By limiting the planning domain to "L2 Informed Set", some sampling-based motion planners (SBMP) (e.g., Informed RRT*, BIT*) can solve the geometric motion planning problems efficiently. However, the construction of informed set (IS) will be very challenging, when further differential constraints are considered. For the time-optimal kinodynamic motion planning problem, this paper defines a modified time informed set (MTIS) to limit the planning domain. Due to drawing inspiration from Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) reachability analysis, MTIS, compared with the original TIS, can not only help save the running time of SBMP, but also extend the applicable scope from linear systems to polynomial nonlinear systems with control constrains. On this basis, a spatio-temporal sampling strategy adapted to MTIS is proposed. Firstly, MTIS is used to estimate the optimal cost and the valid tree structure is reused, so that we do not need to provide a solution trajectory in advance. Secondly, this strategy is generic, allowing it to be combined with common SBMP (such as SST, etc.) to accelerate convergence and reduce the memory requirement. Several simulation experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.


The paper established the goal to cultivate multimedia technology professional talents according to multimedia technology occupation post group, typical work tasks as well as the requirements of talents' vocational ability, combined with the actual situation of multimedia technology,and constructed '4+1' modular curriculum system to lay the foundation for cultivating high-quality, well-skilled multimedia technology industry talents.


The article at hand intends to learn about companies' attempts to transfer educational concepts by means of a case study. The investigated cases come from the automotive industry and a comparative approach (USA, South Africa) is used here to focus on the implementation and development of dual apprenticeship structures. How do German manufacturers abroad, in this case a German MNC, build up cooperations within very different cultural enviroments? The theoretical approach is, coming from Engetrom's activity theory, the concept of boundary objects with regard to boundary crossing. The results show the different approaches of both cases to build up dual training structures abroad successfully. In the discussion, boundary objects are being identified and assigned to three categories: path dependency, organizational learning and innovation.


This paper fits into a new trend in management studies in which a stronger attention is paid to heterogeneity between innovative companies, for example within sectors. This heterogeneity stems inter alia from different strategies, apparent in different business activity; different experiences of the companies at their start; and different networks through which external resources can be accessed. In this paper we adopt this focus on heterogeneity in a study of urban agglomeration economies. A central position is given to the nature and importance of urban agglomeration economies on the microlevel and the concomitant degree of location-boundness (or footlooseness). The following questions will be addressed: (1) Which factors determine the degree of location-boundness? To what extent is there heterogeneity within economic sectors? (2) What is the importance of local knowledge spillovers and to what extent is a low importance compensated by a high importance for access to global knowledge? (3) Which differentiation can be seen in the spatial coverage of agglomeration economies? To answer these questions, we utilized 21 in-depth case studies in a selected sample of innovative companies in large cities in the Netherlands. We made use of rough set analysis, a classification method that typically fits small samples and qualitative data. The structure of the paper is as follows. After the introduction and problem statement, we introduce key notions from agglomeration theory and resourcedependence theory. We then clarify the nature of the empirical research. The results of the empirical study and the evaluation of these results are presented next. The paper concludes with a summary and an indication of potential future research steps.


Sea ice conditions appear yearly in Bohai and Northern Huanghai of China.The disasters of sea ice are terrible in many respects: blank off ports,jam sea-routes,wreck offing structures and coasting vessels,and hard to control and berth ships.Sea ice conditions greatly influence the harbor operation,and even result in serious maritime distress.Multiform analyses are described here about the impact of sea ice on harbor operation.The countermeasures of preventing and resisting sea ice disaster for harbor are emphasized.Harbor decision-making and management methods are put forward in this paper for extending operation days and safety control in production for harbors in sea ice conditions.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine and is intended to implement an automated method of determining cardiac contraction on the basis of discretised signal of blood pressure. Options of the method include definition of the initial point Pstart at least the diastolic point Pdia, systolic point Psys and bisferious point Pdic of the pressure signal. Also the group of inventions include the computer containing the tool interface input and/or output, storage device and means of data processing. The computer is made with the possibility of automated method of detection of cardiac contraction. EFFECT: proposed group enables to increase accuracy of measurement of pressure by detecting abnormal heart rate and its exclusion from the measurement process. 112 cl, 5 dwg


Force Dynamics of Verb Complementation The concepts of motion and force are both extensively discussed in cognitive linguistics literature. But they are discussed separately. The first usually in the context of 'motion situations' (Talmy, Slobin, Zlatev), the other as part of the Force Dynamics framework, which was developed by Talmy. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to argue that the concepts of force and motion should not be isolated but considered as two inseparable parts of force-motion events. The second goal is to prove that the modified Force Dynamics (force-motion) framework can be used for precise characterization of the verb complementation patterns. To this end, a random sample of 50 sentences containing the verb 'went' is analyzed, demonstrating the differences between the categories of intensive and intransitive complementation with respect to the linguistically coded parameters of force and motion.


January 2023 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Arvid Carlsson, a Swedish scientist, one of the three winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2000 "for proving that Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter whose deficiency leads to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease". Levodopa therapy is one of the main achievements of neurology in the twentieth century, and Parkinson' s disease was the first disease in which a specific neurochemical deficiency was confirmed in defined regions of the brain, which forms the basis for rational, chemically supported therapy. The paper briefly reviews the most important achievements in the discovery of Dopamine and levodopa, as well as their functions in the development of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine synthesis, understanding of levodopa synthesis method, possibility of measuring Dopamine concentration in putamen and caudate and its loss in Parkinson' s disease, along with histochemical visualization of nigrostriatal pathway and animal lesion model, enabled understanding of the role of nigrostriatal Dopamine system in the development of Parkinson's disease symptoms. Part of the work is devoted to the metabolism of Dopamine in healthy dopaminergic neurons, and then to its functioning in dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease patients. It is known that in Parkinson's disease, Dopamine deficiency occurs due to selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Their suffering is triggered by a cascade of events that included the action of potential toxins, the influence of susceptibility genes on the body's response to them, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunction of the ubiquitous proteasomal system that leads to the accumulation of incorrectly "packaged" proteins, the exhaustion of the endoplasmic reticulum system and the activation of mycoglia that follows inflammatory process. These changes can lead to programmed cell death of dopaminergic neurons with consequent Dopamine deficiency and the development of PD. Special attention is paid to the consequences of neuron loss on the functioning of the remaining dopaminergic neurons and Dopamine receptors, with reference to the therapeutic motor complications that may arise on that occasion. The basic assumptions about the occurrence of therapeutic complications are still related to the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and the model of its delivery to the brain, which results in non-physiological, pulsatile stimulation of Dopamine receptors. Today's possibilities in achieving a more stable concentration of levodopa with existing strategies are presented, with an answer to the question of whether continuous stimulation can be achieved under the conditions of standard, regular patients' levodopa therapy. In the short final part, the position of levodopa in the guidelines and recommendations for treatment is commented. It is expected that L-dopa will remain the "gold standard" for the treatment of PD at least until the development of more potent and safer Dopamine agonists or the development of neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies.


In this article, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and different kinds of Ulam–Hyers stability of solutions of an impulsive coupled system of fractional differential equations by using the Caputo–Katugampola fuzzy fractional derivative. We applied the Perov-type fixed point theorem to prove the existence and uniqueness of the proposed system. Furthermore, the Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias–Mittag-Leffler's stability results for the given system are discussed.


The objective of this study was to investigate if the Project-Based Collaborative Learning (PBCL) approach could positively impact on a student's performance within an introductory programming subject. PBCL is a student-centred approach that allows students to collaboratively engage in an authentic complex project that facilitates students developing knowledge and skills while systematically completing learning tasks that combine to achieve the project. In this study, PBCL was implemented within a postgraduate web-based programming subject for students who mostly did not have a prior history with programming. This study used inferential descriptive statistical analysis to compare the students' performance with a prior offering where students completed all tasks as individuals. The size of the study was 799 students over three years (n=338 in 2019, 238 in 2020 and 223 in 2021). The results indicate a statistically significant improvement, with failure rates declining by 7% and average overall performance improving by 5.8%. As there were a substantial number of female students an analysis based on gender was also possible (38% female students). This approach indicated a statistically significant improvement for female students, with failure rates declining by 10% and average overall performance improving by 8.3%. The results of this study provide evidence of the effectiveness of the PBCL approach to engage and improve a student's, especially female students' learning within an introductory programming subject.


The problems encountered in family planning fieldwork in Pakistan are outlined. Despite dedicated and organized family planning programs in Pakistan since 1965 the countrys population may double by the year 2000. Numerous factors tend to make Pakistan a strongly pro-natalist society which is conservative traditionally and orthodox. Most of the population is illiterate and religious living in villages based on an agricultural economy where the child is viewed as an aid to production. The family is a tightly-knit social structure and infant mortality is high. Medical facilities are few and far between. The concept of planning families is a revolutionary change in such a society. The family planning program in Pakistan has included numerous educational and informative media programs ranging from traveling puppeteers in the rural areas to urban radio programs. Family planning counseling has been provided for postpartum and other hospital patients. The use of lady health visitors in remote villages has proved to be a delicate program with highly variable success depending on mutual individual respect between workers and villagers. programs have also been instituted among industrial laborers and through other public health programs. The direct relationship between family planning education and the standard of living is recognized and the interconnection between population control and economic development is seen as the ultimate answer to Pakistans population problem.


In this concept note authors aim to put forth a broad canvas of the various issues that need to be considered and positions that need to be formulated, in order to argue that it is possible to make Universal access to health care a reality in India in the coming decade. Universal Access to Health Care in India is a social necessity and Health Care should be regarded as a basic human right. For this purpose a clear understanding of UAHC and it's implications is needed, and the experience of other countries will have to be studied, and lessons learned from these experiences need to be applied within the context of specificities of the Indian situation.


Fe–Ni alloy with a Ni content of 36% by mass exhibits the smallest coefficient of thermal expansion and is known as invar alloy.1–4) In the field of electronic communication devices, such as semiconductor lead frames and the package components of optical fibers, Fe–36 mass% Ni alloy has been widely used as a material with low thermal expansion.5) Invar alloys are produced by melting and casting methods and by rolling, but these manufacturing processes limit the form and accuracy of the dimensions of the products. If these invar alloys can be produced by electrodeposition, the range of products that could be formed by deposition will increase and the manufacturing cost will decrease.6) For example, in the vacuum deposition of an organic electroluminescence layer in a smartphone, the metal mask is set Effects of Electrolyte Composition and Additives on the Formation of Invar Fe–Ni Alloys with Low Thermal Expansion Electrodeposited from Sulfate Bath


This gloss discusses the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union taken in the judgment passed on 20 March 2018 in the case of Luca Menci (C-524/15) in reference to the restrictions of ne bis in idem principle. The main thesis of the Court concerned the admissibility of restrictions of ne bis in idem based on the principle of proportionality as a limitation clause and its accordance with the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The analysis of the right not to be tried or punished twice in Article 4 Protocol 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms allows us to formulate opposite conclusions. The application of the balancing test as a limitation clause for ne bis in idem, finds no support in the case-law of the ECtHR too. According to the Author, the position taken in Menci infringes Article 52(3) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, according to which the meaning and scope of the rights which correspond to rights guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms shall be at least be the same.


The affirmation of the country's existing system by the nationals is the basic element and an important manifestation of national security. As an important force for safeguarding national security and social stability, the military's national defense education is far different from the locality in terms of breadth and depth, and its functional mission makes the group have higher political awareness requirements. Therefore, the hypothesis of this paper is that the affirmative factor of the military group is significantly better than that of the non-military group. By selecting samples of military personnel or former military personnel in China's Comprehensive Social Survey (CGSS), and randomly extracting the same number of non-military samples, a structural equation model was constructed to analyze the differences and internal mechanisms. The results show that this hypothesis is established, and there is a strong correlation between government satisfaction factors and institutional affirmative factors. Life satisfaction, social attitudes and political attitude factors also affect system security to some extent.


Does the brain operate at criticality, to optimize neural computation? Literature uses different fingerprints of criticality in neural networks, leaving the relationship between them mostly unclear. Here, we compare two specific signatures of criticality, and ask whether they refer to observables at the same critical point, or to two differing phase transitions. Using a recurrent spiking neural network, we demonstrate that avalanche criticality does not necessarily lie at edge-of-chaos. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-149374 Conference or Workshop Item Published Version Originally published at: Kanders, K; Stoop, R (2016). Neural avalanches at the edge-of-chaos? In: NOLTA 2016: International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, Yugawara, 27 November 2016 30 November 2016, 493-496. Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications (NOLTA2016) November 27–30, 2016. New Welcity Yugawara, Yugawara, Japan Proceedings of NOLTA2016 USB Memory C © IEICE Japan 2016 Typesetting: Data conversion by the authors. Final processing by T. Kousaka and D. Ito with LTEX. Printed in Japan


Abstract FOR THE HEALTH OF THE LAND. Leopold, Aldo. 1999. Island Press, Covelo, California, $22.95. Reviewed by Graeme P. Berlyn.


This paper proposes an automatic resonant frequency tracking scheme for resonant converters. A plant modeling approach is presented based on realistic ramp variation of resonant frequency due to slowly varying environmental conditions. The drift in resonant frequency is detected by observing the phase relationship of an electrical variable pair. A rigorous analysis is carried out to select the most suitable variable pair for phase comparison. The effects of circuit nonidealities on the proposed phase detection technique have been detailed. The proposed control technique has been implemented using low cost analog circuitry and is applied to a parallel LLC tank-based resonant boost dc-dc converter. Experimental results are presented on a 160-W prototype to validate the analytical predictions.


Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymor- phism was employed to assess the genetic diversity in the elite germ- plasm of Dalbergia sissoo. Sixty-seven clones that are under cultivation in northern India, originated from six different states of India and Nepal were analyzed with 30 RAPD primers that generated a total of 342 frag- ments out of which 290 were polymorphic. Total genetic diversity (Ht) varied between 0.01 and 0.37, with an average of 0.19. Shannon's In- formation index (I) varied between 0.02 and 0.54, with an average of 0.31. Marker attributes like Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), Marker Index (MI) and Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR) values were calculated to assess the discriminatory power of 30 primers used. The PIC values ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 with an average of 0.17 per primer and the EMR ranged from 0.17 to 21.00 with a mean of 8.66 across all genotypes. Closely related clones were C49 and C51 with similarity index of 0.86 while the least similar or most dissimilar clones were C14 and S-DB showing similarity index of 0.58. The UPGMA-phenogram categorized the 67 clones into six clusters based on genetic similarity and dissimilarity. The clustering of clones in relation to their geographical location has been discussed.


Execution of a construction project requires a systematic and well-planned scheduling so that the project can be run in accordance with the plans that have been p lann ed . Unfavorable scheduling system can cause the project to be inefficient. E xecution of a construction project often need s to accelerate the duration of the project which resulted in the addition of in direct costs. Every effort to expedite the implementation of the project in general will result in increased project costs . By increasing the working hours can speed execution time , but the cost for that would be more expensive . This provides the necessary conditions so that the business dilemma that the project can be completed with optimum cost and time . Cost - time optimization needs to be done to determine which activities should be accelerated and how the duration of the acceleration due to the acceleration that the incremental cost to a minimum. The intent ion and purpose of this research is to accelerate the execution time by using the method of CPM overtime , so we get the optimal time and cost. This research method by forming a linear equation of the trajectory of the crisis and then analyzed by linier program LINDO. The results  o n the Rehabilitation Project DI Sidorejo are is 16 1 days with optimum total cost of Rp 3,733,520,010.00 , resulting in cost efficiency of Rp 10,480,990.00 of the normal cost Rp 3,744,001,000.00 or 0.28% , project duration of 19 days sooner than the normal time of 180 days or 10.56% Cost efficiency occurs because the direct cost necessary to speed up the project implementation period is smaller than the reduction in overhead costs. Keywords : acceleration, time, execution,  project.


OBJECTIVE To observe the relationship between index of cumulative exposure and ocular surface conditions,and also the clinical effect of Chinese herbal fumigation with point massage around the eyes on VDT asthenopia. METHODS Thirty VDT asthenopia patients were separated into low exposure group and high exposure group by ICE. Then the changes of symptom score,break-up time of tears(BUT),SchirmerⅠtest (SIT) and cornea fluorescent pigmentation (FL)were observed. All patients had been treated by Chinese herbal fumigation with point massage around the eyes 10 times,which was carried out every other day. RESULTS ①The ocular surface conditions of patients in low exposure group were better than high exposure group (P0.01). ②After the treatment,there was statistical significance with before (P0.05). Patient's symptom score,BUT,SIT and FL all got better. The low exposure group had better clinical effect than high exposure group (P0.01). CONCLUSIONS ① In VDT asthenopia patients,along with ICE increasing,the number of ocular surface variations increased. ②Chinese herbal fumigation with point massage around the eyes could improve patient's ocular surface conditions and symptoms,and better effect obtained for patients with low ICE.


The theory of knowledge represents a central problem in Marxist philosophical debates. As we have explained, it contains questions as fundamental as that of the relationship between idealism and (pre-Marxian) materialism and that of the – ultimately – materialist character of a praxis-orientated interpretation of Marxism.317 These theoretical problematics had and continue to have far-reaching consequences, insofar as within them is found the balancing act that any critical Marxist philosophy and theory must constantly dare to realise; a balancing act to which this philosophical tendency owes a great deal of its allure and importance, but which simultaneously represents an internal philosophical reason that this theoretical current does not enjoy much sympathy in the current political context. Bourgeois thinkers and actors took pleasure in casting against this current the allegation that it was allied with dark forces in the Soviet Union, a reproach which still finds adherents after the end of the experiment of actually-existing socialism. Among Marxist theorists and activists, on the other hand, this theoretical current – known as Western Marxism – always awakened the suspicion that it might contain a 'bourgeois' softening of the Marxist critique of the ruling capitalist relations of production and bourgeois society. With the end of the Soviet Union, the majority of dogmatic Marxists have also disappeared from the face of the Earth. Now, old dogmatic Marxists who suddenly recall that they were always good bourgeois democrats, together with untiring anticommunists, unleash insults against any persisting efforts to develop Marxist


The problem of childhood adiposity has reached epidemic proportions in many parts of the world and has become a public health challenge.
Obesity
co-morbidities are expected to
 increase
progressively in line with the recent observed increase in childhood adiposity. Unless a solution is found, adiposity trends will escalate increasing
 mortality
. To date the understanding of why this is happening is rudimentary and it seems that no coherent and effective methods have been developed to overcome this condition. Biological influences, parental influences and societal influences need all to be addressed if childhood adiposity is to be managed appropriately. Effective policies and programmes are needed at both
global
and national levels in order to address
childhood
adiposity. In light of these findings this paper explores the literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cause and effect in childhood adiposity. This paper also provides recommendations and possible solutions/methods of intervention for what could be considered a National epidemic.


Williams, G. L. 1996. The early Mesozoic radiation of dinoflagellates. Paleobiology, 22:329-338. LaJeunesse, T. C. 2001. Investigating the biodiversity, ecology, and phylogeny of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium using the ITS region: in search of a "species" level marker. J. Phycol., 37:866-880. LaJeunesse, T. C. & Trench, R. K. 2000. Biogeography of two species of Symbiodinium (Freudenthal) inhabiting the intertidal sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissimu (Brandt). Biol. Bull., 199: 126134. Li, W. H., Gojobori, T. & Nei, M. 1981. Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution. Nature, 292:237-239. Loh, W., Carter, D. & Hoegh-Guldberg, 0. 1998. Diversity of zooxanthellae from scleractinian corals of One Tree Island (The Great Barrier Reef). In: Greenwood, J. G. & Hall, N. J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Australian Coral Reef Society, 75th Anniversity Conference, Heron Island October 1997. University of Queenland. Brisbane. p. 8795. Rehnstam-Holm, A. S., Godhe, A. & Anderson, D. M. 2002. Molecular studies of Dinophysis (Dinophyceae) species from Sweden and North America. Phycologia, 41:348-357. Rowan, R. 1998. Diversity and ecology of zooxanthellae on coral reefs. J . Phycol., 34:407417. Rowan, R. & Powers, D. A. 1991a. A molecular genetic identification of zooxanthellae and the evolution of animal-algal symbioses. Science, 251: 1348-1351. Rowan, R. & Powers, D. A. 1991b. Molecular genetic identification of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Zooxanthellae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 71:


Previous studies that have examined the relationship between personality factors and second language acquisition have yielded contradictory findings. However, when these studies are divided according to whether they examined natural communicative language as compared with formal tested language, it becomes clear that certain personal characteristics are consistently related to successful language learning. The present study examines seven such characteristics in connection with success at acquiring certain communicative language skills among thirteen Spanish-speaking kindergartners who began the school year with almost no English. The question of motivation to be a part of the target language group and preference for English speakers as playmates and friends is also discussed on the basis of sociometric evidence. Contrary to previous conclusions (e.g., WongFillmore 1976), the faster learners did not seek to befriend or identify more with English speakers than did the slower learners. Faster learners, however, were more talkative, responsive, and gregarious than slower learners. Implications of these findings for teachers and researchers are discussed. This study attempts to discover some of the reasons why young children from similar backgrounds will acquire a second language at markedly different rates and with varying degrees of success. Studies by Wong-Fillmore (1976), and Cathcart, Strong, and Fillmore (1979) have already shown that, within a given time period, in any group some children will become able to communicate comfortably, some will learn enough to get by, and some will acquire hardly any skills in the second language. Recently, much second language research (reviewed in Long 1982) has suggested that language learners who can maintain communicative interactions with native speakers experience the optimal conditions for improving their skills in the new language. The focus of most of this


Abstract REPROTOX is an online database that focuses on environmental hazards to both human reproduction and development. It is available by subscription for a nominal fee. This column will focus on the content of the database, as well as searching hints.


As a similarity measure of medical image registration, f-information is studied. Mutual information is considered a special type of f-information. In order to reduce sensitivity to changes in overlap, two novel normalized I-alpha-information measures are proposed. The function curves, computational time and convergence are studied by applying these measures to rigid registration of computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance (MR) and MR/positron emission tomography (PET) images. The results of tests show the effectiveness of normalized I-alpha-information.


Immanuel Kant's position that the external world conforms to our mental representations and that we thus seem to have enormous power to shape our own reality-but at the same time are hugely limited, never sure our representations of reality are adequate-is so foundational for modern philosophy and linguistics that it essentially has the status of a presumption in much work in those fields today. While it is well-known that Kant became a professor of philosophy relatively late in life (in 1770, aged 46, when he was appointed to a professorship in logic and metaphysics at Konigsberg), his earlier writings, including those on psychology and anthropology, are relatively under-examined in scholarship in philosophy, psychology, and German studies. This is in part because that work is simply not considered significant in relation to the seismic impact of his later philosophical production.1 But early in his career, and, perhaps surprisingly, in texts about hallucinations and mental illness, Kant's expositions on the malfunctioning of the mind demonstrate interests similar to those that guide his philosophy decades later. Kant's philosophy has been credited with informing later developments in psychology and psychoanalysis. But the article argues that Kant's early work demonstrates that early psychology also informs modern critical philosophy.2In order to do this, I first briefly explicate the contours of faculty (or empirical) psychology in the mid- to late eighteenth century in Germany; this was part of the intellectual context in which Kant produced his early writings. I then focus on Kant's exploration of aspects of psychology in Dreams of a Spirit-Seer (Traume eines Geistersehers, erlautert durch Traume der Metaphysik, 1766), and make reference to his Classification of Mental Disorders (Versuch uber die Krankheiten des Kopfes, 1764).For Kant, a consideration of psychosomatic disorders was a way of exploring questions about consciousness and self-consciousness. The budding field of empirical psychology of the eighteenth century, in Germany in particular, included the observation and description of psychosomatic symptoms.3 In the eighteenth century, German psychologists generally worked within a dualistic framework, whose ongoing indebtedness to a Cartesian model of the self meant that German psychology diverged strongly from the French and English traditions prior to approximately 1770. While philosophers such as Locke rejected the sense of certainty and confidence about the self that came in the wake of Descartes's contention that consciousness (or the res cogitans) is the reliable repository of reason, German psychologists often continued to separate the operations of consciousness from emotional states, which were attributed to the passions of the body.By the 1770s, however, there was a shifttoward "mental physicalism," which included a view of emotional states as natural, gradually replacing the Cartesian-influenced model that had dominated the German-language tradition since the seventeenth century. This shiftwas not a complete rejection of philosophical psychology; rather, mental physicalists borrowed aspects of the thinking of Leibniz and Wolff, who had already revised Descartes on the point of the uniqueness of consciousness. Leibniz acknowledged that mental activity depends on the body. Wolffamended Descartes' restriction of consciousness to the thinking subject alone, arguing that consciousness is constituted only in relations between subject and object. Like Leibniz, Wolffdistinguished between initial physical sense perception, or sensation, and apperception, or the awareness that one is perceiving something. This two-stage theory of perception continued into German psychology's transition into "mental physicalism," which asserts the embodiedness of mind, but has no difficulty accepting a separation between physical sensation and mental perception (or apperception). Albrecht von Haller, Moritz, C. …


We have developed an alternative multicolor karyotyping technique based on multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH) and our own optical device with a specific filter set. The most innovative part of our development is the use of interspersed polymerase chain reaction (IRS‐PCR) painting probes that show an R‐band pattern simultaneous to the combinatorial labeling. This allows us not only to recognize the origin of chromosomal fragments, but to identify the breakpoints as well. We have used this technique to analyze seven cell lines: four prostate cancer cell lines (CA‐HPV‐10, LNCaP, DU145, and PC3), and three normal transformed epithelial prostate cell lines (PNT1B, PNT2, and PZ‐HPV‐7). In order to validate our IRS‐PCR multiplex FISH (IPM‐FISH) technique and to complement the results, we applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and FISH analysis, showing good correlation with the IPM‐FISH results. To date, molecular and cytogenetic studies have identified several chromosomal regions that are altered in human prostate cancer; several candidate genes have been suggested. However, reliable markers for predicting the aggressiveness of early prostate cancer are not yet available. Our results show several common, unbalanced rearrangements in the cell lines. These rearrangements are similar to regions already implicated in prostate cancer, validating these cell lines as a good model system. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising 100 parts (A) a branched organopolysiloxane having on molecular terminals at least two alkenyl groups and represented by (R3SiO1/2)4-p(R1R2SiO1/2)p(R2SiO)m(RR1SiO)n(SiO4/2), to 400 parts (B) an organopolysiloxane composed of R3R22SiO1/2 units and SiO4/2 units, (C) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and a catalytic quantity of (D) a platinum-type catalyst. Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet having an adhesive layer in the form of a cured layer of the aforementioned composition.


: The phenomenon of globalization is the growing financial problem for the financial regulation and supervision at the local level. The purposes of the study is to maintain the SWOT analysis of the impacts of globalization onto the process of financial regulation and supervision; to study the requirements of the macroprudential regulation;


Due to the high quality of Gaia DR2 stellar parallaxes and proper motions, we can study the Cygnus OB2 region up to G = 17.5 mag in circular region centred at (l, b) = (79.8°, +0.8°) of radius 1°. We detect four overdensities in the Vector Point Diagram. We apply a parametric model of the proper motion distribution and determine their mean proper motions, identify their members, and estimate their distances by analysing the parallaxes of the most probable members. We confirm that one of these regions is Cygnus OB2, whose mean proper motion is (μαcosδ, μδ) = (−2.71 ± 0.02, −4.24 ± 0.02) $\mathrm{mas\, yr}^{-1}$. We identify 2767 astrometric members at an estimated distance of 1683 ± 5 pc. A detailed comparison of these members with 333 photometric and spectroscopic Cygnus OB2 members shows that 33 stars of the last group are not members, 16 of them are O-B stars. 300 members in common lead to estimate a distance to the association of 1669 ± 6 pc. One of the remaining overdensities is the open cluster UCB585 for which we find eight more members, located at ∼1460 pc. The other two groups count 179 and 188 proper motion members which are distributed throughout the region and situated at a distance of ∼1280 pc. The estimated distances of these four groups suggest the existence of different substructures in the Cygnus OB2 region along the line of sight.


Abstract An isolated edentulous dolphin mandible from the Tangahoe Mudstone (Waipipian Stage, Pliocene), Waihi Beach, probably represents a species of Delphinus or Sienella (Delphinidae). Other fossil dolphins have been reported from New Zealand, but this is the first specimen to be described formally.


Ethiopia in general and Bale Zone in particular, is rich in both natural and cultural tourism resources. Conversely, it's economic, socio-cultural and environmental role is insignificant due to problems mainly related to the lack of infrastructural development and marketing of the destination. In order to make tourism development more sustainable, it is important to look into the problems associated with promoting and marketing of the tourist destinations. Thus, as to achieve the objective of the study a mixed research methodology was implemented. Since the aim of this study was to assess the Practices and Challenges of promoting Bale Zone major Tourism Resources for Sustainable Tourism Development the research was typically descriptive in nature. In this study, both primary and secondary data was gathered. The data was collected through extensive, questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, and field observation. To gather the needed primary data, 357 samples were selected from domestic and oversea tourists who have visited BZTD in 2014. The collected data were coded, processed and analyzed with the help of SPSS. The finding of the study demonstrated that the promotional and marketing activities of Bale Zone failed to meet their ultimate goal to become an important tourist destination because of the absence and limited nature of promotional practices, budget shortages, lack of attention from stakeholders and critically, a lack of skilled manpower. Above all, awareness problems, absence of good governance, and lack of cooperation between stakeholders aggravated problems which prevent sustainability.


The article highlights the main trends and motivation of the Tatar peasant anti-government revolts in the Middle Volga and Urals Region in the post-reform period.


The author discusses the importance of intercultural competence acquisition, which becomes absolutely indispensable in increasingly expanding international contacts, and also emphasizes the role of a foreign languages teacher, destined to be a mediator in the dialogue of cultures.


In 1937 the important nucleus of Jewish residents in Sanremo made pressured on the Israelite community in Genova in order to set up the Sanremo unit. The three oratories funtioning in Sanremo were officiated by a rabbi sent from Genova. On the eve of the racial laws, the unit had at least 130 registered members. Foreing Jews were more numerous. In all, there were about 250 Jews on the Riviera. The anti-racial measures of September 1938 and the consequent decree of expulsion caused the immediate departure of a large part of the foreing Jews; this situation induced the community of Genova to close down the Sanremo unit in 1939. To confirm the anomalous situation on the Riviera one must take into account the five confirmed cases of suicide, which constitute a high percentage as nothing simular can be found on a national level. From the beginnig of 1938 the number of conversions inflicted great difficulty upon a now disorganized nucleus. The Germans availing themselves of important Italian collaboration, succeeded in arresting and deporting about 50 Jews from the Riviera, wiping out for ever their dreams and ambitions, as well as putting an end to their historical presence.


Bronze mirrors was discovered ubiquitously in tombs from Han to Qin dynasties in Shanghai area.After careful examination,we found those mirrors'patterns and decorations fit well into the evolvement of the whole China's bronze mirror history.


In this study, a mathematical model for optimization softness property of denim fabrics was obtained. For this purpose, selected physical and comfort/performance properties of 27 denim fabric samples with different construction properties were experimentaly determined. Mathematical equations for each property were created by applying regression analysis to the obtained data. These equations were used as constraint to develop a mathematical model for optimizing softness property of denim fabrics. Finally, optimum solution was determined.


This research aimed at revealing the effectiveness of the training for constructing lectora-based instructional materials at the Branch Office of Education, Youth, and Sports in Sleman. This study is evaluation research with the quantitative approach using the. Kirpatrick concept using the four levels: (1) evaluating reactions level; (2) evaluating learning level; (3) evaluation behavior level, and (4) evaluating result level. The research subjects were teachers of kindergartens, junior high schools, senior high schools, and vocational high schools. The data were obtained through a questionnaire and documentation. The data analysis used the descriptive analysis. The result shows that (1) the implementation of the training component of the effectiveness of the training for constructing lectora based instructional materials at the Branch Office of Education, Youth, and Sports in Sleman has got the average score of 56.55 which is in an effective category (45.01-58.50) and it means that the participants responses are good to conduct any organization although it is not optimal, (2) the component of facilitators, competence in effectiveness of the training for constructing lectora-based instructional materials at the Branch Office of Education, Youth, and Sports in Sleman gains the average score of 64.79 which is in very high category (>61.75) and means that the participants have a good perception of the facilitators performance during the training process; (3) the component of participant's learning achievement is an effective category (65.01-84.50) and it means that those materials are ready to be applied in the teaching and learning process in schools; (4) the component of pedagogical competence in effectiveness of the training for constructing lectora-based instructional materials at the Branch Office of Education, Youth, and Sports in Sleman is 24.10 which is in an effective category (>22.75), and it means that teacher's pedagogical competence is met.


The optical response of granular films of YBa2Cu3O7-x to pulsed far infrared radiation has been measured. The infrared light energies ranged from 2.5 to 19 meV. Direct coupling to intergrain Joseph-son currents dominates the 3.2 meV photoresponse. Such direct coupling effects are considerably reduced for 10.9 and 19.1 meV light. These results will be interpreted in terms of possible magnitudes for the superconducting energy gap in YBCO.


The article deals with the understudied problem of labor and socio-political activity of Chechens during their forced resettlement in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. On the basis of new documentary sources, the authors emphasize that despite the difficulties with the employment of deportees, the authorities managed to cope with this difficult task. Labor has always played a special role in the life of Chechen society, and settlers quickly learned the importance of responsible and highly productive work for survival and adaptation to new living conditions. Therefore, they worked selflessly and efficiently, which was repeatedly emphasized in government and party documents. Highly qualified specialists were in high demand, and there were many of them among the deported contingent. Despite restrictions, settlers were active in social and political life. They were elected to the leading bodies of the party, Komsomol, trade union bodies. The authors cannot agree with researchers who believe that special settlers were not accepted as members of the Komsomol or trade unions, that they were not able to run for local and central authorities. The ban did not exist, and active representatives of the deported peoples received the opportunity to influence the social and political processes. Chechens began to be nominated to elective party, Soviet, trade union, Komsomol and other bodies.


The coal accidents occur continuously in China,especially in recent years.The accident has brought the heavy economics losing and bad society impact.The signs have emerged before the happening of the coal accidents,the accidents occur mainly because of the management leak.The main task of coal safety management is to find the management target firstly,and then establish the management standard and management measure for the management target.The hidden troubles are identified before the happening of the coal accidents and removed by the management standard and management measure.


Background: Despite the benefits of physical activity, most people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are insufficiently active to achieve fitness benefits. While most SCI and physical activity research has focused on leisure-time physical activity, few studies have examined activities of daily living (ADL).
 Purpose: To describe and compare 1) self-reported intensities and durations of specific ADL, and 2) minutes/day spent on ADL across key demographic groups.
 Methods: Participants were 695 adults with SCI (76% men, Mage=46.81±13.41, Myears-post-injury=15.19±11.10). ADL were assessed over the telephone using the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI. MANOVAs were computed to test for differences in intensities and durations of different ADL (objective 1) and between-group differences in min/day of ADL (objective 2).
 Results: Overall, participants reported 127.92+142.79 minutes/day of ADL with significantly more time spent in mild intensity (78.93+104.62 minutes/day) than moderate (40.23+68.71 minutes/day) or heavy intensity ADL (8.75+24.53 minutes/day). Four patterns emerged with respect to ADL type, duration, and intensity, with some ADL being typically performed at lighter, or heavier, intensities than others. There were significant differences in minutes/day of ADL intensity and duration between groups based on education, injury severity, and mode of mobility (ps < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Given that some groups were more likely to engage in moderate-heavy intensity ADL, and some ADL are more likely to be performed at moderate-heavy intensities, interventions that target key groups to engage in specific ADL (e.g., wheeling) may be one strategy to enhance physical activity participation among people with SCI.


Studies were carried out in an experimental orchard established on the area of Agricultural and Pomicultural Experimental Farm in Przybroda belonging to the Agricul- tural University in Pozna�. The establishing of an orchard in the place of a previously ex- isting one exerted an influence on the tree growth impediment and increased the number of tree losses. Poor growth decreased both the individual yield from one tree and the yielding from the area unit. Irrigation as well as fertilization had an effect on the occur- rence of soil fatigue phenomenon. Increased irrigation intensity and low fertilization doses increased the results of replantation disease. The least effects of soil fatigue were found in case of no additional irrigation and an increased dose of tree fertilization. Experimental conditions did not exert any effect on fruit quality.


Abstract Introduction Standard Operating Procedures were revised in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. There are descriptions from across Europe of increased rates of major extremity amputation. We have explored practice in a regional vascular unit serving two Health Boards in Scotland with specific reference to infra-inguinal revascularisation for patients with symptomatic peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Methods A retrospective review of the administrative theatre database was performed. Pre-Covid (1st April–July 31st 2019) and peri-Covid (1st April-31st July 2020) periods were examined and index cases identified. Practice and outcomes were examined. Results There was a 50% reduction in scheduled theatre sessions during the peri-Covid period. There were 100 procedures performed pre-Covid and 71 procedures performed during the peri-Covid period. The patient demographics were comparable – mean age 68-years with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Intervention for chronic limb threatening ischaemia was much more common in the peri-Covid period than in the pre-Covid period (94% versus 64% respectively). There was a clear change in anaesthetic practice with regional anaesthesia more commonly performed in the peri-Covid period (49% versus 12% respectively). There was no difference in the types of revascularisation performed. The 30-day mortality in the peri-Covid period was less than in the pre-Covid period (3% vs 1.4%). Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic created imperatives that necessitated re-structure of service. Despite a reduction in theatre access we have managed to maintain a limb salvage service for patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia.


Generative distributed open coordination systems have been so far implemented in a variety of ways. Surprisingly, no published implementation appears to address one particularly important issue for any general purpose open system | garbage collection. This paper describes an open Linda-like implementation called Ligia using Java, based on communication via sockets and which includes garbage collection of tuple spaces and agents. It is also demonstrated how the garbage collection described by us in 8] is implemented and that it adds little overhead to the overall performance of the system.


Abstract There is a large literature on both why local governments and public organisations choose internal or external production of services and what explains the performance of internal and external production. A range of different theories have been used to answer these questions. However, these studies show mixed results. In this study we investigate four theories: transaction cost economics, neoclassical economics, the resource-based view of strategy and institutional theory. Can these theories explain whether local governments choose internal or external production and can they explain the satisfaction with the internal and external production? Do the same variables explain the choice and the satisfaction? Based on a survey of four different service areas in Danish municipalities, it is shown that different theoretical variables explain the choice and satisfaction with the sourcing mode. Internal expertise is strongly related to the choice of internal or external production, whereas most transaction cost variables are unrelated to this choice. However, other variables such as supplier expertise and technological uncertainty are related to satisfaction with service production. The results corroborate the view that different variables are needed for explaining the performance of suppliers and the choice between internal and external suppliers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the study of local governments' sourcing may benefit from integrating theories focusing on internal expertise and markets. Studies may also benefit from integrating economic theories, which assume rationality, with institutional theory emphasising more unreflective and socially determined behaviour.


Aim. To describe Norwegian care personnel's self-reported behavior and attitudes towards ring wearing during clinical care. Background. Despite international recommendations about no ring wearing during clinical care, fingerrings are worn by health care personnel worldwide. Healthcare workers' behavior and attitudes regarding ring wearing is previously not well defined. Methods. Self administered survey. The questionnaire was distributed to 1170 randomly selected Norwegian nurses and nurses' assistants May 2006. Multiple regression analysis was performed. Findings. The response rate was 80.3%. Positive attitudes toward using rings during clinical care were found; 21.2% were positive to wearing of plain wedding rings, 5.0 % toward non-plain wedding rings, and 2.2 % toward other rings. Of the participants regularly wearing wedding ring private, 28.6% reported that they never or seldom removed their wedding ring at work. Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant impact of age, hospital, and unit on attitudes toward the wearing of wedding rings. Gender, unit, and size of position held had significant impact on use of wedding rings during clinical care. Significant correlation between attitude and behavior was found. Conclusions. Behavior and attitudes among Norwegian care personnel is contradictory to recommendations given regarding ring wearing at work.


In 134 rabbits specimens of the aorta were sampled in situ at several time-intervals after the one-shot treatment of animals with several doses of adrenaline, of noradrenaline, of cholesterol or of soybean oil and were observed under the light and electron microscope comparing with the specimens of untreated animals or of animals treated by physiological saline.Small doses of adrenaline (0.1 and 1.0μg. per Kg. i.v.) or cholesterol (1.0 and 3.0Gm. per Kg. p.o.) induced an edematous reaction of the aortic wall, while large doses of adrenaline (10.0 and 100.0μg per Kg. i.v.), noradrenaline (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0μg per Kg. i.v.) and soybean oil (5Gm. per Kg. p.o.) did not. The edematous reaction consisted of an enlargement of amorphous extracellular spaces in the subendothelial and medial layers accompanied by a fractionation of elastic fibres along their collagen filaments and a dissociation of collagen fibrils. A sticking of platelets and leucoytes as well as of flake and strand-like substances to the endothelial surface was often encountered.In the case of adrenaline the edematous changes started 5 minutes after the challenge, increased for 30 to 60 minutes and recovered within 2 hours. In the case of cholesterol they started 30 minutes after the challenge, became marked at 1 to 2 hours and disappeared 4 to 6 hours thereafter. The reaction seemed to start from the outer portion of the media and to progress into the inner portion of the media and into the sub-endothelial layer. The recovery took place first in the outer portion of the media, and it was delayed in the inner portion of the medial and subendothelial layer. There was no evidence indicating the increased uptake of plasma) fluid directly from the vessel lumen.The edematous changes produced by adrenaline as well as by cholesterol were minimal or absent in animals pretreated with 5mg. per Kg. of nialamide.


Polyrotaxanes consisting of cyclodextrins (CDs) as wheels and linear polymers such as poly (ethylene glycol) have been widely investigated by a number of research groups since their first discovery by Harada et al. Many attractive concepts and materials based on the unique structure of the polyrotaxanes formed by the end-capping of the pseudopolyrotaxane have been hitherto reported. This review summarizes the recent progress in synthesis of polyrotaxanes containing CD wheels, with emphasis on the synthesis by end-capping methods of pseudopolyrotaxane, along with a related few applications. Supramolecular-crosslinking between a CD host and a guest polymer is also briefly discussed.


This study explores how cluster analysis can be used to categorize a large number of planning districts in a region into a smaller, manageable number of land use scenarios consisting of planning districts of similar land use patterns whose mean land use distribution can be used as future land use alternatives for those planning districts. Utah's Wasatch Front region was used for the analysis. After applying a family of cluster analysis methods, it was possible to group the 343 planning districts in the region into 35 land use planning scenarios. A combination of the Ward's linkage method, the Squared Euclidean distance measure, and the Z-score standardization of variables produced the most logical clustering of planning districts for the region.


We propose a block convolution algorithm that requires shorter length FFT than the conventional overlap save algorithm (OSA). It is shown that the OSA can be split into two separate processes related to the previous and current data blocks. Hence, only current data block needs to be transformed in the proposed OSA, whereas the concatenated block of previous and current data is transformed in the conventional method. As a result, the number of arithmetic operations for the block convolution is reduced. Also, the reduced transform size gives additional advantage in data manipulation when implemented on DSP and PC.


This paper use the SLOPE/W and SEEP/W module of GEO-SLOPE program to analyze the impact of continuous rainfall on landslide stability.The variation of safety factor due to different rainfall and duration can be obtained from the pro-static methods.The treatment of landslide was proposed according to the reason of the landslide.


The present invention includes a solar cell (1) and a method for producing the same. The solar cell (1) has both of the emitter contact (43) and the base contact (45) on the back (3). The two contacts (43, 45) are electrically insulated from each other by the side (5). Metal coating side (5) is removed. The emitter region of the solar cell rear (3) (4) is connected to the solar cell front surface of the transmitter (9). The emitter region (4) of the solar cell rear (3) and the channel (7) is formed by a laser. Metal coating of the side wall is removed by selective etching. The metallic coating, etching the barrier layer (11) is only removed in the side areas is insufficient (5).


This paper discusses the audio frequency noise induced in telephone lines by nearby electric power circuits, particularly when the power and telephone companies employ joint buried construction methods. The electrical protection considerations of this type of construction are not included in this paper. Comparisons are made with the usual aerial type of joint construction. The factors controlling the amount of interference produced by inductive influence are described and evaluated. Recommendations are suggested for limiting this interference to acceptable levels for satisfactory telephone service.


Diffuse optical tomography problems rely on the solution of an optimization problem for which the dimension of the parameter space is usually large. Thus, gradient-type optimizers are likely to be used, such as the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm, along with the adjoint-state method to compute the cost function gradient. Usually, the -inner product is chosen within the extraction procedure (i.e., in the definition of the relationship between the cost function gradient and the directional derivative of the cost function) while alternative inner products that act as regularization can be used. This paper presents some results based on space-dependent Sobolev inner products and shows that this method acts as an efficient low-pass filter on the cost function gradient. Numerical results indicate that the use of Sobolev gradients can be particularly attractive in the context of inverse problems, particularly because of the simplicity of this regularization, since a single additional diffusion equation is to be solved, and also because the quality of the solution is smoothly varying with respect to the regularization parameter.


In the 1990s, autobiographies of childhood were one of the most important publishing trends. These autobiographies challenge the Romantic notion of childhood, thus contributing to the contemporary societal debate about children and childhood in crisis. Taking into consideration that ideas about children and childhood are at the heart of children's literature, it is remarkable that autobiographies of childhood for young readers go unnoticed in the discussion.


The political and military separation does not imply the interruption of the relations between non-governmental culture and education.In the process of interactions among various rural educational sects in the 1930s,the Social Education League of China played an important role in impelling rural education to break the regional limits.It enables the educational system of the whole country to be cooperated but not diverged,synthesized but not onefold,which provides thought foundation for the integrity of social structure and national institution.


The Middle Eastern region is located at the junction of major tectonic plates, namely the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates with relatively high tectonic and seismic activity. Some of the most fatal earthquakes in human history such as Aleppo-Syria, Rudbar-Manjil-Iran and Beirut-Lebanon earthquakes have occurred in this region (Table 1). Earthquake activity in this region is concentrated along active faults or plate boundaries. This study attempts to develop a GIS-based database representing active faults zones for the Middle East area by performing an elaborated investigation on researches and published material on active faults. For that purpose, a digital database has been conducted which provides facility to update and compile information from latest researches. It facilitates efficient organization of faults characteristics such as strike angle, dip angle, fault mechanism, horizontal and vertical slip rates and also covers all publically available researches on seismotectonic and active faults for the Middle East. This integrated database also contains information on historical earthquakes, field observations and photographic images, geo-referenced images and published articles for all known faults within the region under consideration. SRTM digital topographic map layers with 3 second resolution in conjunction with other published seismotectonic data have been used to adjust geographical locations of some of the known faults in this region.


Advances in the field of protein chemistry have enhanced our understanding of the possible intermediates which may occur during protein folding and unfolding. An enormous amount of information has been generated on folding pathways of globular proteins leading to the discovery of the molten globule state as a specific folding intermediate. Other partially folded conformations including pre-molten globule have been found that are intermediate between the random coils and compact globular conformations. Furthermore, many proteins appear as natively unfolded, intrinsically unstructured, or intrinsically disordered under physiological conditions. Purified caseins are not truly random coils, but appear to share many of the properties of these newly described intermediate states. Since casein structure is still being debated, clarifying how the caseins fit with these newly described protein states how the caseins fit with these newly described protein states would be beneficial. In this review quantitative measures based upon known physical and chemical properties of the caseins are used for their classification. By taking advantage of this "new view" of protein folding, and applying these concepts to casein fractions it may be possible to generate new potential food products from casein or casein fractions. Such products could also have neutraceutical or nanotechnological applications.


Integrated global models are computer simulations that have been developed over the past two decades to provide a unique tool for understanding global-scale problems and their solutions. This article describes a major global modeling effort conducted in the Soviet Union that until recently has been virtually unknown in the West. The sections of this article cover the orientation and thrusts of the SIM/GDP project and brief descriptions of key submodels.


We use the theory of complex networks in order to quantitatively characterize the structure of reciprocal expositions of Italian banks in the interbank money market market. We observe two main different strategies of banks: small banks tend to be the lender of the system, while large banks are borrowers. We propose a model to reproduce the main statistical features of this market. Moreover the network analysis allows us to investigate properties of robustness of this system.


In this paper we propose a novel bandwidth scheduling algorithm for real time polling services (rtPS), the SS estimate the arrival of rtPS packets prior to the arrival and requests the BS for bandwidth in advance, based on the SS's request and the indeed bandwidth request by past, and then schedule the packets. The analytical model and simulation show that, this adaptive algorithm provided better results with respect to the number of packets waiting at SS and average delay as compared to the widely accepted weighted scheduling algorithm.


Interactive tabletops or projections became widely utilized in schools, museum exhibitions or conference rooms to teach and illustrate dynamic artifacts or support talks. In such scenarios, all observers, such as pupils and teachers, will perceive the same information even if they hold different positions and could benefit from an adapted and personalized view. We developed the UbiBeam++ mixed reality software toolkit to enable augmentation of an interactive projection surface using optical see-through glasses. Our toolkit supports simultaneous presentation of private, shared, and public content. Private and shared content is registered in space and presented through a head-mounted display, while public content is presented by a projector. Our toolkit simplifies the development of interactive projections with different visualization levels. In a preliminary study, participants understood the concept of personalized information space and appreciated the presentation of additional information. Looking forward, our toolkit supports the development and the exploration of various scenarios not only limited to teaching, presentations or games.


type of IBD, disease location, cumulative lifetime steroid dose, disease duration, history of surgical resections, and family history of osteoporosis. Two of 45 (4%) patients had asymptomatic compression fractures seen on radiographs. Conclusions: A significant proportion of a cohort of IBD patients living in the southeastern United States have low BMD. African-American race, advanced age, low BMI, and severe disease are identified as risk factors for low BMD in this group of patients.


Ion manipulation system includes an ion repulsion by RF field penetrating through the mesh. Another ion manipulation system includes trapping ions within symmetric RF field around the mesh. System, macroscopic components, i.e. readily available fine mesh, or the use of a small apparatus created by MEMS or flexible PCB process. One application is the movement of ions from the gas ion source by focusing on the intermediate and high gas pressures. Another application is the formation of pulsed ion packets for TOF MS in the trap array. Such capture, the pulse switching of the RF field, preferably it is preferred with the gas pulse formed by the pulse vapor desorption. Ions derived for the time and the mass separation of exposure to between fragmentation or ion particles reaction, ion flow operation, acquisition, creation of the pulse ion packets, ion confinement is disclosed. Ion chromatography, using an ion passage in the gas flow through a set of multi-trap with mass-dependent well depth. .FIELD 5A


PURPOSE: To provide the communication system by which consumer, commercial, amusement, education and advertisement information customized in an optional number of locations from a center point at a low cost surely. CONSTITUTION: The device is provided with remote positions 32, 33 that customize video and audio presentation. A studio processor generates a content data signal, a schedule processor generates a schedule data signal, a network processor generates a communication signal, and a transmitter sends the signals. In the remote positions, the communication processor selects the 1st content data signal from the content data signal, the video processor mixes the signal with a video signal, a cue processor generates an insertion signal and controls a matrix switch in response to it, a multimedia signal including the video signal having other information from the content data signal is directed to the network communication channel.


This study developed two to six multivariate regression equations that reliably predict global radiation in Jos (Latitude 9.87 °𝑁 and Longitude 8.75 °𝐸). Thirty-one years (1980 – 2010) observed monthly mean daily global solar radiation, sunshine hours, maximum and minimum temperatures, cloud cover, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed data were used in this study with the clearness index as the response variable and other variables as predictors. The seven validation indices employed are the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t – test, Nash – Sutcliffe Equation (NSE) and Index of Agreement (IA) to determine the reliability, suitability and applicability of the developed models. The results in this study revealed that all the developed multivariate models were found reliable for global solar radiation estimation in Jos depending on the obtainable meteorological data measured in the location. The correlation between the measured and predicted (developed) global solar radiation shows a perfect correlation as depicted from the figures.


The utility model relates to an environmental protection processing system of aluminium oxide red mud tailings and feldspar tailing mixture. The pressure filter import is connected to aluminium oxide red mud jar, the import of pressure filter solid exit linkage aluminium oxide red mud tailings jar, export of aluminium oxide red mud tailings jar and the export of feldspar tailings jar are through the first store yard of pipe connection, the second store yard is connected in first store yard through overturning, the ligation jar import of second store yard, watery hydrochloric acid jar and the import of cosolvent jar ligation tank deck portion, the side -entrance of water storage tank ligation jar, retort bottom exit linkage quartz sand storage facilities, retort one side exit linkage aftertreatment jar, the aftertreatment jar is connected to the pressure filter liquid outlet. The utility model discloses an integrated treatment to aluminium oxide red mud tailings and feldspar tailing obtains high -quality quartz sand after the processing, the acid waste liquid and the alkaline waste liquid of production take place neutralization reaction, and gained liquid can utilize, does not produce secondary pollution, and nontoxic environmental protection is favorable to large -scale production.


Today's multipolar world, one can observe how different countries with different degree of agency on the international arena, seek to be actively involved in the development of recommendations for settling the existing crises, and pursue their foreign policy based on the own resources and national interests. This naturally results in complication of the system of international relations and makes it extremely difficult for its leading actors to make adequate decisions. The fact that the modern "world powers" have fundamentally different socioeconomic and political structure, aggravates the situation even more. Different values, principles of economic management, attitudes towards the role of the key social institutions and elements of the political system impede constructive communication between the states. Despite the efforts of many politicians, Europe is yet to reach cultural and political unity. The EU member-states have strong differences with regards to domestic and foreign policy; and some states continue to seek solutions to the existing crises, guided by their own principles of effective management. This defines the relevance of outlining the prospects for the convergence of national systems of political decision-making, since the discrepancy in this sphere increases distrust among the countries, parties and government leaders, as well as creates the background for various abusive activities.


A kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) algorithm with a vacancy source and sink has been developed to determine the equilibrium vacancy concentration (CVe) in Si1−xPx alloys. KMC results for CVe exhibit good agreement with the Lomer formula with added entropic terms to account for high P concentrations. They also highlight the role of CVe and clustering on self and impurity diffusion during thermal aging.


Abstract The "sudestadas" are short-term hydro-meteorological phenomena that produce a "hydraulic plug", preventing the normal drainage of the water courses in the Río de la Plata Estuary. The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of the sudestadas on the water quality of the Lower River Luján, which discharges into the Río de la Plata Estuary (59°37′W; 34°43′S). Samplings were conducted from November 1998 to July 2001 at six sites on the lower stretch of river. Physical and chemical variables were measured and a nonparametric test was applied to each variable, grouping samples affected and non-affected by sudestadas, which further diminish the water quality of the river. The frequency and intensity of sudestadas are predicted to increase as a consequence of the Earth's warming; thus, this research suggests that the environmental risk produced by the effects of global change, will be greater.


Numerical Simulation of Thermoacoustic Response of Laboratory-Scale Premixed Multi-Slit Burner Flames Adam O'Brien Masters of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Toronto 2015 Thermoacoustic instabilities are an entirely unwanted, yet nearly inevitable phenomenon occurring in many practical premixed combustors. If not properly accounted and designed for, they can incur significant increases in the development combustion systems. The fact that such unexpected issues are encountered is indicative of a fundamental lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms that drive thermoacoustic phenomena. Numerical techniques are used to characterize the thermoacoustic response of premixed multislit bunsen burner flames. A symmetrical representation of the multi-slit burner is used, and the transfer function is computed at several different frequencies and at three different equivalence ratios. The numerical results are then compared against experimental results in order to determine the suitability of numerical techniques for studying thermoacoustics. A fully compressible Navier-Stokes combustion solver is used in conjunction with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) for improved resolution at the flame interface.


The ab initio pseudopotential method is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), in which the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) according to the scheme described by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and the Local Density Approximation (LDA) according to the scheme described by Ceperly-Alder (CA) are used. The method is implemented using the Siesta program to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the wurtzite (B4) phase of magnesium oxide (MgO) compound. Indeed, it is a useful method to predict the crystal structure of MgO. Actually, the calculated structural parameters of this compound are consistent with the available experimental data, so these results can be considered as a good prediction. Both the lattice constants and band gap at zero pressure are found to be in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. Besides, the binding energy is verified and compared with previous work. Electronic properties, especially the Total Density of States (TDOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS), also show that the contribution of the oxygen atom to DOS in the region close to the Fermi level is significant. Comparison of the calculated lattice parameters and all electronic properties with the available experimental values reveals the compatibility between them. These results are in broad agreement with experimental results.


b = wingspan, m c = wing chord, m Re = Reynolds number, Vref; maxc∕v rr = wing root radius or root cutout rt = wing tip radius, m r75 = radius to reference plane, axis-relative method, m r75 = radius to reference plane, root-relative method, m s = distance travelled at wing reference plane, m s∕c = stroke-to-chord ratio S = wing area, m Vref; max = maximum local velocity at reference plane, m · s −1 Vroot = local velocity at wing root, m · s −1 V tip = local velocity at wing tip, m · s −1


When scanning weakly attenuating samples using an X-ray tube with a very small focal spot size, the acquired projections not only contain absorption contrast, but also phase contrast due to refraction of the X-rays. Although the resulting edge enhancement can be beneficial in radiography, the tomographic reconstruction of such mixed projections using a conventional algorithm yields cross-sections that are severely distorted by so-called phase contrast artefacts.


Abstract: The materials that have been employed for the construction of microfluidic devices have been diverse, ranging from traditional materials, such as silicon and glass, to newer polymeric materials. Similarly, the methods for microfabrication have included lithography, casting, injection molding and hot embossing, to name a few. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the various materials and methods that have been used in a diverse range of microfluidic applications. Details on the physical and chemical properties of the materials, as well as the performance characteristics of the microfabrication methods, are provided.


To provide a spiral membrane element capable of increasing effective membrane area without lowering of separation performance while maintaining sealing property of sealing parts of a cylindrical wound body, and a method for manufacturing the spiral membrane element. In a spiral membrane element comprising a cylindrical wound body(300) in which a separation membrane, a feed-side passage material and a permeation-side passage material are spirally wound around the circumference of a perforated central tube(105) in the state that they are laminated, and sealing parts(302,303) for preventing mixing of feed-side fluid and permeation-side fluid, the spiral membrane element is characterized in that the sealing parts formed on both end portions of the cylindrical wound body is approximately spirally formed to a certain width by adhesive and has a trimmed portion(301) formed all over the surface of the end portions, and a ratio of length of the cylindrical wound body to length of the central tube is 0.96 to 1.00, and a ratio of ineffective membrane area to the total membrane area is 0.02 to 0.10 in the cylindrical wound body.


STUDIES OF MASS ELECTIONS, not surprisingly, have been concerned primarily with the behavior of voters their opinions, participation, and electoral decisions. The reason seems obvious. If political analysts want to understand the factors that influence the political behavior of the mass electorate or to test theories about the rationality (or irrationality) of voters, then a focus on individual


One regrettable consequence of the split between "analytic" and "continental" philosophy in this country has been a postponement of the encounter between two of the most highly developed and differentiated political theories of our time. For more than two decades now, John Rawls and Jurgen Habermas have been traveling different paths from their common starting point in Kant's practical philosophy. Despite the differences, they have remained close enough to make their disagreements instructive. This has not gone entirely unnoticed, either in Germany, where a discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches is now underway, or here.' There are interesting English-language discussions by theorists who work both sides of the street, including an excellent book on the subject by Kenneth Baynes.2 But the appearance in the fall of 1992 of Habermas's Faktizitdt und Geltung-which compares with A Theory ofJustice in architectonic complexity-and in the spring of 1993 of Rawls's Political


The performance characteristics of a Tencor Surfscan 4000 wafer surface scanner have been evaluated using ideal polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres and irregularly shaped real-world particles of Si and SiO 2 . The particles were uniform in size and were deposited on bare silicon wafers and used as standard calibration wafers to study the scanner response. Particles in the 0.1 to 1.0 μm diam range were used. The sizing accuracy, counting efficiency, lower detection limit, and count repeatability of the scanner were studied systematically. The full Maxwell's electromagnetic equations also have been solved numerically on a supercomputer to obtain the light-scattering cross section of the particles on bare silicon wafers


This paper focuses on analysing the process of jam formation during the discharge by gravity of granular material stored in a 2D silo. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, optimal experimental designs are computed, in which four approaches are considered: D −optimality, a combination of D−optimality and a cost /gain function, Bayesian D −optimality and sequential designing. These results reveal that the e fficiency of the design used by the experimenters can be improved dramatically. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the most important parameter is also performed. Secondly, estimation of the unknown parameters is done using least squares, i.e. assuming normality, and also via maximum likelihood assuming the exponential distribution. Simulations for the designs considered in this paper show that the variance, the mean square error and the bias of the estimators using maximum likelihood are in most cases lower than those using least squares.


by mixing antimicrobial drugs into their feed. However, such treatments seemed to have limited effect. The two isolates 80 and 81 were different from the other isolates, both in terms oftheir biochemical characteristics and the results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Table 2), and at present their taxonomic status is unclear. Isolate 81 clustered close to S bovis type culture and was considered to be a S bovis, although it differed from the S bovis type culture in a number of characteristics, most importantly in the hippurate, urease and mannitol tests (Table 2). In contrast, isolate 80 was very different from this group, and differed in important characteritics like the arginine, urease, sorbitol and mannitol tests (Table 2). Strain 159 was also different from the core S bovis isolates but was still identified as S bovis biotype II. Isolates 80 and 81 were both urease-positive, a trait that is uncommon among streptococci, and indicates a relationship with S salivarius. However, the remaining biochemical tests did not indicate any relationship with S salivarius (Ruoff 2002). The results indicate that S bovis and possibly also other Streptococcus species are involved in the development of verrucous endocarditis in mink, a syndrome that has not previously been described, and whose prevalence and pathogenesis is unknown. The results of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the S bovis isolates had related profiles, but seven different patterns could be distinguished (Table 1, Fig 4). The patterns of the type cultures, including the type cultures of S bovis and S gallolyticus and the two isolates 80 and 81 (Fig 3), were clearly different from the clinical isolates and displayed considerable diversity. Further investigations have demonstrated the presence of S bovis strains with the same biochemical properties and the same or similar electrophoretic patterns in the gut of healthy mink, dogs, cats and other animal species. It therefore seems likely that the infections in the mink were not caused by particular virulent clones but by naturally occurring S bovis strains, possibly in the gut, and were triggered by unknown mechanisms. Further investigations are in progress to compare and validate the taxonomic status of isolates of S bovis and related organisms from various animal species.


Albert Mosse(1846-1925),a German scholar,in 1886,was invited to Japan on a three-year contract as a foreign advisor to the Japanese government during the years of 1886-1890.Mosse played an important role in Japan's modern constitute,especially establishing the draft laws and systems for local self-government,which made an epoch-breaking influence on modern Japan.By interpreting the notes and comments on local self-government in different periods,we find out that it is very important to rule by law and emphasize the function of local self-government to reconcile the state and the society.And it is the core of the theory.


Descending supraspinal and propriospinal neurons projecting to the female rat sacrocaudal spinal cord, the portion of the spinal cord that innervates the tail, were identified following injection of Fluoro‐Gold into the S1‐Ca2, spinal cord segments. This study attempted to determine anatomical substrates for propriospinal and supraspinal control of the tail.


This paper discusses the importance of the 'good-enough' development of the core self in the couple relationship. It argues that difficulties in the development of the self lie behind a significant number of troubled couple relationships. Part 1 focuses on individual psychotherapy and how changes to the core self are often attended by shifts in the marital relationship. It traces how this occurs through clinical material and analyses what kinds of changes to the self are needed for the couple relationship to function well. Psychodynamic theory is used to understand the core changes over time and how these are related to significant second-order change in the couple relationship. The construct of the 'transitional space' is used to theorize the couple relationship. Implications for the practice of individual psychotherapy are discussed. In Part 2, the significance of change in the experience of the self of one or both partners for a successful outcome of couples therapy is discussed, along with the place of work with individual partner(s) in the course of conjoint couples therapy.


The use of Line Surge Arresters is a well-known application. This cost-effective way has clearly shown the performance improvement for the electricity supply industry. However, there is often resistance to make it a common use. The reduction of outages due to lightning activity and poor grounding makes their application vital. Meanwhile, some users apply this technology also for security of population, switching surge control, line uprating and compaction or live-line working. Even though the use of Externally Gapped Line Arresters can achieve outstanding results by minimizing the investment, this smart protection device shows a mild growth excepting in some specific countries. The EGLA application does not only improve significantly the performance and the operation of the power systems but also improve the design and lower the costs of the construction and the maintenance. The financial benefits are easily demonstrated. Today, proactive maintenance and trend monitoring is a key point for the transmission lines operators. While existing solutions to assess the conditions of the surge arresters are not suitable and relevant, the new generations of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming extremely cost-efficient and accurate to inspect transmission line components. This paper intends to present Siemens latest innovations for compact and cost-efficient lightning-proof transmission lines.


For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).From Torgovo-Promyshlennaya gazeta [Trade and Industry Gazette], Issue No. 181, 1905 Acknowledgments. The editorial staff sincerely thanks the Library of the MIIT University for the assistance in preparing the publication of the article. Zheleznodorozhnoe delo [Rail business], 1906, Iss. 46, P. 497.


Abstract : Computer security is a vitally important consideration in modern systems. Typically the military and banking areas have had detailed security systems. This paper will concentrate on an interesting area of software security based on public key cryptographic technology. The Public Key system makes it possible for two parties to communicate securely without either having to know or trust the other party. This is possible because a third party that both the other parties trust identifies them and certifies that their keys are genuine. This third party is called the Certification Authority, or CA. CA guarantees that they are who they claim to be. The CA does this by registering each user's identification information and issuing them with a set of Private keys and a set of Public Key Certificates. A worldwide Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) that supports international government and state policies/regulations will not be available in the near future. In the meantime organizations and corporations can utilize this security technology to satisfy current business needs. Many organizations are choosing to manage their own Certificate Authority (CA) instead of outsourcing this function to a third party (i.e. Verisign, Thawte, GTE CyberTrust GlobalSign). Our paper tries to analyse the main design issues for a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), needed to secure the most important network applications: Web access authentication and server-client communication confidentiality, VPN over Internet implementation secure (signed) document and e-mail interchange.


Put yourself for a moment in the shoes of a political journalist the day the President announces a new Supreme Court nominee. In all likelihood, you have never heard of the nominee before today. Or if you have, the nominee is just a name to you; you have no familiarity with the career behind the name. Within minutes, maybe even seconds, of the President's announcement of his choice, however, people who are familiar with the career in question are flooding your email inbox with documents—some of them substantial in length—that grandly pronounce themselves "reports" on the nominee. These reports present utterly divergent views of a long career composed of judicial opinions, client representations, speeches, and articles on subjects of enormous technical and legal complexity. One set of reports promises that confirmation of the President's choice will push the country once and for all into the abyss; the other set promises just as confidently that the nominee is the second coming of John Marshall. Except the calls you can make in a few hours and the information the White House releases, these reports represent your only significant sources of information. And you are on a deadline. A version of this reporting crisis shows up, as well, in an increasing number of lower-court confirmation battles, though it plays out in slower motion. Although in theory, the press has ample time to gather information about nominees between the President's announcement of his choice and the moment at which controversy erupts, newspapers and press organizations


Surface defects caused during cutting and polishing in the fabrication of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) nuclear detectors limit their spectral performance. Chemical treatments are often used to remove surface damages and defects. In this paper, we present the analysis of Te and TeO2 species on the surfaces of CdZnTe nuclear detectors treated with hydrogen bromide and ammonium-based solutions. The CdZnTe wafers were chemo-mechanically polished in a mixture of hydrogen bromide in hydrogen peroxide and ethylene glycol, followed by a chemical passivation in a mixture of ammonium fluoride and hydrogen peroxide solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed significant conversion of Te to TeO2, thus producing a more chemically stable surface. The resistivity of the CdZnTe samples is in the order of 1010 ohms-cm. The current for a given applied voltage increased following the passivation and decreased after a 3-hour period. Results from spectral response measurements showed that the 59.5-keV gamma-peak of Am-241 was stable under the same channel for the surface treatment processes.


Following the idea that adverse macroeconomic shocks to the economy worsen agency problems between borrowers and lenders, this paper presents empirical evidence that small and large firms react differently to monetary tightening. We use aggregate annual balance sheet data for two subsamples of large and small private Italian companies over the period 1968-1991. Based upon qualitative and quantitative descriptive evidence, we first construct stringency dummies that capture periods of monetary tightness. We then provide descriptive evidence that, following a restriction, small firms report a sharper decrease in short-term dept and a steeper fall in both sales and inventory. Finally, inventory and fixed investment equations are estimated in an ECM form. Consistently with our expectations, we find that both inventory and fixed investment decisions by small firms display greater sensitivity to proxies of credit worthiness, the more so during periods of monetary tightening.


This paper formulates a novel class of signals which are concentrated simultaneously in time and frequency. Two concentration measures studied are second-moment and fourth-moment bandwidth measures in frequency subject to 1 - γ proportion of the energy inside the time interval [-T/2, T/2] for some nominal small γ. We employ the general constrained variational method of Franks to determine the integral equations for the optimal signals. Simulation results show that the optimal functions with minimum fourth-moment weighting have more energy in the main lobe and quicker decaying tails than Gabor half sinusoids.


The pole/zero model and the finite impulse response (FIR) model are used as system models for the identification of unknown acoustical systems. The size of the model is particularly important in discrete‐time implementation as it determines the convergence rate of adaptation and capacity of real‐time processing. The order of the pole/zero model is related to modal distribution of systems while the order of the FIR model depends on its damping factor. Effective orders of both models are estimated from the statistical properties of acoustical systems. In a three‐dimensional enclosure, its volume and reverberation time are used for estimation. It is shown that, when modal density of the system is low, such as in a small enclosure, and frequency range is narrow, pole/zero modeling can greatly reduce the model order. [Work supported by NTT Human Interface Laboratories, Tokyo 180, Japan.]


This article reviews the literature on the daily rhythm in horses. Many physiological processes have been studied in horses to investigate their daily rhythmicity. In horses many rhythms are driven by an endogenous pacemaker, some of them endogenously generated, others influenced by external stimuli. It then addresses the influence of maturation and ageing, physical exercise and jet lag on these rhythms. The study of daily rhythms in horses is of considerable importance in all aspects of horse management to maintain the natural physiological behaviours of this species, necessary to guarantee the good welfare in breeding and athlete horses. Chronophysiology in horses also has clinical implications, it can influence disease occurrence, diagnostic tests and the effect of medical treatments.


ABSTRACT Facing increased pressure to improve participation and attainment, and significant constraints in available revenue and resources, regional Australian universities are seeking opportunities to enhance student retention in a way that is sustainable and addresses the unique circumstances of regional universities. Whilst advising models, nationally and internationally, are predominantly concentrated on an expensive and time-poor academic workforce, it is proposed that there exists an opportunity to create an advising workforce from existing institutional support services. This paper provides an analysis of competencies required for academic advisors and suggests that a model that builds on the comprehensive knowledge about course structures and institutional rules, policy, and processes already endemic to staff providing student support services, could create an effective student success advising service using existing professional services staff.


The transfer of excitation in a dimer is treated as a resonance, using Feshbach's nuclear reaction formalism. The radiation field-matter interaction is treated simultaneously with the intermonomeric potential. This gives a unified point of view and allows one to see what the interference effects are. The F\"orster vibrational-relaxation mechanism and the Frenkel exciton are studied for the dimers, and explicit expressions for the decay probability are obtained.