The present invention provides a personal suspension assembly tracked vehicle, said assembly comprising a suspension adapted to be pivotally connected to the first arm of the vehicle frame. A first rocker arm having a first end and a second end portion. The second rocker arm is pivotally connected to the first rocker arm. A second rocker arm having a first end and a second end portion. At least one spring element is connected to a first rocker arm and the second rocker arm. At least a first wheel rotatably connected to the first end of the first rocker arm. A first end of at least one second wheel rotatably connected to the second arm. At least one first wheel and the second wheel adapted to contact the same tracked vehicle. The first and second wheels is an idler and driving wheels. The present invention also provides a suspension assembly and track individual vehicles.


The south-east Caspian region of Turkmenistan is an important staging and wintering area for the globally threatened Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus. During the period 1975-2003, surveys carried out in late autumn and mid-winter recorded Lesser White-fronted Geese at a total of 14 sites. The numbers of geese fluctuated widely from a maximum of 1 850 individuals in November 1999 to none in several years. The most important sites were the Turkmenbashi, Balkan, Mihkailovskiy and Severo-Cheleken Bays in the central part of the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan, and the delta of the Atrek River in the southern part. Changes in the distribution and numbers of geese have occurred as a result of habitat degradation or alteration and other anthropogenic pressures, especially hunting. Various measures are proposed for the protection and management of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in Turkmenistan, and it is suggested that these measures could be used in the development of an international action plan for the conservation of the species in the Caspian region as a whole. INTRODUCTION The basin of Caspian Sea is an important wintering area for the globally threatened Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus. However, the recent status and distribution of the species in the region, particularly in the south-east Caspian, have not been described in the literature. Information concerning the wintering populations of Lesser White-fronted Geese in the Caspian Sea basin has been lacking for a number of years (Morozov & Syroechkovskiy 2002). Furthermore, no attempts have been made to develop special measures for the conservation and management of the species in the Caspian region, in spite of the fact that the species is included in the national Red Data Books of the Caspian states. This paper provides a summary of recent information on the distribution and numerical abundance of the Lesser White-fronted Goose in the southeast Caspian region of Turkmenistan, and suggests a number of measures that should be taken for the protection and management of the population.


Compound of formula (IV) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ** Formula ** in which: R140 is selected from the group consisting of: H and halo; 1 0 xa and xb indicate numbers that are each selected independently of 0, 1 and 2; R150 and R160 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, -CN, -CF3, -OCF3, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -O-C2-C6-O-R53 alkyl, -OR53 , -C0-C6-S alkyl (O) 0-2-R53, -C0-C6-C alkyl (O) - R53, -C0-C6-C alkyl (O) NR50R51, -C0-C6-NR52C alkyl ( O) -R53, -C0-C6-S alkyl (O) 2NR50R51, -C0-C6-NR52S alkyl (O) 2-R53, -C0-C6-OC alkyl (O) NR50R51, -C0-C6-NR52C alkyl (O) O-R53, -C0-C6-NR52C alkyl (O) NR50R51, -C0-C6-C alkyl (O) O-R53, -C0-C6-OC-alkyl (O) -R53, -C0-alkyl C6-aryl, -C0-C6-heteroaryl alkyl, -C0-C6-alkylcycloalkyl, -C0-C6-heterocyclyl alkyl, -NH2, -NR50R51, -C1-C6-NR50R51, -O-C2-C6 alkyl- NR50R51, -NR53-C2-C6-NR50R51 and -O-heterocyclyl-R53 alkyl, wherein each alkyl and heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with one or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of F, -OH and oxo, and in which each aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected ind depending on the group consisting of halo, -CN, -C1-C4 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkoxy, -O-C2-C4 alkyl-O-C1-C4 alkyl, -CF3, -OCF3, -NO2, -C1 alkyl -C6-S (O) 0-2R53, -NH2, -NR50R51, -C1-C6-NR50R51 alkyl and -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2; R50 and R51 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6-O-alkyl C1-C6 alkyl, -C0-C6 alkyl-C3-C7 cycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl and cycloalkyl it is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -OH, amino, -CN or -C1-C4 alkyl; or R50 and R51, together with the N atom to which they are attached, optionally form a 3-10 membered heterocyclic ring, in which the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -OH, amino, -CN or C1-C4 alkyl; R52 is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6-O-C1-C6 alkyl, -C0-C6 alkyl-C3-C7 cycloalkyl, wherein each alkyl and cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -OH, amino, -CN or -C1-C4 alkyl; and R53 is independently selected from the group consisting of -C1-C6 alkyl, -C0-C4-alkyl C3-C7-alkyl, -C0-C4-alkyl-aryl, -C0-C4-heteroaryl alkyl and -C0-C4-heterocyclyl alkyl , wherein each alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -OH, amino, -CN or -C1-C4 alkyl; or a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof selected from the group consisting of: (Z) -4- (dibenzo [b, f] [1,4] thiazepin-11-yl) -N-hydroxybenzamide, N-hydroxy- 4- (10-methyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo [b, f] [1,4] oxazepin-11-yl) benzamide,


Recent research has increasingly focused on how ethnicity operates within labor markets. Due to perceptions of intragroup homogeneity and assumptions that inequality only occurs between majority whites and people of color, most research has neglected intragroup economic inequality. This study examines how skin color, immigration/nativity status, and gender influence wage differentials in Latina/o co-ethnic jobsites (where workers are the same ethnicity). Using data from the Los Angeles Study of Urban Inequality (LASUI), it is found that there are skin color, immigration/nativity status, and sex wage gaps among Latina/os working in co-ethnic jobsites. Moreover, illustrating intersectionality, immigrant women and dark-skinned immigrants suffer from wage gaps in co-ethnic jobsites. Unexpectedly, some Latinas experience a wage advantage, in comparison with Latinos, which is associated with lighter skin. The author suggests that Latinas are subjected to multiple-jeopardy situations in which they experience an intersection of inequalities in jobsites saturated by co-ethnics but that lightness of skin color functions as a form of social capital. Thus, research on the benefits or costs associated with working with co-ethnics cannot be extended to the entire ethnic group. The conclusion is that for Central Americans and Mexicans, co-ethnic jobsites are generally forms of segregated employment with limited protection from discrimination.


Mitochondria are energy source of cells. They have external and internal membranes, cristas and matrix. External membranes consist of specialized transport proteins. They have monoamine oxidase and citokrome-c reductase which both play role in KREBS cycle as catalyst and many enzymes which are necessary for phospholipid and phosphoric acid synthesis. Enzymes of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are located in the internal membranes. Also, here, there are transport systems for specific substances, such as ATP, ADP, P1, pyruvate, succinate, malate, citrate, and -ketoglutarate . Matrix; having gel-like consistency, contains a large number of enzymes.


An active antenna(AA) can have wider bandwidth and more gain with small antenna size than those of passive antennas. However, AA inherently generates thermal noise and spurious signals from an active device. Moreover, the spurious performance of AA is very important in a highly sensitive receiving system since it is located at the front end of the receiving system. In this study, we developed an AA with , having the output P1dB higher than 3 dBm and little spurious signals in real environments. To achieve such performance, we designed an AA with 3-stage amplifier using CD(common drain) FET and 2 BJTs. Its electrical performances were simulated using ADS. The measurement results for typical gain, NF, OIP3, VSWR and P1dB in the required frequency band were 9.7 dBi, 10 dB, 14 dBm, 1.7:1 and 3 dBm respectively. They are in good agreement with simulation results. The unwanted spectrum level of the proposed AA is lower than that of the antenna with CS(common source) FET configuration at a west suburban area of Seoul, which shows that the proposed AA can be applicable to a highly sensitive receiving system for detecting unknown weak signals mixed with broadcasting and civilian communication signals.


Recent years have witnessed significant advances in biobased epoxy resins to replace their petroleum-based counterparts, especially diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A type epoxy resin (DGEBA). However, for meeting a great variety of the requirements, long-standing challenges include environmentally friendly preparation of epoxy resin with few toxic byproducts and improving their properties. Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize new silicone-bridged difunctional epoxy monomers in high yield. They are derived from naturally occurring eugenol by introducing the methylsiloxane and phenylsiloxane linkers of different chain lengths into their molecular backbones. These synthesized liquid epoxy monomers have definitive molecular structure with high purity. These silicone-bridged difunctional epoxy monomers exhibit much lower viscosity (<2.5 Pa s) than commercial DGEBA epoxy (10.7 Pa s) suitable for composites and prepregs. After curing, they exhibit a dielectric permittivity as low as 2.8 and good intrins...


A method based on well-known electrochemical procedures is currently used for the extraction and identification of metal alloys. In this method, the elements are passed to the ionic state with a dc source by using two electrodes, one applied to the metal and the other to a wet paper which is in contact with the sample. After the extraction, the paper is submitted to detection procedures. Here a problem is described in which the electrodes are placed differently from those of the methods mentioned above. In this probe both electrodes are in contact with the paper. The paper of the probe could be used for the simultaneous extraction and identification of ions, requiring only a small area of the sample (e.g., 1mm/sup 2/)


Spatially variant image textures are characterized by a smooth variation of their local spatial-frequency and/or orientation components. These textures are non-homogeneous in the sense of having a nonstationary local spectrum, while remaining locally coherent. Segmentation of image regions with spatially varying texture patterns is complicated by the lack of global homogeneity. In the proposed method, local spatial-frequency components are accurately estimated using Gabor wavelets outputs along with the absolute magnitude of the convolution of the input image with the first derivatives of the underlying Gabor function. Discontinuities in estimated local spatial-frequencies are interpreted as corresponding to texture boundaries. Results are presented that confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach.


Light can be coupled out of a waveguide to a focused point by a focusing grating coupler and has possible applications in optical data storage. The grating can be fabricated with either e-beam techniques or holographic techniques. Two design methods are demonstrated that model the focusing grating coupler with holographic optical elements. Both methods take a geometrical optics approach to designing the holographic optical elements and both methods make use of commercially available ray trace programs. The first method uses complicated non-rotationally symmetric construction optics and requires either a modified ray trace program or special user defined surfaces. The second method involves a much simpler approach which did not require any changes to an existing ray trace program and requires only rotationally symmetric elements to correct the aberrations.


In this note,first of all, I state a few older problems whose solution or partial solution is long overdue and which in some cases were neglected. I also state a few more recent questions. I prove in detail a recent theorem of Selfridge and myself and of Ulam and myself. I try to give as exact references as possible but I am willing (and eager) to correct any mistakes which are pointed out to me .


Due to their ecological significance and timber value, Quercus species are especially important in Hungary. Nevertheless, the leaves of these species lack a dedicated utilization field and are considered a waste biomass.

The present study comprehensively analyses three selected oak species (Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. cerris) native to Hungary to assess their antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS, DPPH) and provide information on their polyphenol pool using state-of-the-art liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric technique. To the best of our knowledge, no such investigation has yet been conducted for the assigned species.

 According to the results, the antioxidant capacity of the three species' leaves are roughly equal. Altogether, 109 compounds have been tentatively identified and described, including phenolic acid derivatives, tannins, flavonoid glycosides, and catechins. Compared to other oak leaf samples and other types of plant tissues, the investigated samples contained a large number (24) of acylated polyphenols.

 The recent findings on the excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties of acylated polyphenols suggest that the investigated samples could also be beneficial to human health, requiring further analysis.


In order to obstruct the Metropolitan Museum of Art, I argue that at least part of what is being obstructed ought to be visible. This creates a kind of formal permeability, that allows the spectator-witness to understand that there is a tactical obstruction taking place. The notion of the completely wrapped or fully obscured building has an entirely different ideological attitude in my mind: in effect this form of obstruction takes on its own ontological type of being . In other 1 words, the opaque obstruction gives a building new façade unto itself, rather than obfuscating it from view. Therefore, I envision the façade of the Met, as being obstructed by scores of prominent steel cross-girders, echoing the stylistic tendencies of the High-Tech or Inside-Out architectural style championed by Richard Rogers. This motif would extend across the entirety of the Fifth Avenue frontage of the museum, rendering it a leviathan scored with neatly-arranged steel girders, not intended to uglify or to scaffold, but to obstruct in a neat and clear way, signaling the 'obstructed-ness' of the cultural monolith. The interior lobby, known as the Great Hall, would feature aluminum-paneled drop ceilings, scored with mounted fluorescent lights, evoking at once the precarious sterility of the neocolonial monument, and the structural features of oft taken-for-granted public spaces such as the subways, schools, and bus terminals. Text and semiotics would flood the museum patron's field of view, dis-orienting the space of the Great Hall from one that is wandered through, or marveled at, to one that is transitory, and callous with regard to its patrons. Such a space begs simultaneously: what of the Great Hall has the museum patron taken for granted, and what does 1 I.e. Christo and Jeanne-Claude. Ref: https://christojeanneclaude.net/projects/wrapped-reichstag


Background: Mild to severe pain or discomfort on injection of propofol used for the induction of anaesthesia is often observed in pediatric population.
Objectives: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone and lignocaine in reducing the pain of propofol injection in patients scheduled for pediatric surgery.
Methods: Total 135 children scheduled for elective surgery were divided into three groups: saline (group S, n=45), lignocaine 20 mg (Group L, n=45) and methylprednisolone 125 mg diluted into 2 ml of distilled water (Group MP, n=45). Drugs were administered after tourniquet application and occlusion was released after 1 min and 25% of the total dose of propofol (2 mg/kg) was administered at the rate of 0.5 ml/s. Pain on propofol injection was evaluated by four-point verbal rating scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.
Results: The overall incidence of pain was 65.9% in the saline group, 23.8% in the lignocaine group and 30.5% in the methylprednisolone group. Intensity of pain was significantly less in patients receiving methylprednisolone and lignocaine than those receiving saline (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: Pre-treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone was found to be as effective as lignocaine in reducing propofol injection-induced pain.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 59-62


Strategies on counterfeiting prevention,which depend on analysis of counterfeiting activities' status quo,are pre-warning management countermeasures that focus on maladjustment in supply chain.The node companies in supply chain should sign on trust contract,build supply chain information system of information share,rebuild operation system with unite performance management goal,put "4 in 1"logistics operation model into practice.


This paper discusses the stratigraphy of the Mayran Formation, and intends to redefine it as an alloformation. The lower part of the alloformation consists of interbedded limestone and sandstone, and the upper succession is tufa and shaly limestone. Both sequences show internal unconformities caused by interruptions during their deposition. The Mayran alloformation is undeformed and underlie the Upper Cretaceous Difunta Group in angular unconformity , whereas the upper contact is a parallel unconformity (paraconformity) with Holocene soils. The proposed Mayran Alloformation stratotype is exposed south of the Palo Alto locality, with reference sections in the Cruz Verde and El Durazno plateaus, northeast of Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila state. Based on their stratigraphy, Equus molars, and isotopic ages, these lithostratigraphic units range in age from Pliocene to Pleistocene.


A new intelligent controller for universal circuit breaker is designed based on STM32F103X, an embedded micro processor with ARM Cortex-M3 core. This intelligent controller acquires the real time electric current values of breaker's primary circuits. Multiple current protection functions including overload, short circuit and ground are accomplished bysoftware. Abuild-in RS-485 serial interface in charge ofModbus protocol can be used toimplement the remote manipulations of circuit breaker such as remote signaling, remote adjustment, remote control and remote measurement. Benefit from the rich resources and peripherals integrated in STM32F103X, the complexity of controller hardware system is reduced greatly. Such an intelligent controller with low cost, low power consumption, high performance and flexible setting is suitable for upgrading the present intelligent controller based on single chip microcomputer.


A woman of Portuguese and Danish ancestry remembers her parents and home in Villa Franca, a neighborhood in Hilo. She recalls daily life--chores, meals, games, church. She attended St. Joseph's School and reminisces about meeting Queen Liliuokalani there. A Normal School graduate, she describes the then-new Keaukaha School and her students. She describes the destruction of her oceanfront home in both the 1946 and 1960 tsunamis.


Abstract Successful spore dispersal is a crucial part of the fungi life cycle, and many species achieve this using sporocarps which extend above the forest floor. The shape of sporocarps is known to affect dispersal success, but the local abiotic factors driving their morphology is understudied. In this study we examined the plasticity of sporocarp morphology and its effects on spore dispersal in the Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus formosus). C. formosus that developed in sheltered microhabitats (n = 79), were measured to have significantly taller (P = 0.01) stipes and larger caps (P < 0.01) for a given stipe width compared to those developing in open microhabitats (n = 97). We were unable to detect increased dispersal success of C. formosus in field (n = 10). Longer stipes and larger caps are associated with increased dispersal abilities, while increased stipe thickness is connected to better stability. We suggest that sheltered C. formosus may grow into the open headspace, thus facilitating more effective spore dispersal. C. formosus growing in the open forest floor do not exhibit impeded dispersal and are thus shorter and smaller. Taken together, it is unlikely that there is a trade-off between morphologies that improve long distance dispersal or sporocarp stability.


Five hundred samples of Donax spp. were collected from five beaches (Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya) in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations of Donax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.


Background Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) have been widely recommended as a complement to RT-PCR. Considering the possibility of nasal self-sampling and the ease-of-use in performing the test, self-testing may be an option. Methods and Findings We performed a manufacturer-independent, prospective diagnostic accuracy study of nasal mid-turbinate self-sampling and self-testing when using a WHO-listed SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT. Symptomatic participants suspected to have COVID-19 received written and illustrated instructions. Procedures were observed without intervention. For comparison, Ag-RDTs with nasopharyngeal sampling were professionally performed. Estimates of agreement, sensitivity, and specificity relative to RT-PCR on a combined oro-/nasopharyngeal sample were calculated. Feasibility was evaluated by observer and participant questionnaires. Among 146 symptomatic adults, 40 (27.4%) were RT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity with self-testing was 82.5% (33/40 RT-PCR positives detected; 95% CI 68.1-91.3), and 85.0% (34/40; 95% CI 70.9-92.9) with professional testing. The positive percent agreement between self-testing and professional testing on Ag-RDT was 91.4% (95% CI 77.6-97.0), and negative percent agreement 99.1% (95% CI 95.0-100). At high viral load (>7.0 log10 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/ml), sensitivity was 96.6% (28/29; 95% CI 82.8-99.8) for both self- and professional testing. Deviations in sampling and testing (incomplete self-sampling or extraction procedure, or imprecise volume applied on the test device) were observed in 25 out of the 40 PCR-positives. Participants were rather young (mean age 35 years) and educated (59.6% with higher education degree). Most participants (80.9%) considered the Ag-RDT as rather easy to perform. Conclusion Ambulatory participants suspected for SARS-CoV-2 infection were able to reliably perform the Ag-RDT and test themselves. Procedural errors might be reduced by refinement of the Ag-RDTs for self-testing, such as modified instructions for use or product design/procedures. Self-testing may result in more wide-spread and more frequent testing. Paired with the appropriate information and education of the general public about the benefits and risks, self-testing may therefore have significant impact on the pandemic.


The Helios search coil experiment provides accurate low background noise measurements of interplanetary magnetic fluctuation spectra from about 4 Hz to 2.2 kHz adjacent to the frequency band from 0 to 4 Hz of the Technical University of Braunschweig flux-gate magnetometer. Apart from a slowly varying fluctuation component ranging up to 100 Hz near 1 AU and beyond 500 Hz near 0.3 AU the following superposed 'events' can be discerned in the fluctuation spectra which also have a distinct signature in the slowly varying magnetic field: (1) directional discontinuities acting as wave guide boundaries, (2) directional discontinuities producing whistler wave fields because of instability, (3) reversible magnetic field variations, mostly dips of about 1 min duration associated with whistler wave fields, (4) interplanetary shocks, where, for example, the oblique shock of January 8, 1975, has a thickness of about 1 proton gyroradius and produces an increase in whistler wave fields by more than 2 orders o′ magnitude in power spectral density leading to a power spectrum of 1 γ²/Hz f−3.64 in the wake region.


In this paper, we propose a novel method for road region detection in high-resolution SAR images based on the fusion of multiple features. Compared with traditional SAR road detection methods with feature fusion, we exploit more useful features such as the standard deviation of directional radiance for distinguishing between roads and buildings or flatland. Then, the features are binarized with dynamic thresholds related to the cumulative possibility distribution of features. Finally, we define a membership parameter to fuse the binarized features and select the road candidate regions according to their geometric features, thereby ensuring better detection rate and lower false alarm rate. Experimental results of GF-3 SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the detection of both urban and suburban road regions.


According to acculturation gap-distress theory, intergenerational cultural conflict stems from parent-offspring acculturation mismatch. Acculturation-based family conflict has been linked to poorer psychological adjustment among Asian American offspring, especially emerging adults. Whereas trait assertiveness often is shown to buffer the relation between interpersonal conflict and psychological distress among Euro Americans, it remains unknown how assertiveness contributes to Asian Americans' psychological adjustment both directly and jointly with intergenerational cultural conflict. Considering Asian cultural values of filial piety and obedience, high levels of assertiveness—a set of intrapersonal characteristics that prioritizes individualistic needs over family harmony and group needs—may intensify the relations between intergenerational cultural conflict and adjustment outcomes. Asian American college students (N = 141, 58.2% women, Mage = 20.86) completed surveys assessing their levels of intergenerational cultural conflict, assertiveness, and three psychological adjustment outcomes (depressive symptoms, negative affect, and subjective well-being). Intergenerational cultural conflict was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Assertiveness was correlated with negative affect and depressive symptoms negatively, and with subjective well-being positively. Contrary to hypothesis, assertiveness did not moderate the relation between intergenerational cultural conflict and psychological adjustment. Whereas trait assertiveness can be promotive of psychological adjustment outcomes among Asian Americans, it may not affect the degree to which intergenerational cultural conflict is linked to offspring adjustment outcomes.


Actual reflector antenna always has a deformation which has a serious influence on antenna performance. Establishing the equation of the distorted reflector surface is important for calculating antenna performance and precise control. A new best-fitting method based on least square method is submitted in this paper. This method depart from the ideal parabolic equation, and use the distance between the deformation point and the correspondent fitting point to establish the least square error condition equations, though which the six parameters can be got to determine the geometry position of the deformed parabolic accurately. Matrix operation can make the algorithm easy to realize in computer. Nan-shan 25m antennas finite element model is established in ANSYS program, and its result is analyzed compared with another method, confirmed the operability and accuracy of this algorithm.


Building on recent work on ethane internal rotation, we present a Hartree−Fock analysis that determines the origin of the conformational preference in methanol. The conformational preference origin is not inferred from barrier studies but is analyzed directly, by determining conformations the molecule would assume when particular classes of interactions are missing. We find that it is the hyperconjugative, and not the steric, interactions that determine the equilibrium structure of methanol. Rehybridization effects and bond strength changes induced by skeletal relaxations accompanying internal rotation play a critical role in the torsional mechanism.


This thesis is dedicated to the active research topic of generic Visual Object Categorization(VOC), which can be widely used in many applications such as videoindexation and retrieval, video monitoring, security access control, automobile drivingsupport etc. Due to many realistic difficulties, it is still considered to be one ofthe most challenging problems in computer vision and pattern recognition. In thiscontext, we have proposed in this thesis our contributions, especially concerning thetwo main components of the methods addressing VOC problems, namely featureselection and image representation.Firstly, an Embedded Sequential Forward feature Selection algorithm (ESFS)has been proposed for VOC. Its aim is to select the most discriminant features forobtaining a good performance for the categorization. It is mainly based on thecommonly used sub-optimal search method Sequential Forward Selection (SFS),which relies on the simple principle to add incrementally most relevant features.However, ESFS not only adds incrementally most relevant features in each stepbut also merges them in an embedded way thanks to the concept of combinedmass functions from the evidence theory which also offers the benefit of obtaining acomputational cost much lower than the one of original SFS.Secondly, we have proposed novel image representations to model the visualcontent of an image, namely Polynomial Modeling and Statistical Measures basedImage Representation, called PMIR and SMIR respectively. They allow to overcomethe main drawback of the popular "bag of features" method which is the difficultyto fix the optimal size of the visual vocabulary. They have been tested along withour proposed region based features and SIFT. Two different fusion strategies, earlyand late, have also been considered to merge information from different "channels"represented by the different types of features.Thirdly, we have proposed two approaches for VOC relying on sparse representation,including a reconstructive method (R_SROC) as well as a reconstructiveand discriminative one (RD_SROC). Indeed, sparse representation model has beenoriginally used in signal processing as a powerful tool for acquiring, representingand compressing the high-dimensional signals. Thus, we have proposed to adaptthese interesting principles to the VOC problem. R_SROC relies on the intuitiveassumption that an image can be represented by a linear combination of trainingimages from the same category. Therefore, the sparse representations of images arefirst computed through solving the l1 norm minimization problem and then usedas new feature vectors for images to be classified by traditional classifiers such asSVM. To improve the discrimination ability of the sparse representation to betterfit the classification problem, we have also proposed RD_SROC which includes adiscrimination term, such as Fisher discrimination measure or the output of a SVMclassifier, to the standard sparse representation objective function in order to learna reconstructive and discriminative dictionary. Moreover, we have also proposedChapter 0. Abstractto combine the reconstructive and discriminative dictionary and the adapted purereconstructive dictionary for a given category so that the discrimination power canfurther be increased.The efficiency of all the methods proposed in this thesis has been evaluated onpopular image datasets including SIMPLIcity, Caltech101 and Pascal2007.


How CCS options can be combined with linear programming to ensure optimum levels of CO 2 reduction across a region. Capture schemes can be optimised against such targets as carbon price, injection gas requirements and total emissions


Self-organization techniques based on promoters and inhibitors has been intensively studied in biological systems. Promoters enable an on-demand amplification of reactions to a particular cause. This allows to react quickly with appropriate countermeasures. On the other hand, inhibitors are capable of regulating this uncontrolled amplification by suppressing the reaction. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of these mechanisms in a network security scenario consisting of network monitoring elements, attack detection, and firewall devices. Previous work identified most existing detection approaches as not suitable for high-speed networks. This problem can be alleviated by separating the methodologies for network monitoring and for subsequent data analysis. In this paper, we present an adaptation algorithm that allows to manage the individual configuration parameters in order to optimize the overall system. We show the advantages of self-regulating techniques based on promoters and inhibitors that lead to maximized security and that gracefully degradate in case of overload situations. We created a simulation model to verify the algorithms. The results of the conducted simulations encourage further studies in this field


An enhanced double current limit technique suitable for high power buck converter is presented in this paper to protect the converter from damage under any fault condition. The first peak current limit circuit works properly when the output is in minor over load. If the current increases continuously to some amount after the first peak current limit working in major overload or short circuit, the frequency of the BUCK converter is decreased by the second peak current limit circuit. The duty cycle can decrease below the value normally limited by the propagation delay in this way. The enhanced current limit technique has been validated with UMC 0.6-µm BCD process based on a monolithic voltage-mode BUCK converter capable of driving up to 3A loads with supply voltage from 8 to 30V. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed current limit technique can guarantee the BUCK converter operating properly under any condition without damage.1


The techniques of dynawave scrubber are presented.The research progress and its industrial application are also discussed.Finally,the problems and research directions of scale-up design of dynawave scrubber are presented.


Since the redistribution of 1983, Grampian has had six parliamentary constitu encies: Moray, Banff & Buchan, Gordon, Kincardine & Deeside, and North and South Aberdeen. Apart from Aberdeen North, all the seats have been marginal and have changed hands at least once over the last decade. A distinctive feature of Grampian is that it is the only region in which all four major parties are currently represented in parliament.


The purpose of this research was to study the effect of 12-week physical activity on resiliency and productivity reducing staff absence based on public health of the female staff of Islamic Azad University. In this paper, we used the pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study designs The method of this research was semi-experimental and carried out having pre-test and post-test with pre –post design with two control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the research consisted of 94 from whom48 female staff of the university out of 94 academic staff, 48 persons were randomly assigned into were randomly selected and randomly assigned in to experimental (n=24) and control groups (n=24). The tools for gathering data were the resiliency inventory of Konor and Davidson (2003) with reliability of r=0.90 and validity of r=0.84. The other questionnaire used for the productivity of workplace was and productivity inventory of Hang (2008), its reliability using Cronbach's alpha was r=0.71 and its validity was r=0.60were used in order to measure the study variables. To test hypotheses independent t test and Mann Whitney test were used at α=0.05 to analyze the data. The results showed indicated that that 12-week physical activity had significant effect on resiliency and productivity of the staff subjects. But the 12-week physical activity has not had a significant while the positive effect on reducing staff absence. Therefore conclusively, it is suggested that planners and managers in the Its highly recommended to recruiter regular physical exercise for all staff in organizations use practical plans in the way to provide physical activities to the staff especially female staff whom suffering from special restrictions, to take advantages of this plan in order to promote for the more staff productivity and resiliency which consequently lead to improve and increase the productivity of in the organizations.


This paper explores similarities and differences between the biotechnology sectors of Lithuania and India. In both cases, the biotechnology sectors are major motors of economic growth. In the case of Lithuania, we borrow from Schumpeter's ideas of innovation and Porter's business cluster theory, and argue that Lithuania is "at the right place and the right time" to make it a regional leader in Baltic biotechnology. Although very different, India's biotechnology sector is also rapidly changing and innovating.


This article addresses the issues of how the evolution of machine learning field has an impact on the legal system. In the area of automated data...


If S is an inverse semigroup and 0 is the relation on the lattice A(S) of congruences on S defined by saying that two congruences ρl9p2 are ^-equivalent if and only if they induce the same partition of the idempotents then Θ is a congruence on Λ(S) and each #-class is a complete modular sublattice of A(S). If X is a partially ordered set then Jx denotes the inverse semigroup of one-to-one partial transformations of X which are order isomorphisms of ideals of X onto ideals of X, while if X is a semilattice, Tz denotes the inverse subsemigroup of Jx consisting of those elements a whose domain Δ(a) and range f (a) are principal ideals. It is shown that any inverse semigroup is isomorphic to an inverse subsemigroup of Jx for some semilattice X.


Maleimide -α- alkylstyrene heat-resistant bulk tetrapolymer, and discloses a method of making the same. More specifically, N- substituted maleimide monomer 5-60% by weight, alpha-alkyl styrene monomer 10-70 wt%, unsaturated nitrile monomer 5-50% by weight, and an aromatic vinyl monomer 3 bulk quaternary polymer consisting of 50 wt%, and discloses a continuous bulk polymerization process for producing the same. Bulk quaternary polymer of the present invention is a heat-resistant bulk quaternary polymer having a glass transition temperature of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and 150 to 250 ° C. for 70,000~300,000, heat at high temperatures terms of excellent stability and heat resistance, because of extremely low melt viscosity, as well as itself workability, productivity in formulation with other resins, workability, is excellent in moldability and kneading properties. Further, in the continuous bulk polymerization process of the present invention, a continuous bulk polymerization process devolatilizer is equipped, it is possible to produce bulk quaternary polymer at low cost and high efficiency.


Based on the mathematical model describing the effect of carbon (C) and the carbon equivalent (C EQ ) on the ultimate strength (US) of structural cast iron, a parametric description of the response surface US = US (С, С EQ ) is performed. It is shown that, for the model considered in the form of a regression equation, the application of ridge analysis makes it possible to find a set of suboptimal values of the input variables (С, С EQ ) that ensure the production of specified grades of structural cast iron. A graphical representation of such sets forms a nomogram for calculating the suboptimal chemical composition of structural cast iron


The purpose of this study was to determine college students' understanding of invasive species and their support for plant and animal pest control and eradicationmethods. Surveys were administered at a university and community college in Texas in biology and agriculture departments. A total of 533 respondents participated in the study. Most students said they were not part of any type of environmental organization and felt they were not very informed about invasive species issues. More students reported learning about invasive species in high school than in college courses. The average score on knowledge questions related to invasive and native plants and animals was 32%. Most students underestimated the negative impact of invasive species but many were aware of costs to manage those species. Reliable reported sources of information included environmental organizations, college courses, and the Internet. Pearson product-moment correlations showed positive relationships between students who had college class instruction regarding invasive species and positive attitudes toward management of invasive species. Positive relationships were also found between instruction and an awareness of invasive plants or animals. Respondents whowere knowledgeable of invasive species in the community had more positive attitudes toward the management of invasive species. In demographic comparisons, differences were found with males, upperclassmen, and those identifying as Caucasian or other havingmore knowledge of invasive species and more positive attitudes toward their management.


Tarik Ainane1*, Said Gharby2, Mohammed Talbi3, Abdelmjid Abourriche4, Ahmed Bennamara4, Naoual Oukkache5, Hassan Lamdini6 and Mohamed Elkouali3 1Superior School of Technology Khenifra (EST-Khenifra), University of Moulay Ismail, PB 170, 54000 Khenifra, Morocco 2Laboratory of Chemistry of Plants, Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco 3Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben Msik, University Hassan II, BP 7955 Casablanca 20660, Morocco 4Biomolecules and organic synthesis laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben Msik, University Hassan II, BP 7955 Casablanca 20660, Morocco 5Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco 6Department of Infectious Diseases, IbnRochd Hospital University Center, Casablanca 20270Morocco SOJ Biochemistry Open Access Research Article


Anesthetic related fatality is rare in this time and age in young patients who are ASA II (American Society of Anesthesiologists). Our patient had a very unfortunate anesthetic mortality due to aspiration of bilious vomit. A posthumous diagnosis of post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis leading to ileus was missed before surgery. There is a brief literature search about perils of bile aspiration, post ERCP pancreatitis and why pancreatitis is a lethal combination with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).


Molecular dynamics simulations, using classical potential models to represent the cation-framework interactions, were performed in order to predict the low frequency region of vibrational spectra for mordenite zeolites. The position and the shape of the bands assigned to the cation vibrations have been studied as a function of the nature of the extra-framework charge balancing cations (alkali, alkaline earth) and of the Si/Al ratio characterizing the zeolite framework. The critical role of the forcefield is also demonstrated by computing the low frequency spectra using two different forcefields which include the flexibility of the host framework.


J F Frederici (Juriaan Francois Frederici).
Original not held at UMA - see transcript within (2013.0056)
Previous control number: 3. See digitised original at 2011.0031.0003


The formation of coordination polymers by the reaction of [bis(catechol)salen]Mn III with several di- and trivalent metal ions is reported. These polymers are insoluble in a wide range of organic solvents and water but can be dissolved upon addition of excess pyrocatechol. They function as enantioselective heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts and exhibit catalytic activity comparable to that of the homogeneous [bis(catechol)salen]Mn III building block alone when used for


How to judge and bear the outer liability of Franchising is complicated.It should not only have the nature of franchi-sing,but also conform to the legal foundation of civil liability.There exist different theories on the outer liability bearing,yet they still suffer from some deficiencies.Based on a comparative study of relevant theories,as well as the theory on franchisers' liability in Anglo-American legal system,it is argued that in most cases the Franchisee should bear the liability,in a few cases the Franchiser bearing the liability and only in exceptional cases both of them having to take joint liability.


Thirty-three years ago, futurist Sohail Inayatullah and MIT Senior Lecturer Otto Scharmer participated in a seminar focused on macrohistory at the University of Hawaii at Manoa held by peace activist and futurist Johan Galtung. In the years that followed, each developed a body of work that provides an integrated theory and method that supports individuals, groups and organizations to sense, vision and co-create the future. Dr. Inayatullah's Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) draws on and integrates empiricist, interpretive, critical, and action learning modes of knowing at inner and outer levels to cultivate transformative spaces for the creation of alternative futures. Dr. Scharmer's Theory U provides a framework and process for building essential leadership capacities needed to address the root causes of today's social, environmental, and spiritual challenges by shifting individual and collective consciousness from ego-system to eco-system awareness. Recently the two came together in dialogue, joined by the Presencing Institute's Emma D. Paine, Editorial Coordinator and recent graduate from the London School of Economics, to explore the role of futuring in societal transformation. In the context of our current polycrisis, and drawing from a wealth of personal and professional experience, the three engage in a multi-generational conversation about bringing the future into being.


Diabetes is one of the most common illnesses, and diabetes causes Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which can lead to vision problems and blindness if not detected early. Early detection of DR is possible with the help of a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system, thus preventing many people from losing their eyesight. In order to classify fundus images into five categories, this article makes use of soft attention as feature refinement in convolutional neural networks (CNN). The proposed framework initially utilizes Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) as a pre-processing technique for improving the contrast level of the fundus images and then applied concatenation based CNN architecture coupled with soft attention for feature extraction and classification. The data has been balanced using oversampling so that each DR grade contains equal number of samples during the training process. The experimental results reveal that, unlike current methods, the proposed model detects all the five stages of DR.


Summary: The use of grey scale B‐mode ultrasonography at the Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney in the management of suspected threatened abortion is described. The results obtained with this technique indicate that it is a rapid, reliable means of evaluation of bleeding per vaginam in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, and should be considered as part of the routine investigation of threatened abortion.


Teachers'education is first of all the whole people's education,as well as the all-round development education,followed by the professional education and occupation education.Teachers'education is of a double professions'education.The key of Technology Curriculum for Ordinary High School is to enhance the information quality of students.Combination with the curriculum's teaching requires,the meaning of teachers'education is understood thoroughly,a four-year undergraduate's education program which apply to both teachers'education and non-teachers'education is designed.Further,a six-year teacher masters'education program is designed.


Low‐frequency collisionless drift waves grow intensively when electron currents parallel to a magnetic field are drawn in a single‐ended Q machine. For a smaller electron drift velocity, the measured dispersion relations of the wave are consistent with the linear theory of the current‐driven collisionless drift instability. The temperature of the ions is observed to increase anisotropically concomitant with the growth of the drift wave. The heating rate is found to be proportional to the wave energy estimated from the saturated frequency spectrum and its dependence on the electron drift is measured to be of the form (u/ve)4. A further increase in the electron drift results in the excitation of an ion acoustic wave and a flute‐like instability.


Despite significant advances in recent years, the drug therapy for breast cancer (BC) is still based on chemotherapy. The introduction of new effective cytostatic agents with a favorable toxicity profile is likely to remain an urgent objective for modern pharmacology in oncology. Ixabepilone, first in a new class of antineoplastic agents, the epothilones, has demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer both in its early stages and in patients, who have received 2 or more lines of chemotherapy. The article discusses the results of major studies, as well as the last meta-analysis of Ixabepilone studies in locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. It presents the results of two large randomized studies of Ixabepilone in adjuvant regimens in patients with early breast cancer with an unfavourable prognosis.


About 40% of women are reported to have dense breast tissue. Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, and the sensitivity of


A 68-year-old male presenting with impairment of mouth opening and pain of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was clinically diagnosed as having TMJ arthrosis.Although the patient was treated with drugs and an occlusal splint, the pain increased.Stellate ganglion block was ineffective. As facial swelling and opening disturbance of the right eye appeared, he was referred to the neurosurgery department. Based on CT and neurological findings, he was diagnosed as having the cavernous sinus syndrome, especially Foix syndrome. Soon after administration of steroids and antibiotics, the ocular and TMJ condition improved. This is a rare case in which TMJ disturbance was an initial manifestation of the cavernous sinus syndrome.


This paper reviewed recent researches and developments of biodegradable polyurethane(PU),shape memory polyurethane,flame retardant polyurethane and conductive polyurethane materials.Finally,the development trend of functional polyurethanes was predicted.


The involution of family education is a significant issue in China's current basic education and has brought certain heavy burdens and negative impacts to both parents and students. Using the desk research method, this paper describes the manifestations of family capital embeddedness in the process of family education involution, analyzes its causes, and explores countermeasures to address it. The study suggests changing traditional social concepts and regulating the governance of out-of-school educational institutions, balancing the allocation of educational resources among schools, reforming the evaluation mechanism of school education, and enhancing parental cognitive levels and abilities to make rational decisions about education.


As a new discipline direction,supply chain quality management develops very rapidly in these years,which demands system understanding about it's area.Traditional quality management and supply chain management theory are facing new challenges.Firstly this paper discusses and re-defines the inherence of supply chain quality management.Secondly the theory background is analysized from strategy leadership,process integration management,communication partnership and best practice.Then optimum quality strategy and contract design of supply chain are put more emphasis and infrastructure of supply chain quality control and coordination is constructed,finally future research directions are pointed out from process oriented and reengineering,supply chain quality management models and methods,performance measurement of supply chain quality and supply chain quality insurance.


Last year marked the 150th anniversary of the publication of Ignaz Semmelweis' landmark monograph on hand hygiene – at the time hand disinfection with chlorinated lime solution – as a means to prevent nosocomial infections [1]. All the necessary scientific evidence that improved hand hygiene practices in healthcare indeed reduce healthcare-associated infections and patient-to-patient transmission of microorganisms is available [2,3]. Moreover, several studies have shown that hand hygiene promotion programmes are costeffective [3]. Still, in 2012, hand hygiene cannot be taken for granted in healthcare institutions in Europe and worldwide.


The maximum allowable concentration ratio of the silicon-based solar cells and their potential for thermal utilization applications are investigated. A three-dimensional thermal-fluid model is developed for silicon-based concentrator photovoltaics integrated with a generic heat sink. The generic heat sink is characterized by the heat transfer coefficient, resembling different scenarios of thermal management, and the heat sink temperature to reveal the potential of the CPV to provide high exergetic thermal energy. Under each combination, a wide range of concentration ratios are tested to obtain the performance characteristic maps of the solar cell, which assure the safe operation of the cell under 85°C (as recommended by manufacturers). The highest concentration ratio for the presented cell is ∼25 when the intensive cooling is applied at a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 104 – 105W/m2K under average heat sink temperature (i.e., 31°C) near the ambient one (i.e., 30°C). In addition, raising the heat sink temperature (e.g., 50°C) for thermal utilization reduces the maximum allowable concentration ratio (e.g., ∼17). Although the thermal utilization intuitively holds a higher potential at a high concentration ratio, the reverse is recommended for the solar cell when the safe operation is considered. This is attributed to the necessity of sufficiently reducing the temperature of the heat sink to draw the massive heat flux at a high concentration through the predefined solar cell thermal resistance. Consequently, low-quality thermal energy is extracted as indicated by thermal exergy efficiency. To conclude, if the objective of the CPV system is only power, working at a high concentration is recommended with a heat sink having a high heat transfer coefficient and working at a temperature nearly equal to the ambient temperature. On the other hand, if combined heat and power are intended, increasing the heat sink temperature to the target application is obtained at the cost of reducing the maximum allowable concentration ratio.


This paper describes participatory budgeting in Brazil and elsewhere as a significant area of innovation in democracy and local development. It draws on the experience of 25 municipalities in Latin America and Europe, selected based on the diversity of their participatory budgeting experience and their degree of innovation. The paper provides a systematic analysis of the range of experience that can be included in participatory budgeting – in terms of the level of funds being considered, the extent of control and mode of involvement of local citizens, the relationship with local government, the degree of institutionalization and the sustainability of the process – and it considers the questions that are raised by this diverse set of possibilities.


Gender violence is understood as any action of violence associated with an exercise of power based on asymmetric and unequal relations between men and women and on discrimination and inequalities for reasons of non-normative gender identity and sexual orientation. The academic evidence regarding violence between same-sex couples indicates that their situation is not different from that of heterosexual couples, which suggests the commitment to accompany through support to governmental instances for the generation of more egalitarian and inclusive public policies.
The processes of social transformation measured through the gender approach constitute the road map of the Colombian State in the construction of a stable and lasting peace, until its impact has arrived. Likewise, a scaffolding can be specified at a jurisprudential level that allows highlighting the considerations of the Constitutional Court on issues as little explored as the protection of homosexual couples and sexual diversity in Colombia.


Safety accident rate of small-medium construction site is high. because of lack of safety management system, lack of safety management capacity, lack of investment for safety, Owner's insufficient awareness about safety. In order to improve this, Currently in Occupational Safety and Health Act, Construction site of amounts more than 300 million won less than 120 billion (architectural),150 billion won(civil) mandatory subject to the technical guidance on construction accident prevention. Context of construction accident causes with construction accident rate relationship analysis and case analysis of technical guidance, through a survey of stakeholders in the technical guidance drawn the problems of the construction accident prevention technical guidance system and ways to improve on this.


Abstract The literature on the concentration of urban poverty has considered two kinds of locations as the pockets of poverty: slums (vs. non-slums) and towns (vs. cities). Moving beyond these binaries in discussing spatial concentration of urban poverty, we have made an intersection of these two kinds of residential locations in the post-reform India using four rounds of data from the National Sample Survey. The proportion of relatively poor households was lower in city slum areas than in towns (both slum and non-slum households). Next, this paper tries to find out the level of basic services availability across these intersectional spatial categories and how public policies respond to existing poverty. Availability of basic services was higher in city slums than in town non-slum households. Across all these urban areas, the poor had a lower access to services than the non-poor, and the gap between them had increased over time. These findings also pose serious concerns on the geographical targeting of poverty alleviation programmes in India and on iniquitous resources allocations for providing basic amenities


We give a sufficient condition for a distance-regular graph to be Hamiltonian. In particular, the Petersen graph is the only connected non-Hamiltonian strongly regular graph on fewer than 99 vertices.


Previous toxicity testing with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) indicated that some unsaturated acetylenic and allylic alcohols can be metabolically activated, via alcohol dehydrogenase, to highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones or allene derivatives. Although several in vivo and in vitro toxicological and biochemical endpoints can differentiate these alcohols by toxic mechanism, the use of stereoelectronic molecular descriptors to discriminate these toxicants, and subsequently to predict potency, had not been previously attempted. Exploration of several descriptors indicated that soft electrophilic characteristics of acetylenic or allylic moieties in the suspected metabolites unambiguously discriminated reactive and narcotic toxicants. The acute toxicity of alcohols acting as narcotics was accurately predicted using an existing quantitative structure-activity relationship for nonpolar narcosis. The toxicity of alcohols mediated by metabolic activation was estimated quantitatively using acceptor superdelocalizability of specific carbon atoms of the acetylenic or allylic moiety in the putative electrophilic intermediates.


Non convulsive status epilepticus is a heterogeneous conditionconsisting of very different electroclinical syndromes. It is difficult to make the diagnosis andidentify common factors among patients. We report two cases with an unusual presentation. A31 years old woman having discoid lupus presented with a prolonged exogenous psychosis thatlasted two and half months, associated to echolalia. After the episode the patient remained witha severe frontal syndrome that could be the consequence of a non convulsive status epilepticus.A 60 years old woman with an epilepsy diagnosed at the age of 30, presented with recurrentepisodes of aphasia. During one of these crises, the electroencephalogram showed continuousepileptiform activity (Rev Med Chile 2003; 131: 1045-50).(


The split‐step algorithm is the standard method for calculating complex (i.e., amplitude and phase) sound fields in a range dependent ocean environment. However, in ocean areas with strong bottom interaction, density discontinuities, sediment rigidity, and bottom roughness should be taken into account. It is easy to incorporate the effects of density discontinuities and rigidity in a specular bottom reflection coefficient R, and it is reasonable to assume that some of the complications of moderately rough bottom interfaces can also be included. Once R has been defined, a systematic procedure is given for generating an equivalent bottom that is compatible with the split‐step algorithm and provides an accurate accounting of bottom interaction.


In the first part of this paper, liberation theology's use of Marxist analysis in its programme of ideology critique is briefly discussed. It is argued that Althusser's development of Marxist theory can help to elucidate liberation theology's hermeneutic position. Subsequently the discussion concentrates on the understanding of the exodus theme that is generated by this hermeneutic stance. Particular attention is paid to the thought of Croatto. Finally the paper poses the question of whether our respective ideological commitments still allow for meaningful discussion between Christians. It is suggested that Scripture, as the canon of the church, should be allowed to exercise a critical function over against our hermeneutical commitments.


Independent conflicts and concurrency in the modeling of workflows by using Petri nets are applied to the control of option processes and to keep a high-performance operation of systems.However,dependent conflicts and concurrency may lead to the incomplete and indeterminate conflicting behavior that produces difficulties for the analysis of conflicts.The phenomenon is called confusions that usually appear in workflow nets.In this paper,confusions are formalized as a class of marked subnets with special conflicting and concurrent restrictions in a Petri net.Then,a confusion detection algorithm based on confusion features is proposed and a policy is developed by using generalized mutual exclusion constraints to produce confusion prevention supervisors.Finally,experimental results of a classical workflow net by using the proposed algorithms show that the developed methods can detect and prevent confusions in workflow nets.


Synopsis: The construction of new energy infrastructures utilizing globally friendly hydrogen and power systems is attractive and important for sustainable development. An advanced superconducting power conditioning system composed of a hydrogen system and superconducting magnetic energy storage devices is proposed for effective use of renewable energy, and its verification test will be carried out. Superconducting coils of this system are wound with MgB2 wire and cooled by liquid hydrogen. The basic technology for the liquid hydrogen cooling system was developed and established under a high magnetic field. The MgB2 superconducting wire, which is economical and has high performance characteristics, has been intensively developed. This R&D should lead to a large reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide. In this paper, some important results obtained so far are described.


Software security is becoming highly important for universal acceptance of applications for many kinds of transactions. Automated code analyzers can be utilized to detect security vulnerabilities during the development phase. This paper is aimed to provide a survey on Static code analysis and how it can be used to detect security vulnerabilities. The most recent findings and publications are summarized and presented in this paper. This paper provides an overview of the gains, flows and algorithms of static code analyzers. It can be considered a stepping stone for further research in this domain.


In estimating demand elasticities for food, we must choose a functional form for the statistical model. Because this choice can have untoward consequences for the user (King), we seek a form which does not impose undue restrictions on the estimated demand elasticities. Statistically, we seek a functional form which gives close approximations to the elasticities of interest. In this connection, Gallant (1981, 1982) points out that the key consideration is the method of approximation. There are two: Taylor's series and Fourier series methods. The problem with Taylor's theorem is that it applies only locally on a region of unspecified size. This method can yield testable implications of the theory at the point of approximation; but this point is in general unknown and may not even be in the range of the data (Caves and Christensen, White). Moreover, the approximation error from Taylor's series can be large for small departures from the (unspecified) point of expansion (White). In short, there is nd guarantee that Taylor's theorem will give close approximations at any point in the sample (Gallant 1981). Thus there is no assurance that even the recently popularized locally flexible functional forms (translog, generalized Leontief, almost ideal demand system) will give close approximations to the true demand system.


Describes an effective means for programming shared memory multiprocessors whereby a set of sequential activities are linked together for execution in parallel. The glue for this linkage is provided by a functional language implemented via graph reduction and demand evaluation. The full power of functional programming is used to obtain succinct, high level specifications of parallel computations. The imperative procedures that constitute the sequential activities facilitate efficient utilization of individual processing elements, while the mechanisms inherent in graph reduction synchronize and schedule these activities.<<ETX>>


This Web-based study investigated the effects of client race on the clinical judgment of practicing European American vocational rehabilitation counselors, specifically, whether participants demonstrated bias in their general evaluation, perceptions of psychopathology, and estimates of the educational and vocational potential of African American clients. Participants reviewed case materials depicting either an African American or a European American client and rendered judgments (a) once after minimal initial information was provided, when initial impressions could be more vulnerable to racial stereotypes, and (b) once after subsequent information was provided, facilitating more definitive judgments. African American clients were judged more negatively than European American clients, and these differences persisted after reviewing subsequent information. Implications for treatment planning are discussed.


In 1999 a public policy change, significantly based on insights from a major Technology Foresight exercise (Forfas, 1999), resulted in major investment in S&T in Ireland. This investment focused on infrastructure and skills needs of the higher education sector, and was intended to develop innovative competence and Ireland's attractiveness to foreign industry. In this context an increasing policy concern of government has been to promote effective cross-sectoral research collaboration. Policy responses have been to establish collaborative research, programs to fund industry-directed research, and on-campus facilities to foster interactions. The experience suggests that increasing overall R&D funding does not result in more technology for industry, nor in more academic interest in collaboration. Some of the factors critical to successful collaboration are reviewed. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


In this paper,the QTLs of flowering duration were identifiedby using a set of RIL population,which derived from a maize hybrid Nongda108(Huang CX Xu178),and a genetic linkage map was constructed with 123 SSR molecular markers.The RIL population was evaluated at three locations(Nanyang,Zhengzhou and Xunxian),and two traits including pollen duration and silking duration,were measured.A total of 12 QTLs from the two measured traits were identified,of which two QTLs was same,detected simultaneously in two locations.That is to say,11 different QTLs were identified,including 5 QTLs for pollen duration and 6 for silking duration.The total contribution of the QTLs detected for each trait could explain 10.6%-33.1% phenotypic variance.2 QTLs for pollen duration and 2 for silking duration were located on chromosome 3,while 3 QTLs for silking duration and one for pollen duration were located at the umc2393-umc1033 region of chromosome 9,indicating that the chromosome 3 and 9 might be the gene concentration area for controlling the flowering duration.


The traditional handicraft manufacturing has existed through and has been evolved as well as suffered phases of glory and decline alternatively. This manufacturing economy has emerged and got itself located in specific places across the country wi th each being unique, thus providing a mutual spatial identity to the product and the place equally. Metal craft being traditional in nature, has a well-established market across the globe thus providing huge employment. In India, Moradabad well known as "Brass City", accounts 40 % of the total export of metal craft from India. The Study attempts to assess spatial impacts of metal craft industry on the study area. The study has been conducted in four stages, which includes formulation of aim and objectives, data collection, analysis, identification of issues and formulating strategies and recommendations.


Abstract Neumann condition has so many applications in mechanical engineering. This paper suggests a numerical method for solving Neumann problem with discontinuous coefficients. The accuracy of mentioned method will be illustrated with some numerical examples with given exact solutions.


Right lateral flexion of the neck was restricted due to pain going down the right side of the body. Patient was investigated with Computed tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging (CT and MRI) scan of cervical spine. CT cervical spine - An irregular bony growth was seen arising from the posterior neural arch of C4 vertebra projecting and compressing the spinal cord [Figures 1 and 2]. MRI scan of the cervical spine [Figures 3 and 4] - A bony outgrowth was seen arising from the spinous process and lamina of C4 vertebra projecting and compressing the spinal cord at that level. Cervical spinal cord appeared flattened. A provisional diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia/ osteoid osteoma was made. At operation an abnormal bony mass was noticed at C4 spinous process and lamina extending more to the right side. Laminectomy of C4-C5 with excision of bony tumor was done. At the site of cord compression the dura appeared discolored. After decompression the dura was pulsating normally. The excised tumor was sent for histopathological examination and A 35-year-old male patient presented with pain in the back of the neck and right arm since eight months. He had been getting vague discomfort along the right arm since one year. Since two months he noticed tingling sensation on the right side of the body and fingers on bending or turning the neck to the right. No definite history of trauma was noted. Patient was not a diabetic or hypertensive. Patient gave no history of pulmonary tuberculosis. On examination the (O/E) - Patient was conscious, responsive, oriented, right-handed. Speech was normal. No cranial nerve deficits. No motor deficits. No evidence of wasting of muscles. No fasciculations. Deep tendon jerks were symmetrical. Plantars were equivocal on both sides. Visceral reflexes were normal. Sensory system examination revealed - Dysasthesia over C5-C6 and C6-C7 distribution on the right side. Examination of the cervical spine did not present any abnormality. No abnormal mass was palpated over the paraspinal region or over the spinous process.


It is difficult to establish a cutting model using traditional mathematical methods for the abrasive water jet because of the complex nonlinear relationship between the cutting performance and the influencing factors.A BP neural network cutting model of abrasive water jet,which contains six influencing factors as jet pressure,abrasive flow,cutting target distance,work piece thickness,abrasive nozzle diameter and cutting speed,was established based on BP artificial neural network theory and the results of the cutting experiment with typical material.A portable abrasive water jet cutting speed artificial neural network prediction unit was developed to realize the visualization of the network model based on Delphi,providing conditions for the integration of network model and NC system.The results showed that the network model integrated with NC system can predict the cutting speed rapidly,and accurately reliably and realize the effective control of the cutting quality.


Demand response is a widely discussed option for facilitating connection of intermittent generation and making the use of energy resources more efficient. Previous studies have shown that the use of demand response enabling technologies leads to higher reductions during peak hours than only giving price signals to customers who can then decide whether they want to time their consumption accordingly. This paper studies residential customers' perceptions on remote load control based on a web-based survey conducted in December 2011 in Finland and responded by 2103 persons. The results of the survey indicate that remote load control is widely accepted, at least if it means lower electricity costs for the customer. However, based on customers' previous activity in the liberalized electricity markets, the actual activation of customers may be more challenging than the survey results suggest.


A biographical work presenting 19th century South Australian surveyor general and founder of Darwin, George Goyder, as a significant figure in colonial environmental history. Focuses on tracing the growth of experience and insight which enabled him to map, as Goyder's line, his insight into the importance of rainfall variability.


In an image browsing environment there is need for a design that allows viewing image subregions in progressively higher resolutions. We describe a storage scheme that accomplishes good image compression ratios, while providing fast image subre-gion retrieval in various resolutions. This storage scheme is applied on the quantized coeecient matrices obtained from the application of wavelet transforms to images. Our encoding algorithm is based on quadtrees to provide compression and region indexing, coupled with Huuman coding to further improve the compression ratios. We provide results of experiments performed in a digital library environment to demonstrate the eeectiveness of our scheme.


The utility model relates to a metal material continuous casting device. The utility model mainly comprises a graphite inner sleeve 1, a metal lining sleeve 2, an outer sleeve 3, a cooling cavity 4, a water inlet pipe 6 and a water outlet pipe 7. The contact surface of the metal lining sleeve 2 and the cooling cavity 4 is provided with a groove. Compared with the light straight surface, the contact surface with the groove has the advantages of increasing the heat exchanging area by 50% to 100%, and improving heat exchanging ability. The cooling cavity is divided into a plurality of sections so that the cooling intensity can be independently controlled by sectioning. Compared with the casting speed of the continuous casting machine existing in the prior art, the utility model has the advantage of improving the casting speed by 30%.


Since we cannot manage what we cannot control, and we cannot control what we do not measure, the measurement of knowledge management (KM) effectiveness is a very important issue. This study aims at developing a methodology to evaluate the KM effectiveness under fuzziness in research organizations. In order to develop such a methodology and to define measures of KM effectiveness, first the relevant literature were studied thoughtfully, in the next step, the opinions of the experts, specialists, scholars and professionals in IT and KM systems and senior managers in Iran's research organizations were gathered through in-depth interview and consultation. Linguistic data that people use in their judgments may result in ambiguities. To decrease these ambiguities, linguistic terms based on the extent fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) - as a multi-attribute decision making approach- are used in this study. 34 measures, which are the major variables to evaluate the KM effectiveness, have been defined under six main measures: Human resources, leadership and organizational structure, knowledge creation and acquisition, knowledge storage and security, knowledge sharing, and knowledge utilization and updating. The results indicate that "human resources" is the most important measure. The other 5 criteria in order of importance are the "Knowledge Sharing", "Leadership and Organizational Structure", "Knowledge Utilization and Updating", "Knowledge Creation and Acquisition" and "Knowledge Storage and Security". Finally, to test validity and reliability of the proposed framework, we have used this framework to evaluate the KM effectiveness in 9 of Iran's research organizations.


1Inst. for Animal Breeding of the Federal Agriculture Research Centre (FAL), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany 2Inst. of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig, Germany 3Animal Genomics, Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland 4Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany 5Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Food, Dept. of Fish Quality, Hamburg, Germany Manuskript eingegangen am 1. Dezember 2006, angenommen am 21. Januar 2007


. DS-diagram and flow spine are good tools for studying 3-manifolds ([5], [8]). In this paper, we introduce the concept of generalized DS-diagram and study its properties. We define two types of moves that change generalized DS-diagrams but do not change their associated manifolds. We prove that any two generalized DS-diagrams such that their associated manifolds are homeomorphic to each other can be deformed into each other by a finite sequence of moves of the types.


Oxygen outdiffusion from Czochralski silicon has been studied under various atmospheres, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and argon/hydrogen (10%). The enhancement of the oxygen diffusion coefficient by hydrogen has been confirmed. Besides, thermal treatments in a halogen lamp furnace has led to a 100‐fold higher oxygen diffusion coefficient under a neutral atmosphere, and to a 1000‐fold enhancement under a hydrogenated atmosphere. Moreover, in this latter case, a level at 6.5×1017 atoms cm−3 in the oxygen profile has been observed at the surface of the sample. Electron‐hole pair generation under intense ultraviolet radiation eventually combined with the presence of hydrogen is likely responsible for the anomalously high oxygen diffusion during rapid thermal processing.


Approximate theoretical schemes for the calculation of the phonon inelastic scattering were derived from the formulation in the preceding paper. They can be adopted to flexible input potentials and are more realistic compared to the schemes that have been employed so far and at the same time are capable of yielding effective ab initio computation. An iterative coupled integral equation method thus obtained is much more tractable than that of the coupled differential equation when the phonons are taken into account. In this approach, the multiphonon transitions are readily obtained as higher order processes with the potential matrix elements being limited to the dominant one‐phonon transitions. The S matrix elements of both elastic reflection and simultaneous diffraction and phonon transitions can also be obtained from the coupled channel transition matrix (CCTM) approach derived from the diffractive wave Green function where the coupling between the reciprocallattice points due to the atom–surface interac...


The present invention relates to a dust removing apparatus phosphorus vapor and working method, the dust removing device comprising: a cylindrical barrel, the cylindrical barrel disposed on top of the first flange interface input for the phosphorus vapor, provided in the cylindrical tube phosphorus vapor for outputting on a second flange interface side wall member, disposed in the cylindrical barrel of the cylindrical screen, a drive mechanism for driving the cylindrical rotating filter for this cylinder strainer nitrogen sparge to remove the inner wall of the dust jet tube for dust brushed off on the yarn cylindrical screen plate is connected to the cylindrical tubular body has an inverted conical lower cones, provided in the the lower end of the sealing cones blanking valve disposed in the first storage chamber bottom blanking sealing valve disposed in the bottom of the storage chamber sealed discharge valve provided in the storage chamber heater provided in the storage chamber nitrogen inlet tube and the air exhaust duct, and a nitrogen inlet were provided in the tube and adapted to the air exhaust duct while opening and closing the intake and nitrogen air evacuation valve.


Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a bacterium that causes aggressive and chronic parodontitis. The main effect of this periodontal disease is a collapse of periodontal tissues in a very short period of time. This is caused by virulent factors that the bacteria excrete in periodontal pockets. Most known factors are leukotoxin and toxin CDT (Cytolethal distending toxin).
In my thesis I have focused on the bacteria A. actinomycetecomitans and associated it with parodontitis disease. Most of my work consisted of the preparation of plasmid construct to examine the promoter activity for the biosynthesis of leukotoxin and toxin CDT in bacteria. By engineering the recombinant plasmid that harbours the promoter region of the toxin CDT or of the leukotoxin fused to the β-galactosidase reporter gene we can recognize the transcriptional factors that are important for regulation of the gene expression and therefore determine the environmental signals needed for the induction of either toxin.


We develop a conceptual framework in which we show how a non-executive director's task performance may change over their life cycle on the board. We adopt a three-stage process to examine the task performance of a non-executive director: independence stage, engagement stage and relationship renewal stage, and use capture theories of regulation to develop a number of testable propositions. We argue that capture theory allows us to explain how a non-executive director's task performance can change from one where monitoring and control is high and strategy and service is low to the reverse over their period on the board.


The prese nt w o r k h a d t h e ob ject i v e o f e v al ua ti n g th e v i ab ili ty o f th e cul t i va ti o n fo r t h e edib l e fungu s Lentinula ed o d e s (s h iita k e) over agroi ndust r ial res i dues produced in Paran a S t ate . T he trad i ti o na l cu l tiv a tion for t h is mushr o o m i s made o v e r t r u nks a n d sco b s o f Quer c us acu t i ss im a a n d Q . s er r a t a ( chesnut t r ee) an d it ta k es a bout si xte e n m on th s. L ook i ng f o r a l terna t i ve sub s trate s f o r tim e redu c t io n and gr o w i ng p o ss i b il i t y , t he ra w ca s sava w aste w i th 2 0 % o f s uga rc a ne residue s has s h ow n a goo d o p t i on. The sp awn w a s pr od uc e d o n w he a t grains a n d in o cul ated in plas t i c bag s co ntain ing ra w c as s a v a w ast e . T he ba s idi o ca r ps g rowt h w a s obs e r v ed a ft er 65 da y s i nocu l a t io n , w hich r ep r esen t s a t i me re d uction o f s e ve n t i m es w hen co m pa r ed t o t he traditio n a l met hod .


Abstract Evidence of communication traffic complexity reveals correlation in a within-queue and heterogeneity among queues. We show how a random-effect model can be used to accommodate these kinds of phenomena. We apply a Pareto distribution for arrival (service) time of individual queue for given arrival (service) rate. For modelling potential correlation in arrival (service) times within a queue and heterogeneity of the arrival (service) rates among queues, we use an inverse gamma distribution. This modelling approach is then applied to the cache access log data processed through an Internet server. We believe that our approach is potentially useful in the area of network resource management.


Handel's lofty position in music history has often cast it shadow on the rich cultural tapestry out of which his achievements emerged. This article offers examples of his contacts with pre-eminent artists of early Georgian England drawing on a set of new primary sources They, not the meddling critic, shape a nariative of surprises and twists that help Lis re-engage with the historical Handel front the wide perspective of England's artistic continuum in the mid-18th century. The topics explored Include Handel's strong affinity with leading thespian James Quin, a suppressed Handelian passage in Hogarth's Analysis of Beauty, a thorough re-examination of Goupy's famous caricature, and new insights on its 1754 incarnation as 'The Charming Brute'


This paper focuses on analysis and modeling of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) resistive digital-to-analog converter (RDAC) potentiometers based on string digital-to-analog converter or Kelvin divider architecture. The model is developed by using very-high hardware description language (VHDL) analog and mixed-signal language, and accurately simulates basic static and dynamic parameters, integral nonlinearity, terminal voltage operating range, and leakage current at various operational modes for linear and nonlinear changing of the middle point (wiper). The model is implemented in the SystemVision simulation platform, using a style combining structural and behavioral elements. For verification of the model parameters are extracted for single-stage AD5235 and triple-stage AD5143 RDACs from analog devices as examples. The workability of the proposed models is validated by simulation and experimental testing of sample digitally controlled analog circuits. The comparative analysis shows that the achieved relative error, between the simulation and the experimental results at the maximum value of the nominal resistance equal to ${25\,\rm{k}\Omega }$ , is less than 5%. Moreover, an error of 5% is quite acceptable, considering the technological tolerances of the parameters.


Motivated by the need to reduce the deformation of the large clear aperture transmitting mirror in the high power laser facilities (SG-II), a novel support scheme is presented for transferring maximum deformation area from the center of clear aperture to the edge of a transmitting mirror. The optimum preload force applied to the small flexure deformation on the edge is determined based on elasticity theory and finite element analysis. Experimental results show that the preload force applied to the edge of the mirror can offset the deformation of the aperture caused by gravity. The Peak to Valley (PV) value and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) value of the clear aperture of optics reduced by 71.9% and 82.7%, respectively, when preload force is applies, compared to their values without any preload force. The proposed method would facilitate the development of new support schemes for large aperture mirrors, especially transmitting mirror.


Purpose: To evaluate both in vitro and in vivo effects of DT390-IL-18-SRα immunotoxoin on the development of liver immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods: The antiproliferative effect and in vitro granuloma formation (IVGF) inhibition were evaluated using methyl thaiazolyl tetrazolium and IVGF index respectively. In vivo evaluation, mice were divided into four groups of twelve mice each: Group1 normal non infected (-ve control), Group 2, 3 and 4 were infected percutaneously with 25 cercariae. After 6 weeks post infection, Group2 was treated with PBS (+ve control), Group3 was treated with plasmid DNA (50 µg) embedded with cationic liposome in 50 µl PBS, injected intramuscular in the hind limbs once daily for two weeks and Group4 was treated with DT390-SRα (mutant control). After animals sacrification, liver was removed for histopathological studies. Results: DT390-IL-18-SRα showed suppression of spleen lymphocytes proliferation and IVGF in a dose dependant manner as well as suppression of liver granulomas size by 80%, while mutant toxin had no significant suppression. Conclusion: The immunotoxin showed selective toxicity to antigen activated lymphocytes in vitro with reduced clinical and pathological severities of the disease.


Many decisions on IS investments have made during the past 20 years but yet, the extant literature does not provide a clear understanding of the phenomenon of IS outsourcing. This chapter answers two main questions relevant to researchers and practitioners: 1) What are the main findings so far in IS outsourcing literature? 2) What do we still need to learn? Through a comprehensive review of the literature, the authors offer systematization of the body of knowledge on outsourcing, its implications on firms' boundaries, and the theoretical challenges. The MIS perspective appears to be very present, both by considering technology as part of the external environment and by exploring IS and IT as areas for important sourcing decision. In conclusion, implications for managers are drawn.


The USGS recently completed an assessment of the conventionally recoverable undiscovered oil and gas resources of the world . Of the 246 assessment units in the world, 88 were identified a s being, at least in part, in extensional tectonic or rilt areas. An additional; 21 assessment units veere identified as being in solely extensional areas.


Pulsatile flow is a specific unsteady flow in which the resultant flow is composed of a mean component and a periodically varying time-dependent component. Oscillatory flow is a sub-branch of pulsatile flow with zero mean component. Pulsatile flows may appear in one of the flow regimes : laminar, transitional or turbulent. It this paper, the basic terminology and relationships for pulsatile flows are presented, based on published theoretical and experimental investigations to date. The available theory on laminar and transitional regimes is outlined. Although the primary purpose of the study is to determine the theory of pulsatile pipe flows, published papers on related flow fields are also reviewed.


In the patients here reported upon, preventing ingestion of foreign bodies would entail either incarceration nude in an empty room or forceful restraint with a "straitjacket" of camisole type. We now advise annual abdominal roentgenograms on retarded patients in whom there is an increased likelihood of foreign body ingestion. More, identification beforehand of a "high risk" group will serve to focus attention on patients in whom prompt surgical intervention might be necessary should obstruction or perforation result. A technique of "operant conditioning" was tried by the department of psychology in an unsuccessful attempt to train the patient in Case 3. An electric belt with mild shock device was used, but for only an hour each week. The patient soon learned not to ingest foreign bodies while the psychologist and apparatus were at hand, but his "appetite" for foreign bodies remained voracious in their absence. This technique of operant conditioning might well be effective if used by the nurses 24 hours a day for a long enough time. Unlike Teimourian and coworkers,' who were dealing with psychotic patients, in the mentally retarded we have not found a high mortality rate associated with ingestion of foreign bodies. Over a ten-year period at least 20 patients have been treated at the Pacific State Hospital for gastrointestinal foreign bodies, several of them on more than one occasion. During that time there was only one death due to foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, and it may well have been preventable, as it was associated with peritonitis resulting from tearing at the site of sutured junction of the sigmoid colon to the peritoneum in a colostomy. The great majority of ingested foreign bodies, even those which are sharp and irregular and seem likely to cause perforation, usually pass spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract with but minimal signs and symptoms. In the series of 20 patients observed in a ten-year period there were eight instances of open safety pins, from one to six in number, that passed through the entire gastrointestinal tract without causing perforation. The use of a high fiber diet, non-absorbable antibiotics or sulfonamides, and abundant patience, reinforced by frequent roentgenograms of the chest and abdomen and frequent clinical examinations, are usually adequate. However, when signs of intestinal obstruction, or particularly of perforation, do appear, prompt surgical intervention is mandatory.


Many techniques have been discovered to improve performance of bulk data transfer protocols which use large messages. This paper describes a technique that improves protocol performance for protocols that use small messages, such as signalling protocols, by reducing memory system penalties. Detailed measurements show that for TCP, most memory system costs are due to poor locality in the protocol code itself, rather than movement of data. We present a new technique, analogous to blocked matrix multiplication, for scheduling layer processing to reduce memory system costs, and analyze its performance in a synthetic environment.


In numerous mobile machines like excavators and loaders the main power source is a diesel engine coupled to one or more hydraulic pumps. In principle the design of such a combination could be very simple: the combustion piston can directly be connected to the plunger of the hydraulic pump. If possible, this combined piston should not be connected to any mechanism. The piston should be able to move freely in its cylinder.


Abstract This article provides a critical account of Brahms's early collection of quotations, aphorisms and poems commonly known as Des jungen Kreislers Schatzkästlein in the context of the composer's youthful engagement with German literature. Drawing on archival materials housed in Vienna, it evaluates the 1909 publication of the Schatzkästlein by the Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft and traces Brahms's path in assembling his quotations to reveal borrowings from sources he encountered in the Schumann house in Düsseldorf in 1854. The second section of the article considers the different modes of reading implied by Brahms's collection, while the third reflects on the artistic worldview articulated by the assembled entries. While scholars have viewed the Schatzkästlein largely as evidence of Brahms's adolescent infatuation with the writings of the German Romantics, this investigation emphasizes the competing conceptions of artistry present in these fascinatingly messy notebooks and argues that this youthful collection points to the important role played by literature in the development of Brahms's distinctive musical sensibility.


Black hole - neutron star (BHNS) and neutron star - neutron star (NSNS) binaries are perhaps the most popular progenitors for short-hard gamma ray bursts. After about two decades of numerical relativity simulations of binary compact objects we are beginning to understand the necessary ingredients for jets to emerge from these systems following merger. We report on the latest development of this field summarizing the results from state-of-the-art numerical relativity (magnetohydrodynamic) simulations of compact binary mergers as progenitors of short-hard gamma-ray bursts.