speed of the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) will be enhanced greatly. The widespread uses of FFT make it to be a powerful tool in digital signal processing. The present paper will introduce the quite comprehensive narration of the principle of filter, the characteristic of fast Fournier transformation algorithm principle as well as the realization.


Beneficial effects of cortisone and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on acute manifestations of rheumatic fever have recently been described. 1 In particular, the effects on rheumatic polyarthritis and carditis have been studied. Since acute chorea is generally believed to be another manifestation of rheumatic fever, 2 we considered it of interest to determine the effects of cortisone in two cases of chorea that have recently come under our observation. To one of the patients pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone was also administered. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.— J. S., a 3 year old boy, was admitted to Beth Israel Hospital on June 18, 1950. Four weeks previously he had experienced a gradual onset of weakness of both arms and legs, associated with uncontrollable, purposeless movements of his limbs and face. Difficulty in swallowing and in speaking followed, and the patient was unable to sit or stand without support. Two weeks prior to


Cross-border insolvency cases are at the cutting edge of international litigation of all kinds. They are generating remarkable developments in doctrine and in systems cooperation. In re Nortel importantly develops a new and important approach to corporate groups that may compel pro rata distribution of certain assets to all creditors of the group while avoiding any overall equitable subordination or piercing of the corporate veil. Yet the case also demonstrates that deference to the corporate form within an integrated group of corporations can result in very expensive litigation, especially in multinational cases. A major issue that results is allocation of group value among creditors. Procedurally, Nortel's achievements in a value-maximizing global sale of assets and joint judicial proceedings across national borders represent a rejection of territorialism and reveal the enormous advantages of modified universalism in cross-border cases.


TIBS 13- No~:ember 1988 437 with alanine and other amino acids in an open cycle. Further progress should have applied benefits, for example in relation to the cycle as a target for herbicides (such as the GS inhibitor phosphinothricin) which block enzymes of the pathway. There are clearly still sufficient problems to act as a stimulus for at least a further decade of research. Acknowledgements We thank P. J. Lea and R. D. Black- well for useful suggestions about the design of Fig. 1. References


The work in progress on the CEF Action National Language Technology Platform (NLTP) is presented. The Action aims at combining the most advanced Language Technology (LT) tools and solutions in a new state-of-the-art, Artificial Intelli- gence (AI) driven, National Language Technology Platform (NLTP).


The stream in the study area meandered through a wide river bed of shifting sand. It svas typically shallow, with an occasional hole about one meter deep and a normal flow of about 20 cfs. River conditions were llsually stable, protected from flooding by Cedar Bluff Reservoir a short distance upstream. Catfish were collected by electroshocking; aged by sectioning a pectoral spine, and their growth determined by calculating lengths from nzeasurements of spine annuli. The spine radius (mm) and total fish lengi (mm) relationship determined with 386 fish was L 3.27 + 119.61 S. The growth results were obtained from 349 Ssh from ages I through VII. The calculated lengths of the se^Ten age groups were 34, 120, 174, 209, 240, 298 and 336 mm. This was slow growi when compared with lengths of populations from other areas. It was corlcluded Fat slow growth and absence of large fish resulted primarily from ie shifting sandy stream bed hindering bottom fauna production and the absence of deep sheltered holes to protect larger ISsh.


A review of results and techniques on the existence of regular radial solutions to second order elliptic boundary value problems driven by  linear and quasilinear operators is presented. Of particular interest are results where the solvability of a given  elliptic problem can be analyzed by the relationship between the  spectrum of the operator and the behavior of the nonlinearity near infinity and at zero.  Energy arguments and Pohozaev type identities are used extensively in that analysis. An appendix with a proof of the contraction mapping  principle best suited for using continuous dependence to ordinary  differential equations on initial conditions is presented. Another appendix on the phase plane analysis as needed to take advantage  of initial conditions is also included. For studies on singular solutions  the reader is referred to Ardila et al., Milan J. Math (2014)  and references therein.
See also https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/special/02/c2/abstr.html


In order to maintain the heterogeneous community before the transformation of ownership,Mao Zedong stood for "not to mention the slogan of the class struggle" among the working class,the national bourgeoisie,the rural and urban petty bourgeoisie.After that,in order to create the homogeneous community,Mao Zedong insisted on "the class struggle as the key link" among these classes.When the "unity-criticism-unity" was not convinced by the objects of the class struggle,Mao chose to continue the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.


In a challenging business environment, organizations are striving to stay competitive. Cloud computing is changing the way IT services is being provided and managed. Cloud computing is becoming more relevant in that the benefits of cloud computing include reducing infrastructure and maintenance costs, increasing operational efficiencies, availability and flexibility. However, like any other technology, both strategically and operationally, the organizations are not very confident in adoption and using it. Therefore, in an attempt to help South African organizations to leverage off the benefits of cloud computing. This paper focuses on how cloud computing may be strategically adopted and use in South Africa from the context of individual Information Technology Professionals. To achieve these South African organizations require a means to adopt and use cloud computing. To this point, the contribution of this paper is a framework, based on Contingency Theory, Stakeholder Theory and Technology-Organization-Environment Framework (TOE), that South African organization can use to strategically position cloud computing as preferred technology in a uniformed and coordinated manner. This study applies interpretivism philosophy and case study to understand the cloud computing adoption and use in South African organizations. The study participants were purposefully selected based on their knowledge, experience and views on cloud computing. The main contribution of this paper is the strategic cloud computing framework that can be used by decision-makers to strategically adopt and use cloud computing in a uniformed and coordinated manner in South African organizations.


The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of incomings academics of a degree course in Physical Education (PE) from a public university in the southern region of Brazil about themselves and the teaching profession. We characterized the research as qualitative in form of case study. The instrument for the collection of information was a questionnaire being the interpretation of the answers through of content analysis. Participated twenty incoming academics of the said course. We concluded that for the majority of the incoming academics studied the school trajectory in basic education influenced considerably the option fur degree course in PE as profession, predominating an unconscious option, because, at least if not reported well about it, bringing a conception of PE represented by sport and that therefore have an attractiveness by teaching oscillating between the yes and the no.


In many-electron systems, the interelectronic angle density A(θ12) represents the probability density function for the interelectronic angle θij spanned by position vectors ri and rj of any two electrons to be θ12. It is shown that in general the interelectronic angle density A(θ12) is expressed by a linear combination of Legendre polynomials Pn(cos θ12). Explicit formulas for the expansion coefficients are presented for atoms described by determinantal wave functions. The results are applied to the 102 atoms He through Lr in their ground states within the Hartree–Fock framework, and the expansion coefficients as well as the average interelectronic angles 〈θ12〉 are reported.


Bill Noble retired physician in palliative care If the medical profession is serious about a neutral position on assisted dying1 it cannot be the instrument of the law to legalise it. I fear that patients' trust in doctors could be the mechanism that leads some of them to make a choice that suits everyone but themselves. Am I the only medically qualified person in the UK to believe that "assisted dying" is nothing to do with me? My patients, in general practice or palliative care, never sought my permission to be born, find a partner, or procreate. So why make doctors the ones to decide who may die with the help of the state? It is the conflation of assisted dying, physician assisted suicide, and euthanasia with some sort of treatment of suffering that threatens to inveigle vulnerable patients with a terminal illness who are receiving inadequate care in an underfunded sector to acquiesce to a premature exit. The data from every jurisdiction where any form of medically sanctioned death is legal confirm that the motive is more commonly to do with fear of indignity or burdening others than avoidance of physical suffering.2 Every study that has measured doctors' ability to estimate survival with terminal illness has demonstrated our unreliability.3 The only reason advocates of assisted dying want us to do it is that we are still, despite everything, trusted to recommend the best for our patients, absolving everyone else from the abandonment that assisted suicide represents. To be clear, I am not against suicide or, if we achieve a just society, state sponsored consensual killing. Let the advocates of assisted dying follow the logic of their libertarian position and enshrine it in a legal process, carried out by the legal establishment, removed from the fantasy of a therapeutic release from intolerable natural mortality.


Morphological changes that occur at an ion bombarded surface as a result of erosion by sputtering can be utilized for the machining of cylindrical ly symmetric submicron structures. Such structuring has produced tungsten field emitters of conical configuration with variable cone half angle. A conical equipotential surface with an included half angle of 49.3" would be a useful emitter substrate for experiments designed to produce an equilibrium conical interface to a conducting fluid in an applied electric field. Taylor used a similar structure to support a Taylor cone so that the electric field near the cone could have the proper distribution when, and if, the fluid surface assumed a conical form.


A conception of natural science as primarily politics by other means animates the so-called "science wars." Ideologists dispute over competing conceptions of scientific rationality or objectivity. On the one hand, debunkers maintain that the hard sciences endorse beliefs that only reflect—sometimes consciously, sometimes not— efforts to legitimate nonscientific interests (typically, ones connected to gaining or maintaining political or social advantage). On the other hand, the "scientific faithful" portray science as providing an undistorted window on the natural world, a perspective almost magically disconnected from social influence. One must laud Philip Kitcher's ambition in Science, Truth, and Democracy to find a via media between these extremes. Kitcher's analysis evolves through two broad divisions: "Part I: The Search for Truth," and "Part II: The Claims of Democracy." The two divisions fit in the following way. Part I defends scientific inquiry as a search for truth, while acknowledging that what truth is is no simple matter. In particular, the questions for which scientists seek (true) answers themselves reflect interests particular to the place and time of those asking the questions. In this regard, reflections in Part I lead to the conclusion that although science connects with a world not of human making, the pieces with which scientists attempt to connect strongly reflect social and cultural interests. This prepares readers for the discussion in Part II, which asks what constraints on research should be imposed. Not all knowledge is worth having. The constraints that emerge involve those which ideal deliberators would


Optic neuritis is a serious condition which typically involves the young adult population. Years ago it was thought that one third of optic neuritis patients would go on to have neurological symptoms from multiple sclerosi s (MS). More recent studies show its association with vaccination & ethambutol treatment in tuberculosis. The present article is alert to the symptoms of optic neuritis, its diagnostic criteria , association with various serious diseases and some herbal tre atment to counteract associated symptoms.


In modern life, we face many problems, one of which is the increasingly serious traffic jam. The cause is the large volume of vehicles, inadequate infrastructure and unreasonable distribution, and ineffective traffic signal control. This requires finding methods to optimize traffic flow, especially during peak hours. To optimize traffic flow, it is necessary to determine the traffic density at each time in the streets and intersections. This paper proposed a novel approach to traffic density estimation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and computer vision. The experimental results with UCSD traffic dataset show that the proposed solution achieved the worst estimation rate of 98.48% and the best estimation rate of 99.01%.


Asphalt is a very complex mixture containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons bearing long chain aliphatics and few functional groups including phenols, carboxylic acids, amines, and sulfides. Vanadium, nickel, and iron are also found in trace amounts. When asphalt is used in pavement it is exposed to environmental weathering which changes it chemically and hence, physically, causing it to harden. This hardening makes the asphalt more susceptible to cracking and has been thought to be caused mainly by the increase of polar interactions between asphalt molecules. This increase would be due to the production of additional polar functional groups by air oxidation which is a freeradical process called autoxidation. For this reason, it is important to be able to easily identify functional groups in asphalt and to determine how they are affected by weathering. Examination of functional groups before and after asphalt pavement weathering has been accomplished by NMR spectroscopy. Phenols have been derivitized using a novel method involving specific phenol methylation using sodium hydride and 13C enriched methyl iodide, NaHZ3CH3I, in a one-step process. The methylated phenols have then been quantified using the Inverse Gated NMR experiment. Benzylic carbons are thought to be prime positions for the free-radical air oxidation forming benzylic ketones. The changes in these positions, upon both laboratory and actual road aging, have been relatively quantified using the 2D Inverse COLOC NMR experiment. It has been found that benzylic protons decrease in actual road aged asphalts. However, in laboratory aged asphalts, this is not neccessarily the case. In fact, benzylic protons sometimes increase upon laboratory aging. FT-IR spectroscopy has also confirmed the formation of carbonyl groups upon weathering which supports the benzylic carbon free-radical air oxidation theory. It has also been found that certain additives such as MnO2 tend to oxidize the benzylic carbons in neat, unweathered asphalt. Fingerprinting and mass identification of smaller molecules in asphalt has been accomplished through Gel Permeation Chromatograpy (GPC) Fractionation along with Laser Desorption Time-ofFlight Mass Spectrometry (LD TOF MS). Individual asphalts can be distinguished from the GPC fractions of the smaller molecules by recognizing that each asphalt gives a specific peak pattern in its LD mass spectrum. In addition, complete base line resolution of the LD mass spectra of the these lower molecular size GPC fractions has allowed identification of possible core molecules in asphalt that are alkyl substituted to varying degrees.


of the postwar U. S. economy in the Tinbergen-Klein [32, 15, and 16] tradition,2 and to apply the model to an analysis of certain types of monetary and fiscal policy. The model is crude and exploratory,3 and the analysis is in aggregate terms. Needless to say, the U. S. economy cannot be adequately described by such a simple model, and the findings are necessarily highly tentative. The model and the simulations presented here are the initial result of a limited attempt to gain some knowledge about certain aspects of the economy in quantitative terms and to throw some light on the problems involved. The lag in effect in monetary and fiscal policy (Baumol [3], Culbertson [7 and 8], and Friedman [12]) is a case in point. Such a problem cannot be settled by theoretical analysis. An indication of the answer to the question can only be obtained through a quantitative study, however crude the approach and the indication may be. The model is constructed on fifty quarterly observations from the third quarter of 1947 to the fourth quarter of 1959. The structural equations are presented in Appendix A, with the variables and the sources of data listed in Appendix B. Sections 1-3 describe the model. The investment and consumption functions are presented in Section 1. A sub-model on inventory and price movements is formulated in Section 2. Functions for monetary and certain other variables are presented in Section 3. Extrapolations for the magnitudes of the major components of gnp are computed for 1960 and the first quarter of 1961 from the respective individual equations in Sections 1 1 The author wishes to express appreciation to the Ford Foundation whose faculty research fellowship made this research possible, to the Social Science Research Center of Cornell University for grants to support the initial computations, and to his colleagues at the Cornell Computing Center for their untiring cooperation. He is indebted to Marc Nerlove and A. S. Goldberger for discussion at various stages of the preparation


The invention relates to a radiation hardened and high reliable phase-change memory device unit with the related processing method, comprising a phase-change memory which processes the peripheral circuit on a strengthening substrate that is radiation hardened, a storing unit which comprises a reversible phase-change resistance and a pn junction diode that forms a structure of one D and one R. The invention seals the structure of one D and one R with dielectric materials such as SiO2 and has a small one D and one R device unit and a small interaction rate of rays and particles , realizing the ability of irradiation of one D and one R storing unit, and the storing unit dissipates heat through an upper pole and a lower pole and adjusts heat balance point through the thickness of a heat resistance layer between a phase-change material and an electrode material, the storing arrays formed by radiation hardened one D and one R storing unit and the peripheral circuit on the SOI substrate form the radiation hardened phase-change memory.


This paper studies continuous bridge spanning shallow sea channel.The mass-spring system was used to simulate foundation and subgrade;the finite element common software was used to build the whole-pile model considering pile-soil-structure interaction,the incomplete-pile model considering pile-soil-structure interaction with cutting out the pile in the original rock,the three-dimensional finite element model without considering pile-soil interaction.It also studies three-dimensional earthquake dynamic time history analysis,and analyses the influence of pile- soil-structure interaction on the dynamic property,the influence of pile-soil-structure interaction at different earthquake simulation on the reflection of displacement and internal force.


Objective:To give a good evidence for clinical treatment through studying tooth temperature rising process produced by laser radiation.Methods:Based on the finite difference,the temperature distribution of the tooth varying with the time was simulated by heat conduction equation.The influence of pulse width and pulse number on the temperature of tooth was investigated.Resluts:The results show that surface temperature of tooth increases quickly and reaches a maximum value during laser radiation,decreases slowly after laser radiation.The tooth temperature decreases with the depth increasing.When the laser energy is assigned to multiple pulses,the surface temperature of tooth decreases and the temperature of the dental pulp increased.The surface temperature of tooth and dental pulp temperature both increase with the pulse width increment.Conclusion:Based on the temperature threshold of the dental pulp,the maximum value of pulsed numbers is given.


Abstract Background: There is a lack of evidence-based knowledge about the effectiveness of home-based OT for older adults aimed at improving occupational performance by practicing activities and tasks. Aim: This review synthesizes and discusses evidence for the effectiveness of occupation-focused and occupation-based OT for older adults at home. Material and methods: Peer-reviewed quantitative papers were included. Participants: ≥ 60-year-old adults with functional limitations. Intervention: OT aiming at improving occupational performance, primarily through the practice of activities and tasks. Outcome: Occupational performance. Context: Home. Three reviewers critically appraised 13 of 995 detected papers. Extracted data were presented and summarized descriptively. Results: Eight high-quality papers showed that occupation-focused and occupation-based OT using cognitive, behavioral and environmental strategies may significantly improve occupational performance in older, home-dwelling adults with physical health problems. Maintaining achieved improvements was a consistent challenge. Conclusions and significance: Evidence suggests that older adults' occupational performance can be significantly improved through low-intensity occupation-focused and occupation-based intervention. It is recommended to develop and test high-intensity OT programs and maintenance programs.


The BioChangeMeadows database (GIVD ID EU-DE-008) contains samples of moist and mesic meadows in northern and central Germany, and covers both historical (1950s and 1960s) and more recent (1990s, 2008) releves. Analyses showed that plot-level diversity has decreased tremendously over time, which was largely irrespective of landscape context. Plant community composition shifted as well with decreasing numbers of insect-pollinated herbs and increasing numbers of grasses. Functional diversity showed similarly large declines as taxomomic diversity. Historical and current vegetation maps are also available and can be retrieved from the authors upon request.


PURPOSE: To optimize the start and the end of an automatic braking process while braking a vehicle by calculating a threshold value of a brake pedal actuation speed by multiplying a fixed threshold value and at least one factor, and by calculating the factor in relation to an amount representative of a vehicle driving state. CONSTITUTION: In order to decide a threshold value Seff of actuation speeds vB in a brake pedal 10 of a vehicle, an excess of the threshold value Seff is used as a single switch-on criterion for triggering of an automatic braking process. After the automatic brake process is triggered, a brake pressure that is greater than a brake pedal obtained from a brake pedal position is built up automatically to define the actuation speeds vB of a fixed threshold value 81. Here, the fixed threshold value 81 is multiplied by at least one factor to calculate the threshold value Seff. On the other hand, a factor f is calculated in relation to an amount representative of a vehicle driving state. A strain gauge 2 for composing a force-measuring device 1 is arranged on the brake pedal 10. The strain gauge 1 permits detection of actuation force Kb applied to the brake pedal, and the automatic braking process is ended when predetermined threshold value Ks of force is exceeded.


The present invention relates to a submarine, particularly submarine is completely dissolved in the array, and hold the outlet tube having a predetermined length in the sub outside and an exhaust gas is extended to the submarine below the sea water in order to completely dissolve the exhaust gas generated during underwater sailing It relates to a submarine having an exhaust emission structure of the underwater sailing to keep the time and the pressure which may be. The configuration of the present invention for achieving the above object, the casing structure non-air propulsion device 110 and a water cooling system equipment 160, the pressure hull (10 which is installed to generate a submarine propulsion of the inner side by 20 ) for in covered submarine, are connected so that the exhaust gas flows generated by the non-air propulsion device 110, the exhaust gas wherein the ratio in the underside of the outer side or the casing structure 20 of the pressure hull (10) external air driving device 110 and the sea water cooling system equipment (160) of the at least one dissolved gas are the extended to the bottom of the submarine as to be completely dissolved in the time and pressure maintenance so that the cooling water or cold water inlet length from the exhaust pipe (150 ) it characterized in that it comprises a. Submarine, non-ambient air propulsion apparatus, the exhaust gas


Drought stress due to water deficit is a major problem of rice cultivation as a most drought-sensitive crop plant. The present work on "Studies on drought induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant metabolism in some traditional rice varieties of Assam" comprises six chapters. During the present study, twenty one traditional rice varieties collected from six different agroclimaic zones of Assam were used for screening their drought tolerability along with two controls viz., sahbhagi dhan and IR64. Artificial drought was imposed with 15% and 20% PEG 6000 after one week of growth in hydroponic conditions, and growth parameters were measured like germination index, shoot and root growth, fresh and dry weight, relative water content as well as chlorophyll content. Rice cultivars were arbitrarily grouped into five classes with a range of highly sensitive to tolerant using standard evaluation score methods. Out of total, eight rice viz., bora, prosad bhog, kola joha, helash bora, salihoi bao, kola amona, ronga bora and sok-bonglong could be identified as potential drought tolerant rice that were carried forward for further biochemical investigations to determine their antioxidant protection mechanisms in water stress.


The concept of duality reflects a link between two seemingly different physical objects. An example from quantum mechanics is a situation where the spectra (or their parts) of two different Hamiltonians go into one another under a certain transformation. In this paper we resolve a long-noticed puzzle of matching between the perturbative and WKB expansions of dual energy levels in such potentials. Our approach to this class of problems is based on studying the global properties of the Riemann surface of the quantum momentum function, a natural quantum-mechanical analogue to the classical momentum. Being based on the position representation of the Schrödinger equation and the analytic properties of the wave functions, it explains the matching of the WKB and perturbative series to all orders. Our approach also reveals the classical origins of duality.


Agriculture is a dominant economic activity in India. About 70% of its population is directly or directly related and dependent on agriculture so the availability of land for cultivation is important for those people who are engaged in agriculture. Cropping pattern is also an important aspect to know the agricultural scenario of any area. The pattern of cropping is very much affected by population growth and other physical and economic factors. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the changing cropping pattern in Bundelkhand Region in the last two decades from 1994-95 to 2014-15.The major crops that occupy the agricultural land of the region are Cereals(40.52%),Pulses(41.06%),Oilseeds(15.46%),Cash crops(1.31%),Fodder(0.35%)and Other crops(1.29%). In this time of 20 years (1994-95 to 2014-15), a trend of positive change is found in all groups except fodder and other crops.


This paper analyzes the regional income polarization and its change in rural China using the newly developed polarization measure index and the corresponding decomposition formulas.The results show that: Firstly,the degree of polarization increased with fluctuation before 2006,then decreased year by year;Wage income played the most important role in the degree of polarization,in contrast,the contribution of property income and transferability income increased year by year.The structure effect of income change would raise the polarization while the concentration effect played the opposite role in the changes in polarization.


Agronomic and physiological traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are important to breeders for selecting high‐yielding and resilient genotypes. However, direct measurement of these traits is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. This study assessed the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)‐based hyperspectral imaging and machine learning (ML) techniques to predict three agronomic traits (biomass, pod count, and yield) and two physiological traits (photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) in peanut under drought stress. Two different approaches were evaluated. The first approach employed eighty narrowband vegetation indices as input features for an ensemble model that included K‐nearest neighbors, support vector regression, random forest, and multi‐layer perceptron (MLP). The second approach utilized mean and standard deviation of canopy spectral reflectance per band. The resultant 400 features were used to train a deep learning (DL) model consisting of one‐dimensional convolutional layers followed by an MLP regressor. Predictions of the agronomic traits obtained using feature learning and DL (R2 = 0.45–0.73; symmetric mean absolute percentage error [sMAPE] = 24%–51%) outperformed those obtained using feature engineering and conventional ML models (R2 = 0.44–0.61, sMAPE = 27%–59%). In contrast, the ensemble model had a slightly better performance in predicting physiological traits (R2 = 0.35–0.57; sMAPE = 37%–70%) compared to the results obtained from the DL model (R2 = 0.36–0.52; sMAPE = 47%–64%). The results showed that the combination of UAV‐based hyperspectral imaging and ML techniques have the potential to assist breeders in rapid screening of genotypes for improved yield and drought tolerance in peanut.


The scattering fraction of X-rays incident on a polymethil–methacrylate/aluminum phantom have been calculated from the measured spectra of the primary and scattered radiation in different directions. Constant potential X-ray equipment has been utilized to produce beams with a maximum energy in the range 40-90 keV. The energy spectra have been measured by means of an Amptek XR-100CR system with a silicon PIN photodiode detector. The raw spectra have been corrected for the dependence of the detector efficiency on the photon energy, and utilized to determine the ambient dose equivalent (ADE) due to the primary beams and to the radiation scattered at the angles 30o, 90o and 150o with the incident beam direction. The spectra have been calibrated in kerma units by means of the data obtained simultaneously with an ionization chamber. For the determination of the ADE, the kerma spectra (grays) was converted to sievert units through the energy dependent factors published in the ICRU 57 report. Scattering fractions were determined as the ratio of these two ADE values, according to the 453 Brazilian Health Ministry Rule. Results show that the obtained angular dependence of the scattering fractions follows the same behavior of previous measurements recently published.


From the angle of history, the paper analyses the competitive orientation and it's in the development of the financial industry, points out the connection between it and the type of stuucture, single or multi-operation business and financial supervision, and points out the revelation to some problems concerning the development of the financial industry of China.


Between 1975 and 1981, 29 children with Hodgkin's disease, 22 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 13 with lymphadenopathy from various nonmalignant causes were studied with respect to the usefulness of serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as markers of disease activity. Although elevated copper and ceruloplasmin levels were indicators of disease activity in the childhood lymphomas, and in patients with Hodgkin's disease the levels tended to be higher in those with advanced clinical stage, they were no better markers of disease activity than the ESR. Moreover, elevated serum copper and ceruloplasmin were nonspecific, since one child with benign lymphadenopathy and one Hodgkin's disease patient with an infection had raised levels. Low levels of copper and ceruloplasmin were found in four jaundiced patients probably because of impaired hepatic synthesis of ceruloplasmin. The authors conclude that serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels are no better markers of disease activity in children with lymphomas than is the ESR.


Three field experiments were carried out in the Experimental Station, Faculty of Agric, Cairo Univ. during three seasons (1997, 1998 and 1999). Giza 75 variety was used in 1997 and Giza 89 in 1998 and 1999 to investigate the response of cotton plant to irrigation after different depletion levels of available soil moisture (40, 60 and 80 %) under three levels of NPK fertilizers to determine the best treatment of irrigation interval and fertilizer level which gives the highest yield and quality. Results obtained indicated that, irrigation and fertilizer levels, with one exception , had a significant effect on number of open bolls/plant and in-significant effect on boll weight at all seasons. Irrigation at 60 % ASMD and lower or recommended. NPK levels gave the highest seed and lint cotton yields. In general irrigation and fertilizer levels had no significant effect on lint properties in 1999 season and a significant effect with few exceptions in 1997 and 1998 seasons. Irrigation at 80 % ASMD gave the lowest value of W.C.U and the highest value of W.U.E. Low NPK fertilizer level gave the highest values of fertilizer use efficiency.


A large variation in surface roughness of the procclain plates, in use on the BAM friction tester (Julius Peters), was observed and confirmed by surface texture measurement. The relationship between the friction sensitivity of primary explosives and the rubbing surface roughness was investigated by using different emery-paper grades.

The replacement of porcelain friction plates by an emery-paper test-piece is suggested. Apart from improved reliability of results, this modification to the existing technique greatly reduces the associated safety risk, costs and lesting time.


African universities are confronted with a tirade of challenges such as insufficient and still declining funding from governments, limited infrastructure, lack of advanced labs for teaching and research, high cost of best publications and databases, high student-lecturer ratios, global competition brought about by cyber space, research financing, scarce availability of academic staff, and high cost of ICT Services. Research and Education Networks (NRENs) are organizations defined as not-for-profit whose mandate is to create organizational and technical environment to support and enhance collaboration and sharing of education and research resources among universities, locally, regionally and globally. This paper examines some of the key needs and challenges the universities and research institutes confront and how NRENs can assist in addressing them. It also looks at how NRENs can create synergies with local telcoâs and services providers to lower the cost of ICT services and products. It also discusses the impact of the introducing ZAMREN on the Research and Education Institutions in Zambia


This work supports the hypothesis that the characteristics of variety performances –the lack of legal protection that fostered the exploitation of women and children, the transhumance that resulted in the impossibility of establishing stable links with the receiving society and elementary schooling in the case of the minors, the ignorance of the language in foreigners, among many other conditions– placed variety artists of the early 20th century in a situation of extreme vulnerability, distancing them from the possibility of accomplishing even a basic level of organization and connecting them to a circuit of social and legal marginality that very often involved labor exploitation, prostitution, women trafficking, abuse and other criminal offenses, before the at least indifferent and often openly hostile view of the society of their time that, paradoxically, conformed its public.


Cultural heritage and its various elements are an important factor that supports the development of tourism in destinations. One of the key factors of a successful destination is its positive image that allows it to effectively attract visitors. This paper investigates the impact of selected elements of material cultural heritage on the image of four Polish metropolitan destinations. The results indicate thathistorical and cultural heritage plays a more significantrole in creating an attractive image of a city than the city's contemporary and post-industrial facilities. Cities perceived as historical areconsideredas much more attractive to spend free time in than cities predominantly associated with industrial functions. Moreover, the presented research results confirm a relationship between the familiarity of a destination and its positive image. These features have also been observed in previous studies.


Particle size is a primary determinant of resources available to consumers and of the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic food chains. Dual radioisotopic labeling (with /sup 14/C-bicarbonate and /sup 3/H-acetate) and size fractionation of naturally-occurring phytoplankton-bacterioplankton assemblages were employed to examine the particle size distributions of planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy in four limnologically-dissimilar US reservoirs (Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada, oligo-mesotrophic; Broken Bow Lake, Oklahoma, mesotrophic; Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, eutrophic; and Normandy Lake, Tennessee, eutrophic). Small nano- and ultraphytoplankton (< 8.0 ..mu..m) and free-living bacteria (< 3.0 ..mu..m) were primarly responsible for planktonic autotrophy and microheterotrophy, respecitvely, even in eutrophic conditions. Zooplankton grazing experiments indicated that (1) most grazing pressure occurs on 3.0 to 8.0 ..mu..m particles, (2) grazer limitation of the occurrence of attached bacteria amd microbial-detrital aggregates is unlikely, and (3) free-living bacteria are inefficiently harvested, relative to algae, by most reservoir zooplankton. Relative to autorophy, the microheterotrophic conversion of allochthonous dissolved organic matter and algal excretion products to bacterial biomass appears unlikely to be a significant source of organic carbon for planktonic grazers in most reservoirs.


A neurostimulation system consisting of a reusable, four-channel, fully-implantable rechargeable neurostimulator (INS), recharger and wireless controller is described. The intent of the system is to enable acute and chronic research with stimulation codes and patterns in rodents and large animals as a means to understand the underlying neuroscience principles responsible for neuromodulation therapy, explore improved outcomes for existing therapies and identify potential new therapies. The total volume of the INS is 3cc including the rechargeable battery, stimulation system and low volume lead connector block. Wireless telemetry is inductive and operational with up to 60 cm of separation from the controller so as to enable untethered, real-time program updates.


The application of a hanging mercury drop electrode, modified by adsorption of poly-L-histidine, to the determination of CuII in aqueous solutions has been studied. Selective and rapid pre-concentration of CuII on the poly-L-histidine film was observed, even from dilute and quiescent solutions. Copper(II) was determined by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry between 5 × 10–9 and 4 × 10–7M after a 2-min accumulation time, using the reduction peak of its complex, at –0.4 V versus an Ag-AgCl reference electrode, obtained in acetate buffer solution of pH 4.5. No significant interference was observed from 1 × 10–6M levels of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chromium(III), lead(II), nickel(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II).


: Expansion of the electrical generation system in the Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland power pool will impact, and be constrained by, inland water availability. Future interpretations of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 regarding evaporative cooling towers for coastal power plants, offshore siting and energy centers, and the policies and public acceptability of low flow augmentation reservoirs are some of the issues examined in this paper using scenarios generated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Regional Energy Facility Siting Model (REFS). REFS is a multicommodity, transshipment-location linear programming model used here to allocate power plants among counties in a power pool under a minimization of cost objectives. The solutions are sensitive to the water resources assumptions in the model. For the year 2000, the amount of low flow augmentation allowed in the region's river basins and whether off-shore siting becomes a reality are the two water resources related issues which most affect the scenarios. The results show that decisions regarding specific water problems can have region wide implications for water and nonwater related issues.


The present disclosure relates to a cutting tool assembly for use in making the grooves in the microreplication tool. The cutting tool assembly is provided with a plurality of diamond are aligned with the mounting structure with a tolerance of less than the mounting structure and 10 micrometers. For example, first and second tool shank has a first and a second diamond tip, as the cutting position of the cutting position of the first diamond tip and the second diamond tip match, the mounting structure it can be positioned in. However, the second diamond tip, rather than the first diamond tip, may in the further predetermined distance away from the mounting structure, or, in the second diamond, a different shape than the first diamond tip it may be made to have. In this way, the first diamond tip may cut a groove in the workpiece, the second diamond tip, by cutting the sub mechanism in the groove to make a groove that has a plurality of mechanisms good.


Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a disorder of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure of unknown cause. It usually occurs in women in the childbearing years. There is no evidence of deformity or obstruction of the ventricular system and neuro-diagnostic studies are otherwise normal except for increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure. In addition, no secondary causes of intracranial hypertension can be found. We present a case of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a young obese female presenting as unilateral papilledema.


Freedom from Interference (FFI) is one of the critical criteria to support coexistence of elements with different criticality in a mixed-criticality system (MCS). The principle of FFI is to ensure an element with lower criticality cannot influence an element with higher criticality. Existing FFI analysis solutions mainly focus on product development phase, and most are qualitative methods. They were inefficient to provide a comprehensive coverage of trouble spots due to wide environmental or usage model variations in many applications. They were also difficult to differentiate cascading effect from common-source effect. In this paper we propose a causal learning method based upon mining in-field anomaly data, which have embodied rich real-life information, to verify FFI. It is expected to address the aforementioned challenges, providing a new way to identify interference issues.


Expert surveys have recently acquired growing popularity as a method for detecting the policy preferences of political parties as well as for obtaining information about a range of other aspects of political systems. In this case, a survey was administered to Italian journalists, accredited by the Chamber of Deputies, through the use of Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI). Fifty-five journalists, representing thirty-seven different newspapers, radio and TV broadcasters and news agencies, were interviewed, between March and April 2011. They were asked to answer a series of questions regarding the role and functions of the opposition in the Italian Parliament, its relationship with the Government and the existence of a possible Berlusconi effect on its behaviour. This article reports in detail the results of this expert survey, in order to understand how the media consider the Italian parliamentary opposition and to shed new light on this fundamental political actor.


In the following article, I will try to describe and, thus, share with my readers those moments and those segments in my life that have allowed me to be involved in the experience of musical improvisation, which is comprised of the gestures, ideas, and emotions that, together, encompass the musical objects of improvisation, and the desire, the pleasure of sharing these objects in their shaping and creation.


A new figure of merit for high-frequency noise behavior for use in the evaluation and development of bipolar silicon process technology is introduced. Basic low noise design rules for optimum transistor biasing and emitter scaling are proposed.


Objective:To discuss the probability of bone defect of peri-implant restored by BMSC-scaffolds.Methods:8 minipigs were randomly divided into two groups.One implant was placed in canine area of each mini pig.Simultaneously,the bone defects(diameter 3mm,high 5mm)around implant were made.The defect sections were implanted with BMSC-scaffold and scaffold.The cells implanted in the defect were with marked green fluorescence protein.After implanted for 1 and 3 months,the animals were sacrificed respectively.Results:New bone formed at the defect section around implants with methyl aniline blue staining in cell-scaffold group and bone grown actively.After 3 months,we could observe layered bone structure on cell-scaffold group.Conclusion:It is possible to bone defects around implant.


The dynamics of the arboreal structure of a Mixed Rain Forest was assessed in the period 1992-2003. The area belongs to the "Florestal Gateados company", located in Campo Belo do Su county, in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. The surwey was carried out in 16 sample units of 10 x 60 m (600 m²), where all individuals with DAP > 10 cm Were registered, measured and identified. After the analysis, it could be concluded that: Lithraea brasiliensis was the most representative specie in the structure of the f orest in both analised periods, and this was related to the high values of density, dominance, frequency, besides the distribution in all forest layers. The most important species, which increased their participation in the composition and structure were, Ocotea pulchella, Matayba elaeagnoides, Clethra scabra, Clethra uleana, Sebastiana commersoniana and Araucaria angustifolia; The species which decreased in their importância in the forest structure were, Myrsine coriacea,


In this paper, an UWB Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna (TSA) is presented. The proposed TSA is optimized in order to increase the bandwidth and ensure a good impedance matching at low and bandwidth frequencies while respecting the low profile. The overall size of simulated antenna is $45\times 40\times 0.8\ \text{mm}^{3}$. This antenna is designed in order to be used in bio medical application and some other radar based microwave imaging.


, using the commercial formulations: Roundup Transorb®, Roundup Original® and Zapp QI®. After 28 days of application, aerial part, root and total length (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves and primary ramifications, aerial part and root dry mass,(g) and the foliar area per plant (cm2) were evaluated. After 7, 14 and 28 application days, intoxication percentage of the plants was also evaluated. Regardless of the formulations used, glyphosate drift simulation caused injury to the yellow passion fruit, reducing plant growth. The herbicides Roundup Transorb® and Roundup Original® were more harmful than Zapp Qi®. The yellow passion fruit was susceptible to drift simulation; thus, glyphosate must be used carefully, so as to reach only the weeds to be controlled.


This essay aims to uncover the key factors for the emergence of new political parties in the decade of 2010, in Portugal. For that we considered two axes of research: the systemic axis,to ascertain the political, social and economic context; and the particularistic axis, to determine its ideological mark, ideational purpose and valences of its founders and leaders. The results point to three major conclusions: i) the crisis did not present itself as a great mobilizer for the creation of new parties; ii) the Geringonça accentuated the left vs. right divide; and iii) the opposition tends to generate new rupturing and purifying parties.


Experiments on Rossby waves on an azimuthal jet in a rapidly rotating annular tank reveal a striking barrier to mixing across the jet. A model based on the experiments assumes a two‐dimensional incompressible flow described by a time‐dependent streamfunction consisting of azimuthally propagating waves on a narrow jet. When there is only one wave, all Lagrangian particle trajectories are closed in the appropriate reference frame. When two independent waves are present, some trajectories are chaotic, and the size of the chaotic sea grows as the amplitude of the second wave is increased; however, at least one barrier to global transport—an invariant surface—prohibits trajectories from crossing the jet. The addition of a third wave is found to break the barrier only if the wave amplitudes exceed the width of the jet. In the experiment, the wave amplitude is typically about one‐half the jet width, and the barrier to mixing persists even at the highest accessible Reynolds numbers.


It is terribly popular to substituting the teaching of sports techniques for the training of keep-fit skills. This paper briefly demonstrates the relationship between the sports techniques and the keep-fit skills, and puts for- ward their differences and characteristics respectively.


This research work has developed a novel DC-to-DC converter to transfer the energy between the unevenly rated batteries in electric vehicles during emergency times by using a boost converter. The proposed converter works in step-up mode to charge the high-rated battery with the low-rated battery. The step-up converter is developed by using the PIC Controller, PWM driver, MOSFET Switches, Diodes, and capacitors. In the existing method batteries with the same voltage ratings can be charged. By utilizing the proposed model, batteries with different voltage ratings can be charged. Moreover, the output is shown in LCD dis play, which displays the voltage and state of charge of both batteries.


Objective To revise the quality standard of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and to control its quality comprehensively. Methods Tests of total ash, aid-insoluble ash and the determination of extractive were added. HPLC with C18 column was revised to control the content of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the mobile phase was a linear gradient of acetronitrile and water containing 0.1% phosphate acid, column temperature at 40 ℃ and detection wavelength at 203 nm. Results Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rg1 and Ginsenoside Re showed the good linear relationships at the range of 4.088~ 20.440 μg (r=0.9999), 0.21~2.13 μg (r=0.9999), 2.5792~12.8960 μg (r=0.9999), respectively. Their average recoveries:Ginsenoside Rb1 was 96.94% (RSD=0.59%), Ginsenoside Rg1 was 99.67% (RSD=1.14%) and Ginsenoside Re was 100.52% (RSD=1.81%), respectively. Conclusion These methods were simple. The results are accurate and reproducible. It can be used in the quality control of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprehensively.


Total predation on pupae of Helicoverpa armigera was correlated with the numbers of larvae and pupae of the lepidopteran stem borers Busseola fusca (Full.) and Chilo partellus (Swin.) in maize and grain sorghum crops. The rate of predation on planted H. armigera pupae was the same as that on pupae that had pupated naturally. In summer, levels of predation were positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with maximum and mean temperature, but this was reversed in winter. During the first period of the season (December–March) the ant, Dorylus helvolus (L.), was the most important predator in three plots and the mouse, Mastomys natalensis (Smith), was dominant in three plots. During the rest of the year (April‐November) D. helvolus was dominant in two plots and mice in three. Predation by D. helvolus on H. armigera pupae was a numerical response with a higher percentage of pupae being taken when stem borer numbers in the crops were higher. None of the other predators responded in their predation on H. armigera pupae to stem borer numbers. The correlation of predation by D. helvolus on H. armigera pupae with stem borer numbers suggests that the latter were an important prey. Other predators in descending order of importance were Cardiophorinae larvae, the Doryline ant Aenictus sp., larvae of Astylus atromaculatus Bl. (Coleoptera, Melyridae), tenebrionid larvae, larvae and adults of Heteronychus arator F., carabid larvae and adults, staphylinids and Dermaptera.


Shipping is largely a free market, leaving a considerable scope for ship owners to set their operating policy. This includes the level of expenditure on safety and pollution prevention, maintenance costs and the degree of compliance with international standards. This is possible because of the approach and attention of the different bodies in charge of ensuring or monitoring compliance. The effect is that not only safety and environmental protection standards, but also the operation costs, vary considerably, from the quality-conscious ship owner to the unscrupulous substandard owner, who even disregards the basic and absolute minimum requirements of safe and pollution free ship operation. The paper deals with the program to improve the safety and environmental standards in shipping, at the same time making standard ship operations economically more attractive.


A visualization experiment is conducted with respect to the operation of pulsating heat pipes. Under different conditions of filling rate, inclination angles, section shape and heating rate, tests are conducted on the operation of the pulsating heat pipes. The results of the tests indicate that the pulsating heat pipes represent a kind of very effective heat dissipation technology. There exists a heat transfer limit for the pulsating heat pipes. During operations at an optimum filling rate (50%) and an optimum inclination angle (50°), the pulsating heat pipes have a maximum heat transfer limit with a minimum heat transfer resistance under a high heat flux density. In the case of a relatively small heat flux density the pulsating heat pipe with a triangular channel will be superior to that with a square-shaped channel. However, when the heat flux density is relatively great, the shape of the channel will not have any significant influence on heat resistance and unit section heat-transfer limit. The size of the channel exercises a very small influence on the thermal performance of the heat pipes.


Abstract. The hydrothermal alteration in Ghuzayn Volcanics was associated with mineralization and accumulation of three massive sulfide deposits. The Ghuzayn Volcanics were discriminated into basaltic and andesitic lavas. The crossplots of Zr versus Nb, Y, Hf, La and Lu show that they fall in the same linear fractionation trends with more evolved affinities in the andesitic lavas compared to the less evolved affinities in the basaltic lavas. The immobile trace element contents of the Ghuzayn Volcanics show that they are of oceanic to continental tholeiitic affinity which fall in the fields of back‐arc basin basalt, N‐MORB and island arc tholeiite all meet and match with the field of the Lau‐Tonga back‐arc basin lavas.


The practical implementation of free-space quantum information tasks requires entanglement to be sustained over long distances and in the presence of turbulent and noisy environments. The transverse position-momentum entanglement of photon pairs produced by parametric down-conversion has found several uses in quantum information science, however, it is not suitable for applications involving long-distance propagation as the entanglement decays very rapidly when photons propagate away from their source. Entanglement is lost after a few centimetres of propagation, and the effect becomes even more pronounced in turbulent environments. In contrast, in this article, we show that entanglement in the angle-orbital angular momentum (OAM) bases exhibits a remarkably different behaviour. As with the position-momentum case, initially, the angle-OAM entanglement decays with propagation, but as the photons continue to travel further from the source, the photons regain their strongly correlated behaviour, and the entanglement returns. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate this behaviour and show that entanglement returns even in the presence of strong turbulence. The only effect of turbulence is to increase the propagation distance for revival, but once revived, the two photons remain entangled up to an arbitrary propagation distance. This work highlights the role that OAM-angle entanglement will play in applications where quantum information is shared over long distances.


Nowadays there is a topic of urban edges due to the fast growth of the cities. Bogota is a city that hasn t thought in its edges as a structural element, with Savanna articulation and sustainability within the urban structure. The western edge (Rio Bogota) has become a space where urban dynamics as: Conurbation, expansion, densification, consolidation, etc., are being developed by the fast growth of the city, settlements in vulnerable flood areas and non-conservation of the main ecological structure, causing ruptures in the relationship and integration between urban and rural sectors, where the river currently acts as a limit and a barrier of the urban perimeter as mentioned in development plans in the urban structure, beyond an interface as an integrating, articulating and harmonizing urban and rural area space. The articulation between Bogota - Sabana raised as an interface, it s understood as a space, fringe or transition zone at the edge of the city that generates links to the rural-urban relations through: mobility, production sustainability, reserves, dynamics and urban settlements, and its influence on local, regional, national and international relations. Therefore, the project develops an urban proposal for the western edge through interaction and complementation of environmental, urban, social and productive structures to recover this space and set up a transition zone between urban and rural areas where it can become part of the structure of the city and it stop being seen as a dividing line but rather as a relationship passage between the city and the surrounding urban area where access to benefits such as services, infrastructure and employment is set in a high environmental quality edge.


A 15×104 m3 crude oil tank was analyzed by the famous nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS. The stress distribution of the whole tank was calculated and the stress distribution was evaluated based on the design standard of pressure vessel. The analysis shows that the tank is safe for storing crude oil. The stresses in tank wall, except the upper and lower parts of the wall, are at uniformly high level. The highest stress locates at the lower second layer of the wall. The stresses in bottom plates are low. But the stresses at welding inner corner between wall and bottom are higher than the permitted stress of the material. However, by classifying the stresses, they satisfy the relevant standard requirement.


Abstract Since the late 1970s, Britain has moved from a Keynesian welfare state model toward a mode of governance where economic reasoning replaces politics. Education in England has not escaped this shift from government to governance described as neoliberalism. This shift toward a new governing rationality has taken shape within the English education system since the 1980s through new public management regimes and networked governance; it has accelerated with academies, or schools run outside of local authority oversight. This paper explores how Multi-Academy Trusts (MATs), or chains of academies directed by a centralized Trust Board, takes neoliberalism's governing rationality further as opaque networks of power are consolidated. Through tracing the narratives of MAT CEOs, government officials and union organizers, this paper shows how network governance enables neoliberal rationalities to predominate within MAT structures where authoritarian practices become normalized. Democratic ideals become bumps in the road to market-orientated progress requiring removal from education.


Lighting effect can improve the reality of 3-D scene remarkably.In this article,the author introduces a common lighting model systematically,and implements this lighting model using HLSL shader language.This model can be used in most of real-time rendering system.


Reconstruction after mastectomy for breast carcinoma with implants or myocutaneous flaps is a widely used surgical technique. Recurrence of breast carcinoma after these procedures is uncommon. Most recurrences occur in the skin or scar site of the mastectomy and are readily detectable by physical examination. There are rare reported cases of recurrent carcinoma occurring within the flaps that are usually diagnosed with the aid of imaging and subsequent pathologic examination. In most cases, these recurrences represent invasive or in situ ductal carcinoma. We report an additional 2 cases of breast carcinoma recurring within the myocutaneous flap, both of which exhibited uncommon histologic features not previously reported.


The new compound have been synthesis with the chlorination reaction of vanillin which aims to produce vanillin chlorinated as raw material in the synthesis of analogues of curcumin with Cl substituents on the aromatic ring. The structure of this compound have been elucidated. Chlorination of vanillin performed using Cl2 gas, which produced by reaction of kaporit with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction takes at temperature 35oC for 30 minutes, with the AlCl3 as catalyst and THF as solvent. The purity of compound synthesized are determined by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The structure identification of the compound synthesized conducted using spectrometry techniques, including UV–Vis spectra, infrared spectra (cm-1, KBr) and Nuclear Magnetic resonance proton spectra (, ppm, DMSO-d6, 1 H–NMR, 500 MHz). Chlorination reaction of vanillin produced yellow crystal of 5 chloro–4–hydroxy–3–methoxybenzaldehyde, its melting point is 163.3 to 164.8oC. The average yield obtained of the this reseach is 40.54%.


annually and provide up to two thirds of all synthesized polymers, thereby providing cheap and light substances for packaging, furni-ture and other construction in our every day life. Although synthetic polymers have been criticized for the crucial problem of environmental pollution, polyolefi n materials should be recognized as sustainable mate-rials because they are composed of pure hydrocarbon components with low negative environmental impact. They also have helped by transfer-ring the role played by natural oil resources into fuels. In addition, there is no doubt that polyolefi ns pro-vide hydrophobic materials, saving manpower on cleaning, and they can play a role in protecting natural materials. Similar to ecological agri-cultural products, scientists should stand up to emphasize the impor-tance and contributions of polyole-fi ns through continuing innovations of catalysis and materials. From an academic viewpoint, to elevate the profi ts of the polyolefi n industry, effective catalytic systems are forever in demand; moreover, the development of new catalytic systems is eagerly sought for value-added polyolefi ns in such a highly competi-tive industry. With personal discus-sions and the advice of Prof. Vincenzo Busico and Dr. Stefan Spiegel, this special issue focuses on the develop-ments of Z iegler–Natta, Phillips, and metallocence catalytic systems, as well as late-transition metal complex pre-catalysts, including aspects of cat-alyst design, as well as catalytic trans-formations and industrialization. The selected papers will enhance the dis-cussions relating to newly developing catalytic systems. The papers cross


A method is described for selective isolation of mutants deficient in CAP protein necessary for the expression of catabolite-sensitive operons in Escherichia coli.


The reverse current to the DC side work mode of three-phase converter-inverter was analyzed in detail based on three-phase uncontrollable rectifier with inductive load.It was concluded that the output-voltage of the three-phase converter-inverter was related to the voltage of the DC side,while had no relation with the load.So it laid the foundation for creating a novel MWR-SPWM converter-inverter with a very small DC-link capacitor or even none to eliminate the output voltage harmonics by PWM technology.


A cross sectional study was carried out from October 2013 to March 2014 in and around Bishoftu town with the objectives of determining the prevalence of major external parasite species of calves, preferred predilection sites and determine the associated risk factors. The calves were selected randomly from small holder farms in and around the town. According to this study; out of 384 calves observationally examined, and identified using stereomicroscope/hand lenses, 126(32.8%) were found infested with one or more ectoparasites species. The major ectoparasites identified were lice 26.8% followed by ticks 13.5% and mites 0.5%. Overall, three genera and one subgenus of tick comprising five species and one species of lice and one species of mite were identified in the study. Among the ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (7.6%), Amblyomma variegatum (5.2%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (2.9%) were the most prevalent and the least identified tick species was Rhipicephalus pulchelus (0.5%). In this study, Linognathus vituli was the solitary species of lice identified and the prevalent (26.8%) among all ectoparasite identified. With regard to mites, Psoroptus ovis was the only mite species identified with a prevalence of 0.5%. The difference in the prevalence of ectoparasite species in male and female calves was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was significant (p 0.05). This study demonstrates that ectoparasites are among the most important health constraints of calves in and around Bishoftu leading to important economic losses and attention should be given to control interventions, developing the knowledge of the farmers and further study on the burden of ectoparasites and their effects on calves was recommended.

 Key words: Bishoftu, calf, ectoparasite, prevalence, small holder farms.


By February 13, 1917, Diaghilev's Ballets Russes had been crisscrossing the United States for four, grueling months, dancing to often disappointingly small houses, in which the appreciation of both critics and public was tempered with varying degrees of disapproval and bewilderment. When the company arrived that day in Grand Rapids, Michigan, it would have had little reason to expect anything different. But if the local press is to be believed, the performance there met with exceptional success. The Grand Rapids Herald began its review (signed C.M.S.), by celebrating the size, enthusiasm, and sophistication of the audience.


The electrowetting shows some distinctive features when AC electric field is applied instead of DC field. They include the delay of dielectric breakdown of the insulating layer, the delay of contact-angle saturation, and the generation of tiny droplets near the three-phase contact line (TCL). In order to find out the causes of such phenomena, we numerically analyze the AC electric field around a droplet placed on an insulator-covered electrode. The time-averaged effective electrical wetting tension, which is a function of AC frequency, is computed by integrating the Maxwell stress. The computed wetting tension is compared with the experimental result converted from the separately obtained contact-angle data. There is a good agreement between the two results. Interestingly, the numerical results show that the electric-field strength is decreased remarkably in the insulating layer near the TCL as the AC frequency is increased. This decrease may explain the delay of the dielectric breakdown of the insulating layer in the AC case, which is known to be closely related with the contact-angle saturation phenomenon.