Through a careful consideration and emphasis on culture, this paper demonstrates the lack of utility of theories of oppositional culture and downward assimilation in describing the trajectories of disadvantaged immigrant second generation youth. The paper compares low income second generation teenagers (US- and UK-born children of immigrants) in London and New York City by using school ethnographic, interview (n=130), and survey (n=191) data. Finding that youth in both cities express positive attitudes toward school and education; strong preferences for African American- inspired hip-hop music and styles; and the need to act tough and maintain self-pride, the paper concludes that Nondominant Cultural Capital (NDCC) is a better concept to explain minority urban youth culture (Carter, 2005). NDCC is a form of capital that buys youth symbolic status in their peer social world, much like Bourdieu's cultural capital buys symbolic status within dominant society. Most youth are constantly looking to gain status among their peers, and NDCC is what buys them status. NDCC is based on the socio-cultural world that urban youth embody, and, like other types of cultures, it includes a set of rules behavior, taste preferences, and interactional styles. This youth culture is not constructed in opposition to dominant school norms, but rather outside of them. The most successful teenagers are those who are able to succeed academically as well as within their peer world of NDCC. Indeed, this, rather than rejecting mainstream society and norms, is what most youth say they strive for. Carter, P. (2005). Forthcoming. Oxford University Press.


Hybrid striped bass (HSB) strips ere dipped in chlorine or distilled water and packaged in 60% CO 2 , 6% O 2 , and 34% N 2 (MAP) or in AIR. APC reached 10 6 CFU/g after 4 days for AIR and 10 days for MAP fish. Sensory panelists detected a whiter color flesh in fish treated with chlorine. Hypoxanthine increased while IMP decreased and ADP and ATP did not change throughout. If inosine was excluded in the predictor, a modified K value (K * ) could be applicable as a freshness indicator of freshwater HSB but storage environment should be specified. K * values correlated highly with APC for AIR (R 2 =0.84) and MAP packs (R 2 =0.85)


A table of totally complex quartic fields, with small discriminants, which possess quadratic subfields was given by Delone and Faddeev(1); the purpose of the present paper is to give a table of such fields which have no subfield. The method used is based on an idea used recently (2) in the case of totally real quartic fields and depends on a special case of the following theorem, which is stated in full generality.


Objective To investigate the effect of isovolumic hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (200/0.5) on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Eighty-four male Wistar rats weighing 230-280g were randomly divided into 3 groups: group Ⅱ sham operation (S , n = 20); group ischemia-reperfusion (Ⅱ , n = 32) and groupⅢ hemodilution with 6% HES (200/0.05) (H, n =32) . Group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were further divided into 4 equal subgroups with 8 animals in each subgroup: 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h after beginning of reperfusion. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent occlusion of bilateral vertebral arteries and cross-clamping of bilateral common carotid arteries for 10min and then clamping was released for reperfusion. In group Ⅲ acute normal volumic hemodilution was performed at 10 min after reperfusion was begun. 1ml/100g of blood was removed from artery and equal volume of 6% HES(200/0.5) was infused into the vein simultaneously. Hct was checked before and after hemodilution. The animals were decapitated at designed time and brain tissue was removed from ischemic area and frozen in liquid nitrogen. ICAM-1 expression was determined by using immunohistochemical technique. Results ICAM-1 expression significantly increased after 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ as compared with in group Ⅰ (P0.01). ICAM-1 expression after 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h reperfusion in group Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅱ ( P 0.05 ). Conclusion The expression of ICAM-1 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion greatly increases, Hemodilution with 6% HES (200/0.05) can significantly reduce the increase in ICAM-1 expression induced by ischemia-reperfusion at the early period of reperfusion.


Through "prolonged illness enters into venation" theory,combining the pathogenic characteristics and clinical symptoms of elderly rheumatoid arthritis,it was discussed that the relevancy of blood stasis and elderly rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis,and discuss the therapy of promoting blood circulation to dredge collaterals in older rheumatoid arthritis in therapeutic value.


Abstract In phase thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) in the temperature range 573–973 K (300–700°C) and isothermal fatigue behaviour at 973 K in air were studied for type 316 stainless steel using smooth cylindrical specimens machined from base metal, weld metal, and the weld joint (cross-weld). In all joint specimens, fatigue failure occurred in the weld metal region. The lifetimes of weld metal and joint specimens were almost equal and were always inferior to those of base metal specimens. In the base metal, the effect of strain rate on the isothermal fatigue life was not very significant. Although TMF lifetimes were always a little shorter than the isothermal fatigue lifetimes in base metal, the difference was small for the same mechanical strain range and similar strain rate. This may be because the fracture mode for both types of loading was of a similar mixed type. Conversely, a dramatic reduction in lifetime was observed in weld metal and joint specimens under TMF in comparison with isothermal fatigue. This was attributed to the additional damage caused by many independent subsurface cracks at σ phase boundaries and linkage of these cracks with the surface crack, leading to rapid crack propagation. The δ ferrite in the weld metal completely transformed to σ phase in both the isothermal fatigue and TMF tests.


The purpose of the research is to confirm that general country attribute; service quality and the redeployment strategies are variables needed by the company to smooth the process of the merger and acquisition. The main research framework was replicated from the work of Lee and Lee 2011 with alterations to suit the context of the current study. The data were collected from 150 respondents through offline and online questionnaire. Simple and multiple linear regressions are the hypothesis testing chosen for this study. ANOVA and Post-Hoc Duncan are performed to differentiate which of the five redeployment strategies is the best used by the company after done the merger and acquisition. The results conclude that general country attributes and service quality are positively linked to purchase intention in the case of Tigerair Mandala Airlines. Country of origin was found to have the most significant influence toward purchase intention, whereas service quality has the significant influence toward purchase intention.


In this article static test is done on an excessive cover thickness plate to verify that the plate can meet normal performance or not, through measuring the deformation and crack width and analysis values and norms to allow comparative,so as to ensure the safety of the floor.


The effects of endocarp removal either before or after dessication and storage, and of humidification prior to testing the seeds for germination were investigated to determine whether these factors might help to explain the contradictions in the literature regarding the survival of coffee seeds in storage


New configurations and technologies like adaptive morphing trailing edges offer the potential to improve the fuel efficiency of commercial transport aircraft. Using modern computational tools, it has become possible to effectively analyze the extent to which this technology improves aircraft performance. Parametrizing high fidelity structural models coupled to RANS-based aerodynamics with hundreds of variables provides the accuracy necessary to complete a meaningful comparison of aircraft with an without morphing wing technology. Using this computational approach, we perform multipoint aerostructural optimization, to provide an objective function which can leverage the adaptability provided by wing morphing. We show that for a 7-point mulitpoint, the addition of a morphing trailing edge device along the aft 40% of the wing can reduce cruise fuel burn by more than 5%. A large portion of the savings produced by morphing trailing edges result from a significant reduction in structural weight, enabled by adaptive maneuver load alleviation. We also show that a smaller morphing device along the aft 30% of the wing produces nearly as much fuel burn reduction as the larger morphing device, and that morphing technology is particularly effective for high aspect ratio wings.


We develop a procedure for determining whether a square complex matrix is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric (i.e., self-transpose) matrix. Our approach has several advantages over existing methods. We discuss these differences and present a number of examples.


e12577Background: Studies have shown obesity to be risk factor for many breast cancer (BC) subtypes, particularly in ER+ postmenopausal BC. Patients (pts) with BC and overweight/obesity have a worse prognosis. Here we investigate body mass index (BMI) and weight trends among BC survivors. Methods: A retrospective review of a BC research database at Cancer Treatment Centers of America Atlanta from 2012-12/29/17. Definition of a survivor: pts who completed definitive therapy with no evidence of disease. Survivor BMI & weight gain (kg) calculated from chart review. Weight change (Δ) in kg was recorded at baseline +/- post chemotherapy (CH) +/- endocrine therapy (ET), at 3, 6, 9, 12 month (mo) follow up (f/u). Patients who did not receive CH or ET not included in long term f/u analysis. Inclusion: BC pts ≥ 18 yo, all subgroups (ER+/-, PR+/-, HER2+/-), stage 0-IIIC, pts who completed surgery +/- CH +/- ET. Exclusion: Pts who died, had relapsed local or metastatic disease; missing BMI data; pts enrolled in clin...


Since the foundation of the Centro de Estudios Historicos in Madrid (1910), a group of Human Studies researchers began working in a project for establishing a new conception of the Spanish History and Culture. They incorporated European thought concepts and ideas, especially French and German scientific methodologies which allowed them to utilize critical and scientific tools to shape a new cultural nationalism based on a different historical background. Researching the origins of the Spanish Language and Literature, Menendez Pidal's philological school tried to achieve the same goals by proving three basic ideas: 1. Castilla in the birthplace of Spain's national conscience; 2. Spaniards are the representatives of such national conscience; and 3. West European culture as a spiritual frame into which Spain's national culture will be added.


ISS and XPS spectra were obtained for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts made by two different preparative methods. Quantitative XPS measurements were used with ISS depth profiles to demonstrate that quantitative ISS data could be obtained despite the irregular structure of catalyst surfaces. Atomic compositions as a function of depth were then obtained by (1) use of ISS data directly or (2) by XPS formalism using a non-constant depth distribution.


Reclamation project is very efficient development plan which saves the sea to create new land in case of Republic of Korea where the population density is high and urbanization is still in progress. However, reclamation project is necessary to be managed consistently because to install the artificial structures in natural terrain may cause the environmental change. Thus, in this study, we suggested the remote sensing method as the efficient management plan about large-scale reclamation project and derived quantitative environmental change based on this method.


An integrated method for large-scale introduction of wind farms with the associated extension of the transmission grid and connection to existing access points was investigated. Simultaneous planning is needed as the location of the wind farm plays a key role in the cost of transmission network construction, and vice versa. A common geospatial platform was introduced. Candidate wind farm locations with suitable wind speeds and topographical features were selected, taking account of the minimum power capacity required. Transmission network extensions were then mapped, to provide connections to existing access points. Optimization of wind farm siting and transmission network topology was demonstrated.


Having studied these changes, P.G. Berezhansky (Problems of Oncology, vol. I book 2) comes to the conclusion that the beneficial effect of Ka treatment is the result of a number of complex phenomena, among which the author especially highlights


With the popularity of using Linux for embedded systems, its real-time performance is increasingly becoming an importance issue for applications that require short latency and task execution predictability as commonly encountered in many embedded systems. This paper presents a survey of the approaches used by commercial vendors and open source community to enhance the real-time performance of the Linux kernel. It outlines some of the main factors that affect the real-time performance of the Linux kernel and describes the two general approaches that are used to improve the real-time performance of the kernel, follows by a comparative study of the various real-time enhanced versions of the Linux that are created for embedded systems.


An algebraic classification of the Ricci tensor is given in terms of its invariant two-space structure. The method involves classifying a complex fourth-order tensor which is algebraically equivalent to the trace-free Ricci tensor and which has all the algebraic symmetries of the (complex) Riemann tensor.


In this paper, the effects of macroparticle (MP) weighting on the plasma discharge, particularly near the centerline, are investigated using a two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model. A variable MP weight according to the radial position of the MPs is employed to maintain sufficient number of MPs near the centerline of the plasma source. The plasma density obtained from the PIC/MCC simulations for low-pressure (25–100 mTorr) capacitively coupled plasmas is found to be artificially large when the MP weight near the centerline is not well resolved, demonstrating the need for particle convergence studies for axisymmetric PIC/MCC simulations.


Since the late 1990s financial strategies for opening Eastern European markets and entry strategies of foreign banks in most CESEE countries included triggers for strong credit growth, especially in the private sector. What are the transition results on the macro level? Does this credit growth contribute to financial and economic development or is there a risk of a transition-driven overshooting? We review the literature and empirical studies on financial development, credit growth and economic growth. In Updating Cottarelli et al (2005), we compare the credit boom of the private sector in CESEE during the process of economic transformation to the so called "equilibrium level" and discuss whether or not this credit boom was healthy. We find that results and impact differ across the countries due to country specifics and the different developments of the financial sector. We conclude by discussing policy challenges with regard to financial stability and transition perspectives.


A. Beaujanot, G. Donoso, and A. del Valle. 2012. Factors that affect fruit consumption in schools of the Metropolitan Region (Chile): The case of two schools in the district of Lo Prado. Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(1): 19-35. This research identifies the influence of environmental, social and consumer habits on decision making of children's fruit consumption. The characteristics that influence children's fruit consumption in school and their willingness to change these consumption behaviors are also studied. The study is performed on 5 th and 8 th grade students who attend public and private elementary schools in the municipality of Lo Prado, Santiago. The level of fruit consumption significantly depends on the family and school support that children receive. Statements such as: "Fruits are good for my health" and "Fruits are rich in vitamins" are very important for parents and children who attend private and public schools. From a strategic point of view, this research concludes that a more proactive and consistent approach is needed from parents and school communities to encourage fruit consumption among


An ecological study concerned primarily with the home range of the cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), using field observation, live trapping, and radio-telemetry, was conducted. This study was conducted at the Pittsburg State University Natural History Research Reserve for a period of five years (1975-1979). The results indicated that the size of the home range is smaller in strip-mined land than in undisturbed areas and that this might be attributed to the presence of spoil banks which allow the rabbits to have smaller home range size. The eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) has long been one of the most important small game mammals in North America. The latest information shows that in Kansas, cottontail hunters are apparently the most dedicated of all small game hunters, with a statewide average of 6.5 days afield per hunter (Mathews, 1980). Most of the studies conducted on these rabbits have been conducted on relatively undisturbed areas. Prior to the Strip Mining Reclamation Act of Congress in 1972, coal companies were under no binding obligation to reclaim their strip-mined areas. Thus, thousands of acres of land were left virtually in a state of ruin. These lands were not considered feasible for agricultural purposes and much of it was given to the various states. Many of these areas were taken over by the various State Fish and Game Commissions to be used for recreational purposes, especially fishing and hunting. This study was made to learn more about the activities of the cottontail rabbit on disturbed strip-mined land in southeast Kansas. The investigation was conducted over a period of five years (1975-1979) at the Pittsburg State 1 Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701. This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Wed, 28 Sep 2016 05:31:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 85, NUMBER 1 25 RABBIT NO. 1. RABBIT NO. 4. Scalel:1000 Scale 1:1000


The paper examines the period 1949-1953 meant to transform the Romanian agriculture and takes the Banat region as a point of reference. The agriculture, as well as the Romanian village reformation belongs to a unitary plan applied by Romanian communists with the aim of demonstrating their loyalty to the Soviets. On an internal plane, the purpose was to destroy the existing social structures and to replace them with new ones based on the Stalinist pattern, a perfect substitution with practices and norms of the model state. The case of Romania, and specifically the case of Banat in this paper, does not differ from what happened in the other countries of Central and Southeastern Europe, which passed under the influence of a state incapable of legitimate politics. Intending to create a frame as complex as possible, the study focused on the first period of collectivization of the Romanian agriculture, taking into consideration the premises of this reformation of the Romanian village, the methods used by the authorities to attain their goal and, not last, the results obtained by this politics, as well as the consequences on the Romanian village and the Romanian peasant.


Much ink has been spilt in attempt to justify the legal force of international law as a theoretic matter. This paper explores the more often overlooked critique of international law, namely that imposing sanctions at the state level yields undeserved punishment at the citizen level. Parts I presents normative arguments against collective punishment and parts II and III demonstrate the international and domestic disinclination toward collective punishment. Part IV analyzes the problem of collective punishment as applied to the mechanisms of international. Parts V and VI are rejoinders that an advocate of international law might proffer. Part VII suggests a few methods for resolving the problem


Empathy represents the capacity of an individual to directly experience
 others? emotional states. Psychologist Stephanie Preston and primatologist
 Frans de Waal proposed the evolutionary model of empathy based on the
 common-coding theory of perception and action. In this paper, I will examine
 the emotional and cognitive aspects of their account of empathy, as well as
 its significance for the evolution of psychological altruism and morality.
 In the same context, I will also examine the experimental evidence on
 empathy based altruistic helping in children and non-human primates whose
 behavioral patterns indicate the presence of what de Wall calls the building
 blocks of morality. Finally, I will try to answer how the building blocks of
 morality relate to morality as a full-blown phenomenon.


Introduction: Until recently, hydroxyurea (HU) was the only FDA-approved treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite well-documented benefits, HU is underutilized in the US. Not all patients treated with HU have a clinical response, and nonadherence to treatment is a common reason for non-response. While not fully understood, reasons for nonadherence involve concerns about side effects, benefit, and knowledge. We report on the validation of our patient- and caregiver-reported Hydroxyurea Evaluation of Adherence for Life (HEAL) scale to assess adherence among persons with SCD.
 Methods: Persons with SCD who had HU prescribed for ≥ 6 months prior to enrollment were eligible for our IRB-approved single site prospective study. A focus group and pilot study helped refine HEAL scale items. The scale consisted of 24 items with 8 subscales (Dose, Remember, Plan, Cost, Understand, Benefit/Harm [one subscale], Laboratory, and Pharmacy). To validate psychometric properties of HEAL we enrolled 40 pediatric and adult participants. We collected demographic information, relevant biomarkers, and medication possession ratio (MPR) at baseline and throughout the study period. Validity measures included a global adherence rating (GAR) from subjects and a visual analog scale (VAS) rating from subjects and from two healthcare providers per subject. Cronbach's alpha (α) was calculated to assess internal consistency reliability of the scale and subscales. Pearson product-moment correlations (r) between adherence measures and scale and subscale scores were used to assess validity. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate correlated factors (using eigenvalues >1) and a pattern matrix was used to create composite scales.
 Results: Participants included 24 adults (self-report) and 16 children (caregiver-report). Self- versus caregiver-report subsamples differed in age but not in gender or race. Median participant age was 30 years (range 1.8 - 65.0 years). 24 subjects (60%) were female; and 31 (77.5%) had HbSS.
 All items and subscales were negatively skewed. Three subscales (Dose, Cost, Effectiveness) comprising 9 items demonstrated ceiling effects. Three items (one in Dose and two in Cost) had restricted variance, defined as ≥ 75% of cases scoring at ceiling (e.g., score of 7) or skewness >2.
 Principal component analysis revealed two composite scales: 1. Administer (Dose [0.539], Remember [.740], Plan [.688], Pharmacy [.683]); and 2. Value (Cost [-.584], Effectiveness [-.916], Understand [-.831]).
 Correlations of adherence measures to Dose and Remember subscales, Total scale, and composite Administer scale were r= 0.340, 0.472, 0.380 and 0.321 respectively indicating validity of these HEAL components.
 Test-retest reliability of the overall scale was good (kappa = 0.82); and acceptable (kappa > 0.6) on all subscales but Cost (kappa = 0.06).
 Patient report VAS correlated significantly with Dose and Remember subscales, Administer composite scale, and Total scale score.
 Discussion: Our data show HEAL subscales and composite scales have strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability. HEAL item and subscale distributions indicate high levels of adherence but sufficient variability for analysis and valid use. Data showed that the Of all subscales the Remember subscale correlated most with adherence measures indicating a critical aspect of patient adherence. The Cost subscale data demonstrated poor internal consistency reliability.
 Adherence to HU is important because of its positive impact on patient quality of life when taken as directed. A self-/caregiver-report adherence scale that identifies areas where a patient needs additional support or resources may help increase adherence and improve quality of life. In previous research, implementation of a text message reminder for patients prescribed HU was associated with improved HU treatment adherence. The HEAL scale may help identify patients who would benefit most from targeted text message reminders.
 While cost was not a barrier among participants in this study, that may not be the case for patients in other clinical settings. A larger study sample will enhance assessment of reliability and validity of HEAL scale and subscales and describe adherence in a broader patient population. Our initial findings support the use of HEAL, the first adherence scale to monitor HU adherence in patients with SCD.

 Meier: CDC,: Other: grant funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Other: Steering Committee membership, grant funding; NHLBI: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board membership; Novartis,: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board membership; NovoNordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forma Therapeutic: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CVS Caremark: Consultancy; Indiana Department of Health: Other: grant funding .


The development of looking for surplus oil and improving the efficiency in Jianghan Oilfield is launching an attack against the heavily fortified positions.Generally speaking,the three-dimensional directional wells with difficulties are all designed with"S" shaped borehole trajectory.With the restrictions of the aboveground conditions,Wang 4 inclined-5-3B must be designed with "Z" shaped borehole trajectory to meet the geological demands.This article introduces the technological difficulties and construction countermeasures of the control technology for borehole trajectory on three-dimensional"Z" shaped circular arc with inclined planes,which establishes a certain base for the future research and application on special directional wells of turning emergent corner and changing direction.


I. INTRODUCTION II. THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE AND THE GOAL OF DETERRENCE III. THE ECONOMIC FALLACY OF DETERRENCE A. The Explanatory Power of Economics B. Crime, Punishment, and the Rational Criminal C. Adapting the Model: The Rational Police Officer and the Sanction of Exclusion 1. The Probability of Suppression 2. The Cost of a Lost Conviction 3. The Lack of Secondary Sanctions D. A Final Word on Economics--The "Dismal Science" IV. OTHER DEFICIENCIES OF DETERRENCE-BASED REASONING A. Why Not Deter Negligent Misconduct? B. Is Deterrence the Only Concern? V. EXCLUSION IS STILL THE SOLUTION VI. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION In Herring v. United States, the supreme court affirmed that when the police seize evidence in violation of a citizen's Fourth Amendment privacy rights, that evidence should rarely be excluded from the citizen's subsequent criminal trial. (1) Instead, the so-called exclusionary rule should only be applied if exclusion of the evidence would deter future police misconduct against hypothetical citizens whose constitutional rights have yet to be violated. (2) Additionally, the ill-gotten evidence should only be excluded in cases where this future deterrent effect is substantial and outweighs the societal costs of freeing the guilty citizen. (3) Quite emphatically, the court justifies the use of the exclusionary rule by focusing entirely on the concept of deterrence. Specifically, if the exclusion of evidence in a particular case would not deter future police misconduct, or would only minimally deter it, then the costs of exclusion are deemed too great, and the exclusionary rule will be disregarded. (4) This raises the critical question that lies at the heart of this Article: does the exclusionary rule actually deter police misconduct? If it does not deter, then the application of the exclusionary rule should not, and cannot, be limited or at all affected by the concept of deterrence. (5) The social science of economics is well suited to answer this important question. (6) More specifically, one economic theory in particular--the economic theory of criminal sanction--can be adapted to predict the exclusionary rule's deterrent effect on future police misconduct. This theory, in its original context, states that criminal behavior can be deterred by increasing either the criminal's risk of apprehension or the severity of the criminal sanction, such as the term of incarceration, or both. conversely stated, the criminal will not be deterred from committing a crime, and will instead choose to commit the crime, if the expected benefits of the crime (B) exceed the expected costs (p x C), where p = the probability of conviction, so that 0 This theory, however, can be used much more broadly and can explain the deterrent effect of any given sanction on any given behavior, criminal or otherwise. This includes, of course, the exclusionary rule's deterrent effect, if any, on future police misconduct. In short, this economic theory states that the exclusionary rule will not deter police misconduct, and the police will instead choose to violate a suspect's constitutional rights, if the expected benefits to the police (B) exceed their expected costs (p x C), where p = the probability that the evidence will be suppressed, so that 0 Conversely stated, in order for the exclusionary rule to effectively deter future police misconduct, the expected cost to the police of their misconduct (p x C) would have to be greater than the expected benefits to the police of the same misconduct (B). If the expected costs are too low--that is, if B > p x C--then the police will choose to commit the misconduct and violate the suspect's Fourth Amendment rights, and the exclusionary rule will have failed to deter. …


Positive political theory studies politics with mathematical methods. Positive political theory is explanatory or predictive, rather than normative or prescriptive. Since its inception, it has been built on the foundation of rational choice theory, though more recent years have seen some interest in evolutionary or behavioral models.

Keywords:

game theory;
institutionalism;
social choice theory


A Strain Pseudopedinella pyriforme was isolated from coast of Qingdao and its microanatomy was studied by light microscope and electronic microscope.The cells are radially symmetrical and possess six chloro-plasts,each with a bulging pyrenoid that is connected with the nucleus.The mitochondrial cristae are tubular.Cells possess one emergent flagellum carrying a wing.A trailing stalk is present at the posterior end of cells and con-nected to the vacuole system.This is the first species of Pedinellales reported in China.The taxonomic status and characteristics of Pseudopedinella are also discussed.


As a low-cost technology with good application prospects, RFID plays a key role in physical entity perception to enable Internet of Things networks. In large-scale RFID systems, one of the most vital problems is to identify missing tags duly. However, the existing missing tag identification protocols use the same probability for all tags, resulting in the incapability of discovering the loss of valuable goods in time. In this work, an importance sampling-based missing tag identification (ISMTI) protocol is proposed to improve the identification efficiency of important tags. With importance assignment, bloom filter-based unknown tag deactivation and multi-hashed based missing tag identification strategies, ISMTI reduces the number of slots to identify missing tags especially for important tags. Simulation results demonstrates its effectiveness.


The behavior of low-molecular-weight cis- and trans-polybutadiene chains containing various numbers of monomeric units was studied. The temperature effects on the conformations of molecules were analyzed, and the most characteristic chain conformations and the reasons for different rigidities of the macromolecules were determined. Trans-polybutadiene characterized by lower barriers to internal rotations showed a kinetic behavior characteristic of more rigid-chain molecules.


This paper aims to paradigmatically identify the developments within the field of consumer research. Paradigms in consumer research can be broadly classified as a set of fundamental assumptions that researchers make about what they are studying and how they study it. There are two paradigms within the field of consumer research: the positivistic and the non-positivistic. The study of consumer behavior is rapidly evolving as researchers recognize and implement new techniques and trans- disciplinary perspectives to understand the nature of purchase and consumption behavior.


One of the current understandings of sulfur (S) doping of diamond is described, mainly from a theoretical point of view. First, some published experimental results are introduced. Then, two fundamental problems are defined: 1. whether an isolated substitutional S donor (S s u b ) in diamond is shallower than a phosphorus (P) counterpart (P s u b ), and 2. whether an S s u b has a lower formation energy than a P s u b . Recent theoretical (one quantum chemical, and two density-functional (DFT)) studies are reviewed to point out that theoretical results regarding the problems above have not converged yet. Results of the author's DFT calculations are presented for S s u b , and complexes of S s u b with hydrogen (H) as well as other elements such as nitrogen (N), and boron (B), and/or a vacancy. Formation energies of these defects are also presented.


Investigate the characteristics of wrist, hand and finger (WHF) injuries in Australian footballers presenting to EDs and determine if injury profiles differed between females and males, and between children and adults.


A method for crystallization of LiAl compound has been studied in films deposited on to glass substrates at 350°C in vacuum of about10-6 Torr. Good compounds of the films 1μ thick are obtained after the films are annealed at the substrate temperature of 350°C for more 90min, if the evaporation is made in order of Al, Al+Li and Al at the same temperature; the co-evaporated Al and Li are sandwiched between the Al films. The degree of crystallization of the films has been examined by electron diffraction and electric conductivity measurement.The crystallized films show the temperature dependence of the conductivity of "Semiconductor" at temperatures above about 200°C. The smallest conductivity obtained at room temperature is 2×103Ω-1cm-1, where the purity of the Li-component of the compound is 99.8% and that of the Al-componentof it is 99.99%.


Summary There is in general an accord between linguists as to the major principles used for the analysis of language. These are the compass, consistency, and economy of analyses. It can he shown that linear phonology encompasses more of its own units, phonemes, than match the speaker's use; economises more in rules than speakers do in each style of speech; and are caused by the linguist's ideal of economy to violate the principle of consistency by using "near-minimal" contrast where there is no minimal pair. The principles for linguists must be defined on the human being and not simply on data functioning at a single linguistic level.


This study is based on the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of 2148 fishes, belonging to 8 families, 12 genera and 15 freshwater fish species (Wallago attu, Rite rita, Sperato seenghala, Sperota aor, Mostacembalus armatus, Macrognathus puncolus, Gudusia chopra, Clupisoma garua, Puntius sophore, Puntius ticto, Rasbora daniconius, Amblypharyngodon mole, Chanda noma, Colisa fociatus and Colisa sota) captured from river Ganga, Gomti and Rapti during May 2011 to March 2012. The growth coefficient (b) values varied between 1.30 and 3.07, with the mean b = 2.03 at p< 0.001. The condition factor (K) varied considerably from 0.76 and 2.95, with a mean K = 1.43 which may be attributed to different environmental conditions of the river basin. The objective was to evaluate the pattern of LWRs and condition factors of the freshwater fish species of the main Ganga and tributaries which serves as baseline for other tropical Indian rivers and tributaries.


A travelling-wave circuit concept allowing device application both as ultra-broadband mixer and variable gain distributed amplifier is presented and demonstrated. The compact layout MMIC is realized in a $0.15 \mu{m}$ GaAs pHEMT technology. Cascode amplifier cells with current-voltage feedback are used in eight-stage distributed configuration. In VGA mode, the gain may be controlled between 5–12dB with a near-constant bandwidth of up to 43G Hz and excellent power matching properties. The amplifier is capable of delivering 20dBm to a $50 \Omega$ load. Being operated as travelling-wave mixer, the device exhibits 2dB conversion loss in a bandwidth exceeding 50GHz, while requiring the comparatively low LO power of 5dBm. Mixer operation is demonstrated both for downconversion to fixed IF-and for broadband conversion using fixed LO frequencies. In mixer mode, exceptionally high input-related linearity of 6dBm is reached.


ABSTRACT Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is widely applied in mechanical processing with its energy distribution determining the quantity of removed material. Thus, the accurate description of energy distribution accumulated on component surface is crucial for further study of ablation morphology, such as the maximum ablation depth in laser patterning. However, there exist the overlapping area between adjacent laser spots and the non-continuity of laser energy here, which increase the inaccuracy of energy distribution description proverbially. By comprehensively considering the discrete distribution for laser spots and the non-uniform features for energy distribution, the innovative approach is proposed to establish a feasible dynamic energy distribution model in PLA quantitatively, with an idea of continuous approximation to resolve its discrete characteristic. More significantly, based on the proposed model, a new method is also presented to tackle PLA morphology prediction, just the maximum laser ablation depth in laser patterning. Finally, FEA simulations and experiments are performed to investigate the proposed model and method which endorse the robust and efficient theoretical model for reliable yet fast calculation of the maximum ablation depth.


Based on theory linking heightened authoritarianism to threat, 2 studies tested the hypothesis that the strength of presidential popular vote winners and the degree of societal threat are interactively related to the popular vote victory margin. In Study 1, strength was a composite of power motive, forcefulness, strength, and activeness, threat was gauged by an election year threat level index based on historians' opinions, and victory margin was a composite of 3 popular vote criteria. The hypothesis was supported, but the interaction could be accounted for by an interaction previously found between strength and A. M. Schlesinger, Jr.'s (1986) history cycles. In Study 2, a strength-conservatism composite replaced the initial strength variable. The hypothesis was supported. The interaction was independent of the Schlesinger interaction, and the two accounted for 47% of the variance in victory margins in 33 elections from 1824 to 1964.


Objective :To observe the treat effect of ovarian cancer by traditional Chinese medicine and chemotherapy. Methods :We collect 120 patients of ovarian cancer after surgical operation,and randomize them into 2 groups.The treatment group treats with Xinjia Zengmian Yiliu Fang(XJZMYL) and chemotherapy( n =90);The control group treats with only chemotherapy( n =30).The 2 groups are all determined T cell subsets after treating 3 months and 1 year,and their life qualities are made by statistics after treating 1 year and 2 years.The rate of recurrence and transference,and the 5 year existence rate in Ⅲ,Ⅳ phase are also observed. Results :The 5 year existence rate of later period ovarian cancer in treatment group(50%) is higher than control(33 3%).The life qualities after operation 1 year in treatment group are also higher than control( P 0 01).But the 2 years life qualities have no significant difference from control.The value of CD4,CD4/CD8 of the treatment group after trearting 3 months is higher than control( P 0 01),and still higher than vontrol( P 0 01) after treating 1 year.The rate of recurrence and transference in treatment group (7 1%) are lower than control(20%). Conclusions :Traditional Chinese medicine and chemotherapy can improve the 5 years existence rate of later period ovarian cancer,and the 1 year life quality after surgical operation.They can also adjust immune function of patients,reduce the rate if recurrence and transference.


We study heat transport and thermoelectric effects in two-dimensional superconductors in a magnetic field. These are modeled as granular Josephson-junction arrays, forming either regular or random ...


Selecting and establishing a finite element model of soil plays an important role in simulating and analyzing landing impact of a space capsule. The landing process of a space capsule was simulated using LS-DYNA,and the effects of main parameters of soil model on the lending impact characterstic of the space capsule were analyzed with the orthogonal test design. The results demonstrated that the soil bulk modulus and the yield parameter A2 significantly influence the maximum impact acceleration and the impact pulse width; the effect of the yield parameters A0 and A1 on the maximum impact acceleration and the impact pulse width is smaller; the interaction effect of soil parameters is not significant. These conclusions provided a reference for tests of landing impact process of a space capsule and its structural design optimization.


pendent on increasing amounts of credit per transaction. Second, the mortgage market, which supplies the bulk of real estate financing, has become closely integrated with other financial markets and hence more subject to monetary developments within them. Third, resulting fluctuations in mortgage interest rates, which may be reflected in changing appraisals of real estate values, have become more volatile.


The development of palm sugar into crystalline palm sugar has the potential to be developed in order to substitute white sugar where the fulfillment is still quite a lot imported. Therefore, to increase the food security of sugar, it can be done by utilizing local palm sugar resources. Palm sugar production technology is quite applicable to be applied in rural areas and can be made from palm sap or palm sugar. The introduction of the processing of crystal palm sugar was carried out in the Suka Maju LSPBM Group with the stages of counseling, production skills training, packaging, hygienic production to obtaining a PIRT legality as Health Office permit. The quality of crystal palm sugar produced from several quality parameters was achieved including the water content of crystal palm sugar ranging from 2.38-2.70%, ash content 0.85-0.99%, sugar content 86.72%, yellowish brown color and in the form of crystals or powder. The crystal palm sugar products produced was under the brand name Sehati. The constraint was limitation of marketing because this product at the local level was still known only for the purpose of making cakes, as well as for the more expensive price of white crystal sugar. Need coaching and better links with related network to open up a better market. From the results of the analysis of the business of producing crystal palm sugar, it is feasible to run with a profit value of Rp. 24,007,100,00, the value of BEP was 892 kg, profitability of 0.55 and business efficiency of Return Cost Ratio (R/C) of 1.55


The CDF and D0 experiments at the Tevatron p¯p Collider collected data between 2002 and 2011, accumulating up to 10 fb−1 of data. During that time, an extensive search for the standard model Higgs boson was performed. Combined results from the searches for the standard model Higgs boson with the final dataset are presented, together with results on the Higgs boson couplings and spin and parity.


An inventory of the topics and issues most important to social theory reveals that crime is a
critical social experience that has been instrumental to the development of the disciplines'
theories and methodologies. Deviance and transgression are at the heart of theories aimed at
explaining human behavior, and the twinned issues of conformity and deviance are central to the
rich sociological theorizing over the last two centuries. This entry considers the scholarship of
deviance—necessarily, in abridged form—and critically examines the arguments about the death
knell of deviance as they relate to the contemporary landscapes of crime, deviance and crime
control, and questions its relevance to scholarship and practice.


This paper deals with the problem of resolution-independent rendering of 3D scenes. In many cases authors have to create the same content for different platforms (e.g. internet, printer) separately, due to different resolutions and different typographic rules. This paper presents an approach for projection of a 3D scene into the 2D vector graphic (thus it is independent on resolution). The scene projected into 2D vector graphic can be visualized in different styles (e.g. color, black and white) which correspond with the typographic rules of different platforms. Further a compression method suitable for 3D scenes projected into the 2D vector graphic is presented. The compression method significantly reduces the size of the output 2D vector image which is important when the image is transferred through a network.


In this paper, a clutter removal technique for radargrams obtained with a ground penetration radar (GPR) is presented. The technique, based in the singularity expansion method (SEM), allows to select the poles of the recorded signals that correspond to clutter. The technique was tested using a pyramidal object made of a highly reflective metallic material. An X-Y positioner that allows the GPR to perform a continuous scan was used. A direct subtraction of the previously selected clutter poles to each frame of the SAR image is performed in order to keep only the desired poles for analysis. Finally, the reconstructed radargram obtained applying the proposed technique is compared with the radargram obtained using a commonly used background-removal technique. The obtained results show that the proposed technique can be used to straightforwardly remove undesired signals measured with GPRs.


PURPOSE: To use a specified substituted dihydroisoquinoline and a related com pound each of which is novel in some case as an effect-enhancing agent in the treatment of tumoral cells with a radiation or a chemotherapeutic agent. CONSTITUTION: A unit dose form substance, which is novel in some case, of the formula (wherein R is OR 1 , a lower alkyl, NR 1 R 2 , a halogen, CF 3 , COOX 2 , CN or COX 2 ; X 1 is OR 1 , a 1-4C S-alkyl or NR 4 R 5 ; Z is CHR 2 CHR 3 , CR 6 =CR 3 or CR 3 =N (this N is bonded to the ring N); R 1 , R 4 and R 5 are each H, a lower alkyl, benzyl, a lower alkanoyl or the like, R 2 , R 3 and R 6 are each H, a lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl and further R 6 is Cl, B or the like; and X 2 is a lower alkyl, an aryl or an aralkyl), an individual stereoisomer thereof, a mixture of stereoisomers thereof or a pharmacologically acceptable base or acid addition salt thereof is administered to a warm-blood animal to enhance the effect of a radiation or a chemotherapeutic agent to destroy tumor cells. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Ensuring good governance in vocational education and training (VET) is a difficult task as it is a complex policy area located at the intersection of education, training, and social, economic and labour market policies, contributing to socioeconomic national goals while balancing regional development. Good multilevel governance must address the institutional, financial and informational aspects of steering VET policies and systems. All these issues have been brought to the fore to be urgently tackled by partner countries within the framework of the ETF Torino Process, which was launched in 2010 and has since had three additional rounds (2012, 2014 and 2016).


Abstract It has been hypothesized that insufficiency of one-carbon metabolism may aggravate lipid metabolism disturbances. Lipid metabolism abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS)—which is associated with abnormally high levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—often occur in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was thus to determine the relationships between amino acid and B vitamin intake, MTHFR genotype, lipid profile, and atherogenic indices in postmenopausal women. 131 postmenopausal women were enrolled for the study. The mean macronutrient, amino acid, and B vitamin intake was evaluated using dietary records. Lipid profile and concentrations of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) in serum were measured using the colorimetric method. The total homocysteine (tHcy) and glutathione (GSH) level in plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. MTHFR genotype (rs1801133) was determined using a single tube TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We calculated atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's risk index I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the TG/HDL ratio. No association was found between MetS and tHcy or GSH concentrations. MTHFR genotype and folate intake also did not affect tHcy, GSH, lipid profile, or atherogenic indices. Subjects with tHcy levels over the median had lower total protein intake, lower animal protein/plant protein ratio, lower protein/carbohydrates ratio, and higher amino acid intake (methionine, lysine, arginine, glycine, and tryptophan) than did subjects with lower tHcy levels. Women who failed to meet their vitamin B12 intake needs had almost 40% higher levels of tHcy than women who did met those needs. MTHFR genotype, folate intake, and tHcy levels in plasma are not associated with lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. tHcy levels may depend on the intake of vitamin B12, and of protein or particular amino acids. The project was financed by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2015/17/N/NZ9/04133).


We prove that if F is the quotient eld of an integral Tate algebra over a complete nonarchimedean absolute valued eld K, then Gal(F ) is semi-free.


Summary The progressive stages in the development of the thyroid tumor of the swordtail, Xiphophorus montezumae, are as follows: 1. Day-old fish have 20–30 thyroid follicles, lined by flat or low cuboidal epithelium, scattered in the stroma around the ventral aorta, but not in the gills. 2. The follicle cells increase in size and become high columnar. 3. The number of thyroid follicles increases; the blood capillaries in the region of the follicles become and remain engorged with red blood cells. 4. The epithelial cells of the new follicles simultaneously increase in number and size; some of the blood capillaries rupture, and individual red blood cells are found close to the follicular cells. 5. The follicle configuration becomes distorted. 6. The follicles disintegrate. 7. Tumorous growths develop composed primarily of a mass of epithelial cells, microfollicles and hemorrhages. 8. Muscles in the region of the ventral aorta are surrounded by tumorous afollicular epithelial cells. 9. Tumor cells destroy the deeper musculature, the gill filaments, cartilage, and bone. (At this stage the thyroid tumor is visible externally.) 10. Death may be due to destruction of visceral gill arches and the consequential interference of normal respiration. Highly inbred fish, from brother-to-sister matings between members of a thyroid tumor-susceptible strain, develop tumors earlier in life than those from less intensely inbred strains. This suggests that genes influencing the growth of thyroid cell elements accumulated in the members of the inbred strains. A comparison was made between the thyroid follicles of wild young fish taken directly from their natural habitat in Mexico, and young fish laboratory-reared for seven generations. In both wild and laboratory fishes the number of follicles increase with age and length, but the increase is far more rapid in the laboratory fishes.


The purpose of this study was to develop a new preparation process for chemical transformation of ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenins. Ginseng and ginseng extracts were processed under several treatment conditions using ascorbic acid solution. Treating with ascorbic acid at pH 2-3 and above 80℃ increased the ginsenoside Rg 3 content of samples to over 3% as compared to other pH levels and temperatures. In addition, ginseng and ginseng extracts that were processed under a high ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 2.0, 5 hr) contained more ginsenoside Rg3 (approximately 16 times) than those processed under a low ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 3.0, 5 hr). The highest quantity of ginsenoside Rg 3 (3.434%) occurred when a sample of fine ginseng root extract (AG2-9) was processed with the ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for 9 hr. However, there was no change in the amount of ginsenoside Rg 3 when fine ginseng root extracts were processed with ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for over 9 hr. In conclusion, the results indicated that ascorbic acid treatment of ginseng extracts can produce a level of ginsenoside Rg 3 that is over 90-fold the amount found in commercial red ginseng.


A 1982 survey evaluated the impact of the services provided through the Sang Kancil scheme i.e. the provision of basic services -- health preschool and income generation activities. There are currently 13 Sang Kancil centers in squatter communities of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Family planning services provided through the project has a substantial impact on use. Growing numbers of women in the squatter communities are seeking contraceptive services through Sang Kancil clinics that are located centrally in the areas in which they live. In the squatter settlements surveyed the household numbers have remained fairly stable and the women interviewed have actually stopped buying oral contraceptives (OCs) from outside the communities preferring to go to the Sang Kancil clinics instead. OCs remain the principal method of family planning used by the women in the 2 Sang Kancil squatter communities surveyed. The downward trend in OC use in all 4 squatter communities including the control areas has not been matched by a corresponding increase in the use of other methods which register only small changes. Among those who practice family planning oral contraception is used by 70-80%. The family planning nurse operating from a Sang Kancil center provides OCs for a nominal fee of 1-1 1/2 Malaysian ringgit (dollars). Despite the fact that increasing numbers of women have stopped using OCs and other forms of family planning there has been a lengthening of the birth intervals. The interval between the time of marriage and the birth of the 1st baby in the post-1978 period tended to be 2 years as compared with 1-year intervals prior to 1978. On a year-to-year basis the changes in fertility rates have been erratic but in the 1978-82 period there was a fall in general fertility rates. In only 2 communities (1 Sang Kancil and the other a control) has there been a consistent decline in the rates. In the remaining communities fertility rates have risen in 1 or more years. In 2 squatter communities where Sang Kancil Project services have been operating since 1978 there has been a lower incidence of various antenatal complications. Similary there has been a lower rate of hospitalization among children under age 6. Despite the success of the family planning and maternal health services provided through Sang Kancil these were not identified as needs by the squatters themselves. The most urgent request for government intervention was for the establishment of preschools for children aged 6 and under. The integrated multiactivity system of linking family planning services with maternal and child health services also included setting up minifactories for women aimed at helping women to earn an income that allows them to spend more on their childrens food and their own well being.


Intracranial vessel imaging by Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is one of the most frequently performed investigations in clinical neuroradiology. Particularly in the acute setting, fast imaging is needed for diagnostics, with a sequence ideally depicting even small vessels. The purpose of the study was to compare the image and diagnostic quality of a novel ultrashort TOF-MRA sequence accelerated by spiral imaging (TOF-Spiral-short) to a standard TOF-MRA sequence accelerated by compressed sensing (TOF-CS) and to Computed tomography angiography (CTA). Forty-one patients (36.6% showing vessel pathologies) who had undergone TOF-CS (acquisition duration: 4 minutes 8 seconds), TOF-Spiral-short (acquisition duration: 51 seconds; spiral imaging [accelerating factor 1.3], decreased field of view [accelerating factor 1.2], and increased voxel size [accelerating factor 3.3]), and CTA were retrospectively evaluated. Assessment of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and quantification of stenosis or aneurysm diameter were performed by two readers. Results: Image quality at the skull base was slightly reduced with TOF-Spiral-short compared to CTA and TOF-CS (P < .05). Delineation of small intracranial vessels was improved by TOF-Spiral-short compared to CTA (P < .0001). In TOF-Spiral-short, diagnostic confidence was not reduced compared to TOF-CS in patients with vessel pathologies. We observed no significant difference in quantitative pathology assessment between TOF-Spiral-short and the other two modalities. TOF-Spiral-short enabled the correct identification of all vessel pathologies. Accelerating TOF-MRA of brain-feeding arteries by a novel ultrashort spiral imaging sequence shows adequate image quality and sufficient diagnostic performance. Thus, TOF-Spiral-short holds the potential for fast and reliable diagnostics of vessel


For isolation of antibiotic-producing bacteria antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, a total of 327 microorganisms were screened from sesame-growing soils collected at various locations in Korea by the modified Herr's triple-agar-Iayer technique. Among the 36 bacterial isolates further screened by the dual culture test on tryptic soy agar, 10 were tested to show their antagonistic activity against 14 plant pathogenic fungi. Bacterial culture filtrates were shown either to inhibit some phytopathogenic fungal growth or to suppress F. oxysporum infection of sesame plants maintained in the green house. An isolate, B23, with the most prominent antagonistic activity was identified as Bacillus subtilis.


The source or sources of meltwater pulse 1A (MWP‐1A) at ~14.5 ka, recorded at widely distributed sites as a sea level rise of ~10–20 m in less than 500 years, is uncertain. A recent ice modeling study of North America and Greenland has suggested that the collapse of an ice saddle between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, with a eustatic sea level equivalent (ESLE) of ~10 m, may have been the dominant contributor to MWP‐1A. To test this suggestion, we predict gravitationally self‐consistent sea level changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present day associated with the ice model. We find that a combination of the saddle collapse scenario and melting outside North America and Greenland with an ESLE of ~3 m yields sea level changes across MWP‐1A that are consistent with far‐field sea level records at Barbados, Tahiti, and Sunda Shelf.


Results of analysis and modelling the air pollutant (dioxide of nitrogen) concentration temporal dynamics in atmosphere of the industrial city Odessa are presented for the first time and based on computing by nonlinear methods of the chaos and dynamical systems theories. A chaotic behaviour is discovered and investigated. To reconstruct the corresponding strange chaotic attractor, the time delay and embedding dimension are computed. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. It is shown that low-dimensional chaos exists in the nitrogen dioxide concentration time series under investigation. Further, the Lyapunov's exponents spectrum, Kaplan-Yorke dimension and Kolmogorov entropy are computed.


Leiomyomas are benign tumors composed mainly of smooth muscle cells, but with varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue. They are the most common malignan...


This review encompasses the application of the scanning electron microscope to the study and characterization of semiconductor materials and devices by the Electron Beam Induced Conductivity (EBIC) method. In this technique, the charge carriers generated by the electron beam of the microscope are collected by an electric field within the material and sensed as a current in an external circuit. When employed as the video signal of the SEM, this collected current image reveals inhomogeneities in the electrical properties of the material. The technique has been used to determine carrier lifetime, diffusion length, defect energy levels, and surface recombination velocities. Charge collection images reveal the location of p‐n junctions, recombination sites such as dislocations and precipitates, and the presence of doping level inhomogeneities. Both the theoretical foundation and the practical aspects of these effects are discussed in a tutorial fashion in this review.


CuO doped SnO2 nanocrystalline powders were prepared by the Sol-Gel method,which were used to manufacture gas sensors with good gas-sensing characterization.Treated at different temperature,the characteristics of the powders which had different concentrations were investigated by DSC-TG,XRD,TEM,and gas sensitive effect on gas had been measured.The result shows that the prepared nano-sized powders had large specific surface area,high surface activation and 600 ℃ was the rational annealing temperature,SnO2 gas sensors doped 4% CuO had high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting CO2.


This research aims to examine the profile of the mathematical proving ability of students in Abstract Algebra courses. The method of this research is included in this type of descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 3 students who studied Abstract Algebra courses from the high, medium and low mathematical proofing ability group. The results showed that students with high ability and are having the ability to read mathematical proofs and perform mathematical proofs. As for the ability to criticize proof by adding, reducing or reconstituted a mathematical proof for each group of students is still not visible.


There is an urgent need for interventions that improve healing time, prevent amputations and recurrent ulceration in patients with diabetes‐related foot wounds. In this randomised, open‐label trial, participants were randomised to receive an application of non‐cultured autologous skin cells ("spray‐on" skin; ReCell) or standard care interventions for large (>6 cm2), adequately vascularised wounds. The primary outcome was complete healing at 6 months, determined by assessors blinded to the intervention. Forty‐nine eligible foot wounds in 45 participants were randomised. An evaluable primary outcome was available for all wounds. The median (interquartile range) wound area at baseline was 11.4 (8.8‐17.6) cm2. A total of 32 (65.3%) index wounds were completely healed at 6 months, including 16 of 24 (66.7%) in the spray‐on skin group and 16 of 25 (64.0%) in the standard care group (unadjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.13 (0.35‐3.65), P = .845). Lower body mass index (P = .002) and non‐plantar wounds (P = .009) were the only patient‐ or wound‐related factors associated with complete healing at 6 months. Spray‐on skin resulted in high rates of complete healing at 6 months in patients with large diabetes‐related foot wounds, but was not significantly better than standard care (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000511235).


Hypothermia is the technique most commonly used to protect the kidneys from ischaemic damage. Lowering renal temperature reduces energy-dependent metabolic activity of the cortical cells, leading to decreased oxygen consumption and reduced ATP breakdown. A negative effect of hypothermia is inactivation of the sodiumpotassium pump at the cellular level, which ultimately allows salt and water to enter the cell. These effects are completely reversible at temperatures of > 4 ° C. For practical purposes, a uniform temperature of 20–25 ° C is adequate to maintain renal function even after 3 h of arterial occlusion.


There are many factors influencing the total costs of digital preservation and the calculation is intricate.The article analyzes the cost elements of digital preservation,including costs of performing preservation actions,costs of a digital archive repository and preservation system for the long term,personnel costs,costs of developing preservation software and approach,and other factors that exert influence on the total costs.The purpose is to seek approach to reduce preservation costs and improve the cost-benefit of digital preservation.


Evaluation is a key part in discipline construction.Discipline evaluation should follow the law of discipline itself while depending on the advanced methods of evaluation.Scientific disciplines evaluation can function as an incentive and guidance in certain ways.However,a firstclass discipline is not a result of evaluation,but a natural result of knowledge accumulation.When evaluating first-class disciplines,we should fully respect the rules of science as well as the cultural differences among various disciplines.On the basis of improved peer review mechanism,evaluators should adopt quantitative evaluation technology with great caution,carefully evaluate discipline evaluation itself timely and make sure that evaluation is beneficial for the development of disciplines rather than a hinder for first-class disciplines.


It is estimated that 29% of adults in the UK smoke ([Office for National Statistics, 2000][1]). Each year smoking kills 120 000 people (13 deaths per hour), making it the single most common preventable cause of death in Britain ([Callum, 1998][2]). Around half of all smokers will die prematurely


The Landlady1 is still one of Dostoevsky's most enigmatic works. Various interpretations have been offered. While they do explain some aspects of the novella, its theme has remained as ambiguous as ever. One frequently met interpretation takes its clue from a discussion of the genre of The Landlady. Apart from the realistic framework, which approaches the style of the physiological school, the novella exhibits, it is said, the characteristics of the romantic Kunstmarchen and the arabesque. Aside from the fairytale trio of prince, princess, and wizard there are several fairytale plots and motifs mentioned in the story. If we add the folklorisms in the speech of the major characters, the interpretation of The Landlady as a literary recreation of various folklore subjects seems quite plausible. Professor S. Gibian has approached The Landlady on this level; for him the novella is "a recreation of folktale diction and imagery ... its plot is based on the three folklore motifs, man-woman dominance, the incestuous fatherdaughter relationship, and the Volga outlaw's tale." ( Gibian, 245, 248 ) . Other scholars have undertaken very detailed research in the subject matter of the novella with the aim of detecting its ultimate meaning by a comparative study of Dostoevsky's characters and motifs and their literary antecedents. In the course of their research they have unearthed a great number of literary sources, parallels, allusions, and the like. C. E. Passage has summarized the results of this approach to The Landlady.2 As if to justify the title of his book, Dostoevsky:


Summary. 'l'he study reappraises the deep seismicity of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Careful examination of the quality of reported hypocentres shows that the earthquakes define a zone dipping NW, about 200 km along strike, 50 km thick, and reaching a depth of about 500 km. The zone is slightly concave to the NW at a depth of 300 km, but, contrary to many previous reports, is not tightly concave, nor are there significant spatial gaps in the seismicity, which is effectively continuous with depth. Seismicity is, however, concentrated in the depth interval 250-300 km, where the dip of the seismic zone changes from 70" (above 250 km) to a more gentle dip of 45" at greater depths. Seven fault-plane solutions are available for the largest earthquakes in this depth interval, all of them consistent with a P-axis down the dip of the seismic zone, and all of them requiring movement on faults out of the plane of the subducting slab. Two deep earthquakes near Naples lie well outside the main zone of activity; for one of which a fault-plane solution is available that has aP-axis not aligned with the dip of the seismic zone. The tightly concave slabgeometry favoured by other reports is supported mainly by the location of these events near Naples, which we think may represent deformation in a separate, probably shallower dipping, piece of subducted lithosphere. The lack of shallow seismicity, and particularly of thrust faulting earthquakes, at the surface projection of the Benioff zone suggests that active subduction has ceased. Estimates of the convergence rate responsible for subduction in the last 10 Myr far exceed the present convergence rate of Africa and Eurasia, suggesting that the subduction was related instead to the stretching and thinning of the crust in the Tyrrhenian Sea.


The paper proposes several algorithms for interpolation and spatial filtering of discrete sets of Critical Infrastructure (CI) hazard data. The effectiveness of the algorithms has been exemplified on sample CI criticality results computed using the CARVER2™ vulnerability assessment tool for several infrastructures in the City of Gdansk. The results of this analysis are produced in the form of thematic layers designed for integration with the Web-Based Geographic Information System (Web-GIS) for Assessment and Visualization of Critical Infrastructure and its Hazards, built for the City of Gdansk by the Gdansk University of Technology. The presented algorithms further enhance the spatial analysis capabilities of the Web-GIS, offering an integrated solution for visual analysis of CI data as well as a team-enabled environment for examination and sharing such information among geographically distributed decision makers.


myo-Abstract Introduction: In this case report, we aimed to explain the importance of urgent management in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient who developed retropharyngeal hematoma as a result of the toxicity of warfarin he used due to atrial fibrillation. Case Report: A 76-year-old male patient came to the emergency room with complaints of sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath. At the time of admission of the patient using warfarin due to atrial fibrillation, oropharynx examination revealed normal uvula, hematoma near the right lip mucosa, and stridor was detected in the lung auscultation of the patient whose trachea was deviated to the left. In the laboratory tests at the time of the patient's admission, INR was: 13.4. The patient was given 10 mg phytomenadione(K1) iv infusion and 80 mg prednisolone iv. 4 units(1000 ml) of FFP(fresh frozen plasma) was requested. The patient who developed respiratory distress was intubated and transferred to intensive care unit. Conclusion: Warfarin toxicity may rarely cause bleeding in the upper respiratory tract, and if it creates pressure on the respiratory tract, it may pose a serious life-threatening risk.


Rice is the most important food crop, grown in the tropics. It accounts for the bulk of the caloric intake of the people in Asia and for a considerable portion of the diets in tropical Africa and Asia. The present strategy of increasing food production essential involved the balance use of fertilizers to rice, because all the varieties of rice give their fully yield potential with adequate supply of nutrients. Various factors contributing for rice production, fertilizers play an important role.Among the major plant nutrients, nitrogen is most important for augmenting rice yield. Rice is the major consumer of fertilizer nitrogen and accounts for one third of the total nitrogen consumption in the country. Nitrogen is essential nutrient element for rice growth and metabolic process (Noor, 2017). Application of optimum dose of nitrogen to rice is gaining importance because nitrogen is a key nutrient in crop production that it can never be ignored. Use of adequate nitrogen rate is important not only for obtaining maximum economic returns, but also to reduce environmental pollution. Nitrogen management in rice field is different from other crops because of the continuous submergence of the field. Nitrogen (N) is the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/9-9-2020/K. Anny Mrudhula, et al.pdf


Objective: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the differences in periodontal and biochemical parameters between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with periodontitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 women with chronic periodontitis, aged 40-60 years, divided into 50 perimenopausal and 50 postmenopausal groups. Periodontal parameters (plaque index PI, gingival index GI, gingival bleeding index GBI, simplified debris index DI-S, simplified calculus index CI-S, simplified oral hygiene index OHI-S, clinical attachment loss CAL, and pocket depth PD) and blood samples were collected to estimate vitamin D, calcium Ca, phosphorous P, alkaline phosphatase ALP and C-reactive protein CRP. Results: The mean values of clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group as compared to the perimenopausal group (P<0.05), except for CI-S (P>0.05). For the biochemical parameters, the mean serum level of AlP, Ca, and P were within the normal reference ranges, with non-significant differences reported between both groups regarding ALP and P (P>0.05). While serum Vit.D level was more significantly reduced in the postmenopausal group (P<0.05), and CRP levels were increased in both groups, but with non-significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions: Postmenopause could more significantly affect the progression & severity of periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency than peri menopause due to reducing circulating estrogen level.


This is an outstanding reference tape that commercial growers and backyard blueberry enthusiasts should find valuable. This tape also should be considered as a reference for fruit production courses. Dave Brazelton, a commercial grower from western Oregon, demonstrates and discusses pruning techniques in a clear, informative manner. The tape begins with a discussion of the reasons for pruning blueberries. Severely pruned, moderately pruned, and unpruned bushes are used effectively to illustrate these reasons. The growth habit of highbush blueberries is discussed next. How to distinguish between reproductive and vegetative buds, and l-, 2-, and 3-year-old wood is described using excellent closeup shots. The basic steps in pruning bushes are then described and the viewer is shown how to apply these steps to plants of varying age. Young plants just beginning to bear fruit are considered first. The importance of removing flower buds to control cropping and promote continued growth on young plants is emphasized. Slightly older bushes are then pruned, following the same basic steps.


Heart failure classified in four stages which includes first stage, second stage, third stage, and fourth stage. Congestive heart failure patients are often re-hospitalized in hospital because of the reccurence. This research purposed to know the correlation between classifaction congestive heart failure to medical therapy compliance and patient satisfaction level in Fatmawati Hospital South Jakarta. This research used correlative descriptive design with quantitative research and cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this research used a total sampling with 38 patients. Based on the research results that prove with p value = 0,000 < 0,05 which mean there's significant correlation between classification stages of congestive heart failure to medical therapy compliance, with the value of r = 0,796 which show that there's an intense correlation. This is proven with p value = 0,000 < 0,05 which mean there's significant correlation between classification stages of congestive heart failure to medical therapy compliance, with the value of r = 0,796 which show that there's an intense correlation. This is proven with p value = 0,000 < 0,05 which mean there's significant correlation between classifaction stages of congestive heart failure to patient satisfaction level with the value of r = 0,606 which show that there's an intense correlation. Rom the research result is expected that the patients can improve their medical therapy compliance to avoid the risk of reccurence for the re-hospitalized patients. Keywords: Classifaction stages of congestive heart failure, compliance level, satisfaction level.


"The essential purpose of this volume," according to the editor, is to provide an introductory basis for understanding [South] Korean politics. While each of the 11 "chapters" or articles can be read as a separate entity, it is "the editor's intention" that the various contributions constitute "parts of an integrated whole." Further, the editor hopes that "the basic insights" of the articles would "in no way become dated with subsequent political events" (p. xi). It is quite evident that the editor, Edward Reynolds Wright, Executive Director of the Fulbright Commission in Korea and Lecturer in Political Science at Seoul National University, is masterful in his introduction to the volume (pp. 3—8), in his substantive article and in his integrative remarks preceding all five parts of the book: The Background; The Structure and Processes of Korean Government; Major Contributors to Korean Politics: Students and the Military; Major Policy Focuses in Contemporary Korean Politics: Foreign Affairs and Economic Development; and Interpretations of Korean Politics. Various articles were authored by eight active Korean scholars, including the current Korean Ambassador to the United States, and two other productive American scholars.


The actualization of Mekar's National Madani Capital Program (PNM) is to provide group-based empowerment services for women micro entrepreneurs, through improving financial management to achieve family goals and prosperity. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation and factors that influence the implementation of the Mekar national civil capital (PNM) program for the community in Nagari Surantih, Sutera sub-district, Pesisir Selatan district. The theory used in this study is the functional structural theory put forward by Talcot Parson. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive type, the research was conducted in Nagari Surantih, Sutera sub-district, Pesisir Selatan district. Using primary data sources and secondary data. The informants in this study were Mekar's National Civil Capital Officer (PNM), Wali Nagari, social welfare development section, community, chairman and members of the PNM Mekar group. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study was to use the Miles and Huberman interactive model which consisted of four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of the study found that there was an implementation of the Blooming National Madani Capital (PNM) program in Nagari Surantih when applying for a Blooming National Civil Capital (PNM) loan, there were several conditions that had to be met first. There is to conduct surveys related to businesses that will be opened or are being run, this is done to avoid misuse of capital loans. The disbursement of capital must be used according to what has been agreed in the agreement to start a business. There is installment financing that is carried out in weekly group meetings (PKM) or meetings. There are supporting factors for policies from the government, easy application requirements and can be accessed by women. Mekar's Civil National Capital Program (PNM) seeks to prevent it from becoming involved in moneylender debts, the trust of both parties, installment financing is carried out on a group responsibility basis. There is a barrier factor. National Civil Capital only provides services for women, while men also need business capital to do work. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Mekar National Civil Capital (PNM) program involved the submission of requirements that were met first, conducting a survey, disbursing business capital, and financing installments of business capital loans by Mekar's civil national capital (PNM). Supporting factors that influence the implementation of Civil National Capital are government policies, submissions whose conditions are not onerous, PNM Mekar prevents loan sharks from loan sharks, trust from both parties, installment financing is carried out by the collective responsibility of the group, inhibiting factors PNM Mekar only provides business capital loan services for women.


(473) Gastroscopy. ROSENHEim (Deut. ned. Woch., November 7th, 1895) first discusses the position of the cardia and the course of the lowest part of the cesophagus. He concludes that the usual position of the cardia in the adult is opposite the twelfth, rarely the eleventh, dorsal vertebra. The anatomical relations are important in respect to the gastroscope. HIe maintains that where it is impossible to pass a stiff tube into the stomach with the patient in the dorsal position, the difficulty is due to muscular cramp or to the physiological bend at the oesophageal foramen in the diaphragm. By introducing the rigid tube from the right side of the mouth, and pressing the point to the left, the lowest part of the cesophagus can be most readily passed. A certain gentle pressure may be necessary, and a change in the patient's position from the back to the right side may facilitate it. In a minority of cases with disease involving the cardia, the parts may not be distinctly seen by the gastroscope without an anresthetic. The author then refers chiefly to Mikulicz's investigations into cesophagoscopy. This authority used a curved tube in order to overcome. the difficulty of passing through the lowest part of the cesophagus; he thought that it was impossible to accomplish this with a straight tube. This curve introduces difficulties in respect to the optical arrangements. The author maintains that the optical apparatus should be ia the straight line. His observations lead him to say that in nearly 70 per cent. of the cases examined by him a straight gastroscope can be passed into the stomach. Under certain conditions, such as an abnormal curving of the cesophagus due to pathological causes, it may be impossible. A local spraying with cocaine by means of a special apparatus has been tried by the author to overcome the cardiospasm, but with. indiffercnt success. He concludes that with few exceptions it is possible with a straight or slightly curved instrument to get deep enough into the stomach for gastroscopic purposes without an an.-esthetic and without doing any injury. One gastroscope will not suit all cases, but a straight instrument suffices in by far the majority of cases. The author gives details of his gastroscope, which is made by Hirschmann, of Berlin.


Jaya Yadav. PhD Research Scholar,Department of English, Faculty of Arts,University of Delhi. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 14 August 2019 Final Accepted: 16 September 2019 Published: October 2019 Copy Right, IJAR, 2019,. All rights reserved.


Ultrathin SnO2 nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal method using SnF2 and methenamine as precursor and morphology controlling agent, respectively. Structural characterizations indicate that these ultrathin SnO2 nanosheets having a thickness of approximately 4–6 nm can assemble into a three-dimensional, flowerlike architecture. Due to the higher electron mobility and enhanced light-scattering effect of these hierarchical structures, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on such SnO2 architectures exhibit much higher cell performance than that of SnO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, coating a TiO2 layer on these ultrathin SnO2 nanosheets can also significantly improve the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. Compared with the plain SnO2 nanosheets, the TiO2 coating on these ultrathin SnO2 nanosheets can lead to more than 7 times improvement in the energy conversion efficiency. With a thin layer of TiO2 coating, the highest overall photoconversion efficiency of DSSCs based o...


Technology-based in-home reading and spelling programs have the potential to compensate for the lack of sufficient instructions provided at schools. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic showed the immaturity of the existing remote teaching solutions. Consequently, many students did not receive the necessary instructions. This paper presents a model for developing intelligent reading and spelling programs. The proposed approach is based on an optimization model that includes artificial neural networks and linear regression to maximize the educational value of the pedagogical content. This model is personalized, tailored to the learning ability level of each user. Regression models were developed for estimating the lexical difficulty in the literacy tasks of auditory and visual lexical decision, word naming, and spelling. For building these regression models, 55 variables were extracted from French lexical databases that were used with the data from lexical mega-studies. Forward stepwise analysis was conducted to identify the top 10 most important variables for each lexical task. The results showed that the accuracy of the models (based on root mean square error) reached 88.13% for auditory lexical decision, 89.79% for visual lexical decision, 80.53% for spelling, and 83.86% for word naming. The analysis of the results showed that word frequency was a key predictor for all the tasks. For spelling, the number of irregular phoneme-graphemes was an important predictor. The auditory word recognition depended heavily on the number of phonemes and homophones, while visual word recognition depended on the number of homographs and syllables. Finally, the word length and the consistency of initial grapheme-phonemes were important for predicting the word-naming reaction times.


Corporate governance may be analyzed from different perspectives, one of them being its legal aspect. Instead of examining legal rules governing corporate governance, this paper will analyze the relationship between non-legal norms and corporate governance focusing on the influence that non-legal norms have on the way of functioning of corporate governance in practice. Japanese corporate governance has often been the subject of attention of foreign scholars, particularly in debates on the comparative aspects of corporate governance. 1 The main focus is usually on the rules regulating corporate governance and legal reforms affecting those rules. The main bank system, cross-shareholding and long-term employment are usually mentioned as typical features of the Japanese model of corporate governance. The current literature on Japanese corporate governance relies often on


The influence of the acceleration of a femtosecond laser‐generated plasma on the reflected spectrum of the plasma‐producing pulse is analyzed quantitatively, and compared to experimental results. It is shown that the spectral positions of the reflected laser light are complicated functions of the temporally varying optical properties of the plasma and the hydrodynamic motion. The linewidths, however, depend only on the acceleration of the plasma mirror and the chirp of the laser pulse and can consequently be used to measure the acceleration in a laser‐produced plasma. Plasma accelerations on the order of 1018 m s−2≊1017 g directed both away from the solid target at intensities of I≤1017 W cm−2 and into the target for I≥3×1017 W cm−2 are obtained from an analysis of the experiments. The results demonstrate that during the short subpicosecond laser pulse the plasma motion is actually dominated by acceleration rather than by a constant expansion velocity. The measured accelerations are among the highest acce...


We present the possibility of light beam propagation control in a Kerr nonlinear magneto-optic medium through the efficient management of linear and circular birefringences. We show numerically that the joint birefringences, achieved through the combined use of the Cotton-Mouton and Faraday effects, can effectively accelerate, postpone or even arrest the nonlinear collapse (for a fixed value of the optical power). We also present the experimental observation of collapse tuning in a bulk Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) crystal placed in an external magnetic field. The obtained results offer new possibilities towards the use of magneto-optic effects for controlling various nonlinear phenomena.


Excavation of shafts in 8 headrace tunnels at Bakun hydropower station includes excavation of part of upper bend sections,lower bend sections and vertical shaft sections.Pilot tunnel with diameter Ф1.4m is drilled by raise-boring machine,the pilot tunnel is enlarged from bottom to top and then full section excavation is carried out from top to bottom.8 shafts are constructed safely and successfully and gain good achievements in quality and benefits.This paper gives brief description of construction location selection of raise-boring machine,upper bend section excavation scheme,pilot tunnel constructed by raise-boring machine,pilot tunnel enlargement and shaft full section excavation for Bakun headrace tunnel.


The early Marxian ideology plays a significant role in the development of his thoughts. Marx entiled his works "Deutsche Ideologie"which symbolized the formation of his philosophy idea. What's more important is that ,in some sense, it was just in the course of criticism on all the different ideological trends that Marx formed and established his own historical materialism. Proceeding from Marx version and integrating the inherent logic of Marxian ideological development, this article makes a pilot study and analysis on the following aspects: the characteristics of "Deutshe Idologie" development and its relation with"Ideologie uberhaupt", the illusory secret of "die Ideologie",the chracteristics of Marsisthethodology. "Ideologie" critique and the origination of the new world outlook.


Abstract A new generalized two-mode squeezed state which has less fluctuation in one quadrature phase then the usual two-mode squeezed state at the expense of increased fluctuation in the other quadrature is proposed. The coordinate representations and normally ordered expansions of the generalized two-mode squeeze operators and are given. The wavefunction of the generalized two-mode squeezed coherent state is obtained. The non-classical properties of the state such as squeezing and sub-Poissionian statistics are discussed.


The paper examines and systematizes the most common theoretical approaches to the "cancel culture", a widely spread mediatized phenomenon in contemporary social life. It focuses on analyzing primarily English-language academic discourse, since there are significantly more scholars examining this phenomenon. In addition to the literature review, the study uses monitoring methods of media publications on the related topic, which allows for revealing tendencies and dynamics of public and academic interest in the analyzed phenomenon. The paper describes the theoretical origins of the "cancel culture", offers the most stable definitions and interpretations of the "cancel culture" today, and considers the concept of "cancel culture" in the context of the struggle for social justice. The theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon also includes a critical perspective: the "cancel culture" is condemned for its incompatibility with the promoted democratic ideals to the methods used by activists, the abuse of media power, etc. The "cancel culture" is criticized for the practice of lynching, or so-called "digital vigilantism". Obviously, the "cancel culture" is both a positive and a negative phenomenon, which should be viewed in a comprehensive and in-depth way.


For simple gas hydrate formation, the temperature and pressure of methane hydrate is highest, butane is lowest, and ethane and propane is between them. In mixed binary system of CH4C2H6 and CH4C3H8, the formation temperature is decreasing and the pressure is increasing when the methane content is increasing. For the multiconstitute mixed system of natural gases, the temperature of gas hydrate formation is increasing and the pressure is decreasing when C3H8+C4H10content increase in natural gases. With salinity increase and/or added inhibitor, the temperature of gas hydrate formation is increasing and the pressure is decreasing. The maximal pressure of gas hydrate formation in pipeline can be determined by gas constitute and content, therefore, pipeline efficiency can be maximated. The pipeline efficiency also can enormously be enhanced when salinity is increasing or inhibitor is added in pipeline.


Abstract This study focuses on the adsorption of hazardous Cr (III) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by applying modified waste polypropylene (PP) fabric as an adsorbent. Pre-irradiation technique was performed for grafting of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and acrylic acid (AAc) onto the PP fabric. The monomer containing 8% SSS and 16% AAc in water was used. Graft yield at 30 kGy radiation dose was 390% when 4% NaCl was added as additive. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The influences of different parameters including pH, contact time, temperature and initial metal ion concentration were also investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity 384.62 mg/g for Cr (III) and 188.68 mg/g for Cu (II) ions. The kinetic data were better explained by pseudo first-order kinetic model having good matching between the experimental and theoretical adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and thermodynamically feasible. Furthermore, investigation of desorption of metal ions and reuse of the adsorbent suggesting that the adsorbent is an efficient and alternative material in the removal of Cr (III) and Cu (II) from aqueous media.


A theory relating the separation of misfit dislocations to lattice mismatch and film thickness in heteroepitaxial thin films is presented. From this, the energy as a function of dislocation spacing is calculated and is shown to include an attractive and repulsive region. The dislocation-formation energy and Peierls barrier to network ordering are shown to be estimable on the basis of measured dispersions in dislocation spacings. The spacing is predicted to be more uniform as the mismatch increases. Thermodynamic functions, such as the compressibility of the dislocation network, can be calculated from the energy\char21{}dislocation-spacing relationship. A formula relating the equilibrium dislocation spacing to film thickness, mismatch, and misfit-dislocation character is also derived. Finally, the density of threading dislocations is calculated both at the heterojunction and at the film surface, by assuming a threading-dislocation reaction process. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data for ${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$/Si, InSb/GaAs, and ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs structures.


The catalogue,geograghic distribution,species structure and ecological type of 18 species of linyphiidae spider were described in this paper.The domestic distribution of 17 species were clear.According to China′s animal spider geographical divisions,the 17 species belong to Central China area,have the most common species with South-West China area,and have the least common species with Qinghai Xizang area.Compared with other provinces,Jiangxi has the most common species with Zhejiang,and the least common species with Guangdong and Fujian.


In this article, the writer tries to discuss the similarities and differences of the images of animals in Chinese and English idioms and the ways of translating them.