Background An ongoing infectious syphilis outbreak, first reported among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in 2011, has resulted in >3000 notifications to the end of 2019 with multiple congenital syphilis cases and infant deaths. In 2017, the Australian Government introduced an enhanced test and treat response. We evaluate the impact of this response and the potential impact of further expansion of testing interventions. Methods We developed a mathematical model to capture the transmission of infectious syphilis among young heterosexual Indigenous Australians aged 15-29 years living in regional and remote areas. We used the model to assess the impact of existing and hypothetical outbreak responses on infectious syphilis prevalence. Findings The increase in testing coverage achieved through the enhanced response (18% coverage in 2011, to 39% in 2019) could lead to a stabilisation of the epidemic from 2021. To return to the pre-outbreak level (<0.2%) within five years, testing coverage needs to reach 60%. With the addition of a biannual community-wide screening program, using outreach to test 30% of youth in communities over 6 weeks, a return to pre-outbreak levels can be achieved within 2 years. If testing coverage alone was scaled-up to 60% at the start of outbreak in 2011, syphilis prevalence would have returned to pre-outbreak levels by 2014. Interpretation Modelling suggests that to control the syphilis outbreak the response needs to be delivered with further potency. The reduction in prevalence could be hastened with community-wide screening at similar time periods across all communities along with increases in annual testing coverage.


Purpose – The paper's aim is to establish the relationships between the formalisation of construction firms on the level of coordination and effectiveness of refurbishment projects.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a literature review of published journals and textbooks, a postal questionnaire survey with managing directors, project managers and contract managers. About 94 construction companies were selected for the postal questionnaire survey. In total, 54 (57 percent) of returned questionnaires were considered to be useful for statistical analysis.Findings – Highly formalised construction firms require higher level of coordination than lowly formalised construction firms. In highly formalised construction firms, the participants managing refurbishment projects tend to circumvent formalisation by having more informal interactions, which contradicts the needs of the firms. The effectiveness of highly formalised construction firms is not significantly better than lowly formalise...


The utility model relates to a marsh gas generating device, which belongs to the biological energy source utilizing and processing equipment, wherein a feed liquid conveyer pipe is assembled between the discharge hole of a down-flow anaerobic filter and the feed hole of an up-flow anaerobic fermentation tank. A discharge hole valve, a feed liquid transfer pump and a feed hole valve are mounted on the feed liquid conveyer pipe, both ends of a circulating reflux pipe which is equipped with a reflux hole valve and a circulating reflux pipe feed hole valve are respectively connected on an upper material return hole of the down-flow anaerobic filter and the feed liquid conveyer pipe, the upper and the lower lateral caps and the bottom caps of a fermentation tank discharge reflux pipe are respectively connected on an upper discharge hole and a lower discharge hole of the up-flow anaerobic fermentation tank as well as the feed liquid conveyer pipe, and a valve is mounted on the fermentation tank discharge reflux pipe. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, fast anaerobic fermentation speed, high gas production speed, sufficient feed liquid fermentation and convenient operation.


main value added is to treat Speer as prototypical of the Nazi regime in three respects: He personified the bourgeois backing Hitler could not do without, the combination of modernity and atavism characteristic of the Third Reich, and the corrupt profiteering rampant in the Nazi elite. He was thus more destructive than some other defendants at Nuremberg whose fate he escaped. The author's quirks (e.g., the use of apparently British terms, such as "skiver" for "shirker") and hobbyhorses (e.g., the downplaying and faint echoing of the East German historian Dietrich Eichholtz's ideological distortions concerning the German war economy) distract, but do not detract significantly from this conclusive condemnation.


The fixed zone perturb and observe (FZPO) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) divides the photovoltaic (PV) curve with the boundary voltages into multiple zones at different irradiance levels. This MPPT demanding has low cost and simple controller as it is easy to implement without any additional sensors. FZPO improves the steady state efficiency of the system compared to conventional perturb and observe (P&O) technique. The zone boundaries are set based on linear equations that reduces the system's complexity and also provides efficient tracking at varying irradiance conditions. Governments all over the world have been devoting enormous resources to improving air quality in order to combat the alarming problem of air pollution. So, a focus towards electrical vehicle (EV) is increasing and it is necessary to integrate renewable sources like PV systems to it. In this paper the analysis of EV system is performer with the PV system and it is compared with FZPO to conventional P&O MPPT. The PV system based on FZPO MPPT is shown fast transient performance at varying temperature and irradiance conditions from 300 to 1000 W/m 2 . The overall EV system performance is verified in the various aspects: - MATLAB/Simulink environment.


Abstract This paper discusses how to use the polarity distribution characteristics of echo modulation to design a multi‐speed PSK modem. This modem includes the following special features: (1) three modulation methods (BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK) at three different data speeds, (2) unique initial synchronization algorithm, (3) differential encoding and other software techniques to reduce the bit error rate and to eliminate incorrect timing adjustment when patterns with mismatched polarity are received.


A notable intellectual development of the past decade or two has been the ever-growing interest in human consciousness and the workings of the mind. Sometimes grouped under the umbrella term 'cognitive sciences', diverse disciplines such as neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, computer science, and linguistics have all made major contributions to our understanding of the human mind and brain; and the large number of popular science books published in this area show that this can be an engrossing topic for the layperson as much as for experts. In this article we want to explore, at a rather general and non-technical level, how this focus on matters of cognition can help us think about an aspect of Greek tragedy.


Using small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering we have studied the structure and dynamics of water-in-oil microemulsion droplets stabilised by the surfactant Aerosol-OT in the low-density alkanes propane and n-butane. The phase stability, interdroplet structure and droplet diffusion coefficient are dependent on the alkane density. At densities of ca. 0.6 × 103 kg m–3 surfactant-coated, essentially monodisperse, randomly distributed, weakly interacting, spherical water droplets are present. At lower densities enhanced droplet–droplet attractions promote large, transient clusters of droplets. The intradroplet structure (i.e. droplet size) appears to be independent of alkane chain length and density.


An experimental investigation of the acoustic sources in the secondary mixing region of a laboratory-scale jet-flap was made using a causality correlation technique. The processed signal of a hot-film anemometer probe was cross correlated with the output signal of a far-field microphone. Axial acoustic source strength distributions were measured for three far-field microphone locations: plus or minus 45 deg in the flyover plane and 45 deg in the sideline plane. These measurements showed that the acoustic sources in the secondary mixing region are highly directional, radiating much more effectively to the -45 deg-microphone, located below the plane of the flap surface. A relative maximum in the acoustic source strength measured for the microphones in the flyover plane occurred very near the flap trailing edge, which may be due to an edge amplification effect predicted by the theoretical work of Ffowcs Williams and Hall.


The history of in-patient care for dermatological patients in the municipal hospital of Wiesbaden, Germany, which was founded 1879, is demonstrated. The development of this hospital on different locations and especially of the dermatological department under the leadership of different dermatological personalities is reflected.


John Cage - an artist who accepts life Mark Tobey - a dialogue between painting and music the art of Morris Graves - meditation on nature sounds of the inner eye - Mark Tobey, Morris Graves, John Cage - excerpts from papers presented at a Pacific Friendships meeting of the Satie Society. Catalogue of the works of John Cage: on the interplay between art and music. Catalogue of the works of Mark Tobey: Japanese traditions and American art 25 mesostics re and not re Mark Tobey conversing with Richard Kostelanetz and Daniel Charles about Mark Tobey. Catalogue of the works of Morris Graves: Morris Graves series re Morris Graves tradition - a continuous crisis, creativity and man, his imagination and images.


New synonymies are introduced as follows: Pseudhydrovatus Peschet, 1924, junior synonym of Hydrovatus Motschulsky, 1853 and Hydrovatus occidentalis Guignot, 1949, junior synonym of Hydrovatus antennatus (Peschet, 1924), new combination.


Abstract Let p*(n) denote the number of product partitions, that is, the number of ways of expressing a natural number n > 1 as the product of positive integers ≥ 2, the order of the factors in the product being irrelevant, with p*(1) = 1. For any integer if d is an ith power, and = 1, otherwise, and let . Using a suitable generating function for p*(n) we prove that


Rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease (RHD) and European hare brown liver syndrome (EBHS) are two similar diseases affecting animals of the hare family, caused by closely related lagoviruses and manifesting as an acute and fatal form of hepatitis and thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in all organs, especially the lungs and liver. The two viruses are closely related genetically and antigenically and share approximately 76% identity. The causative agent of EBHS is a virus of genotype GII.1. Various species of hares and Florida rabbits are susceptible to it. VGBV is caused by viruses of two genotypes: RHDV-GI.1 and RHDV-GI.2. The first genotype (RHDV-GI.1) is strictly specific for rabbits. In contrast, the second (RHDV-GI.2) has a broader range of susceptible animals and affects not only hares but also common badgers and red-bellied musk deer. In addition, due to the lack of crossimmunity between RHDV-GI.1 and RHDV-GI.2 and a wide range of hosts, the second genotype displaces the first of the susceptible populations, which makes it more dangerous in epidemiological terms. The diseases have high morbidity and high mortality - up to 90%. Given the high persistence of the virus in the environment, the disease can cause severe economic damage. Disease control is effectively achieved through vaccination, general quarantine, and preventive measures. However, this only applies to VGBV types 1 and 2, for which vaccines exist. Currently, no vaccines are developed against brown liver syndrome in the European hare.


In order to improve the plan of water resources from the model of project economywater conservancy to that of eco一economical environmental water conservancy,according to thedevelopment of the times and the progress of science and technology,the plan of water resourcesmust be supplemented with such new contents as the characteristics of water resources,the effectsof environment On water conservancy and the combination of water resources plan with marketeconomy. Only after the model of eco~economical environniental water conservancy is adopted inthe Plan of water resources,can the new phase of the work Ofwater conservancy be coming。


A process for producing carbon-containing silicon carbide, comprising the step of firing a mixture of X from starting materials comprising silicon carbide, a carbon raw material and a sintering aid, wherein the particles that make up the mixture X, an average particle size of 0.05 to 3 microns ,


BACKGROUND
Light stimulation at a specific wavelength triggers various responses in insects and can be used for pest control. To develop efficient and eco-friendly photophysical pest control methods, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH), a major rice pest, was studied the effects of green light on their locomotion, growth (molting and eclosion) and reproduction. Transcriptomics and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the mechanisms involved.

RESULTS
BPH adults showed disrupted daily locomotion patterns following green light treatment at night and exhibited abnormal locomotion peaks. The total six-day locomotion of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that in the control group. Under green light treatment, the durations of growing stage 1-4 were all shorter in the green light treatment than the control, while the duration from 4th molting to eclosion (stage 5) was significantly longer treated by green light. When the BPH adults under green light treatment laying eggs, the egg hatching ratio (36.69%) was significantly lower than the ratio in control (47.49%). Moreover, contrary to the control, BPH molting and eclosion events tended to happen more at night. Transcriptome analysis proved that green light significantly affected the expression of genes involved in cuticular proteins, chitin deacetylase and chitinase, which were related to cuticular development. TEM observations confirmed the abnormal cuticular development in nymph and adult BPHs (endocuticle,exocuticle and pore canals) under green light treatment.

CONCLUSION
Green light treatment at night notably affected locomotion, growth and reproduction of BPH, thus providing a novel idea for controlling this pest. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Let p be a prime number, T a class of finite groups closed under extensions, subgroups and quotients, and suppose that the cyclic group of order p is in T. We find some sufficient and necessary conditions for the pro-T completion of an abstract orientable Poincare duality group G of dimension 4 and Euler characteristic 0 to be a profinite orientable Poincare duality group of dimension 4 at the prime p with Euler p-characteristic 0. In particular we show that the pro-p completion y Gp of G is an orientable Poincare duality pro-p group of dimension 4 and Euler characteristic 0 if and only if G is p-good.


"Trashion" is probably one of the best - rather established trends in fashion. Typical of this trend in fashion is the use of used or discarded waste materials. This new fashion trend is developing in recent years and gaining more supporters. Many designers who work in this new field and disseminate ideas "trashion" worldwide.


The research situation of traditional preparation methods of semi-solid light alloy,including mechanical stirring,electromagnetic stirring,SIMA and so on,was introduced.The principle and research progress of new preparation methods of semi-solid light alloy,including cooling slope,self inoculating,capillary cooling,melt spreading and mixing,serpentine channel pouring,liquidus forging,LSPSF,mechanical vibration,SEED and GISS,were reviewed.The development direction of preparing semi-solid light alloy was also prospected.


With increasing deployment of electric vehicles in urban mobility-on-demand systems, electric taxis (e-taxi) drivers need to compete with each other not only for passengers but also for limited charging points due to frequent and time-consuming charging activities. This paper focuses on two crucial research questions in this context: (1) What is the strategy of each e-taxi driver for charging and searching passengers in a non-cooperative environment, and what is the collective system outcome of competing e-taxis? (2) How can the mobility-on-demand service platforms (e.g., Uber and Lyft) push self-interested e-taxi drivers to improve the overall system efficiency. Technically, we study the non-cooperative mobility-on-demand system consisting of e-taxis from a game theoretic perspective. We formulate a mobility-on-demand system with competition among drivers as a stochastic game, analyze the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the game, and design an approximation algorithm to obtain the NE. Moreover, we show that the NE is not necessarily efficient for the platform and propose a pricing scheme from the platform's perspective which induces the new NE to be efficient. We use a trace-driven simulation to evaluate the design based on datasets consisting of more than 7,000 fuel vehicles and nearly 700 e-taxis, 37 working charging stations, and more than 60,000 passenger trips per day. We show that, compared with the state-of-the-art which optimizes the system efficiency by coordinating e-taxis but is not an equilibrium, the NE achieves a system efficiency of merely 73.5% of that of the cooperative state-of-the-art, and the designed pricing scheme improves the price of anarchy to 95.5 %.


Interdisciplinary activities involving chemistry and computers have been underway in Japan since 1982, and a lot of chemistry software were collected and distributed free to our members. In the age of the Internet, CAI was renamed as E-learning. The media have changed from floppy diskettes into mobile phone. Development of chemistry software will be more and more important in the future.


By applying the properties that pairs of commutate matrices can be simultaneously diagonalized,the matrix version of the square,arithmetic,geometric,harmonic mean inequalities are given.Some further generalizations of the Hlder and Minkowski inequalities are obtained based on the results above.


SIR, – [Lorenz and others (2005)][1] are to be commended for having reported a very interesting study. However, their conclusion that hyper-D-lactataemia was the direct cause of the observed neurological signs may be premature for a number of reasons.

First, the results in Table 1 suggest that


A search for the standard model Higgs boson is performed in 5.2 fb−1 of pp̄ collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV, collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The final state considered is a pair of b jets with large missing transverse energy, as expected from pp̄ → ZH → νν̄bb̄ production. The search is also sensitive to the WH → `νbb̄ channel, where the charged lepton is not identified. Boosted decision trees are used to discriminate signal from background. Good agreement is observed between data and expected backgrounds, and, for a Higgs-boson mass of 115 GeV, a limit is set at 95% C.L. on the cross section multiplied by branching fraction of (pp̄ → (Z/W )H) × (H → bb̄) that is a factor 4.57 expected and 3.73 observed larger than the value expected from the standard model. Dedicated To My Parents


pathology of the tracheal lesions in whooping cough and canine distemper; comparative pathology of anterior poliomyelitis and "blind staggers" in the horse.


Maritime security has widely been perceived as securing the maritime front by preventing "intentional damage through sabotage, subversion, or terrorism". This broad definition of maritime security, however, narrows down the role of the ocean. In reality, the term "maritime security" involves a range of issues pertaining to the sea that includes the military aspect, shipping industry, fishing activities, sea bed exploration, mining and environmental concerns. This extensiveness of the maritime domain transforms it to an exclusive subject. In his book Integrated Maritime Security – Governing the Ghost Protocol, Dr Prabhakaran Paleri highlights this exclusiveness of maritime security domain by comparing it with a "ghost protocol". The author states that, like a ghost protocol, which refers to "a mission without a proper backup or support", maritime security is an isolated case without a specific governing structure. A land-centric approach to governance of the seas further challenges the incorporation of matters related to maritime security in national governance discourse. Rather,


The next generation of hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer receivers for terahertz frequencies is under development. In order to improve sensitivity and integration time, terahertz focal plane arrays with HEB elements are required. We have designed, fabricated, and tested a three-element focal plane array with HEB devices. We implemented a quasi-optical power coupling scheme using three elliptical silicon lenses. Recently developed wideband (0.5 GHz to 12 GHz) MMIC low noise amplifiers were directly integrated with HEB devices in a single block. The array was tested using an FIR laser as the LO source and a side band generator as the signal source. This is the first heterodyne array for a frequency above 1 THz, and the suitability of HEB elements in a terahertz FPA has thus been demonstrated. This development is also geared toward investigating new architectures for much larger arrays utilizing HEB elements. Additional issues to be resolved include an improved antenna design for efficient LO injection, compact and low power IF amplifiers, and cryogenic optimization.


One of the latest ideas of university students' employment guidance is to cultivate students' consciousness of employment subject.This paper discusses about the significance and methods of cultivating their subject consciousness,such as updating the educational ideas,strengthening students' self-teaching,helping students planning their future careers and encouraging students to take part in venture practice.


ABSTRACT Recently, the number of foreign tourists to Korea via cruise ships has increased dramatically. We attempted to estimate the shore excursion expenditure function during cruise tourism in Korea. To this end, we collected data from a survey of foreign tourists who visited Korea via cruise ships and conducted the ordered probit model with sample selection to correct for the sample selection bias. Statistical tests indicate that the sample selection model provides unbiased estimates of the ordered probit model. The estimation results reveal that the coefficients of the experience of visiting Korea, job status, annual income, and nationality have statistically significant relationships with shopping expenditure. Further, it is likely that Chinese and Japanese passengers spend more money on shopping than passengers from other countries. This study is expected to provide the Korean government and port authorities with useful information for targeting passengers with high shore excursion expenditure. From a management perspective, the results of this analysis will enable cruise operators to design shore excursion programs that meet travelers' needs.


There are three coal mining methods with simple supports, oblique mining gateway or shield supports for non mechanized coal caving mining in Huainan Coal Mine. The paper analyzed and discussed the features, technical parameters selection, site management technology and applied conditions. It is hold that the oblique mining gateway coal caving mining methods is a normal coal mining method. From the technology and management point, the paper discussed the non mechanized coal caving mining.


Absorbance cytophotometry or microspectrophotometry has been used extensively to measure minute amounts of intracellular substances or products of histochemical reactions in situ. The principle of the cytophotometry was studied in detail by Caspersson in comparison with that of colorimetry (5). Both techniques are basically the same but differ practically in some aspects. The most important of the differences come from the facts that


The modeling is performed in order to know the behavior of a system. Modeling is needed in the area of medicine to understand the operation of functional systems of the human body. The model construction and the simulation within engineering are effectively recognized. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the characteristics of lung mechanics of normal person and diseased person and to show how computational and engineering basic tools can help in the biomedical studies.


Kanggur gold deposit was formed in the tectonic evolutional process from brittle
ductile to brittle shearing deformation.Dislocation micro structures,dislocation density and
differential stress values of quartz from hydrothermal ore forming stages were studied by
means of transmission electron microscope(TEM),which is helpful to understand shearing
tectonic conditions.Disolcation micro structures shows that ore forming tectonic setting
belongs to middle to middle low temprature,high differential stress and high strain rate.Ore
forming tectonic differential stress values shows a remarkable pulse evalution.The "Earthquake
pump" mechanism caused by the pulse evolution has a significance to gold mineralization


Abstract : This report examines some of the many mechanisms that lead to catastrophic damage of solids by high intensity optical radiation. Both surface and bulk damage are explored including: the different mechanisms of avalanche breakdown, thermal runaway, acoustic damage, nonlinear effects, the role of plasmas in damage, and the effects of surface preparation on damage thresholds. The relevant radiation and material characteristics are given for each damage mechanism, and the damage thresholds for a variety of materials are reported. Suggestions are offered on ways to raise the threshold for optical damage.


An impressive gathering of activists united forces in Seattle at the end of last year to protest the World Trade Organization (WTO). Protest organizers did a phenomenal job, setting up teach-ins, workshops, lectures, civil disobedience actions and marches. The goal was not just to protest, but to educate. As Lori Wallach of Public Citizen said, the best strategy with the WTO is the Dracula strategydrag the WTO into the light of day and it will wither and die. Unfortunately, in spite of this impressive effort to shed some light on the workings of the WTO, the national and international media focused primarily on the few dozen anarchist vandals and dismissed the rest of the protesters as some naïve, anti-trade fringe element. Too many otherwise educated people remain profoundly ignorant about the WTO (though thanks to the Seattle protests they have now at least heard of it), and accept the press' simplistic analysis. In light of Michael Moore's January 10 statement that the WTO will relaunch the Millennium round of the WTO, the education process must continue. Complaints about the WTO are as broad as the demography of the groups who came to Seattle to protest it. Defenders of the WTO justify it on the grounds that international trade is more efficient than purely domestic production, and will bring the benefits of capitalism to the Less Developed Countries (LDCs). Without addressing the full range of complaints concerning the WTO, it can still easily be shown that it is both inefficient and unfair.


Preeclampsia/eclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide, most devastating in developing countries. It also remains a leading cause of prematurity, as delivery is currently the only way to successfully treat the disorder. Preeclampsia requires expert care to avoid adverse outcomes for both fetus and mother and thus the ability to predict preeclampsia would be of great value, permitting the caregiver to identify women at risk and permit closer surveillance, or early referral when necessary. The latter is especially relevant in developing nations where tertiary care is limited and often at great distance from the gravidas home. In this respect, an extensive systematic review published in 2004 found no single test reliable to predict preeclampsia. However, the systemic review did not include the predictive value of combinations of tests, as well as promising recent advances regarding angiogenic proteins in the pathophysiology and prediction of preeclampsia. This review will summ...


Sweet (low cyanide) and bitter (high cyanide) varieties of cassava are compared from the viewpoint of their production, processing and consumption in Nigeria. With this information, the costs and benefits of breeding yielding sweet varieties are calculated. A new processing method, currently in use in one region of Nigeria is examined for its likely impact on the demand for sweet cassava


openly supporting the client in defiance of agency policy is remote. Activities of organized client groups, such as the National Welfare Rights Organization, have made the question of confli.cting obligations more than a theoretical exercise. This collection of essays by Michael Walzer poses less parochial but not dissimilar questions about the nature of individual and group commitments to the greater society when these commitments are in conflict. The author has examined various "social contract" theories and their application to the major conflicts of our society. He seeks to provide rules of reason that will permit and encourage social change without the destruction of the institutions that may be the target of change. This task is a most difficult one; the author appropriately qualifies his observations accordingly and succeeds in developing the various kinds of contingencies that can serve as guides for choice among conflicting obligations in the presence of competing referents. Walzer's essays are grouped under three main headings as indicated in the title: disobedience, war, and citizenship. The section on disobedience deals with primary obligations to the state as contrasted with such other kinds of primary and secondary group obligations as religion and race. It seeks to develop the manner in which a social contract is established, the terms of the contract, and under what circumstances the contract can or should be abrogated. Included in this discussion are such contemporary issues as the democratization of civil corporations (Academia and General Motors) and the activities of various groups representing oppressed minorities. The second section deals with the question of military obligations and such relevant problems as conscription, military codes, and conscientious objection. Walzer argues that while the state fosters the "myths of common citizenship and common obligation . . . [it] cannot be allowed to determine the actual commitments of actual men and women," except perhaps in the case of social emergency. The third section deals with the question of participation in cause-oriented political parties. The stress here is on the individual's need to avoid blind conformance to the party and to strive for free and honest participation. This goal, Walzer suggests, may require resignation from the party in order to maintain individual integrity. In another essay in this section, Walzer deals with the difficulties of citizen participation in


In this work, a template-wetting method is introduced for fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes. Nanoporous alumina was used as a template. Morphology and structure of the nanotubes were analyzed by FE-SEM, XRD, and TEM techniques. It is confirmed that the nanotubes had both rutile and anatase phases, which are suitable for charge separation and gas sensor applications.


A pneumatic gravity compensation system is typically nonlinear in behavior. It is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model for it, and it is particularly difficult to realize high-precision pressure control. A pneumatic gravity compensation system driven by a frictionless cylinder is built. Considering that the traditional model-free adaptive control is slow for pseudo-gradient identification, an improved model-free adaptive control is proposed to predict the changes in the pseudo gradient and accelerate the process of pseudo gradient identification. The static and dynamic gravity compensation of the pneumatic gravity compensation system is realized. Finally, the experimental results show that the steady-error of step response of the improved model-free adaptive controller is less than 200 Pa, and the rise time is approximately 13 seconds. The sinusoidal tracking error (0.04 Hz) is approximately 1.94 KPa.


The Rys polynomial method has been used to evaluate the first derivatives of the two electron integrals and the nuclear electron attraction integrals with respect to the Gaussian exponents. Gradients for the sulfur 6‐31 G(d) basis set in HS−, H2S, H3S+, H2S2, H3CSH, H2CS, CS, H2SO, SO2 and SO3 have been evaluated to illustrate the effect of charge, multiple bonding and hypervalency on the basis set exponents.


Shengli refinery plant process Middle-east crude oil, the equipment is exposed to wash erosion seriously. The elbow on the entrance of the atmospheric distillation tower top exchangers always leak for eroding. Measured the thickness of elbow by ultrasonic thickness meter every month, established GM(1,1) model with grey system theory, the average relative error is 1.8959%, model passed error check, is eligible. Adding a number 100 to the thickness of the elbow, then subtract it from the result, established improved GM (1, 1) model, and the average relative error is 1.3084%, increased prediction precision. Used full data to create improved GM(1, 1) model to predict elbow's life. Predicted the thickness of elbow in the future, the elbow life can reach to 24 month, but can not reach to 36 month. It shows that the grey system model is feasible; the improved full data GM (1, 1) model can be used for long-term forecasting and is more accuracy.


Abstract This article examines the evolution of the so‐called 'red museums' in Yugoslavia (1945‐1991). Focusing on how Yugoslavian post‐war museums were established, organised and operated, the article reveals changes in the way historical discourses were reinterpreted in efforts to promote new national narratives. In recent years, the use of personal narratives in national museums, particularly at the National Museum of Contemporary History, has played a central role in reshaping national narratives of the past.


It is determined and characterized the main components of the educational innovation. Thegeneral laws of the course of innovative processes are presented. Innovative learning technologies shape the moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic development of


Procedure for halogenation of confining walls of both gelatin and gelatin-phenolic resin capsules is similar to that used for microencapsulation. Ten percent halogen content renders capsule wall nonburning; any higher content enhances flame-retardant properties of selected internal phase material. Halogenation decreases permeability of wall material to encapsulated materials.


DESYNC-TDMA is a self-organizing algorithm based on bio-inspired features used to implement a collision-free MAC. It does not require a global clock or other infrastructures, and it automatically adjusts to the number of participating nodes to ensure that the available bandwidth is always fully utilized. In DESYNC-TDMA the time slots assigned to each node are equally allocated according to the number of nodes, and its slots are allocated one over the number of nodes. It is hard to guarantee the certain level of QoS for certain types of traffic. In this paper, we propose Distributed Call Admission Control (D-CAC) for DESYNC protocol, which is able for nodes to control joining the network with distributed manner. Our scheme needs to add only small amount of bit/flag information to the fire messages of DESYNC protocol. Simulation results showed that D-CAC is able to guarantee a certain amount of allocated slots to send its traffic by control not to join the network if congested.


The automatic features of a commercial instrument which prepares 14CO2 for liquid scintillation counting have been adapted to assay the 14CO2 collected in aqueous NaOH from the expired air of experimental laboratory animals in metabolism experiments. The method involves the liberation of 14CO2 trapped as Na214CO3 with dilute H2SO4 and the entrainment of the 14CO2 with nitrogen into the sample handling system. Recoveries were 87.3+/-1.2% and precision+/-2.0%. The method was simple and rapid; 6-8 samples were processed in one hour.


Information of rotor position and speed plays an crucial role in variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. Traditional sensors based position detection methods not only increase hardware complexity and system cost, but also face severe challenges on reliability caused by the disturbances from the varying weather and harsh operating conditions in wind energy generation sites. Thus, with the aim of eliminating position sensors and developing a reliable position self-sensing technique, this paper proposes a position self-sensing control method based on sliding mode observer for a 2 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system. In addition, a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) back-to-back converter with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is developed for the full-scale power conversion, which has lower voltage stress on the switching devices and less harmonic distortion in the output voltage compared with those in traditional two-level power converters. Simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed self-sensing method and the three-level SVPWM based back-to-back NPC converter. The simulation results soundly justified the feasibility of the proposed control scheme and power conversion strategy.


2096 are certainly considerably higher than in our own community currently. We are aware that the epidemiology of the disease may vary between countries, but these figures arc of interest in the evaluation of potential future developments, especially in the absence of meaningful statistics of our own. I t is already becoming apparent that the majority of HIVpositive patients admitted through ITU do not have HIVrelated illness. This is hardly surprising as the number of seropositive individuals in the community is far greater than the number with AIDS and it is only reasonable to expect increasing seropositive non-AIDS-related ITU admissions. It is also a reflection on the changing clinical approach with less ITU referral for AIDS-related problems. However. there is increased 'ward' procedural work done by ITU staff, for example, placement of central lines. The observation that the outcome of HTV-positive patients appears to be the same as the negative patients is of particular interest. This information is not only unavailable in this country but is not likely to become available in the foreseeable future if we are not aware of which patients arc negative and positive. Furthermore the question of whether the seropositive group are predisposed to specific problems when critically i l l is unlikely to be answered. We agree with the authors that HIV screening should play no part in the decision to admit to ITU. However testing is helpful since clearly HIV-positive status may contribute diagnostically in the acute setting characteristic of many ITU admissions. However, when the cause of admission is AIDS related, other factors, such as the probable poor outcome, must be considered. Equally the rapid evolution of AIDS therapeutics demands continual rcasscssrnent of the role of ITU management in AIDS. In conclusion it is obvious that we would gain from further information from the areas where there is a high prevalence of seropositivity and where statistics are available. The particular areas to be addressed include whether anypredisposition exists for problems other than AIDS or ARC during critical illness (although this letter suggests that this is not the case.) The real relevance of this data will remain conjectural while testing is not an accepted part of ITU practice.


One of the aims of genetic engineering and synthetic biology is the design of microorganisms with novel capabilities that could be interesting for the development of new vaccines, diagnostic sensors, and therapeutic interventions for major diseases such as cancer. In this regard, the availability of genetic elements able to program the adhesion of the engineered bacterium to different targets would be extremely useful. This work reports the development of synthetic adhesins (SAs) that enable to precisely program the adhesion properties of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria to different target surfaces, including tumor cells. The structural organization of these novel SAs is defined by a domain that anchors the SA into the bacterial outer membrane, derived from the N-terminal fragment of Intimin comprising residues 1-659, and an adhesive domain based on the smallest antibody fragments known to date, termed VHHs. This modular organization allows the modification of the binding specificity of the SA by exchange of the VHH sequence. We demonstrate that SAs are efficiently displayed on the surface of E. coli and are able to drive bacterial adhesion to antigen-coated abiotic surfaces as well as to target tumor cells expressing on their surface the antigen recognized by SAs. SAs were constitutively and stably expressed from the chromosome of an engineered E. coli strain lacking a conserved set of natural adhesins (i.e. type 1 fimbriae, Antigen 43 and mat fimbriae) and constitutively expressing the lux operon as bioluminescent reporter. Using tumor xenograft mouse models we have demonstrated that engineered E. coli strains carrying SAs colonize efficiently solid tumors expressing the cognate antigen recognized by the SA using lower doses (ca. two order of magnitude) of systemically administered bacteria, compared to control strains with SAs binding an unrelated antigen or the wild type E. coli strain. In addition, we observed that the engineered strains were cleared faster from non-target organs (e.g. liver and spleen) probably due to the deletion of natural adhesins. The fast and specific adhesion mediated by SAs was also employed to characterize the influence of both, flagella and YcgR protein in the adhesion process, as well as to investigate the short-term transcriptional response of E. coli upon adhesion to tumor cells. Our results indicate that, whereas active bacterial motility mediated by flagella is important for an efficient adhesion to target cells, the lack of YcgR protein does not affect the ability of bacteria to adhere to target cells, suggesting that the arrest of bacterial motility upon adhesion is independent of YcgR protein. In addition, we analyzed by RNAseq the global transcriptional response of E. coli bacteria upon adhesion (15 min) to target tumor cells. Our results indicate a common transcriptional response upon adhesion regardless of the cellular receptor recognized. Genes involved in sulfur uptake and its metabolism were upregulated upon adhesion, whereas genes involved in the transport of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and tryptophan synthesis were downregulated. We found that the activity of the gene fusion between the chromosomal yeeE promoter region and the mCherry reporter gene was upregulated in response to bacterial adhesion. Lastly, we have also demonstrated that SAs can drive the specific adhesion of non-live bacterial derived nanoparticles towards target tumor cells expressing a therapeutically relevant cell surface receptor (i.e. EGFR).


This study was conducted to..see whether Covid-19 had an influence on the Financial Performance of Lippo Groupsubsidiaries which on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021 through the variables determined in..this study. Datafrom financial reports every year, has carried out the process of determining the sample with adjusted criteria. The population is Lippo Group subsidiaries, using purposive sampling method, the final sample is 15 companies. This research aims to provide knowledge and become a source of information to help futre researchers, students,companies and external parties who need information. According to the output of this..study , it is partially known..that..there is a significant.influence of Current Ratio on financial performance. Return..On Assets, Working Capital turnover, Return..On Equity do..not have a significant..effect on Financial Performance. But all variables in..thisstudy ensure that..there..is a have a simultaneously effect on Financial Performance.


Feedback Control Loops (FCLs) are the heart of any self-adaptive system. Existing engineering approaches for building self-ad aptive systems mask FCL by providing abstraction layers that hide the application c mplexity. In this paper, we investigate a model-driven approach for the engineering of FCLs whose architecture is based on the Service Component Architecture (SCA) model. Our proposal consists in exploiting the data streaming model, to specify the characteristics of the control policies, and to generate FCLs of self-adaptive sys tem deployed in largescale environment. We argue that the use of a data-oriented m odel for designing self-adaptive systems significantly increases FCL visibil ity.


Diffusion‐weighted images based on echo planar sequences suffer from distortions due to field inhomogeneities from susceptibility differences as well as from eddy currents arising from diffusion gradients. In this paper, a novel approach using nonlinear warping based on optic flow to correct distortions of baseline and diffusion weighted echo planar images (EPI) acquired at 3 T is presented. The distortion correction was estimated by warping the echo planar images to the anatomically correct T2‐weighted fast spin echo images (T2‐FSE). A global histogram intensity matching of the T2‐FSE precedes the base line EPI image distortion correction. A local intensity‐matching algorithm was used to transform labeled T2‐FSE regions to match intensities of diffusion‐weighted EPI images prior to distortion correction of these images. Evaluation was performed using three methods: (i) visual comparison of overlaid contours, (ii) a global mutual information index, and (iii) a local distance measure between homologous points. Visual assessment and the global index demonstrated a decrease in geometrical distortion and the distance measure showed that distortions are reduced to a subvoxel level. In conclusion, the warping algorithm is effective in reducing geometric distortions, enabling generation of anatomically correct diffusion tensor images at 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Scalp reconstruction is a daily challenge for plastic surgeons. The authors propose their algorithm for reconstructive surgery after ablative surgery. They considered not only the size defect but also the anatomical defect and the clinical condition of the patient to achieve the best choice for reconstruction. During the two-year period, a total of 86 procedures were performed on 78 patients. We used five different techniques for reconstruction, including primary closure, graft, local or free flap, and a dermal regeneration template. No statistical difference of complication was observed in the different groups. We consider our algorithm a useful improvement in the management of the defect at the vertex.


The catalytic enantioselective fluorination of N-H-free 3-substituted oxindoles was accomplished by a Sc(III)/N,N'-dioxide complex. Under mild reaction conditions, a series of 3-aryl- and 3-alkyl-3-fluoro-2-oxindoles were obtained in excellent yields (up to 98%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) by using N-fluorobisbenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the fluorination agent. MaxiPost was synthesized efficiently in 81% yield with 96% ee.


Large grain/single crystal Nb is currently being examined for fabricating superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities as an alternative to using rolled sheet. Three ingot slices from different suppliers have been characterized and are compared. It is desirable to know the grain orientations of an ingot slice before fabrication. Characterization of an ingot slice has been done using electron backscattered pattern (EBSP) orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), which requires cutting out pieces from the slice, a destructive technique. Use of a Laue camera allows nondestructive characterization of grain orientations. The OIM method was used to examine ingot slices from CBMM and Ningxia, while the Laue method was used to examine a Heraeus ingot slice. The three ingot slices are compared in terms of their crystal orientations and grain boundary misorientations, indicating no obvious commonalities. The Laue method has practical advantages over OIM for evaluating ingot slices during the manufacturing process.


Miroslav Šediv y, a professor of history at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, produced a fine and original monograph, exploring European diplomatic history in the Italian peninsula during the years 1830–1848. Šediv y is the author of two previous diplomatic works: Metternich, the Great Powers and the Eastern Question (Pilsen, 2013) and Crisis Among the Great Powers: The Concert of Europe and the Eastern Question (London, 2017). Šediv y's work focuses on international tension, discords, and conflicts in Italy. He stresses that international relations during those years were characterized by 'egotism, jealousy, mistrust, fear, law-breaking and finally war' (p.1). In pursuing their policies, Great Powers, most notably France and England as well as smaller Italian states, Piedmont in particular, weremotivated by geopolitical and economic interests which violated principles of legal conduct required of governments according to the Congress System and conflict resolution through diplomacy. Following an analysis of the heritage of the Congress of Vienna, Šediv y explores meticulously various crises and clashes in the peninsula during three periods: 1830–33, 1840, and 1846–48. They include the French occupation of Ancona, the Sulphur War between Britain and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the impact of the Rhine Crisis, the Salt Wine discord between Austria and Piedmont, the Ferrara Affair (1847), and the growing tension between Austria and Piedmont that led to the eruption of war between them in early 1848. The author based the volume on extensive research inmany European archives and a broad bibliography in Italian, English, German, and French. Restoration Italy was divided into eight states as ratified at the Congress of Vienna. Austria, led by its chancellor Clemens von Metternich, constituted the hegemonic power in the peninsula during the Restoration. The Habsburgs ruled over Lombardy and Venetia, incorporating them into their empire as a single kingdom. Three states had rulers related to the Habsburgs: Tuscany, Parma, and Modena. The Congress System consisted of an array of laws and rules that were designed to solve conflicts diplomatically, ensure stability and order in international relations, and provide security to all countries. Legal guidelines and cooperation among governments constituted essential foundations of the System. Metternich, the main statesman discussed in Šediv y's work, supported reforms and advocated cooperation. He strongly defended the Congress System and wished to preserve it. In the author's words:


The Compton camera can provide 3-D images of radioactive material distribution based on a single measurement at a fixed position. The Compton camera also can image several different kinds of radioactive materials simultaneously, by means of the "multitracing" capability. In the present study, this multitracing capability was tested for a double-scattering-type Compton camera, or Double-Scattering Compton Imager (DOCI), which utilizes two double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSDs) and one NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Our experimental result shows that the 137Cs and 60Co gamma sources can be clearly distinguished in 2-D and 3-D Compton images, and that there is no significant interference between the two gamma sources. The imaging resolutions were determined to be 6.2 and 4.7 mm FWHM for the 137Cs (662 keV) and 60Co (1332 keV) point sources at 4 cm, respectively. The angular resolutions, determined from the angular resolution measure (ARM) distributions, were 7.3° and 6.5° for the source energies of 662 and 1332 keV, respectively. The DOCI remains under development; its imaging resolution will be further improved with the incorporation of more sophisticated detectors and the related electronics, including a faster scintillation detector (LYSO) and higher-spatial-resolution position-sensitive detectors.


Often characterised as 'unstructured' (Hoppe 2011), 'post-normal' (e.g. Funtowicz & Ravetz 1993) or 'wicked' (e.g. Pryshlakivsky & Searcy 2013) problems, complex sustainability issues such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, resource depletion, gentrification, etc. prove difficult to solve. Their consequences are far-reaching yet unpredictable. Expert knowledge is incomplete, fragmented, and uncertain, giving rise to scientific controversies. Furthermore, social and political controversy arises because of a lack of agreement on norms and values at stake and on the acceptability of goals and solutions. Neither the existing institutions, frameworks and routines for decision-making nor the application of the available expertise appear capable of democratically tackling such problems. All the same, the sense of urgency surrounding these issues that drastically affect our planet and its inhabitants continues to grow. The pursuit of a more sustainable world is one of the most important societal challenges today and – given its wicked character – a challenge that requires a trans-disciplinary engagement with the issues at stake.

In this context, policy-makers as well as scholars repeatedly argue for 'learning our way out' of unsustainability (Finger & Asun 2001) and explicitly call on educational institutions to contribute to this endeavour. Yet, also for education such wicked socio-ecological problems bring about major challenges. When the required and available knowledge is uncertain and the desirability of proposed solutions is contested, education cannot be reduced to a matter of teaching and learning the 'proper' attitudes, knowledge, behaviour, skills, etc. Environmental and sustainability education (ESE) researchers have emphasised the absence of a universal ethical foundation for sustainable development as well as of an absolute conception of scientific truth. Questions and challenges emerging, then, are e.g. how to deal with unstable knowledge and controversy in educational processes (Ashley 2000)? How to move beyond moralising instruction without falling into undue anything-goes-relativism (Sund & Ohman 2014; Van Poeck et al. 2015)? How to foster creativity (Garrison et al. 2015) and encourage 'thinking and doing things that have not been done before' (Jickling & Wals 2012)? Etc.

Highlighting different aspects of such educational challenges and bringing together varied national perspectives, the contributors to this symposium will address this topic from theoretical, methodological as well as empirical points of view. In this first part of the symposium, we focus on exploring promising theoretical frameworks for ESE research on teaching and learning in the face of wicked socio-ecological problems. Van Poeck, Block and Ostman develop a conceptual framework for understanding and investigating urban sustainability transition initiatives as spaces for experiential learning drawing on Dewey's theory of experience. Drawing on ecofeminism and environmental ethics, Bengtsson and Kronlid argue that it is impossible to fulfil the ethical demand to include and acknowledge that which is excluded (e.g. women, nonhuman nature) and explore the consequences thereof for environmental education and social progress. Lysgaard and Van Poeck draw inspiration from theoretical, epistemological work in the fields of Speculative Realism and Actor Network Theory to examine whether and how the entanglement of social, political, human aspects on the one hand and material, technical, natural elements on the other is reflected in the way in which ESE practices present and approach the subject matter of wicked socio-ecological problems.


The Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture has established its place in computer vision literature, however, training ViTs for RGB-D object recognition remains an understudied topic, viewed in recent literature only through the lens of multi-task pretraining in multiple vision modalities. Such approaches are often computationally intensive, relying on the scale of multiple pretraining datasets to align RGB with 3D information. In this work, we propose a simple yet strong recipe for transferring pretrained ViTs in RGB-D domains for 3D object recognition, focusing on fusing RGB and depth representations encoded jointly by the ViT. Compared to previous works in multimodal Transformers, the key challenge here is to use the attested flexibility of ViTs to capture cross-modal interactions at the downstream and not the pretraining stage. We explore which depth representation is better in terms of resulting accuracy and compare early and late fusion techniques for aligning the RGB and depth modalities within the ViT architecture. Experimental results in the Washington RGB-D Objects dataset (ROD) demonstrate that in such RGB ->RGB-D scenarios, late fusion techniques work better than most popularly employed early fusion. With our transfer baseline, fusion ViTs score up to 95.4% top-1 accuracy in ROD, achieving new state-of-the-art results in this benchmark. We further show the benefits of using our multimodal fusion baseline over unimodal feature extractors in a synthetic-to-real visual adaptation as well as in an open-ended lifelong learning scenario in the ROD benchmark, where our model outperforms previous works by a margin of>8%. Finally, we integrate our method with a robot framework and demonstrate how it can serve as a perception utility in an interactive robot learning scenario, both in simulation and with a real robot.


Potassium salts of cobalt(III) and manganese(III) complexes, K[CoL(py)2]·2EtOH·MeOH 1 and K[MnL(py)2]·py 2, have been prepared, where H4L = 1,2-bis(hydroxybenzamido)benzene and py = pyridine. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the cell dimensions of a = 12.688(3), b = 17.555(4), c = 16.673(3) A, β = 102.59(2)°, V = 3624(1) A3, and Z = 4, in which potassium ion plays a role of connector for two adjacent [CoL(py)2]− molecules through K–O interaction (two phenoxo oxygen atoms of a cobalt(III) complex, two oxygen atoms of the solvent molecules, and an amido oxygen of the adjacent unit) to give an extended one-dimensional structure. 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with the cell dimensions of a = 14.358(1), b = 16.457(2), c = 13.703(2) A, V = 3237.7(5) A3, and Z = 4, in which potassium ion plays a role of connector for three adjacent [MnL(py)2]− molecules through K–O interaction to give an extended three-dimensional structure.


A young woman was brought into hospital on account of haematemesis, apparently due to simple ulcer of the stomach. In a few days diphtheritic patches were noted in the pharynx, from which a short Bacillus diphtheria was cultivated; then a long false membrane was coughed up, presumably from the trachea and bronchi. The diagnosis simple gastric ulcer and co-existing diphtheria was made. After a fortnight it was found that all the lesions were due to hydrochloric acid, which the patient had drunk in an attempt to commit suicide. A. J. Hutchison.


Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising resource for cell therapy of different organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Therapeutic effect of MSC transplantation in GIT diseases may be partly due to their differentiation into various cellular components of the digestive tube. However, more significant is regulatory influence of MSCs on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the gastric and intestinal epithelial cells, as well as their immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic effects. Data from experiments on animals and clinical trials indicate prospect of using MSCs in various diseases affecting any parts of GIT. However, effective and safe clinical use of MSCs requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of their therapeutic effect, the development of optimal methods of administration, and risk assessment of adverse effects. This review analyzes MSC participation in regeneration of GIT and systematizes data on the potential of using MSCs in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases.


Wire bonding has been an established packaging technology for decades. When introducing copper as wire material for high power applications, adaptations to the bonding process and to machines became necessary. Here, challenges occur due to the stiffer wire material and changing oxide layers on the contact partners. To achieve sufficient process stability, a clean bond area is required, which can only be achieved with high shear stresses in the contact partners' surfaces. These necessitate high normal forces to plastically deform the wire and substrate. To achieve such high stresses in the contact area, the bonding tool needs to be able to transmit the needed tangential forces to the top side of the wire. The wire itself performs a shear movement and transmits the force into the contact area to clean the contaminant and oxide layers and to level the desired bond surfaces. The main function of the tool is to transmit these forces. If the bond tool can only transmit low forces in the direction of excitation, the parameter space for a stable bond process is severely restricted. Here, a modeling approach to estimate how well different tool shapes meet the demand of transmitting high tangential forces is presented. The model depends on wire deformation and thus on the ultrasonic softening effect.


This paper presents FPGA implementations of the DES and Triple-DES with improved security against power analysis attacks. The proposed designs use Boolean masking, a previously introduced technique to protect smart card implementations from these attacks. We demonstrate that recent reconfigurable devices offer excellent opportunities to implement a masked DES. In particular, we use the large embedded memories available in the Xilinx Virtex-II proreg FPGAs to store precomputed and masked substitution tables. Compared to an unprotected DES design, our proposal only requires 45% more logic resources and 128 Kbit of memory and yields a throughput of about 1 Gbit/sec


ABSTRACT After near extirpation earlier this century in the Great Lakes, double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) populations reached all-time highs, raising concerns among sport anglers and fisheries managers, who see cormorants as a significant source of mortality for yellow perch (Perca flavescens), whose populations are perceived to have declined in concert with cormorant increases. We partitioned age-specific perch mortality for 1995 into that caused by (1) cormorant predation, (2) angler harvest, and (3) other sources. Cormorant consumption of perch was calculated by simultaneously estimating diet composition (using stomach analysis and number of foraging cormorants from aerial and ground surveys), and daily consumption (using energetic values from the literature). Consumption of perch by cormorants was heaviest during April and May (48% of the diet by weight) when perch spawn, but yellow perch was not an important prey species overall (11%). Primary prey groups were alewife (47%) and sticklebacks (15%). Cormorants consumed 11,400 kg of perch, mostly young fish (ages 1–3), but mortality caused by cormorant predation was estimated at ≤6.3% of mortality for all ages of perch. Neither cormorants nor anglers contributed more than one-fourth of the total annual mortality of any age class of perch. Although cormorants were highly visible predators of perch in Les Cheneaux Islands area, they did not represent a major source of mortality in 1995. Impact of cormorants on perch may vary from year to year, and may relate to fluctuations in timing of the birds' migration relative to perch spawning. However, we conclude that overall impact is not significant, and control measures to limit their populations were not warranted at the time of this study.


We propose a finite volume method for the shallow water equations that accurately approximates the transport of vorticity. The algorithm is based on a predictor-corrector-type projection method. Any consistent finite volume scheme may be used in the prediction step of the algorithm. An elliptic equation is solved and the momentum field is corrected to obtain the correct evolution of vorticity. We describe this projection algorithm for the wave equation and the shallow water equations. The crucial role played by the pseudovorticity transport is highlighted. Numerical experiments demonstrating a considerable gain in computational efficiency with the vorticity projection algorithm are presented.


This study further investigated the phenotype of wound macrophages, specifically focusing on the capacity of wound macrophages to present antigen. Studies were conducted in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge wound model in mice. Wound cell suspensions were obtained 7 days after PVA sponge insertion, stained, and evaluated by flow cytometry. Wound macrophages expressed MHC Class I and Class II antigens and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Day 7 wound macrophages from C57BL/6 mice were isolated by negative selection using magnetic beads, and exposed to antigen (ovalbumin peptides 257–264 or 323–339). After removal of unbound antigen by washing, the macrophages were cocultured with splenic T cells (T cell to macrophage ratio of 50:1). T cell proliferation was determined by incorporation of 3H‐thymidine. Wound macrophages induced antigen specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells from OT‐I/Rag1 mice and CD4+ T cells from OT‐II.2a/Rag1 mice. Macrophages isolated 2 days after sponge insertion also induced antigen specific proliferation of splenocytes. Thus, wound macrophages should be considered capable antigen presenting cells. This research was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (GM79227, T35HL94308, T32GM65085, GM42859) and funds allocated to the Department of Surgery by Rhode Island Hospital, a Lifespan partner.


Knowledge and knowledge management have become two of the latest buzzwords in the management literature. However, the literature presents primarily normative, undersocialized models of how knowledge could be administrated and developed as an organizational resource, and does not sufficiently recognize the social, political and emotional aspects of knowledge. In general, the knowledge of knowledge management is not situational. For instance, in what respect does the notion of knowledge take gender issues into account? This paper presents a study of clinical research activities in a major multinational pharmaceutical company and it suggests that the processes of knowing are always embedded in existing social and political, gendered assumptions and beliefs. Therefore, knowledge management needs to be further developed to avoid general problematic positions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Summary and Conclusion The performance of agglutination tests, using the blood cells of mice of 5 inbred strains and 8 types of F1 and F2 hybrid mice, have shown that human sera can be differentiated, apart from the usual intra-group reactions, by their ability to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes. The differentiation of human sera on this basis depended on the presence or absence of a specific agglutinin (Mo agglutinin). It was found to bear no specific relationship to either the A-B-0 blood groups or the Rh factor. Five of the 37 human sera tested (approximately 14%) did not contain the Mo agglutinin. Mouse erythrocytes adsorbed the Mo agglutinin but not α and β agglutinins or the rabbit cell agglutinin. Human erythrocytes of the a and β group and rabbit red cells adsorbed their specific agglutinins, but not the Mo agglutinin.


Objective To evaluate the association between plasma myeloperoxidase(MPO) level and acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Plasma levels of MPO,cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ),high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP)were measured in 29 patients with ACS,27 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) and 31 healthy controls.The relationship between MPO and cTnⅠ,hs-CRP,the numbers of lesions,degree of stenosis was analyzed.Results Plasma level of MPO was higher in ACS group[(2.37±1.68)ng·ml-1] than that in SAP group [(0.70±0.37)ng·ml-1 ](P0.01)and control group[(0.94±0.48)ng·ml-1](P0.001).There were no statistical difference between patients with SAP and controls(P=0.68).Plasma level of MPO in patients with ACS was positively correlated with levels of hs-CRP(r=0.31,P=0.039),and not correlated with levels of cTnⅠ(r=0.30,P0.05).There was no relationship between levels of plasma MPO and the numbers of coronary lesions(r=0.15,P0.05)among the three groups.Plasma levels of MPO were positively correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis(r=0.52,P0.001).Conclusions Plasma level of MPO is associated with instability of coronary plaques and useful for early diagnosis of ACS.Plasma level of MPO is significantly associated with severity of coronary stenosis.


Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in Europe and North America. the incidence of breast cancer is rising but mortality rate has been decreasing steadily with the advent of management potential. In Bangladesh we do not know exactly, how many women are developing breast cancer or dying of it. It is not surprising that women in Bangladesh, either in villages or in cities, are the worst breast cancer sufferer owing to shyness, ignorance, social taboos and economic austerity.


Title compounds of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives by the ring closure reaction of m-fluorobenzoic acid hydrazide with an aromatic acid and alumina in presence of POCl3 under microwave irradiation. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria namely staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the synthesized compounds were also tested for their antifungal activity against fungi namely, Candida albicans.


Methods of an estimation of quality of processes of designing of complex technical devices are considered, at the account of the basic parameters of quality for the proved choice of the most comprehensible variant from among competing. Ways of an estimation of influence of separate design stages of a technical product are described, and methods of definition of accuracy of the complex technical products entering into the chosen parameter are offered.


.................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Curriculum-Based Measurement ........................................................... 2 1.2 Articulation Intervention .......................................................................... 5 1.3 Spelling Intervention ............................................................................... 7 1.4 Progress Monitoring ............................................................................... 9 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods ........................................................................ 12 2.1 Participants ........................................................................................... 12 2.2 Procedures ............................................................................................ 12 2.3 Selection ............................................................................................... 12 2.4 Single Subject Intervention ................................................................... 13 2.5 Progress Monitoring Material Development ......................................... 14 2.6 Baseline ................................................................................................ 14 2.7 Experimental Intervention ..................................................................... 15 2.8 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 16 2.9 Comparison of Effectiveness of Timing of Progress Monitoring ......... 17 Chapter 3: Results ................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Eric ........................................................................................................ 18 3.2 Kasey .................................................................................................... 20


The invention relates to a transfer device (1) clocked with a, rotatably driven carousel (3), comprising a plurality of adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction of the workpiece carriers, arranged with a adjacent to the carousel (3) conveyor (6), comprising a band, belt, rope or chain-like transport element (7), and with a handling means (5) for removing workpieces (21) from the carousel (3), transferring the workpieces (21) to the transport element (7) and unloading the workpieces (21) the transport element (7). According to the invention, that the transport element (7) during removal, the transfer and unloading of the workpieces (21) by means of the handling device (5) with an at least approximately constant speed is driven. Further, the invention relates to a printing device (2) and a method for operating a transfer device (1).


Laser emission in the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum was obtained as a result of pulse discharges in barium vapor at repetition frequencies up to 15 kHz. The laser action in the visible region was due to transitions from a resonance to a metastable level in Ba II and was observed for the first time. The average output power in infrared was 0.4 W.


Sorption behavior and mechanism of D201×4 resin for Au(Ⅲ) were investigated. D201×4 resin has a good adsorptivity for Au(Ⅲ) in HAc-NaAc medium at pH value of 2.63. The statically saturated Au(ffl sorption capacity was 689.11mg•g^(-1) resin. The Au(Ⅲ) adsorbed on D201×4 resin could he eluted by l0%NH2CSNH2-1 mol•L^(-1)HCl (1:1) and the elution rate was 92.2%.The adsorption of Au(Ⅲ) on D201×4 follows the Freundlieh isotherm. The △H of the adsorption was 11.03 kJ•mol^(-1). The sorption rate constant was 5.42×10^(-5)s^(-1). The activation energy was 13.26kJ•mol^(-1). The molar coordination ratio of the functional growp of D20 1 x4 to Au(Ⅲ) was about 1:1. The adsorption mechanism of resin for AuG10 was suggested according to chemical analysis and IR spectraoscopy results.


From their beginning, twenty five years ago, the Movements of Pedagogic Renovation have been hardly working in the creation and consolidation of Public, Popular and Democratic School. This movement has assumed, in coord ination with other social groups, the commitment of society transformation. Nowadays, in the current political system associated to neoliberal globalization, it is a main objective to claim the sense of education as a public service that has to be warranteed by the goverments, and the school as a place where culture is created. For this purpose, it is necesary to enhance the social participation and the democratic organization. It is also necesary to fight against mass media manipulation and against the minimization of the big world-wide problems like poverty, injustice, environment destruction or represion. Additionaly, it is necesary to overcome the growing tendency to social desmobilization, exagerated consume and programmed leisure, to question the dictatorship of spaces and times. These are some of the challenges that social movements working in social justice and peace have to face.


Research objectives: To present data about a newly discovered architectural monument of the Golden Horde's Solkhat/Krym. Research materials: As the result of excavations of the medieval settlement of Solkhat in 2018–2019, we have revealed an unknown archaeological object – a türbe (mausoleum) belonging to the Islamic community of the town. The research materials contain architectural measurements and plans, a description and analysis of the burial structures, along with data on coins and other finds, including female jewelry found in one of the burials. Results and novelty of the research: During archaeological surveys in 2018 in the southeastern part of the Golden Horde's Solkhat, not far from the modern reservoir, a new archaeological object was discovered and identified as a medieval Muslim mausoleum (türbe). As a result of the 2018–2019 excavations, it was found that it is a ruined structure, preserved at the level of the lower rows of the foundation. The plan of the mausoleum is based on a rectangle oriented to the cardinal directions. The structure consists of two parts – the southern which is the entrance and the northern which contains the actual tombs (gurkhan). In the northern part of the türbe at the floor level, two burial underground chambers were discovered: burial 1, constructed of square Golden Horde bricks, and burial 2, constructed of rubble stones. The first female burial contained fragments of architectural details and a pair of golden earrings with a translucent sub-square inlay. The design features of the earrings indicate a style distinctive to Central Asia and China. The gender of the buried individual is confirmed by anthropological analysis. The second burial is a collective one, with bone remains of at least three individuals, two of them being males. According to the numismatic finds, the mausoleum dates to the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. The presence of female jewelry among the funeral inventory of burial 1 formally contradicts the traditions of Islamic funeral rites. Apparently, gold earrings, marking the social status of the deceased (among other details of clothing that have not reached us), indicate the persistent preservation of traces of steppe traditions.


Energy budget is becoming a constraint in all computing systems. From mobile systems to supercomputers, the focus has shifted from performance to energy and power efficiency. Design metrics are not anymore solely based on performance, as the energy efficiency of application executions is becoming a predominant design requirement. In addition to established voltage and frequency scaling techniques, several semiconductor chip manufactures introduced heterogeneous multi-core processors to increase the level of energy efficiency. The usage of this heterogeneity is complicated by the scheduling and mapping decisions needed to be made at run-time for application execution. In order to exploit the full potential of such architectures we need to make the right decisions, because parameters such as type of core, frequency and utilization usually affect the power dissipation and performance. This paper analyses achievable energy gains when exploiting core level utilization in addition to other control techniques such as: heterogeneity, voltage and frequency scaling. We build an energy efficiency model based on platform configurations defined by core types, the different voltage and frequency levels and the core utilization rate. Based on the built model, we analyze the energy efficiency variations for different platform configurations providing the same level of performance. We show that trading the number and type of core with frequency and voltage level and core utilization rate can lead to substantial energy efficiency gains.


Stresses under the caps in cement-soil piles composite ground are obtained by putting earth-cell under the caps with one pile,four piles and nine piles respectively in field test.Three important factors,i.e.pile length,pile space and pile number,which influence the stress ratios are studied in detail.Under the same condition,the stress ratio distribution curve styles obtained by tests are compared with those by theoretic calculation according to Mindlin′s stress solution and layer summation.It is demonstrated that the stress ratio curve is composed of two segmentst,he descending segment at lower load levels and the ascending segment at higher load level,and that the pile-soil stress ratio of the ascending segment is between 4.0 and 7.0,which provides experimental and theoretical references when the pile-soil stress ratio is constant.It is also shown that the stress concentration coefficient at the top of the pile and the soil lessening coefficient increase while the replacement reduces,but the pile function is enhanced.The stress concentration coefficient varies from 2.00 to 3.25,and the lessening coefficient varies from 0.35 to 0.70 by field testt;he stress concentration coefficient varies from 2.40 to 4.50,and the lessening coefficient varies from 0.40 to 0.55 by theoretic calculation.


Purpose
From 2000 to 2021, the Malaysian corruption perception index demonstrated a declining tendency, identifying Malaysia as a highly corrupt nation. Corruption in the nation has become a social cancer that has impacted the workplace and political climate. Using Dewey's (1937) theory of education and social change, this paper argues that anti-corruption education is a tool for reforming the corruption culture of a nation. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to explore and understand the current anti-corruption education in Malaysian educational institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The results of this study were derived from a qualitative content analysis of 20 Google News articles, an interview with the sole implementation agency, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and a literature assessment of MACC publications. Due to a dearth of preceding study and journal publications on the topic, this type of qualitative content analysis of news has been applied in prior studies.

Findings
The results indicate that anti-corruption education has been implemented in the primary, secondary and higher education institutions in Malaysia. Nonetheless, the concept and implementation are inadequate, superficial and insufficient. The analysis advises more inclusive techniques for delivering anti-corruption education for social transformation.

Originality/value
Prior research has focussed on laws and regulations to prosecute the corrupt, but has underrated the ability of education to alter the corruption culture. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first journal paper, written on anti-corruption education in Malaysia. This study sets the way for further anti-corruption education studies in the future. This line of research will provide insights for the nation's policymaking, which aims to create a nation free of corruption and capable of sustaining itself.


Much of the current debate on competitive markets centers on whether state and local regulations that impede emerging players, like Airbnb, Tesla, or Uber, and restrict occupational entry serve the public interest. This focus on government restraints on competition implicitly discounts private efforts to create closed markets — whether it is, for example, by Amazon, Comcast, or Google. Listening to many politicians, lawyers, and economists talk these days, a layperson could be forgiven for assuming a competitive economy is one free from state intervention. But that is not the case, and sometimes it is only through public intervention that competition can be maintained against private forces seeking to do away with it. The Federal Trade Commission's recent case against McWane's monopolization of the domestic iron pipe fittings industry offers valuable insight on public and private power in the market. McWane exploited the "Buy American" provision in the 2009 stimulus program to preserve a monopoly. The government restricted foreign competition on stimulus projects to help the ailing U.S. economy, while McWane closed the pipe fittings market to bolster its own bottom-line. This episode suggests that public restraints on competition can promote the common good and that at the same time government action — through renewed enforcement of the antitrust laws — is critical to protecting markets against privately-erected barriers to competition.


The conception of our being at the socialist elementary stage is the latest development of Marxism. Its coming into being covers following stages. The founders and leaders of our Party enriched the conception at different stages and made it more complete.


In our laboratories, an instrumental method has been developed for the characterization of corona discharges in well-defined media under the conditions of extreme purity and reproducibility. An instrument has been developed, consisting of a stainless steel chamber that contains a corona generator, an induction mixing chamber with a manifold in which the medium of well-defined concentration is prepared, and a vacuum and baking system, used to remove the corona medium and by-products. Our instrument performed well in measurements of a number of gases, ranging from pure nitrogen to various chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons. In most of these measurements, corona characteristics were determined with safety and reproducibility. However, the system is suitable not only for the measurements of corona discharges, but also for other measurements, performed under extreme purity in common gases, and for work with aggressive, explosive, or toxic media, that often exhibit surface contamination phenomena. The system operated reproducibly with sample concentrations from 0.1 to 10000 parts per million by volume. In order to reach the 0.1 and 1 ppm levels, the additives were premixed, when possible in 1 to 10 or 1 to 100 dilutions.


Bulk samples of carrot seed are tested for Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) using a seed wash dilution plating assay. Testing protocols for seed-borne pathogens usually assume that infested seeds are fairly uniform with regards to bacterial populations on individual seeds and the assay will detect the average number of bacteria for infested seed present in the sample. However, previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial populations on individual seeds may vary and be non-normal in distribution. Sixteen commercial carrot seed lots were tested using a bulk seed wash assay and contained Xhc at populations between 105 and 109 CFU/g seed. Individual seeds from these seed lots were assayed to determine Xhc populations on individual seeds. The incidence of Xhc-infested seed varied among the seed lots, ranging from 7.7 to 94.3% infested seed. Seven of the 16 lots harbored <20% infested seed, while four lots contained infested seed at an incidence of 23 to 39%. Populations of Xhc ranged from 2 CFU/seed (the limit of detection of the assay) to 6.4 x 106 CFU/seed; three seed lots contained individual seeds with populations >105 CFU/seed. Most of the Xhc populations were not adequately described by a normal distribution and were highly and positively skewed. The incidence of Xhc-infested seed in carrot seed lots and the populations on individual seeds may be important factors influencing seed-borne transmission of Xhc and the efficacy of seed treatment, but the epidemiological implications of a relatively few, highly infested seeds in seed lots are not well-understood.


Book synopsis: Advances in Modal Logic is a unique international forum for presenting the latest results and new directions of research in Modal Logic broadly conceived. The topics dealt with are of interdisciplinary interest and range from mathematical, computational, and philosophical problems to applications in knowledge representation and formal linguistics. This volume contains invited and contributed papers from the seventh conference in the AiML series, held in Nancy, France, in September 2008. It reports on substantial advances, both in the foundations of modal logic and in a number of application areas. It includes papers on the metatheory of a variety of modal logics; on systems for spatial and temporal reasoning and interpreting natural language; on the emerging coalgebraic perspective; and on historical views of the nature of modality.


Sericin is known as a group of glue proteins surrounding the fibroin fibers of silkworm cocoons. Sericin comprises about 30% by weight of the cocoon shell of Bombyx mori and is known for its molar abundance of serine residues, being up to 30-40% in mole (Kirimura, 1962). Since the 1930s, there have been attempts made to separate the sericin components. In most of them, cocoon sericin was extracted into boiling water. Kaneko (1931) separated it into two fractions by adding ammonium sulfate and reported the difference in nitrogen contents between them. Mosher (1934) separated the cocoon sericin by precipitation at the isoelectric point, and his method was tested by subsequent researchers. For example, Watanabe (1960) reported the difference in amino acid composition between the two sericin fractions. Earlier, Simizu (1941) had separated cocoon sericin into three fractions by boiling in water for different periods of time and reported the differences of crystallinity among them by means of X-ray diffraction. The properties of sericin as a polymer were investigated in more detail in the 1970s and 1980s. Sericin films were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and so on (Kataoka, 1977a; Tsukada, 1983). Most studies showed that amorphous sericin transforms into a f3-structure in the presence of water. Recently, some biochemical actions of sericin such as antioxidant activity (Kato et al., 1998) and a suppressing effect on colon carcinogenesis (Sasaki et al., 2000) have been reported. These studies are aimed at the application of sericin to cosmetics and dietary supplements as a natural material that had not yet been utilized. Most of these studies have two serious problems. The first of which is that the sericin sample was often a degraded one. As Gamo (1973) reported, the cocoon sericin extracted in boiling water was degraded randomly so that no distinct band of sericin could be observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). As the properties of polymers strongly depend on their molecular size, it is desirable to use intact sericin molecules for scientific research. The second problem is that mixtures of different sericin proteins were used. Gamo et al. (1977) observed five different sericin polypeptides, which are distributed unevenly in the silk gland. Additionally, two sericin coding genes have been found both by means of linkage analyses (Gamo, 1982; Shonozaki et al., 1986) and by cloning (Couble et al., 1987). That is, there are at least two sericin genes and several sericin polypeptides differing in size and distribution, which possibly indicates different properties and functions among them. Thus, it is indispensable to separate individual sericin molecules to accurately characterize sericin proteins. Gamo's report (1973) was the only exception. It presented the extraction of sericin without degradation from the cocoon shell almost free from the contamination of fibroin. He extracted the cocoon sericin into an 8 M aqueous urea solution with 2-mercaptoethanol at 37°C and differentiated at least six polypeptides in the sericin solution. There was no quantitative evaluation on the yield of sericin, however, which is of great interest to us. In this study we determined the best conditions to recover sericin as much as possible without degradation from the cocoon shell on the basis of Gamo's method (1973) and used gel filtration chromatography to evaluate *To whom correspondence should be addressed .


The study examined young (4 to 7 years old) children's resilience under the stressors of parental divorce. Resilience was indirectly inferred based on constructs such as attention, emotional and behavioral regulation, ability to take initiatives, positive relationships with others and parents' sensitive response to child's needs. It was conducted with a representative sample of 130 divorced parents from different regions in Greece. Based on parents' perception concerning the level of competence and adversity that children had faced due to divorce the sample was divided into two groups (a) those families who considered the child of reference as more 'vulnerable' (38.5%,) and those who considered the child as more 'resilient'(61.5%). Data showed that children who were considered as adaptive to divorce stressors exhibited more positive outcomes compared to children who considered by their parents as at risk. The gender of the child did not interact with the experience of transition with respect of the wellness components. This study also considered the possible discrepancies between the two groups of children in some factors that have been related to children's well-being after divorce. Thus, another important finding revealed that the parents of the 'more resilient' children experienced less parental stress, had more supportive relationships with their ex-spouses, felt more satisfied with their lives and quarreled less with their children. In agreement with previous studies this paper underlined the necessity of studying divorce under the concept of resilience rather than the risk, shedding light on some of the critical protective factors.


The study is going to research the ten degrees of freedom mathematic model of vehicle dynamic. It includes three different direction of vehicle movement and three Euler angle. Furthermore, it also includes the suspention of four wheels. The formula for automobile movement is ten degrees of freedom which purpose is to investigate the longitudinal and lateral forces and the yaw rate of vehicle. In addition, the automobile's stableness is also examined while a controller is assembled afterward. As stimulating, the steering wheel was quickly turning around while vehicle without controller but in low friction on the ground. This factor of low friction conducts the longitudinal and lateral forces of tyres decreasing. Therefore, it cannot maintain the steady of vehicle and make vehicle tend to be slipping. However, after assembling vehicle with controller, the situation has been controlled. The controller would control one of the front wheels in order to increase or decrease the yaw rate. Throughout the stimulation, we understand the relationship between steering wheel and yaw rate. Moreover, after examining the angular magnitude of steering wheel we also obtained the variation between them. We applied these two message and their variation, the controller of vehicle steady was been designed. Plus, the stimulation of vehicle's movement as well as the result were achieved.


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2021 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-21-240 We read with great interest the work of Dueland et al. recently issued in JAMA Surgery (1). In this retrospective study gathering data from several prospective cohorts from Norway, the authors compare oncological outcome of patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) vs. portal venous embolization (PVE) followed by liver resection (LR) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). To this end, they gather data from three prospective cohort studies including patients who underwent LT for CRLM, and data from another cohort of patients who underwent PVE and LR for CRLM. In the cohort of PVE patients (n=53), they find a high drop-out rate (28%) of patients who do not undergo LR after PVE. The reported 5-y overall survival (OS) of patients who undergo PVE + LR (n=38) is 44.6% vs. 0% in unresected patients (n=15). In the LT group (n=50), just as in the PVE group, the authors analyze patient survival according to their tumor burden, distinguishing a high tumor load (HTL) group (number of lesions ≥9 or maximum diameter ≥55 mm) opposed to the low tumor load (LTL) group. In the LTL-PVE group, authors find a 5-year OS rate of 69.3% in 23 patients receiving PVE + LR, which lowered to 53.1% when considering the whole PVE group in an intention to treat (ITT) analysis (n=30); in the LTL-LT group, the 5-y OS is 72.4% (n=21). In the HTL group, PVE + LR (n=8) led to 10% 5-y OS; PVE in ITT (n=15) led to less than 10% 5-y OS; while LT (n=29) led to a 5-y OS of 40% (not provided, read on the survival curves). Amongst HTL patients the authors further dichotomize patients with left-sided (n=21) and ascending colon (n=8) primary cancer, finding patients with ascending colon primary having more N+ status and worse 5-y OS after either PVE + LR (12.5%) or LT (0%). The authors conclude to a high survival probability for LT as a treatment of selected patients even with high tumor load, or for patients who do not respond to PVE. Dueland et al. must be commended for their work and their dynamism in initiating such an innovative and disruptive treatment as LT for CRLM (2). LT may indeed be considered as a last resort for young patients with unresectable CRLM with low aggressive biology, and future studies on LT in CRLM must be pursued. Some additional thoughts on the present work may be interesting to share. Overall, the message of this study tends to favor LT versus PVE strategy for patients with extensive CRLM, although the authors maintain with reason a cautious position in their conclusion. Indeed, 5-y OS in LT patients seems significantly higher compared to PVE, especially in HTL group. However, making the comparison between these two groups of patients may be highly debatable. PVE patients suffer from high drop-out rate (28%) of patients who either do not increase enough their future liver remnant, or progress before resection. The authors do not provide the proportion of patients according to their reason for drop-out, but disease progression is usually the main limiting factor (3). The disease history of these patients who quickly progress mostly due to an aggressive tumor biology is never comparable to the disease history of patients who undergo LT after a long selection French Editorial From ACHPBT