Abstract : Through multiple efforts, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center is conducting developmental research focused on new ultra high-performance cementitious materials. As a part of this research, a particular material, named Cor-Tuf, has been developed. Cor-Tuf is an ultra high-strength concrete, and has been shown to exhibit unconfined compressive strengths as high as 240 MPa. Randomly distributed steel reinforcement fibers (30-mm length) have been incorporated into Cor-Tuf to improve its ductility under tensile stresses, although their effect on performance has not been fully quantified. This considered, the research effort described herein was conducted to characterize the tension (splitting tensile) and flexural properties of the Cor-Tuf material. Seven experimental series were performed, and included 33 flexural tests and 12 splitting tensile tests. Testing was conducted utilizing reinforced and unreinforced material in order to directly quantify the fibers' influence on material response. This report provides descriptions of the experimental configurations, test specimens, and a summary of the experimental results.


The optimal control of a linear system is studied relative to a periodic unstable trajectory using continuous control. Gaussian state uncertainties are included, which induces a statistical cost of controlling the state over a long period of time. The length of time between control law updates directly impacts this statistical cost. When uncertainties are present in a hyperbolically unstable system, the time between control updates can take an optimal value. We apply these ideas to study the statistical cost of controlling a spacecraft in the vicinity of a relative equilibrium point and a Halo orbit in the Hill three-body problem.


We extend the CE/SE scheme and present a complete Eulerian approach for two-dimensional(plane strain and axisymmetry) elastic-plastic flows with solid features.Eulerian governing equations are adopted and solved on a fixed Cartesian grid.Johnson-Cook constituted equations and Mie-Gruneisen equation of state are used to describe materials.A hybrid particle level set method is used to trace interfaces of materials.Two types of boundary condition are presented in tracking interface.The penetration of a steel target by a WHA long rod is simulated and the computational results are carefully compared with those in other literatures.


The purpose of this article is to explore the teaching processes that use Quick Response QR codes and mobile devices to support blended learning at the National Institute of Telecommunications and ICT INTTIC. The satisfactory results of our previous research show that the use of mobile technology could enhance accessibility and communication in a blended learning course. In Algeria, the mobile penetration rate stands at over 111% and 21% with 3G. Since most of our students have access to mobile technology, three in five were smartphones. Using this technology would encourage students to use their phones to send questions to their teachers, listen to a podcast and snip the quick response QR codes. This paper introduces the implementations of QR codes, vcard and QR voice as a new tool in the Moodle platform in our institute. The QR code contains the URL of the page of one particular Moodle course and quiz are added to the bottom of Moodle. The students' satisfaction had been acknowledged as an important factor in order to estimate the effectiveness of a blended learning course.


From movies showing the laser cutting process in acrylic glass, it points out that the erosion takes place at a nearly vertical plane at the momentary end of the cut. That plane is covered by a thin molten layer, that is heated by absorbed laser radiation and by reaction. The removal of material from that layer is carried out by evaporation and by ejection of molten material due to the friction between the melt and the reactive gas flow. A computer simulation of that model yields a more detailed understanding of laser cutting and agrees well with experimental investigations.


Analysis of twentieth‐century Russian history is fraught with wild variation of opinion, mainly due to the heavy influence of moral assessments, which polarized all branches of the social sciences. Many strongly expressed interpretations, including those of the opposing 'totalitarian' and 'revisionist' schools, proved to be quite incapable of capturing the essence of Soviet society, and hence of predicting and interpreting the system's failure. Many of the features identified as factors precipitating the collapse were simply not relevant, and the system could have withstood any of them. The system must be seen as a normal variant of a particular type of society: it was a normal totalitarian society which collapsed through attempts to reform an unreformable system. It could have continued, and its eventual collapse would have taken a different form, as would Russia's future course. For the moment, post‐Soviet Russia has its own form of normality, which will persist for a long time.


In this paper, a novel Static Learning (SL) strategy to adaptively vary swarm size has been proposed and integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Besides, the whole population has been divided into two sub swarms, where particles of different sub swarms interact within their neighbourhood and the existence of better particle is determined by evaluating its survival probability. Proper resource based particle replacement scheme and a linear chaotic term has also been included to ensure preservation of diversity of the swarm. In addition, the PSO algorithm is divided into two phases, with relevant algorithmic modification for each phase. The first phase is assigned to focus solely on better exploration of the search space. The second phase focuses on better utilization of the explored information. The proposed Static Learning Particle Swarm Optimization with Enhanced Exploration and Exploitation using Adaptive Swarm Size (SLPSO) algorithm is tested on a set of shifted and rotated benchmark problems and compared with six other recent state-of-the-art PSO algorithms. The proposed (SLPSO) algorithm demonstrates superior performance over other PSO variants.


In this paper we introduce a new set of hp nite element expansions for use in hybrid domains using hexahedrons, prisms, pyramids and tetrahedrons. The expansions are explained in terms of a uniied notation which incorporates the standard hexahedral hp nite element expansion. The new bases are motivated from a set of orthogonal polynomial expansions within each of the hybrid domains. The polynomial expansions are a generalised product of functions based upon a local coordinate system with independent limits. This construction leads to expansions with attractive computational properties and which exhibit a high level of orthogonality.


Any making, including a work of architecture, is synthetic in nature and is made by making connections. To base the core of a computational representation of architectural design on connections is to base it on the very core of making. The articulation of the core of architecture, its architectonics, should be based on articulating its connections. This paper probes how connections can serve to represent architectural design. A paradigm consists of a core cluster of concepts that, for a time period, provides a framework to articulate the issues and problems facing a field and to generate solutions. This paper offers a connections-based paradigm to represent architectural design computationally. A number of connections-based strategies for the representation of architectural design have emerged. Modeling frameworks that have been identified include dendograms, bipartite graphs, adjacency graphs, plan graphs, planar graphs, Hasse diagrams, Boolean lattices, and Bayesian networks. These modeling frameworks have enabled the representation of many aspects of architectural design. Is it possible to extract a uniform modeling framework from all these frameworks that enables the computation of architectural design in all its aspects? Using biological analogies, will an integration of these modeling frameworks provide the 'molecular' structure of a 'DNA' that makes up the architectural 'genome'? This paper will attempt to answer these questions.


Problems existing in the current financing process of urban infrastructures are analyzed, and the market financing schemes of urban infrastructures are proposed. The corresponding financing modes aiming at the different types of infrastructures are put forward. Problems with market financing of infrastructures are analyzed.


In enterprise level web applications, request scheduling usually aims to minimize average response time and maximize application benefits by fully utilizing existing server resources. It is necessary to prioritize the processing of critical requests and high-priority user requests to enable the enterprise to obtain more benefits. Aiming at the multiple objectives of enterprise Web request scheduling, this paper proposes a multi-objective request scheduling algorithm based on cuckoo search. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the request task and the scheduling objectives, a multi-objective evaluation model is established, and the decision variable is determined as the execution order of the request queue on the server side. Then the non-dominated sort cuckoo search algorithm with elite strategy is introduced to solve the decision variables and the global optimal Pareto solution set is found by combining the multi-objective evaluation model. From this set, an optimal solution is selected as the request execution sequence, and the server executes the request based on this sequence. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has more obvious advantages than FIFO and SJR in achieving the goal of minimizing the average response time and maximizing the benefits.


Considering the growing importance of alkanolamine aqueous solvents in gas refineries or other powerhouses, it is essential to achieve the appropriate solution for CO 2 absorption. This requires to produce systematic vapor-liquid equilibrium data in a wide range of temperature, CO 2 partial pressure and different alkanolamines concentration. In this research with the application of equilibrium pilot plant in local atmospheric pressure, CO 2 solubility data have been reported in MEA solvent and its blend with AEEA in temperatures (303, 313 and 323) K, CO 2 partial pressures of (8.44, 25.33 and 42.22) kPa, concentrations of 12 wt% for MEA and (12+1, 12+2 and12+3) wt% for (MEA+AEEA). The measured solubility was then predicted by the theoretical model of modified Kent Eisenberg. The constant parameters of the apparent equilibrium for the porotonation and carbamate reaction in the Modified Kent Eisenberg model were optimized with the MATLAB software. It was conclude that CO 2 solubility values in all the studied experiments increased with increasing CO 2 partial pressure while increasing temperature and solvent concentration decreased the solubility. The comparison between the CO 2 absorption into the MEA solvent alone and AEEA activated MEA shows that (MEA+AEEA) blend in compare to the single MEA has a higher CO 2 loading. Also %AAD values for the solubility of MEA and (MEA+AEEA) were found to be 3 and 17.28 respectively.


1 Here and in what follows I use "things" in a colloquial, encompassing sense. The term includes not only material objects but also events, actions, processes, practices, experiences and the like. 2 The comparative dimension of metaphor becomes more evident when contrasting metaphoric and literal utterances. The metaphoric "The moon is a piece of cheese" can be reworded as "The moon is like a piece of cheese" and still make sense. The literal "Red is a color," in contrast, cannot be rendered as "Red is like a color"–such an utterance is nonsensical (Carston 2002, 358). The point is that metaphors can be turned into explicit comparisons whereas literal utterances cannot. This is not to claim that metaphor and simile function identically, but only to call attention to the fact that both involve comparison. For more on the comparative dimension of metaphor, see Perrine (1971). On the differences between metaphor and simile, and the more complicated relationship of metaphor to comparison, see Glucksberg and Haught (2006). In taking up the task of "rethinking comparison in the social sciences," we might gainfully ask a basic, but not-too-often posed, question: What are the different ways to compare? Or to rephrase the query more precisely: What are the different ways in which we ordinarily use the word "compare"? My aim in posing this question is to bring into clearer view a way of comparing that, despite being both common and integral to the social sciences, often goes unnoticed. By drawing attention to it, I hope to provide social scientists with a set of starting points to think more clearly about the comparisons they make and to expand their imagination about the kinds of comparing that are possible.


This paper prevents a study of the parametric stability of passenger and freight vehicles on tangent track due to harmonic variations in conicity using linear models. The effect of primary and secondary stiffnesses on parametric excitation is also studied. Floquet theory is used to find the stability boundaries. The results show that wavelengths associated with conicity variation that are in the vicinity of half the kinematic wavelengths of the vehicles can lead to significant reductions in critical speeds. Results also show that the primary and warp stiffnesses can affect the severity of principal parametric resonance depending on the vehicle models and magnitude of stiffnesses chosen.


This thesis deals with the self-stabilizing construction of spanning structures over a distributed system. Self-stabilization is a paradigm for fault-tolerance in distributed algorithms. It guarantees that the system eventually satisfies its specification after transient faults hit the system. Our model of distributed system assumes locally shared memories for communicating, unique identifiers for symmetry-breaking, and distributed daemon for execution scheduling, that is, the weakest proper daemon. More generally, we aim for the weakest possible assumptions, such as arbitrary topologies, in order to propose the most versatile constructions of distributed spanning structures. We present four original self-stabilizing algorithms achieving k-clustering, (f,g)-alliance construction, and ranking. For every of these problems, we prove the correctness of our solutions. Moreover, we analyze their time and space complexity using formal proofs and simulations. Finally, for the (f,g)-alliance problem, we consider the notion of safe convergence in addition to self-stabilization. It enforces the system to first quickly satisfy a specification that guarantees a minimum of conditions, and then to converge to a more stringent specification.


UIMA Ruta is a rule-based system designed for information extraction tasks, but it is also applicable for many natural language processing use cases. This demonstration gives an overview of the UIMA Ruta Workbench, which provides a development environment and tooling for the rule language. It was developed to ease every step in engineering rule-based applications. In addition to the full-featured rule editor, the user is supported by explanation of the rule execution, introspection in results, automatic validation and rule induction. Furthermore, the demonstration covers the usage and combination of arbitrary components for natural language processing.


The new ICA standard Records-in-Contexts (R-i-C) takes the evolution of descriptive standards to the next level. The realities of digital recordkeeping, the increasing fluidity between "records" and "archives" – as recognised in Continuum thinking – and globalisation, have already made old boundaries between records managers and archivists less meaningful, and it is in this context that R-i-C is being developed. R-i-C can, for instance, be of direct use to records managers, in particular because the need to ensure usability and access of records over time has been pushed back to the start of the lifecycle, and because Open Data and Freedom of Information initiatives require integrated access to information sources. The R-i-C development process included alignment with ISO23801 Metadata for Records, meaning that using R-i-C will also facilitate compliance with ISO15489. The new multidimensional approach of R-i-C, along with its more conceptualised definitions of "entities" – for example of "Record" and "Re...


Guanziyao Region is located in the southwest edge of Yangtze Plate,west Guizhou Province.This region experienced several periods of complex superimposed deformation after the stage of intraplate deformation. The first period is characterized by compressive effect trending W- E,from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous during the Early Yanshanian,resulting in nearly S- N trending systemic structure of folds and faults,among which east- dipped axial planes and westwards thrusting faults are predominated. Main detachment surface characterized by marlstone and calcian argillite in middle- upper Devonian Huohong Formation and Liujiang Formation is complexly distorted by relatively smooth open fold above and tight fold beneath.The second period is characterized by compressive effect trending N- S in the Middle Cretaceous during the Late Yanshanian. This deformation,superimposing on the earlier one,is presented by hinge plunging in the earlier nearly S- N trending folds and extensional shearing activities in faults. Due to several episodes of Southwards detachments,N- dipped axial planes of nearly E- W trending folds with partial inversion and Southwards thrusting faults were developed in the South. These faults were reactive in Early Himalayn period.Structures in the outcrops indicate the E- W structure cuts the S- N structure. Ore bodies of Pb- Zn mine in the study area have two kinds of output. One is flat bedding output forming in early and late Yanshanian,obviously controlled by bedding detachments and low- angle faults,whereas the other is steep outcrop forming in structural transition periods or in Early Himalayn period,controlled by steep extensional and shearing faults.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of class satisfaction on exercise adherence for female college students in cultural physical education between capital area and non-capital area. It searched for the factors which affect on those and provides basic materials on the cultural physical education and positive recognition to the attendees. This study represented a female students who were attending cultural physical education of four-year colleges located in capital and non-capital area. The subjects(N=323) were used for this study by convenience sampling method of nonprobability sampling. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor-analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one way ANOVA, back-testing, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were tested by using SPSS 18.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were significant differences between capital area and non-capital area university in the class satisfaction and subcategory of evaluation of instruction and content of instruction. Second, class satisfaction had an effect on intention of exercise continuity of female students in cultural physical education.


We describe a functional programming approach to the design of outlines of eighteenth-century string instruments. The approach is based on the research described in François Denis's book, Traité de lutherie. The programming vernacular for Denis's instructions, which we call functional geometry, is meant to reiterate the historically justified language and techniques of this musical instrument design. The programming metaphor is entirely Euclidean, involving straightedge and compass constructions, with few (if any) numbers, and no Cartesian equations or grid. As such, it is also an interesting approach to teaching programming and mathematics without numerical calculation or equational reasoning. The advantage of this language-based, functional approach to lutherie is founded in the abstract characterization of common patterns in instrument design. These patterns include not only the abstraction of common straightedge and compass constructions, but of higher-order conceptualization of the instrument design process. We also discuss the role of arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, and subharmonic proportions, and the use of their rational approximants.


Deep seawater facilities inadvertently collect organisms from suction inlets and, thus, may serve as unique biological platforms. Organisms collected from a depth of 612 m offshore from Okinawa, Japan, were archived from 2000 to 2006. Of the total of 633 individuals collected, 550 specimens were examined and taxonomically identified; the remaining 83 samples were too seriously damaged to examine. As a result, a total of 63 species were identified, and taxa comprised 34 fishes, 23 crustaceans, 5 mollusks and 1 echinoderm. Although a weak tendency of year-to-year increase in the catch number was apparent, it should be confirmed by monitoring for a longer term. No clear seasonality for the catch number and species composition was observed. A significant decline in the number of the pleurobranchid Pleurobranchella nicobarica and an increase in the benthopelagic holothurian Enypniastes eximia were recorded during the study period; these variations may imply that unspecified environmental changes have occurred.


When the multi-media teaching is pit into the 'Two lessons'courses , the effects of the new method have to be studied. The questions worthy analyzi ng includes:the interacton of teachers and students, how to make full use of th e multi-media method and relate it to the content of the thecourses.


An apparatus for controlling a toner density accurately in response to printing data include a toner sensor, a memory, a data input unit, a toner supply amount controlling unit, and a CPU. The toner sensor detects the toner density and generates a toner density detection value. The memory stores a toner density set-up value and an operational constant data table having an operational constant corresponding to the printing data. The toner supply amount controlling unit supplies the toner in response to a control signal generated from the CPU. The CPU determines the operational constant by using the operational constant data table, and controls the toner supply amount controlling unit by using the control signal generated from the operational constant, the toner density detection value, and the toner density set-up value.


There has been no dearth of interest in hotels amongst historians, sociologists, literary scholars, geographers and cultural studies researchers—either in the past few years, in recent decades, or ...


The year 2000 is rapidly approaching, and there is a good chance that computer systems that utilize two digit year dates will experience problems in retrieval of date information. The ISA Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Data Processing (TL-DP) software and computer system has been reviewed for Year 2000 compliance issues.


Well intervention in horizontal extended reach wells (ERWs) comes with a myriad of challenges and in the case of coiled tubing the overarching impediment is in reaching the target depth (TD). Frictional forces act against the coiled tubing (CT) while being pushed from surface, this eventually leads to helical buckling of the tubing and early lockup where no further progress is made. Advances have been made over the last decade with the development of high-tech downhole CT tractors that deliver a strong pulling force to overcome these frictional forces. Restrictions in the well completion require these tractors to collapse to 2-1/8″, and then to expand to the cased or open hole size of up to 6-1/8″. With many wells having a larger bore size of 8-1/2″, a CT tractor did not exist to improve the coverage in those type of wells.
 At first glance, modifying the existing tractor for 6-1/8″ sized holes to function in 8-1/2″ sized holes could be accomplished by simply extending the lengths of the arms. However, the reality is a little more nuanced with several innovations required to deliver the same pulling force as the 6-1/8″ tractor version. This new generation of downhole compact high expansion tractors have improved push-links and newly designed grippers to enable rig-less acid stimulation and production logging in ERWs.
 The high expansion tractor is an important facilitator in CT well interventions to tackle challenging ERWs by increasing the coverage in 8-1/2″ hole sizes. The CT tractor design, development, testing and first deployment was conducted in 2021. The major advantages gained from increasing the reach can be summarized as follows: The CT high expansion tractor enables successful reservoir surveillance and production monitoring, including improved reservoir understanding providing data to update and calibrate reservoir models.Acid stimulation in 8-1/2″ open hole wells on CT targeted fluid placement to improve well productivity to increase revenue per well.Detecting and then shutting off water inflow zones with CT techniques, avoiding the need for drilling a side track.
 This new generation of slim tractors is the first in the industry to operate in wells with a diameter of 8-1/2″ and an operating range from 8″ to 10″. The key metric to successful acid stimulation or logging applications in ERWs is the ability to achieve maximum coverage of the openhole section. These engineered solutions demonstrate how creative innovations in technology design are improving accessibility in ERWs, resulting in superior reservoir management outcomes.


The ice in the Arctic sea halved since 1979 with global warming. Today ships can float for 150 days in a year and natural resources in the region are accessible. Naturally, the Arctic is gaining geopolitical and geoeconomic importance with the thawing of icebergs in the post-cold war era. Cooperation with Russia in the Arctic has significant meaning to Korea because the majority of hydrocarbon resources in the region is reserved in the Russian Arctic region; the Northern Sea Route is under the authority of the Russian Federation; and Russia is an influential participant in the Arctic governance such as the Arctic Council and the BEAC. The study provides an analysis of Russia's Arctic development strategies and cooperation with major partners and proposes how to foster and strengthen Korea-Russia cooperation regarding the Arctic issues from establishing a comprehensive strategy to joining investment projects.


The KRAFTWERKSSCHULE E.V. (KWS -Power Tech Training Center) operates training simulators for fossil-fired power plants for more than 20 years at its headquarters in Essen. At present simulators are available for training purposes which represent the spectrum of 300 MW unit power plants with hard coal, lignite, oil and gas firing as well as CCGT power plants. The present new projects of coal power plants with supercritical steam generators of the 800 MW and 1100 MW classes and high efficiency lead to a growing demand for highly trained operator personnel. Thus, new power plant simulators are developed on behalf of KWS and in cooperation with public utilities. For three new simulators the following power plants have been selected as reference plants: - the single unit F of the 2 x 1100 MW BoA 2&3 twin unit at Neurath lignite), and unit G of the 600 MW class power plant at NiederauBem (lignite), - the single unit D of the 2 x 800 MW class twin unit at Westfalen power plant (hard coal), and - unit 4 of the 1100 MW class power plant at Dattein (hard coal). The simulator for lignite-fired power plants holds two simulated power plants sharing one hardware platform. The two simulators for hard coal fired power plants will be ready-for-training in a basic version before or during commissioning of the real plants. They will be fine tuned after the power plants commence operations, when operating data will be available. The modeling of the process and electrical plant systems are provided with most modern development environments. For the automation system nowadays a virtual DCS of the respective manufacturer is being used. Thus, the original automation code can be completely copied from the reference plant. Customized training courses will be provided in modern control rooms at KWS or on-site.


To investigate the relationship between the cardioprotective effect of monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) and production of metallothionein (MT), the present study observed the effect of MLA precoditioning on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of perfused rat heart and myocardial MT content. It was found that MLA preconditioning increased myocardial MT content to 4.6-fold (p<0.01) and potentiated the resistance to I/R injury, i.e. improved cardiac function, increased myocardial energy reservation (ATP content), and lowered the leakage of tissue LDH and myolobin, Adding MT antiserum to perfusate abolished the cardioprotective effects of MLA preconditioning. The results indicated that induction of MT production might be one of the cardioprotective mechanisms of MLA preconditioning.


sterilising such corneal forceps is approximately £1/item. If unavailable in outpatients, the cost to open (and therefore sterilise) a standard eye set from theatre is £20, not accounting for the additional costs of theatre and staffing. Use of disposable corneal forceps ensures a readily available supply of good-quality instruments, in contrast to resterilisation, which is often associated with unsatisfactory packaging or damaged tips. The resultant wastage and transportation due to reusable instruments does not appear to be cost-efficient or in keeping with the NHS environment strategy to reduce unnecessary travel. 6 We believe the case for changing to single-use disposable corneal forceps has obvious benefits for both the patient and hospital in the management of corneal graft sutures. Equipment reliability should be the primary concern.


Experience with the installation of technology equipment in tunnels have always been and will always be a significant contribution to the portfolio of knowledge gathered by realising companies and the professional public. The objective of this paper is to provide readers with basic information about the demanding design and the installation of the equipment of the Svrčinovec and Poľana motorway tunnels in the region of Kysuce. The paper contains a more detailed description of the technology equipment of the Svrčinovec and Poľana tunnels from the design and subsequent realisation points of view.


ABSTRACT In performing the zombie game, children enact embodied literacies through movement, gesture, and sound, and through incorporating the materiality and the spatiality of the outdoor area. They communicate in many ways, both brutal and subtle, enacting their understandings with each other as well as with other adults. The repeated performance seems to function as a refrain that provides security and calm in a highly unstable world. It de- and re-territorializes the space of the preschool, making and re-making children's worlds. The performance of the game is an embodiment of social context, the enactment of the absorbed lived experience that constitutes a becoming for both zombie child and additional needs child. Through this repeated game we come to understand the agency of these children differently in their capacity to re-create their worlds through play.


The X-ray structure analysis of the title compound, (C 6 H 16 N) 4 [Mo 8 O 26 ].2H 2 O, has confirmed the presence of the [Mo 8 O 26 ] 4- anion. Eight edge- and corner-sharing MoO 6 octahedra constitute the anion, which has short terminal Mo-O bonds [1.684(3)-1.711 (3) A], bonds of intermediate length [1.749 (3)-1.990 (3) A] and long bonds [2.140(2)-2.472(3) A]. The structure consists of β-Mo 8 O 26 polyanions, triethylammonium cations and water molecules of crystallization. The water molecules and triethylammonium cations are linked to the terminal and bridging O atoms of the anion by hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds also exist between the water molecules and the triethylammonium cations.


It is advantageous for one seeking a career in trombone, as a performer, and as an educator, to have an in-depth understanding of the trombone avant-garde solo works. For other classical instruments, repertoire spans many centuries and can be found in every major musical era. However, the trombone was a later addition to the orchestra, and it was not seen as a solo instrument until later still. With the development of trombone literature falling predominately in the second half of the 20th century, it is no surprise that the musical avant-garde movement of post-World War II Western society included works for solo trombone. It is important to perform and understand the historical significance of these works since they are certainly worthy of performance. They also are responsible, in part, for the flourishing importance of the trombone as a prominent solo instrument in the twenty-first century. For both of these lecture recitals, there are many great resources to help one understand the historical context and theoretical designs of all of the works I have examined. Stuart Dempster's work as a performer and researcher has proven to be an incredibly valuable source of information for all aspiring trombonists. His book, The Modern Trombone: A Definition of Its Idioms, serves as a major source of inspiration and knowledge for both the understanding and practical approach to performing many of the avant-garde trombone works. Austin Duke's dissertation, A Performer's Guide to Theatrical Elements in Selected Trombone Literature, also serves as a valuable resource regarding the theatrics involved in many of the pieces that will be examined. This performative side of the avant-garde literature is often overlooked, and therefore it is vital to the success of a lecture series on this topic.%%%%A Treatise submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music.%%%%Spring Semester 2017.%%%%April 4, 2017.%%%%Avant-Garde, Berio, Jacob TV, Kenny, Trombone%%%%John Drew, Professor Directing Treatise; Richard Clary, University Representative; Christopher Moore, Committee Member; Paul Ebbers, Committee Member.


The results of studies on thermodynamics of martensitic transformation in Fe C and Fe X C alloys lead the M S temperature in structural steels to be predicted. Establishing thermodynamics of martensitic transformation in Cu and Fe Mn Si based alloys built the basis of composition and processing design for Cu and Fe based shape memory alloys. The thermodynamic approach for calculation of M S in ZrO 2 containing ceramics and corrected formula expressing the effect of parent grain size on M S were suggested. The revised kinetics equation of a thermal martensitic transformation shows that alloying element varying the diffusion coefficient of carbon in low carbon steels would affect the amount of the retained austenite and it will be beneficial for the exploitation of steels with microstructure of lath martensite. Research on the isothermal kinetics of the retained austenite→martensite in GCr15 ball bearing (AISI 52 100) steel indicates that the dimensional stability (as comparison to specimen treated by traditioinal quenching and tempering) increases 34% in specimen treated by an isothermal holding in order to form a few percent of isothermal martensite from the retained austenite after quenching and followed by normal tempering and the contact fatigue life is not reduced. Studies of characteristics of martensitic transformations and their reverse transformations in Ni Ti, Cu Zn Al, Fe Mn Si based alloys and ZrO 2 containing ceramics reveal the factors affecting the shape memory effect (SME) and indicate the way to improve the SME as well as the exploitation of these materials. Thermodynamics study of bainitic transformation, observation of the growth ledge, studies on the effect of parent strengthening on transformations and the results of internal friction measurements all display that the bainite formation is controlled by diffusion. Addition of alloying elements hindering the diffusion of Zn and Al in Cu Zn Al may improve the SME and its service life. There exists the bainitic transformatioin in CeO 2 ZrO 2 and it relates to the appearance of brittleness in ZrO 2 containing ceramics. Research on the ordering of β phase in Cu Zn is significant for the application of alloy with ordered phase. The presentation of the criterion of spinodal decomposition in ternary alloys may be valuable for the development of alloys exhibiting high damping capacity or high strength by means of spinodal decomposition. Group theory is successfully utilized in crystallography of phase transformation. The required condition for the appearance of crystallography reversibility derived from group theory is the formation of single variant martensite. It seems effective that the soliton is introduced in the nucleation and growth model in phase transformation.


An 18-year-old woman presented to clinic with acute pharyngitis with 4/4 Centor criteria. Rapid streptococcal antigen test was negative. The patient, who was allergic to penicillin, was prescribed azithromycin. Ultimately, after 5 days and without any corticosteroids, she presented to the emergency department with 10/10 chest pain and was admitted to the intensive care unit. CT showed nodular lung disease and blood cultures on admission grew Fusobacterium, likely Fusobacterium nucleatum. She sustained two cardiac arrests, three tube thoracostomies, acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and ventilatory failure requiring tracheostomy. After 16 days in hospital and 18 days in long-term acute care, the patient was discharged home. It is unclear how much of this could have been prevented by prescribing an antimicrobial that had activity against Fusobacterium. When severe pharyngitis occurs, Fusobacterium needs to be considered as an underlying cause. In vitro macrolides have marginal activity against most anaerobes, such as this pathogen, and should be avoided.


This paper analyses the corporate mission statement as an essential step in the strategic planning process, based on its impact on companies' business performance, i.e. market share. We underline the significance of early employment of mission statement, because it is a technique through which the strategic intention of a company is defined and sustained. The study addresses two main research aspects: 1. the key components and terms by which a company can create a mission statement, and 2. the connection between detailed, highly comprehensive mission statement and market share. The methodology includes quantitative and qualitative research that explored the way in which 38% of the registered companies in the confectionery industry in Macedonia create their mission statements. Primary data was derived from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and secondary data - from books, journals and academic articles. Data was analyzed with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19. Results suggest that highly comprehensive mission statement has significant correlation and directly influences companies' market share, i.e. performance. The analysis has also shown that a model of key components and terms of a mission statement can be used as a guide in the process of mission statement creation. The limitations of the paper arise from sample's size and the (one) chosen industry, but the findings are useful to entrepreneurs and managers, since they provide a more accurate perspective of the significance of mission statement and the way that it affects business.

Key words: Mission statement, business performance, market share, key components and terms.


Efficiency on service delivery is about those with authority being answerable for their actions to the citizens, whether directly or indirectly, and managerial efficiency on service delivery is about making those with delegated authority answerable for carrying out agreed tasks according to agreed criteria of performance. The interest in efficiency on service delivery within public sector reform is a desire to make public sector staff more accountable for their decisions and actions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of public resource utilization on the efficiency of service delivery of the county government of Machakos. Specifically, the study sought to: establish the effect of equitable share utilization on the efficiency of service delivery of Machakos County Government, Kenya, determine the effect of own source revenue utilization on the efficiency of service delivery of Machakos County Government, Kenya, to assess the effect of donor funding utilization on the efficiency of service delivery of Machakos County Government, Kenya and investigate the effect of conditional grants utilization on the efficiency of service delivery of Machakos County Government, Kenya. The study additionally sought to determine the moderating effect of county service delivery principles on the relationship between public resource utilization and efficiency of service delivery of the county government of Machakos. The study was informed by Public Choice Theory of Budget, The resource-based view theory and the Rostow-Musgrave Model. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted all the employees of Machakos County totaling to 1,950. The study used a simple random sampling of 10% of the total population yielding 195 respondents as the sample size. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire, while secondary data gathered using data collection sheet. The collected data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used Pearson correlation to show the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results were presented in tables, charts and bars. It was established from the findings that; money set by national government wasn't used effectively for the current expenditure and that the county government was striving to collect and prudently utilized it's owned collected revenue. External donors were observed as the leading source of income for development and that the county rarely received the equalization funds disbursed on an annual basis. The study recommends that the central government should monitor and evaluate the utilization of funds and disburse equalization funds timely. The county government on the other hand should uphold integrity in the utilization if funds and seek to generate more funds locally. Keywords: Public resource utilization, equitable share utilization, County own source revenue utilization, Donor funding utilization, Conditional grants utilization, Efficiency of service delivery, County service delivery principles


Abstract A novel synthesis of ethyl 3-(bromoacetyl)-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate is described. The efficient preparation of this key intermediate allowed to obtain the thiazole derivative 2 as potential glycine site N-metyhl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.


This paper briefly reviews the construction of Ruby on Rails applications, identifies the pitfalls of existing tools, and proposes the design and development of a lean cross-platform desktop application, along with an evaluation of the prototype.


Introduction: The Utopia of Independent Media: Independence, Working with Freedom and Working for Free James Bennett Section I: Indies, Independents and Independence 1. Guarding the Guardians: The Leveson Inquiry and the Future of Independent Journalism Stephen Jukes and Stuart Allan 2. Differences of Kind and Degree: Articulations of Independence in American Cinema Geoff King 3. From Independence to Independents, Public Service to Profit: British TV and the Impossibility of Independence James Bennett 4. Popular Music, Independence and the Concept of the Alternative in Contemporary Capitalism David Hesmondhalgh and Leslie M. Meier 5. A Vision of and for the Networked World: John Perry Barlow's Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace at Twenty Daniel Kreiss Section II: Working with Freedom or Working for Free 6. A Moral Economy of Independent Work? Creative Freedom and Public Service in UK Digital Agencies James Bennett, Niki Strange and Andrea Medrado 7. Indie TV: Innovation in Series Development Aymar Jean Christian 8. Social Media and Journalistic Independence Thomas Poell and Jose van Dijck 9. Playing for Work: Independence as Promise in Gameplay Commentary on YouTube Hector Postigo Section III: Independence in a Cold Political Climate 10. From Perestroika to Putin: Journalism in Russia James Rodgers 11. Independence within the Boundaries: State Control and Strategies of Chinese Television for Freedom Anthony Fung, Xiaoxiao Zhang and Luzhou Li 12. Uneven and Combined Independence of Social Media in the Middle East: Technology, Symbolic Production and Unproductive Labor Gholam Khiabany


The invention belongs to the healthcare food filed, and specifically relates to a ginseng-frog oil chewing tablet. The chewing tablet is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of ginseng, 8 parts of wood frog oil, 6 parts of Chinese magnoliavine, and 190 parts of xylitol. The chewing tablet is prepared from high quality ginseng and high quality wood frog oil, which are obtained from Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. The active components of ginseng and wood frog oil are extracted through a scientific and advanced technology. The chewing tablet is prepared through the following steps: grinding, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic extraction, grinding in colloid mill, mixing, wet granule preparation, sterilization, and tablet compressing. The prepared ginseng-frog oil chewing tablet is convenient to eat, has a good taste, and is suitable for middle aged elite, middle aged women, the old, the weak, and menopausal women. The nutrients of ginseng, wood frog oil, and Chinese magnoliavine can be easily absorbed.


The impact of road traffic on the acoustic quality in the environment is practically always determined by a calculation procedure. A reliable calculation result requires a reliable source strength determination. The paper will present an overview of the state-of-the-art emission description developed in the EU R&D project IMAGINE. Special attention will be given to the incorporation of the impact of vehicle technology developments in the modeling. In the oral presentation recent data will be presented and discussed in terms of a possible shift with respect to data obtained 15 and 30 years ago. a Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com b Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com


II. EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL CRITERIA Assignment More difficult topic Evaluation of thesis difficulty of assignment. The thesis aimed at reconstructing origin and performance of ancient Roman seawater concrete, particularly analyzing temperature and stress development during hardening. Since the concrete was placed more than 2000 years ago, it took considerable effort obtaining relevant data from ancient literature and also from articles/studies carried out recently.


Non-puddled transplanting is a promising establishment technique for rainy season rice. A study was carried out at Mymensingh, Bangladesh in transplanted rainy season rice to evaluate weed control efficiency of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide under non-puddled strip-tilled field condition. Residual effects of those herbicides were also examined on germination and growth of the subsequently grown crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern. Seven treatment combinations comprised of four herbicides, 1 pre-emergent (PEM): pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, 1 early post-emergent (EPOST): orthosulfamuron, and 2 late post-emergent (LPOST): butachlor plus propanil and 2,4-D amine, along with one weedy check and one weed-free check were tested. Grasses and sedges were the major weeds in non-puddled strip-tilled rice with Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. the most dominant species. Herbicide treatments provided a wide range of control (above 50–95%) on all types of weeds. Sequential application of PEM with EPOST or LPOST or both offered higher weed control than sole application of PEM by 27–65%. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PEM) followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron (EPOST) fb butachlor plus propanil (LPOST) gave the most effective weed control as well as maximum rice grain yield. Moreover, bioassay study showed that tested herbicides had no adverse effect on germination and growth of the next season wheat crop. Therefore, the study suggests sequential application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl with post-emergence herbicide(s) in any of the tested combinations to attain the optimum rice yield, however rotational use of herbicides along with maintaining appropriate rates and timing needs to be strictly followed to obtain maximum benefit.


This paper describes the total dose effect measurement systems for semiconductor devices in spacecraft, the flight results obtained from the ETS-V, VI, MDS-1 and ADEOS-II satellites and the calibration method used on the ground.


Antimicrobial agents or antibiotics are the most significant commercially available and utilized secondary metabolites, which are highly produced by the soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and found to be effective and broad spectrum. Microbes produce metabolic products (antimicrobial agents) through the process called antibiosis. Majority of the classes of antibiotics used are derivatives of animals (microbes) and floras (plants). But currently, the microbial resistance is at the top gear which requires more effort to come up with novel structure, effectual, toxic free and reasonable cost of new antimicrobial products against microbial infections. In the present study, a trial was made to isolate, identify and characterize the antibiotic producing bacteria from the soil samples collected from different sites of abattoir in Lapai, using the standard microbiological techniques. A total of nine (9) bacterial of both groups (Gram positive and negative) which includes Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogene, Clostridium specie, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in the course of the study. Pseudomonas species was the most frequently isolated bacteria (33.33%) while the rest of the isolates were 8.33% across the five different sampling sites. These isolates were further screened against some pathogenic microbes viz, Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Three of the bacterial isolates isolated from the abattoir were found to exhibits antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacteria used in this study. This study indicates that some of the soil microorganisms could be an interesting source of antimicrobial bioactive substances.


The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can change the agroecosystem gradually. These changes may result in a decrease in the diversity of soil organisms. These organisms are very important in the decomposition process of reforming the organic matter into compounds that are readily absorbed by plants. Other changes include a change in the soil structure which will affect the soil chemical and physical characteristic and ultimately affect the soil productivity leading to a decreased agricultural product. The return of the remains from harvest, litter and crop residues from coffee and cocoa crops to the soil will provide energy for soil organisms and it will help maintain the soil environment that supports the life of other organisms. This research aimed at identifying the composition and diversity of mesofauna formed by the composted organic matter in cocoa and coffee plantations. Soil sampling was conducted on coffee and cocoa plantations in the Onelako village of Ndona District. Soil sampling was conducted in September 2010. Soil sampling used Neuman method of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth. Each soil sample was taken to the laboratory. The separation of mesofauna from soil used Berlese-tullgran method that had been modified for 4 days. The separated Meso fauna was identified under the light microscope. The result of this research showed that the highest composition of mesofauna decomposer of organic matter in cocoa and coffee vegetation is Collembola. Collembola is very tolerant to acidic soil condition and they are dominant in the soil and surface habitats that contain lots of litter. Collembola is microarthropods that have large distribution both in quantity and diversity. The highest diversity of mesofauna on coffee vegetation is 1.525 and on cocoa, vegetation is 1.273. It was also noted that at a depth of 0-15 cm there was a higher concentration of mesofauna in the coffee vegetation area, which was about 7.3960, while in the cocoa vegetation there where 3.6376. The high level of the diversity index caused an increase in decomposition and therefore better soil fertility.


This year,the institute accepted the commissiom to actually carry out the research.(BeijingReview,column 3,page 22,Oct.14—20,1996) 上面句子在不定式符号"to"和动词原形之间插入了一个副词actually,把"to"和动词原形分开了。这种结构叫分裂不定式"Split Infinitive"。一些语言学家提及这个问题,但只是轻描淡写,而且各有异议,令人费解,无所适从。 虽然带"to"的不定式通常不拆开,但以报刊英语为例,分裂不定式的用法决非罕见,且为很多人赞同,用得很普通。如果不用分裂不定式,反而不自然,会引起意思上的模糊不清。例如: a.Consumers,on the other hand,should make every effort to constantly enhance their abilityto discern counterfeit foreign goods.(Beijing Review,column 3,page 21,Sept.22—29,1996) b.In order to further develop transportation over the continental bridge,Lianyungang Porthas built ties with nearly 600 ports in 120 countries and regions.(China Today,column 1,page31,Feb.1996)


Background The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LDMF) has been a workhorse for breast reconstruction. Its high rate of donor-site morbidity has led to the advent of the muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi flap (MSLDF). However, there are very limited reports using the MSLDF in irradiated patients. Prior studies of MSLDF have either precluded previously radiated patients from receiving MSLDF or have included them as part of their larger MSLSDF cohort without specifically analyzing their outcome as a separate group or comparing them to the traditional LDMF group. Objective We describe the technique and outcome of MSLDF in both radiated and nonradiated patients and compare the outcome to our LDMF patients. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing breast reconstruction between 2003 and 2020 using either a pedicled MSLDF or LDMF with a transverse skin paddle was conducted. All patients underwent a 2-stage reconstruction with the flap and tissue expander placement done during the first stage, and replacement with implant and, if needed, fat grafting to enhance soft tissue during the second stage. Complications, subjective functional morbidity, and aesthetic outcomes were reviewed. Results A total of 35 MSLDFs and 40 LDMFs were performed: 24 MSLDFs (69%) and 25 LDMFs (63%) were inset into a previously irradiated field. There were 2 cases of infection requiring explantation in both MSLDF (8.3%) and LDMF (8.0%) radiated cohorts. There were no cases of donor-site seroma in the MSLDF cohorts versus 12 (30%) in the LDMF cohorts. Minor distal tip superficial epidermolysis was seen in 5 MSLDFs (14.3%), 3 of which were in the radiated cohort, and in 1 LDMF (2.5%) radiated cohort with no cases of flap loss. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory. Four patients who had a unilateral MSLDF had a completion upper back lift. Conclusions This is the largest series to date demonstrating the use of the MSLDF in both nonradiated and radiated patients and comparing it to a standard LDMF for breast reconstruction by the same surgeon. The pedicled MSLDF is a versatile option for breast reconstruction in radiated patients, and radiation should not be considered a contraindication for its use.


Prior research provides evidence that financial-statement users weight information less heavily in judgment when that information is provided in a less accessible format (e.g., information disclosed in a footnote or less important financial statement rather than being recognized on the income statement (Maines and McDaniel 2000)). We provide evidence that, conditional on users performing the analysis necessary to transform the financial statements to appear as if disclosed information had been recognized, users may weight that information more heavily than it would have been if it had been recognized. Our experiments are set in the context of constructive capitalization of operating leases. The first experiment manipulates three variables that we hypothesize will contribute to this effect: choice to use transformed financial statements, effort spent on the transformation process, and disaggregation of the transformed financial statements. We provide evidence that, in the constructive-capitalization setting we operationalize, effort and disaggregation encourage greater weight on transformed information. The second experiment focuses on the effort effect and replicates it with additional controls. These results have implications for standard setters who consider the relative benefits of recognition and disclosure, and for financial-statement users who transform financial statements as part of their analyses.


The gigantic congenital non parasytic cysts of the liver, are very rare entities, in the pediatric population. They are more frequent in females, and on ocassion can grow to huge dimensions very rapidly. Although, of benign histology, they produce severe health problems related to their size. A case of a 7 month old female baby, the largest documented report found in the literature, is presented with the description of the surgical technique and comparison to the largest series published, by the Boston Children ́s Hospital, USA. Index word: Gigantic congenital non parasytic cysts of the liver; Gigantic congenital cysts. Caso clínico Artemisa medigraphic en línea


Depending (1) on the accuracy required, and the purpose for which the geodetic computations are needed, we can employ as representing the earth's surface, either a plane, sphere, ellipsoid of revolution, triaxial ellipsoid, or geoid. The plane does not require any parameter. The sphere needs one parameter, the earth's radius r. The ellipsoid of revolution requires two, the earth's equator radius a and the flattening a of the meridian. For the triaxial ellipsoid, four parameters are needed ; a and a, mentioned above, and in addition, the flattening ox the equator, a , and the direction Xo, of the major axis of the equator. As for the geoid, it is not a mathematical surface, but depends on the irregular distribution of visible and invisible masses of matter near the earth's surface. Hence, it must be determined by observations, point by point.


The Dilemma of Moon Sighting In The Pmpective of Modem Technology: A Critica! Review Abstract ~ This is the greatesr benevolence of the Islamic "Sbari'ah" on the Mwlims, to have direcred them to practice their religions events in compliance with witnessing the moon through narural and simple method. lt has further extended its favor to them to beld and observe their "Ramadan" and "Eidain" in their own region, on the happening of moon sighting. So far the possibilicy of difference of opinion on the basis of clouds or pollurion, are concerned, the same is removed through the evidences. However, in all these issues Islami c "Shari' ah" has taken the view of the difference of the atmesphere surraunding the mo on at a specifıc time. The main Reason iri the difference of opinions about moon sighting is that some of the scientists think that they can realize the existence of the crescent in the sky through observatocy and other matbem atica! assessments or calculations. This has been very categorically clarified by the modern sciences. So why not we may benefıt from this technology so that we may not be in dire need of producing witnesses for sighting the moon. Ir has therefore become very essentia1 to clarify the "Shari starus" of the use of modern technology in this regard. The article beforehand is aimed to prove that the creation of the mo on is not suffıcient for establishing the sigbting of the moon but as a matter of fact witnessing the same with the naked eyes is required.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of co nt inuous pulmonary perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on lung injury in infants.Methods Thirty infants with ventricular septal defect (VSD)or atrioventricular septal defect(ASD)complicated with pulmonary hypert ension were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups,every group,15 patients, was performed with CPB during the operation.The ratio o f partial pressure of to oxygen in artery to fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas (PaO 2/FiO 2)and neutrophil counts were assessed from pre-sur gery to 24 h later termination of CPB. Results PaO 2/FiO 2 wa s higher in the experiamental group at 3 h,6 h and 12 h than that in the control group(P0.05, P0.01 and P0.001)respectively.Neutrophil counts decreased below prebypass values in both groups at 30 min after aortic unclampi ng, and the difference was significant in the control group but was not in the g roup. Conclusion The arrested pulmonary circulation during CPB is the major risk factor of lung injury and CPB is effective in preventing lung injury.


The composition, distribution, and abundance of ichthyoplankton in the St. Lawrence estuary, including adjacent portions of the Saguenay River and the northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence, were investigated during June–July 1973, June–October 1974, and May–September 1975. The eggs and larvae of 25 species from 14 families (principally osmerids, gadids, cottids, cyclopterids, and pleuronectids) were represented. The larvae, in every year, were almost exclusively forms with demersal eggs. Larvae were consistently more abundant in the upper estuary during every sampling period due to its use as a major spawning and nursery area for several species. Both eggs and larvae were most abundant in June and July. Probable spawning times, areas, and growth of larvae are discussed for selected species. Key words: ichthyoplankton, St. Lawrence estuary, distribution, larvae, osmerids, gadids, cottids, cyclopterids, pleuronectids


Only a simple gray or fuzzy evaluation method can not evaluate the risk of the overall project, objectively and accurately, so use Grey Clustering to get the statistic of gray indicator, construct the fuzzy matrix of project risks, and then establish a risk comprehensive evaluation method, which is a combination of gray and fuzzy matrix. This method can make full use of gray and fuzzy that experts judged the information gray to enable the project risk evaluation is more objective and accurate. This method is applied to the integrated logistics supply chain in the China Coal Construction1First Group and the project risk evaluation results show that this method is feasible and effective.


This paper reports on how Internet facilities and their usage are developing in the UK. It is primarily intended to enable a comparison with the position in the USA, the Mother of the Internet. It begins with a summary of the author's experience of moving to the Internet world from the OSI world, and then discusses trends in UK usage, the relative use of different Internet facilities, the growth of service providers, possible future developments, and some general issues.


Foreword - Mohan Kaul PART ONE: THE CHALLENGE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Human Resource Development Concept and Background Human Resources and Economic Development Strategic Interventions An Overview PART TWO: STRATEGIC INTERVENTION IN HRD SECTORS AND TARGET GROUPS Health Basic Education Adult Education Technical and Vocational Education Higher Education Science and Technology Environment Empowerment of Women Entrepreneurial Skills for the Poor and Unemployed PART THREE: STRATEGIC PROCESS INTERVENTIONS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Using Non-Governmental Organizations Decentralization and Enhancing Participation Mobilizing Resources Enhancing Coordination Professionalizing Government The Role of Government Priorities and Policies


With the prominence of economic concerns in health policy discussions, increasing attention has been paid to the economic costs of illness. Expert assessments of policies to confront major health problems now routinely include consideration of illness costs. In occupational health policy, however, this is not the case. Illness costs have been routinely excluded from consideration in the debates over controversial proposals for workplace safety regulations. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is mandated by Congress to study the economic impact of proposed industry regulations. However, NIOSH has limited the economic impact analysis to econometric forecasts of labor


It is expensive to simulate large-scale neural networks on hardware while ensuring a high resemblance to the original neurons' behavior. This paper introduces a novel technique to facilitate digital implementation and computer simulation of neuron models that contain an exponential term. This technique is applied to a biologically realistic neuron model called Adaptive Exponential integrated and fire (AdEx). Hardware synthesis and physical implementations show that the resulting model can reproduce precise neural behavior with high performance and considerably lower implementation costs compared with the original AdEx model.


The demand for automatically annotating and retrieving medical images is growing faster than ever. In this paper, we present a novel medical image retrieval method based on SEMI-supervised semantic error-correcting output codes (SEMI-SECC). The experimental results on IMAGECLEF 2005 annotation data set clearly show the strength and the promise of the presented methods


THE ACTIVATION of large quantities of trypsin is considered to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. 1 In animals, 2-5 as well as in patients, 4,6-11 the course of inflammatory disorders of the pancreas has been favorably influenced by an antitryptic agent (Trasylol). It appears that this drug inhibits the formation of trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes. 6 Since in previous investigations use of this compound was followed by a decrease of the mortality in experimentally produced pancreatitis in animals, it could be anticipated to have a prophylactic action as well. 4,12 This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of its antitryptic activity in dogs which were submitted to experimental pancreatitis. Materials and Methods Adult mongrel fasting dogs weighing approximately 15 kg (33 lb ) were used. In a control series, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced in 20 dogs by a modified Elliott technique. 13


Withdrawn: K5 In vivo, intrinsic kinematics of the foot and ankle Toni Arndt, Chris Nester, Paul Lundgren, Arne Lundberg, Peter Wolf Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden; The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, 11486, Sweden; University of Salford, Salford, M6 6PU, UK; ETH Zurich, 8092, Switzerland E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2012, 5(Suppl 1):K5 Background: There are obvious problems involved in the accurate description of movement of the intrinsic bones within the foot and ankle. The 26 small bones are difficult, if not impossible to individually represent with standard skin mounted markers for motion analysis [1,2]. This international research collaboration has performed a number of studies in which invasively inserted intracortical pins are used for anchoring reflective markers, thereby providing a direct representation of the kinematics of the individual segments. Materials and methods: A number of experimental sessions have been performed at Karolinska Institute. The intracortical pins were inserted by experienced orthopaedic surgeons under sterile conditions and using local anaesthetics (Figure 1). Triads of reflective markers were attached to the protruding ends of the pins and standard video based motion analysis (Qualysis, Sweden) conducted. Data have been published concerning walking [3] and slow running [4] and more recent work has for the first time investigated applied scientific questions such as the effect of shoe manipulations and in-shoe orthotics. Results: Conclusions: A large range of fundamental data concerning foot and ankle kinematics during walking and running and with various manipulations have been collected and will be presented. References 1. Nester C, et al: Foot kinematics during walking measured using bone and surface mounted markers. J Biomech 2007, 40:3412-3423. 2. Westblad P, et al: Differences in Ankle-Joint Complex Motion during the Stance Phase of Walking as measured by Superficial or Bone anchored Markers. Foot Ankle Int 2002, 23:856-863. 3. Lundgren P, et al: Invasive, in vivo measurement of rear, mid and forefoot motion during walking. Gait Posture 2008, 28:93-100. 4. Arndt A, et al: Intrinsic foot kinematics measured in vivo during the stance phase of slow running. J Biomech 2007, 40:2672-2678. K6 An intelligent sport shoe to prevent ankle inversion sprain injury Daniel TP Fong Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong E-mail: email@example.com Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2012, 5(Suppl 1):K6 Background: Ankle sprain injury is common in sports. This study presents an intelligent sport shoe to prevent it. Materials and methods: (1) Sensing: Five subjects performed various sporting motions with data collected from a plantar pressure system to reconstruct the ankle supination torque determined from a motion capture system with a force plate. Validation test on another five subjects was conducted. (2) Identification: Six subjects performed simulated sub-injury and non-injury trials with the dorsal foot kinematics measured by 8 wearable motion sensors. Data was used to train a support vector machine to establish a mathematics algorithm for identification, which was validated on another 6 subjects, with an expected accuracy of 90%. An uni-axial gyrometer was placed at the position with the best accuracy for identifying ankle sprain hazard, with a threshold suggested from a database of ankle inversion velocity from real injury incidents, sub-injury trials and non-injury motions. (3) Correction: Myoelectric stimulations with different delay time (0, 5, 10 and 15ms) were delivered to the peroneal muscles of 10 subjects Figure 1(abstract K5) Computer tomography images of the marker locations on intracortical pins in foot and ankle segments. Table 1(abstract K5) Mean total ranges of motion (ROM) and standard deviations of motion about selected joints in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes during walking. Data from six healthy, male subjects. From Lundgren et al., 2008 plane calc-tib calc-tal nav-tal cub-calc cub-nav ROM [°] SD ROM [°] SD ROM [°] SD ROM [°] SD ROM [°] SD sag 17.0 2.1 6.8 1.4 8.4 1.1 9.7 5.2 7.2 2.4 front 11.3 3.5 9.8 1.8 14.9 6.1 11.3 3.9 8.8 4.4 trans 7.3 2.4 7.5 2.0 16.3 6.5 8.1 2.0 8.9 4.3 Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2012, Volume 5 Suppl 1 http://www.jfootankleres.com/supplements/5/S1 Page 3 of 56


Проаналізовано методи та методики викладання, а також особливості організації вивчення курсу історії
Давніх Греції та Риму на основі робіт студентів спеціальності "Музеєзнавство та пам'яткоохоронна діяльність". Studying the course in Ancient Greece and Rome history primarily is associated with the departments of History in
Ukrainian classical or pedagogical universities. However, with the advent of new specialties of humanities in higher
education in Ukraine, the problem of adapting teaching of these subjects for students studying related to the craft of history
specialties and in some form involve ancient history and culture studies. An examples of such specialty area of training are
Museum management and Protection of historical monuments. The purpose of this article is to study the characteristics of
teaching course in the history of ancient Greece and Rome for students of Museology and Protection of monuments
specialty and finding the methods of adaptating these training courses to students.
The best way to cover the discipline that now dominates in the world of science and teaching practice is not factual
or sociological but civilizational and humanitarian. Thus in the center of attention appear the complex characteristics of
ancient societies with a focus on culture and religion, on the people and their behavior, lifestyle or mentality. Special
attention is paid to the study of material culture of ancient civilization, preserved monuments of art, military affairs and
economy. It has a dual role: on the one hand, students became better acquainted with the achievements of ancient culture
and the other is based on the cultural achievements of ancient civilization that help students to learn how to distinguish
directly in practice the concepts of cultural monuments, historical heritage and became aware of the importance of activities
related to the preservation of the past.
Teaching the History of Ancient Greece and Rome course for students studying the Museology and Protection of
monuments specialty comes from the thesis about the role of the course in the system of students' professional training. The
course has to form not only a basic knowledge of the history and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, but also to shape the
needed for further learning process skills and for the full development of the specialist in field of Museology or Monuments
preserving. Searching the methods of teaching the history of ancient Greece and Rome for students of Museology and
Protection of monuments specialty is in the process of dynamic development. Learning not only history but also the culture
of antiquity for future specialists in this field encourages to test the methods that involve obtaining historical knowledge
through actualization knowledge in culture and monuments.


Goal. To determine the optimal parameters of various types of pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage, which is used in the control systems of the electromagnetic vibration drive to create resonant vibrating machines and control the parameters of the working body of the vibrating machine in the resonant mode. Method. The work is based on the analysis of the spectrum of the main three forms of PWM signals in their low-frequency region, to which the oscillating mechanical system of vibrating machines responds. To estimate the PWM-encoded sine wave corresponding to the resonant frequency of the vibrating machine, the mean square deviation was used in the time domain, and the nonlinear distortion coefficient (harmonic) was used in the spectral domain. Results. The results. A mathematical apparatus was built and a connection was established between the oscillating mechanical system of the vibrating machine, the external PWM parameters and the characteristics of the sinusoidal signal encoded by it in the time and spectral domains. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a mathematical model was obtained and the influence of the parameters of the oscillating mechanical system of the vibrating machine and the carrier frequency of the pulse-width modulated voltage on the root-mean-square deviation and the coefficient of nonlinear distortions (harmonics) of the signal feeding the electromagnetic vibration drive was simulated. Practical significance. A technique for calculating the carrier frequency of the PWM sinusoidal voltage is proposed, which can be used to develop an algorithm for controlling power switches (transistors) and choosing the type of power switches at the stage of designing the power part of control systems with an electromagnetic vibration drive of controlled and adaptive vibration machines.


The transformative approach to sidelobe reductions using the electronically displaced phase enter antenna technique is investigated in a planar array configuration in this paper. A physically periodic rectangular-lattice array is electronically reconfigured into an aperiodic planar array to lower the sidelobe levels without any physical displacement while maintaining the same array size. The sidelobe reduction capability of the E-DPCA technique is further bolstered by combining it with the array thinning method to achieve about 8.6 dB reduction in a 7×7 planar physically-periodic rectangular array without any mechanical movement.


Evacuation decision during flood disasters indicates the choice of households to evacuate or stay from area at risk. This may be viewed as simple decision but involves complex behavioral and other external factors. Evacuation decision serves as key input to transportation planning in the event of flood, hence, careful consideration of the factors that deter mine this decision should be done. Such factors include broadly the characteristics of households and their capacity as well as risk-related factors. This review identifies the factors by bringing together findings from viewpoint of evacuation managers and social scientists as well as transportation planners. Further research is needed to identif y the interrelationships of these factors for consideration in evacuation transportation planning and modeling.


In the present research, efficiency of hydrogen peroxide and the LP system as a preservative for raw goat milk was studied comparatively with refrigeration. Raw milk was kept for 15h at (i) 4±1°C, (ii) 20°C with the addition of 100 ppm H2O2 and 20:20 ppm SCN: H2O2, and at (iii) 35°C with the addition of 400 ppm H2O2 and 60:60 ppm SCN: H2O2. Residual thiocyanate, titratable acidity, resazurin index, rennet coagulation time and starter culture activity were determined at 3-h intervals in milk samples during the storage. Addition of 100 ppm H2O2 or 20:20 ppm SCN: H2O2 to milk at 20°C was shown to be alternative methods of preservation for 15h to refrigerated storage without causing any deleterious effects on quality of milk. Hydrogen peroxide was found to be more effective by an increase in storage temperature to 35°C than the LP system activation. Increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide resulted in a significant prolongation on rennet clotting time, and a reduction in starter culture activity. Rennet coagulation time of milk prolonged more with the milk sample stored at refrigeration temperature than that of the milk preserved with LP system activation. Effect of refrigerated storage on starter culture activity was less than the effect of LP system.


The part of land, which was given the name of barren land by the Holy QURAN due to infirtility, that land was spiritually, considered the most fertile place in the whole world. This land was centralized geographically as well as spiritually in the world. Hazrat Adam a.s, by constructing first building for the worship of ALLAH almighty, laid the foundation of civil engineering. On the contrary, Hazrat Ibrahim a.s wanted to flourish this land with the blood of his beloved son. Finally, this land reached to the apex of spiritual upliftment with the Holy blood of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of ALLAH be upon him). In its different corners, the Holy message of ALLAH was revealed, then it was named as Arz-ul-QURAN. In the Holy QURAN there is discussion about different tribes, cities and places of Arab but on this particular topic, since the emergance of Islam till twentieth century nothing was discussed. That's why the people of west tried to prove through ancient monuments and archeological findings that these facts have no comparison with the Holy QURAN. Syed Sulaiman Nadvi and Syed Modudi were the pioneers, who got the privilege to write on the topic of Arz-ul-QURAN. Syed Sulaiman Nadvi in two volumes while Syed Modudi in one volume wrote the history of this land on the behalf of entire Muslim Ummah. The comparison of these two books is being discussed in this article.


Objective To explore the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins in hippocampus of rats exposed to EMP.Methods Wistar rats were exposed to EMP(6×10~4V·m~(-1)) and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and neural celladhesion molecule(NCAM) proteins in hippocampus were detected with Western blot analysis.Results The level of BDNF increased 25.8% more in exposed group than in control group 6 h after EMP exposure(P0.05),then decreased gradually.7 d after exposure BDNF rose again(32.2% more in exposed group than in control group,P0.05).The expression of NCAM protein increased 8.1% more in exposed group than in control group 6~12 h after exposure(P0.05),and decreasod 10.8% more 3 d after exposure(P0.05),and again increased 14.1% more 7 d after exposure(P0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation of BDNF and NCAM may play a role in positive alteration of synaptic plasticity during the early stage after EMP irradiation.


Structures are important to the practice of information technology (IT) evaluation. Structures, as evidenced by 14 case studies and the words of six financial directors, are defined here as organizational responses, including user committees and responsibility accounting, quantitative assessments of IT projects, such as financial appraisals, and qualitative assessments. Structures in practice seem to allow for a changing world in which projects are accepted according to business needs and subsequent actions lead accepted projects to be adapted and managed as time passes. In order to manage IT technology in this way, structures alone are important but not sufficient. Active individuals have an important role to play and credibility becomes an important factor in evaluation and implementation. The credibility of IT management is created by its selling of the project in the first place and then by its ability to manage the project in a responsive way. Credible strategists are at least as important as a strategy to the evaluation of IT.


The kinetics of reaction of lithium deuteride powder with O_2, CO_2 and water vapor is (studied.) The experimental results show that lithium deuteride reacts with O_2 and CO_2 at very small (reaction) rate but with water vapor at comparatively larger rate at room temperature (≈28 ℃). The reaction process with water vapor could be described using the unreacted shrinking core model. The second-order kinetics is appropriate for the chemical reaction on the surface of lithium deuteride and reaction rate constant is 0.281 kPa~(-1)·min~(-1).


Abstract
The objective of this chapter is twofold: (1) to analyse meanings and practices regarding the work-family balance of fathers from different social and cultural backgrounds and (2) to explore how infancy experts and workplace cultures can influence the paid work and childcare reconciliation practices of native and immigrant fathers in Italy, in particular, from the point of view of fathers making the transition to parenthood. Little attention is paid to the role of infancy experts and workplace cultures in shaping fathers' reconciliation perspectives. Moreover, little research has been dedicated to parenting practices among immigrant families from the fathers' point of view. We investigate how parenthood is perceived and experienced by native and immigrant fathers, focussing on cultural differences with regard to beliefs about gender roles, children's needs and childbearing. Our work is based on a qualitative analysis of 61 qualitative interviews with fathers, born in Italy, Romania, Peru and Morocco living in (the north of) Italy, carried out between 2010 and 2015. The results show how both infancy experts and workplace cultures tend to reinforce the widespread hegemonic ideals on 'good father as provider' both for natives and for immigrant fathers, despite their different socio-cultural backgrounds.


As a promising midtemperature thermoelectric material with both higher thermoelectric performance and mechanical property, Tellurium Antimony Germanium Silver (TAGS-x), written as (GeTe)x(AgSbTe2)1-x, especially (GeTe)0.85(AgSbTe2)0.15 (TAGS-85), has attracted wide attention. Herein, we innovatively use Nd doping to synergistically decrease the carrier concentration to the optimal level leading to enhanced dimensionless figure of merit, zT. Our density-functional theory calculation results indicate that Nd-doping reduced carrier concentration should be attributed to the enlargement of band gap. The optimized carrier concentration results in an ultrahigh power factor of ~32 μW cm-1 K-2 at 727 K in Ge0.74Ag0.13Sb0.11Nd0.02Te. Simultaneously, the lattice thermal conductivity of Ge0.74Ag0.13Sb0.11Nd0.02Te retained as low as ~0.5 at 727 K. Ultimately, a record-high zT of 1.65 at 727 K is observed in the Ge0.74Ag0.13Sb0.11Nd0.02Te. This study indicates rare-earth Nd doping is effective in boosting the thermoelectric performance of TAGS-85 and approached a record-high level via synergistic effect.


The aim of this study is to establish a protocol for plants regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Tabaquillo (Nicotiana glauca). N. glauca is a wild species used to graft tree tomato (Solanum betaceae) in soils infested by nematodes, due to its immunity against the attack of this plague in which case the tree tomato is susceptible. Grafting is an expensive process, so it would be economically more useful to generate varieties of tree tomato resistant to nematodes. This has been very difficult because the resistance has not been found within the species, or wild relatives of tree tomato.


This study investigated the effect short-term aerobic exercise on liver function of students of the College of Health Sciences, Okofia, Nnewi, Nigeria. A total of 41students aged 18-28years comprising of 22 males and 19 females who volunteered to participate in the study for one week were recruited. Their blood pressure readings and body mass index (BMI) were obtained, 5mls each of baseline (day zero) and post exercise(day 8) samples were collected into lithium heparin containers for estimation of biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, ALT, Bilirubin, Albumin and Total protein) respectively using standard methods. The results showed that the mean plasma activities of ALP, AST and plasma levels of Total bilirubin and Albumin in subjects were significantly higher after exercise when compared to their activities before exercise (P=0.046; 0.017; 0.047; 0.012) respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma level of total protein and ALT activity in subject before and after exercise. SBP was strongly association with exercise in this study (p=0.087). it is important to impose exercise restrictions for at least one week before clinical trials or tests especially liver function tests. Exercise should be considered as a cause of asymptomatic elevations of liver function tests in daily clinical practice to reduce the risk of erroneous attribution of changes in liver function to pathological conditions or drug effects.


The present invention discloses a linear guide apparatus. Each rolling element disposed on both end portions of the slider-side rolling groove 11 of the inclined portion 15 by a first convex surface 18 of the second convex face plane 19, and the second convex surface disposed in the slider and between the inclined surface 20 constituting the end surface of the body, the first convex surface 18 is formed as a curved surface shape having a large radius of curvature, and continues to gently rolling element rolling groove of the slider from the inclined side of the plane two convex surface 19 adjacent to the first convex surface and extending toward the inner circumferential surface of the turning path, and the second convex surface inclination steeper than the first convex surface, and the ratio of the length along the axial direction the first short convex surface; the inclined surface 20 is formed steeper than the first and the second convex surface.


The quench characteristics, particularly the normal-zone propagation and increase in hot-spot temperature, of REBa2Cu3Ox (REBCO) coated conductors are important issues for safe operation in the superconducting applications. Although experimental data on the quench characteristics of REBCO coated conductors have been reported only limited data is available specifically on REBCO coated conductors laminated with Cu tape of thickness no less than 0.1 mm, which are expected to be used for high-current operation in future superconducting applications. Here we reported experimental measurements of the normal-zone propagation velocity (NZPV) in REBCO coated conductors laminated with Cu tape of 0.1 mm thickness at 77, 65 and 50 K in a background magnetic field. We also compared these results with the NZPV at 77 K of REBCO coated conductors laminated with Cu stabilizer tape of thickness 0.05 and 0.3 mm.


The accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) as a storage compound in eukaryotic algae has been the subject of extensive studies over the last 50 years. The model industrial alga Chlorella sorokiniana accumulates TAG and other storage compounds under nitrogen (N)-limited growth. Previously we used transcriptomics to explore the regulation of TAG synthesis in C. sorokiniana. Surprisingly, our analysis showed that the expression of several key genes encoding enzymes involved in plastidic fatty acid synthesis are significantly repressed. Metabolic labeling with radiolabeled acetate showed that de novo fatty acid synthesis is indeed downregulated under N-limitation. Likewise, inhibition of the Target of Rapamycin kinase (TOR), a key regulator of metabolism and growth, decreased fatty acid synthesis. We compared the changes in proteins and phosphoprotein abundance using a proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach in C. sorokiniana cells under N-limitation or TOR inhibition and found extensive overlap between the N-limited and TOR-inhibited conditions. We also identified changes in the phosphorylation levels of TOR complex proteins, TOR-kinase and RAPTOR, under N-limitation, indicating that TOR signaling is altered. Our results indicate that under N-limitation there is significant metabolic remodeling, including fatty acid synthesis, mediated by TOR signaling. We find that TOR-mediated metabolic remodeling of fatty acid synthesis under N-limitation is conserved in the chlorophyte algae Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.


This article addresses the relation of the 'unknown' to the 'known' at two periods of European thought. At the time of Columbus the unknown was linked to the known through the notion of 'discovery' within a given canon of knowledge: note is taken ofcertain intellectual implications. The article then moves to the present-day with its greater possibility of freeing the unknown from necessary linkage to the known: here attention is given to the notion of 'invention' contra discovery and of referentiality contra canonicity. Thence the positions of Columbus and EvansPritchard are compared and aspects of the praxis of anthropology put under brief critical review, respecting the paradox implicit throughout the article of knowing the unknown.


Following the publication of Ma Licheng's provocative article "New thinking on relations with Japan," 2003 China witnessed a remarkable public debate on Japan policy. Academics tangled with internet nationalists, and heavy pressure was put on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take a tough line on Japan. The crushing defeat of the "new thinking" and a spate of anti-Japanese protests on the Chinese street and in Chinese cyberspace portends trouble in East Asia.


A new method for the determination of the dielectric properties of thin liquid films between metal surfaces is reported. The distance dependence of the dielectric constant εs, near the solid surface is introduced to be
equation image
where εb is the bulk value of the dielectric constant: x is a distance coordinate and α and β are parameters which can be evaluated on the basis of a theory founded on the model of a spherical/flat condenser plate system.A detailed description of the experimental set‐up is given. First results show that the dielectric constant in thin liquid layers can be altered when these exhibit a molecular long‐range orientation, which was detected by other methods.


It has been suggested that the GeV excess, observed from the region surrounding the Galactic Center, might originate from a population of millisecond pulsars that formed in globular clusters. With this in mind, we employ the publicly available Fermi data to study the gamma-ray emission from 157 globular clusters, identifying a statistically significant signal from 25 of these sources (ten of which are not found in existing gamma-ray catalogs). We combine these observations with the predicted pulsar formation rate based on the stellar encounter rate of each globular cluster to constrain the gamma-ray luminosity function of millisecond pulsars in the Milky Way's globular cluster system. We find that this pulsar population exhibits a luminosity function that is quite similar to those millisecond pulsars observed in the field of the Milky Way (i.e. the thick disk). After pulsars are expelled from a globular cluster, however, they continue to lose rotational kinetic energy and become less luminous, causing their luminosity function to depart from the steady-state distribution. Using this luminosity function and a model for the globular cluster disruption rate, we show that millisecond pulsars born in globular clusters can account for only a few percent or less of the observed GeV excess. Among other challenges, scenarios in which the entire GeV excess is generated from such pulsars are in conflict with the observed mass of the Milky Way's Central Stellar Cluster.


A low SAR WWAN antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna structure constructed an IFA (inverter-F antenna) with a shorted loop structure for tablet device application with low SAR performance. The antenna elements are printed on a compact size and single layer FR4 substrate of size 51.2 × 8.2 × 0.4 mm3 and fed by a 50 Ω coaxial cable with I-PEX connector. The proposed antenna can support triplet-bands (850/1900/2100) of WWAN communication system that covers 824~894 MHz, 1850~1990 MHz and 1920~2170 MHz and operate with around 40% radiation efficiency across these bands. The active performance of TRP we measured is about 28.5 dBm and 27.5 dBm in GRPS 850/1900 bands respectively and about 19.5~21.5 dBm in both WCDMA band II and band V. The SAR (specific absorption rate) performance of tablet back and tip side that we measured are less than 1.3 mW/g in low and high band which can meet FCC SAR limitation within 1.6 mW/g. All simulation data are simulated by SPEAG SEMCAD software tool [1] and SAR results are measured by SPEAG DASY5 SAR equipment.


— High speed data transmission is the current scenario in networking environment. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is essential method for detecting error when the data is transmitted. About the speed of transmitting data, and to synchronize with speed, it is necessary to increase speed of CRC generation. Starting from the serial architecture a recursive formula was used from which parallel design is obtained. But in this paper presents 64 bits parallel CRC architecture based on F matrix with order of generator polynomial is 32. It is hardware efficient and required 50% less cycles to generate CRC with same order of generator polynomial. Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are one of the most widely used block error-correcting codes in modern communication and computer systems. Multiplication is the key computation in RS encoding. Adopting the generator polynomial with symmetric coefficients, the number of multipliers in RS encoders can be reduced by half, and their power consumption may also reduce.


Abstract : The report covers three relatively distinct areas of investigations; studies of Al2O3 and Si3N4 thin films, reactions in thin solid films and doping by ion implantation. Common to all this work is the use of ion backscattering spectrometry as the principle analytical tool, supported by a number of other techniques. Among these, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were found to be particularly well suited to supplement backscattering. (Modified author abstract)


The transport phenomema electrokinesis and dielectrophoresis are studied theoretically, experimentally, and computationally. Novel electrokinesis-based microfluidic devices are synthesized to solve practical engineering problems including turning and injecting analyte bands. The novel experimental methodology used to validate the theory and computational software tools is described and presented. Finally, the computational software tools developed to assist with both practical design and fundamental theory are presented.


In this brief, miniaturized balanced-to-unbalanced (BTU) and balanced-to-balanced (BTB) filtering power dividers (FPDs) are proposed. Using one multi-mode dielectric resonator with multiple feeding probes, a single-cavity structure for BTU FPD is constructed, showing a compact size. Then, the circuit topology is analyzed, where the impedance in each branch can be adjusted to distribute the input power to two outputs with different ratios by only controlling the coupling coefficients. In this way, a BTU FPD with a very simple structure can be designed with arbitrary power division ratio. Besides, by replacing the two unbalanced output feeding probes in the BTU FPD as balanced ones, a BTB FPD can also be realized with controllable power division ratios. The working mechanism of the proposed designs is detailed. The proposed circuits are verified with good simulated and measured results.