Abstract : This thesis addresses the issue of interoperability in DoD legacy system databases and evaluates XML as a tool for transferring message data between varied systems. With the demands for increased communication, the dire requirement for a common mode of information transfer is greatly realized. Many legacy systems have developed their own unique interfaces. XML is one solution which can help ease the transition to a common interface. This thesis is a part of a larger team effort. In contributing to this larger effort, a software program was developed to generate select messages in their native and XML formats.


Organic field-effect transistors based on two derivatives of annelated β-oligothiophenes are fabricated. High mobility of 2.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained for 2,5-distyryl-dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene (DEP-DTT) while 2,5-diphenyl-dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene (DP-DTT) presents no field-effect characteristics. The existence of S–π intermolecular interaction in DEP-DTT, which is introduced by CC double bonds, plays an important role in the molecular arrangement both in single crystal and thin film structures, and the charge transport of organic field-effect transistors.


Current national income accounting systems and measures of progress, like the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), fail to measure the real "economic" state and real "wealth" of nations. While GDP may be an excellent measure of the cash flowing (chrematistic) in societies it is actually a poor "economic" measure. The word "economic" comes from the Greek oikonomia, meaning the stewardship or management of the household; the word "wealth" comes from the Old English meaning the condition (th) of well-being (weal)." If we are to measure genuine "economic conditions" then new tools (beyond monitoring cash flow) are required in order to achieve both the spirit of sustainable development (SD) that is to improve or sustain the conditions of well-being. The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) System of Sustainable Well-being Accounts was developed by researchers at the Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development as a new tool for measuring and monitoring the "condition" of natural, social, human and produced capital of nations. The model attempts to combine the best of several models for measuring well-being and SD including: the UN's Human Development Index, the ISEW/GPI, the World Bank's total wealth (genuine savings) accounting, natural resource accounting models, ecological footprinting, and indices of quality of life (Miringoff's Index for Social Health). Applied for the first time to the province of Alberta, the Alberta GPI Accounts provide a kind of full "health and wellness" diagnosis of the province using 51 measures of Alberta's economic, social, human health and environmental condition from 1961 to 1999. The accounts track the physical, qualitative and monetary (full costs or benefits) of total capital in an integrated total well-being accounting framework. Like the U.S. GPI, developed by Cliff Cobb for Redefining Progress (Oakland, CA), and its predecessor, the Index for Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) (see Daly and Cobb, For the Common Good, 1989), the Alberta GPI accounts include a GPI "net sustainable income statement" which makes adjustments to the GDP for the value of unpaid work, regrettable social, human and environmental costs (expenditures), and the depreciation costs of natural capital depletion and environmental degradation. This paper explores the GPI Well-being Accounting model, in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for measuring the sustainability of the real wealth of nations. The paper also explores GPI accounting as a fiscal policy tool and for guiding sustainable "development."


The passive state on iron in EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt) containing borate buffer solutions of pH 8.4 to 10.0 at ambient temperature has been explored using potentiodynamic polarization and steady-state techniques, including Mott-Schottky analysis. EDTA effectively suppresses the formation of the outer layer of the passive film thereby rendering the barrier layer amenable to direct examination. It is shown that the barrier layer on iron is a highly disordered, n-type semiconductor. The barrier layer thickness varies linearly with applied potential, whereas the steady-state current density does not depend on the formation voltage. EDTA present in the solution renders the barrier layer of the passive film more defective, as indicated by Mott-Schottky analysis, and the donor density decreases with increasing film formation potential. These findings suggest that the dominant defects in the barrier layer are oxygen vacancies or cation interstitials, or both. No evidence of cation vacancies, which would render the barrier layer p-type and would impart a voltage dependence to the steady-state current was obtained. Thus, if cation vacancies are present, they are not the dominant defect.


We have developed a 350 GHz Sideband Separating Receiver for ASTE (Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment) . The RF frequency range is 330- 360 GHz and the IF frequency range is 4-8 GHz. The receiver noise temperature was 150 - 200 K (SSB) and the image rejection ratio was typically 10 dB. This receiver was installed on the ASTE telescope in October 2007. The system noise temperature at the atmosphere condition of τ220 ~ 0.6 - 0.8 was 200 K (SSB). This is almost half of that of the previous DSB receiver.


Inflammatoryrcinoma of the breast is a clinical entity with no distinct histologic characteristics. The term is derived from the fact that the involved breast shows the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation—redness, heat, swelling, and pain. The condition was first described by Lee and Tannenbaum 32 in 1924 and later emphasized by Taylor and Meltzer 33 in 1938 as an uncommon variant of breast cancer. Haagensen's 31 diagnostic criteria are enlargement of the breast, either a distinct breast mass or generalized induration, redness and edema of the mammary skin, and biopsy proof of carcinoma; the redness must involve more than one third of the breast. This type of carcinoma is usually extremely undifferentiated with high-grade malignancy. There is extensive involvement and blockage of the dermal and subdermal lymphatics, resulting in edematous thickening and reddening of the skin, a characteristic pitted appearance known as "peau d'orange" or "pigskin." The disease is


Number line estimation (NLE) tasks typically measure number placements on a bounded number line. Recently, the unbounded NLE task was introduced in which only the starting point of the number line and unit are given, but no endpoint. This type of task is thought to be a more direct measure of understanding numerical quantity. Performance, development, and strategy use differ between the bounded and unbounded NLE tasks in the general population. Research has shown that individuals with mathematical learning disability (MLD) lag behind in bounded NLE tasks. In the current research, we examined whether they also lag behind in the unbounded NLE task and whether they use different strategies as compared to individuals without MLD. In the first qualitative study, four strategies were identified for estimations on the unbounded NLE task. These strategies were used by adults with and without MLD. In the second study, performance and strategy use of children with and without MLD on the unbounded number line is compared. The results of these studies give additional 72 insights into the deficits in adults and children with MLD and possible strategies that may improve their number line estimations.


........................................................................................................................ i Lay Summary .............................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements..................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Continuous Flow Synthesis – An Overview .............................................. 1 1.2 Physical Characteristics of Flow Reactors................................................ 2 1.3 Challenges and Opportunities in Practical Flow Chemistry................... 4 1.4 Analysis of Flow Literature........................................................................ 5 1.5 Overview of PhD.......................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2.................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Background: Selective Protection of Amines.......................................... 10 2.2 Continuous Flow Set-Up........................................................................... 12 2.3 Mono-Boc Carbamation ........................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Reaction Stoichiometry, Temperature and Residence Time............... 14 2.3.2 Flow Reactor's Internal Diameter ....................................................... 16 2.3.3 Synthetic Scope ................................................................................... 18 2.4 Mono-Fmoc Carbamation ........................................................................ 20 2.4.1 Solvent and Concentration .................................................................. 20 2.4.2 Synthetic Scope ................................................................................... 21 2.5 Mono Enamination with the Ddiv Group ............................................... 22 2.5.1 Temperature and Reaction Stoichiometry........................................... 24 2.5.2 Synthetic Scope ................................................................................... 25 2.6 Summary .................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3.................................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Background: Peptidomimetics ................................................................. 30 3.1.1 Peptoids as Molecular Transporters .................................................... 30 3.2 Background: Peptoid Monomers............................................................. 33 3.3 Background: Batch Synthesis of Peptoid Monomers ............................ 36 3.3.1 Pre-Flow Model Reaction ................................................................... 38 3.4 Selective Alkylation in Flow ..................................................................... 39 3.4.1 Solvents ............................................................................................... 39


The author synoptically presents the results of the research of the concept "famille" in the French traditional picture of the world from the perspective of axiological approach to language, the result of the analysis of French phraseological units, proverbs and sayings reveals this concept cognitive features which are the object of value judgments expressed in the phraseo-paroemiological fund of language, and pays particular attention to the linguistic representation of national family values of the French people.


In recent years, virtual play spaces have become enormously popular among young children around the world. As yet, though, there has been relatively little research into the ways in which children interact on such sites and what they learn in the process. This article describes a study of kids' experiences with one such virtual world, Club Penguin, created by the Walt Disney Company, which was for many years a leading online destination for children ages 5-10. The author focuses specifically on the commercial nature of Club Penguin, concluding with suggestions for parents, teachers, and researchers as to how they can help today's young children to become conscious customers and responsible digital citizens.


Telomeres are special structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Vertebrate telomeres consist of tandem repeats of conserved TTAGGG sequence and associated proteins. Birds are interesting models for molecular studies on aging and cellular senescence because of their slow aging rates and longer life spans for their body size. In this longitudinal study, we explored the possibility of using telomeres as an age-marker to predict age in Single Comb White Leghorn layer chickens. We quantified the relative amount of telomeric DNA in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes by the Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization technique on interphase nuclei (IQ FISH) using telomere-specific DNA probes. We found that the amount of telomeric DNA (ATD) reduced significantly with an increase in chronological age of the chicken. Especially, the telomere shortening rates are greatly increased in growing individuals compared to laying and old-aged individuals. Therefore, using the ATD values obtained by IQ FISH we established the possibility of age prediction in chickens based on the telomere theory of aging. By regression analysis of the ATD values at each age interval, we formulated an equation to predict the age of chickens. In conclusion, the telomeric DNA values by IQ FISH analyses can be used as an effective age-marker in predicting the chronological age of chickens. The study has implications in the breeding and population genetics of poultry, especially the reproductive potential.


An experiment was conducted to study the role of NAA and different explants on callus induction of potato varieties. There were three factors such as variety (Diamant, Heera and Cardinal), explants (leaves and internodes) and NAA levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg L -1 ). The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design with three replications. Minimum 6-8 days was required for callus initiation of internode of Cardinal in 3 mg L -1 NAA while the maximum 22-25 days was required for internode of Cardinal in 5 mg L -1 NAA. Both the leaf and internode of Heera produced 100% callus while Cardinal produced minimum callus (37.7 and 20.8% for leaf and internode, respectively) in 5 mg L -1 NAA. Neither leaf nor internode produced callus without NAA. Internode of Diamant, Heera and Cardinal produced 100% compact calli in 4, 3 and 5 mg L -1 NAA respectively. Leaf of Diamant without NAA produced the highest weight (0.667 g) of callus after one month. After two months, internode of Cardinal showed the highest weight (0.205 g) of calli in 3 mg L -1 NAA. Therefore, the present protocol has the potential for the rapid multiplication of true-to-type clones without changing the genetic fidelity.


In this study collocation method based on the extended B-spline functions for the numerical solutions of the Generalized Burhers Fisher equation is set up. The approximate solution of the equation is constructed with the combination of the extended B-splines. Some initial boundary value problems are solved by the proposed method. The accuracy and validity and of the method is demonstrated by measuring the error between the numerical solutions and the analytical solutions, if exist.


Turbulent boundary layers at Mach 4.9 with the ratio of wall temperature to recovery temperature from 0.5 to 1.5 are investigated by means of direct numerical simulation. Various fundamental properties relevant to the influence of wall temperature on Morkovin's scaling, standard and modified strong Reynolds analogies, and coherent vortical structures have been studied. It is identified that the scaling relations proposed for cool and adiabatic wall conditions, such as Morkovin's scaling and the modified strong Reynolds analogy, are also applicable for hot wall condition. Moreover, the relation between the density and temperature fluctuations under the second-order approximation is derived and verified to provide a reliable prediction. Based on the analysis of coherent vortical structures, it is found that the orientation of vortex core can be quantitatively determined by means of the vector with its direction and modulus using the local strain direction and the imaginary part of the eigenvalue of velocity gradient tensor, respectively. As the increase of wall temperature, the spanwise distance between the two legs of hairpin vortex increases, and the mean swirling strength and the angle of vortical structure with respect to the wall plane also increase in the inner layer. The statistical properties relevant to vortical structures are nearly insensitive to the wall temperature in the outer layer.


AUTHOR Rounds, James B., Jr. TITLE Individual Differences in Disability Perceptions: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Investigations. PUB DATE 26 Aug 86 NOTE 26p.; Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (94th, Washington, DC, August 22-26, 1986). For related document, see CG 019 478. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) -Speeches/Conference Papers (150)


School‐wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a systemic approach for implementing a proactive schoolwide discipline and for improving students' academic and behavioral outcomes by targeting the school's organizational and social culture. With a multilevel approach, the present study evaluates the relative effectiveness of SWPBS on teachers' perceptions of the student behavior (N = 3,295) across schools, teachers, and children using a multilevel approach. We assessed teacher perception of student problem behavior five times during a 3‐year implementation of SWPBS in 23 Dutch schools. Multilevel analyses not only revealed a small increase in perceived prosocial behavior and a small decrease in problems with peers, but also different effects across children, teachers, and schools. Effects were stronger for girls and for students with higher severity of perceived problems at baseline. At teachers' level, higher mean baseline severity of perceived problems was associated with the reduced impact of SWPBS on perceived emotional problems and problems with peers. At the school level, effects were stronger for regular schools as compared with special needs schools.


Sulphur in coil1 is il major environmental concern. The use of coal for combustion requires the control of sulphur dioxide emissions. To reduce these emissions, the total solphur content in c~ial product ~must he decreased. This can he accomplished by using low-sulphur coal. cleaning coal prior to combustion. retaining sulphw during wmhustion. or hy treatment of tlur gases after combustion. The use of low-sulphur coal is I?mitcd to the areas where such coals are available, and retaining the sulphur during combustion is a process in the expel-imcntal stage. The remaining alternatives are to clean co;11 before combustion or reduce sulphur dioxide emissions by blur gas desulphu~i/ation. Physical cleaning before combustion, however. is still the nmost economical option. Sulphur is found in coal in both inorganic and organic forms. The inorgamc sulphur occurs: as iron disulphide, either pyrite (cubic) or marcasite (ortborhomhic): as a sulphatr, chiefly gypsum and iron sulphate: and iis clcmental sulphur. Elemental ,sulphur and sulphlrte ire usually found in very small concentrations. generally lest than 0.2 per cent and 0.1 per cent, rcspcctively (Greer. IY7Y). The organic sulphur is hound to the coal structure. Pyritic and organic sulphur, however. account for most of the sulphur in will. Conventional cleaning is not adeqwte for the removal of organic sulphur, and chemical cleaning would he more appropriate. Pyritic :rulphur is the only sulphur form which can hc removed hy physical methods. Therefore attention is usually focused on the forms of pyrite. For physical sulphur wnoval to hc successful it is necessxy to understand the nilt~re and OCCUITC~~~S of pyrite in the coal. The sulphur contents of most British Columbia coals are considered to he low (<I%). The two major coalfields. the Northeast and Southeast. product coids with sulphur contents in the range 0.30 to 0.60 per cent. Coals from the Telkwa, Bouron River and Comox coalfields. have, <,n average, sulphur v;~lues greater than I per cent. and are exceptions. British Columbia low-sulphur coal seams contain prrdominantly organic sulphur, Table 5-L35lfa) shows the distrihution of sulphur forms in low-sulphur seams. Total sulphur mnpes from II.23 to 0.69 per cent and the organic sulphur comprises from 55.4 to 96.5 per cent of the total. A decrease in the proportion of organic sulphur is usually accompanied hy an increase in pyritic sulphur. Organic sulphur is assumed to he part of the organic coal structure. and it is convenient to express it on a dry ash-free basis, to emphasize this aswziation. Coals from the Comox, Telkwa and Bowron River coulfields generally average between 0.5 and I .6 per cent sulphur. Compared with sub-bituminous c nls, ther na coals from these are;,s arc relatively high rank (higher k:al.' kg), and therefore the elevetcd sulphur co! tent in ~;tcsc: seams will have much less effect on the po1 sihle sulphtu dioxide emissions. In coals with higher sulphur content an im rease of t:Gil sulphur content is mainly due to an incrr: se in p:y.iti<. sulphur (,WP pan h of Table :i-Ii-l). The xoporticn o' organic sulphur decreases drastically and ma! hc as low a!. 4.5 per cent of the total sulphur in some case. The orgxnir: sulphur content. as calculated on a dry a ,h-free besis, however, appears to he much higher then th': organic WI.. phur in the low-sulphur co& For Telkwa s :ams, org;mi(: sulphur is as much as I.81 per cent of organ c matter. I;o' Quinsam No. 2 seam and No. I -Rider seam t ranges f:um 0.80 to 0.87 per cent. whrr:as, for Iuw-s rlphur ccids. organic sulphur on a dry ash-free hasis averrges 0.56 pe'cent. The objective of this study is 1:" investigate pyrite oc~:w races in Telkwa and Quinsam coals. as thse coalii<:ld:; produce higher sulphur coal. Pyrite occuv :nces will he discussed in terms of six and association vith maceral; (microlithotypes) with a view to assessing :heir poxihlc influence on the cleaning processes.


As OLED applications increase, so do the demands on properties of the component materials, active layers and devices. The development of flexible OLEDs, a popular future OLED application, require better understanding and control of the mechanical properties of OLED materials and interaction with polymer substrates. Fabrication costs, use of extended classes of materials and the need for large surface area applications drives interest in solution-phase processing techniques; requiring OLEDs with different solubilities and glass transition temperatures than traditional vacuum deposited layers and device stacks. In this era of designing for multiple property requirements, computational techniques can provide important capability to screen new materials and understand the relationship between chemical structure and dependent properties. In this work we show automated molecular dynamics (MD) simulation workflows that efficiently and accurately calculate mechanical and physical properties of OLED materials.


The article includes the experimental research of Khatka-Yoga health-improving gymnastics influence to the dynamics activities function of respiratory system of schoolchildren. It is shown effectiveness of the Khatka-Yoga health-improving gymnastics.


The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the clinical outcomes of implanted electrical stimulation (ES) in a series of hemiplegic patients. Epimysial electrodes were implanted on key muscles for control of the hip and knee during walking. ES was provided by a portable, 8–16 channel ES system, that was triggered during the gait cycle by analog force sensitive shoe inserts. Hemiplegic patients, 2–15 years after the onset of hemiplegia, made significant improvements in walking after a 4 month ES protocol as a result of more effective control of muscle activity and achievement of critical joint motions in swing and stance. Improved velocity was a realistic goal for some, but increased safety and elimination of the need for ambulatory aids were important to the subjects. These improvements can only be achieved with implanted electrodes and flexibility in programming of a mulitichannel ES system. This is especially true for the hemiparetic patient with sensation.


Washing and sterilizing a clean room is indispensable for aseptic production, which means that the clean room usually has a wet environment. Optical particle counter (OPC) may be used to maintain and control the aseptic environment. However, an ordinary OPC can only work under low environment humidity, and therefore the environment is monitored in an intermittent manner or the environment monitoring does not start until the concentration of liquid particles in the measurement environment decreases after completion of the washing cycle. Because of these limitations, net production time is shortened, affecting the productivity. In an effort to resolve these issues, we developed a new type OPC system. Using the inertia impact of minute particles, we attempted to design, make and test a measuring system that selectively separated and removed liquid particles that would hamper the ability of the OPC. The resulting OPC system proved to be suitable for particle continuous monitoring even in a wet environment. It has also become clear that particles with 1.0 ƒÊm or larger diameters can be precluded from the object of OPC monitoring. Furthermore, it was confirmed that not only micron-size particles, but also sub-micron particles were generated in large quantities during washing and sterilizing


The growth of distributed generation in Brazil has become a matterof concern to distribution utilities due to several reasons, including the impact that it might have over the Transmission-Distribution Interface (TDI) demand. Since the demand forecast of each TDI point must be correctly signalized, with penalties due in case of lack of accuracy, the expansion of small-scale PV systems – and its inherent intermittent behavior – may result in financial losses. This paper aims to investigate such impacts, proposing a methodology to assess increased risk of penalties and thenceforth avoid it. The methodology was first applied to identify, from the 51 TDI points of a Brazilian utility, the ones of greater concern (16). Further analysis was then applied to a selected one, indicating that (i) the probability of penalties becomes relevant for a PV penetration corresponding to 30% of the currently declared demand; (ii) when it occurs, reducing the declared demand in 2% is an efficient solution to mitigate penalty risks.


The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mixing time (mixer efficiency) of diets containing several low-inclusion ingredients (crystalline AA, ZnO, a medication, and vitamin and trace mineral premixes) on growth performance of nursery pigs. In a pilot study, mixing efficiency of a 1,360kg capacity, horizontal ribbon mixer was evaluated with salt of different particle sizes (440, 730, 2,000, and 3,000 m). Sample preparation was evaluated by analyzing diet samples as collected (unground) or by grinding the entire sample to approximately 400 m in particle size (ground). Diets (907 kg) were mixed, and samples were collected after 0, 30, 60, 120, 210, 330, 480, and 630 s of mixing. The coefficient of variation among 10 samples for each mixing time was used to measure mixer efficiency as determined by Cl concentration. A salt particle size × sample preparation × mixing time interaction was observed (P = 0.04). Samples with 2,000or 3,000m salt particle size (unground or ground) never reached the desired mixing efficiency of a 10% CV. Using 440m salt (unground or ground) or 730m salt particle sizes (ground) was necessary to


Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template coupled with liquid process for synthesis of TiO2 nanorods. Immersion setting (IS) was carried out to insert a TiO2 precursor solution into AAO pore. With the calcination and NaOH treatment to remove AAO, SEM characterization revealed that TiO2 nanorods with diameter around 100-200 nm were successfully fabricated from AAO commercial templates. The synthesized nanorods mixed with commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (P-25) with a mixing ratio of 5:95 (by mass) were used as an electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), The photoelectrodes made with nanorods showed a better performance than the cells used of only pristine TiO2 nanoparticles. The results from current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of DSSCs showed that short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are 11.78 mA/cm2, 0.72 V, 0.55, and 4.68%, respectively. Due to the effects of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructure, the electron expressway concept was achieved in this research.


The gap theorem of Fabry states that if /(z) =E°*znt is a power series whose circle of convergence is the unit circle and lim nk/k = oo then the unit circle is the natural boundary of/(z). PolyaO) proved the following converse of this result: Let w* be a sequence of integers for which lim inf nk/k < «>; then there exists a power series Ea*z"* whose circle of convergence is the unit circle and for which the unit circle is not the natural boundary. Polya's result shows that in some sense Fabry's result is the best possible. Perhaps the following direct and elementary proof might be of some interest. There clearly exist two sequences of integers w< and such that Vi=[(l-{-Ci)ui], m,+i>d2, and the number of nk in (w,-, »<) is greater than Ci(vi — Ui) ~>CzUi. (The c's denote absolute positive constants.) The existence of these sequences is immediate from lim inf tih/k < °o. Denote the nk in the intervals («,-, »<) by »*'. We clearly have lim inf n{ fk<«>. For construction of /(z) we shall use only the «*. Put/(z) =Ea*z"*We shall determine the a* so that the unit circle will be the circle of convergence and the point 1 will be a regular point of/(z). It will suffice to show that there exists a number /, l>/>0, such that the circle of convergence of


The modelling and veri cation of two types of heterogeneous systems is discussed: (i) systems consisting of synchronous subsystems with di erent clocks, and (ii) systems which are composed of synchronous and asynchronous subsystems. Concurrent behaviour is represented in VHDL by means of additional input signals, i.e., \concurrency is additional inputs plus fairness". State space exploration techniques for mixed synchronous/asynchronous systems are presented.


The article discusses the main problems of information society in general and information of military education in particular. The main focus is on the implementation of computer representation of disciplines in the educational process of the Russian military higher educational institutions, which allows to raise the interest of students to study the subjects and ultimately contributes to a better assimilation of educational material. Of great importance in the formation of a pilot become a professional computer technology. Created on the basis of their training, specialized classes and procedural trainers constitute the intellectual foundation for the implementation of all combat missions in the destination type of aircraft. The specifics of the military pilot in the present conditions associated with the use of mathematical modeling techniques. In preparation for a military specialist needed focus on the formation of mathematical thinking, the use of the methodology and technology of computer technology in solving military applications. The authors believe that increased requirements to the quality of information and mathematical training of specialists military pilots makes it necessary to develop and implement new approaches to the organization of educational process. The education system has entered a period of fundamental change, characterized by a new understanding of the purposes and values of education, new conceptual approaches to the development and use of new learning technologies. The authors of the article explain the necessity of modern teaching technologies, which are system design, implementation, evaluation, correction and reproduction of the learning process.


Many hundreds of people have engaged with our collaborative studies using expert-elicitation approaches through facilitated discussions to dynamically inform decision-making within the field of biological invasions. We draw on our experiences to outline ways that allow the inclusion of multiple viewpoints within expert-elicitation while limiting or transparently documenting potential bias.


Male characters of species from five different families were studied and the taxonomic status of the families are described. A key of characters was presented for adult males. The quantitative evaluation method was applied to assess the relationship between the families. All the characters included were regarded as being of equal importance and those shared by any one family exhibited some differences, justifying the recognition of the taxon as a distinct family. It was found that the Margarodidae were the most primitive group followed by Pseudococcidae. The Diaspididae showed the maximum number of specialised characters, with the Coccidae and Dactylopiidae falling between the Diaspididae and the Pseudococcidae. The Coccidae and Dactylopiidae shared an equal number of characters with the Pseudococcidae and are considered to be close to each other.


SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SETTLEMENT SCHOOLS AS EARLY INITIATORS OF INTEGRATED SERVICES by Eloise Hollyfield Jurgens This historical-descriptive study examined Southern Appalachian settlement schools as early initiators of integrated health and social services with education from the 1900s through the 1970s. Three schools were studied: Hindman Settlement School (KY), Pine Mountain Settlement School (KY), and Crossnore School, Inc. (NC). The purpose of the study was to determine the type and extent of services provided, the relationship of the settlement schools with their respective county public school system, and the transfer, if any, of integrated services from the settlement schools to public schools as the public schools took over educational responsibilities once offered by the settlement schools. The conclusions of this study were that extensive integrated services were offered, changing in type over time, the relationship of the settlement schools with their respective county public school systems was, for the most part, cooperative and sometimes collaborative, and there was no transfer of integrated services from the settlement schools to the public schools. Instead, the settlement schools became an integrated service to the public schools. An additional finding was that Pine Mountain Settlement School engaged in a primitive form of privatization with the Harlan County Board of Education. * Further, all three settlement schools, through the wide range of services offered, were builders of communities.


Permanent magnet (PM) motors utilising ironless stator structures have been incorporated into a wide variety of applications where high efficiency and stringent torque control are required. With recent developments in magnetic materials, improved design strategies, and power outputs of up to 40kW, PM motors have become an attractive candidate for traction drives in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. However, due to their large air gaps and ironless stators these motors can have inductances as low as 2µH, imposing increased requirements on the converter to minimise current ripple. Multilevel converters with n cells can effectively increase the motor inductance by a factor of n 2 and are an excellent approach to minimise the motor ripple current. Furthermore by indirectly coupling the outputs of each cell, improvements in converter input and cell ripple current can also be realised. This paper examines the issues in designing a high current indirectly coupled multilevel motor controller for an ironless BLDC traction drive and highlights the limitations of the common ladder core structure.


The ability to store electrical energy at high densities, high efficiencies, and with low costs is a cross-cutting issue that impacts a wide range of applications. Rechargeable lithium-air batteries are a newer form of energy storage with theoretical energy densities approximately an order of magnitude greater than today's lithium-ion batteries. However, despite this potential, Li-air technology remains at an early stage of development with many performance limitations yet to be addressed, including high overpotentials needed for recharging. We hypothesize that slow decomposition kinetics of the Li2O2 discharge phase contributes to the overpotential and resulting low efficiencies. Although cathode catalysts have been shown to modestly lower charging potentials, little is known about the rate-limiting steps involved in Li2O2 decomposition, or how these mechanisms are altered in the presence of catalysts. Towards the goal of identifying optimal catalysts, we apply state-of-the-art first principles atomistic simulations to elucidate equilibrium crystallite morphologies and defect mobilities in Li2O2. We find that Li2O2 particles form as hexagonal prisms, with 37% of their surface area consisting of an oxygen-rich {0001} phase and 63% a stoichiometric {1-100} phase. The concentrations and diffusivities of all chemically-relevant intrinsic point defects in Li2O2 were evaluated; the dominant defect at atmospheric conditions is the negativelycharged lithium vacancy, with a free energy of formation of 0.47 eV. Assuming Li migration occurs via a vacancy mechanism, the diffusivity of lithium is predicted to be ~10 m/s. In contrast, oxygen is found to be essentially immobile. Since the Li diffusion length is considerably less than typical Li2O2 particle sizes observed in discharged cells, we conclude that slow mass transport in Li2O2 contributes to the high overpotentials observed during recharge. Introduction Many technologies stand to benefit from high capacity energy storage. Some prominent examples include battery powered electric vehicles (BEVs) and the penetration of renewable power sources (i.e., wind and solar) on the electrical grid. The state of the art rechargeable battery, Li-ion, has a cell level specific energy density of ~200 Wh/kg [1], which is inadequate for applications requiring large energy densities [2]. The Li-air battery is an alternative chemistry that uses atmospheric oxygen as a reactant, and may offer an order of magnitude increase in specific energy density [3, 4]. Li-air batteries are characterized by two possible reactions wherein the product phase is either a solid peroxide (Li2O2) or oxide (Li2O): 2Li(s) + O2(g) → Li2O2(s); 3,500 Wh/kg 2Li(s) + 1⁄2O2(g) → Li2O(s); 5,200 Wh/kg (Here the mass of oxygen is included in the calculation of the specific energy density.) Abraham et al. were the first to demonstrate a prototype rechargeable Li-air battery consisting of a lithium metal anode and an air-breathing carbon cathode separated by a Li conductive polymer electrolyte membrane [5]. Although Raman spectra indicated that the primary discharge product was Li2O2 [5], Li2O has also been observed in other studies [6]. Later experiments confirmed that Li2O2 decomposes to Li and O2 during recharge [7]. Despite growing interest in Li-air batteries [3-13], several challenges must be overcome in order to achieve commercial viability. These include: (i.) Low efficiencies caused by high overpotentials during charging; (ii.) Low rates of charge/discharge; (iii.) Poor capacity retention; and (iv.) Sensitivity to moisture in the air stream. Regarding efficiency, capacity retention, and current density, a small number of catalysts have been identified that can improve performance, including metals [10], metal oxides [12], and ceramic powder [13]. For example, Débart et al. found that Co2O2 improved capacity retention and lowered the charging potential by 800 mV in comparison to a system with no catalyst [12]. Additional experiments have shown that a combination of gold and platinum nanoparticles reduced the charging potential by 900 mV, thereby increasing efficiency from 57% to 73% [10]. Although these improvements are promising, the resulting efficiencies are still well short of the 90+% efficiency achieved in Li-ion batteries. At a fundamental level, the performance of Li-air cells can be traced to atomic-scale processes related to the catalytic nucleation & growth (during discharge) and decomposition (recharge) of Li2O2. However, to date there have been very few [8, 9, 11] atomistic modeling studies targeting Li-air materials or phenomena. For example, Hummelshøj et al. have proposed a mechanism for Li2O2 growth via adsorption [9]. Another computational study has suggested pathways by which gold and platinum surfaces facilitate O2 reduction by lithium [8]. Seriani has calculated the thermodynamic stability ! ! FIG. 1: (Color online) Crystal structure of Li2O2 depicted using a 2×2 supercell. Large black spheres represent oxygen atoms, small grey spheres represent Li atoms. The red and blue atoms indicate the positions of the two symmetry-distinct Li atoms, which are located either within trigonal prisms or octahedra, respectively. The layers are named according to the shape of the polyhedra formed by adjacent O atoms within that layer: TP1 = trigonal prism layer 1, O/T = octahedron/tetrahedron layer, TP2 = trigonal prism layer 2. 2 of Li2O and Li2O2 nanoparticles [11]. We are not aware of any modeling of the Li-air recharge process and the associated decomposition of Li2O2. Given the existence of conflicting experimental data [10, 12], and the appearance that catalyst development is progressing in an Edisonian fashion, it is clear that a more thorough understanding of rate-limiting mechanisms in the Li-air cathode would be highly beneficial. Regarding surfaces of Li2O2, surface properties are important because the discharge process in Li-air cells is believed to occur via the nucleation and growth of Li2O2 via surface adsorption. To understand the thermodynamics and kinetics of these processes, and their consequences for rate capabilities, it is important to identify the structure and chemical composition of the most commonly observed (i.e., most stable) surfaces. Reuter and Scheffler [14] have described a general first-principles thermodynamic approach for evaluating surface energies for different terminations of crystalline compounds as a function of temperature and pressure, and have demonstrated this approach on surfaces of RuO2. Seriani recently reported a study of surfaces and nanoparticles of Li2O2 and Li2O [11]. In the present study, we expand on Seriani's work by calculating the surface free energies of Li2O2 for a much wider range of possible surface terminations. Combining these energies with the Wulff construction [25], we find that the equilibrium shape of Li2O2 crystallites is a hexagonal prism, 37% of whose surface area consists of an oxygen-rich {0001} phase and 63% a stoichiometric {1-100} phase. Regarding bulk properties, we have also used density functional theory calculations to examine mass transport kinetics (i.e., self-diffusion) in Li2O2. We speculate that slow mass transport within Li2O2 may limit its decomposition rate, and thus contribute to the high overpotentials observed upon charging of Li-air batteries. The catalytic decomposition of solid phases remains a highly active area of research, especially in the hydrogen storage community [15]. As it is well known that defects mediate bulk diffusion and mass transport [16], this suggests that they may impact the rate of Li2O2 decomposition. As a first step in elucidating decomposition mechanisms, we employ density functional theory to calculate formation energies for all chemically relevant intrinsic point defects in Li2O2 at experimentally relevant temperatures and pressures. Subsequently, the migration energies along several crystallographic directions were evaluated for those defects exhibiting low formation energies. We find that negatively charged lithium vacancies are the dominant defect at atmospheric conditions, with a free energy of formation of 0.47 eV. In contrast, the most favorable oxygen-based defect is a neutral vacancy with a significantly higher formation energy (0.61 eV). Our results indicate that mass transport in Li2O2 is relatively slow and mediated by Li vacancies: The diffusivity D of lithium is calculated to be D ~ 10 m/s, while oxygen is found to be essentially immobile. These small diffusivities imply that slow mass transport within Li2O2 may contribute to the inefficiencies observed during recharge of Li-air cells. Methods First principles calculations were performed using a spin polarized version of the generalized gradient approximation [17] to density functional theory [18, 19], as implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package [20]. The corevalence electron interaction was treated using Blöchl's projector augmented wave method [21]. The valence states (2s for Li, 2s2p for O, and 1s for H) were expanded in a planewave basis set up to a cutoff energy of 400 eV. Electronic state occupancies were determined with a Gaussian smearing of width 0.1 eV. Atomic relaxations were converged to within a force tolerance of 0.02 eV/Å. Vibrational contributions to free energy, when included, were calculated within the harmonic approximation [22]. The energies of surfaces and defects that alter the Li2O2 stoichiometry depend on the chemical potential of oxygen, μO. As done by others [14], we define O-rich and O-poor limits for μO to reflect the range of possible values. Since density functional theory is known to overbind the oxygen molecule, we use the experimental formation enthalpy of water to more accurately estimate the ground state energy of O2 [8, 9]. To determine which Li2O2 surface terminations are the most stable, we calculated surface free energies for 22 distinct terminations amongst three surface p


Seismic reflections can be obtained from the basalts of the Snake River Plain which is a depression filled with several thousand meters of basalt, rhyolite, and sediments of Cenozoic age. The seismic-reflection method was successful in detecting a 3-to-4-m-thick sedimentary layer at 30 m of depth within a basalt-layer/sand-layer sequence near Arco, Idaho. Some shallow reflections on the field files are of exceptional quality. The extreme variation in quality and seismic character observed on the field files recorded along the 500-m-long seismic line is uncommon for such short distances. An end-on source-receiver geometry was used with a source-toclosest-receiver distance of 12 m and a source-tofarthest-receiver distance of 35 m. A l-m shot-andreceiver group interval resulted in 1/2-m subsurface horizontal sampling interval. The source was a silenced .50-caliber sport rifle fired vertically into the ground. The recording of dominant-reflection frequencies over 150 Hz was partially a result of severe low-cut filtering (220 Hz, 24 dB/octave). Various seismograms along a single 500-meter-long line appear to have come from entirely different geologic locations. This acoustical variability implies coherency on deeper surveys could best be maintained with hundreds of recording channels and small geophone arrays.


The market demand for commercialization of Photovoltaic (PV) systems depends a lot on the reliability, efficiency and performance of various components within the system. PV panels produce DC power when exposed to sunlight, and an inverter converts this to AC power in a typical solar powered building. Though, PV lighting has existed for a long time it hasn't been very effective, as incandescent light sources were commonly used which are inefficient. Today fluorescent fixtures are mostly used with PV's due to its high efficacy. Light-emitting diodes present a new vision to energy efficiency in lighting design with their low energy consumption. Current research predicts improved efficiencies of LED light fixtures and their commercial use is a few years away. LEDs which operate on DC voltages when coupled with photovoltaics can be a simple PV lighting application and a sustainable solution with potential for payback. This research evaluates the design and construction of a photovoltaic DC LED lighting system for a solar house at Pennsylvania State University. A detailed cost and payback analysis of a PV DC LED lighting system is presented in this research. PV output simulations for the solar house are presented. Results presented in this research indicate that the Solid state lighting market is evolving rapidly and that LED's are a choice in stand-alone photovoltaic DC lighting systems. The efficiency and the cost-effectiveness of such systems would however improve in the coming years with research and development now focused on PV systems and on Solid state lighting technologies.


The invention relates to a method for reinforcing combination of a carbonized photoresist and a silicon substrate, and specifically relates to a groove etching method capable of reinforcing the combination of the carbonized photoresist and the Si substrate. The method comprises the following steps: to begin with, preparing a cleaned and dried silicon substrate; next, preparing a silicon nitride film on the substrate; then, coating a layer of photoresist on the film in a spin-coating manner; then, carrying out prebaking, exposure and developing processing on the photoresist to form a hole in special dimension; carrying out wet etching on a silicon nitride film of the structure above; finally, carrying out wet etching on the silicon, and then, carrying out wet etching on a silicon wafer to obtain a substrate groove in the silicon wafer; and filling photoresist in the groove formed above to obtain a combination groove structure. The method, starting from designing the silicon substrate structure, and through preparing the special combination groove structure, effectively improves the phenomenon that combination of the photoresist and the substrate is poor, and the photoresist is easy to fall of the substrate due to contraction of the photoresist during high-temperature carbonization.


This study was objected to examine the protective effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on nickel induced impairment of liver function. Forty male mice weighed 42-50 g were divided into four groups of eight animals. Each group was spontaneously drank normal water, except those received vitamin C in their drinking water. Additionally, animals of each group were fed on one of the diet: The first group of animals was fed a basal diet and drank a normal water served as a control, the second group fed a basal diet supplemented with nickel (2,7g NiSO4 6H2O/kg diet), the third group fed the same with drinking water containing vitamin C (1g/l), the forth group fed a basal diet containing supplemented both of nickel and vitamin E (1g/kg diet), the fifth group fed a basal diet with supplemented vitamin E and received vitamin C in drinking water, and the sixth group fed a basal diet with supplemented nickel plus both of vitamins (E+ C). All animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Nickel treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and an increase in absolute and relative liver weights. Additionally, serum glucose concentration, serum total protein concentrations, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly increased in nickel treated mice. As well as, serum total protein concentration was significantly increased, and subsequently, the hepatic protein contents were reduced in Ni(II) treated group. The toxic effect of Ni(II) was also indicated by significantly decreased of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and glutathione (GSH) level. Hence, the ultrastructural alterations in hepatic tissue confirmed these observations. Meanwhile, vitamin E and/or vitamin C supplementation has attenuated these hepatotoxic effects.


The terminal ballistics of a projectile in the human body are reviewed, both the theory, experimental data, and their implications for medical/surgical treatment. The focus of the past century has been to increase the kinetic energy of the bullet but ignoring the material from which the bullet, firing chamber, and target are made. The more efficient delivery of this kinetic energy to the target is proportional to the damage caused. The bullet causes a tract through the impacted tissues that is related to the size of the projectile, but the accompanying shock wave causes a much larger temporary cavity which, depending on the structure and elasticity of the tissue, will stay patent for only 2-4sec. Surgical resection of the permanent tract containing injured tissue, bullet fragments, and contaminated material is initially performed followed by the repair of the tissues injured by the bullet.


To ensure security in data transmission is one of the most important issues for wireless relay networks. In this paper, we consider a cooperative network, consisting of one source node, one destination node, one eavesdropper node, and a number of relay nodes. Specifically, the source selects several relay nodes which can help forward the signal to the corresponding destination to achieve the best security performance. However, the relay nodes may have the incentive not to report their true private channel information in order to get more chance to be selected and gain more payoff from the source. We employ a self-enforcing truth-telling mechanism into the network to solve this cheating problem. By adding a transfer payoff to the total payoff of each selected relay node, we prove that each relay node would get its maximum expected payoff only when it tells the truth to the source. And then, an optimal secrecy capacity of the network can be achieved. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.


Imagine a campaign that captured the imagination of thousands of people and persuaded them that despite the hard work and poor financial rewards, they should train as children's nurses. Imagine a government that was persuaded that it should set aside extra resources to fund such a project. Imagine a higher education sector that was responsive enough to plan for a dramatic increase in its recruitment to the child branch, an NHS determined to make the necessary placements available, especially in the community.


At the far edge of the Gutenberg Galaxy, Paul Chan's work constantly revisits elements of the culture of the book—publishing, typography, the book's material and immaterial aspects. Chan's 2012 installation Volumes reduces books to their covers, and turns those covers into pictorial supports. Chan has gutted the volumes, mounted them on frames, and painted on their surface. The real composition, however, is not that of any given individual "volume," but rather that of the ensemble. Furthermore, Volumes itself has to be seen as part of a wider constellation that includes Chan's "font pieces" as well as his ongoing project Badlands Unlimited. To be sure, they do not have the same status: Volumes is an art installation in the collection of the Emanuel Hoffmann Foundation in Basel, whereas Badlands is a publishing company. Not all of Chan's culturally significant activities are easily subsumed under the notion of "artistic oeuvre." Much has been said and written, by Chan himself and by others, about the relation between his "activist" and his "artistic" activities; rather than try to forge one integrated aesthetico-activist practice, as


hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: Abstract: Graphene has attracted much attention of scientific community due to its enormous potential in different fields, including medical sciences, agriculture, food safety, cancer research, and tissue engineering. The potential for widespread human exposure raises safety concerns about graphene and its derivatives, referred to as graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs). Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, graphene and its derivatives have found important places in their respective application fields, yet they are being found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects too. Since the discovery of graphene, a number of researches are being conducted to find out the toxic potential of GFNs to different cell and animal models, finding their suitability for being used in new and varied innovative fields. This paper presents a systematic review of the research done on GFNs and gives an insight into the mode and action of these nanosized moieties. The paper also emphasizes on the recent and up-to-date developments in research on GFNs and their nanocomposites for their toxic effects.


Multivariate discrimination techniques are being considered as alternatives to many data-analysis methods conventionally used in experimental high-energy physics. In this article, the applications of four different methods—a quadratic classifier, kernel discriminant analysis, a feedforward neural network, and multivariate adaptive regression splines—are compared for the detection of the top quark. Simulated particle-collision data that correspond to two classes, a rare signal and a dominant background, are used.


To guard against the WEB site's cross-site scripting(XSS) attacks,the characteristics and filtering mode of XSS vulnerabilities were analyzed.A technical scheme for XSS vulnerabilities discovery was presented.First,an anti-filter rules set was used to convert the XSS code and then an automatic crawler program was employed to inject the XSS code and test it's usability.Finally,the effective XSS code and the point of the injected code could be acquired.The presented method has been successfully used to discover the XSS vulnerabilities of web-email and web site.


Cray system and neural network technique analysis software is introduced in reservoir layers of block Ⅷ Keshang group, Conglomerate reservoir of Kelamayi oilfield. The software has been used to process 117 wells reservoir formation logging and geological data. The reservoir formation parameters are extracted, assembled and described by applying conglomerate reservoir log interpretation and sedimentary microfacies distribution research achievement, through which the enriched distribution of layers of Keshang group are determined. Accordingly, the development performance is analyzed. The reserve volume and the development status is gained. These provide geological basis for development decision-making of block and improving reservoir development effect.


A Conference of Dentists was held in No. 5 St Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on Saturday, 6th October, for the purpose of considering " the future position of the dental profession in regard to means of education, in the event of the present registration movement being successful." Mr J. Tomes, F.R.S. London, occupied the chair, and there was a large attendance of dentists from all parts of the country. The Chairman delivered an opening address, in which he referred at length to the importance of the education and registration movements now going on in the body, and to the


Device for grinding and drying of wood chips consists of a camera activation drive disk - an activator for mixing and grinding of raw materials, pnevmokanalov system for supplying and removing the drying agent - a pressurized hot air, raw materials, finished products, by-products, and a classifier installed at the inlet channel discharge crushed dry sawdust. The activation chamber coaxially with the classifier set separator flows in the form of an inverted truncated cone, whose outer surface is provided with a slant to the axial line of the blades and the wall of the activation chamber installed elastic activator plane reflectors, and hot air is supplied through the activation chamber bottom provided with openings.


For the purpose of perfecting the management and administration of gymnasiums,making a deeper investigation of the utilization of gymnasium resources,improving the serving quality and expanding the serving scope,this paper conducts a detailed research and analysis on the fitness consumers in the gymnasiums of the CIPE so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of "the open strategies" of gymnasiums.


This work has aimed to identify the facilitating elements in the organ and tissue donation process for transplantation from the perspective of professionals from Brazilian Hospital Transplantation Commissions. This is a descriptive, qualitative study conducted with twenty professionals who make up the In-Hospital Commissions for Organ and Tissue Donation for Transplantation. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Three central ideas have emerged, which address the professionals working in Intensive Care and Emergency as members of the Hospital Transplantation Commission (CHT), the Support from the State Transplant Center (CET), and the Coordination of the Hospital Transplantation Commission. The facilitating elements of the organ and tissue donation process were the professionals of the commissions from the respective units involved in the process. An organized and articulated service, with trained professionals and resolute leadership, is necessary to ensure the success in the organ and tissue donation process for transplantation.


Gastric volvulus is defined by the anomalous rotation of the stomach over itself, and it can be either acute or chronic. This rotation can reach different degrees, leading to variable clinical syndromes. These can range from dyspeptic symptoms to complete rotation with vascular impairment, and the latter of these requires surgical intervention. Clinically, the Borchardt9 triad can be found in this disease. It is characterized by strong epigastric pain and distension, inability to vomit, and difficult or impossible nasogastric tube bypass. These symptoms must be promptly recognized, because this triad reflects the clinical expression of torsion that may lead to stomach gangrene. Most cases of gastric volvulus have a secondary cause. Diseases of the stomach, like peptic ulcers, retract the small curvature and predispose the stomach to mesentericaxial axis rotation. Inside hernia bag migration, especially through the diaphragm, commonly produces gastric torsion. Stomach ligament laxity is one cause for primary volvulus. The first gastric volvulus description is attributed to Berti6 in 1866 during a post-mortem exam. Berg5 reports the first case with successful surgical reduction. In the third decade of the 1900's the first radiological studies were shown. Rosselet37 described signs of asymptomatic gastric torsion, whereas Weiss43 a chronic volvulus development case. This study intended to illustrate the main features of the clinical presentation of gastric volvulus during a 34 years of follow-up in an university hospital.


In many multisensor systems the number and type of sensors supporting a particular target track can vary with time due to the mobility, type, and resource limitations of the individual sensors. This variability in the configuration of the sensor system poses a significant problem when tracking maneuvering targets because of the uncertainty in the target motion model. A Kalman filter is often employed to filter the position measurements for estimating the position, velocity, and acceleration of a target. When designing the Kalman filter, the process noise (acceleration) variance Q/sub k/ is selected such that the 65 to 95% probability region contains the maximum acceleration level of the target. However, when targets maneuver, the acceleration changes in a deterministic manner. Thus, the white noise assumption associated with the process noise is violated and the filter develops a bias in the state estimates during maneuvers. The problem of tracking maneuvering targets with multiple sensors is illustrated through an example involving target motion in a single coordinate in which it is shown that with two sensors one can have (under certain conditions that include perfect alignment of the sensors) worse track performance than a single sensor. The Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm is applied to the illustrative example to demonstrate a potential solution to this problem of track filter performance.


Introduction 1. Identity and beyond: Setting the framework of analysis 2. A historical overview of the development of national identity in modern Egypt with reference to language: The formative period 3."Arabic" indexes amidst a nation and a nation-state: Ideologies, attitudes and linguistic realities 4. Social attributes of Egyptian identity 5. Narration and identity construction 6. The politics of identity and linguistic unrest: The case of the Egyptian revolution 7. Conclusions List of abbreviations


In this report we have considered the effectiveness of operative hysteroscopy for the treatment of endouterine pathologies in 78 patients admitted in our department from June 1991 to April 1994.


A passivation technique consisting of a (NH4)2S dip followed by GaS deposition has been applied to a GaAs microwave-power metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET). The breakdown characteristic of the MESFET is greatly improved upon the (NH4)2S treatment, and a stable passivation effect can be achieved by GaS film deposition. It is found that the FET current–voltage characteristics are closely related to variations in the pinning position of the GaAs surface Fermi level. With the surface passivated, a depletion layer can be properly formed and protected, which is of benefit to the control of the device parameters.


Linear and multilinear relationships between some solvent polarity parameters and solvatochromic shifts of absorption and fluorescence of 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthalene (DHBN) revealed strong charge transfer excitations (formation of S1,CT with higher dipole moment) in this dipolar system. This dihydroxy molecule with pKa(S0) of 10.9 becomes a weak acid with pKa(S1) of 6.8 in its first excited singlet state. We studied the excited state proton-transfer process from DHBN to the base water in acetonitrile solution by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that the process occurs via a 1: 1 very weak (with equilibrium constant K=9×10−3M−1) hydrogen-bonded adduct between the photoacid DHBN and the base. Moreover, the rate constant of fluorescence quenching of DHBN by some Lewis acids; Ag


The article consideres migration as a complex social phenomenon, which is characterised by considerable diversity, and is one of the most adequate indicators of socio-economic welfare of society a kind of «foot voting» by people.There are given different approaches to defining the essence of the concept «migration» and its type, which are reflected not only in science but also in the practice of recording and regulation of migration in Russia.The article gives the classification and characteristics of different forms of migration. It also emphasizes migration on the basis of the time principle, including temporary (reversible) and permanent (irreversible) forms of migration movements. On the basis of international experience of recording and regulatory practices of migration, it is explained why it is advisable in case of temporary migration: short term and long term, to limit the duration of the stay of migrants outside their usual place of residence. Regular migration is considered on the example of the daily pendulum and cross-border migrations. The types of irregular migration can be movements made with different frequency, which depends on the presence of a certain amount of work: seasonal migration, in which the moving and work migrants are dependent on seasonal conditions and is performed only during a certain period of the year (e.g. harvest within 1-2 months), and shuttle migration of vendors, making periodic trips of different duration for goods to return to the place of usual or permanent residence.There are given features of the statistical recording of temporary migration by authorized bodies in Russia: the Home Office, the Federal Migration Service, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Border Service of the Federal Security Service. The article defines positive aspects and disadvantages in the work of these structures.


A structural framework is a well-defined concept, being used primarily to add structural understanding to a geological model. Within GeoConnect3d, a new approach is used, i.e. the structural framework concept is modified to become the leading model, in which geological maps and models can be inserted and related to. This structural framework is being developed and implemented for two areas of interest Roer-to-Rhine in northwest Europe and Pannonian Basin in eastern Europe and will soon be implemented in two pilot areas, Ireland and Bavaria. The organisation of information is strongly linked to different scales of visualisation, starting from the pan-European view (1:15,000,000) with the possibility to zoom in to the scale of local geological models and maps in these four areas.


Being an academic administrator, specifically a department chair, can be an exciting and rewarding role in the discipline of criminal justice/criminology. Securing and succeeding in such a position, however, can be a daunting challenge. In this context, the aim of this essay is to provide as much direct and to the point information as possible to consider before and after accepting an assignment within the university's administrative structure. The advice given is intended to be suggestive—points to weigh. Still, given that they are based on extensive experience in diverse roles across diverse institutions, they are insights that might well help readers to avoid salient pitfalls that chairs of academic units commonly confront.


MANUSCRIPTS which serve neither to establish the text of an author nor to illustrate a notable stage in the development of a given script have usually received scant attention unless they happen to be blessed with notable ornamentation. Yet, inconspicuous as the deteriores of any classical author may be individually, collectively they have much to offer to the patient reader, especially if the interests of mediaeval men are as important o him as the ipsissima verba poetae. It has been frequently suggested of late that much might be learned of mediaeval and Renaissance scholarship by a study of the accessus and other critical apparatus in manuscripts of the school authors. For such a study Lucan's epic seems particularly appropriate because of its well-known popularity in the schools and its wide use by mediaeval authors of all types, showing how far the school drill was from destroying interest in the poem, because of the great number of extant manuscripts, and not least, perhaps, because of its relative unpopularity today, which throws into clearer relief the features for which earlier generations prized it. When we find Lucan, now to so many the 'shadow of a mighty name,' constantly quoted, and the margins of the manuscripts filled with comments, instructions, and praise, we realize that in this difference of judgment lies one more clue to the workings of the mediaeval mind. I have dealt elsewhere with the fondness for Lucan shown by quotations from his works: my purpose here is to present those characteristics of his poem which seemed of especial importance to teachers and readers for whose use so many copies of the Bellum Civile were made. Of their number no estimate is possible. The mentions of manuscripts of Lucan in the extant catalogues are surprisingly few in comparison with the number of manuscripts that survive, and the actual manuscripts are widely scattered. In eight cities alone I have seen over 150 in addition to numerous florilegia with extensive Lucan citations, and commentaries unaccompanied by the text. The present study is based on these manuscripts, of diverse qualities and origins, dating chiefly from the twelfth to the fifteenth century.' While there are a few striking instances of handsome texts on fine vellum with illuminated initials and borders, pages unsullied by the student's greasy thumb and fair margins occupied only by neat rubricsCOMPARATIO, ORATIO, APOS-


The invention relates to the design and type of electrolytic filtrpressnogo allows to simplify the structure. Simplification is achieved in an electrolytic filtrpressnogo type comprising bipolar electrodes consisting of anodes, cathodes and base sheets, the anode and cathode sides are provided with protrusions, the upper base is parallel to the surface of the sheet, the ion exchange membrane to the sealing member, wherein the base sheet with protrusions is formed integral metal anodes and cathodes are connected to the protrusions of the base sheet, either directly or through the metal plate, was repeated guides form the base sheet with protuberances, protrusions connected to wasps novnogo sheet welding. 3 yl.


Up to 200 managers of children's services are to be surveyed on the role of support workers by the RCN paediatric nurse managers forum.


With the geriatric population growing in the United States, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of hip fractures. Over 280,000 hip fractures, including femoral neck and intertrochanteric varieties, are evaluated each year in the United States1,2.

The primary goals of surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures are stable fixation and immediate weight-bearing. The biomechanics of intertrochanteric hip fractures have been clarified in the literature, and stable fractures are those in which posteromedial comminution is absent. The lack of comminution allows for compressing of the two fracture fragments with implants, conferring stability to the construct3-5. The overwhelming majority of stable intertrochanteric hip fractures are treated with one of two designs: a sliding hip screw with a side plate or a cephalomedullary nail6. Various nail lengths are available, including short, intermediate, and long. Certain fracture patterns necessitate the use of a long nail, while stable intertrochanteric hip fractures can be treated successfully with all three lengths, depending on surgeon preference.

Recently, in response to reports of fractures occurring at the end of short intramedullary nails7-17, opinion has shifted toward the use of long cephalomedullary nails in an unlocked fashion for stable intertrochanteric hip fractures. The rationale is that intertrochanteric fractures categorized as stable only require fixation across the fracture site to convert shear force into compressive force. As there is no rotational instability distal to the fracture, the helical blade or screw through the intramedullary nail crossing the fracture site is sufficient when coupled with the intact or reduced posteromedial cortex to act as a buttress against rotational instability, negating the need for distal interlocking screws18. Moreover, these fractures are usually seen in the elderly with osteopenic …


In Porphyra umbilicalis, circadian rhythms of nuclear division and growth activity persisted for at least 7 cycles in continuous white fluorescent light, with a period of 21 h for the free-running growth rhythm at 15 µmol m−2 s−1 and 10 °C. Growth rhythmicity was lost at irradiances above 20 µmol m−2 −1. The growth and mitotic rhythms seem to be driven in parallel by circadian rhythmicity, and the details of growth kinetics must be due mainly to the growth behaviour of non-dividing cells. This was inferred from the finding that individual cells continued to grow from one cell division to the next, with generation times of 2–6 days. Transfer from continuous light to 12:12 h light : dark synchronized the free-running growth rhythm, with a high growth peak appearing every 24 h at the start of the light phase and an increase in growth rate during the dark phase. The ascending portion of the free-running growth curve was thus shifted into the night phase of the diurnal regime and the descending portion into th...


Surface polaritons are two-dimensional electromagnetic waves propagating at the interface between two media. The electromagnetic field of surface polaritons decays exponentially with distance from the interface. When a thin film is embedded in between two similar dielectrics, the two surface polaritons excited on the opposite interfaces of the thin film can couple. This coupling hybridizes the surface polaritons into two modes called long range surface polariton (LRSPs) and short range surface polariton (SRSPs). LRSPs and SRSPs have been thoroughly investigated in thin metallic films [1]. There is, however, little work on surface polaritons supported by thin films of absorbing materials [2].


As recognition of increased pressure on coastal ecosystems and the value of the goods and services that these systems provide have grown, the US has enacted environmental laws to protect these sensitive resources from injury and depletion. To meet its responsibilities under these laws, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed and utilizes a science-based paradigm in response to spills of oil and other hazardous materials. The goals of this system are to reduce the injury to coastal resources and ecosystems (response) and enhance the recovery of any injured resources (restoration).


This proclamation from Governor Mark Sanford proclaims April 17 – 23, 2006 as Oral and Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week and April 21, 2006 as Oral and Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Day .


Throughout the United States pacemakers are implanted by some 8,700 physicians working in 3,300 hospitals with bed capacities of more than 100 beds and 1,000 surgicenters. Cardiologists perform the implants in 62% of cases.^ This is in sharp contrast to practices of the earlier days of pacing when 75% of implants were performed by surgeons, usually a thoracic surgeon, because in those days all implants required a thoracotomy or mediastinotomy.^ Once the introducer technique became available a dramatic shift in practice occurred because cardiologists, who had become adept at subclavian vein "sticks" through their work in coronary care units and cardiac catheterization laboratories, found it reasonable to implant pacemaker leads (and the pacemakers) without the need to cut-down on the cephalic vein.^'^ They may or may not also have learned the associated disciplines of wound management, complex dissections, pocket mobilization, pulse generator positioning, or the management of operative and postoperative complications. Furthermore, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implants, once a procedure performed exclusively by surgeons, are now performed by electrophysiologists, thus compounding the issue. ̂


Ti-containing zeolite was synthesised and used in the epoxidation of di-cyclopentadiene (DCPD). Among various Ti-zeolite catalysts, Y contained Ti-zeolite showed the highest yield in the epoxidation of DCPD. The study was also investigated in terms of the Ti content in the catalysts, /substrate ratio, reaction temperature and applied time. The reaction conditions significantly influenced on both the catalytic activity and selectivity. In addition, Ti structure in the zeolite was analyzed using IR and UV-vis spectroscopy.


52nd Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, Moriond EW2017, La Thuile, France, 18 May 2017 - 25 May 2017


The invention provides a process for spraying three-dimensional wood grain. The process comprises the following steps that: base powder is sprayed on a section for the first time; wood grain is transferred to the section for the second time; a wood grain pattern board of which the wood grain effect is the same as that generated by the second step is produced by computer operation; high-light-saturation polyester solid powder is vertically sprayed on the surface of a product by using a laser beam to enable the powder to generate concave-convex three-dimensional wood grain effect on the surfaceof the section; and after the section is baked at the temperature of 200 DEG C for 30 minutes, the quality of the powder on the surface is changed, the surface of the product is covered with a transparent layer of which the hardness reaches 7-8H on the premise of ensuring unchanged wood grain effect. When the hardness of a coating on the surface of the section reaches 7-8H, the abrasive resistance of the section is further improved, and the surface of the section has rich wood grain, brilliant colors, vivid wooden feeling and three-dimensional feeling; and as the surface of the section is completely covered by a complete transparent coating, the wood grain effect on the section lasts longer and is more durable.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand related molecule 1A (TL1A), also termed TNF superfamily member 15 and vascular endothelial growth inhibitor is important for tumorigenicity and autoimmunity. However, the function of TL1A in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains to be elucidated. The present study established a diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model to investigate TL1A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression levels in the retina, vitreous and serum of rats with DM at different stages (1 month group, 3 month group and 6 month group). The present study determined that TL1A expression levels in the retina and vitreous from the DM 1 month group were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, TL1A levels in the retina and vitreous were significantly increased in advanced stages of DM compared with the control group. Furthermore, the levels of VEGF in the retina and vitreous were significantly higher in the DM groups compared with the control group. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retina and vitreous were significantly higher in DM 3 month and 6 month groups compared with the control group. It is of note that the expression levels of TL1A were significantly lower in the DM 1 and 3 month groups compared with the control group; however, they were significantly increased in the DM 6 month group compared with the DM 3 month group. The expression levels of VEGF, TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum have been observed to exhibit similar expression change dynamics as those of the retina and vitreous. Therefore, these findings suggest that TL1A may be a protective factor of DR, and may provide a rationale for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat DR.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) following uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (Phaco/PC IOL) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed preoperative and postoperative IOP in 31 consecutive medically-controlled POAG patients who underwent uneventful Phaco/PC IOL. None of the patients had prior intraocular surgery.

RESULTS
The mean preoperative IOP in the POAG group was 18.1+/-3.1 mm Hg with patients receiving a mean of 1.7 antiglaucoma medications. With a mean follow-up of 16.4 months, the average postoperative IOP in the POAG group was 15.2+/-2.9 mm Hg (P < .001, Student's t test) with patients receiving a mean of 0.7 antiglaucoma medication (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Phaco/PC IOL may be associated with a significant decrease in IOP in POAG patients, allowing for decreased postoperative antiglaucoma medication.


Decanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au{111} have been used as host matrices for the molecular insertion of 1,10-decanedithiol from dilute ethanolic solutions into film defect sites. The inserted 1,10-decanedithiolate molecules were observed as protrusions in topographic scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) images. With this method, each 1,10-decanedithiolate molecule adopts an orientation with a single Ausurface–thiolate bond with the distal thiol termini protruding from the SAM. Subsequent topographic STM images captured the molecular migration of inserted 1,10-decanedithiolate molecules, and this event is attributed either to molecular movement up or down a gold step edge or reconstruction of a gold vacancy island.


The current study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of the internees regarding tetanus immunization in children, pregnant women and adults as per the NIS and the guidelines regarding tetanus immunization in relation to the wound categories depending on the immunisation status of the patients. A pre tested questioner used to access knowledge among 108 internees. 57.4% internees were not aware of the number of doses of tetanus vaccine recommended for children under the age of 16 years and 76.8% internees were not aware of the number of doses of tetanus vaccine recommended for adults over the age of 16 years. More than 90% of the internees considered contaminated wounds, animal bites, burn injuries and wounds greater than 6 hours old to be tetanus prone. 91.7% of internees had considered wounds greater than 6hours old as tetanus prone and 5.6% did not consider this wound to be tetanus prone. On the other hand 97.2% of internees had considered contaminated wounds and animal bite to be tetanus prone and 2.8% did not consider. While 93.5% of internees considered burn injuries to be prone to the development of tetanus, 6.5% of internees thought otherwise. 13% of the internees did not consider human bite to be tetanus prone. 25% of the internees considered every cut injury to be tetanus prone. Better TT awareness of tetanus prophylaxis recommendations is necessary and tetanus prophylaxis recommendations may be more effective if they are better adhered to at the ED and the other departments that are involved in providing tetanus prophylaxis to their patients.


The possibility of performing hydrodynamic calculations in hydraulic machines using CFD software packages was considered. The main steps of the process of setting and solving the tasks were determined. Numerical studies of the spatial flow of fluid in the flow parts of hydraulic machines were carried out on the example of the bulb-type turbine, the reversible hydraulic machine and the centrifugal submersible pump. The results of calculations, namely, the visualization of the flow in the form of velocity distribution and pressure distribution, are presented. The analysis of the convergence of the results of numerical research with experimental data on the basis of determining the hydraulic coefficient of efficiency of the considering machines was carried out.


Adaptation of players to the training process during periodical training in sport camps depends on the organization of the training process, in which it is important to take into consideration not only physiological, but also psychological state of the athlete. Organization of the process of adaptation to unusual climatic conditions makes a coach overcom many obstacles, among which one of the most important is the psychological state of the athlete, which determines his performance. Prevention of conflict between players is important in the process of adaptation of athletes to training in the regions with climat different from the usual. Interpersonal conflicts between team players, which often arise in training camps, are the result of physiological maladaptation of the athlete, which manifests itself in psychological stress.


The dispersion of the quadratic electro-optic (Kerr) constants of KCl crystals containing two substitutional impurities Pb2+ and Cu+ has been determined. The constants (r11,11-R11,22) and R12,12 are reported for the crystals at different concentrations of the impurities in the region 590-290 nm. The observed wavelength dependence is found to be similar to that of the piezo-optical constants of pure alkali halide crystals. The experimental data have been fitted to a simple Sellmeier relation and the dispersion constants are reported.


Devas and colleagues are credited with pioneering orthogeriatric care in the 1950s in Hastings, United Kingdom. He described the need to carefully consider all the patient's circumstances when planning their care. This approach remains highly relevant 70 years on. Shared models of care are now well recognized in specialties like orthopaedics where benefits in mortality, morbidity and reduced length of stay have been shown mainly in hip fracture surgery. Other disciplines have been slow to consider replicating this model, perhaps due to lack of evidence across other procedures, conflicting demands, funding barriers or perhaps, due to a perceived threat of loss of control over perioperative care. Reluctance may also stem from the perceived prying eyes of a physician into our decision making and outcomes, or possibly anticipating delays to surgery from medical incursions. Perhaps it is simply a lack of understanding of possible frameworks and potential gains? We were offered the chance to emulate the orthopaedic model with a similar initiative at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Perth in 2014, securing funding for a 0.1 FTE consultant in geriatrics with a 0.4 FTE geriatric registrar, equating to one consultant led ward round per week and weekday ward rounds by the registrar. Over time, this has evolved into a twice-weekly geriatrician round with registrar support 6 days per week. Whilst the geriatric ward round did involve our vascular surgery juniors, it took place after the early morning surgical round so as not to interfere with patient flow, theatre or discharge deadlines. The juniors were quick to express their appreciation of a slower paced round with the opportunity to learn medicine as it pertains to the elderly, frail and co-morbid—a skill base essential for many career pathways. The surprise came from the geriatric team who were astonished that we had been routinely managing some of the highest risk patients in the hospital for many years. One of our major hurdles prior to the vascular geriatric service, was facilitating transfer of frail, co-morbid patients to an appropriate downstream facility for rehabilitation or ongoing care. We rapidly came to appreciate the expertise of a consultant geriatrician in expediting and facilitating this by patient optimisation when discharges took place in days rather than weeks. Having 'in-house' physician expertise created further benefits and time savings within the patient stay, including a reduction in the number of medical specialty consultations required. With the geriatric team helping to manage the perioperative period, there was a reduced requirement for external advice and consequent delay. This helped reduce our length of stay further, enabling us to admit higher volumes of patients with urgent problems through a limited number of beds at any one time. The ability of geriatricians to reduce length of stay for surgical patients is now well documented. In vascular surgery, where catheter-based interventions are the norm and the endovascular possibilities are ever-expanding, we are regularly faced with risk/benefit judgement calls. The involvement of the geriatricians in prognostication for complex patients facing major intervention has become valuable in assisting us in making the best possible decisions for our patients. Although some centres have Physicianassisted input, Geriatricians are expert at managing cognitive impairment and vascular dementia improving quality of care for these patients. Other benefits from geriatric involvement include patient centred care with improvements in the management of geriatric syndromes (such as delirium, frailty and polypharmacy), perioperative risk reduction and enhanced communication with patients, relatives and the allied health team outside of a fastpaced surgical ward round. An unexpected gain was the emergence of a productive research group involving vascular surgery, vascular geriatrics, anaesthesia, renal medicine, podiatry and nursing. This group has delivered several QI projects, registrar projects, medical student projects and audits. Outcomes from the group have led to changes in unit practice, for example reduced use of myocardial perfusion scans in preoperative assessment, increased use of preoperative iron transfusion and measurement of frailty and sarcopenia, many have been presented at major vascular meetings. The understanding of research delivery and engagement of motivated individuals for change can be exponentially beneficial to any unit. It is satisfying to see juniors come away with an enhanced knowledge of medicine as it pertains to surgery through collaborations like this, as well as a presentation and a paper or two. As our population ages and co-morbid conditions such as diabetes and obesity increase, procedural risk in our patient cohorts will only get higher. By sharing patient centred goals and the perspective of experts in care of the elderly, we can mitigate the perioperative risk and streamline patient flow without compromising our way of work, personal preferences, schedules or control. Although clear to us that we and our patients only benefit by shared care with our geriatricians, patient reported outcomes will strengthen the case for a shared care model aside from costeffectiveness in a specialty where quality of life may have greater


Data routing in wireless sensor networks must be energy-efficient because tiny sensor nodes have limited power. A cluster-based hierarchical routing is known to be more efficient than a flat routing because only cluster-heads communicate with a sink node. Existing hierarchical routings, however, assume unrealistically large radio transmission ranges for sensor nodes so they cannot be employed in real environments. In this paper, by considering the practical transmission ranges of the sensor nodes, we propose a clustering and routing method for hierarchical sensor networks: First, we provide the optimal ratio of cluster-heads for the clustering. Second, we propose a d-hop clustering scheme. It expands the range of clusters to d-hops calculated by the ratio of cluster-heads. Third, we present an intra-cluster routing in which sensor nodes reach their cluster-heads within d-hops. Finally, an inter-clustering routing is presented to route data from cluster-heads to a sink node using multiple hops because cluster-heads cannot communicate with a sink node directly. The efficiency of the proposed clustering and routing method is validated through extensive simulations.


(Abstract) This paper presents a developed voltage stability index for identifying the most sensitive buses to the voltage collapse in radial distribution networks. The developed index is based on the transferred active and reactive power of a distribution line. The developed index utilizes the continuous power-flow solution calculated using real time power-flow software in distribution management systems. The developed stability index is tested and validated using commercial continuation load-flow program. Then, the index is used to detect the voltage instability in real-time scenarios using a typical 24-hour daily load curves data of various demands with a 33-node radial feeder. The impact of distributed generation is also studied with varied daily environmental conditions including wind speed. The results show that the developed stability index provides fast assessment of the voltage instability in real time. The developed method fits with smart grid applications since the stability index can be easily integrated with the continuous power-flow solver utilized in distribution management systems.


To verify the composed Web services, a general view of what traits of a service need to be identified is still lacking. The existing verification model did not address any mechanism for getting alternative services if we failed to reach the desired service and partially concentrated on the reachability problem for a deterministic and non-deterministic system in sequential. This paper proposes a Synthesised Non-deterministic Turing Machine Model (SNTMM) by combining the Multistacked Non-deterministic Turing Machine (MSNTM) model and Multitaped Non-deterministic Turing Machine (MTNTM) model to verify the composed Web services for both deterministic and non-deterministic systems in parallel. The deceased transition and departed service marking algorithm have been proposed to address each participated service's reachability in composing service for all possible input in parallel. This article shows an example to demonstrate the meticulousness of the model. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed model is measured efficiently


[Objective] The paper was to optimize the extraction process of resveratrol from Polygoni cuspidati by enzymatic method.[Method] The best conditions of extraction of resveratrol from P.cuspidati by enzymatic method were determined by using the method of single factor experiment combined with orthogonal experiment.[Result] The best extraction process of resveratrol from P.cuspidati was that,the ratio of material and water was 1∶15(V/V);laccase content was 0.30%;cellulose content was 0.50%;xylanase content was 0.40%;β-glucanase content was 0.20%;pH 4.4,and the yield of resveratrol under these conditions was up to 0.592%.[Conclusion] The study provided a research basis for the development and utilization of resveratrol.