According to 55-year hydrometeorological data,the paper analyzes the characteristics of runoff variation and its affecting factor of the Huangshui River and establishes a formula for natural runoff calculation and analyzes the influence of climate variation and human activities to the runoff of Huangshui River based on the relations of main affecting factors of precipitation,temperature and evaporation and runoff.The outcomes show that along with the worse trend of arid and warm,the influence of climate variation to the runoff is getting greater since 1980's.The proportion of the influence of climate variation and human activities to the runoff is 2 ∶8 and 3 ∶7 respectively in 1980's and 1990's,while the proportion is almost 5 ∶5 in the period of 2000~2004.


Cortical bone is semi-brittle and anisotropic, that brings a challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting process in surgeries. In this paper, a novel analytical model is proposed to represent cortical bone cutting processes. The model is utilized to predict the chip formations, material removal behavior and cracks propagation under varying bone osteon cutting angles and depths. Series of orthogonal cutting experiments were conducted on cortical bone to investigate the impact of bone osteon cutting angle and depth of cut on cutting force, crack initialization and propagation. The observed chip morphology highly agreed with the prediction of chip formation based on the analytical model. The curly, serrated, grainy and powdery chips formed when the cutting angle was set as 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively. Cortical bone were removed dominantly by shearing at a small depth of cut from 10 to 50 μm, and by a mixture of pealing, shearing, fracture and crushing at a large depth of cut over 100 μm at different bone osteon angles. Moreover, its fracture toughness was calculated based on measured cutting force. It is found that the fluctuation of cutting force is suppressed and the bone material becomes easy to remove, which attributes to lower fracture toughness at bone osteon cutting angle 0°. When the cutting direction develops a certain angle to bone osteon, the fracture toughness increases then the crack propagation is inhibited to some extent and the fluctuation of cutting force comparatively decreases. There is a theoretical and practical significance for tools design and operational parameters choice in surgeries.


Improving the condition and safety of deteriorating bridges usually requires large amount of investments. According to ASCE (2009), more than 26% of the bridges in the United States are structurally deficient, and $17 billion (in 2006 dollars) annual investments are is required over the next 50 years to eliminate all existing and arising bridge deficiencies over this time interval. Bridge managers are usually faced with the problem of allocating limited financial resources in a cost-effective manner to maintain adequate functionality of deteriorating bridges (Liu and Fran gopol 2005a). Life-cycle analysis has been well recognized as a significant tool to maximize the cost-effectiveness of improving bridge condition and safety in addition to extending service life. Therefore, understanding of life-cycle analysis is necessary and essential for bridge engineers and managers. This chapter presents general concepts of bridge life-cycle performance analysis and optimization. To understand the structural performance prediction for life-cycle analysis under uncertainty, critical deterioration mechanisms for bridges, such as corrosion and fatigue, and reliability concepts are discussed. Furthermore, effects of inspection, monitoring, and maintenance on bridge life-cycle performance are presented. Considering these effects, several approaches for life-cycle optimization including optimum inspection and maintenance planning are introduced. General concepts of optimal management using multiobjective optimization and their applications are also provided. 18


A new kind of a decision diagrams are presented: its nodes correspond to all types of nonsingular expansions for groups of input variables, in particular pairs. The diagrams are called the Linearly Independent (LI) Decision Diagrams (LI DDs). There are 840 nonsigular expansions for a pair of variables, thus 840 different types of nodes in the tree. Therefore, the number of nodes in such (exact) diagrams is usually much smaller than the number of nodes in the well-known Kronecker diagrams (which have only single-variable Shannon, Positive Davio, and Negative Davio expansions in nodes). It is usually much smaller than 1/3 of the number of nodes in Kronecker diagrams. Similarly to Kronecker diagrams, the LI Diagrams are a starting point to a synthesis of multilevel AND/OR/EXOR circuits with regular structures. Other advantages of LI diagrams include: they generalize the well-known Pseudo-Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams, and can be used to optimize the new type of PLAs called LI PLAs. Importantly, while the known decision diagrams used AND/EXOR or AND/OR bases, the new diagrams are AND/OR/EXOR-based. Thus, because of a larger design space, multi-level structures of higher regularity can be created with them. This paper presents both new concepts and new efficient synthesis algorithms.


Introduction: Exercise is recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. However, exercise-induced hypertension may threaten vascular endothelial health. Previous studies indicate conditioned s...


In order to reduce the energy consumption of cement enterprises and improve energy efficiency, this paper collects relevant data of cement enterprise production process. Firstly, the paper introduces the idea and method of collecting data by using serial port, and then systematically sorts the collected data and alarms of energy consumption limit, so as to provide a reasonable basis for the relevant personnel to seek production methods to reduce cement energy consumption.


The effect of planting densities on the growth of (4 collections) was investigated using nutrient film technique (NFT) with Yamazaki' lettuce nutrient solution (1982) from September 5th to October 24th in non-heating plastic film house. At 40 days, the plant height of 4 collections showed the range of 15.0-18.9 cm, and mean plant height was high the order of , , and . The growth of 'Pohang' and 'Wando' collections was better compared to that of 'Gunsan' and 'Wanju' collections. Number of node, stem diameter, and fresh and dry weight per plant were decreased in higher planting density. Despite the lower fresh weight per plant obtained, the fresh yield per was significantly increased in higher planting density. The mean fresh yield was in , and 'Pohang' collection showed the highest fresh yield (). The first optimized harvesting time base on plant height was 30-40 days after NFT culture during autumn season. In eating quality, compression force of stem and bitterness of shoot were decreased in higher planting density. However, the heavy labor demanding high density cutting needs to be improved for hydroponic culture of .


Based on the data from eight seasonal oceanographic censuses in the Changjiang Estuary (28°00'-32°00'N,122°00'-123°30' E) in 1959 and 2002,this paper discussed temporal-spatial distributions of Sagitta crassa and Sagitta enflata and effects of global warming on them in the Changjiang Estuary. The results show that the average abundance of S. crassa was less than 1.00 ind/m3,and its occurrence frequency was lower,had no aggregate feature during spring,summer and autumn. In the winter of 1959 the average abundance was 3.24 ind/m3,and the occurrence frequency and aggregation intensity were higher,while in winter,2002,the average abundance sharply decreased to 0.001 ind/m3,and almost disappeared. The average abundance,occurrence frequency and aggregation intensity of S. enflata were much higher in summer than in other seasons. The average abundance was as high as 16.06 ind/m3 in the summer of 2002,increasing by 3.71 ind/m3 compared to the same season in 1959,and the distribution area clearly expanded. It is obvious that responses of S. crassa and S. enflata to water temperature warming are different in the Changjiang Estuary,and both species could be awarded as important indicators of global warming.


THE symptoms of any case of intracranial neoplasm may be classified (1) general, due to increased intracranial pressure, and (2) local, depending upon the part of the brain affected and due to a disturbance in function of the particular region attacked. The general symptoms include headache, vomiting, optic neuritis, vertigo, and mental failure. When accompanied by a history extending over several weeks or months the general symptoms are usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis of an intracranial tumour. It might be mentioned in passing that Bright's disease, lead poisoning, and the severe anemias have sometimes been confused with bran disease on account of the headache, vomiting, dizziness, and retinal changes which may manifest themselves. After a general diagnosis of brain tumour has been made the exact position of the growth should be determined if poble, and in order to do this we depend upon the local or localizing symptoms. As indicated above, these localizing symptoms vary according to the region attacked, and their value depends upon our knowledge of the anatomical seats of the various functions. When certain parts of the brain are diseased there are no definite symptoms to indicate a disturbance of function. These parts, the functions of which are obscure or not easily investigated, are usually known as silent areas. When any one of these silent areas is the seat of a tumour we must attempt to form a diagnosis by a careful consideration of the history of the case and by the elimination of all regions which seem to be unlikely sites. In some cases the per-


In this paper, a new method for 3-D image registration based on the positions of corresponding external point markers in two modalities is presented. The proposed approach is based on the Bayesian theorem, the normal likelihood function (expressing the residuals) and the exponential priors to approximate the posterior density of the registration transformation. The transformation is expressed in terms of 9 parameters: 3 magnifications, 3 translations and 3 rotation angles. The parameters are estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approach i.e. Gibbs sampling. The performance of the proposed registration technique is evaluated quantitatively using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques by generating images of the external markers in two modalities. Having transformed the corresponding marker positions to the same coordinate system using the estimated transformation, their residuals are computed. Thus, the various factors that affect the registration's accuracy can be investigated using the residuals of the external markers and the registration parameters. These factors include: the number of external markers and the positioning errors of the markers.


Incompatible duties separation is the foundation and the core of the enterprise's internal control system. The primary foundation to ascertain incompatible duties and its separation extent is the economic feasibility. For this reason, we must rethink to widen duties separation content from the range, the depth and the time. On that basis, this paper analyses the economic benefits and the cost to pay from the duties separation, and chooses the appropriate form and degree of position separation from considering comprehensively the measurement characteristics, risk preference, regulations requirements and other factors.


An electronic device and a method for adjusting. Based on the capacitance value with a preset value of the coupling capacitance of the piezoelectric element on both sides of the capacitive sensor of the measured voltage to generate an adjustment, and based on this adjustment voltage to generate the driving voltage for driving the piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric material in order to avoid depolarization problem affects the intensity of vibration of the electronic device.


As the effective field theory of the superstring theory, ten-dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is induced. We consider the ten-dimensional space-time ${\cal M}_{10}$ as direct products of our four-dimensional space-time ${\cal M}_{4}$ and three two-dimensional compact spaces $X_i\ (i=1,2,3)$, i.e. ${\cal M}_{10} = {\cal M}_4 \times X_2 \times X_2 \times X_3$. In particular, we consider $X_i$ as a torus, the torus orbifold, and also the blow-up manifold of the torus orbifold with background magnetic fluxes. We discuss the modular symmetry in the magnetized torus and its orbifold compactifications. We find that the modular flavor groups and the representations as well as modular weights of the chiral fields such as quarks and leptons obtained from the magnetized torus as well as the orbifold compactifications can be uniquely determined with the magnetic fluxes. We also discuss the magnetized blow-up manifold compactification in which orbifold singularities are replaced by parts of sphere as a smooth manifold. We find that the chiral zero mode numbers on the blow-up manifold as well as the orbifold can be determined only by the magnetic fluxes including localized fluxes due to the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, and then the degree of freedom of localized fluxes gives new additional chiral zero modes. We also find that the new chiral zero modes correspond to localized modes around the orbifold singularities.


Most of the research evidence in Indian mutual fund industry revolves around performance evaluation but very little research is evident in the field of market timing and stock selection. With plethora of investment schemes available to Indian mutual fund investor, it becomes necessary to assess not only their performance but its attributes too. This paper highlights the stock selection and market timing abilities of mutual fund managers by using conditional and unconditional models. The conceptual study discusses the comparison between traditional and conditional model for assessing the presence of market timing and stock selection ability. This paper attempts to distinguish the timing ability of mutual fund manager on the basis of public and private information. The paper limits its discussion to performance evaluation of equity portfolios only.


[Objective]To establish UV-photolysis method to digest the milk power sample and optimize the conditions such as irradiation time,irradiation intensity and quantity of oxidant and so on.[Methods]HNO3 and H2O2 was added into the sample,which was took out and held definitely after photodissociation in ultraviolet device. The contents of K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Pb were determined directly by ICP-AES.[Results]After 90 minutes' photodissociation,milk power was completely digested.Recoveries of the method were from 94.8% to 99.6%,and there was no significant difference between this method and wet digestion.[Conclusion]This method is simple,fast,economical,precise and accurate;it's a satisfying method to digest the milk powder.


Abstract Our goal is to describe the accessible sets of some relatively simple affine control systems which we call free nilpotent. These are systems whose vector fields generate a nilpotent Lie algebra and are maximally free, i. e., all the nonzero Lie brackets are linearly independent. We give a complete characterization of the accessible sets for such systems when all brackets quadratic and higher in the controllable vector field are zero. We show how systems with quadratic brackets can lead to chattering, i.e., an infinite number of control discontinuities in a finite time interval, and offer some conjectures about chattering.


The development of the economy in Indonesia cannot be separated from the existence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, as the population increases, the need for jobs also increases, every human being has needs to survive, and needs employment to meet his needs in order to earn money. This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial orientation on business performance in umkm in sungai rumbai sub-district. The research method used is quantitative research by collecting data through questionnaires distributed to respondents. The independent variables in this study are entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial orientation, while the dependent variable is business performance. The results show that the variables of entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial orientation simultaneously have a significant positive effect on business performance as evidenced by fcount (77.533) > ftabel (3.101). The entrepreneurial competency variable is indicated by the results of the t value of 5.604 and t table 1.662 where t count is greater than t table (5.604> 1.662) and the level of significance value is less than alpha (0.000 <0.05), it can be obtained Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. The entrepreneurial orientation variable t value is 4.150 and t table 1.662 where t count is greater than t table (4.150> 1.662) this shows that the independent variable of entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable of business performance, and the level of significance is less than alpha (0.000 <0.05) it can be obtained Ho is rejected and H2 accepted.


Power industry has a strong carbon locking effect,which can achieve long-term sustainable energy saving and emission reduction.Based on the analysis of carbon emissions trading,a Carbon-IRP model is established.Besides,the effect of different permit prices on electricity generation and carbon emissions under emission constraint are simulated.The results show that the Carbon-IRP model with carbon emissions trading can meet power system reliability while reduce total installed capacity and electricity generation effectively.Therefore,it reduces CO2 emissions evidently: In the case of low permit price,reduction effect is not obvious;but with the price increasing,the reduction effect is more evident.


there is provided a system for operator-secure data processing, wherein the system is implemented in a sealed infrastructure, wherein the sealed infrastructure includes a network domain, at least one processing area and a storage area, wherein the network area, the processing area and the memory area are physically separated from each other, wherein the is processing area adapted to receive data from the storage area and / or of the network domain in encrypted to decrypt the received data and to process and transmit the processed data in encrypted form to the storage area and / or the network area. a method for operator-secure processing of data in a system according to the invention is further provided.


We consider a general, classical theory of gravity in $n$ dimensions, arising from a diffeomorphism-invariant Lagrangian. In any such theory, to each vector field ${\ensuremath{\xi}}^{a}$ on spacetime one can associate a local symmetry and, hence, a Noether current ($n\ensuremath{-}1$)-form j and (for solutions to the field equations) a Noether charge ($n\ensuremath{-}2$)-form Q, both of which are locally constructed from ${\ensuremath{\xi}}^{a}$ and the fields appearing in the Lagrangian. Assuming only that the theory admits stationary black hole solutions with a bifurcate Killing horizon (with bifurcation surface $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$), and that the canonical mass and angular momentum of solutions are well defined at infinity, we show that the first law of black hole mechanics always holds for perturbations to nearby stationary black hole solutions. The quantity playing the role of black hole entropy in this formula is simply $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ times the integral over $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ of the Noether charge ($n\ensuremath{-}2$)-form associated with the horizon Killing field. Furthermore, we show that this black hole entropy always is given by a local geometrical expression on the horizon of the black hole. We thereby obtain a natural candidate for the entropy of a dynamical black hole in a general theory of gravity. Our results show that the validity of the "second law" of black hole mechanics in dynamical evolution from an initially stationary black hole to a final stationary state is equivalent to the positivity of a total Noether flux, and thus may be intimately related to the positive energy properties of the theory. The relationship between the derivation of our formula for black hole entropy and the derivation via "Euclidean methods" also is explained.


Introduction Eating disorders severely impair psychosocial functioning, physical health, and quality of life. In particular, Anorexia Nervosa has the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric diseases. Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders have the highest lifetime prevalence with weighted means of 7.64% for women. Eating disorders are considered hard-to-treat, and studies have indicated that people suffering from eating disorders prefer low-threshold interventions compared to traditional mental health care. International studies show promising results of internet-based interventions for Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders. Objectives To test the effectiveness of an internet-based psychologist-guided cognitive behavioral treatment program (I-TREAT) to reduce eating disorder symptoms in Danish adolescents and adults with Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial with two arms: 1) an intervention group and 2) an active control group. Participants are adolescents from the age of 15 or above, as well as adults, diagnosed with Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders. The intervention group receives the I-TREAT program while the control group receives self-guided mindfulness exercises. I-TREAT comprises 12 text-based treatment sessions with psychoeducation and treatment-related tasks, based on cognitive behavioral therapy and elements of compassion-focused therapy. The treatment duration is approximately 12 to 36 weeks. Videos, pictures, and animations support the treatment content and the program is accessible by web-browser and app. A specialist in eating disorders guides the patient through treatment with task-related feedback and asynchronous written communication. Patients will answer questionnaires regarding eating disorder symptoms, quality of life, and motivational states before, during, and after treatment, with follow-up measures at 3, 6, and 12 months. We expect to include 63 patients to each group and commence recruitment in August 2023. Preliminary results from a feasibility study on I-TREAT show good evaluations from clinicians and patients (N=30). Results No results have yet been obtained. The results will be submitted to international scientific journals and presented at conferences. Conclusions The internet-based cognitive behavioral treatment program I-TREAT may be a promising tool for effectively treating adolescents and adults with Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders in Denmark. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


At present,the high turnover rate of employees is ubiquitous in hotels in our country.The basic reason is the low satisfaction degree of employees,then the employees are short of the sense of belonging to hotels.In the case of the intense competition,the hotels must try every means to increase the satisfaction degree of employees,retain the talented people,train the staff's sense of belonging to the enterprise,and thus realize the people-oriented management.Through taking the form of questionnaire survey,this essay puts to the correlation test on the main factors influencing the basic-level employees'satisfaction by using the econometric software Eviews.On this basis,it brings up some special recommendations and strategies to enhance employees'satisfaction.


Osteoporosis after liver transplantation Secondary osteoporosis is a frequent complication of endstage liver disease which often detoriates after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Management and therapy of osteopenic bone disease are still a major problem in liver transplant recipients. First purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of various specific liver diseases, sexual hormones and immunosuppression on bone loss in patients undergoing OLT. The second aim was to evaluate the effect of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) in comparatively low dosages of 0,25 μg and 0,5 μg as a single therapy or in combination with 1000 mg calcium (Ca) in light and moderate osteoporosis. Patients with severe osteoporosis received a triple combination with 0,5 μg calcitriol, 1000 mg Ca and 25 mg sodium fluoride. Out of 860 patients undergoing OLT from 1988 to 1996, 509 (256 males, 213 females) were assigned to 5 treatment groups as well as to a control group. Bone mineral status and the effect of therapy were estimated by bone mineral density (BMD) measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) before and every six month after OLT. Primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune cirrhosis were associated with a low pre-existing bone mineralisation and most severe decrease of bone mass during the early post-transplantation period. Considering hormonal measuring performed during the study period 17,5% of all measured testosterone levels in men and 78,3% of all measured oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women were in hypogonadic range. Testosterone and oestrogen levels were not significant different among with calcitriol treated and non-treated patients. Baseline immunosuppression consisted of cyclosprin A or tacrolimus initially combined with corticosteroids. Patients treated with tacrolimus had significant less bone mass reduction in the lumbar spine than patients treated with cyclosporine (p=0,0249). This observation was certainly caused by less application of prednisolone. With calcitriol treated patients received considerably more prednisolone and over a longer period of time than non-treated controls. Bone mineralisation essentially increased under calcitriol therapy in all treatment groups. Whereas the low dose of 0,25 μg needed a complementation of Ca especially to achieve better results in the FN, the dosage of 0,5 μg led to BMD improvement of 10,17% in LS and 5,9% in FN without Ca and to an improvement of 10,0 % in LS and 5,2% in FN with Ca supplementation in an average period of 1,5 years. The triple combination with 0,5 μg calcitriol, 1000 mg Ca and 25 mg sodium fluoride which was used in cases of severe osteoporosis showed the best results with a BMD augmentation rate of 10,67% in LS and 12,79% in FN after a period of 1,15 years. In the untreated controls we only found spontaneous BMD improvement of 2,25% in LS and a further bone loss of 0,86% in FN. A small fracture rate of 1,77% was observed. Calcitriol therapy effectively prevents posttransplant bone loss and augments bone mineralisation in osteoporotic patients. Moreover it minimizes the incidence of atraumatic fractures. Additional sodium fluoride increases the bone density in LS and has a special effect on FN. Side effects are negligible.


PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST FACIAL AND NOSE, allergy and cold symptoms, comprising CATCHING AN AMOUNT EFFECTIVELY a pharmaceutically acceptable salt phenindamine IN A wax matrix, nontoxic leachable, IN CONJUNCTION WITH AT LEAST analgesic MATERIAL decongestant, cough suppressant and mixtures of such materials.


In the castle of Coburg there is a singular emblematic fresco of the seventeenth century. It depicts the wedding procession of Duke John Casimir, which is led by knights, falconers, and musicians. Then, drawn by the nuptial car, defile two sets of attendants—four councillors for civil affairs and three for ecclesiastical. So the Duke sets forth for Cythera, the isle of Venus. Here is a graphic symbol of the twin bureaucracy at the service of every German prince.1 The principle of cujus regio, ejus religio inevitably made pleasure, convenience, and power the motive of administration, sacred as well as secular.


21 The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus 22 are critical regulators of the neuroendocrine stress response pathway, known as the 23 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As developmental vulnerabilities of CRH 24 neurons contribute to stress dysfunction and mental health disorders, it is critical to identify 25 the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal CRH neuron development. 26 Using zebrafish, we identified Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like-1 ( dscaml1 ) as an 27 integral mediator of CRH-neuron development and stress axis function. In dscaml1 mutant 28 animals, CRH neurons had higher stress axis-associated neuropeptide ( crhb and avp ) 29 expression, increased cell number, decreased apoptosis, and reduced intercellular spacing 30 as compared to controls. Time-lapse imaging showed that CRH neuron cell death is reduced 31 in dscaml1 mutant animals, contributing to increased CRH neuron number. Physiologically, 32 dscaml1 mutant animals had significantly higher baseline stress hormone (cortisol) levels 33 and an attenuated response to acute stressors. Together, these findings identify dscaml1 as 34 an essential factor for stress axis development and suggest that stress axis dysregulation 35 may contribute to the etiology of human DSCAML1 -linked neuropsychiatric disorders.


Author(s): Dragojevic, I.; Jeppesen, H.B.; Clark, R.M.; Gregorich, K.E.; Alia, M.N.; Allmond, J.M.; Beausang, C.W.; Bleuel, D.L.; Ellison, P.A.; Fallon, P.; Garcia, M.A.; Gates, J.M.; Greene, J.P.; Gros, S.; Lee, I.Y.; Macchiavelli, A.O.; Nelson, S.L.; Nitsche, H.; Stavsetra, L.; Wiedeking, M. | Abstract: K-isomers occur in deformed, axially-symmetric nuclei, (where K is the projection of the total angular momentum on the symmetry axis). K-isomers have been observed in A~130 and A~180 regions. High-K states are also predicted to occur near A=250 in the deformed trans-fermium region. So far there has been relatively little structure information on nuclei in this region of the chart of nuclides due to small production cross sections. However, recent experiments have studied the decay of high-K isomers in 252,254No yielding important information on these multi-quasiparticle states. I will describe our recent identification of high-K isomeric states in 256Rf. Nuclei of interest were produced via the 208Pb(50Ti, 2n)256Rf reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory?s 88-Inch Cyclotron and the decay was studied at the focal plane of the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS).


The left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function was examined by using Doppler echocardiographic data on 108 normal patients. A factor analysis model has been developed to explain the LV functions. 3-3 systolic and diastolic factors were determined by using a factor extraction process from nine systolic and ten diastolic parameters. The first systolic factor correlates to the acceleration, the second to the deceleration, and the third to the PEP/LVET (pre-ejection period/LV ejection time). The first diastolic factor is associated with the early and late filling rate and the isovolumic relaxation period, the second with the late and the third with the early diastolic parameters. On the basis of a determination of the factor scores using the Harman regression method the discriminative values of the factors were analyzed in various heart diseases. An IBM SPSS/PC V3.0 named 'Factor' was used for the factor analysis.<<ETX>>


Mangrove vegetation plays an important role and supplier of organic matter derived from litter fall and litter decomposition The purposes of this research was to obtain the productivity of mangrove vegetation by analyzing the litter fall, decomposition coefficient, and percentage of litter decomposed in the northern coast of Aceh Besar District. The research used purpossive sampling method to determine the 6 stations devided into 2 substations (landward and seaward). This research was conducted in July to September 2016. Each substation was put one of the litter trap. The litter trap method was used to know the mangrove litter production. Litter decomposition focused on R. mucronata leaves were studied by using litterbag technique. The litter bags were made of synthetic nylon which had size 20cm x 30cm and mesh size was 1 x 1.25 mm2. There were 3 types of mangrove found, litter production of Rhizophora mucronata as much as 79.21 g/m2/day, Avicennia marina as much as 0.70 g/m2/day and Sonneratia alba was 17.46 g/m2/day. Based on the substation influenced by tidal, mangrove litters found in the seaward higher than in the landward, the average litter fall was 52.05 g/m2/day and 43.32 g/m2/day. Result of mangrove decomposition showed that the percentage of decomposition for the 49th day in the seaward substation was 48.58% and the landward was 41.53%. Mangrove litter decomposition increased during the time at both substation. Decomposition rate of litter for Rhizopora mucronata species classified very quickly where the substation on the seaward was 0.012 (d−1) and landward was 0.010 (d−1). The half-time took in the leaf litter of mangroves for the landward was 69 days and seaward was 57 days, R. mucronata leaves litter decomposited in seaward substation was faster than landward.


This study is motivated by an analysis of the reality of the multi-party presidential system which is the main aspect of the way back in the governance system in Indonesia, starting from the old order until the reform era in 1998, the plurality structure of the party became a forerunner to the survival of the coalition in the formulation of the Indonesian government cabinet. Consideration that is the prospect of seizing seats in the cabinet coalition is usually focused on the opportunity structure (strategy entry), where the strategy entry refers to the calculation of three important considerations that are political calculations, namely the cost of entering the arena (cost of entry), various benefits (benefits of office), and the possibility of obtaining support from voters (probably of receiving electoral support). In the target of realizing the political goals of the coalition parties, the main approach taken is to develop mutual benefits, namely the benefits of enjoying power. So that in formulating indicators of the success of a democratic country, this study also presents a comparison related to the implementation of a presidential government system in the United States and a parliamentary government system in the United Kingdom that has resulted in a democratic and stable government, as well as realizing a multi-party presidential system as a whole and optimizing dual functions businessman in internal political parties.


This research is an empirical study towards the performance of the Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Magelang in serving its society. The research question was formulated as: Is there any gap between the service quality felt by the society and the service quality expected by the society. The main objective of this study is to analyze the of those service quality.

The sample consisted of 192 respondents taken randomly from society. T-test was employed to analyze the collected data.

Based on the analyzes, the result show that the gap between the expected and the performed qualities occurred in the Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Magelang (t arithmetic = 29.977>t table = 1.960). The gap also occurred in the Tangible dimension (t arithmetic = 34.622>t table = 1.960), the Reability dimension (t arithmetic = 23.00>t table = 1.960), the Responsiveness dimension (t arithmetic = 2.274>t table = 1.960), the Assurance dimension (t arithmetic = 21.053>t table = 1.960), and the Emphaty dimension (t arithmetic = 25.40>t table = 1.960).


The high power characteristics of broad stripe gain-guiding quantum well lasers have been investigated. High quality GaAs/A1GaAs quantum wells and quantum well lasers were grown on 0.5•‹ misoriented (111)B GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Reduction of the optical density in the laser cavity is effective for increasing the maximum light output of graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) type quantum well lasers. The reduction of series resistance by increasing the cavity length, which also reduces the current density, is also effective to increase the maximum light output. The maximum light output of 3.7W has been attained by using small optical confinement in the GRIN region and a long cavity of 750m.


Material flow is one factor that must be taken into account in a production process. A good flow of material will contribute to kelancatan separate production process. Another case when a production process there are many who cut off the flow of materials and the flow back and forth. Both the flow of materials has led to a chaotic flow of material and not infrequently will cause congestion. Those problems arise in the SME Durability Makmur and is caused by the arrangement of production machinery is only adjusted by the operator desires. In this context, it is necessary facility layout rearrangement. Layout design process requires the data. Therefore, to support the process of designing the layout of further observation. Data collection was done by direct observation and interviews with operators and owners of the objects of research.. Based on the analysis and discussion, found the proposal to the problem faced by SMEs Durability Makmur. Short-term proposal is to redesign the layout is put emphasis on restructuring the machines and production facilities. As a long-term proposals, design layout with additional floor area of production, because in the long term proposals to increase about 17 machine 10 machine from an existing engine and the addition of the cutting table as much as 11 unit.Total zipper production floor area is 232 long-term proposals, 18 m2 with an initial production floor area is 100.08 m2 .


The principle of Maximum Matching Method (MM) is "First Matching the Maximum Word-Length". At present, however, the method of Maximum Matching Method (MM) does not incarnate the principle of "First Matching the Maximum Word-Length" well. So in order to incarnate well, a revised BMM and RMM Algorithm of Chinese automatic words segmentation is put forward, and its algorithm is also given.


Based on the introduction of the feature of U-form corrugated shell and nonlinear analysis theory, It use ANSYS to build the thermal-stress coupled analysis model for U-shaped bellows, sets up the relation between rigidity and displacement. The model calculation is compared with experiment. The results presents some key items to design U-form corrugated shell.


HHrsholm has kindly provided the laboratory facilities for the practical work. The thesis is part of the requirements for acquiring the degree of PhD in engineering. In addition to the present thesis, two articles have been published on subjects which are not included in the thesis: Schramm-Nielsen et al. 1998a and Schramm-Nielsen et al. 1998b. VKI manufactures and conducts research of certiied reference materials for environmental analyses. The present w ork encompasses experimental work in the laboratory and the application of statistical methodology-in theory and in practice, as well as the statistical data analysis and literature research. The experimental work of the thesis has been carried out in the Department of Chemistry in the Division of Environmental Chemistry at VKI. The main focus of the study has been on the stability of reference materials based on natural liquid matrices 1. Since data on stability studies 1 Reference materials for trace metals and gasses will not be discussed in this thesis. iii iv for this type of reference materials is rather scarce, data collection has been a fundamental requirement for the realization of this work. Until this point limited attention has been given to the statistical aspects of evaluating stability studies of reference materials. A major object of this thesis has been, on one hand, the investigation of the actual stability o f certain types of materials, and on the other-of the statistical modelling of stability data. Writing a thesis on an interdisciplinary subject-in this case-about a subject overlapping the elds of applied statistics and analytical chemistry is a challenge. It has been necessary to assume that the reader is familiar with basic statistics and to some extent has a basic knowledge of analytical chemistry. The thesis consists of four parts: I. Case studies, II. State of the Art, III. Production and IV. Theory. Some parts and chapters are likely to appeal to statisticians and others will be more interesting for chemists. The structure of the thesis may appear somewhat unusual, since the rst part presents the results of the case studies the experimental work without presenting the models and the theory in full detail. This approach has been chosen deliberately, in the hope that the reader will stay a wake for the main results and that the chemists won't be overwhelmed by t h e statistics. The second and third part of the thesis can be skipped by statisticians, however …


In this study, nanoalumina (Al2O3) and nanosilica (SiO2) particles are evaluated as tougheners for a high glass-transition temperature (Tg) epoxy system in correlation with liquid composite molding (LCM) processability. The aim of this paper is to directly compare the effectiveness of nanoalumina and nanosilica of the same nominal particle size as epoxy tougheners on the same neat resin system. The epoxy resin system used in this study was Dow D.E.R. 330 amine cured epoxy with a Tg of 150℃. Both particle types are observed to be Tg neutral and increase fracture toughness of the base epoxy system. Between the two particle types, nanoalumina is found to be more effective than nanosilica in terms of achievable fracture toughness at a given particle loading. As resin viscosity increases with particle addition, the addition of fewer particles with the use of nanoalumina is also beneficial to LCM processing where a lower viscosity is preferable.


Neighbor discovery is a fundamental task in wireless ad hoc networks. For a cognitive radio network (CRN), it becomes a challenging problem because nodes may reside in different channels. A necessary condition for nodes to discover each other is that they have a rendezvous. Most of the existing neighbor discovery schemes and rendezvous-guaranteed schemes that can be used for neighbor discovery have some undesired requirements, such as demanding role pre-assignment, a common control channel, or a synchronous environment. In this paper, without such undesired requirements, we propose a staggered channel hopping scheme (SCH) which utilizes the Chinese reminder theorem to enable a node to quickly discover its neighbors. Simulations results verify the superiority of the SCH protocol.


Recent theoretical development in closed-economy macroeconomics are extended to open economies to investigate the dynamics of the current account of the balance of payments and the effects of fiscal policies.


Extracts of ovine fetal parathyroid glands contained a substance in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) which could not be neutralized by antiserum against PTH in a cytochemical bioassay. This substance reacted similarly to human parathyroid hormone-related protein, the humoral hypercalcaemic factor associated with malignancy in man. The ovine fetal PTHrP may be responsible for maintaining the fetus hypercalcaemic relative to the mother.


The relationships of nurses' emotion regulation directed at different targets at work and worker well-being were investigated in the current study. I looked at surface acting and deep acting (i.e., suppressing felt emotions and faking unfelt emotions, or actually attempting to feel the emotions that are shown). Specifically, I analyzed the data to see if surface acting and deep acting is more or less harmful for nurses depending on the interaction target. To do this, I looked at responses to a survey that indicated the degree to which nurses engaged in surface acting and deep acting with various targets as well as their reported levels of burnout, their physical symptoms, as well as turnover intentions. Overall, I found that nurses were significantly more likely to use both regulation strategies with external targets (i.e., those who are external to the workplace) than with internal organizational targets. Burnout was significantly related to both regulation strategies. Deep acting showed select differences between targets. Physical symptoms were significantly related to both regulation strategies. Surface acting with external targets had a significantly stronger relationship with physical symptoms, as did deep acting with different targets. Turnover intentions were significantly related to surface acting. Surface acting with external targets had a significantly weaker relationship with turnover intentions than surface acting with internal targets. Deep acting with fellow nurses had significantly stronger relationships with turnover intentions than the other targets. Significant unique predictors were identified with supplemental analyses. EMOTION REGULATION 3 Emotion regulation and worker well-being: Does who you act with matter? Emotional labor is the management of emotions as part of the work role (Grandey, Diefendorff, & Rupp, 2013). Organizations are thought to have specific emotional display rules (Hochschild, 1983; Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987) that specify which emotions are appropriate for expression on the job. Sometimes, employees may be able to conform to these emotional display rules by showing what they naturally feel, but at other times, they may need to actively regulate their emotions (Grandey, 2000). Employees can regulate their emotions by either attempting to change what they are feeling so that it matches display expectations, which is labeled deep acting, or suppressing what they feel and showing an emotion that is not felt, which is labeled surface acting (Hochschild, 1983). These two emotion regulation strategies have been linked to a variety of outcomes, with surface acting being negatively related to worker well-being and deep acting being positively associated with performance outcomes (Hülsheger & Schewe, 2011). Additionally, some recent research has shown that deep acting is linked to well-being outcomes (Gabriel, Daniels, Diefendorff, & Greguras, 2015). Hochschild (1983) defined "emotional labor" as interactions with the public, suggesting that emotion regulation occurring during interactions with other employees was a different phenomenon labeled "emotion work." Importantly, she made the implicit argument that "emotional labor" was inherently more harmful for worker well-being than was "emotion work." As such, the focus on emotional labor has led to the relative neglect of research on the regulation of emotions with individuals internal to the organization. Much of the research to date on Hochschild's externally focused conceptualization of emotional labor has focused on the interactions between "boundary-spanning" workers and the individuals external to the EMOTION REGULATION 4 organization with whom they work, including customers, consumers, clients, and patients (Hülsheger & Shewe, 2011). This neglect is surprising given the acknowledgment in the literature (Grandey, Kern, & Frone, 2007) that other employees are often a source of stress and negative emotional experiences. It stands to reason that (a) emotional labor with internal targets may commonly occur, (b) it may have implications for the strength of worker and organizational outcomes compared to external targets and, (c) regulation toward internal targets may explain variance in outcomes above and beyond the regulation of emotions performed with individuals who are external to the organization. Although a couple recent investigations have begun to examine these topics by examining surface acting (Diefendorff & Greguras, 2009; Hu & Shi, 2015), neither of these studies considered the role of deep acting and they only considered a small number of interaction partners. With this in mind, the current investigation examines the extent to which nurses regulate their emotions via surface acting and deep acting with a variety of internal and external targets and the effects of this regulation on the nurse outcomes of burnout, physical symptoms and turnover intentions. In particular, this study analyzed data to compare the amount of surface acting and deep acting when interacting with patients, patient families, doctors, fellow nurses, and nurse aides. These targets represent different entities that are both internal and external to the organization and, for the internal targets, they span different hierarchical levels (e.g., doctors at a higher level, nurses at the same level, and nurse aides at a lower level). It was anticipated that emotion regulation would be performed at higher mean levels with external entities than internal entities and, at higher levels for higher hierarchical levels than lower hierarchical levels. Furthermore, the current study examines the relationships of target-based surface acting and deep acting with the well-being outcomes of burnout and physical symptoms and the behavior-related EMOTION REGULATION 5 outcome of turnover intentions. Although regulation may be performed at a higher mean level with external entities than internal entities, it was anticipated that regulation (specifically surface acting) with internal targets would be more strongly related to attachment-based outcomes, such as turnover intentions, than regulation with external targets, whereas it is anticipated that regulation with external targets would be more strongly related to well-being outcomes. A few other previous studies have also found evidence that employee turnover is related to surface acting (Chau, Dahling, Levy & Diefendorff, 2009; Goodwin, Groth, & Frenkel, 2011). This is to say that turnover intentions may be more strongly related to emotion regulation directed at targets that are within the organization (i.e., towards doctors, other nurses, and nurse aides) than surface acting directed at individuals who are external to the organization (i.e., patients, patient families). Emotion Regulation with Different Organizational Targets Surface acting and deep acting with customers has been examined in empirical studies spanning nearly 40 years (since Hochschild, 1979). Research in this area has revealed important insights into the impact that regulating one's emotions with these targets can have on worker well-being and performance (Hülsheger & Schewe, 2011). As previously noted, research has also begun to acknowledge the importance of regulating emotions with non-customer targets in organizational contexts. Interactions with internal targets differ from external targets in that (a) display rules may be less clearly specified for internal targets (i.e., there is no formal "service with a smile" expectation), (b) the emotion regulation episodes with internal targets take place in the context of an ongoing interpersonal relationship with the target, and (c) employees have the knowledge that they will continue to work with and interact with the internal organizational EMOTION REGULATION 6 targets in the future. As such, there is reason to expect that the amount and effect of emotion regulation may differ for non-customer targets as compared to customer targets. As previously noted, the most common forms of emotion regulation discussed in organizational research are surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting, specifically, involves suppressing felt emotions and faking unfelt emotions. Negative effects of surface acting on wellbeing include physical symptoms, especially among those who show lower ability to adapt emotionally (Shaubroeck & Jones, 2000) as well as various other psychological strains, as suggested by Hülsheger and Schewe's (2011) meta-analysis. It is clear that expressing emotions that are different from what one feels can have negative effects on worker well-being, as surface acting with customers is positively related to a variety of ill-being outcomes, including burnout, emotional exhaustion, and felt inauthenticity (Côté & Morgan, 2002; Ozcelik, 2012; Gabriel et al., 2015; Goodwin et al., 2011). A complementary form of emotional regulation is deep acting, where individuals actually attempt to feel the emotions that they are expected to show (Hochschild, 1983; Gabriel et al., 2015). Deep acting is often found to be unrelated to well-being outcomes but is positively related to performance outcomes (Wang, Wang, & Hou, 2016; Hülsheger, Lang, & Maier, 2010). The lack of a consistent relationship between deep acting and well-being outcomes may be surprising given the benefits observed for other similar strategies in experimental work on emotion regulation, as suggested by Webb and colleague's (2012) meta-analysis. This circumstance has led some authors to search for factors that might serve to increase or decrease the strength of the relationships of deep acting with outcomes, including whether deep acting is performed at high levels with high surface acting (Gabriel et al., 2015). As elaborated below, we suggest that deep acting, and regulating emotions more generally, may be more harmful for well-being when it is EMOTION REGULATION 7 done with fellow employee targets than with external targets (i.e., patients or patie


The reproductive value hypothesis predicts that if residual reproductive value declines as a female ages, then young females should allocate less of available energy to current fecundity and more to future reproduction; whereas, older females should allocate more of available energy to current fecundity and less to future reproduction (i.e. survival). We test the prediction that older female Gambusia affinis exhibit higher levels of allocation to reproduction (i.e. fecundity) and consequently experience greater decline in escape performance (survival cost) during pregnancy compared to young females. Old females had relatively larger clutch wet masses and clutch wet mass increased more during pregnancy compared to young females. Correspondingly, old females exhibit a significant decline in escape velocity over the course of pregnancy; whereas young females show no change in escape velocity throughout pregnancy. Old females have higher escape velocities early in pregnancy and their performance only declines to about the level of performance of young females by the end of pregnancy. Thus, although old females exhibit a greater decline in performance they are better able to ameliorate the cost of decreased performance.


Opioids are effective analgesics but are addictive and negatively impact multiple physiologic functions. Opioid abuse has reached epidemic levels and led to an exponential increase in deaths and societal costs, with a disproportionate impact on women. A majority of studies have focused on the depressant effect of opioids on breathing frequency. However, there are data suggesting that opioids cause multiple life‐threatening physiologic effects, but there is a paucity of data assessing the multiple deleterious effects simultaneously in freely behaving mammals. Here we tested the dose‐dependent effects of systemic fentanyl (a major cause of the current opioid crisis) in adult female goats. Systemic fentanyl acutely and dose‐dependently depressed breathing frequency through prolongation of expiratory time while increasing tidal volume similar to effects of fentanyl in humans (J Clin Monit Comput 18: 2004; Eur J. Anest 20: 2003; Br J. Anest 96: 2006). Fentanyl also increased the difference between alveolar and arterial PO2 (A‐a oxygen gradient,) and at high doses increased tonic activity of intercostal and abdominal muscles (consistent with "wooden chest") while also prolonging post‐inspiratory muscle activation and in rare instances caused obstructive apnea. Beyond these acute (<15 min) effects were prolonged increases in body temperature, metabolic rate, and arterial blood pressure and decreases in heart rate. Furthermore, high dose opioids had long‐lasting effects, including induction of acute withdrawal symptoms, and led to decreased fecal output for >24 h. We conclude that a triad of deleterious effects on cardiorespiratory responses (respiratory frequency depression, A‐a oxygen gradient, and sustained contraction of respiratory muscles) conceivably contribute to hypoxemia induced opioids fatalities. Furthermore, opioids have profound, deleterious effects (withdrawal and constipation) beyond cardiorespiratory control.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the accuracy of clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).METHODS:A retrospective comparison of clinical TNM Stage(c-TNM)and postoperative surgical-pathologic TNM stage(p-TNM)was parformed in 886 patients with NSCLC.RESULTS:The comparison of c-TNM and p-TNM staging of 886 patients with NSCLC revealed an overall concurrence rate of 65.1%.In the entire series,the extent of disease was clinically underestimated in 20.9% and overestimated in 14.0% of the patients.When clinical staging of T subsets was compared singly,the overall concurrence rate was 78.6%,the over estimate rate was 6.0% and the underestimate rate was 15.5%;when clinical staging of N subsets was compared singly,the overall concurrence rate was 68.1%,the overstimate rate was 15.8% and the underestimate rate was 15.8% and the underestimate rate was 16.1%.CONCLUSION:The present preoperative clinical TNM staging of NSCLC remains a crude evaluation.Further efforts to improve its accuracy are needed.


This paper firstly analyzes the smart campus, gives the six-dimensional assessment model of the smart campus, and understands that college smart sports are a new type of manifestation of smart sports in colleges and universities. Secondly, it constructs the intelligent sports education platform model of colleges and universities based on cluster analysis and utilizes the K-means algorithm to calculate the metrics and analyze the data by clustering. Finally, taking the college students majoring in physical education at University B as the research object, the students' sports interest cluster analysis was conducted based on the cluster analysis of the student's application of the smart sports education platform. The results show that the horizontal coordinate K=3 tends to level off, which is the recommended optimal K value, and the clustering can be completed by using the K-Means clustering method, and the average standardized scores of each clustered variable of athletic students' sports interests are the highest, and all of them are positive, which are 0.6, 1.2, 1, 0.8, and 0.85, respectively.


In this paper, we describe a novel scheme for iterative demapping, also known as turbo demodulation, of zero-padded (ZP) OFDM. Our scheme includes an MMSE equalizer which accepts a priori information delivered by an outer channel decoder. By enabling the equalizer to process independent reliability information about the encoded bits, the equalization stage can be included in the iterative decoding process, yielding superior performance when compared to iterative demapping. We derive an MMSE equalizer that accepts a priori information stemming from the outer decoder for several mappings and incorporate an additional rate-one inner code which removes the error floor, which is otherwise present in iterative demapping.


Typical 6-12 kW switched-mode rectifier (SMR) converters operate at switching frequencies of about 40 kHz, employ FET switches, and utilize pulse width modulation (PWM) power control techniques. These operating conditions create a harsh PWM switching environment which makes the switching to conduction loss ratio approximately 3 to 1, and complicates the task of EMI suppression. A zero-voltage switching (ZVS) SMR high power circuit that improves overall converter efficiency by significantly reducing switching losses while moderately increasing conduction losses is presented. A feature of the proposed converter is that ZVS fixed frequency operation is possible, even with the primary of the transformer disconnected. The modes of circuit operation are presented and analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed converter is demonstrated with experimental results on a 7 kW prototype unit.<<ETX>>


A method of improving the output impedance and isolation characteristics of the balun filter is presented in the paper. By introducing the so-called isolation network to the outputs of the balun filter, both the isolation and matching at the output ports of the balun filter, which is derived from a symmetrical four-port network, are improved to a large degree. Two isolation networks including the microstrip-line based and high-pass lumped-element based networks are proposed and implemented on the given balun filter. Compared to the standalone balun filter, the measured output isolation and return loss improvements of the balun filter with the isolation networks are more than 25 dB and 18 dB, respectively, at the center frequency of the output S-parameters. Furthermore, the proposed high-pass lumped-element based network is considerably miniaturized compared to the first microstrip-line based network. Only one-tenth of the length of the corresponding microstrip line is required in the proposed network.


We revisit a phenomenon in order to reconfigure its applicability to present day. Now more than ever we revisit the phenomenon of rhetoric to re-examine its value in the nexus between media and politics. We aim to situate the role of rhetoric when media is politicized and politics becomes mediatized. Rhetoric in its quintessential notion centers on persuasion (Burke, 1969; Simons, 1989). It aims to modify beliefs, values, or attitudes. Rhetoric manifests in individual and organizational practices (Simons, 1976, 1989). This very same disposition applies to the media because the media constructs reality and shapes the public mind (see for example Hall, 1996; O'Shaughnessy, 1999). To shed light on our understanding of rhetoric we ask Herbert W. Simons, Emeritus Professor of Communication at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, about the logic of rhetoric in times when the likes of President-elect Donald J. Trump occupy the headlines. His scholarship has been widely cited in the disciplines of rhetoric and political persuasion, and social movements.


The family medical enterprises are all extensively surviving and developing in the developed country or the developing nation. Family medical enterprises (FMEs) play an important role in the economy all over the world. Researches On FMEs development are regarded as main subjects in many counties. But how to make Family Medical Enterprises and government, society, customers i.e. are all the winners, is also a difficult problem. This article analyze all the external and internal factors influencing FMEs' development. Then put forward the double win system of Chinese family medical enterprises in order to give some advice.


The concept of symbiosis is a powerful one expressing a significant emotional experience for many individuals. However, the concept needs to be differentiated from infant-stage symbiosis, Margaret Mahler's second stage of normal development. The latter idea, according to Pine (2004), was of "central" importance to Mahler. Although Pine acknowledges the influence of research findings and some critical challenges to this idea, he maintains nonetheless that it "remains quite valuable" and reports what he suggests are manifestations of symbiotic experiences in the infant-mother relationship. His recognition of infant observational data has led him to feature the idea of "moments" of merger between mother and infant. Empirical data, however, challenge both the idea of a more broadly defined stage of infantile symbiosis and the more narrowly conceived "moments." A different understanding of development in the presence of early-stage symbiosis is provided.


Power generation is key to economic prosperity and strength of a nation. Nations need clean, sustainable, and efficientelectric power generation system. The natural sources of energy available to man are: the sun, fossil fuels, flowing water and wind. Making the decision on which of the aforementioned sources to utilize requires careful considerations such as: Availability, Extraction costs and feasibility, Conversion costs, Efficiency, Sustainability, and Economic implications.The most desirable source would be one that is non- pollutant, available in abundance, renewable, and can be harnessed at an acceptable cost in both large-scale and small-scale systems. Of all these natural energy sources, Wind seems to be the most promising as it satisfy these requirements. Wind energy is one of the most available and exploitable forms of renewable energy. Wind results due to the rotation of the earth, and the heating and cooling of the earth surface by the Sun. Wind power has been used for centuries in sailing ships, for pumping water, grinding grain, etc. The worldwide interest in developing wind power plants is due to the rapidly increasing demand for electrical energy and the consequent depletion of fossil fuels, namely, oil and coal, whose reserves are limited.The essence of this project is to design an interface unit that would ensure a steady output voltage irrespective of the variable input voltage resulting from variation in wind speed.


ABSTRACT Lucretius's poem De rerum natura articulates a philosophy meant to help its adherents avoid anxiety and inner turmoil. Although Shakespeare was acquainted with and influenced by Lucretius, scholarship has neglected this influence upon Hamlet, a play whose title character is most famous for inner turmoil and melancholy. This essay argues that that the play has a Lucretian aspect, such that classical materialism is reflected in its tapestry of metaphysical anxieties. Besides Christian concerns about the afterlife, Prince Hamlet's suffering may also, therefore, be understood in the context of a Lucretian ethics and science. Lucretius propounded a materialist view of the soul, and viewed death as the separation of the atoms of body and soul from each other. Thus, this essay points out certain scenes in the play which suggest or investigate atomic decomposition. In particular, the Gravedigger scene represents Lucretian-materialist attitudes toward death.


Social Marketing and Social Responsibility. A theoretical confrontation
Abstract
Social marketing and social responsibility are terms that are currently relevant and related to addressing a critical and complex social reality. In the contemporary academic and scientific world they are often considered as similar concepts despite the conceptual and structural difference between them. This academic article deals with a systematic review of scientific literature where 124 articles from different disciplines were consulted in diverse databases; 57 of them were considered relevant from their inclusion in indexed or arbitrated journals, besides reflecting relevant and concise information generated in the last 5 years. However, articles out of the 5-year range were also considered to evaluate and analyze the evaluation of concepts on social marketing. The analysis of these sources allowed an approximation to the theoretical evolution of this aspect to conclude that although social marketing and social responsibility are related concepts they should not be confused. Especially, because the first is considered a tactic that takes place in a certain period of time, it focuses on a target audience to influence a desired behavior or idea, while the second is considered a strategy assumed by a company in all its aspects aimed at stakeholders in a longer term.
Key words: Social marketing, social responsibility, theory, stakeholders, target audience.


The European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) is an important species in Europe both economically and ecologically. The past few years, the demand for large live C. crangon shrimp (> 70 mm) has increased, with higher sales value than its cooked counterpart. Unfortunately, fishermen cannot meet this demand and due to the rising demand and decreasing availability from the wild, this species might be a suitable candidate for aquaculture. Despite its high commercial value, little attention has been paid to improve the rearing techniques for this species. This PhD research aimed to close the life cycle of the brown shrimp by studying each life stage of this species. We were able to design a complete rearing protocol from egg to juveniles which can now be used as guideline for commercial aquaculture of the brown shrimp. Furthermore, we were able to investigate the possibility of RNA interference as vaccination tool. This technology can be used to protect cultured brown shrimp against pathogens that can be dangerous for commercial aquaculture. Furthermore, the virome of both wild and cultured C. crangon was explored and 16 new viruses were found. In the future, closing the life cycle of brown shrimp will make it possible to select individuals with valuable characteristics important for commercial breeding.


Hydrogen production from aqueous phase reforming (APR) of organic acids in aqueous phase and from residue of a biomass decomposition process over 3 wt% Pt/ZrO2 has been studied in the absence and presence of barium ions. The results have been compared with Pt/TiO2, Pt/C and Ni/C catalysts. Having identified barium hydroxide as a promising reagent in combination with Pt/ZrO2 catalyst for the hydrogen production out of organic acids, the method for the lactic acid conversion was extended. Lactic acid (LA) was analysed as a major compound in an aqueous solution after a biomass digestion process with Ba(OH)2.
Gaseous and aqueous products after APR reaction of LA mixture with barium hydroxide were identified by different analytical techniques. Gaseous products consisted mainly of permanent gases such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. The results showed that mixture of LA in combination with both barium hydroxide and Pt/ZrO2 catalyst had the highest hydrogen production rate and the highest selectivity to hydrogen, whereas low gaseous product amount were observed from mixture of LA and only barium hydroxide or Pt/ZrO2 catalyst. Methane and higher amount of carbon dioxide were detected in gas phase products particular in the presence of Pt/ZrO2 catalyst in the mixture.
Aqueous products consisted mainly of pyruvic acid, acetic acid and salts, such as acetate and propionate. The complete conversion of LA after APR was reached in mixture of LA and Ba(OH)2∙8H2O over Pt/ZrO2 catalyst. Mixture of LA and Ba(OH)2∙8H2O or Pt/ZrO2 catalyst gave lower conversion of LA.
Amount of gaseous products, selectivity to hydrogen and LA conversion were affected by higher reactant mixture concentration. In comparison to low concentrated mixtures, high concentrated mixtures contained larger amounts of barium but the same amount of Pt/ZrO2 catalyst. BET analyses showed much smaller pore volume of spent Pt/ZrO2 catalyst, which was used in APR reaction of high concentrated (1.5 mol/L) mixture. Therefore, lower gas product amounts, lower selectivity to hydrogen and only 63 % conversion of LA were effects of deactivated Pt/ZrO2 catalyst.
The results showed that hydrogen generation from APR of LA and conversion of LA in aqueous phase are hardly influenced by the Pt/ZrO2 catalyst presence, which in combination with barium ions, promotes the catalytic APR reaction.


Synta Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline have announced that they are suspending a phase 3 trial of elesclomol in chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma because of safety concerns.


Computer tutorial review lessons for a one-quarter lecture course in introductory college physics have been developed and used by approxi-mately 500 students, on a voluntary basis, over a period of several years. The" investigation shows that the exam grades of students who used the computer materials is significantly higher (.01 level) than the class as a whole, if results from sections are pooled. Evidence is presented to show that this is not primarily due to a.factor of selection because of the voluntary basis-for participation. EFFECT OF COMPUTER TUTORIAL REVIEW LESSONS ON EXAM PERFORMANCE IN INTRODUCTORY COLLEGE PHYSICS Ora M. Kromhout Florida State University Exploration of the use of computers in instruction has been one aspect of the current interest in extending the technology of education. Perhaps because'of the glamour of the computer, it has been-a favorite object of enthusiastic support and equally fervent opposition (Hammond, 1972). The initial discussions of the sixties were hampered by a shortage of experience, with the result that the computer tended to be judged wholly "good" or "bad" for instruction depending on the individual's perception of it. Hopefully as the amount of experience grows and is reported, the computer may be viewed objectively as one more medium for instruction, which may be,a good choice for .some uses, a poor one for others, depending on the situation: Such a judgment should' be based not solely on speculation, but on measured results with a significant number of actual subjects. It is the 'purpose of this paper to report. and evaluate the results of one such investigation. Because of its reliance on computation, physics was an area of particular appeal for early investigation ofthe instructional use of computers. Also, physics faculties had relatively easy access to computers, and were accustomed to using them in research. 'By 1968, a large number of projects existed throughout the nation, using the computer in varied and imaginative ways to teach physics. Computers were used in conversational as well as computational programs, as simulators, and assgenerators ..)f motion pictures (Schwarz, Kromhout, & Edwards, 1969).


In this work we present an iterative multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) sphere decoding algorithm based on a proposed Constrained Metric-first search. The search strategy minimizes the number of required iterations as well as the variation in the number of iterations while overcoming the conventional metric-first memory requirements. Further complexity reduction is achieved through the use of a simplified distance norm and sorted QR-decomposition. The proposed algorithm is shown to be better suited for early termination schemes employed to guarantee high throughput as compared to traditional sequential sphere decoding. The decoder is synthesized to a standard TSMC 65nm CMOS process and shown to guarantee 750 Mbps throughput for a 4×4 16-QAM setup with close-to ML (Maximum Likelihood) performance and lower complexity than published decoders.


Overview – Cassava is one of the key food security crops cultivated by Africa's small-holder farmers since it can withstand harsh conditions. It is the 2 nd largest carbohydrates provider in Africa. At least 80% of small-holder farmers residing in Sub-Saharan Africa cultivate cassava but they all suffered due to viral diseases affecting cassava plants which result in poor yielding. In this project, we are going classify the plants affected by various diseases such as Cassava Bacterial Blight virus (CBB), Cassava Mosaic viral Disease (CMD), Cassava Brown Streak viral Disease (CBSD), Cassava Green Mottle Virus (CGM) along with the healthy ones based on the images. For this purpose, we used a deep learning technique known as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which was implemented with the help of TensorFlow's inception model. More than 8000 images were used for training and testing purpose. We stored and retrieved images with the help of NoSQL database implemented through CouchDB. By implementing this project in cassava cultivation will definitely reduce the poor yielding and loss of farmers.


The search for the ideal orthodontic bonding material persists, one that provides physical, chemical, mechanical and biological characteristics to more effectively meet the clinical needs of orthodontists. One of the main challenges lies in achieving a sufficient bond strength that supports both masticatory and orthodontic mechanical loads without being too strong to jeopardize the integrity of the enamel upon removal of the accessories. Furthermore, the ideal bonding system should provide adequate working time for the orthodontist to position the accessories correctly, and it should be biocompatible


As educators, we aim for students to seek, identify, and utilize a range of feedback to gain an understanding of their present performance in relation to learning goals, and ultimately to identify and use tools to close the gap between present and desired performance. We strive for all students to be their "own first assessors"—intelligent deciders—and develop the independence to self-assess the quality of their own work when they leave higher education institutions and enter the workforce. For students with a print disability such as vision impairment or blindness, traditional forms of feedback may not be successful in providing the information they need to close the gap. The most important issue for these students is access to feedback and agency in the feedback conversation. It is incumbent on higher education educators to find ways to provide equity of access to the provision and reception of feedback for all students. As such, this chapter explores ways for providing feedback to students with a vision impairment to ensure they are able to contextualize and utilize the feedback to improve learning outcomes. This is achieved by aligning the use of mobile technologies and audio feedback with the key principles of connectivism—autonomy, connectedness, diversity, and openness—to provide educators with recommendations.


The drying consists in decreasing the activity of the water of the dry products until a value assuring their conservation. The process must respect some criterias of quality bound to the product while guaranteeing, for the chain of production, a cadence and a reasonable cost. Several methods exist for the dehydration of the agricultural products. However the drying by convection, named also by practice, stay the most widespread technique and the more used. The conditions of the convective drying that grant the most elevated output rate in extracts aqueous of the leaves of Pistacia atlantica are the temperature 40°C and the debit of air 2.5 m3/s, while preserving meaningful manner the color of the leaves of Pistaciaatlantica, the aerothermicconditions must be maintained respectively to them (T°=40°C for D=1 m3/s) and (T°=50°C for D=1 m3/s). An increase of the content in free sugars is noted after convectivedrying of Pistacia atlanticaleaves, as well as the leaves dried to 50°C / 1.5 m3/s records the best concentration in total sugars (129.29 mg/l) in relation to the leaves dried to other conditions.


The Avalon Terrane in Maritime Canada extends from Cape Breton Island through northern Nova Scotia (Antigonish and Cobequid highlands) to southern New Brunswick. The terrane contains abundant late Proterozoic volcanic rocks (∼570–680 m.y. old). The geochemistry of the volcanic rocks of southern Cape Breton Island and southern New Brunswick indicates that they were erupted in a volcanic arc environment. In both regions the mafic rocks display a remarkably similar compositional zonation which resembles the across-arc variations observed in modern volcanic arcs. The progressive compositional changes that include a transition from island arc tholeiites along the southeastern coasts to calc-alkaline rocks inland to the northwest are probably due to a northwest dipping subduction zone with a trench located to the southeast. In the Antigonish and Cobequid highlands, continental tholeiites and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are interbedded and overlain by turbidites that have probably been deposited in a back arc or intra-arc environment. The superimposed positive gravity and magnetic anomalies that may be traced discontinuously from the Grand Banks through Nova Scotia (Collector Anomaly) and along the northern side of the Gulf of Maine to near Boston, probably represent late Proterozoic ophiolitic remnants preserved by incomplete suturing along a late Proterozoic plate boundary. Northeast trending segments are inferred to mark subduction zones, and the E-W portions could correspond to transform faults. Thus the present geographical distribution of the Late Proterozoic volcanic rocks is explained by a tectonic model involving a single subduction zone offset by two late Proterozoic transform faults located approximately along the Minas Fault and the Scatarie Ridge.


Objective: This study was designed to provide an update on the pathophysiological concepts and patient management in a common complication of thyroid surgery, unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (URLNP). Method: Recent publications in physiology and head and neck surgery were reviewed. Results: Even for experienced surgeons, URLNP may occur after thyroid surgery, especially for thyroid cancer and in case of reoperation. URLNP is frequently well tolerated but may be life threatening by inducing aspiration pneumonia. Permanent URLNP may decrease quality of life by decreasing voice quality and increasing vocal effort. Spontaneous recovery of vocal function, with or without full recovery of vocal fold motion, may occur due to spontaneous axonal regrowth or other neurological phenomena. In the last decade, several surgical techniques have been developed to treat aspiration and poor voice quality due to URLNP by medialization of the paralyzed vocal fold. These techniques are simple, have a low compli...


Viomycin(1,2) is one of the important antituberculous drugs. It was reported that viomycin resistance in mycobacteria occurs after multiple transfers in media containing increasing concentrations of this drug(3 4,5). The data obtained from these reports suggest that viomycin resistance in mycobacteria might have multi-step pattern like that of penicillin resistance in other bacteria(6). However, there are no reports on the systematic study made on viomycin resistance and genetic control of viomycin resistance in microorganisms. It is the purpose of this paper to report on the viomycin resistance by using M. tuberculosis as the test organism.


Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by gram negative bacteria B. pseudomallei. The disease is largely under diagnosed globally. Sporadic cases have been reported from India, distributed mostly in the coastal areas. Authors present a series of seven culture proven cases of Melioidosis treated at a tertiary care Hospital in the coastal city of Mangalore in South India.


There is increasing evidence to indicate that oxidative stress has a role in the process of tissue damage and perpetuation of inflammation in rheumatoid synovium.' In accordance with the enhanced oxidation, patients show abnormalities in synovial fluid consistent with oxidative injury, such as end products of lipid peroxidation. Antibodies against oxidised low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) occur in human serum samples, raised levels have been reported to be predictive of myocardial infarction2 and of the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.3 It has long been known that the life span of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shortened, and it is now well established that deaths due to cardiovascular causes are an important determinant in the increased mortality associated with this disease.4 In view of the oxidative damage of low density lipoprotein taking place in the rheumatoid synovium5 we set out to study the occurrence of antibodies against Ox-LDL in serial specimens from patients with recent onset RA. As we have seen cross reactivity between Ox-LDL antibodies and cardiolipin antibodies previously in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)6 7 the serum samples were also tested for cardiolipin antibodies. Seventy eight consecutive patients (63 women, 15 men) with early RA (mean age 43-5 years, range 19-65; mean duration of disease 7-6 months, range 2-12) were included in the study. None of the patients had received any disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment before entry into the study. Clinical and laboratory assessment of disease activity was carried out every three months during the first year and every four months during the second and third years of the follow up. Radiographs of hands, wrists, and feet were taken at entry to the study and thereafter annually during the follow up. The


In this paper we consider the dynamic inventory problem in which the demand distribution possesses a density belonging to either the exponential or range family of densities and having an unknown parameter. An a priori density is chosen for the unknown parameter. Using a Bayesian estimation scheme, inequalities are obtained for the optimal purchase policies as the amount of demand information varies. In addition, asymptotic expansions for the optimal policies are found as the number of observations of the demand becomes large. This paper extends the results of Scarf, [8].


Breastfeeding is crucial for the survival of the newborn in developing countries where infectious diseases and malnutrition are still important causes of morbidity and mortality. Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) uses a very simple and effective guideline in assessing breastfeeding as indicated in Table 1. A simple survey was conducted by medical students who were trained in the above method of assessment and supervised by a trained clinical facilitator in the neonatal unit. This neonatal unit admits infants from within the hospital and those from outside. It has a 70-bed capacity although at any one time there are about 100 babies. Seventy-two mothers with their infants who were otherwise well were assessed. (excerpt)


Ulysses encountered two separate sequences of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in 1992–3 and 1996–7 when the spacecraft was in the southern and northern solar hemispheres, respectively. We have examined magnetometer data from one event observed in each hemisphere. Using two separate analytical methods we provide evidence for the magnetic field vectors within these CIRs being strongly confined to a series of near‐parallel planes. The distribution of the field within the interaction region is characteristic of that observed in planar magnetic structures. This planar order is evident over both small (3‐hour) and large (whole event) scales. The CIRs display opposed north‐south tilts that are consistent with previous authors' analysis of solar wind plasma data. These results are in direct agreement with the tilted dipole model of three‐dimensional corotating stream interactions.


In software industry, there is progressive increase in reusability of software components. To increase productivity and to reduce time-to-market organizations are adapting for-reuse and with-reuse approach. In order to make reusable component available in future projects there must be a system to store software components so that they can be efficiently retrieved as per user requirements. So this work is toward, construction of component repository with efficient retrieval of software component that best fits user's requirements, while retrieving software component. Besides, it enhances reusability; reduces efforts of software development from scratch and increases productivity.


We report two cases of Stanford type B aortic dissection with occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Case 1) A 69-year-old woman complained of back pain and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) showed Stanford type B aortic dissection and conservative therapy was started. During the course of her treatment, pain in both lower extremities appeared at rest and CT showed occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Right axillo-bifemoral bypass was performed and her postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2) An 82-year-old man complained of sudden back pain, lumbago and paralysis of both lower extremities and was transported to our hospital by ambulance. CT showed Stanford type B aortic dissection and occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Emergency right axillo- bifemoral bypass was performed, but he died 3 days after the operation because of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS). Axillo-bifemoral bypass is a useful therapy for occlusion of the abdominal aorta, but special attention is needed for the acute onset of MNMS after the operation. (Jpn. J. Vasc. Surg., 15: 559-563, 2006)


Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a variety of causes, and no useful approach to predict left ventricular (LV) remodelling and long‐term outcome has yet been established. Myocardial tenascin‐C (TNC) is known to appear under pathological conditions, possibly to regulate cardiac remodelling. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of myocardial TNC expression in LV remodelling and the long‐term outcome in DCM.


CURRO, T. G., LANGENBURG, J. & PAUL-MURPHY, J. (1992) A review of lameness in long-legged birds. Proceedings of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. New Orleans, USA, September 1 to 5, 1992. pp 265-270 DEL HOYO, J., ELLIOTT, A. & SARGATAL, J. (1996) Handbook of Birds of the World. Vol 3. Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Lynx Edicions. pp 240-275 DORRESTEIN, G. M. (1997) The gastrointestinal tract. In Avian Medicine and Surgery. Eds R. B. Altman, S. L. Clubb, G. M. Dorrestein, K. Quesenberry. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders. pp 446-447 FLACH, E. J. ( 1995) Seasonal changes in haematological parameters in the great bustard (Otis tarda). Verhandlungsbericht ber Erkrankungen der Zootiere 37, 351 -356 IUCN (2002) 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Cambridge, IUCN. www.redlist.org. Accessed September 19, 2003 JACQUET, J. (1997) Reproduction in houbara bustards kept under natural conditions at the Sweihan Research Center. Internal Research Report No. 53. Abu Dhabi, Avian Research Center LUMEIJ, J. T. (1994) Hepatology. In Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Eds B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison, L. R. Harrison. Lake Worth, Wingers Publishing. pp 522-537 LUMEIJ, J. T. & RITCHIE, B. W. (1994) Cardiology. In Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. Eds B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison, L. R. Harrison. Lake Worth, Wingers Publishing. pp 695-722 METE, A., DORRESTEIN, G. M., MARX, J. J. M., LEMMENS, A. G. & BEYNEN, A. C. (2001) A comparative study of iron retention in mynahs, doves and rats. Avian Pathology 30,479-486 MILLER, G. F., BARNARD, D. E., WOODWARD, R. A., FLYNN, B. M. & BULTE, J. W. M. (1997) Hepatic hemosiderosis in common marmosets, Callithrixjacchus: effect of diet on incidence and severity. LaboratoryAnimal Science 47, 138-142 OLSEN, G. H., CARPENTER, J. W. & LANGENBERG, J. A. (1996) Medicine and surgery. In Cranes: Their Biology, Husbandry and Conservation. Eds D. H. Ellis, G. F. Gee, C. M. Mirande. Blain, Washington, Hancock House Publishing. pp 137-175 OSBORNE, P. E. & MARTIN, A. (2001) Reintroduction of the Great bustard to Britain: a discussion paper. Consultancy Report to the Great Bustard Group. University of Stirling, Department of Environmental Science RANDALL, C. J. & REECE, R. L. (1996) Avian histopathology. London, MosbyWolfe. pp 62-64 SAINT JALME, M. &VAN HEEZIK, Y. (1996) Propagation of the houbara bustard. London, Kegan Paul International. pp 70-97 SEIDAL, K. B. (1995) Keeping bustards zoo veterinary review. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the European Association of Avian Veterinarians. Jerusalem, Israel, March 26 to 31, 1995. pp 132-141 STEWART, J. S. (1989) Husbandry, medical and surgical management of ratites: Part II. Proceedings of the American Association ofZoo Veterinarians Annual Meeting. Greensboro, USA, October 14 to 19, 1989. pp 119-125


Disorder effects in doped trans -polyacetylene are studied, using an extended Takayama-Lin-Liu-Maki (TLM) model. Bond- and site-type impurity models are analyzed when the doping is compensated. Electronic states are calculated by the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) and also by the coherent potential approximation (CPA). Results do not depend on the type of the impurity. We find that peaks in the electronic density of states become steeper and the energy gap is wider in the CPA than in the SCBA, while change in the order parameter is small. Two critical concentrations, where the gap and the order parameter vanish, come close each other. A phase diagram is given for the electronic structures in the CPA. For the site-type impurities, two impurity bands are found in association with the two signs of impurities. For the bond-type impurities, the total energy recovers the symmetry property for the order parameter.


Clustering clients with similar objectives together and learning a model per cluster 1 is an intuitive and interpretable approach to personalization in federated learning 2 (PFL). However, doing so with provable and optimal guarantees has remained an 3 open challenge. In this work, we formalize personalized federated learning as a 4 stochastic optimization problem where the stochastic gradients on a client may 5 correspond to one of K distributions. In such a setting, we show that using i) 6 a simple thresholding based clustering algorithm, and ii) local client momentum 7 obtains optimal convergence guarantees. In fact, our rates asymptotically match 8 those obtained if we knew the true underlying clustering of the clients. Further, 9 we extend our algorithm to the decentralized setting where each node performs 10 clustering using itself as the center. 11


The chapter that follows is a case study regarding the impact of the Chevron v. the Republic Ecuador case in Ecuador's investment and international arbitration policy. The case involves numerous layers of parallel legal proceedings in various jurisdictions on a national and international level. However, it is the authors' objective to discuss only certain aspects of the case which are relevant to the impact of the Chevron v. the Republic of Ecuador case in Ecuador's investment and international arbitration policy. Therefore, the focus of the chapter will be restricted to the international investment arbitration proceedings taking place at the PCA in the Chevron v. the Republic of Ecuador case.Section 1 of this chapter, is a brief introduction to the Chevron v. the Republic of Ecuador case, which highlights the most recent legal development of the arbitration case. Section 1 also, outlines the content of this chapter. In Section 2, the authors present the case's historical and factual background. The information that the authors provide in this section will simplify the facts behind the dispute. The section starts with a description of the operation of Texaco in Ecuador together with an overview of the historic developments concerning the contractual relationship between Texaco and the Government of Ecuador with regard to the exploration and the exploitation of the Oriente region. In the same section, the parallel litigation in the US (the Aguinda Action) and Ecuador (the Lago Agrio action) is highlighted as part of the dispute. In Section 3 the authors focus on the PCA international investment arbitration proceedings. The section starts with the explanation of the US-Ecuador BIT (1993) regime and with an introduction of the initial arbitration proceedings between Chevron and the Republic of Ecuador at the PCA. In particular, attention is given to the legal arguments of both Chevron and the Republic of Ecuador in the PCA. The facts of the case as well as the claims of the parties are presented in the light of the PCA's interim decisions and partial awards. In Section 4, the authors examine the implications of the international investment arbitration proceeding of the case Chevron v. the Republic of Ecuador on the investment and international arbitration policy of Republic of Ecuador. The impact of the case is discussed on the basis of three qualitative characteristics that the policies showcase.


Depression is common in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Controlled treatment studies are few, and none have examined how treatment affects


The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations is central to predicting adaptive evolution, but observing how it changes as organisms adapt is challenging. Here we use saturated, genome-wide insertion libraries to quantify how the fitness effects of new mutations changed in two E. coli populations that adapted to a constant environment for 15,000 generations. The proportions of neutral and deleterious mutations remained constant, despite large fitness gains. In contrast, the beneficial fraction declined rapidly, approximating an exponential distribution, with strong epistasis profoundly changing the genetic identity of adaptive mutations. Despite this volatility, many important targets of selection were predictable from the ancestral distribution. This predictability occurs because genetic target size contributed to the fixation of beneficial mutations as much as or more than their effect sizes. Overall, our results demonstrate that short-term adaptation can be idiosyncratic but empirically predictable, and that long-term dynamics can be described by simple statistical principles. One-Sentence Summary Couce et al. demonstrate that short-term bacterial adaptation is predictable at the scale of individual genes, while long-term adaptation is predictable at a global scale.


This paper proposes an algorithm based on the variable step estimation of fractal dimension for spectral response curve of hyperspectral image.The algorithm carries out sampling on the spectral response curve at different sampling rates,computes the differential value between two consecutive points,and then counts the total sum of differential values about these sampling points.Finally,the fractal dimension is calculated by using the least squares method.To improve computation efficiency,the algorithm divides the hyperspectral image into several parts by using the multi-thread technology and then estimates the fractal dimension by the parallel computation of the polynuclear computer.Experimental results indicate that the algorithm is effective in that it solves the problem of computational inefficiency,low-fidelity,and weak separability in the algorithm of grid and step.


Abstract  In 1974 the author preliminarily reported two new platinum group minerals—daomanite and hongshiite. The two minerals were accepted by the Commission on New Minerals and Minerals Names of the International Mineralogical Association in 1976 and 1982 respectively. Because of the conditions at that time, the work was preliminary, for example, there were only reflectance values of four wave bands. Recently the author again made measurements of reflectances, corrected cell parameters by the four‐circle diffractometer and electron diffraction and supplemented their new occurrences and nomenclature.