In this issue of Allergy, the review of Bonifazi & Bilo. focuses on the "old" but still controversial problem of whether immunotherapy (IT) is effective in asthma. On the basis of several controlled studies, the authors conclude that IT should be considered an effective treatment of allergic asthma. However, after the review was in press, Adkinson et al. published a paper (1) which might discourage the use of IT in asthmatic children. In fact, these authors found no benefit in the group receiving IT in comparison with the group on appropriate medication only. Tliis paper reopened the dispute between the supporters and detractors of IT. In the USA, the AAAAI felt it appropriate to publish a position statement on the topic, issue a press release, and send a fax to members in view of the concern of patients and doctors caused by the national media coverage of the paper. We should like to reconsider the data presented by Adkinson et al. in order to suggest a different reading of their results, as well as to discuss a more intriguing aspect of IT studies and of clinical drug trials in general. In fact, while the data of a paper if as substantial as those of Adkinson et al. cannot be disputed until experimentally disproven, results and conclusions are often more subjective, also depending on the questions addressed and the methodology used to answer them. For instance, rather than asking whether IT provides an additional benefit to asthmatic children on appropriate treatment, we should like to review Adkinson et al.'s data, to answer the question: "Who benefited from the treatment used?" In fact, while group comparison of mean responses is useful for new treatments to obtain preliminary information on their efficacy, the next step should be to discover the reasons for variability in response, if any, in order to detect subsets of subjects to whom the treatment is specifically useful. And this should be the case for IT, whose efficacy in both children and adults has been extensively confirmed (2), but whose indication is still affected by the fact that the criteria of selection of patients are not uniform. In view of the data of the cited paper, there is no doubt that both groups studied improved significantly after appropriate treatment, regardless of IT. However, the variability of symptom scores after treatment was quite high in the two groups, meaning that some patients were better affected and improved more than others. Firstly, we should like to know whether the type of "appropriate treatment" might have influenced remission rates in the two groups and the final result of the study, fn fact, oral or topical steroids were used in 25/61 children in the IT group and in 32/60 in the "placebo" group. Since the efficacy of steroids in asthma is firmly established, we wonder whether the steroid treatment was responsible for such a high remission rate in the "placebo" group and whether an additional benefit of IT might have become apparent by exclusion of the subjects on steroids. Secondly and more interestingly, we should like to know whether different responses observed in the IT group might have been foreseen on the basis of clinical features of subjects selected for treatment. In fact, allergy and asthma are heterogeneous conditions not only in terms of severity but also of pathophysiology. In the March issue of Allergy (3), we proposed a classification of "allergic" subjects and asthmatics into five phenotypes depending on the prevalent pathophysiologic abnormality (Fig. 1). In particular, we expect that the asthmatics studied by Adkinson et al. might be included in at least three groups:


The subject of the research in the article is the problem of the real functioning of the elements of communist ideology (after 10 years of Bolshevik power) in rural areas, significantly remote from the capital's proletarian center both in territorial and ideological terms. In this case – in the Old Believer villages of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR (BMASSR). The object of the study is the main and auxiliary institutions of Soviet power in the Tarbagatai, Mukhorshibir, Bichur aimags of the BMASSR (the turn of the 1920s-1930s). The following aspects of the topic are considered: the ideological viability of party and Komsomol organizations in rural councils, as well as the impact on the life of Old Believers of Soviet holidays, patronage of workers in Verkhneudinsk, the work of friendly courts in collective farms, acting as binding practices of a new in content, but traditional in the form of everyday life. The historical-genetic method necessary for studying the evolutionary changes of the phenomenon was used to characterize the work of the party and Komsomol cells of the Semey in 1925-1935. The historical-comparative method, highlighting the common and special features of various subjects, was necessary when analyzing the activities of rural party members and Komsomol members, as well as to describe the differences in the effects of new household practices. As the main conclusion of the study, it should be highlighted that the functioning of various institutions of Soviet power in the Old Believers' environment of the BMASSR was focused on the external, material side of life (the creation of cultural and educational space, the foundations for a new, collective economic reality). The internal, ideological side of the ongoing changes, for the most part, has not yet found its manifestation in the work of the local ("Old Believers" in terms of personnel) Soviet power. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that archival information is introduced into scientific circulation, showing that the transformation of the Old Believer community of Buryatia is an internal process that does not directly relate (but indirectly related) to the active actions of the Soviet government.


Several methods for the detection of transcripts that are differentially expressed in various tissues or at various developmental stages have been developed. Among these, methods for the fingerprinting of mRNA using PCR have been shown to be convenient and efficient in many situations [1-4], and two previously published methods [5,6] employ the AFLP technology that was developed initially for the fingerprinting of genomic DNA [7]. For AFLP-based fingerprinting of DNA, genomic DNA is digested simultaneously with two restriction enzymes that recognize 6-bp and 4-bp sequences, respectively. The fragments were ligated to appropriate adapters and amplified with primers that anneal to the complementary sequences in the adapters. These primers have three selective nucleotides at their 3' ends and only the 5' end of the primer, which anneals to the adapters at the ends generated by enzyme that recognizes 6 bp, is labeled. This pattern of labeling reduces the complexity of bands during subsequent electrophoresis on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Application of AFLP technology to mRNA fingerprinting can be expected to have several intrinsic advantages [5,6,8] as compared to the differential display method with arbitrary primers, which is very sensitive to the reaction conditions and the quality of the template DNA [9-11]. However, one of the limitations of the AFLP-based fingerprinting of mRNA is the dependence upon the presence of the 6-bp recognition site of the restriction enzyme used, since such sites can be anticipated in only a small fraction of cDNA species. In this protocol, we show a modified protocol for the AFLP-based fingerprinting of mRNA using Taq I, which recognizes a 4-bp sequence (Fig.1). A combination of two primers, one with a single selective nucleotide at its 3' end and the other with three selective nucleotides at its 3' end and a radio-labeled 5' end, results in a clear and highly reproducible pattern of bands on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel (Fig.2). 1. Templates for analysis of AFLP


The objective of the research was to study Russian State and Orthodox church relations in the context of world war II and the early post-war years. The line of this article is due to the important role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the history, modern political and cultural life of Russia. In this sense, the period of State-Church relations in the USSR during world war II, known in Russia as a great patriotic war, is of great scientific interest because it was the time when the government was forced to make adjustments to its religion policy. Methodologically based on a wide range of documentary sources, the authors of the article have identified the place and role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the foreign policy of the USSR during the approach. In this sense, it is felt that the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in building relations with the allies of the anti-Hitler coalition and its place in the expansion of the Soviet political system in Eastern Europe was of paramount importance as a foreign policy factor.


The essay describes the DFSTW's exhaust equipment of direct air cooling turbine in which the round pipe has being used worldwide to replace the traditional square exhaust pipe.The round pipe with multiple functions has become a substitute product.By adopting some innovated technologies such as new support,limited device and regenerative technique of condensate,the exhaust equipment is widely used as standard configuration for direct air cooling units at home.


In order to accurately simulate the laser deep penetration welding process,a three-phase unification mathematical model of vapor phase,liquid phase and solid phase was established.The VOF(volume-of-fluid) method was employed to track free surfaces.Roles of surface tension,recoil pressure and thermal buoyancy were considered in the model.Dynamic process of keyhole and its corresponding temperature distributions were obtained by numerical modeling.The welding experiments on 304 stainless steel alloy show the calcutled results agree well with the experimental results.


Virtually every adult we met in China was a parent with a child in school. Thus, while the number of households we visited was small, we had many conversations centering on parenthood, the role of elders, and the problems associated with raising children. Although our discussions revealed that parents, grandparents, and members of the community all play a large part in the overall education of China's children, we were interested in the fact that these same individuals do not have a significant influence on the formal education their children receive inside the classroom. That is to say that members of families and communities govern students' informal, social education as it occurs whenever children are away from school; but their influence on such matters as curriculum, textbook and material selections, and teaching methodology is minimal. Our observations in the areas we toured and of the people we met led us to conclude that parental and community involvement is enlisted by the school system only to t...


In 1970 the state of Florida contained nine Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) for which population data were available at a census tract scale. These ranged in size from approximately 1.3 million for Miami to 103,000 for Tallahassee.


Real deformation modeling of soft tissue is a major difficulty in the development of virtual surgery. The solution of this difficulty requires in-depth research on the mechanical properties of soft tissue. This paper is devoted to the study of constitutive relations in soft tissue mechanical models: viscoelastic model and hyperelastic model. Through a series of experiments and calculations, the stability and applicability of various hyperelastic models were evaluated. The coefficients and exponents of Prony Series in viscoelastic generalized Maxwell model were calculated and optimized. Finally, tensile simulation was carried out based on the existing constitutive model. The results showed that the large intestine soft tissue data fitted by van der Waals model was stable and accurate; The viscoelasticity of large intestine has little influence on the whole stretching process. The viscoelasticity will replace hyperelasticity and dominate the whole stretching process when the viscosity reaches the current 100 times.


This paper deals with the meaning of phantasia in Plato's dialogues, taking into account the dialectical contexts in which different representations and opinions are examined and submitted to refutation: the gods' apparitions as pictured by the poets are not a good basis for the citizens' paideia ( Republic ), nor are the apparitions in perception solid knowledge ( Theaetetus ); the verbal images produced by the sophists are unsound ( Sophist ) and should, like the images projected on the liver ( Timaeus ), be the object of critical analysis and interpretation. Nevertheless, it is argued that, in the dialogues as a whole, phantasia is not, a priori , false.


This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the concept of fuzzy controller for voltage control or loss minimization. Cascading Mamdani controllers are used together with sensitivities derived after a fuzzy clustering process over voltage profiles. Three to four iteration steps with a Newton-Raphson power flow routine are enough to recover voltages into admissible bands, demonstrating the efficiency of the approach.


Open education is a new type of teaching mode in which students learn in their spare time and learn autonomously through multimedia resources provided by the internet,under the guidance of teachers,and on the basis of a variety of media.Importance should be attached to the cultivation of the students' autonomy.This paper discusses the connotation of autonomous learning,analyzes the necessity of autonomous learning and the present situation of the students' autonomous learning in open education,and expounds the preliminary conception of promoting effectively the students' learning autonomy from such aspects as changing outlook,stimulating motivation,cultivating competence,building system and providing human care.


Real-time, low-cost, and wireless mechanical vibration monitoring is necessary for industrial applications to track the operation status of equipment, environmental applications to proactively predict natural disasters, as well as day-to-day applications such as vital sign monitoring. Despite this urgent need, existing solutions, such as laser vibrometers, commercial Wi-Fi devices, and cameras, lack wide practical deployment due to their limited sensitivity and functionality. In this work, we propose and verify that a fully passive, resonance-based vibration processing device attached to the vibrating surface can improve the sensitivity of wireless vibration measurement methods by more than 10 times at designated frequencies. Additionally, the device realizes an analog real-time vibration filtering/labeling effect, and the device also provides a platform for surface editing, which adds more functionalities to the current non-contact sensing systems. Finally, the working frequency of the device is widely adjustable over orders of magnitudes, broadening its applicability to different applications.


This paper reviews several issues related to designing a well balanced 3D PC system. Where and how the 3D pipeline is partitioned between acceleration hardware and PC processor software, can dramatically effect the cost and performance of a PC 3D implementation. Selection of bus interfaces and how they are used further influences the partitioning of the pipeline between the host CPU and the 3D hardware. Memory architecture and bandwidth, as well as the 3D quality levels desired, also must be considered to optimize the design's efficiency.


Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause, mostly affecting children, in which complexes of IgA and components of complement are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules. It is characterized by nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura, abdominal pain, and arthritis. While renal involvement is well-known and frequent, scrotal involvement is uncommon and, therefore, not easy to be interpreted. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old boy hospitalized for HSP, presenting with bilateral acute scrotum, and discuss diagnosis and treatment.


Introduction * Energy Integration * Rolling Back Free Trade Agenda * Setting Independent Military Course * Culture Wars * South America: A New Political Bloc? * Popular Forces Pressure Regimes to Radicalize * South American Governments: How Revolutionary? * Conclusion: South America Shakes off U.S. Control


A mathematic model of characteristic of variable speed feedwater pump is built in this paper, according to the fundamental of pump, The energy equation and the characteristic curve provided by the manufacturer. The running state and the allowed operating range of the feedwater pump can be determined with the model. Moreover, the model is referential when regulating pump to work in safe and high efficiency range.


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This paper introduces the Raga Based Music Classification as a part of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) systems for retrieving musical information. The music has been more than just a sound that entertains us. MIR users like musicology researchers, musicians, music learners, music therapists, etc., require not just the sound but the actual strength of the music that controls our body, motivates us, cures mental illness, etc. The backbone of any form of music is its raga. A raga is a particular combination of notes with certain laws which, when carefully observed, preserves and safeguards their integrity and create wonders in music. The existing MIR systems and audio search engines concentrate on content based audio mining and not ragas. This paper discusses the classification of ragas and how it differs in Carnatic, Hindustani and Western musical forms. It also describes the various features that can be extracted from an audio data to represent a raga. Finally, we propose a system architecture to perform raga based classification of music.


Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents 90% to 95% of all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. It is classically regarded as an adult disease entity and has a high correlation with alcohol and tobacco consumption.[1][1] Oral SCC occurs in several well established intraoral sites, including


More and more persons are exposed to hypoxia while working at altitude, e.g. when working for cable cars or ski areas in the Alps, for business in South America or Asia, as airline crews, or in rooms with reduced oxygen pressure for hypoxia training or fire protection. Unfortunately, the different countries have a multitude of regulations for occupational health and safety concerning hypoxia – most of them with major deficiencies and a significant lack of knowledge about hypoxia and possible specific risks. So far, no national regulation differentiates the different types of hypoxia and the environment, both having significant influence on the specific risk profile of employees and consequences for occupational health and safety. As the world's umbrella body for preventive medicine at altitude / hypoxia, the Medical Commission of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA MedCom) recently established a recommendation to enable the national bodies to establish knowledge-based pragmatic procedures for occupational health and safety [1]. The most important message is as follows: Any environment with oxygen concentration of 14.0% or more or an altitude of 3,000 m or less is safe for any non-acclimatized person without severe cardiopulmonary disease (<NYHA III or CCS III), without severe anaemia (Hb >10 g/dl) and an exposure limited to a few hours (one work shift). These environments include most alpine cable cars, ski areas, aircrafts flying on long-range distances, most towns or villages where businessmen might go to, and rooms for fire protection. For longer exposure (sleep at high altitude) or higher environments the persons should be acclimatized or exposed for a short time only. Details how to manage health and safety in such environments are given.


The albumin-rich of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract (SHFE), has been developed as medicinal-food due to its antioxidant potential. This investigation was aimed to determining the effect of shelf life (1, 4 and 8 weeks) and temperatures (4°C; 30°C; 50°C) toward SHFE antioxidant capacity using tetramethoxy azobismethylene quinone (TMAMQ) enzymatic-based. The ascorbic acid was used as an antioxidant control. The fluctuated antioxidant capacities were found during different shelf life i.e. at temperature storage of. 4°C (4.17-6.49 µM); 30°C (7.72 -5.58 µM) and 50°C (6.60 - 6.11). Antioxidant capacity of SHFE was approximately 5.7 times higher than ascorbic acid which can to be a frame of reference for further in-vivo/in-vitro research of SHFE and its applications as a pharmaceutical food.


Most of the dams around the world were designed before the introduction of seismic regulations and without concerns about their dynamic behavior. The failure of a large gravity dam might have catastrophic effects putting at risk a large number of human lives, not counting the considerable economic consequences. Since there are no case histories of concrete gravity dams failed after seismic events, numerical models assume great importance for the evaluation of the seismic performance of such structures or to control them within a SHM framework. Several different sources of uncertainty are involved in numerical models of concrete gravity dams, their effects can be reduced by exploiting all available information about the structure. Ambient vibrations are an important source of information because they can be used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the structure. In this paper, a procedure, defined in the Bayesian framework, which allows calibrating the dynamic model parameters using ambient vibration is presented. Ambient vibrations are used to determine the modal characteristics of the system, by applying the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), which are used in the updating process. The use of meta models based on the general Polynomial Chaos Expansion (gPCE) and a modified version of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) allows both considering the SSI in the numerical model of the dam and solving the problem of coherence between experimental and numerical modes. Finally, the proposed procedure is applied to the case of an Italian dam showing the applicability to real cases.


In this paper, the model of cholera disease spread with quarantine is discussed. It is assumed that the spread of cholera not only through direct contact between susceptible human populations with bacteria but also through direct contact between susceptible human populations with infected human populations and reduced bacterial populations not only die naturally but can also be done by means of extermination bacteria. Determination of equilibrium points, existence and local stability of equilibrium points are investigated. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the results of the analysis.


Summary Long-term administration of DEN to adult Swiss mice for periods of up to 24 weeks resulted in intense bile duct proliferation, formation of hepatic nodules, some of which appeared to be hyperplastic, and foci of lymphocytic infiltration. No hep-atocellular carcinomas or well-defined hepa-tomas were found in these DEN-treated mice. The only tumors observed were one hemangioma, and in 2 sections, tissue suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma. The significant increases in hexobarbital sleeping times and the striking resistance to the hepa-totoxic effects of CC14 in DEN-treated mice indicated that long-term exposure to DEN resulted in a progressive inhibition of liver DMES activity. Phenobarbital administration concurrent with DEN prevented the decreases in hexobarbital sleeping times but did not alter the morphologic changes in the liver produced by DEN, at least at the light microscopic level.


By using the finite element technique, stress intensity factors have been obtained for finite rectangular plates and the results have been given for various h/a, W/a and L/W ratios. By using a three-dimensional isoparametric element, the problem has been considered as a three-dimensional one and the variation of stress intensity factor across the plate thickness has been found to be nonlinear.


PURPOSE: A display device equipped with a touch screen function, a touch position detecting method using the same, and a plasma display device thereof are provided to reduce cost by implement the touch screen function with light generated from an optical mechanism. CONSTITUTION: A first area of a display panel(100) includes a plurality of display cells for displaying an image. A second area includes a plurality of light emitting cells generating light different from the image while surrounding a part of the first area. A pair of cameras(C1,C2) are arranged around or near a display panel. The cameras are aligned to different crosswise directions crossing the display panel. The cameras are oriented to detect light output from the light emitting cell. An infrared blocking filter(130) is arranged at the front of a display area(P). An infrared passing filter(150) for selectively passing an infrared range is arranged at the front of camera.


Divorce is both a social & psychologicalprocess that would be completed in a long period of time and acomplera and multidimentional phenomenon. This process could differaccording to societies cultures and personal differences. Related with these differences, thereare many different theroies foesihted to ereplainthe period of divorce. As a psycho-socialprocess, divorce could be shoped with differentdynamics of eveney people. Crisses Theory,Mourning Theory and Erikson's psycho-socialDevelopment Theory howe strong relations withthe process of divorce. In the mourning theory,divorce is experienced as a loss like a periodafter the loss of a family member. Especially,when one of the family members is not ready forthe divorce or there is a disagreement betweenthem, this process would create a crisis. Inevery divorce process, these models or at leastone of these models could be lived clearly. Inthis study; the divorce process will be examinedwithin this framework


Based on the long experience of LASLA (Liege) and its Latin text data bank, tbis paper aims to exemplify the usefulness of lemmatization and morphological analysis for text corpus studies (occurrences queries, statistical lists and tests). Lemmatization brings linguistic accuracy of data and results, morphological analysis opens up richer directions. Limits of tbis melhod are the lack of syntactical analysis (parsing).


Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a disfiguring procedure, frequently associated with significant urogenital dysfunction. The aim of this prospective study was to repeatedly assess quality of life (QoL) 1, 6, and 12 months after APR.


An examination has been made of the results obtained by the Marshall test to determine the value of the test for the design of dense bituminous mixtures for road surfacings and for comparing their resistance to deformation.

It is shown that the optimum binder contents obtained from the density and stability curves are similar to those specified in B.S.594 for the driest schedules having the highest resistance to deformation and that the test would exclude those materials in the other schedules. In the absence of information on the relative deformation on roads of surfacings made with different types of bituminous material, simulative laboratory tests have been used to place compositions in order of resistance to deformation. Comparison of the results of the Marshall test with the Road Research Laboratory wheel-tracking tests shows that neither the stability nor the flow value provides a valid measure of the resistance to deformation of dense bituminous materials in common use. However, for rolled asphalts the ratio stability/flow correlates moderately well with the logarithm of the rate of tracking measured in the wheel-tracking machine; the correlation for dense tar surfacing compositions is poor. Comparison with the Hveem Stabilometer suggests that setting an upper limit on flow value is approximately equivalent to setting a lower limit on the internal friction. As with many mechanical tests, high Marshall stability values are promoted by high stone content, high viscosity of binder, rough-textured aggregate, not too low a filler content and good compaction.


In this paper, we present a new method for two-dimensional spectral estimation. This method is based on the extension of the relationship that exists between the maximum likelihood method and the maximum entropy method for one-dimensional signals to two-dimensional signals. This method has a computational requirement similar to that of the maximum likelihood method, but has a resolution property which is considerably better than that of the maximum likelihood method. Examples are shown to illustrate the performance of the new algorithm.


A Local electricity market (LEM) is a market place for trading the electricity produced and consumed locally while ensuring the security constraints of the distribution grid. Moreover, LEM acts as a mediator for participation of distributed local resources into the central electricity market (CEM) by facilitating the communication to CEM. However, effective utilization of local resources in the system necessitates effective coordination between the LEM operator (e.g., DSO) and the CEM operator (e.g., TSO) because these resources can potentially be used both locally and system-wide. In this paper, we review different coordination schemes in this regard. Coordination schemes are categorized as DSO leader, DSO follower and TSO-DSO iteration. Independent local market design with no coordination is also reviewed.


Konstantinos thank you for the comment. Various authors use the Chi-square ( χ 2) tests (Haktanir, 1991, Mamman et al. 2017, Szulczewski and Jakubowski, 2018) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) (Haktanir, 1991) in similar studies. Each of these tests has been extensively used to indicate the adequacy of the distribution functions being tested. Moreover, authors such as Beskow et al. (2015) and Cassalho et al. (2018) indicated the Relative Absolute Error (RAE) test, while others like Szulczewski and Jakubowski (2018) indicated the Mean absolute relative error (MARE) test as a goodness-of-fit tests. We studied the rarely used three-parameter distributions and the new GGEV distribution proposed by Nascimento et al. (2016). We wanted to show the results obtained with the χ 2 test and with the K-S test separately. This is very


The implementation of the generalized detector (GD) in cognitive radio (CR) systems allows us to improve the spectrum sensing performance in comparison with employment of the conventional detectors. We analyze the spectrum sensing performance for the uncorrelated and spatially correlated receive antenna array elements. Additionally, we consider a practical case when the noise power at the output of GD linear systems (the preliminary and additional filters) is differed by value. The choice of the optimal GD threshold based on the minimum total error rate criterion is also discussed. Simulation results demonstrate superiority of GD implementation in CR system as spectrum sensor in comparison with the energy detector (ED), weighted ED (WED), maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) detector, and generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector.


Objective To reveal the leading significance of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in formu-lating and optimizing antibacterial dosage regimen by investigating antibacterial utilization in respiratory apparatus in our hospital and to provide a basis for clinical rational administration.Methods Two hundred medical records of the inpatients in the Respiratory Department from January to December of 2004 were checked randomly.The following items were observed and counted: antibacterial categorya,pplicationd,osagep,athogenic bacteria detection,dosage regimena,nd inpatients characteristics.Results Quinolones and cephalosporins were ap-plied most frequently in the Respiratory Department in our hospital.It is reasonable to institute an antibacterial dosage regimen according to pathogenic bacteria and PK/PD(pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics).Conclusion It is important to collect and examine specimen before applying antibacterial drug and to formulate a dosage regimen according to pathogenic bacteria and PK/PD.


Imagine yourself in Times Square thirty years ago. Twenty-five-cent peep shows have sprung up all over the area, tucked into the corners and back rooms of small businesses and porno bookstores. Hundreds of curtained cubicles have arrived on the scene with the Supeme Court's new relaxed views on obscenity laws in place since 1966. It's the late 1960s, and you're watching a film projection with a light beam cast over your head and the shuffling sound of machinery located somewhere on the other side of the cubicle partition. This experience of compartmentalized privacy is something of a new thing for the porno shops of Times Square, evolving out of the distinct theater seat, where the outer edges of one's privacy are defined by the mutual negotiation of the shared armrest. It falls in place in the late 1960s, somewhere between a semiprivate bathroom stall and a voting booth, a modern structure to be alternately built upon and transgressed in the decades to come. Outside, the "crossroads of the world" retains its famous veneer. In recounting architectural photographer Cervin Robinson's commissioned views of Times Square, Ada Louise Huxtable writes:


Most South African teenagers have sex for the first time at the age of 14 or 15 and half of all todays 15-year-olds in South Africa and Zimbabwe will eventually die of Aids. This was the grim picture painted at a seminar hosted on Thursday in Pretoria by the Department of Social Development and the Human Sciences Research Council where findings of a study on fertility in South Africa were made public. The meeting was also told that although South Africas birth rate had declined by an average of 15 percent a year over the past 10 years teenage pregnancy figures were still alarmingly high. (excerpt)


After new China was established,it is worth paying attention to the developing process,achievement,problems and the intending tendency on sixty years of philosophy of technology in China by the academic circle.This article divide the Chinese philosophy of technology to two periods.At first,we have a historical description for the 30 years' Philosophy of technology after the new China established,and more we have a actuality commentated and statistic analyse about the philosophy of technology after the China's reforming and opening up.Thus point out the thesis we need to further discuss,and the intending towards on sixty years of philosophy of technology in China.


Stephen Luntz visits Cambridge University to interview four scientists awarded generous Federation Fellowships to continue their work in Australia, but finds reservations about the program.


Please supply the full abstract of your thesis. If you have a variant abstract, please use 'add variant abstract' to provide this.


The Aim of this study is to find out Problem in Love in Cecily von Ziegesarâs Novel. Through this research, the writer wants to explain the Love and the Problem of Love in Gossip Girl by Cecily von Ziegesar. This is a descriptive analytical study. The writer uses two kinds of data, the primary data are taken from Cecily von Ziegesarâs Novel. While the secondary data are taken from references in the libraries and references from internet. The result of this study, In This Novel describes Love of Three main characters and The Problem in Love in Gossip Girl such as Infidelity. The cause of Infidelity in Love, there are: Misunderstanding, Affair, Dishonest, Boring, Over protective,Jealous,Fight.and the effect of infidelity in love will make someone break off and stay away of couple.


The Authors analyze the use of an orthogonal convolutional code to obtain an encoded pulse-position-modulation (PPM) format directly as the encoder output. It is shown that the performance of this coding scheme exceeds the results obtained with block codes over a wider range, achieving good performances on the range 2-3 nats/photon, and a much slower degradation of over 3 nats/photon. Using a concatenated Reed-Solomon code with a proper rate as an outer code, the performance of the overall system is further improved, achieving good performances in the range 3-4 nats/photon.<<ETX>>


Streams commonly respond to base‐level fall by localizing erosion within steepened, convex knickzone reaches. Localized incision causes knickzone reaches to migrate upstream. Such migrating knickzones dictate the pace of landscape response to changes in tectonics or erosional efficiency and can help quantify the timing and source of base‐level fall. Identification of knickzones typically requires individual selection of steepened reaches: a process that is tedious and subjective and has no efficient means to measure knickzone size. We construct an algorithm to automate this procedure by selecting the bounds of knickzone reaches in a χ‐space (drainage‐area normalized) framework. An automated feature calibrates algorithm parameters to a subset of knickzones handpicked by the user. The algorithm uses these parameters as consistent criteria to identify knickzones objectively, and then the algorithm measures the height, length, and slope of each knickzone reach. We test the algorithm on 1, 10, and 30 m resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of six catchments (trunk‐stream lengths: 2.1–5.4 km) on Santa Cruz Island, southern California. On the 1 m DEM, algorithm‐selected knickzones confirm 93% of handpicked knickzone positions (n = 178) to a spatial accuracy of ≤100 m, 88% to an accuracy within 50 m, and 46% to an accuracy within 10 m. Using 10 and 30 m DEMs, accuracy is similar: 88–86% to ≤100 m and 82% to ≤50 m (n = 38 and 36, respectively). The algorithm enables efficient regional comparison of the size and location of knickzones with geologic structures, mapped landforms, and hillslope morphology, thereby facilitating approaches to characterize the dynamics of transient landscapes.


Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia (LEM) is a rare autoimmune disorder associated with debilitating muscle weakness. There are limited treatment options and 3,4‐diaminopyridine (3,4‐DAP) free base is an investigational orphan drug used to treat LEM‐related weakness. We performed a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis using 3,4‐DAP and metabolite concentrations collected from a phase II study in patients with LEM. The Triple Timed Up & Go (3TUG) assessment, which measures lower extremity weakness, was the primary outcome measure. A total of 1,270 PK samples (49 patients) and 1,091 3TUG data points (32 randomized patients) were included in the PK/PD analysis. A two‐compartment and one‐compartment model for parent and metabolite, respectively, described the PK data well. Body weight and serum creatinine partially explained the variability in clearance for the final PK model. A fractional inhibitory maximum effect (Emax) model characterized the exposure‐response relationship well. The PK/PD model was applied to identify a suggested dosing approach for 3,4‐DAP free base.


This paper studies and discusses on the problem of enterprise's human resource informatization under the environment of ERP,and based on analyzing the targets of the human resource informatization construction,this paper points out the problems and disadvantages existing in enterprise's human resource informatization construction,puts forward some problems needing attention in the informatization construction,and looks forward to its future developing direction of e-HR.


With the demand for radiological investigations in the National Health Service already at a very high level and increasing at the rate of 5 to 10% per annum (Editorial, British Medical Journal 1977), a prospective study was carried out to determine the value of diagnostic radiology in an Accident and Emergency Department and to assess the clinicians' attitude to the value of the radiograph. An incidental outcome of the survey demonstrated correlation between the findings of the clinician in the Accident and Emergency Department and the reports of the radiologist who reviewed the x-rays.


Distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules during mitochondrial division to daughter mitochondria in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum has been determined by light and electron microscope autoradiographical studies. The plasmodium was incubated in a [3H]-thymidine solution during the mtDNA synthetic period (mS) to preferentially label one strand each of the mtDNA molecules. Distribution of the labeled strand on successive first and second rounds of replication and division ina nonradioactive medium was determined by quantitative light microscope autoradiographic technique. Results showed that silver grains were always distributed equally over the dividing dumbbell-shaped mitochondrion. Inaddition, the distribution frequency of the grain counts over the mitochondria followed a Poisson distribution, and the mean value decreased on mitochondrial division. We conclude that mtDNA molecules are distributed at random, but that an equal amount is divided between two daughter mitochondria. Electron microscope autoradiograms of dumbbell shaped and daughter mitochondria showed that the equal distribution of mtDNA molecules could be ascribed to an equal distribution of the mitochondrial nucleus.


We studied the Tiringueo section from the San Lucas Formation, located in the state of Michoacan, SW Mexico. The section is a flysch sequence consisting of a rhythmic deposit of shale, siltstone, and fine to medium graded sandstone interbedded with limestone. The sequence contains ammonites, foraminifera and radiolarians. The biostratigraphic analysis, based on the planktonic foraminifera and ammonites, permitted the recognition of the biostratigraphic units established on both fossil groups, for first time in SW Mexico. Although the planktonic foraminifera are scarce and poorly preserved, some important events such as the first occurrence of Hedbergella similis, Globigerinelloides blowi and Globigerinelloides aptiensis were correlated with the ammonite zones. By means of these foraminiferal events, the Zones of Hedbergella similis and Globigerinelloides blowi partim (early and late Barremian) were identified. The faunal assemblage and distinctive lithological characteristics suggest that the San Lucas Barremian sequence was deposited in pelagic conditions.


Abstract A retrospective study of tuberculosis patients receives treatment at Hangdong Hospital, Chiang Mai between October 1st, 2001 to September 30th , 2004. They are 252 cases, 186 male (73.8%) and 66 female (26.2 %), average age was 47.3 (3-89 years). Sputum Direct- Smear positive at the beginning of treatment 43.3% (109 cases). HIV coinfection was 89 cases (35.3 %), average age was 34.5 years and was founded that lower than in non HIV group (54.3 years). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was founded in HIV coinfection group more than in non HIV group. The result of treatment were cure and complete 151 cases (59.9 %), default 16 cases(6.3%), death 78 cases (31 .0 %). At the end of treatment, cure rate and complete rate in HIV co-infection group less than non HIV group. The result of this study can be used in planning for improvement of tuberculosis treatment program. Key words : Tuberculosis, HIV Prevalence, treatment success rate


The paper first introduces the conception and characteristics of Augmented Reality summarily,indi- cates that vision conformity is the most significant problem of AR.Then the architecture of AR system together with the function and corresponding key technologies of each part are presented.Based on above,display technology and registration methods are discussed among all the key technologies;and emphasized on registration technology,the pa- per presents the characteristics and applications of different registration methods such as sensor-based registration, vision-based registration and hybrid registration.Finally,a brief summary of the current situation and future trend of augmented reality is presented.


We present a new model for the the kink effect in InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs. The model suggests that the kink is due to a threshold voltage shift which arises from a hole pile-up in the extrinsic source and an ensuing charging of the surface and/or the buffer-substrate interface. The model captures many of the observed behaviors of the kink, including the kink's dependence on bias, time, temperature, illumination, and device structure. Using the model, we have developed a simple equivalent circuit, which reproduced well the kink's dc characteristics, its time evolution in the nanosecond range, and its dependence on illumination.


FIELD: printing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multi-layer materials, such as paper, cardboard or nonwoven fabric having surface suitable for printing text or graphics, consisting of the base fabric and a layer of the identification made in the form of a luminescent covering layer containing sensitive to UV light identification agent. There is at least one covering layer on the basis fabric coated. Surface profile of identification layer, which corresponds essentially to the natural formation of the base fabric and surface profile of the other covering layers, possibly coated on top of the base fabric in such a way that ensured the identification layer of variable thickness, for example by the method of doctor blade knife coating, so that the covering layer in the areas of the identification layer meeting the ridges of base fabric, coated finer than in the areas of the base fabric furrows. Layer of identification mainly covers the entire surface of the underlying paper, cardboard or nonwoven fabric. Layer of identification is breaking with respect to its intensity in response to UV light, due to changes in the thickness of the coating layer, causing cloud-like appearance. EFFECT: high degree of counterfeit protection of the declared material, with the simplicity of its identification. 26 cl, 2 dwg


Diamond is the hardest of gems, and Cebuanos may be the hardest-headed race the world over!!! Quote and quote, I am not the one who originally coined this term, so please do not crucify me with your criticisms.


Parameters of the Al-SiO2-Si(n) system with oxide thickness in the range from 2.5 nm to 4.5 nm are determined by fitting theoretical to expe-rimental current-voltage characteristics. The Si-SiO2 barrier height decreases while the electron effective mass in SiO2 and the oxide effective charge increase with decreasing the oxide thickness.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various athletics methodologies in the works of Homeros in order to develop an understanding of the social milieu and the necessity of sports related values in classical Greek culture. The two main competitive values of heroism and arete(the virtue of being the best a person can be)are found in the athletics works of Homeros and help us to understand the importance of virtue and honor in Greek culture. First, analysis if Homer`s works show that the types of sports, the clothes worn, and the inherent danger of these activities are directly correlated to the importance of game activity in the development of the skills and the strength needed for battle. The relationship between games and welfare is a crucial element of the classical Greek social milieu. Secondly, specific games, such as, the `funeral` game show specific social values. The `funeral` game in Iliad showed the Greek value of sharing the spoils of war and comforting the dead heroes who had fallen in battle. Receiving the prizes in the game was a method of sharing `honor. The kings and noblemen in Homeric society participated in both war and sport for honor(the highest value in classical Greek culture). Other games, such as, `Welcoming Guests` showed the social rules involved in courtesy and hospitality. While the `courtship` game shows that the best ruler was the one who, during times of war, was clever and prominent and at the same time a good spouse. These games show many heroic features of classical Greek social life. Finally, arete, the Greek virtue of "reaching your highest human potential was pursued through fair competitions. A talented person was said to have arete. The heroes of Homeros always did their best and tried their best to `outdo` other competitors. This struggle to `be the best a person can be` was a key social trait. Participation in athletics was a way to test and show off superior ability. In this manner, sports games in the works of Homeros illustrate the opportunities for individuals to pursue their own arete. Sports and gaming activities were an important component of the lives of Homer`s heroes. In Iliad, the heroes saw honor as a serious matter while in other works of Homeros, arete, or the desire to be the best, was a common goal. The character of a hero is shown through emphasis on fair competition, honor, pursuing superior ability, and moderate behavior. These features influenced the development of the ancient Olympic games. In addition they formed the mental foundation for Greek sports games. Thus, this study illustrates that the Greek desire for virtue and honor is in stark contrast to the modern emphasis on victory at any cost.


In a semiconductor packaging process, the warpage greatly has influenced the reliability of the package as well as the workability. The strip warpage in FBGA package result from the structure of constitutes and the thermal mismatch by the thermo-mechanical properties such as CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) and Modulus of EMC, substrate, chip and adhesive materials. Therefore, the optimization of material properties and the package structure design has been needed by the numerical analysis. In this research, temperature dependent nonlinear thermal analysis was performed with the high temperature material properties and the result was compared with the actual measurement value. Optimization analysis of the strip warpage was also conducted. The main factors of the strip warpage were selected by DOE(Design of Experiment) process, and then the optimum conditions of design variables were obtained. Lastly, through the reliability analysis, the tolerances of design variables which can satisfy the limited conditions were proposed. Introduction With the packaging product becomes thinner and smaller, the package warpage becomes more important. Because FBGA packages are molded by EMC, they are susceptible to thermo-mechanical stresses that can cause the strip warpage. Mismatches in thermal expansion coefficients of the package constituents create the internal stresses that cause the entire strip to warp[1]. Asymmetries in the internal structure also contribute to strip warpage. Warpage is especially generated during cooling process from mold temperature to room temperature. The molding temperature is usually about 1751, which is over Tg (glass transition temperature) of EMC, therefore the mechanical properties of the EMC change severely in this step. Analysis using elastic model was used for its simplest reasonable modeling and its ease of calculation. This elastic modeling, however, has some limitations in not considering the temperature dependency of material properties[2-3]. Recently, viscoelastic model that can express actual dependency of temperature has been used. This modeling requires much more computing times and has difficulty in measuring the material properties[4]. The ANSYS PDS (Probabilistic Design System) analyzes a model involving uncertain input parameters such as geometry, material properties, boundary conditions, etc. The variations of these input parameters are defined as random input variables and are characterized by their distribution type and by their distribution parameters. During a probabilistic analysis, the random output parameters are computed as a function of the set of random input variables[5]. In this research, the strip warpage analysis process of FBGA package was studied considering nonlinear characteristic of EMC. Also, optimization and reliability analysis were conducted in series. Thermo-mechanical Characteristics FBGA package usually consists of the following constituents; substrate, adhesive, chip and EMC. For the strip warpage of FBGA, it is known that EMC is a most dominant constituent[6]. In this study, to Key Engineering Materials Online: 2007-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 334-335, pp 385-388 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.334-335.385 © 2007 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-12/03/20,16:27:52) improve the limitation of elastic model for time-dependency of properties, when the mechanical properties were measured, the degree of cure in EMC molding process was considered. The degree of cure at molding temperature, 1751, was calculated from thermal analysis by DSC (Different Scanning Calorimeter). The heating rate 10 1/min was used from 251 to 2501, and the n-th order model of cure kinetics was obtained with experiment data from Eq. (1) as following: n A n RT E Z k dt d ) 1 )( exp( ) 1 ( 1 α α α − − = − = (1) whereα is the degree of cure, Z is the Arrhenious frequency factor, A E is the activation energy and R is the universal gas constant. By integrating n-th order cure kinetics equation, it is known that the degree of cure is 85 % at the cure time 80 sec. Therefore, the thermo-mechanical properties of 85 % cured EMC were used as the data of strip warpage analysis. The elastic modulus, in case of EMC, was measured by 3-point bending test which has been performed by a universal testing machine (UTM; LLOYD, LR-10K). And the Tg and CTE were measured by a thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) machine increasing the temperature at the rate of 5 /min from 20 to 300 . The substrate is the composite composed of three or four materials. The two layer structure is usually made up of lamination the SR (Solder Resist), copper and core. Table 1 shows the thermo-mechanical properties of the SR, Copper and core. Applying the all layers to analysis causes the creation of many elements and the increase of analysis time. Therefore, the effective elastic modulus and CTE can be approximated as following[8];


collected consisting Regression analysis resulted in two equations for predicting total carbon storage based on height and diameter of trees up to 20 cm dbh : Y = 0.05836 (dbh 2 ) for root carbon storage, and Y = 0.0305 (dbh 2 × h) 0.9499 for aboveground carbon storage, explaining 97% and 96% of the variation, respectively. Average carbon stored in roots of various cultivars ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 kg for smaller trees, those 3.8 to 6.4 cm dbh, to more than 10.4 kg for trees 14 to 19.7 cm dbh. Average total carbon stored by cultivars ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 kg for trees less than 6.4 cm dbh to 54.5 kg for trees larger than 14 cm. The data from these equations apply mainly to trees in nurseries and recently transplanted trees. Comparisons showed that aboveground estimates from previous studies using a sampling technique overestimated values obtained from actual above-ground weights. (Urban For. Urban Green. 2003. 2:065–072)


The term "male climacteric" has been applied to a syndrome in males of the 45-60 age group who complain of loss of vigor, easy fatigability, decrease in libido or potentia, difficulty in urination with signs of prostatism, hot flushes and loss of concentration and self-confidence. The syndrome was described by Werner (1) in the late 1930's and by others (2) shortly thereafter. It was considered analogous to the female menopause, and probably caused by sex steroid hormone deficiency. The patients were treated with male sex hormones, and improvement in symptoms was reported. These studies, however, did not include any double-blind controls nor any objective measurements for judging the clinical effectiveness of testosterone therapy. No specific methods were available for testing pituitary-gonadal function. Therefore, the existence of the male climacteric as a true syndrome resulting from a decline in testicular function has remained in dispute for the past thirty years. Yet the possibility that declining vigor and sexual function, as well as other old-age changes, are related to a decrease in sex steroid hormone production had been suspected for many years before Werner's definition of the male climacteric. Wishful thinking rather than good scientific investigation has characterized past research in this area. One of the classic examples is the story of Brown-Sequard, an eminent French physiologist of the late 1800's, who felt that male hormone treatment would restore his youthfulness. He proceeded to make an extract of bull testicles with saline (not realizing that testosterone is insoluble in such a medium). Then he injected the extract into himself. He proclaimed before distinguished scientific gatherings that for a few days after such an injection he experienced increased vitality and vigor. His audiences were quite impressed. Unfortunately, he soon lapsed into his pre-existing state of relative senescence and died shortly thereafter, in humiliation, the laughing stock of the French scientific community. It is, therefore, of great importance to re-examine the question of the male climacteric and the physiological sex hormone changes that occur with aging. Precise techniques are now available for assessing testicular function. The findings provide a basis for deciding whether or not such a syndrome as the male climacteric (a) is psychogenic or functional, (b) is secondary to organic endocrine changes, or (c) reflects other biochemical and physiological changes which underlie the aging process.


The present study examined whether maladaptive perfectionism (i.e., discrepancy between expectations and performance) and length of time in the United States moderated the association between acculturative stress and depression. Data were collected through online surveys from 189 Chinese international students from China and Taiwan attending a midwestern university. Results from a hierarchical regression showed that there were significant main effects of acculturative stress and maladaptive perfectionism on depression, no significant two-way interactions, and a significant three-way interaction, indicating that acculturative stress, maladaptive perfectionism, and length of time in the United States interacted to predict depression. Low maladaptive perfectionism buffered the effect of acculturative stress on depression only for those who had been in the United States for a relatively longer period of time. Implications for counseling and future research directions are discussed.


OBJECTIVE
We present a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) related autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and lymphadenopathy. AIHA as a serious complication of SLE, requiring urgent appropriate management. The timely differential diagnosis between SLE with lymphadenopathy and lymphoma, primary and SLE-related AIHA often looms as practical challenge under clinical scenario. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) performed for fever of a known origin and for possible malignancy, showed increased (18)F-FDG uptake in lymph nodes, as well as increased spleen uptake, which was probably due to lymphoma.

CONCLUSIONS
A symmetrically increased (18)F-FDG uptake in small lymph nodes with multiple serous cavity effusion helped the differential diagnosis between SLE related AIHA and lymphoma. In addition, PET/CT can visualize not only the degree of disease activity or the "burden of inflammation" but also the distribution of the disease in the entire body.


Eight-year-old Tielitou variety was used as experimental material to improve the rate of pistillate of Chinese chestnut.The length and diameter of shoots,length and width of leaves, number of staminte and pistillate per shoot and the length of spike were determined by spraying GA 3,6-BA,ethylene on leaves during the period of flower differentiation.The results show that the number of pistillate is increased and the rate of staminte to pistillate is reduced significantly by spraying GA 3 50,100 mg/L and 6-BA 100 mg/L.Ethylene obviously prevents the pistillate differentiation of Chinese chestnut.Three consistency treatment results in no pistillate.Low concentration treatment promotes the development of staminte ,while high concentration treatment restrains the development of staminte.


Abstract : The design of a 50-inch-diameter, continuous-flow, Mach 10-12 wind tunnel, currently operating at Mach 10 only, is described and related operational experience discussed. The tunnel is equipped with an axisymmetric, contoured nozzle and with a fast model injection/retraction system. Control and data readout systems are described.


The aim of this paper is to find out the causes of the error patterns of listening and pronunciation in L2-Korean on neutral, fortis and aspirated stops in Chinese. All participants responded the questionnaires and they listen and utter Korean. The target of the consonants are collected and analyzed. Different groups of participants took part in the experiment: Korean speaking level, male and female. Through the experiment I analysis the frequencies of errors, and results indicate that there are three significant problems. First, When it comes to listening and pronunciation, the highest frequency of error is the fortis sound. Second, it is often confused to listen and pronounce among neutral, fortis and aspirated stops. And third, If they had not corrected their errors at the beginning stage, their problems would have been fossilized. This study shows two alternative solutions of education as to work out these problems based on the results of the survey. One is visual effective teaching method of Korean which show how different triple stops are. The other is tactile effective teaching method of Korean which makes them recognize laryngeal tension by touching with their fingers, when they say the fortis sound. Through this alternative solution of education, they can improve their pronunciation habit, which is not exist in Chinese pronunciations. (Kyungpook National University)


Cultivation of students' IT practice and innovation capacities is an important aspect of higher learning institutes' educational reform. As one of important teaching links IT practice teaching plays a key role in training high-quality IT application talents for the modernization construction. The paper starts from strengthening financial major students' IT application capacities and makes a research in construction and reform of IT practice teaching base in higher learning institutes of finance with an emphasis on expounding the reform in construction of experimental teaching environment, practice teaching contents and methods and exploring the main methods and their effects in new talent cultivation models in higher learning financial institutes.


The structure of the title complex was determined by the single-crystal X-ray-diffraction method. It is triclinic, with the space group P\bar1; the cell constants were a=12.529(2), b=15.044(4), c=10.063(1) A, α=104.15(2), β=98.73(1), and γ=87.16(2)°; Z=1, and the final R value was 0.053. The central metal atom is in a tricapped trigonal-prism geometry and is ennea-coordinated with seven oxygen atoms of the carboxylate ligands and with each oxygen atom of one water and one ethanol molecule. The complex is dimeric and the metal atoms are bridged with four carboxylate ions; two of them act as bidentates, and the other two, as tridentates, where one oxygen atom is coordinated to both metal atoms. The other carboxylate ion makes a chelate ring with each metal atom. The dimer is connected through hydrogen bondings to the atoms on both sides along the c-axis.


ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and predictors of aggressive behavior among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors at 6, 24, and 60 months postdischarge. DesignMixed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a 5-year follow-up study of discharged TBI patients analyzed retrospectively. SettingA specialized Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service of a tertiary referral hospital. PatientsTwo hundred twenty-eight (228) patients with moderate to severe TBI. Main Outcome MeasuresThe Overt Aggression Scale; injury-related variables (in particular, Glasgow Coma and Outcome scales and posttraumatic amnesia duration); and a battery of postdischarge questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Trauma Complaints List, General Health Questionnaire, etc). ResultsAt any given follow-up period, 25% of the participants were classified as aggressive. Aggression, where present, was consistently associated with depression, concurrent traumatic complaints, younger age at injury, and low satisfaction with life rather than with injury, demographic, or premorbid characteristics. Depression was the factor that was most significantly associated with aggressive behavior at all times postinjury, followed by a younger age at the time of injury. ConclusionsAggression is a common, fluctuating, and long-term problem following TBI. The underlying association between aggression and psychosocial variables lends support to the provision of ongoing outreach services and psychological and behavioral interventions for all affected TBI survivors.


taking as its starting point the assertion that the representations of black culture are multipurpose and result both of a process of reinvention of Africa, as well as the interaction of these subjects with other cultures. From this assumption, an approach is made considering that in the carnival scene, your representations take place along two dimensions: an aesthetic that is the expression of black culture elements without a political speech so previously organized and planned around what it is and a political order whose actions are guided from a discourse constructed in a manner designed around the ethnic affirmation, black consciousness, protest, complaint and claim for racial equality.


The RC amplifier filter has many advantages over its passive RLC counterpart for low-audio frequency or narrow-band applications. The major disadvantage to an active filter has been its sensitivity to component tolerance and drift, particularly where high Q's are involved. A design method is presented which optimizes transmission stability when the probable "drift" (tolerances, temperature and aging effects, tracking errors) in each circuit parameter is known. Design equations are derived for a group of two-pole networks with external zeros. Two experimental high-Q filters are discussed including a continuously tunable four-pole filter which has attenuation of 80 db at twice and at one-half center frequency.


Abstract

D

ue to a growing interest in scenarios, and considerable investment in the EFL contexts, the current study examines the relationship between scenarios and language learning with particular reference to critical speaking skills. It provides a semi detailed review of literature on scenarios: definitions, pedagogical approaches, elements, types, objectives, characteristics of good scenarios, and creating scenarios. It reports on scenarios in EFL contexts shedding light on language teaching, authentic learning and knowledge management, ending with the practical use of scenarios in education. Under the title that reads critical speaking skills, the researcher documented some attempts  for developing critical speaking skills – that he could reach. For integrating scenarios and critical speaking skills, the study provides some guiding teaching scenario-based situations, followed by discussion for implications for applied linguistics. And finally, the study ends with the conclusions reached, some recommendations to be considered, and some suggestions for further research.


In this paper we focus on solving the graph problem of the spanning distribution forest of a power network (SDFPN). The interest for the SDFPN comes from the fact that it well represents practical problems related to the partitioning of power distribution systems. It is closely related to the problem of maximal partitioning of supply demand graphs (MPGSD) and the capacitated spanning forest (CSF) problem that are used for modeling similar real-world systems. It has an advantage, compared to these problems, that it incorporates constraints related to ampacity, radiality, and the balance of consumption/generation in a partition. In this work, a mixed integer program (MIP) is developed for finding optimal solutions for the SDFPN. Next, a greedy constructive algorithm is designed for finding feasible solutions for large problem instances at low computational costs. In the computational experiments, we evaluate the size of graphs that can be solved to optimality using the MIP. The solutions acquired in this way are used to assess the performance of the proposed greedy algorithm.


Studies of the territorial breeding system of Cyprinodon pecosensis at Bottomless Lakes State Park, New Mexico revealed that male reproductive mating success was affected by (a) the topographic features of a territory, and (b) the intensity of male breeding coloration. The importance of male nuptial coloration was demonstrated by increased male reproductive success with intensity of colour of the same individual males ('light', 1.6 females mated per h; 'dark', 5.4 females mated per tl). A stepwise multiple regression analysis of male reproductive success as a function of breeding substrate, nuptial colour, size and agonistic behaviour indicated that topographic complexity accounted for as much as 65.4 % of the variance in male reproductive success and coloration accounted for at least an additional 12.7 % of the variance. Male size and agonistic behaviour together explained only an additional 1.8 700 of the variance in reproductiye success, and thus were fairly unimportant as indicators of female choice. A high correlation between nuptial colour and reproductive success indicates that females choose males independent of the quality of their territories. For resource-based polygynous breeding systems, male access to females is determined by control of a resource essential to female reproduction, such as oviposition sites (Campanella & Wolf 1974; Emlen & Oring 1977; Borgia 1979; Lenington 1980). For such breeding systems male fitness is positively correlated with the quality of resource held and with the ability to defend it from competing males. Male-male competition should be an important selective pressure in the evolution of those male characteristics that facilitate acquisition and defence of such resources. Female choice of male characteristics also may be important in enhancing male fitness (Barlow 1968; Weatherhead and Robertson 1979; Downhower and Brown 1980; Wittenberger 1981). In several studies of polygynous breeding systems, male reproductive success, which is an operational estimator of male fitness, was correlated with certain parameters that were assumed to be accurate indicators of resource quality (Orians 1969; Thornhill 1979; Lenington 1980). However, the importance of male characteristics in addition to, or independent of resource quality cannot readily be determined in most breeding systems, especially if differences in secondary sexual characteristics among males are so small that female choice would be difficult to demonstrate. Studying a breeding system where there is variation in the quality of essential resources, in the characteristics of males, and in the size of breeding aggregates, we can determine some common denominators of female preference, and we can better understand the role of sexual selection in the evolution of a polygynous resource-based breeding system. Here I examine reproductive success of males of Cyprinodon pecosensis as a function of the physical features of the breeding habitat, the personal characteristics of individual males, and the size of breeding aggregates. The Breeding System Cyprinodon are small fish that inhabit physically rigorous environments that typically contain few other fish species. Adults range in size between 20 and 50 mill standard length. Sexes are dimorphic, males are deeper bodied with steeper dorsal profiles than females. Both sexes are olive-brown with a series of dark lateral stripes, except that reproductively active males develop a brilliant blue nuptial coloration and prominent orange-yellow pectoral fins. Both sexes are promiscuous and breed with many partners. In the population I studied, virtually all reproduction takes place on male territories. Territories are established on substrates with some topographic heterogeneity (Kodric-Brown 1977). Gravid females visit these territories, spawn with the resident male after a brief courtship and deposit a small number of demersal eggs. Cyprinodon lack direct parental care of eggs and young, although the aggressive behaviour of the resident male provides indirect protection for the eggs from conspecific cannibals and heterospecific predators (Liu 1969; Loiselle, personal communication). Although pupfish are capable of breeding when only 20 mm long, most territorial males are larger (25 to 45 mm


Recently, the risk of fatal falls among the elderly has grown. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), falls are a substantial contributor to both fatal and non-fatal injuries. Slipping and falling may appear innocent, but they can cause serious injuries or even death in elderly people. To make fall prevention commonplace, the CDC launched the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries campaign. The systems underlying bodily action and idleness differ, and they are not effectively maintained. Additionally, exercise largely avoids accidents, so take precautions. We are building a system where the patient's whole activity is tracked using a sophisticated accelerometer sensor, and where the patient's predetermined alert can be identified and alerts can be sent to the patients. A body-mounted sensor is used in this instance. Devices for tracking motion that meet the high performance, low cost, and low power needs of smart wearable sensors. In this, the data processing unit is provided the decided data. People have been subjected to the sample test, in which different gestures are present and used to explore the actions of the body while using samples of data from the


This paper focuses on the nonlinear interaction between a surface quasi-geostrophic buoyancy filament and an internal vortex. We first revisit the stability of an isolated buoyancy filament. The buoyancy profile considered is continuous and leads to a continuous velocity field, albeit one with infinite shear just outside its edge. The stability properties of an isolated filament help to interpret the unsteady interaction with a sub-surface (internal) vortex studied next. We find that, in all cases, the filament breaks into billows, analogous in form to those occurring in Kelvin–Helmholtz shear instability. For intense buoyancy filaments, the vortex itself may undergo strong deformations, including being split into several pieces. Generally, the nonlinear interaction causes both the filament and the vortex to lose their respective "self"-energies to the energy of interaction. The flow evolution depends sensitively on whether the vertical vorticity of the filament and the vortex have the same or opposite signs – termed "cooperative" and "adverse" shear respectively. In cooperative shear, the filament rolls up into a coherent surface eddy above a vortex initially placed below it, whereas in adverse shear, buoyancy is expelled above the vortex. Although sufficiently great shear induced by the buoyancy filament may split the vortex in both cases, adverse shear is significantly more destructive.


The invention relates to a device 1 for testing a circuit 2 formed of a printed circuit board 3 on which are assembled the components 5, dummy Preferably, by brazing 7 of the joints, comprising - an enclosure 8 for subjecting the circuit 2 to a history of thermo-mechanical stresses and / or vibration, - a hardware part 9 having the bridges 10 of electrical resistors 11, 12, - a software portion 13 16-23 having means for setting a representative detection criterion of degradation of one or more braze joints, and to visualize the results of the test, - an input / output interface 14 for converting each electric resistance measuring 12 chains solder joints tested in an exploitable given by part software, - 24-29 adjusting means for changing a criterion of detection of degradation of the brazed joints.


The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, worldwide, three million people die annually due to the effects of air pollution. This represents a tripling of deaths per year result from automobile accidents. With the increasing technological advancement becomes very important to monitor levels of air pollutants. Thus, in the Japanese city of Kyoto, was established called the Kyoto Protocol effectively in 1997, where Eighty-four countries were willing to join and signed, thereby committing itself to implement measures aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions weathering. The relationship of the transportation sector to climate change and global warming have sparked unimaginable experiences about twenty years. Currently scientists are finding themselves faced with daunting environmental phenomena and clearly visible to the whole planet, directly or indirectly, and anticipate in the search for a model of strategic action that minimizes the effect of climate over land and ensures the survival of this and future generations.


This new species is identified among the specimens collected from northern mountainousregion of Shanxi Province during the last few years. The types are kept in first author's labo-ratory. Delia mastigophalla sp. nov. (figs. 1--4) This new species is closely related to the Delia longicauda (Strobl, 1898), but it differsfrom the latter in the following aspects: peristomal bristles 2--3 rows, height of bucca about1/5 that of an eye; mid tibia with one anteroventral bristle, hind tibia without posteroventralbristle; cerci wider in basal half, surstylus sharping apically in posterior view, distiphalluswhip-like and longer than surstylus. Holotype , Kelan, Shanx (39°N, 112°E, 2000m), July 17, 1988, coll. by Wang Ming-fu and Li Wen-yan. Paratypes 15 , same data as holotype.


Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) and bistable electroactive polymers (BSEP) both require compliant electrodes with rubbery elasticity and high conductivity at large strains. Stretchable opto-electronic devices additionally require the compliant electrodes to be optically transparent. Many candidate materials have been investigated. We report a new approach to mechanically robust, stretchable compliant electrodes. A facile in-situ composite synthesis and transfer technique is employed, and the resulting composite electrodes retain the high surface conductivity of the original conductive network formed by nanowires or nanotubes, while exhibiting the mechanical flexibility of the matrix polymer. The composite electrodes have high transparency and low surface roughness useful for the fabrication of polymer thinfilm electronic devices. The new electrodes are suitable for high-strain actuation, as a complaint resistive heating element to administer the temperature of shape memory polymers, and as the charge injection electrodes for flexible/stretchable polymer light emitting diodes. Bistable electroactive polymers employing the composite electrodes can be actuated to large strains via heating-actuation-cooling cycles.


The in-situ phosphorus-doped polysilicon (IDP) emitter technique has been developed to form narrow and flat emitter region. One major problem to form the IDP process was found to be h/sub FE/ fluctuation control. We revealed the cause and mechanism of the h/sub FE/ variation and indicated the effective method of improving the device characteristics. It is concluded that the polySi/Si interface condition affects crystallization process of amorphous-silicon to polysilicon, which results in a change of stress at the emitter layer.


In what sense is a grammar the union of its rules? This paper adapts the notion of composition, well developed in the context of programming languages, to the domain of linguistic formalisms. We study alternative definitions for the semantics of such formalisms, suggesting a denotational semantics that we show to be compositional and fully-abstract. This facilitates a clear, mathematically sound way for defining grammar modularity.


Sites for installation of solar photovoltaic panels are discussed. To achieve maximum solar radiant energy, to achieve maximum efficiency, taking advantage of the minimum standards required must be in optimal working order. Including that, they (northern hemisphere) are facing towards the south. In addition, structures installed with photovoltaic cells with a specific angle that the angle of latitude, according to the desired location, slope, location, time that the sun is higher and situations according to consumer requirements, could be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install photovoltaic panels topographic site types incorporating local winds and the region as part of the building ventilation system are considered volatile. Any installation-taking place closer to target is better because less waste will be in the wiring. However, the task is to design a proper balance between environmental conditions and design achievements.


Both coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), especially with the use of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), remain the most common therapeutic options of coronary artery disease, especially when the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery (pLAD) is involved. There are only a small number of studies comparing these approaches in patients with isolated lesions in LAD.

 We aim to compare the long-term outcomes of PCI with second-generation DES versus CABG surgery with left internal mammary artery, in patients with stable angina and an isolated single vessel pLAD disease.

 The study population consisted of 1010 consecutive patients with stable angina and an isolated pLAD that were treated either with PCI with second generation (zotarolimus or everolimus) DES (631 patients) or with CABG surgery (379 patients). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of any major adverse cardiac event (MACE) namely cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization (using either percutaneous or surgical technique) as a composite index. Other evaluated main clinical outcomes were the components of MACE, patient-related outcome (PRO-a composite index of all-cause mortality, any myocardial infarction, any revascularization), recurrence of stable angina and arrhythmias occurrence.

 Lower rates of in-hospital complications (0.3% versus 12.1%, p<0.001) and shorter hospitalization [median, 1 (interquartile-range: 1–4) versus 8 (interquartile-range: 7–11), p<0.001] were recorded in the PCI group compared with the surgery arm. During the follow-up period (mean, 4.6±2.5 years), no statistical difference was observed in respect to MACE between the two study groups (10.1% versus 7.4%, p=0.14). Higher rates of repeat revascularization were detected in patients treated with PCI than those treated with CABG (5.5% versus 2.9%, p=0.05). Concerning other secondary endpoints, cardiac death (2.9% versus 3.2%, p=0.78), myocardial infarction (1.7% versus 1.3%, p=0.60), and PRO (18.9% versus 17.7%, p=0.64) did not differ in a statistically significant manner between the two techniques. Recurrence of stable angina was significantly increased in PCI (15.6% versus 8.4%, p=0.001), whereas arrhythmias occurrence was most common in the surgery group (6.3% versus 11.9%, p=0.002).

 PCI with second-generation DES seem to have similar long-term clinical outcomes compared with CABG in patients with isolated LAD disease, highlighting the excellent long-term outcomes of both therapeutic approaches


Wavelet neural networks have been widely studied in recent years, because they combine the adaptability of neural networks with the strong feature extracting ability of wavelet transforms. Because of the inevitable oscillatory behavior in wavelet functions, wavelet neural networks are susceptible to trap into local minima when using gradient descent training algorithms. In this paper, a pruning algorithm is introduced into wavelet neural networks for combating the problem of the gradient-descent algorithm, and its merits are analyzed. Good performance is obtained in experiments on ECG signal classification using the pruning algorithm.


An efficient three-photon near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) is reported in Tm3+ singly doped YVO4 polycrystalline phosphors, where an optimized content of Tm3+ is determined to be 1.0 mol. %. Upon the absorption of a visible photon around 473 nm, three NIR photons emitting at 1180, 1479, and 1800 nm can be obtained efficiently by the sequential three-step radiative transitions of Tm3+. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed in terms of the steady and dynamic fluorescence spectra measurements. Internal quantum yield is calculated to be 161.8% as a theoretical value when luminescence quenching due to defect species can be overcome. In addition, the broadband ultraviolet (UV)-excited [VO4]3− can strongly sensitize the 1G4 level of Tm3+ in the wavelength range likely from 250 to 360 nm, greatly increasing the UV photo-response and NIR fluorescent intensity of Tm3+. The further development of this broadband three-photon NIR QC material would explore the new route to improve the photo-response of novel p...


Two experiments were conducted to investigate the role of spelling and pronunciation in memories of words. In Experiment 1 with familiar words, participants performed a category judgment task at study, with visual and audio presentations of words. Participants were then tested on their memory of the words, by presenting a word and asking participants if they heard it during the judgment task and whether they saw it. Although it was not significant, a trend was found indicating that people are more accurate when asked if they heard a word than when asked if they saw a word. In Experiment 2, the spelling, pronunciation and meaning (picture and definition) of pseudowords were learnt. Either the spelling of the word (orthography) or the pronunciation (phonology) was primarily paired with either the definition or the picture. Participants were then tested with either a spelling choice test or audio recognition test. For both tests, participants were cued half of the time with pictures and half of the time with definitions. For the spelling test, it was found that when the type of meaning cue used at test matched the meaning format most commonly paired with spelling during training, participants were more accurate. Contrary to predictions, for the audio recognition test, there was no effect of cuing for auditory pseudowords trained mainly with pictures, and auditory pseudowords trained mainly with definitions showed an advantage for picture cues. The results are discussed in relation to theories about word representations.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of Ambroxol combined with Ipratropium on elderly lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods
82 lung cancer patients aged ≥70 years who were scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the observation group(n=42) and the control group(n=40). Patients in the observation group were treated with 90 mg Ambroxol(mucosolvan) by intravenous drip and Ipratropium(atrovent) by atomizing inhalation, while patients in the control group were treated with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Pulmonary function and changes of arterial blood gases at admission, before surgery and 5 days after surgery, incidences of postoperative atelectasis and pulmonary infection, the rate of return to the intensive care unit(ICU), and the length of postoperative hospital stay were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
Compared with the control group, the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1%), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC%), the percent predicted maximum ventilation volume per minute(MVV%), and the arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2) were increased in the observation group before surgery 〔(87.0±8.2)% vs. (80.6±7.6) %, (90.4±6.4) % vs.(81.4±7.0)%, (87.1±5.6)% vs. (74.6±6.9) %, (86.6±6.2) mmHg vs.(81.7±6.9) mmHg, t=2.477, 2.588, 2.937, 3.405, respectively, all P 0.05).

Conclusions
The combination of perioperative Ambroxol and Ipratropium can effectively improve lung function by improving ventilation and gas exchange function, reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay in lung cancer patients aged 70 years and over.

Key words:
Lung neoplasms; Thoracoscopy; Ambroxol


Professor Boring is the A. A. Bradford Professor of Religious ~tudies at Texas Christian University In Fort Worth, Texas. He is active in the Society of Biblical Literature, where for many years he was a member of the Christian prophecy seminar. He is also the author of a respected commentary on the book of Revelation in the Interpretation series. The thrust of this book is contained in its sub-title; it is concerned with "Christian prophecy and the gospel tradition," a subject in which the author has been interested for many years. This interest was issued in a similar work, published by Cambridge University Press in 1982 under the title Sayings of theRisen Jesus. The present work is an extensive reworking, updating and popularizing of the previous study, directed to a wider readership. As the author confesses, the "previous work was concerned with method and evidence in order to make a scholarly case. The present work does not neglect those concerns but is also concerned with the theological issues inherent in the phenomenon of Christian prophecy and is more oriented to the understanding of this phenomenon and these texts in the life of the church" (Preface). The analysis proceeds on a conviction that is widely shared today in the academic fraternity, namely that "the distinction we now too easily assume was rarely made in earliest Christianity-the distinction between what


This research is a meta-analytic enterprise departing from three premises: a) playing and training should be consistent with the constant deepening of knowing, b) for this purpose, it is necessary to improve instructional design methodologies, c) above all, it requires critical attention to the most effective components of instructional design, teaching strategies. The study is based on a systemic vision oriented to ensure an active and creative learning of knowledge and to rationalize the training process. At the heart of our approach is to clarify the characteristics of teaching strategies and defining operational steps of conceiving, designing and developing teaching strategies


Background  Parthenium dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease with activated T lymphocytes that recognize the antigens, which leads to proliferation and differentiation. Telomeres and telomerase play an important role in the regulation of life span of the cell. Telomere length maintained by telomerase, are specialized repeats present at the end of chromosomes which protect it from degradation, end‐to‐end fusion and are important for integrity of chromosomes.


We consider parallel, identical machine scheduling problems where the jobs are subject to precedence constraints, release dates, and the processing times of jobs are governed by independent probability distributions. The objective is to minimize the expected value of the total weighted completion time ∑w j C j , where w j 0. Building upon a linear programming relaxation by Möhring, Schulz, and Uetz [5] and an idle time charging scheme by Chekuri, Motwani, Natarajan, and Stein [2], we derive the first approximation algorithms for this model.


Members I-IV of the Wumishan Formation of the Jixian System are exposed respectively in Mt. Cuihua and Mt. Hushan in the Ming Tombs, Beijing. Black banded cherts which are extensively developed in this formation contain an abundance of microfossils that are well preserved and variable in form. A study of thin sections shows that the microfossils include 10 genera, 12 species, 3 cf. species, 2 indeterminate species and 1 unnamed form, of which 1 genus and 7 species are newly erected. The present assemblage is morphologically comparable to those from the Wumishan Formation in the Western Hills of Beijing, Jixian County of Tianjin and Kuancheng of Hebei Province.


The metal corrosion of ballast tank caused by ships ballast water that has been electrolysed has been studied in the laboratory by means of statically immersing metal sample in treated sea water. Experimental tests show that the corrosion rate in the electrolyzed seawater is larger than that in the natural seawater, but the increment of the corrosion rate is not more than 35% in the first 12 hours in the medium with a 5 mg/L initial chlorine concentration and the corrosion rate will decrease with time.