The small-n-large-P situation has become common in genetics research, medical studies, risk management, and other fields. Feature selection is crucial in these studies yet poses a serious challenge. The traditional criteria such as AIC, BIC, and cross-validation choose too many features. In this paper, we examine the variable selection problem under the generalized linear models. We study the approach where a prior takes specific account of the small-n-large-P situation. The criterion is shown to be variable selection consistent under generalized linear models. We also report simulation results and a data analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of EBIC for feature selection. In many scientific investigations, researchers explore the relationship between a response variable and some explanatory features through a random sample. Ex- amples of such features include disease genes and quantitative trait loci in the human genome, biomarkers responsible for disease pathways, and stocks gener- ating profits in investment portfolios. The selection of causal features is a crucial aspect in this. When the sample size n is relatively small but the number of features P under consideration is extremely large, there is a serious challenge to the selection of causal features. Feature selection in the sense of identifying causal features is different from, but often interwoven with, model selection; the latter involves two operational components: a procedure for selecting candidate models, and a criterion for assessing the candidate models. In this article, we concentrate on the issue of model selection criteria. Traditional model selection criteria such as Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (Akaike (1973)), cross-validation (CV) (Stone (1974)) and generalized cross-validation (GCV) (Craven and Wahba (1979)) essentially address the pre- diction accuracy of selected models. The popular Bayes information criterion (BIC) (Schwarz (1978)) was developed from the Bayesian paradigm in a differ- ent vein. BIC approximates the posterior model probability when the prior is


The pharmaceutical sector is often the subject of antitrust scrutiny. In recent years, competition authorities on both sides of the Atlantic have launched investigations into a number of industry practices. It is easy to see why the industry attracts suspicion: markups over marginal cost are very high for patented products, as are standard measures of market concentration, depending on market definition. However, the application of competition law to pharmaceuticals is often problematic. This is particularly true in the European Union where country-level pharmaceutical regulations and intellectual property (IP) law may interfere with the goal of a common market. This article argues that the application of competition law to two particular practices observed in the pharmaceutical industry may harm total welfare, and sometimes consumer welfare as well.


Reviewing Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulations and judicial opinion, we argue that it is appropriate to use content validity evidence in defense of an employment selection procedure only when current performance is of interest. Because assessment center simulations for first-level supervisors are commonly used to select individuals who will need training and additional experience before they perform adequately, evidence of the job relatedness of such simulations will have to be based on other validation strategies. We suggest some alternative validation strategies in keeping with EEOC guidelines.


Northcote Parkinson's now famous adage,"Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion," may be overly optimistic. Unfortunately, work tends to expand far beyond both the time and the money budgeted for its completion, particularly for complex projects. For example, estimates published last year in Communications of the ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) indicate that U.S. companies spent approximately $59 billion in 1995 on cost overruns and an additional $80 billion on canceled information technology (IT) projects alone.These estimates do not include overruns in government or public-sector projects. A similar Coopers & Lybrand study in the United Kingdom indicates that 85 percent of IT projects are over budget, miss their schedule, or fail to meet customer expectations. Although IT and software development projects may be the most visible areas in which work extends beyond its original parameters, process reengineering efforts, wide-ranging organizational change initiatives, and large-scale construction projects certainly are not exempt.Take, for example, a small town in North Carolina that is building a reservoir for its municipal water supply.The original estimate for the project five years ago was $5.4 million, with a two-year window for construction.Today, the estimated cost is $8 million. Construction has barely begun and is now projected to take three years. C.


Based on conventional decoupling structure and internal model control (IMC) theory,this paper proposed a new analytical PID/PI decoupling control method with unity feedback structure.By inserting compensated terms,the proposed decoupling scheme can be applied to the two-inputs-two-output(TITO) processes with multiple time delays and right half plant zeros.The proposed control scheme overcomes the deficiency of existing methods based on numerical calculation.By on-line tuning the controller parameters,the better nominal performance and robust stability of the closed-loop system can be realized.Meanwhile,sufficient and necessary conditions for holding the control system nominal performance and robust stability were analyzed in the presence of the process multiplicative uncertainty,and consequently,the tuning range of the controller parameters was obtained.Employing the novel decoupling control scheme to the experimental 4-Tank system,the simulation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.


In this paper, we present a wafer level approach to fabricate SAW pressure sensors on a single crystal AT-cut Quartz film transferred onto a bulk Silicon substrate. The final thickness of the quartz active layer was obtained using a combination of coarse mechanical thinning and fine polishing. Isolated Quartz membranes with a controlled thickness were then released by DRIE of the Silicon substrate. Details of the sensor fabrication process, modeling and electrical measurements are presented. In addition, theoretical considerations in good agreement with experimental results are disclosed.


In Reply. —We used empirical data on treatments and outcomes of elderly AMI patients to estimate the mortality consequences of the additional catheterization and revascularization procedures performed by the most intensive hospitals relative to other hospitals. In contrast, Drs Kuller and Detre postulate that invasive procedures prevent death in 1 year in a substantial portion (one fourth) of the 26.2% of patients who received them. Further, their claim that randomized trials can answer this question is inaccurate. Under ideal circumstances, a standard randomized controlled trial estimates the average effect of treatment over an entire study population. Because we suspect that invasive procedures are highly effective in certain kinds of elderly AMI patients and ineffective in others, we instead sought to estimate the average effect on mortality for "incremental" changes in use of these procedures within the population of elderly AMI patients. A more complete discussion of the differences between population


This paper was designed to uncover student teachers' reflection and to study how it can be enhanced through a school-based teaching programmes. Six student teachers taking the pre-service teacher training at the Faculty of Education, Monash University, were selected to be the subjects of the study while they were involved in a nine-week school-based teaching practicum. The methodology employed an interview-video-interview cycle which involved pre-lesson interviews, post-lesson interviews and while-viewing video interviews held after lessons, and all the interviews involved were conducted and transcribed by the researcher. A model, based on Schon's framing and reframing, was used to recognize student teachers' reflection. There were three major findings: (1) reflection was prompted by issues or concerns which changed over time during the school-based teaching period; (2) reflection was characterized by the nature of reframing which occurred over time throughout the nine-week school-based practicum; and (3) pre-service teachers' reflection was facilitated by the specific nature of a school-based teaching programme as more time, opportunities and support were made available to them. Implications of the study included: (1) the extended teaching practicum allows pre-service teachers to articulate better perspectives of 'seeing' their pedagogical practice; (2) school-based teaching programmes of this form need to be carefully considered in teacher education programmes; and (3) by learning from, and learning through pedagogical experiences, pre-service teachers may gain professional growth in pedagogy. To sum up, pre-service teachers are able to learn about, and learn through, reflection in a school-based context.


Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are usually corrupted by strong speckle noise, which blocks scene information Abstracting and the application of polarimetric SAR images. Based on statistical formulation of polarimetric SAR image, a new approach for speckle reduction was presented using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The experimental results show that excellent performance can be achieved: the image speckle noise is reduced effectively and the ENL is high, and the image quality is improved obviously.


In this paper we compare different definitions of the (largest) Lebesgue number of a cover $\mathcal{U}$ for a metric space $X$. We also introduce the relative version for the Lebesgue number of a covering family $\mathcal{U}$ for a subset $A\subseteq X$, and justify the relevance of introducing it by giving a corrected statement and proof of the Lemma 3.4 from S. Buyalo - N. Lebedeva paper"Dimensions of locally and asymptotically self-similar spaces", involving $\lambda$-quasi homothetic maps with coefficient $R$ between metric spaces, and the comparison of the mesh and the Lebesgue number of a covering family for a subset on both sides of the map.


The [Co(Chel)(PBu3)]ClO4.H2O(Chel = dsp, mdsp and ndsp, where dsp = N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylene diamine, mdsp = 4-methyl-N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylene diamine and ndsp = 4-nitro-N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylene diamine), were synthesised and characterised. The equilibrium constants and the thermodynamic parameters of these complexes as acceptors with PBu3, were measured spectrophotometrically for 1: 1 adduct formation in various mixed EtOH/H2O and constant ionic strength (I = 0.1M NaClO4) and at various temperatures T = 288–308 K. The trend of the reactivity of five coordinate Co(III) Schiff base complexes toward PBu3 donor according to the Schiff base ligand is mdsp > dsp > ndsp. The trend of the reactivity of a given Co(III) Schiff base complexes towards PBu3 donor according to the water/ethanol mole fractions is 0.12 > 0.36 > 0.52 > 0.64.


Objectives:  Fractured neck of femur is a common ED problem and poor pain management in this patient group can contribute significantly to their morbidity. The present study aims to describe current practices for managing pain in patients with fractured neck of femur in Australian ED and to identify real or potential barriers to providing analgesia.


Description We introduce a particularly useful family of hypothesis spaces called Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) that have a key role in the theory of learning. We first provide the necessary background in functional analysis and then define RKHS using the reproducing property. We then derive the general solution of Tikhonov regularization in RKHS.


In the late 1960's the different-type simplified Navier-Stokes models, or as are generally called, the diffusion parabolized N-S (DPNS) equations, and their computational methods developed from the Prandtl's boundary-layer theory have correctly included the viscous-inviscid flow interacting mechanism and opened a new approach for simulating large-scale complex flowfields. This paper reviews the related main results of this field, including advantages and drawbacks of different simplified Navier-Stokes models; mathematical characteristics and their marching regularization procedures of the DPNS equations; various representative numerical solutions and the applicability of the DPNS equations and finally the new generalized DPNS equations.


A center special slotted container is shown which is manufactured from sheet of corrugated paper material. The blank is formed such that top and bottom flaps provide parallel edges in knock-down manufactured condition when the manufacturer's glue joint is made up. Before the glue joint is firmly set, this knock-down carton is readily processed in a squaring device of a folder-gluer (a Flexo folder-gluer is an example) to prove a quality manufactured carton, and overcome out-of-square defects.


Aims:  To find possible approaches to utilize the mechanism of oxalate degradation by Coniothyrium minitans (Cm) in controlling the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss).


The morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference has evolved considerably in recent years. M&M was originally developed by surgeons and anesthesiologists to investigate negative "end results." M&Ms were intended to be an open discussion promote and enhance patient safety, and to be engaged in projects to improve systems of care, decrease health care disparities and improve patient outcomes. Incorporation of these varied objectives and principles has led to a variety of innovations in M&M conferences that have been reported widely in general and emergency medicine, oncology, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics. The result is an evolution of the traditional M&M into a comprehensive and dynamic Quality and Patient Outcomes (QPO) conference, which fosters QI, patient safety, and medical education. The combination of high-volume diverse procedures, inpatient and outpatient clinical practice, and integration of hepatology and luminal gastroenterology each


Thank you for downloading burmese design architecture. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this burmese design architecture, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their computer. burmese design architecture is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the burmese design architecture is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper proposes an enhanced Transformer-based intrusion detection model to tackle the challenges of lengthy training time, inaccurate detection of overlapping classes, and poor performance in multi-class classification of current intrusion detection models. Specifically, the proposed model includes the following: (i) A data processing strategy that initially reduces the data dimension using a stacked auto-encoder to speed up training. In addition, a novel under-sampling method based on the KNN principle is introduced, along with the Borderline-SMOTE over-sampling method, for hybrid data sampling that balances the dataset while addressing the issue of low detection accuracy in overlapping data classes. (ii) An improved position encoding method for the Transformer model that effectively learns the dependencies between features by embedding the position information of features, resulting in better classification accuracy. (iii) A two-stage learning strategy in which the model first performs rough binary prediction (determining whether it is an illegal intrusion) and then inputs the prediction value and original features together for further multi-class prediction (predicting the intrusion category), addressing the issue of low accuracy in multi-class classification. Experimental results on the official NSL-KDD test set demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 88.7% and an F1-score of 88.2% in binary classification and an accuracy of 84.1% and an F1-score of 83.8% in multi-class classification. Compared to existing intrusion detection models, our model exhibits higher accuracy and F1-score and trains faster than other models.


Amphibians detect quality signals when selecting reproduction sites. We hypothesize that Melanophryniscus rubriventris, an explosive breeding toad that reproduces in small, ephemeral water bodies, is able to select sites without predators. We performed a field experiment simulating oviposition sites, two with predators (tadpoles and bugs) and one control. Contrary to our expectations, we obtained no differences in the number of eggs deposited. We also performed an experiment to test the capability of M. rubriventris tadpoles to detect potential predators. Tadpoles could not detect predators, as other species did. Melanophryniscus rubriventris is selecting spawning sites following other signals, not predation risk. Identifying selection cues is crucial to protect species that depend on threatened habitats.


This article presents an educational approach to applied capstone research projects using a mission engineering focus. It reviews recent advances in mission engineering within the Department of Defense and integrates that work into an approach for research within the Systems Engineering Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. A generalized sequence of System Definition, System Modeling, and System Analysis is presented as an executable sequence of activities to support analysis of operational missions within a student research project at Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). That approach is detailed and demonstrated through analysis of the integration of a long-range strike capability on a MH-60S helicopter. The article serves as a demonstration of an approach for producing operationally applicable results from student projects in the context of mission engineering. Specifically, it demonstrates that students can execute a systems engineering project that conducts system-level design with direct consideration of mission impacts at the system of systems level. Discussion of the benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed and suggestions for integrating mission engineering into capstone courses are provided.


she and Karsh have been pursuing her photography and his DJing in the hottest Desi hip-hop clubs in New York and sharing beds in their NYU dorm rooms. Now Dimple's cousin, Sangita, has invited them to her wedding in Bombay, and both have trepidation about the trip; Dimple is grieving the death of her Dadaji and Karsh the suicide of his father, and they are wondering what India will mean to them without these native anchors. The journey moves them closer to themselves but farther from each other, as Karsh seeks solace through spirituality and Dimple goes fully carnal through multi-page, perspective-shattering sex with a stranger. This is a very different book than its predecessor, with Dimple at a very different stage of life and the language less accessible and more artful. Dimple ultimately comes to terms with being neither fully inside nor fully outside either of her cultural identities, but her stream-of-consciousness scene-kid narration is so hipster and private that only readers plugged into all of her various currents will be able to take that journey with her. Her exploration of the teeming wonders of Bombay and her reflections on desires and behavior are conveyed through a dizzying blend of inventive intercultural hip-hop terminology that is intricately crafted, but it often proves more baffling than engrossing, more art than story. Nonetheless, readers willing to suspend the need to make complete sense of her lush language and submit instead to its mellifluous sounds will share Dimple's experience of sensory overload and identity fusion and confusion, and that may be enough for those desperate to know what happened to Dimple after Born Confused. KC


In this research, a new method for the production of the blend consists of polyester resin as a matrix-binder at fixed weigh and different weighs of epoxy resin that can be used to coat wood is developed. Several experiments are performed under different conditions to identify the most favorable operating conditions for the preparation of blend (polyester/epoxy) resins. Optimum conditions, namely, mixing speed, mixing time, heating temperature and heating time are investigated and found experimentally as 500rpm, 5min, 750C and 6hr respectively. In addition, solid palms wastes (lignin) as reinforcement fibers is employed in order to improve the mechanical properties: impact strength, bending deflection and bending distortion of coated wood. The optimum ratio of prepared blend is characterized by the mechanical (impact and bending) tests of the untreated samples occurred at a ratio of polyester/epoxy resins of 0.91w/w. It showed the best bonding force and physical interaction between two resins. The impact strength of the treated samples with one and two layers of prepared lignin fibers are higher than that of the untreated sample, while the bending distortion and bending deflection of treated samples are lower than that of the untreated sample. Experimental results showed that the treated sample with biofibers (lignin) led to enhancement in the mechanical properties of coated wood.


Patients with chronic liver disease have been studied for evidence of osteomalacia ro osteoporosis. No evidence of osteomalacia was found in eleven patients with chronic hepatocellular jaundice of four months to four years duration, nor in ten other patients with chronic liver disease who were not jaundiced. In these subjects, and in an additional seventeen non-jaundiced patients with cirrhosis of the liver, there was evidence of osteoporosis as judged by measurements of the thickness of the metacarpal cortex.


The site preference of cobalt and deuterium in the charged and discharged state of a commercial-type metal hydride anode was investigated by high resolution neutron powder diffraction using an alloy with an altered isotope composition. In the alloy La( 58 Ni 0.376 62 Ni 0.624 ) 3.55 Co 0.75 Mn 0.33 Al 0 30 the isotope ratio of 58 Ni to 62 Ni leads to a zero neutron scattering length for nickel. Rietveld refinement revealed that Al and Mn occupy the midplane 3g sites of the CaCu 5 structure, while cobalt has a preference for 3g but also occupies the basal plane 2c sites. The space group of the deuteride remains P6/mmm which differs from the parent LaNi 5 D 7 which is P6 3 mc.


Complex projects are increasingly collaborative, involving ever greater numbers of multiple organizations, while also seeking to deliver high levels of innovation. To gain insight into how supply chain management might be developed to better support these developments, many have looked to high volume manufacturing to benchmark and seek best practice. Outcomes have often fallen short of expectation: in the construction sector, for instance, productivity and adversarial relationships are still a major cause of concern in many countries. While there have been some successes in transferring technologies and supply chain innovation from high volume manufacturing to engineering intensive sectors, such as construction, shipbuilding, machinery, and capital goods, the more general narrative is of the difficulties that have arisen. We see these difficulties arising from underlying differences between the supply chain types, and have developed a body of knowledge for "engineer-to-order" situations to better support such sectors. The procurement process is crucial to establishing conditions for success and is typically a major source of concern for the supply chain. Hence, we summarize the findings of a research project that focused on developing the principles required for procurement excellence and to structure the possible contractual choices in engineer-to-order supply chains.


Theoretical and experimental investigations on the reactive absorption of CO2 in aqueous solutions of PZ using a wetted wall column are presented. A rigorous two dimensional absorption model, accounting for kinetics, hydrodynamics and thermodynamics, has been developed for a wetted wall column. Major innovative features of the model, compared to previous work, are the account on the variation of the gas-side CO2 concentration over the reactor height as well as the computation of the gas-liquid equilibrium by a thermodynamically consistent approach.A laboratory-scale wetted wall column was conceived and constructed and the gas-side mass-transfer coefficient was estimated. CO2 absorption experiments were carried out on unloaded and loaded aqueous solutions of PZ over the range of 298-331 K, and for total PZ concentrations varying from 0.2 to 1 M. The reactor model permitted to predict the absorption fluxes in loaded as well as in unloaded solutions with an excellent accuracy, i.e. 3.2% AAD. In loaded solutions, the gas-side CO2 concentration gradient, as well as the dicarbamate formation reaction has to be taken into account.


The hierarchical rough structure is essential for superhydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, we prepared a hierarchical surface composed of micro-dot-matrix and SiO2 nano porous network. The micro-dot-matrix was fabricated on the glass substrate by photolithography and ion beam etching. The SiO2 nano porous network was generated by incompletely combustion of hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) and deposited on the surface of substrate via dip-coating. Owing to the incompletely combustion of HMDS, the methyl group was still existed and the resultant surface with hierarchical structure exhibits excellent superhydrophobic property with water contact angle of 157° and water sliding angle of 2° without further low-surface-energy modification. Our method is facile, convenient and scalable which provides a promising avenue for large-scale production.


We present a new method for segmenting, and a new user interface for indexing and visualizing, the semantic content of extended instructional videos. Using various visual filters, key frames are first assigned a media type (board, class, computer, illustration, podium, and sheet). Key frames of media type board and sheet are then clustered based on contents via an algorithm with near-linear cost. A novel user interface, the result of two user studies, displays related topics using icons linked topologically, allowing users to quickly locate semantically related portions of the video. We analyze the accuracy of the segmentation tool on 17 instructional videos, each of which is from 75 to 150 minutes in duration (a total of 40 hours); it exceeds 96%.


Introduced the modeling method of the electrical logging numerical simulation and proposed a new adaptive high order finite element method(hp-FEM) for solving the electric field problem of anisotropic formation.Electric field numerical model,under the same error accuracy,calculated comparing among h-FEM,p-FEM and hp-FEM from the perspective of the computing time and calculating degrees of freedom.Numerical results show that in the isotropic and anisotropic model,the performance of the adaptive hp-FEM in this text(exponential convergence) is significantly superior to h-FEM and p-FEM.Discussed the convergence of the algorithm.The proposed hp-FEM which can improve the existing forward modeling methods,improve the accuracy of analysis and work efficiency,and has significant application value for reducing the research period.


It is a fundamental problem is contact topology to determine which contact 3–manifolds admit symplectic fillings. There are many varieties of symplectic fillings. In addition to weak and strong fillings it is natural to consider contact manifolds that are exactly fillable and if the filling has a complex structure, then the natural class of symplectic fillings are those that are Stein. The relationship between these various notions is depicted in following sequence of inclusions:


In order to improve hypocotyl growth and seed establishment for restorating Zostera marina beds, the postures of seeds on the sea bottom with regard to germination and growth was examined. After Z. marina seeds were released to water column, all of them were found to fall down on the bottom from the macropodous embryo side. Moreover, during germination, the seed coats cracked at the sides of the cotyledonary sheath and macropodous embryo, regardless of their postures in the sand. The postures of Z. marina seeds were thus determined from release to germination after they were released. It is suggested that the upper part of hypocotyl grows efficiently to the sediment surface by having the proper posture of seed. Thus, it is necessary to consider suitable posture of the seeds for germination and hypocotyl growth for the restoration of Z. marina beds.


On the dumps of lie Cracow Soda Factory llere occur molluscM assemblqes comprisiftt 13 taxons. The assemblages display a succession connected with three phases in lhe development of vegetation. which occurred wilen the slopes of the dumps were getting overgrown. The succession phases correspond to the assemblage with ~ ._. lie assenmt.ge with Pqp6and lhe assemblage will ~-'""• respectively. A Wometrlcal -.lysis of populalons of 7 snail species has shown that lie populatlons do not differ from those oecunlnt In natural hllbltats. The diMrslty of the assemblages Is very high: xerophilous and hygrophilous species can be found together In one assemblage.


The macroeconomic criteria of Croatia's accession to the European Union (EU) and the European Monetary Union (EMU) and the ability of Croatia's economy to fulfill these conditions are the main economic policy challenges in the integration process. Essentially, the Republic of Croatia does not fall behind other Central European countries in the fulfillment of the anticipated EU and EMU membership criteria. The Republic of Croatia has scored certain advantages pertaining to the macroeconomic stability criteria (save the budgetary deficit), investment efficacy, and potential growth. It lags behind in certain structural reforms, especially in the securities market development, approximately for at least four years. The main economic policy problem will concern the budgetary deficit reduction and public debt stabilization, and the macroeconomic policy should be cautious in order to increase extern stability and maintain favorable growth conditions. In that respect, the paper discusses: (1) the macroeconomic criteria of the accession to the EU and EMU, (2) the ability of the Republic of Croatia's economy to fulfill these conditions, and (3) the main economic policy guidelines in the EU and EMU accession process.


Propagation behaviour, aperture field distribution, radiation pattern and gain of dielectric wall conical horn antenna have been studied theoretically and/or experimentally. The solution of Maxwell's equations is obtained for the hybrid (HE/EH) modes using separation of variables technique. The characteristic equation, which has been obtained by applying continuity of electric and magnetic fields at the dielectric-air boundaries, has been solved for the propagation constant for different hybrid modes. The dependence of the root of the characteristic equation related to radial propagation constant for different hybrid modes, on cone length, flare angle and dielectric constant of the horn dielectric, εr2 is also studied. The estimated aperture field distributions obtained for HE11 mode of the horns of different dimensions but each with the same value of the dielectric constant of the horn dielectric, εr2 = 2.56 in φ = 0° and φ = 90° planes are compared with corresponding experimental ones at 9.4 GHz in X-band. The radiation characteristics of these horns are also measured.


A metallurgical study of platinum plating on a gold pendant of the La Tolita culture of northern Ecuador was carried out, using high-magnification examination by scanning electron microscopy with analytical facilities. The plating layer was found to comprise a 25 µm thick foil of platinum grains sintered with a gold–silver alloy. The high silver content of this alloy suggests the deliberate selection of pale-coloured, silver-rich alluvial gold. The foil had been bonded on to the pre-formed gold sheet by hammering and heating. It is postulated that a strip of gold sheet was plated by this method and that several pendants were cut from it.


A single crystal of the intermetallic compound UPdSn has been studied by means of neutron diffraction using the white‐beam Laue diffractometer (single‐crystal diffractometer) at the Los Alamos spallation neutron source. Data were taken in the paramagnetic phase at 55 K and just below the Neel point at 37 K. The crystallographic data refine well within the space group P63mc and confirm the results obtained previously on powders, namely that the Pd and Sn atoms are ordered. At low temperature, UPdSn undergoes two phase transitions at 40 and 25 K to complicated noncollinear antiferromagnetic structures. All three pairs of magnetic domains are observed, in roughly equal populations, in the intermediate‐temperature orthorhombic magnetic structure (phase I). A uranium moment of 0.863μB and canting angles φ=56.51° and θ=21.42° were obtained, in reasonable agreement with previous powder neutron data for this temperature. The observed form factor yields an orbital‐to‐spin moment ratio −μL/μS=2.6 which is character...


ABSTRACT This paper studies the impact of social movements on the Indian state's developmental paradigm. Adopting from Varigonda's (2020) framework, the paper argues that the impact of social movements on state policy and its implementation is primarily determined by three key factors: the collective action repertoires of social movements; the politicization of the Indian state's developmental paradigm; and the openness of state input structures. This framework is tested through a comparative study of two movements that have emerged against two examples of the Indian state's developmental paradigm: a proposed nuclear plant at Kovvada and a proposed thermal plant at Sompeta, both in Andhra Pradesh. The Sompeta agitation was successful in impeding the thermal plant's inception while the movement in Kovvada eventually petered out. The paper demonstrates how the variation in the impact of the two movements can be attributed to the social movement in Sompeta benefitting from stronger collective action repertoires; greater politicization of the state's developmental paradigm; and more open state input structures, vis-à-vis the movement in Kovvada.


A brake control apparatus and a brake control method of a hybrid electric car are provided to prevent a vibration in the brake torque by hydraulic control by expanding a dead zone by a brake controlling unit when the vibration is generated in the recovery brake torque. A brake control apparatus of a hybrid electric car includes a brake switch(1), a brake controlling unit(2), and a recovery brake controlling unit(3). The brake switch senses a driver's brake pedal pushing degree. The brake controlling unit calculates a maximum recovery brake allowable amount and supplies the calculated maximum recovery brake allowable amount to the recovery brake controlling unit. The recovery brake controlling unit determines a recovery brake amount based on a motor generation limit and a battery charging limit to notify the determined recovery brake amount to the brake controlling unit to perform recovery brake control. The brake control apparatus further includes a vibration sensing unit(4) to sense a vibration in a wheel during the brake control and supplies the vibration to the brake controlling unit. The brake controlling unit prevents the vibration from being generated in the brake torque by hydraulic control by expanding a dead zone when the vibration of the recovery brake torque is sensed in the vibration sensing unit.


Background: Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare motility disorder in which paroxysms of tonic extraocular muscle contraction from abnormal ocular motor nerve firing result in episodic diplopia and strabismus. Medical therapy with membrane-stabilizing agents has varied success. A surgical approach to treatment has not yet been described. We report the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with ONM. Methods: We describe 3 patients with sixth nerve paresis and ONM of the affected lateral rectus muscle who underwent strabismus surgery. All patients had a history of radiation therapy for intracranial tumors. Ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed with appropriate medical and neuroradiologic evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative data are presented and analyzed. Results: Two patients were noted to have ONM after their first strabismus surgery for a sixth nerve palsy. Patients 1 and 2 had 3 surgeries, whereas Patient 3 had 1 operation. Extraocular muscles operated on included the medial rectus and lateral rectus. Preoperative primary gaze baseline esotropia ranged from 35 to 75 prism diopters (&Dgr;). All patients achieved improvement in ocular alignment and motility. Postoperative primary gaze deviations ranged from orthotropia to 20&Dgr; of esotropia. Abduction deficits were unchanged or improved. The follow-up period ranged from 15 months to 2 years. Conclusions: Patients with ONM of a paretic rectus muscle can achieve binocular fusion with strabismus surgery. ONM may manifest postoperatively in patients with a sixth nerve palsy and a contractured medial rectus who, preoperatively, were not noted to have ONM.


Leaflet containing general information on how your practice nurse, doctor or travel clinic can help you prepare for travel. Further contact details are provided.


OBJECTIVE:
To study RBC morphology (crenated edges with Heinz bodies) in Type 2 Diabetes as a marker of oxidative stress and efficacy of Antioxidants as add on therapy to standard treatment.
METHODOLOGY:
60 patients with Type2 Diabetes on metformin were randomized equally into study and control groups. 1ml of blood was collected, washed with saline, centrifuged and RBC suspension observed under high power microscope. Study group received Vitamin C (500mg) and Vitamin E (400 I.U) once daily with standard treatment for 8 weeks.
Patients were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks for RBC morphology, fasting glucose, Hemoglobin, RBC count and Blood pressure.
RESULTS:
After 8 weeks, study group in comparison to the control group showed near complete restoration to normal RBCs and significant improvement in fasting glucose, Hemoglobin, RBC count and BP.
CONCLUSION:
Free radical induced oxidative damage to RBCs leading to hemolysis is the main cause of anemia in these patients, hence RBC morphology can be used as a marker of oxidative
stress in Type 2 diabetes. Adding Vitamin C and E to standard treatment is cost effective and novel approach in the management of these patients.


Variational principles and calculus of variations have always been an important tool for formulating mathematical models for physical phenomena. Variational methods give an efficient and elegant way to formulate and solve mathematical problems that are of interest for scientists and engineers and are the main tool for the axiomatization of physical theories.


The frequency and severity of drought increase in many regions of the world, which emphasizes the need for sufficient research to better monitor and trigger management plans. An important role hereby plays hydrological drought, because it affects water supply and crop yields that are necessary to ensure food security. Typically, hydrological drought detection is based on in-situ observations of fluxes or storages at the surface. However, this neglects the fact that drought might occur in multiple storages with different timing and severity.  The use of subsurface storage, e.g. groundwater, is rare because the available in-situ well level monitoring is irregularly distributed in space and time and access might be restricted, for example due to national security reasons or problems in converting them to storage estimates.

The satellite mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its successor GRACE-FO offer a great possibility to observe the total water storage, i.e. the sum of surface and subsurface storages, on a global scale from space. However, GRACE is restricted to monthly data on a spatial resolution of about 300 km and the vertical sum of the storages. Hydrological models present another possibility to derive global storage information with a finer spatial (~50km), temporal and vertical resolution than GRACE but they do not perfectly represent the reality because they are underlying assumptions and are affected by uncertainty of forcing data. Therefore, to enable downscaling of GRACE while improving the models realism, the GRACE measurements are assimilated into a hydrological model.

In previous works we used a framework that assimilates GRACE into the WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model (WGHM) regionally or basin-wise. In this work we present a new framework that globally assimilates GRACE on a 4 degree grid with full uncertainty information from 2003 to 2018. The framework enables to assimilate about 95% of the global WGHM land surface except Greenland. With regard to vertical and spatial resolution the performance of model, observation and assimilation is compared. Global GRACE based drought indicators are applied and its development in the different compartments of surface water, soil and groundwater is analyzed to identify new insights into the propagation of drought. We expect that by including GRACE we derive new information especially for groundwater droughts, which might reveal time lags and a different severity as compared to surface water droughts for some regions.


A new process has been developed to create vertically-integrated photonic and optoelectronic circuits in silicon. The approach is the 3-D extension of the SIMOX process where buried SiO2 sections can be selectively created by using oxygen implantation, through a mask, followed by annealing. By controlling the implant energy, dose, mask area and thickness, arbitrary 3-D arrangements of Silicon/SiO2 can be created. The process has been used to create vertically coupled microdisk resonators and add-drop wavelength multiplexers on a silicon wafer.


RDoC attempts to finesse an existential dilemma facing psychiatry: psychiatry is most persuasively a medical field if mental disorders are understood as brain disorders, but brain disorders seem to fall under neurology. The RDoC attempts to resolve this dilemma by distinguishing brain circuit malfunctions as the distinctive domain of psychiatry: "the RDoC framework conceptualizes mental illness as brain disorders; in contrast to neurological disorders with identifiable lesions, mental disorders can be addressed as disorders of brain circuits" (1). RDoC further locates brain circuit function within a grid of analytical and developmental levels and dimensions that together are supposed to replace DSM/ICD categories with more valid diagnoses.


*Corresponding Author: Burhanuddin, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia; Email: email@example.com Abstract: This article intends to explain the status of the lingual {ka-} of Jereweh dialect in Sumbawa language. Data collection uses interview and introspection methods (because the author is a speaker and masters the Sumbawa language) by presenting the whole context of unit usage {ka-}, while the data is analyzed using the intralingual equivalent method. The results of the data analysis showed four unit states in the Sumbawa language. First, status as bound morpheme (affix), for example in kangering 'cold', kandatang 'arrival', kanepat 'oversleep'. Second, status as a signatory for meaningful aspects of 'already', usually precedes verbs that fill the predicate function in syntactic construction, for example in construction ka datang 'has come', ka lalo 'has gone', ka mate 'have died', and so on. Third, status as a pointer to 'this', for example in the ka nya 'this is it', kabeka ka 'why is this', apa ka 'what is this', and so on. Fourth, not as any unit because it is part (syllable) of the basic morpheme elements, for example kamomang 'floating', kameler 'carried by the flow of water', kamantul 'stumbles', etc., because each is not found *momang, *meler, and *mantul in the Sumbawa language Jereweh dialect..


This article describes how hypermedia has been applied in education from the early days of computers to the current day. It speculates on what is required for such systems to evolve into the sort of powerful computer-based learning environments that have long been predicted but have up until now been beyond our capabilities to create.


A continuous, in-line process suitable for large volume manufacturing of CdS/CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices has been demonstrated at the pilot scale level. The pilot scale system incorporates the steps of glass heating, all semiconductor depositions, chloride heat treatment and ohmic contact formation in one chamber operating at modest vacuum. The cycle time is 2 minutes. The process is scaleable, uniform and reproducible. Utilizing this process, devices with efficiencies greater than 12% (verified at NREL) are repeatedly fabricated on unmodified Pilkington TEC 15 substrates without anti-reflection coatings. The stability of the devices is very promising. Many devices are being tested outdoors for stability. Outdoor results are compared to indoor stress testing. Detailed analyses of the novel copper based ohmic contact using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) are presented.


In order to decrease the contents of sulfur and olefin,and the octane number loss of FCC gasoline,selective hydrodesulphurization unit developed by CDTECH Company was introduced into Qinghai Golmud Refiney of PetroChina Qinghai Oil Field Company.The unit had a strict limit of arsenic content,which should be less than 20 μg·L-1.TAS-15 arsenic removal catalyst produced by Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry was selected to meet the specification of feedstock.The catalyst had been used for three years and still possessed good effect of arsenic removal.The catalyst had the advantages,such as low operation cost,long service life,and no other effects on the performance of the feedstock.


Introduction Pre-mRNA splicing is a key process regulating gene expression in eucaryotes. Nuclear pre-mRNA processing involved the removal of introns and the joining of exons by a macromolecular complex called the spliceosome, which consist of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and numerous non snRNPs proteins. Amongst these non snRNPs proteins, the SR proteins family constituted an important group of splicing factors that are involved in constitutive and alternative splicing. SR proteins are structurally related as they are characterized by a C-terminal domain enriched in dipeptide Ser/Arg preceded by one or two RNA-recognition motifs. The structural relationship between these splicing factors allowed us to identify 13 encoding genes for SR proteins in the vertebrate model organism, Danio rerio (zebrafish). In this study, we investigate the role of the SR splicing factor, SRSF5a by injecting splice-junction morpholinos in single cell stage embryos, then, we analyse the defects in embryonic development and the impact on the transcriptome using RNA sequencing.


Dynamic feedback neural networks are known to present powerful tools in
modeling of complex dynamic models. Since in many real applications, the stability
of such models (specially in presence of noise) is of great importance, it is essential
to address stochastic stability of such models. In this paper, sufficient conditions for
stochastic stability of two families of feedback sigmoid neural networks are presented.
These conditions are set on the weights of the networks and can be easily tested.


Abstract In this work, the limit of application of the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction was calculate integrated intensities was evaluated as a function of perfect crystal thickness, when compared with the Ewald–Laue dynamical theory. The percentual difference between the dynamical and kinematical integrated intensities was calculated as a function of unit cell volume, Bragg angle, wavelength, module, and phase of structure factor and linear absorption coefficient. A critical thickness was defined to be the value for which the intensities differ 5%. We show that this critical thickness is 13.7% of the extinction length, which a specific combination of the parameters mentioned before. Also, we find a general expression, for any percentage of the difference between both theories, to determine the validity of the application of the kinematical theory. Finally, we also showed that the linear absorption decreases this critical thickness.


News headline generation is an essential problem of text summarization because it is constrained, well-defined, and is still hard to solve. Models with a limited vocabulary can not solve it well, as new named entities can appear regularly in the news and these entities often should be in the headline. News articles in morphologically rich languages such as Russian require model modifications due to a large number of possible word forms. This study aims to validate that models with a possibility of copying words from the original article performs better than models without such an option. The proposed model achieves a mean ROUGE score of 23 on the provided test dataset, which is 8 points greater than the result of a similar model without a copying mechanism. Moreover, the resulting model performs better than any known model on the new dataset of Russian news.


With global environment worsening and scientific development,modern ethics is shifting its center from 'human interests' to 'ecological interests'.This will inevitably make its way into the laws for environment and thus establish and legalize the equal,co-existing,and coordinated relationship between man and his environment to ensure sustainable development.


Objective To investigate the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in our hospital and to promote the rational drug use clinical medicine.Method Analyzed the 192 ADR cases collected in our hospital from 2008 to 2009, retrospectively.Results The occurrence of ADR induced by antibacterials ranked the first. The ADR of skin and its appendages counted for 41%. Conlusion To lessen or avoid the occurrence of ADRs in clinical medicine, should pay attention on the reporting and the monitoring of ADRs.

Key words:
Adverse drug reaction; Reporting; Analysis; Monitoring


Modernism in writing had influences or impacts from the Industrial Revolution that took place before and after the turn of the 20th century. Unsurprisingly, it affected many changes in human's thought. In this article, I discussed influences of the changes that are represented in two short stories titled "Mabel" by W.S. Maugham and "The Rocking-Horse Winner" by D.H. Lawrence.


A five times scale model of an engine brush seal has been manufactured. The bristle stiffness and pressure were chosen to satisfy close similarity of the relevant non-dimensional parameters, and the choice of parameters is described, The comparison of flow characteristics for the model seal and an engine seal confirmed the non-dimensional similarity. Detailed pressure measurements were performed within the bristle pack by employing hollow bristles. This novel measurement allowed insight to be obtained into the operation of both clearance and interference seals. In particular, the measured pressure variation in the region of the bristle tips was significant. The deflection of the bristles was determined by comparing the bristle tip pressures with the static pressures along the shaft, Hence the compaction of the pack in this region was found directly, A numerical modeling of brush seals employing anisotropic flow resistance has been developed. Predictions were compared with the measured pressure distributions within the pack. This enabled sensible selection of the pack resistance distribution to be made. Although uniform anisotropic resistance throughout the pack gave reasonable flow rate characteristics, the pressure distribution was not reproduced. A variation of resistance coefficient consistent with the observed compaction was required to give a solution comparable with the experiments.


Carbohydrates play important roles in biological systems. They exist on cell surfaces as glycoprotein or glycolipid conjugates with crucial structural and functional roles in numerous biological recognition processes, including viral and bacterial infection, cancer metastasis, inflammatory response, innate and adaptive immunity and many other receptor-mediated signalling processes. For detailed structural and functional analysis, larger amounts of different, specific carbohydrate structures generally are needed. Carbohydrates and glycosylated natural products can often not be obtained in an homogeneous form from natural sources. The various combinations of different sugars and numerous possible linkages give nature the opportunity to provide an enormous spectrum of molecular information. The synthesis of specific glycosidic linkages is difficult, as carbohydrates are highly functionalized with hydroxyl groups of similar reactivity. To obtain relatively simple oligosaccharides, a wide range of selective protecting-group strategies has to be planned in synthetic routes. In contrast a large number of different enzymes are involved in the synthesis of specific oligosaccharides in nature. Enzymatic transformations with Leloir-type glycosyltransferases and nucleotide-activated sugars as substrates provide regioand stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions. However, there are two major drawbacks in using these type of transferases: 1) the substrates used are expensive and 2) relatively small amounts of products are obtained. Bacterial glucansucrases, which catalyze the synthesis of various large glucose polymers from sucrose, provide a novel route for the synthesis of glycostructures. The flexibility of these reactions is shown by the fact that these enzymes synthesize a variety of glucosidic linkages in their polysaccharide products (depending on the specific enzyme), forming either a-1,6-linked dextran, a-1,3-linked mutan, a-1,4 linked reuteran or an a-1,3-1,6-alternating alternan. Apart from polysaccharide synthesis, it has been known for a long time that short-chain products can also be formed. In the presence of suitable (saccharide) acceptor substrates, glucan synthesis is directed towards oligosaccharide synthesis. A broad range of acceptor reactions with small acceptor molecules has already been reported and characterized, 11] and gave access to different, more or less complex glycostructures. 7,12, 13,14] Nevertheless, the acceptor products synthesized by glucansucrases with small sugars are limited, since mostly a-1,6 glucosidic linkages are formed. In some cases, an alteration of linkage specificity was observed, but in order to use these enzymes for distinct sugar modifications, a way to control their reaction specificity has to be found. Different approaches were used to change the regioselectivity of different enzymatic condensations, altering both the enzyme and the structure of the acceptor, mostly by using glycosidases. MacManus and Vulfson have demonstrated a change in regioselectivity of glycosidases by blocking hydroxyl groups. Very recently, Lairson et al. presented a similar approach with a Leloir glycosyltransferase. We wanted to change and direct the specificity of wild-type enzymes by chemical engineering the substrate. In our strategy we designed acceptor substrates that allow the control of linkage specificity by the enzyme and further chemical reactions to enhance glycodiversity. We would like to expand this system to transglycosidases and non-Leloir glycosyltransferases, to give access to a toolkit that provides different linkages and offers another way to synthesise complex glycostructures.


Old and young generation relationship usually happens between parents-children and intergeneration workers.The relationship between old and young workers have barrier called generation gap.


As authors of the seminal textbook, 'Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach', John Hennessy and David Patterson probably don't need an introduction. You've probably read them in college or, if you were lucky enough, even attended one of their classes. Since rethinking, and then rewriting, the way computer architecture is taught, both have remained committed to educating a new generation of engineers with the skills to tackle today's tough problems in computer architecture, Patterson as a professor at Berkeley and Hennessy as a professor, dean, and now president of Stanford University.


This study aimed to develop a gold price volatility forecasting model by artificial neuron networks with Thailand daily maximum gold bar price data from May 2, 2006 to September 30, 2015 (2,788 days). Data were divided into two groups, 90% of data (2,509 days) from May 2, 2006 until October 24, 2014 were used as a training the network and another 10% of data (279 days) were used to test the model's effectiveness and accuracy.                    The criterions as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were also calculated for the accuracy. The artificial neuron networks via Backpropagation learning with one hidden layer and 20 nodes performed the lowest MAE, RMSE, and MAPE. Keywords: Volatility of Gold Price,  Artificial Neural Networks


The author, executive director of the Transportation Research Board, discusses the characteristics and plans for IVHS in this country. IVHS is a megaproject with inherent risks and two types of issues: technical and nontechnical. Technical issues include whether we stress rural applications, how to develop a systems architecture, the timing of national standards, the problem of national standards, the problem of evaluation of public benefits in the early operational tests (which will provide the basis for moving ahead in deployment in a more vigorous way later on), and the question of IVHS and clean air. Nontechnical issues include: the use of the strategic plan in a decentralized environment, the problem of earmarking by Congress, the dominance of FHWA within the Department of Transportation, tort liability issues, and the capacity and motivation of local government.


Empathy is an essential ability for designers to step into users' shoes and potentially discover their latent needs. However, although empathy helps designers to better understand users, the degree to which designers can actually understand them remains unclear. Consequently, it is essential to measure the accuracy of designers' empathic understanding. In our previous work, we have adopted an experimental procedure from psychology to quantify designers' empathic accuracy. However, the measure as such is time-consuming. Therefore, we attempted to shorten the experimental time while retaining the validity of the measure. This paper reports on the process of shortening the measure and compares the original instrument with the shortened one. The data collected from the shortened instrument shows excellent internal consistency and between subject variance and is able to produce similar results to the original longer measure.


A tomography array which consists of five 200 Hz transceivers were deployed in the Central Equatorial Pacific in December 1998 and measurements for two years were conducted. In our previous experiments, each transceiver transmitted sequentially every 30 minutes, and the total turn-around time was 2.5 hours. In this experiment, we intend to shorten a measurement time by simultaneous transmissions of five transceivers, which improves an accuracy of measurement for water current velocity due to reduce the effects of internal waves. In this case, however, each transceiver receives an overlapping signal of other transceivers. Multiple M-sequence codes are needed to separate mutual signals among transceivers. Simulation for separation of overlapping signals was conducted according to the arrangement of five transceivers and then five sets of M-sequences were selected carefully and written in the memory of the five transceivers. After recovery of all the equipment in August 1999, the observed data were read out from the transceivers and processed to separate overlapping signals successfully.


We live in a time of rapidly expanding knowledge and technology, a fact which has great implications for health professions such as nursing. Now more than ever nurses need to work at keeping abreast of developments which affect their practice. Because of such fundamental considerations as these, the decision was made to include an emphasis on research in the nursing course being discussed in this issue of this journal. The inclusion of research was conceived as fulfilling a twofold purpose directly related to the nurse's need to grow as her profession grows.
 First, since more and more research is being done in nursing today, it follows that research reports are forming an increasingly large proportion of nursing literature. In order for nurses to use this literature intelligently as a basis for practice, they must be able to evaluate the research methodology involved. The findings of a study are only as sound as the methods used to obtain them. Thus the inclusion of research in a basic nursing program helps to prepare intelligent, critical consumers of nursing literature.


Maxillomandibular harmony constitutes a major component of the ideal facial aesthetics. Improvement of facial aesthetics is one of the main reasons that patients request surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Orthognathic surgery enables the correction of dentofacial skeletal or occlusal discrepancies. The need for this type of surgery has increased recently, as more adult patients are seeking orthodontic treatment (Nattrass & Sandy, 1995). Orthognathic surgery differs from other procedures of maxillofacial surgery procedures in a way that, the esthetic and psychosocial impact plays an important role in the patient perception of a successful treatment outcome. Therefore, a satisfying outcome of orthognathic surgery includes not only the decisive surgical technique and intermaxillary correction but also the accomplishment of the aesthetic goals that are successful to both patients and professionals (Sarver et al., 1988; Sarver & Johnston, 1990; Proffit & White, 1991). However, the concept of the ideal result is rather subjective and mainly determined by the consequency between the patient expectations and the actual result. Without a visual reference, it is hard for the patients to visualize the outcomes of the surgical procedures and to contribute to the treatment plan in the preoperative planning session (Turpin, 1995; Cunningham et al.1995). In this manner, visualized treatment objectives (VTO) are important predictive tools to interpret the patients' perspectives of esthetics and to give an acceptable preview of the result. Furthermore, these VTOs facilitate the communication between the treatment team and the patient as well as provide guidance to the desired result. They also determine the need for bimaxillary versus single-jaw procedures and whether adjunctive treatments including rhinoplasty, genioplasty, liposuction or augmentation are necessary. Lateral cephalometric radiographs are commonly used to predict the surgical treatment outcomes. Visualized treatment prediction began with manual profile predictions. Tracing overlay approach or using templates are the two methods for profile prediction by pencil drawing. Tracing overlay approach involves manual repositoning of the overlaid tracings and is limited to simulate the effects of mandibular surgeries. In this method, cephalometric film is traced including all teeth with their occlusal surfaces on an acetate paper. Subsequently, the structures that will not be moved by mandibular surgery are traced over the original tracing with a new sheet of acetate paper. After sliding the overlay tracing so that the mandibular teeth can be seen in their desired postsurgical position, lower teeth and O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .ite ch on lin e. co m


The existing interference suppression algorithms for direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communications are confined to the high sampling rate. The compressive sensing is addressed to solve the problem in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of interference suppression in compressed domain is introduced; the DSSS signal and interference sparse dictionary is built. Secondly, according to the difficulty in obtaining the prior information of the interference signal sparse degree, the adaptive interference suppression algorithm is proposed by setting the reasonable control threshold. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of the algorithm are presented and discussed. The numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm could suppress the interference effectively; the interference suppression performance does not change with the interference intensity and interference quantity. This will provide an effective method for the reconstruction of the compressed DSSS signal under the scenario of interference. The results obtained here may also be applicable in alternative spread spectrum technologies, like code division multiple access system.


This study applies the theory of Technology acceptance model to adjudicate the impact of social media usage factors on green consumption behavior subjected to different level of social media usage perceptions. It tries to assess how different level of perceived ease-of-use or perceived usefulness or perceived feeling from usage influence the impact of advertisements through social media, blogs, peer opinion via social networking or news and product updates in tilting consumers' towards making green purchase decisions. Binary logistic regression analysis, one – way MANOVA and factor analysis were used for data analysis collected through questionnaire survey. Results indicate that impact of social media factors positively influences consumers' green choice behavior. The interaction among level of perceived ease-of-use or perceived usefulness or perceived feelings positively influences the impact of social media factors. This study enumerates the role of consumers' in discharging environmental responsibility by emphasizing green consumption when being exposed to social media impact factors.


In February 2005, the delegates of the 11th Association for African Universities (AAU) General Conference in Cape Town encouraged the development of an Open and Distance E-Learning (ODEL) networking process within the New Plan for Africa's Development (NEPAD), agreement of the African Union (AU). It actually implemented the Southern African Development Community (SADC) protocol for open academic agreements. The Central University of Technology (CUT), Free State, is an active participant in these endeavours. Geographically, the CUT is situated in the southern African region. Consequently, research in the Unit for Academic Development endeavours to support the philosophy of ODEL within Promoting African Research and Education Networking-Internet (PAREN) in this part of the continent. ODEL is not static. Subsequently, modern perspectives are continually necessary for technology utilisation. The sharing of ODEL facilities in higher education institutions is becoming a fait accompli. Therefore, ODEL research seeks to provide an urgent strategy on how to align and support existing infrastructures, from sub-regional to national and international levels.


This study aims to explore how learning science with using techniques of The Six Thinking Hats to appear student activity, student creativity and creating a fun learning so the learning will be effective is to achieve the objectives learning. Basically, the discussion is focused on learning science base PAKEM using The Six Thinking Hats technique that can enable students and raise student creativity and improve students' critical thinking skills. Impacts arising from PAKEM against activity and creativity of students tested .. This study also explains how criteria of learning by using PAKEM approach and explain how the application of the Thinking Hats technique in science learning


Current information science is characterized by the loss of problem-solving competencies and a discipline specific core of scientific methods. Representatives of Information science and practice have a less developed understanding of the quality standards to be observed. Contrary to what is often argued, significant causes for the loss of significance are located inside the information profession. The information profession and their professionals have a significant responsibility for this state. Suggestions are made to achieve at a new unterstanding of the academic discipline Information science.


For years, one of the most challenging and yet unlocked secrets of nature has been sexual size dimorphism, known in almost every group of animals. Sexual dimorphism means the existence of physical differences between males and females of the same species, other than differences in the sex organs. These can be differences in body parts used in fights or courtship displays, such as horns or elaborate ornamentation in males, often to such an extent that males and females may even look like different species.


Background. For a long time, surgical di�culty is mainly evaluated based on subjective perception rather than objective indexes. Moreover, the lack of systematic research regarding the evaluation of surgical di�culty potentially has a negative effect in this �eld. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the surgical di�culty of anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study totaling 291 consecutive patients underwent ACSS from 2012.3 to 2017.8. The surgical di�culty of ACSS was de�ned by operation time longer than 120 min or intraoperative blood loss equal to or greater than 200ml. Evaluation of risk factors was performed by analyzing the patient's medical records and radiological parameters such as age, sex, BMI, number of operation levels, high signal intensity of spinal cord on T2-weighted images, ossi�ed posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), sagittal and coronal cervical circumference, cervical length, spinal canal occupational ratio, coagulation function index and platelet count. differences were reported between low-di�culty and high-di�culty ACSS groups in terms of age (p=0.017), sex (p=0.006), number of operation levels (p<0.001), high signal intensity OPLL and spinal canal occupational ratio Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that number of operation levels (OR=5.224, 95%CI=2.125-12.843, p<0.001), high signal intensity of spinal cord (OR=4.994, 95%CI=1.636-15.245, p=0.005), OPLL (OR=6.358, 95%CI=1.932-20.931, p=0.002) canal occupational ratio>0.45


One of the radar high-resolution range profile (HRRP) recognition issues is the target-aspect sensitivity. Both theoretical analysis and real-world data show that the HRRP shows a high correlation only in a very small aspect region. To overcome this problem, in traditional methods, the scattering centre model and averaged range profile are utilised. In this study, the authors present a graph-based semi-supervised method, called geodesic weighted sparse representation (GWSR), to overcome the target-aspect sensitivity problem. It is assumed that HRRP from different targets is located on different manifolds and the correlation information is utilised to separate these manifolds. In GWSR, the geodesic distance is calculated firstly and then the labelled HRRP is reconstructed by the geodesic weight. The nonlinear structure of HRRP can be transformed into a linear one through the reconstruction process. Then, the unlabelled HRRP is sparsely reconstructed and the sparse reconstruction weight can be utilised to estimate the label of the unlabelled HRRP from the given labels. Experiments on three kinds of ground target HRRPs with different backgrounds demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' method.


Premature birth is a serious problem of public health around the world owing to the high frequency of complications and perinatal losses. According to the WHO recommendations by gestation terms the premature birth divides into: super early premature birth (SEPB) in the term of 22-27 weeks, early PB in the term of 28-33 weeks and PB in the term of 34-37 weeks. Preterm born infants make 85%, and in the neonatal mortality structure make more than 55%. It is necessary to consider that in recent years the number of women in the premature birth development risk group has increased, to which patients with a uterus scar, extragenital pathology, supporting reproductive technology treatment pregnancy are related.


Severe early-onset axonal neuropathy due to MFN2 deficiency is a rare axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterized by early onset (<10 years) progressive distal muscle weakness and wasting of the lower limbs and later, to a lesser extent the upper limbs resulting in foot and wrist drop, areflexia, skeletal deformities (kyphoscoliosis, pes cavus with flattening, joint contractures), mild sensory impairment with vibration sense reduced to a greater extent than pain, optic atrophy and hearing loss. Wheelchair dependence by adolescence is usual and respiratory impairment with diaphragmatic paralysis may develop.


Oil spill is One of the main factors for serious damage to marine ecology,infringe on the fundamental interests of human survival and development.Prevention is the correct path to safeguard the stability of the marine ecosystem.Corporate is one of the main body of environmental responsibility.In order to prevent the occurrence of damage to the marine ecosystem and protect the marine ecological security,corporate should increase awareness of environmental responsibility,compliance with environmental information disclosure obligations,improve enterprise production safety supervision system and risk prevention mechanism.


In the context of biomedical information retrieval, we develop a sentiment analysis system for biomedical texts. We propose to apply a series of transformations on these biomedical texts based on automatic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The biomedical texts, essentially consisting of a series of tweets in English, come from an experienced corpus within the context of the 3rd Social Media Mining for Health Applications Workshop challenge (SMM4H 2018 : https://healthlanguageprocessing.org/smm4h18/social-media-mining-for-health-applications-smm4h-workshop-shared-task/). The results obtained of the evaluation of our system, in terms of precision, recall and F-measurement, have shown us good performances that can be improved in the future.


The utility model discloses an off-road vehicle seat two-dimensional nonlinear vibration isolation suspension, wherein comprises vertical vibration isolation parts and front-rear vibration isolation parts, and the vertical vibration isolation parts and the front-rear vibration isolation parts respectively play the role of vibration isolation in the vertical direction and the front-rear direction, and are fixed through bolts. The off-road vehicle seat two-dimensional nonlinear vibration isolation suspension has the effect of vibration isolation in the vertical direction and the front-rear direction, uses a nonlinear vibration isolation principle, has the low frequency vibration isolation effect, is suitable for various off-road vehicles, and is particularly suitable for off-road vehicles with extremely large front-rear vibration.


The invention discloses a humidity-controlling microcapsule and a preparation method thereof as well as an application of the humidity-controlling microcapsule in an interior wall humidity-controlling coating. The preparation method of the humidity-controlling microcapsules comprises the steps of under a water bath condition, taking acrylic acid, adding an alkaline solution, adding acrylamide, hydroxymethyl cellulose, an initiator, N,N-dimethyl bisacrylamide, and mixing evenly to obtain a water phase, adding an emulsifier to an organic solvent to form an oil phase, reacting the water phase with the oil phase at a temperature ranging from 65 to 75 DEG C to obtain a core material emulsion, dissolving the initiator in deionized water and adding into the core material emulsion with acrylate monomers, respectively, increasing the temperature to 78-85 DEG C, heating for 1-2 hours, adding ethanol for demulsification, washing and drying in vacuum to obtain the humidity-controlling microcapsules. The interior wall humidity-controlling coating is capable of automatically controlling the indoor humidity; when the relative humidity is high, the humidity-controlling microcapsules automatically absorb and store moisture in air; when the relative humidity is low, the stored moisture is released so that the indoor humidity is maintained in an appropriate range.


Limited by diffraction limit, low spatial resolution is one of the shortcomings of terahertz imaging. Low spatial resolution is also one of the reasons limiting the development of stress measurement using terahertz imaging. In this paper, the full-field stress measurement using Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is combined with Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) algorithm to obtain stress fields with high spatial resolution. A modulation model from a plane stress state to a THz-TDS signal is constructed. A large number of simulated sets are obtained to train the SRCNN model. By applying the trained SRCNN model to imaging the numerical and physical stress fields, the improved spatial resolution of stress field calculated from the captured THz-TDS signal is obtained.


PURPOSE: Several management options are available to patients with stage I seminoma, including adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a pooled analysis of patients from the four largest surveillance studies to better delineate prognostic factors associated with disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individual patient data were obtained from each center (Princess Margaret Hospital, Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group, Royal Marsden Hospital, and Royal London Hospital) for 638 patients. Tumor characteristics (size, histologic subtype, invasion of rete testis, and tumor invasion into small vessels [SVI]) as well as age at diagnosis were analyzed for prognostic importance for relapse. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range, 0.02 to 17.5 years), 121 relapses were observed for an actuarial 5-year relapse-free rate (RFR) of 82.3%. On univariate analysis, tumor size (RFR: ≤ 4 cm, 87%; > 4 cm, 76%; P = .003), rete testis invasion (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [p...


The maintenance of the secretory response requires a continuous replenishment of releasable vesicles. It was proposed that the immediately releasable pool (IRP) is important in chromaffin cell secretion during action potentials applied at basal physiological frequencies, because of the proximity of IRP vesicles to voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. However, previous reports showed that IRP replenishment after depletion is too slow to manage such a situation. In this work, we used patch‐clamp measurements of membrane capacitance, confocal imaging of F‐actin distribution, and cytosolic Ca2+ measurements with Fura‐2 to re‐analyze this problem in primary cultures of mouse chromaffin cells. We provide evidence that IRP replenishment has one slow (time constant between 5 and 10 s) and one rapid component (time constant between 0.5 and 1.5 s) linked to a dynamin‐dependent fast endocytosis. Both, the fast endocytosis and the rapid replenishment component were eliminated when 500 nM Ca2+ was added to the internal solution during patch‐clamp experiments, but they became dominant and accelerated when the cytosolic Ca2+ buffer capacity was increased. In addition, both rapid replenishment and fast endocytosis were retarded when cortical F‐actin cytoskeleton was disrupted with cytochalasin D. Finally, in permeabilized chromaffin cells stained with rhodamine‐phalloidin, the cortical F‐actin density was reduced when the Ca2+ concentration was increased in a range of 10–1000 nM. We conclude that low cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, which favor cortical F‐actin stabilization, allow the activation of a fast endocytosis mechanism linked to a rapid replenishment component of IRP.


Purpose
This study aims to explore the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in Singapore receiving inpatient mental health treatment. To date, there has not been any research that examines the views and experiences of this population in Singapore. The research examines how the participants view their mental health problems and their experiences of the services they received.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative design was chosen to address the research question. Six adult men with intellectual disabilities were recruited from the tertiary hospital and interviewed. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Findings
Four super-ordinate themes were identified; awareness of mental health problems; yearn for a life outside the ward; interacting with other people and finding purpose.

Originality/value
The participants reported that they struggled with being segregated from their families and communities following an inpatient admission. They were able to report on the emotional difficulties that they experienced and hoped to find employment after their discharge from the hospital. They talked about reconstructing their self-identity and forming friendships to cope with their hospital stay. This research is one of its kind carried out in a non-western society and the findings are discussed in the light of how mental health professionals can best support people with intellectual disabilities during their inpatient treatment.


We study discrimination based on the hukou system that segregates citizens in groups of migrants and locals in urban China. We use an artefactual field experiment with a labor market framing. We recruit workers on their real labor market as experimental participants and investigate if official discrimination motivates individual discrimination based on hukou status. In our experimental results we observe discrimination based on the hukou characteristic: however, statistical discrimination does not seem to be the source of this, as status is exogeneous for our participants and migrants and locals behave similarly. Furthermore, discrimination increases between two experimental frameworks when motives for statistical discrimination are removed.


These statements, from Helmut HeiBenbuttel and Franz Mon respectively, are the cornerstones of experimental writing.1 Taken together they imply that in dealing with language, experimental writing is also dealing with reality. While this initial reading is essentially correct, it could be misleading; it would be wrong, for example, to conclude from it that experimental writers subscribe to a naive form of idealism or conventionalism. In order to under-


Although query log analysis provides crucial insights about Web users' search interests, conducting such analyses is almost impossible for some languages, as large-scale and public query logs are quite scarce. In this study, we first survey the existing query collections in Turkish and discuss their limitations. Next, we adopt a novel strategy to obtain a set of Turkish queries using the query autocompletion services from the four major search engines and provide the first large-scale analysis of Web queries and their results in Turkish.


INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY MAIN DICTIONARY SPECIAL CATEGORIES Advertising slogans Cartoon captions Catchphrases Epitaphs Film lines Film titles Last words Misquotations Newspaper headlines and leaders Official advice Opening lines Political sayings and slogans Taglines for films Telegrams THEMATIC INDEX KEYWORD INDEX SOUNDBITES OF 2002-3


Objective:To study the application of sacrum-marked method on testing third-level balance performance.Method:Health people(n=10) and brain injury patients with hemiplegia(n=11) were recruited.Both groups took the postural stress test with external force perturbation using the sacrum-marked method;the variables were balance strategy scores(BSS) and mean sway amplitude(MSA) as well as mean sway velocity(MSV) of the center of gravity;and hemiplegic patients also took Berg balance scale(BBS) and modified timed "up and go" test(MTUG).Result:①In hemiplegic patients there was no correlation between the test of the third-level balance state BSS and the test of the first-level functional balance state [static component of Berg balance scale(SBBS)(rs=0.56)] as well as the test of the second-level functional balance state [dynamic component of Berg balance scale(DBBS)(rs=0.56),MTUG(rs=0.071)](P0.05).②The MSA and MSV of the center of gravity were negatively correlated with BSS(health people:rs=-0.76,rs=-0.77;hemiplegic patients:rs=-0.78,rs=-0.68).Conclusion:The character of the third-level balance(BSS) is different from the other two balance performance.The MSA and of the center of gravity with sacrum-marked method and external force perturbation can reflect the third-level balance in health persons and hemiplegic patients,and the sacrum marked method can be applied to evaluate the third-level balance performance.


The prediction of fluid properties in reservoirs prior to drilling is important for new prospective areas in order to reduce exploration risk and to estimate petroleum resources. Compositional modelling studies involving Temim 2-D and 3-D software have been carried-out with the objective to predict hydrocarbon composition and properties, and to quantify resources of various reservoirs within the Jurassic succession of northern Kuwait. The Temis 3-D block of northern Kuwait was derived from a previous block developed for a regional study and updated with new structural maps covering a large area including Bahrah, Dhabi, Sabiriyah, Umm-Niqa, Raudhatain and NW Raudhatain. 2-D models were constructed for calibrating the Najmah source kinetics against API gravity and GOR (gas/oil ratio) and oil chemical composition on known accumulations. Temis 2-D was then used to predict hydrocarbon fluid properties potentially accumulated in Jurassic reservoirs under supercritical PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) conditions. In-place resource estimates were derived from map-based Temis 3-D. In the Cretaceous reservoirs the oil's API gravity ranges between 30° and 34° and the GOR is relatively low. In contrast the oil in the Upper Jurassic (Najmah, Sargelu and Marrat) reservoirs has an API gravity greater than 45° and high GOR (greater than 5,000 standard cubic ft/barrel). These differences are explained by a model in which the early generated Najmah-sourced oil migrated into the Cretaceous reservoirs through the faulted Gotnia Salt. More mature oil, expelled later from the Najmah source rock, remained trapped in the Upper Jurassic, where it underwent secondary cracking affecting mainly the aromatic and nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen fractions. The Najmah and Sargelu reservoirs rapidly reached hydrocarbon saturation due to their relatively low-storage capacity. The surplus of hydrocarbons spilled downward into the Marrat Reservoir, particularly the Middle Marrat, and occasionally down to the Lower Marrat.


The transmission interference will affect the reliability and safety of CTCS-3 (Chinese Train Control System-3). In this paper, a controlled data transmission method based on transmission scene is proposed by analyzing the mechanism of data transmission. Linear method remarkably decreases the average interference probability with small increase of transmission delay, while non-linear method achieves interference probability close to minimum with the costs of acceptable increment of transmission delay. The controlled data transmission methods based on scenes remarkably improve the security and reliability of data transmission.


The raw-material silo and clinker silo of the Dayu Cement Mill have been currently the largest plain concrete material silos in our country.During their first stage construction,the silo-wall' s radial formwork system has been adopted.That is to say the composite conical spiral connection technology of silo-wall' s horizontal spiral heavy bars and the technology of controlling temperature cracks of mass concrete platform,have been carried out.Therefore,the quality of construction and its time schedule can be assured;and both economic benefit and social efficiency can be achieved considerably.


Reverse logistics focuses on the backward flow of materials from customer to supplier (or alternate disposition) with the goals of maximising value from the returned item or minimising the total reverse logistics cost. Reverse logistics is practiced in many industries like steel, aircraft, computers, photo-copiers, automobiles, plastics, carpets, paper, chemicals, appliances and medical items. In this study, a multi-criteria decision making method in fuzzy environment is developed to guide the selection process of best reverse logistics provider.


From the point of view of the study of culture,by means of literature review,investigations and deductive method,the author has analyzed a number of cultural factors in Wushu Education after classification so as to help people to recognize the function of cultural transition in Wushu education.These factors include the cultural factor of Language used in Wushu such as the technical terms and language styles in Wushu and the non-language factors such as the expressions of eyes and body languages.


Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the delay and the factors associated with delay in initiating post exposure prophylaxis. Methods: A consecutive sampling method was proceeded, and 199 patients attending the anti-rabies clinic with a history of animal bite reported at SMHS Hospital were the subjects of the study. Results: Majority of the patients (72.36%) reported a delay within 6 h after exposure, 18.59% within (6-48) h and 9.04% after 48 h of exposure. Conclusion: Increasing the number of accessible anti-rabies clinics as well as increasing the awareness among general public about timely post exposure prophylaxis in the community are some of the factors that need to be implemented.


The activity of X box–binding protein 1 (XBP1), a master transcriptional regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and the unfolded protein response (UPR), is controlled by a two-step noncanonical splicing reaction in the cytoplasm. The first step of nuclease cleavage by inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), a protein kinase/endoribonuclease, is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The second step of RNA ligation differs biochemically among species. In yeast, tRNA ligase 1 (Trl1) and tRNA 2′-phosphotransferase 1 (Tpt1) act through a 5′-PO4/3′-OH pathway. In metazoans, RNA 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH ligase (RtcB) ligate XBP1 exons via a 3′-PO4/5′-OH reaction. Although RtcB has been identified as the primary RNA ligase, evidence suggests that yeast-like ligase components may also operate in mammals. In this study, using mouse and human cell lines along with in vitro splicing assays, we investigated whether these components contribute to XBP1 splicing during ER stress. We found that the mammalian 2′-phosphotransferase Trpt1 does not contribute to XBP1 splicing even in the absence of RtcB. Instead, we found that 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP) suppresses RtcB-mediated XBP1 splicing by hydrolyzing 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate into 2′-phosphate on the cleaved exon termini. By contrast, RNA 3′-terminal cyclase (RtcA), which converts 2′-phosphate back to 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate, facilitated XBP1 splicing by increasing the number of compatible RNA termini for RtcB. Taken together, our results provide evidence that CNP and RtcA fine-tune XBP1 output during ER stress.


Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the protection induced by different commercial fowl pox (FP) vaccines against local FP virus isolated from Giza governorate in Egypt during 2012. Materials and Methods: Efficacy of FP vaccines against local field isolates was determined in seven groups of (20 birds/ group) 6 weeks old specific-pathogen free chicks. Each group was vaccinated via wing web with one of different FP living vaccines and (20) chicks in group (8) did not receive any FP vaccine and served as controls. At the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th-day post-vaccination (DPV), all birds were examined for the presence of takes at the site of vaccination. Three weeks post vaccination, serum samples were collected, and the levels of induced antibodies were detected by passive hemagglutination (PH) test. All birds in Groups (1-8A) were challenged individually via the wing web with EID50 103.0 of the Egyptian isolated strain during 2012. Results: Takes detected at the site of vaccination at the 3rd day were ranging from 45 to 70%. This percent increased to 80-95% at the 5th DPV with a maximum elevation of takes at the 7th DPV (90-100%). Geometric mean titer of PH assay antibody titer, 3 weeks post vaccination, was ranging between 5.60 and 9.60 according to the type of vaccine used and with protection 90-100%. Conclusion: Efficacy of some commercial FP vaccines used in the poultry field against the Egyptian isolated strain during 2012 ranged between 90% and 100% according to the type of used vaccine.


Along with continuous increase of gas disaster in tunnel construction, a comprehensive and real-time gas monitoring system consisting of automatic and manual modes is established for tunnel construction based on the experiences of a large number of gas tunnel construction. This system has been applied in the construction of Zipingpu Tunnel of Duwen Highway. The construction of gas monitoring network, automatic monitoring, manual inspection, gas concentration limit and ventilation layout are discussed for this monitoring system.


The paper represents an attempt to provide a sound theoretical subsidy for the so-called "curved arrow formalism," which proved unprecedented usefulness in shaping our ideas about the mechanisms of organic reactions. The basic idea is to characterize the extent to which the electron pairs are conserved or broken for a given nuclear configuration by the probability of finding the pair of electrons of opposite spin in a given point of space. This probability is quantitatively given by the αβ component of the pair density, with coinciding positions of both electrons. As a function of 3 variables, the quantity Παβ(r, r) can be displayed in 3D and the monitoring of the snapshots of this quantity for different points along the reaction path thus can bring new interesting insights into the details of bond reorganization in the course of reactions. The paper reports the application of the above approach for the detailed scrutiny of the differences in the electron reorganization of allowed and forbidden pericyclic reactions at the level of simple topological description in terms of overlap determinant method. Despite its simplicity, the approach provided new interesting insights into the factors underlying the different role of electron pairs in allowed and forbidden pericyclic reactions, and we believe that this simple approach could inspire further straightforward extensions that would allow to apply its formalism at the level of contemporary sophisticated computations to real systems of chemical interest.


The flow nature of mixture of Newtonian and non-Newtonian (micro polar) fluid between vertical parallel plates is analyzed. Closed form solutions are obtained for the governing equations. The effect of governing parameters such as the ratio of Grashof number to Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, pressure and material parameter on velocity and micro rotation velocity are depicted graphically. The effect of material parameter is to reduce to velocity and micro rotation velocity.


Extant Lophelia pertusa deep sea coral specimens from the Loachev mound region in the North Atlantic Ocean contain water filled fluid inclusions in their skeleton. This fluid inclusion water was extracted with a crushing device, and its hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios analysed. The resulting data span a wide range of isotope values which are remarkably different from the seawater isotope composition of the sites studied. Comparison with food source isotope signatures suggests that coral inclusion water contains a high, but variable proportion of metabolic water. The isotope composition of the inclusion water appears to vary with the position on the deep see coral reef, and shows a correlation with the stable isotope composition of the coral aragonite. This correlation seems to suggest that growth rate and other ecological factors play an important role in determining the isotope composition of fluids trapped in the coral skeleton, which can potentially be developed as a proxy for non-equilibrium isotope fractionation observed in the aragonite skeleton of many of the common deep sea coral species.


Unknown short-distance effects cancel the quartic divergence of the zero-point energies. If this renormalization took effect in the early universe after the last phase transition and applied only to modes whose wavelengths (over 2 pi) were shorter than the Hubble length 1/H at that time, then the zero-point energies of the modes of longer wavelengths can approximately account for the present value of the dark-energy density. The model makes two predictions.