We present the algorithms for three popular methods: F-expansion, modified F-expansion, and first integral methods to automatically get closed-form traveling-wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). We generalize and improve the methods. The proposed algorithms are manageable, straightforward, and powerful tools providing a high-performance evaluation of the exact solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NLODEs) and NLPDEs. For differential equations with parameters, the new algorithms determine the conditions on the parameters to obtain exact solutions. The algorithms show solutions to a wide variety of NLODEs and NLPDEs, both integrable and non-integrable. It can solve NLODEs and NLPDEs that contain complex functions. The algorithms are implemented in a C++ library named GiNaCDE. The efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithms are demonstrated by some examples with the help of GiNaCDE. The output results tally with the previously known results, and in some cases, new exact traveling-wave solutions are explicitly obtained. Use of the library, implementation issues, scope, limitations, and future extensions of the software are addressed.


Background: Improving confidence in and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and boosters among long-term care workers (LTCWs) is a crucial public health goal, given their role in the care of elderly people and people at risk. While difficult to reach with workplace communication interventions, most LTCWs regularly use social media and smartphones. Various social media interventions have improved attitudes and uptake for other vaccines and hold promise for the LTCW population. Objective: developed is an accessible WordPress-based social media web application, refined through formal (n=3) and informal user experience testing. Users can sort posts by topic or subtopic and react to or comment on posts. To build an online community, we recruited 3 LTCW "community ambassadors" and instructed them to encourage discussion, acknowledge concerns, and offer factual information on COVID-19 vaccines. We also set "community standards" for the web application. Conclusions: An iterative, user-centric, participatory approach led to the launch of an accessible social media web application with curated content for COVID-19 vaccines targeting LTCWs in the United States. Through our trial, we will determine if this approach successfully improves vaccine confidence. If so, a similar social media resource could be used to develop curated social media interventions in other populations and with other public health goals. fact-checking, and screening flow


The MAC unit is considered as one of the fundamental operations in DSP and it becomes a basic component in ApplicationSpecific-Integrated-Circuits (ASIC).The MAC unit determines the speed of the overall system; it always lies in the critical path. Developing a high speed MAC is crucial for real time DSP applications. In other words the MAC operation is the main computational kernel in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) architectures. This paper shows the real time hardware and software implementation of MAC unit. This proposed MAC Unit is able to perform different arithmetic operations at high speed. Combinatorial form has been utilized to design all sub-modules being used in the MAC unit. And integrated in the final unit, reset and clock functionality has been provided in this final unit to have better control on the circuitry. The complete design has been developed by using MATLAB Simulink and then simulated and synthesized using XILINX ISE TOOL for FPGA Implementation... For this design the target FPGA device belongs to Spartan-6 (family), XC6lS45 (device), CSG324 (package) with speed grade of -4. Xilinx synthesis tool (XST) of Xilinx ISE-14.x has been used for synthesis purpose and for design MATLAB has been used. For the behavioral simulation purpose ISE simulator has been used. KeywordsMAC, System Generator, DSP, FPGA, MATLAB, Simulink


Glyphosate-resistant canola has been widely adopted in western Canada. This has prompted producer interest in the timing of glyphosate application, particularly under zero tillage, where glyphosate is often applied preseeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe, Edmonton, and Beaverlodge in Alberta in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to determine the importance of preseeding glyphosate and the most effective growth stage to apply glyphosate to canola to optimize yield and weed management. Treatments consisted of zero-tillage systems, with and without preseeding glyphosate, and a conventional-tillage system involving preseeding tillage operations. Glyphosate was applied at the one- to two-, three- to four-, or five- to six-leaf stages of canola in each tillage system. Canola yield and weed dry weight were largely unaffected by the tillage system. In most instances, the highest canola yields occurred when glyphosate was applied early to the crop. The opposite occurred at Lacombe and Edmonton in 1999, however, where canola yield increased as glyphosate was applied at later crop growth stages. This yield benefit likely resulted from the control of late-emerging weeds that exerted competitive pressure on canola. Early glyphosate timing in glyphosate-resistant canola may eliminate the need for preseeding glyphosate in zero-tillage systems, and optimize yield and weed control. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; canola, Brassica napus L. 'Quest'. Additional index words: Critical period of weed control, direct seeding, preseeding glyphosate application, reduced tillage, zero tillage.


: Noise when added to the speech signal deteriorates its quality and makes the speech signal meaningless for the listeners. The active noise cancellation technique can be used for cancelling this noise, recovering the original signal, and making it meaningful. But due to fast varying characteristics of speech signals along with high sensitivity of speech for surrounding noise the use of active noise cancellation on speech signals is quite challenging. In this paper, this challenge of estimation and cancellation of speech signal noise is analysed. The proposed noise cancellation model is implemented using human ' s speech, birds chirp, and airplane sound as surrounding noise signals. The active noise cancellation is applied using least mean square algorithm (LMS), normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS) and recursive least mean square algorithm (RLS) for different types of noisy surroundings. The prediction accuracy and SNR of all the three algorithms for real-time human speech are also compared and discussed. The results are supported by root mean square EVM power analysis.


This note discusses macroprudential frameworks in emerging market economies (EMEs) and the role that central banks play. It reviews how central banks organise themselves to promote financial stability. Much of the discussion is based on the replies to a questionnaire sent in late 2016 a group of EME central banks. Some conclusions are that about two thirds of the central banks surveyed have a financial stability mandate but not necessarily in the form of a quantitative goal. Respondent central banks have control over a large array of macroprudential tools. But in several countries, decision-making powers and control over instruments remain diffused across institutions. In such cases, policy coordination implementation tilts towards favouring the central bank's role of "primus inter pares".


Using documents from the Historical Archives of the European Union, the article assesses the results of the restructuring of the European Community steel sector carried out at the beginning of the 1980s, considered to be the first European industrial policy. The article concludes that State aid control by the European Commission, through the so-called aid codes, was the main tool of the Community restructuring policy and contributed to resolve the crisis that the sector had been suffering from the mid-1970s, even though the objectives set by the Commission were not fully achieved.


Policymakers in countries around the world are currently facing transport decisions that will affect millions of people. Should these nations build more highways, going farther down the road toward automobile reliance and urban sprawl, or should they instead funnel new investments toward rail, bus, and bicycle infrastructure to give people more non-car choices? Most of the worlds' population live in developing countries with inadequate road and rail networks, so an opportunity exists to build more balanced transportation systems. Industrial countries have the funds to add choices, such as public transit and bicycling, to existing communities and channel future construction around such transportation networks. This article discusses the issues confronting both developed and developing countries in selecting and planning for their future transport systems, and focuses on the importance of making these decisions in consideration of more efficient, less polluting and environmentally sound alternatives.


In order to improve the transport system in the Kharkiv region the transport and logistics cluster is being created. Based on global experience of implementation of the cluster policies the models of cluster formation were analyzed. The conducted SWOT-analysis allowed the hypothesis that Italian model of the cluster policy is the most appropriate for the Kharkiv region. The article presents the main stages of formation of transport and logistics cluster that will clearly organize the activity of its members, to identify the main priorities in their work. Transport and logistics industry plays an important role in our country and therefore the formation of transport and logistics cluster is important for both regional and national economy. The suggested model of industrial relations, namely the creation of transport and logistics cluster will improve living standards, increase business competitiveness, the integrated use of resources and scientific potential. Economic efficiency of the cluster consists in an integrated approach, where each spent unit has a significant increase in profit, more than that obtained when each company operating separately


Designed for beginning and medium level English-language learners,the TOEIC Bridge? test is to test and improve professional English communication skills by ETS.TOEIC Bridge? test was first introduced into China mainland and officially launched by The Occupational Skill and Testing Authority(OSTA) of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the Peoples Republic of China in 2007.The Implementing TOEIC Bridge test into English teaching in higher vocational colleges can provide guidance for promoting English teaching learning reform and the cultivation of the students'abilities to deal with workshop affairs in English and make a good solid foundation for enhancing students' proficiency and competitive ability in current career market.


We discuss the meaning of super resolution from single image. We distinguish between two approaches: 1) image reconstruction that infers high resolution details, 2) imaging process that indirectly captures information about the fine details.


Personnel training program is the guarantee of teaching quality of higher education, and it is also an important basis for achieving the goal of personnel training. The traditional teaching system is usually emphasizing theory, but underestimating practice. With the deepening of teaching reform in higher education, the universities have reached a "theory and practice" combination of training objectives for consensus talents and the construction of modern university teaching system is relatively perfect, but it is still in the exploratory stage in the construction of practical teaching system. In this paper, the author takes application of financial management specialty construction as an example, starting from the theoretical teaching and practical teaching to analyze the main problems existing in the financial management system in theory and practice. She also starts from the development theory and strengthens the practice platform for the construction of a simulation point of view. Then she puts forward to optimize the "dual system" and the structure of "double ability construction", which can strengthen the integration of financial management theory and practice. So that more suitable applied talents for market demand can be trained.


Human serum high density apoproteins were complexed with increasing concentrations of 1-(12-azido-[9,10(-3)H2]oleoyl)glycero-3-phosphocholine up to the saturation concentration (72 mol lysolecithin per mol apo HDL). Ultraviolet irradiation generated the nitrene which led to crosslinking with the two main apolipoproteins AI and AII. Methods are described for the removal of excess, unbound lipid and the column chromatographic separation of the lipopolypeptides AI and AII.


This paper presents a novel design of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. QCA is a transistorless emerging technology based on Coulombic repulsion. It is being explored as one of the alternative technologies which may replace CMOS in the future. In this work, QCA based nano FPGAs are designed and simulated. The designs of the Configurable Logic Block (CLB) and the Programmable Switch Matrix (PSM) are first developed separately and then integrated together to form a complete QCA based FPGA. The circuit components are designed to take full advantage of the unique features of QCA technology. It is observed that the proposed circuits have less latency and occupy less area compared to earlier designs. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrated design of a QCA based FPGA which includes both CLBs and PSMs. The FPGA is designed and simulated using the QCADesigner tool.


Overhead cranes are commonly used to carry heavy objects from one place to another in a workspace. In common, 3-phase electric drive and induction motor are selected to drive a crane in three dimensions. Many mathematical models of a three- dimensional overhead crane were previously derived by energy equation to describe a relationship of applied force and crane movement. The problem was that the applied force could not be used for controlling most overhead crane systems whose motors were commonly controlled by velocity commands. Although, this problem was solved by creating an empirical model which contains the three functions: switch, rate limiter and linear second order, the further investigation and validation was still required. In this paper, the model of drives and motors of an overhead crane was investigated and validated by experiments using an industrial-grade 1-ton overhead crane. A unit step input of velocity command and actual velocity were used as data to create an empirical model. The model performance was experimentally evaluated by comparing with actual velocity and position of each time step. The discussion was also provided at the end.


A decade ago, Central and Eastern European countries were isolated economically from Western economies and integrated among themselves through the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). Now that the CMEA along with Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia have disintegrated, one question is whether some form of integration or re-integration would benefit these Central and Eastern European countries and their neighbours to the West. This paper examines monetary integration from the perspective of the Central and Eastern European countries. Section 2 investigates the possible forms of monetary integration in Central and Eastern Europe from the weakest in the form of a convertible but floating exchange rate to the strongest in the form of adoption of a Western currency. It includes some discussion of whether multiple monies can coexist. Section 3 explores the question: Why Integrate? In Section 4, we turn our attention to the prerequisites for and mechanics of exchange-rate or monetary integration. Section 5 examines the question: When? The main conclusion that substantial monetary integration with the West would best be postponed until prerequisites on the real side, particularly in terms of fiscal balance, are fulfilled is reiterated in section 6.


Researchers and practitioners have found that the type of mechanical system utilized to thermally condition a space impacts the noise level for occupants. Indeed, in schools, air conditioning systems are by far the largest contributors to room noise (Bradley, 2002; Nelson et al., 2005; Siebein et al., 2000). Studies have also demonstrated the impact of noise on youth's cognitive performance. The problem is worsened in nonnative speakers and children with hearing loss (which can be temporary due to colds and allergies or permanent). No studies yet have bridged those two widely-supported findings: if the type of mechanical system impacts (and often dictates) the noise level in the room, and if the noise level in the room impacts the performance of the student, might there be a correlation between mechanical system type and student achievement? An examination of 73 elementary schools in a single Orlando, Florida school district suggests that, for schools populated with students of similar socio-economic background, schools cooling with the noisiest types of mechanical system, with both a compressor and fan exposed to the room, underperformed on standardized student achievement tests relative to those with quieter types of systems. Also, schools with the highest percentages of low socio-economic level children are more likely to get the noisiest type of cooling system. Mechanical system data was gathered through an online survey answered by facility maintenance managers and school percentage student achievement scores on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) were obtained from public online data for years 2003 to 2010 for third grade only. This is the earliest students are tested by the FCATs and studies show a larger impact of noise at an early age. This study examined as well the extent to which teachers believe noise from mechanical systems has an effect on student learning and under what conditions. Results from an online survey sent to third grade teachers in the same schools show that teachers generally judge noise levels in their


The years of irrational economic development mode results in the current socio-economic problems,and the government introduces the concept of sustainable development to address these issues,in which socio-economic sustainable development is the key.Regional economic development becomes more and more important,and plays an important role in the overall economic development.The socio-economic development depends on many aspects.This article primarily analyzes social and economic sustainable development on the basis of economic and social relations.Process the classification and types of socio-economic sustainable development in Hebei Province by fast clustering method and in theory,provide the basis for the region socio-economic sustainable development policy.


A 44-year-old female patient born in northern Africa presented with a thrombocytosis (platelet count 610 9 10/l) with no causes of reactive elevation of platelet counts, and no mutation in JAK2 or CALR genes or BCR-ABL1 transcript. Red blood cell and leucocyte counts were normal. As MPL W515L/K mutations are present in 5–10% of JAK2 V617F and CALR exon 9 negative Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET) patients (Klampfl et al, 2013), a mutation of exon 10 of the MPL gene was sought using the MPL Mutascreen kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). We were surprised to observe an abnormal feature of the normalized fluorescence on the mutant axis (Fig 1A). In our experience, such a fluorescence profile may be linked to the presence of rare mutants such as MPL W515A or W515S (Chalign e et al, 2008). The entire coding regions of the MPL gene were thus sequenced and we identified two different MPL heterozygous variants (Fig 1B): a stop codon at position 515 (p.W515*) and a K39N variant. The K39N variant, also known as the Baltimore polymorphism, is associated with thrombocytosis when present in a homozygous state (Moliterno et al, 2004). However, Sanger sequencing on DNA extracted from the patient's nails revealed the heterozygous status and germline origin of both the K39N variant and the MPL mutation. The presence of truncating mutations similar to the p.W515* mutation in the MPL gene have not been associated with thrombocytosis to date, but with congenital amegacaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT), a rare disease characterized by severe thrombocytopenia developing during infancy with later evolution to pancytopenia (Ihara et al, 1999). CAMT is an autosomal recessive disease in which MPL mutations are considered as the causative origin of the disease (Geddis, 2011). Mutations have been found at different locations along the MPL gene sequence in this disorder, including missense, nonsense or splice site mutations. The vast majority of CAMT cases are due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in MPL (Ballmaier & Germeshausen, 2011). To better understand the distribution of these mutations on the different alleles and determine how an MPL-CAMT-associated mutation could explain the thrombocytosis observed in this patient, we analysed the cells of the patient's daughter. Despite normal blood cells counts, the heterozygous MPL p.W515* truncating mutation was present in DNA from the patient's daughter. The K39N variant was not detected. These results demonstrate that both variants were on different alleles and thus acting in trans, but also that the daughter received the MPL gene truncating mutant from her mother and a wild type allele from her father). This analysis confirms that this heterozygous truncating mutation of the thrombopoietin receptor (THPO-R, also termed MPL) has no or only a mild impact on the platelet count and is not sufficient per se to give rise to either thrombocytosis or CAMT. CAMT-associated truncating mutations in MPL principally lead to defective THPO-R presentation on the cell surface, leading to unresponsiveness to thrombopoietin (THPO) (Ballmaier et al, 2001, 2015; Varghese et al, 2014). However, no report in the literature or in the COSMIC (Catalogue of


In view of the current situation of frequent traffic jams in cities, in order to reduce transportation costs and environmental pollution, a green vehicle routing optimization method with multiple parking lots and vehicles considering time-varying speed is proposed. Considering the economic cost and environmental cost, a green time-varying vehicle routing model with the minimum total transportation cost as the optimization goal is constructed by using the congestion index predicted by Baidu Intelligent Transportation Network. According to the characteristics of the model, the basic genetic algorithm is improved, and the improved algorithm is simulated with three scale examples. The conclusion shows that the model and algorithm can effectively reduce the logistics distribution cost, promote the energy saving and emission reduction of distribution vehicles, and provide a vehicle transportation path scheme for the cold chain logistics distribution decision of fresh e-commerce.


Advanced colorectal carcinoma is currently incurable, and new therapies are urgently needed. We report that phosphotyrosine‐dependent Eph receptor signaling sustains colorectal carcinoma cell survival, thereby uncovering a survival pathway active in colorectal carcinoma cells. We find that genetic and biochemical inhibition of Eph tyrosine kinase activity or depletion of the Eph ligand EphrinB2 reproducibly induces colorectal carcinoma cell death by autophagy. Spautin and 3‐methyladenine, inhibitors of early steps in the autophagic pathway, significantly reduce autophagy‐mediated cell death that follows inhibition of phosphotyrosine‐dependent Eph signaling in colorectal cancer cells. A small‐molecule inhibitor of the Eph kinase, NVP‐BHG712 or its regioisomer NVP‐Iso, reduces human colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Colorectal cancers express the EphrinB ligand and its Eph receptors at significantly higher levels than numerous other cancer types, supporting Eph signaling inhibition as a potential new strategy for the broad treatment of colorectal carcinoma.


A summary is given of the preliminary analysis and design activity on solar heating systems. The analysis was made without site specific data other than weather; therefore, the results indicate performance expected under these special conditions. Major items include system candidates, design approaches, trade studies and other special data required to evaluate the preliminary analysis and design. The program calls for the development and delivery of eight prototype solar heating and cooling systems for installation and operational test.


The MS medium was optimized with several hormone combinations for inducing hypocotyls of Eucalyptus urophylla× E.grandis clone DH32-29 to form callus.And the callus rate was high.The callus was differentiated into four types in subsequent culture including green,yellowish,white and brown calluses,in which the green and partial yellowish calluses were embryonic whereas the latter two were non-embryonic.Each callus type was sampled for measuring of protein content and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT).Results showed that the green callus had the highest protein content,followed by the yellowish,white and brown ones.In general,the embryonic callus had a higher SOD,POD and CAT activity than the non-embryonic had.The green callus had the highest activity of the three enzymes.


Sub-Saharan Africa is beset by an increasing population putting stringent demands on a declining resource base. Soil and water conservation (S&WC) is often seen as the primary means to arrest the inevitable decline in soil quality and maintain the productivity of farming systems upon which the majority of the populace rely for their precarious living standards. Yet S&WC programmes have a patchy record: in humid areas they may be relatively successful, but in semi-arid areas there is neither evidence of widespread adoption of S&WC nor increased production. These marginal areas, economically and climatically present the most intractable challenge to natural resource managers. This study investigates the performance of S&WC in rainfed cropping in the drier parts of Kenya, paying particular emphasis to the yield benefits and economic viability of crop production systems for the small scale and most vulnerable of the rural land users. Results are based upon a series of experiments conducted over three crop growing seasons on three soils, testing 10 S&WC based crop production systems with a monocrop of 75-day (short-season) maize (Zea mays L.: var. Makueni composite). The S&WC measures range from physical techniques of contour tillage, tied ridging and terraces to a partly biological technique of trashlines. Hand tillage was taken as the control. In this marginal environment (agro-climatic zones IV and V), the typical situation of smallscale farmers adding no fertilizer was compared with currently recommended levels of application of fertilizer and manure.


Taking a high performance monochip phase-locked-loop(PLL) frequency synthesizer PE3236 of Peregrine Co as an example,this paper introduces the key realization technique and egineering realization method in the fast frequency source design,and presents a part of research and product results.


The aim of this study was to estimate relationship between genotypic and phenotypic effects in set of wheat genotypes. Fourteen varieties of wheat (Begra, Charger, TAD, Elena, Flair, Kobra, Kris, Mikon, Alidos, Aristos, Aron, Borenos, Bussard, Carolus) and their F2 hybrids obtained after crossing in a line × tester scheme where examined with respect to technological traits: water absorption, dough stability, dough elasticity, dough development, degree of softening, protein content, sedimentation value. In addition, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) polymorphism was examined in studied genotypes. Thirty-four 10-mer primers were tested and yielded 271 bands among 155 were polymorphic (57%). The data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance. Mahalanobis distances between genotypes, evaluated for all the studied traits treated simultaneously, were used as a measure of phenotypic distances between the genotypes. Genetic distances for all pairs of compared genotypes were calculated and a dendrogram was constructed using unweighted pair group method. Correlation between genotypic and phenotypic effects in set of wheat genotypes was positive, but not significant.


As recovery progresses in irradiated mice, colonies of hemopoietic cells become grossly visible on the spleen, the number of colonies being inversely related to radiation dose (1). In studying characteristics of the colony-forming units, Till, McCulloch, and others most frequently employ donor cells injected into lethally irradiated recipients (for example, 2, 3). For some purposes, however, it is appropriate to study colonies arising endogenously. It seemed to us that the endogenous colony counts might be used to advantage in estimating dose-reduction factors (DRF) for radioprotective agents. Mortality as a basis for DRF estimation has the obvious disadvantage that death is a remote effect of irradiation, subject to conditions which may be difficult or impossible to control. M\oreover, the period of approximately 30 days needed for completion of a test is considerably longer than the time required for protection to become apparent. Although granulocyte and lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood may be used for DRF estimation as early as 3 or 4 days after irradiation (4), these also are subject to extraneous influences, both physiological and technical. Reduction in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) would appear to be a more direct effect of irradiation than either death of the animal or leucopenia, and hence a preferable end point. Meaningful counts in untreated mice can be made over a dose range approximately equal in extent to the range yielding 1 % to 99 % mortality and have the advantage of being completed 10 days after irradiation. The distribution of endogenous colony counts is quite skewed, however, and a transformation is needed if the counts are to be used for DRF estimation.


Al-based marginal glass-formers such as Al 8 8 Fe 5 Y 7 often crystallise via the initial formation of large number densities of Al-nanocrystals. Previous work has indicated that nanocrystallisation in Al-based glasses is because of slow growth on quenched-in nuclei. In this paper, we present results on Al 9 2 Sm 8 that offer a confirmation of the importance of quenched-in nuclei. Quite surprisingly, some bulk glasses like Mg 6 5 Cu 1 5 Ag 1 0 Y 1 0 , also form comparably large number densities of nanocrystals on devitrification. Our observations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggest that nanocrystallisation in Mg 6 5 Cu 1 5 Ag 1 0 Y 1 0 is also related to sluggish growth on quenched-in nuclei.


Remanufacturing is the act of returning an end of life product to new condition with a warranty equivalent to new product. Remanufacturing is the only option that requires a full treatment process like new manufacture to guarantee the performance of the finished object. It is more appropriate for products that are technologically mature and where a large fraction of the product can be reused after refurbishment. Remanufacturing industries are related to the earthmoving, automotive parts, electronics, medical devices and information technology. The essential requirements for remanufacturing are sourcing end of life products, inspection, disassembly, component testing, remediation, repair or replacement, reassembly, assembly, testing and dispatch. Remanufacturing businesses have developed in response to a business opportunity. Remanufacturing is a technically feasible, environmental benefits and economically profitable. Remanufacturing has tremendous impact on India, it will affect severely its growing industry and large based consumers. The paper is focused on factors responsible for remanufacturing products. We have described the manufacturing and remanufacturing policy for the main scenario provide an approximation of the probability distribution used to determine the amount and rate of collected products present an algorithm for calculating the optimal manufacturing and remanufacturing capacities. We have developed a simple solution to estimate demand based remanufacturing cost.


We read with great interest the original article by Lemor et al. in the recent issue of Clinical Cardiology, titled, "Impact of Gender on In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Takotsubo syndrome: A Nationwide Analysis from 2006 to 2014" [1]. The authors report important racial and gender disparities among patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) from the large National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. We wish to highlight a few important points relevant to the article. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


chain model [4], the demand prediction of emergency rescue material based on ABSTRACT: In this research paper, the Grey-Markov chain model is proposed to solve the problem in the demand prediction of power emergency material. We first conducted preliminary prediction with the Grey model, and then proceeded to modify the prediction result with the Markov chain model. We also collected the data from 20 earthquakes, both in China and abroad and made predictions of three indexes including the households of power outage, crew in emergency maintenance and the number of damaged oil-immersed transformer. The test-ing results indicated that the Grey model can be separately used to predict the demand for the power emergency material, but the precision is not quite satisfying; the Markov chain model can modify the relative error of the Grey model, and the average absolute error of the three indexes decreased from 6.20%, 6.16% and 5.46% to 5.77%, 5.38% and 4.56%, respectively.


Teeth position shifting in the jaw arch has been achieved for a long time, using active removable orthodontic appliances. This technique has faced some technological advancement as seen with the creation of Invisalign transparent aligner systems, which features digitally conducted treatment plans. The outcome is, therefore, stored, analyzed, and modified through computer devices, using a 3-dimensional display. Meanwhile, the advantage of transparent aligners is seen in the ease of use, as manual adjustments are not needed during the treatment progression, as observed with the conventional removable appliances. At the initiation of treatment with digital 3-dimension, teeth movement is determined using a computer device, characterized by enhanced aesthetic physical appearance. This increases patients' interest in the subsequent use of appliance to produce the desired results, within the specified time frame. This literature study is, therefore, aimed at creating an insight on technological developments in the use of active orthodontic treatment, alongside conventional removable appliances.


In recent years, engineering areas and business application areas are incorporating computer support for process management for improving efficiency and cooperation. A process is a sequence of collaborative human activities for a certain goal. A process management system is effective for clarifying process structure, for managing current status of the process, and also for managing roles of participants and required resources. However, the problem is that the human activity is naturally hard to be predefined completely, and a framework for flexible process management is necessary. This thesis addresses a method for flexible process management based on asynchronous communication, which is communication in which the creation and the reference of a message is done in different time, and addresses the method for adapting dynamic design or modification of process specifications. A specification is a partial or entire description of a process, or that of a common part of several processes, and is a major factor for the effectiveness of process management. First, the message transaction model, which is a model for representing processes and various advanced transactions based on asynchronous communication, is proposed. By the model, a process which is created and executed in an ad-hoc manner can be easily captured by the system, since users' messages are the unit of management. For example, the messages for applying the room reservation and its reply can organize a process. Moreover, the process or an aggregation of messages in the model are given transactional behaviors such as abort and commit, and various dependencies employed in advanced transaction models are given between them. These approaches provide user-friendly operations for constructing transactions flexibly adapting the situation. Our approach provides dynamic (runtime), user-specified construction of advanced transactions such as nested transactions, by processing communication. Moreover, dynamic construction of transactions requires runtime checking of required properties, such as deadlock-free. Therefore, we show several theoretical conditions and complexity issues for checking such consistencies.


Previously, we reported a novel role of a secretory protein ILEI (also referred to as FAM3C) in modulation of Aβ metabolism. ILEI binds to the γ‐secretase complex and enhances non‐specific degradation of Aβ precursor protein (APP) C‐terminal fragments to suppress Aβ production without inhibiting γ‐secretase activity. In mammalian brain, ILEI is expressed in neuronal cells and localized in the trans‐Golgi network and the endocytic vesicles where Aβ is produced. Synaptosome fractionation analysis further indicated that ILEI is colocalized with APP and the γ‐secretase complex at the active zone‐docked synaptic vesicles. In this study, we investigated extracellular release of ILEI and Aβ.


Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schul.) Penn. is a native species from Caatinga biome, but due to disorderly exploitation for phytoteraphy industry, it is in danger of extinction. Recent researches report that the diversity of vegetal species in Brazilian semiarid regions, when meticulously assessed through methods that focus on properties of molecules from different plant structures, may present a high potential for the discovery and development of new antifungal substances. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of S. obtusifolium seeds treatment with Caesalpinia ferrea extract on the control of Colletotrichum sp. In each treatment, 100 seeds were inoculated with the pathogen through immersion in a suspension of Colletotrichum sp. conidia, and then subjected to the following treatments: Seeds without treatment and not inoculated (T1), seeds infected with Colletotrichum sp. (T2), infected seeds treated with captan fungicide (T3) and infected seeds treated with C. ferrea extract (T4). C. ferrea extract provided a higher protection to S. obtusifolium seeds and seedlings against Colletotrichum sp., indicating that it is a viable and sustainable biotechnological resource against pathogens and a promising molecule for the development of new antifungal substances.

 Key words: Antifungal activity, native species, alternative control.


Influenza remains a major cause of death and disability with limited treatment options. Studies of acute lung injury have identified angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) as a key prognostic marker and a potential mediator of Acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the role of Ang‐2 in viral pneumonia remains poorly defined. This study characterized the time course of lung Ang‐2 expression in severe influenza pneumonia and tested the therapeutic potential of Ang‐2 inhibition. We inoculated adult mice with influenza A (PR8 strain) and measured angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1), Ang‐2, and Tie2 expressions during the evolution of inflammatory lung injury over the first 7 days post‐infection (dpi). We tested a peptide‐antibody inhibitor of Ang‐2, L1‐7, administered at 2, 4, and 6 dpi and measured arterial oxygen saturation, survival, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cytokines, and viral load. Finally, we infected primary human alveolar type II epithelial (AT2) cells grown in air‐liquid interface culture with influenza and measured Ang‐2 RNA expression. Influenza caused severe lung injury between 5 and 7 dpi in association with increased Ang‐2 lung RNA and a dramatic increase in Ang‐2 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage. Inhibition of Ang‐2 improved oxygenation and survival and reduced pulmonary edema and alveolar‐capillary barrier permeability to protein without major effects on inflammation or viral load. Finally, influenza increased the expression of Ang‐2 RNA in human AT2 cells. The increased Ang‐2 levels in the airspaces during severe influenza pneumonia and the improvement in clinically relevant outcomes after Ang‐2 antagonism suggest that the Ang‐1/Ang‐2 Tie‐2 signaling axis is a promising therapeutic target in influenza and potentially other causes of viral pneumonia.


Melon seeds are shelled in a rotating impeller – a type of machine to obtain the cotyledons . The seeds exit the impeller and impact a cylindrical ring shelling the seeds. Because of the impact force, some of the seeds are broken, which would deteriorate in storage and make low er market value. An analytical method was used to determine the factors affecting the impact force on the ring. Experimental compression tests were carried out to determine the static force for break ing melon seeds. Some seeds were also shelled with an experimental shelling machine and the number of broken seeds was counted. A nalysis results showed that the factors affecting the impact force were impeller speed, seed cross-section area at impact and mass ratio. The mean force s for break ing melon seeds were 13.14×10 -3 N , 19.62×10 -3 N and 19.55×10 -3 N for orientations of breadth wise , lengthwise with tip up and lengthwise with tip down respectively. Keywords: i mpact force, melon seed s , shelling, analysis Citation: Okokon F. B., E. Ekpenyong, C. Nwaukwa, N. Akpan , and F. I. Abam. Impact f orce of m elon s eeds d uring s helling . Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(1): 182 - 188 .


The PLACES (Position Location and Communication Effects Simulations) test program, conducted in December 1980 at Elgin Gulf Test Range, involved a series of ionospheric releases of barium/barium-nitrate vapor. The program investigated effects of a structured ionospheric plasma (similar to that produced by a highaltitude nuclear detonation) on satellite rf links and provided in situ measurement of the plasma structure. Terrier-Tomahawk rocket systems boosted the barium carrier payloads, beacon payloads (plasma occultation experiment), and probe payloads (plasma in situ measurement). Drifting plasma tracking procedures, beaconand probe-vehicle targeting procedures, and vehicle flight test results are presented.


The invention provides an automatic multihole processing machine for outer bearing rings. The processing machine comprises a frame, at least one drilling machine, a feeding device, a releasing device, a positioning and clamping device and a discharging device, a fixing mounting plate is arranged on the frame vertically, the drilling machines are mounted on the fixing mounting plate, and a positioning seat is arranged at the bottom of the fixing mounting plate. The feeding device is arranged on the frame, the releasing device is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding device and provided with a swingable stop block, and the outer bearing rings are controlled by the stop block to be released one by one and roll into the positioning and clamping device; the positioning and clamping device which is horizontally coaxial with the positioning seat is provided projections capable of receiving the outer bearing rings, and the discharging device is arranged below the positioning seat. The automatic multihole processing machine is high in automation degree, the processing process is unaffected by operation level of workers, processing efficiency is improved effectively, drilling processing quality is guaranteed, labor intensity of workers can be lowered effectively, and personal safety of workers is guaranteed.


This chapter addresses Chaucer's chief model for the writing of universal history: the early fourteenth-century Anglo-Norman chronicle of Nicholas Trevet. The first section sketches out the overall nature of Trevet's world history, indicating its scope and showing what view it presents of English national identity, especially in terms of genealogical descent and territorial claims. It then turns to the Constance narrative that provided a model for the Man of Law's Tale, illustrating how Trevet's version highlights the role of language in the establishment of national identity, and in the mediating of fundamental changes in that national identity. Selected other passages in Trevet's work also illustrate the role of language in articulating the boundaries that separate nations and, sometimes, bring them together. The chapter closes by identifying what it is that Trevet's historical vision offers readers of Chaucer's histories, such as Troilus or the Knight's Tale: namely, a capacious temporal scope that makes room for a plural vision of multiple historical contexts—biblical, apostolic, Trojan, Roman, Theban, British, Saxon, and English.


The origins of psychology as a concern for understanding our own behavior and the behavior of other persons, is analyzed. The problems of "mind" and behavior were central in the work of Aristotle, Kant, Wundt, Freud, Watson, Piaget and Skinner. The philosophical emphasis was complemented by a scientific emphasis on the study of mind and behavior, that began over a hundred years ago. In the last century, psychology has given central relevance to scientific objectivity and experimentation. The paper presents the development of psychology from its philosophical roots to the contemporary scientific status. The "schools" of psychology


A computer-generated film illustrating eigenvalues in quantum mechanics is described. Dealing with the reduced radial wave equation in the s-wave case and a short-range central potential which supports three bound states, the film illustrates the behavior of solutions of the equation as the energy is allowed to vary continuously. The conditions which must be satisfied by physically acceptable solutions are presented and the film shows that such solutions arise only for certain discrete values of the energy. Stills from the film are presented and discussed, and details of the numerical methods involved in solving the wave equation are given.


Embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiac myocytes could be valid source for cell transplantation therapy. The primary goal of the present study is to explore the efficient method to obtain cardiac cells derived from ES cells. We examined the effects of conditioned medium from cultured cardiac cells of neonatal mouse on the differentiation of ES cells toward cardiac myocytes. When Nkx2.5-GFP knock-in ES cells were incubated in the medium extracted from cultured neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes, they showed more efficient differentiation to cardiac myocytes, compared with incubation in the control medium (6.8′1.6 vs 8.6′1.9%, n=4, p<0.05). Neonatal cultured myocytes may produce some paracrine factors which promotes ES cell differentiation to cardiac cells.


Contents: Foreword Nicolas Papadoupolos Introduction Giuseppe Bertoli and Riccardo Resciniti PART I: THE STUDIES ABOUT THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT 1. Country of Origin Effect: Research Evolution, Basic Constructs and Firm Implications Michela Matarazzo PART II: THE IMPACT OF THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT 2. Italy's Country Image and the Role of Ethnocentrism in Spanish and Chinese Consumer's Perceptions Tiziano Bursi, Bernardo Balboni, Silvia Grappi, Elisa Martinelli and Marina Vignola 3. Tourism Experience, Country Image and Post-visit Attitudes. A Study on International Tourists in Italy Alessandro De Nisco, Giada Mainolfi, Vittoria Marino and Maria Rosaria Napolitano 4. Italian Country Image: The Impact on Business Models and Relations in Chinese Business to Business Markets Elena Cedrola and Loretta Battaglia 5. What is the Link between Made in and Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs? The Value of Socially Oriented Behavior in the 'Hostile' Territories Alessandra De Chiara PART III: THE TOOLS TO EXPLOIT THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT 6. Distribution Channel Governance and Value of 'Made in Italy' Products in the Chinese Market Donata Vianelli, Patrizia De Luca and Guido Bortoluzzi 7. Country of Origin Effect, Brand Image and Retail Management for the Exploitation of 'Made in Italy' in China Tommaso Pucci, Christian Simoni and Lorenzo Zanni 8. The Role of Country of Origin in Supporting Export Consortia in Emerging Markets Fabio Musso, Barbara Francioni and Alessandro Pagano


It's known to all that the GPR can be used to detect the road surface vacancy.Nevertheless,the detection of the exact height of the road surface vacancy remains an unsolved problem.With the financial support by the Guangdong Geological Funds,the authors established the models for the road surface vacancy in accordance with the road structure and made tests. It is concluded that there exist positive correction between the amplitude of the GPR reflection and the height of the road surface vacancy.The formula for determining the height of the road surface vacancy by the Ground Penetrating Radar was thus established.This means is very practical because with the formula the detection of the road surface vacancy by the Ground Penetrating Radar becomes very fast and the precision can be ensured.


This paper presents a web-based expert system for wheat crop in Pakistan. Wheat is one of the major grain crops in Pakistan. It is cultivated in vast areas of Punjab followed by Sindh and ranked first as a cereal crop in the country. Our rule-based expert system covers two main classes of problems namely diseases and pests, normally encountered in wheat crop. The expert system is intended to help the farmers, researchers and students and provides an efficient and goal-oriented approach for solving common problems of wheat. The system gives results that are correct and consistent.


Paediatric wrist fractures are routinely managed with closed reduction and a molded cast. Gap(GI) and Cast indices(CI) are useful in predicting re-displacement following application of cast. Over 6 months we audited the efficacy of molded cast application following closed reduction of distal radial fractures in paediatric patients. The standard was that proposed by Malviya et al where GI >0.15 and CI >0.8 indicate an increased risk of re-displacement. Age, date and time of operation and surgeon9s grade were collected. Pre-op displacement, post-reduction GI and CI and subsequent re-displacement were measured using imaging. Post audit intended changes to practice were presented to all surgeons, a "one-pager" was placed above scrub sinks. Re-audit was conducted at 1 year. The audit and re-audit included 28 and 24 patients respectively. Cast molding (CI) improved minimally following intervention (32% to 29%). Cast padding (GI) improved significantly (82% to 63%). Loss of reduction decreased slightly (14% to 12%), this was not accurately predicted by GI and CI in the re-audit. Audit demonstrated that casts were loose, over-padded and did not hold reduction adequately. Re-audit demonstrated that tighter, less padded but still inadequately molded casts were being applied with minimal change in loss of reduction.


Introduction Survey data collection using multiple languages has increased dramatically with a greater interest in research concerning populations that speak different languages. Questionnaire translation, once viewed as only integral for international surveys (e.g., Ervin & Bower, 1952), is now needed even for surveys within a single country. In the United States, for example, it has become a standard practice to conduct surveys in both English and Spanish languages for scientific population-based data collection. Spanish has become a standard interview language in the United States for two reasons. First, the number of Latinos living in the United States has increased sharply. Persons reporting Latino origin grew from 35.3 million to 50.5 million between 2000 and 2010, corresponding to 13 and 16 percent of the total US population, respectively (Ennis, RíosVargas, & Albert, 2011). What sets Latinos apart from non-Latinos is their language use. According to the 2010 American Community Survey, close to 8 out of 10 Latinos aged 5 years or older spoke Spanish at home. Among those who spoke Spanish at home, nearly half reported speaking English less than "very well," which the US Census Bureau uses as a working definition of "linguistically isolated" (Ryan, 2013; Siegel, Martin, Bruno, Martin, & Siegel, 2001; see Chapter 3 for background information on the term "linguistically isolated," now referred to as "limited English speaking"). Second, English proficiency is associated with various educational, economic, health, and social behaviors (Institute of Medicine, 2003; Yu, Nyman, Kogan, Huang, & Schwalberg, 2004). Hence, interviewing only in English incurs CHAPTER 4


Arctic acoustic tomography requires a broadband source in the frequency range of 5–100 Hz. To meet this requirement, Teledyne Marine suggests applying a seismic source, recently developed for the Marine Vibrator Joint Industry Project. The source is considered to be less harmful for marine inhabitants and gives more precise and higher resolution imaging of the subsurface formations and structures. The coherent source is based on the application of an underwater, gas filled bubble resonator covered by an elastic membrane. The membrane supports high volume displacement. The sources are not sensitive to cavitation and to coupling effects. The fluid dynamics and acoustics of a spherical resonator are defined by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The buoyancy deforms the shape of a real bubble from spherical. The 3D simulation and experiments have shown that a cylindrical form is a practical engineering solution. It performances similar to a spherical bubble, keeps its shape and can be towed with a high speed. The Q-factor of a practical bubble resonator is ~10. Two systems are considered to cover a wide frequency band: a tunable resonator and a broadband multi-resonance system. The research proved that the bubble sound source is a practical solution for a frequency below 100 Hz.Arctic acoustic tomography requires a broadband source in the frequency range of 5–100 Hz. To meet this requirement, Teledyne Marine suggests applying a seismic source, recently developed for the Marine Vibrator Joint Industry Project. The source is considered to be less harmful for marine inhabitants and gives more precise and higher resolution imaging of the subsurface formations and structures. The coherent source is based on the application of an underwater, gas filled bubble resonator covered by an elastic membrane. The membrane supports high volume displacement. The sources are not sensitive to cavitation and to coupling effects. The fluid dynamics and acoustics of a spherical resonator are defined by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The buoyancy deforms the shape of a real bubble from spherical. The 3D simulation and experiments have shown that a cylindrical form is a practical engineering solution. It performances similar to a spherical bubble, keeps its shape and can be towed with a high speed. The...


A 0.003 mm2 5.2 mW/tap analog receive-side feedforward equalizer (RX-FFE) is demonstrated in 40 nm CMOS for up to 20 GBd ADC-based links. The FFE is constructed entirely with analog-inverter transconductors and capacitors, avoiding the use of area-intensive inductors. The delay element is implemented as a first-order Padé approximant of an ideal delay. The equalization performance is measured to be sufficient to relax the ADC resolution requirement by 1 bit. The total power consumed is less than 26 mW with less than 9.2 nV/√Hz output noise for all configurations.


Dr. PARKES WEBER said it was well known that hyperplasia-with or without actual tumour formation-of the suprarenal cortex in young females gave rise to the development of external masculine features, but that if the hormonic action in question had begun already, during intra-uterine life, the girl might be born with some degree of actual pseudohermaphroditism, that is to say, with congenital genito-urinary abnormalities of an externally masculine type, as in the present case.


The First Amendment to the United States' Constitution prohibits any abridgment of the freedom of speech. According to the consistent line of the Supreme Court's prece-dents, dating from 1931, the term "speech" encompasses non-verbal expressive conduct. Granting such symbolic speech constitutional protection can be justified with phenom-enological, axiological, and historical arguments. Nevertheless, the constitutional jurisprudence regarding symbolic speech has so far been a little inconsistent and haphazard. The article proposes an adjudicative model that could be applied to all symbolic speech cases, bringing greater coherence and predictability to judicial decisions in this area. The suggested procedure comprises five basic steps: preliminary analysis (assessing basic features of the law in question independent of any First Amendment-specific enqui-ries), application of the "Spence test", application of the doctrine of a categorical exclu-sion, intermediate scrutiny, and strict scrutiny.


Different sizes(40~60nm; 10nm)mutil-wall carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)were exposed into Wistar rats using intravenous injection administration modes. Nano-silica(SiO2)and acetylene carbon black(Cb)were used as the positive and negative control, respectively. The results show that obvious histopathologic changes have been observed in the structure of lung tissue, when 1, 3, 5mg·kg-1 carbon nanotubes was put into the body of rats, however, other tissues of rats including kidney, liver and stomach are almost in normal. Although enormous differences are in lung between rodent animals and human beings, the potential risk of exposure to MWNTs needs to pay attention.


The utility model discloses an autonomous control underwater robot based on image processing. The autonomous control underwater robot based on the image processing comprises an underwater robot body, a shore-based device communicating with the underwater robot body through cable, a driving device, an ore acquisition device, and an information collecting device, wherein the driving device, the ore acquisition device and the information collection device are arranged on the underwater robot body. The driving device receives control signals of the shore-based device, and controls the rotation state and the speed of a corresponding motor. The ore acquisition device accepts the control of the shore-based device and achieves the works of collecting, moving, carrying, fixed-point releasing and unloading of underwater object blocks. The information collecting device sends back collected location video signals of the ore acquisition device and the underwater object blocks to the shore-based device, and the shore-based device achieves real time changes of the moving posture of the underwater robot body according to the received video signals. The autonomous control underwater robot based on the image processing utilizes flying rocker movement control and scale model mechanical control to accurately achieve the actions of capturing, specified-location placing and the like, and utilizes vertical double-pushing balance system so that load task is convenient to carry out.


The study targeted medicinal and aromatic plants in the Al-Wardia region located in the Green Mountain in northeastern Libya, where the plants in them were counted and the most commonly used medicinal and aromatic plants in folk medicine were evaluated, and 70 types of medicinal plants were collected in the study area. Through a survey of these plants and their distribution to the local population and perfumers within the study area and the application of statistical analysis, it was found that the most used medicinal and aromatic plants are Thymus capitatus L, Salvia fruticosa L, Retama raetum (Forsk.) Webb, Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Monch., Peganum hamala L, Chamomilla aurea (Loefl.) Gax ex Cossn & kralik . Ziziphus lotus (L.) lam Salvia fruticosa L Ceratonia siliqua L. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Monch The study Where the study showed that the estimated quantities sold of them ranged from the apple and the Shahi apple per year, which is equivalent to its value 3000,2400 dl, in addition to knowing its anatomical structure using the Libyan flora.


The effects on lumbar movement and intra-abdominal pressure of erection of hydraulic props by three methods at different working heights have been studied. Lifting in a squatting position and when on one knee was accompanied by greater trunk stress than when kneeling on both knees. At 3 ft 6 in. (107 cm) working height the magnitudes of lumbar movements and abdominal pressure increases were much less than those at 4 ft 6 in. (137 cm), a difference greater than could be explained by consideration of external work done. The results indicate that the optimum method of prop erection has yet to be evolved, and show that prop erection at 4 ft 6 in. (137 cm) working height by some methods may be unduly hazardous.


Author(s): Shin, Christina Borom | Advisor(s): Szumlinski, Karen K | Abstract: Incubation of craving is the phenomenon in which craving intensifies over the course of abstinence. Although understanding craving may be key in understanding why relapse occurs, not much is known about craving, especially the underlying mechanisms that occur in the brain. Clinical and preclinical models have recently implicated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as one of the key regions in this phenomenon. In order to further characterize this region's role in incubation, a variety of behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular techniques are used to examine how withdrawal from long access cocaine self-administration directly affects the glutamatergic system. The series of experiments detailed in this dissertation aim to: (1) characterize extracellular glutamate fluctuations in the vmPFC during the incubation of cocaine-seeking, (2) characterize metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) 2/3 changes during both short term and long term withdrawal, and (3) to determine the functional relevance of endogenous glutamate in the two subregions of the vmPFC. Taken together, these experiments suggest that although there seem to be no changes in mGlu2/3 at either point of withdrawal, glutamate in the prelimbic cortex of the vmPFC is functionally relevant in the incubation of cocaine seeking. Together, these results suggest pharmacotherapeutic strategies geared toward damping excitatory glutamate drive within corticofugal projections from the prelimbic cortex may be effective to prevent incubated cue-induced craving during protracted abstinence.


We present a new cluster-finding algorithm based on a combination of the Voronoi Tessellation and Friends-Of-Friends methods. The algorithm utilises probability distribution functions derived from a photometric redshift analysis. We test our algorithm on a set of simulated cluster-catalogues and have published elsewhere its employment on UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey infrared J and K data combined with 3.6 µm and 4.5 µm Spitzer bands and optical BV Ri ′ z ′ imaging from the Subaru Telescope. This pilot study has detected clusters over 0.5 square degrees in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Field. The resulting cluster catalogue contains 13 clusters at redshifts 0.61 ≤ z ≤ 1.39 with luminosities 10L * ∼ < Ltot ∼ < 50L * .


Solute-linked cotransporter, SLC4A11, a member of the bicarbonate transporter family, is an electrogenic H+ transporter activated by NH3 and alkaline pH. Although SLC4A11 does not transport bicarbonate, it shares many properties with other members of the SLC4 family. SLC4A11 mutations can lead to corneal endothelial dystrophy and hearing deficits that are recapitulated in SLC4A11 knock-out mice. SLC4A11, at the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitates glutamine catabolism and suppresses the production of mitochondrial superoxide by providing ammonia-sensitive H+ uncoupling that reduces glutamine-driven mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in SLC4A11 KO also triggers dysfunctional autophagy and lysosomes, as well as ER stress. SLC4A11 expression is induced by oxidative stress through the transcription factor NRF2, the master regulator of antioxidant genes. Outside of the corneal endothelium, SLC4A11's function has been demonstrated in cochlear fibrocytes, salivary glands, and kidneys, but is largely unexplored overall. Increased SLC4A11 expression is a component of some "glutamine-addicted" cancers, and is possibly linked to cells and tissues that rely on glutamine catabolism.


Internet is a part of everyday life and most people are now used to shopping online. This in turn has led to the fact that companies with traditional stores lack knowledge of what their customers w ...


According to the present situation of sugarcane industry in Hainan,sugarcane varieties 'ROC10','YT 92/126' and 'YT 93/159' were selected for comparison trial.Sugarcane 'YT93/159' showed a rather higher tillering capacity and a higher number of millable stalks per ha,and yielded higher and earlier with higher sugar content than the other varieties.According to the average performance of sugarcane from various locations in milling season for years,this variety had a higher sugarcane stalk yield(increased by 26.6 % and 9.11 % respectively),a higher sucrose content(0.23 and 0.26 percentage points higher) and a higher sugar yield(31.86 % and 39.48 % higher) than the control 'ROC10' and the variety 'YT92/126'.Moreover,performance and economic analysis of sugarcane 'YT93/159' also showed that this variety was well adapted to the localities with an obvious increase in yield and sugar content.This variety hence merits commercial extension,and some suggestions are brought out about commercial extension of this variety.


Silicon dioxide films were deposited by the (industrially applied) expanding thermal plasma technique using a gas mixture of argon-oxygen-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) and at deposition rates in the range of 5-23 nm/s. The films composition was investigated by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering. The composition was close to that of thermal oxide, with only a small residual hydrogen content of 2 at.%. The surface passivation of the silicon dioxide films was tested on 1.3Omegacm n-type FZ crystalline silicon wafers. A good level of surface passivation of 54 cm/s was reached after a 15 minute forming gas anneal at 600 degC


The development of novel drive motor applied in electric vehicle is reviewed. The advantages and defects of several kinds of the motor developed in recent years are summarized. And the features of drive motor in electric vehicles are analyzed.


Existing business models require RFID tag to transfer its ownership during its life cycle. As a result, a RFID tags might have many owners during its life cycle. However, the transfer of ownership should ensure that previous owners have no information about current owner's data. Physical ownership does not ensure digital ownership transfer given the wireless nature of communication with RFID tags. Most of the proposed protocol in this nature is implacable to address all existing RFID tag ownership transfer scenarios. Moreover, they have many security concerns and vulnerabilities. In this paper, we have investigated and discussed all existing business cases and their transfer scenarios. To cover all ownership transfer scenarios, we have presented an ownership transfer protocol. The proposed protocol has used modified Diffie-Hellman algorithm to perform ownership request validation and authentication of involved parties. Performance comparison shows that our protocol is practical to implement passive low-cost RFID tags, securely performs tag ownership transfer and can be used for all existing ownership transfer scenarios.


In sonochemistry the effects of high power ultrasound in liquids are harnessed for chemical benefit. Apart from streaming, which induces local mixing in the process medium, the main sonophysical effect is cavitation, which not only enhances local mass transfer, but brings about mechanical damage at solid-liquid interfaces, localised extremes of temperature and pressure (the 'hot-spot' mechanism), and transient electrical effects. Depending upon the process in question, these effects manifest themselves in increased reaction rate, easier initiation, less extreme process conditions and changes in reaction path or selectivity. For some technologists, perhaps less familiar with recent advances, there remain, some questions regarding the usefulness of ultrasound to developing processes and the feasibility of using the technique at scale in demanding industrial environments. It is these two questions which are addressed in the paper.


A marine diesel engine was discovered that different tone came out of the booster.After the demolition,the damaged valve residual materials was found in the catching on the nozzle ring.And the booster was broken by intake valve disc off the block.By means of macroscopic examination,chemical composition analysis,mechanical property testing,metallographic examination and hardness testing,the failure reasons of the value were analyzed.The results showed that the failure of valve was caused by hot-corrosion fatigue of high-temperature oxidation.Finally,some suggestions for current valve technology were proposed.


We present a study of hadronic transitions between Υ(mS) (m = 4, 3, 2) and Υ(nS) (n = 2, 1) resonances based on 347.5 fb^(-1) of data taken with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings.
We report the first observation of Υ(4S) → ηΥ(1S) decay with a branching fraction [script B](Υ(4S) → ηΥ(1S)) = (1.96±0.06_(stat)±0.09_(syst))×10^(-4) and measure the ratio of partial widths Γ(Υ(4S) → ηΥ(1S))/Γ(Υ(4S) → π^+π^-Υ(1S))=2.41±0.40_(stat)±0.12_(syst). We set 90% CL upper limits on the ratios Γ(Υ(2S) → ηΥ(1S))/Γ(Υ(2S) → π^+π^-Υ(1S))<5.2×10^(-3) and Γ(Υ(3S) → ηΥ(1S))/Γ(Υ (3S) → π^+π^-Υ(1S))<1.9×10^(-2). We also present new measurements of the ratios Γ(Υ(4S) → π^+π^-Υ(2S))/Γ(Υ(4S) → π^+ π^-Υ(1S))=1.16±0.16_(stat)±0.14_(syst) and Γ(Υ(3S) → π^+π^-Υ(2S))/Γ(Υ(3S) → π^+ π^-Υ(1S))=0.577±0.026_(stat)±0.060_(syst).


Q α P z y d n O f g.5: Geometry of the imaging system. t s r v v v t s r α g.6: Computing ~ v t , the normal to the plane .


This paper describes a fully three-dimensional deterministic propagation model based on a radar cross-section analysis of terrain pixels and building walls. The model utilises a variable resolution terrain database as well as a buildings database to predict signal strength, time dispersion and fading information, in addition to providing spatial information (e.g. arrival angles) for the propagation channel. It considers scattering from illuminated terrain pixels and building walls as well as considering off-axis terrain and rooftop diffraction contributions. The model can be particularly useful for integrating macrocells and microcells e.g. predicting interference in a microcell due to a nearby macrocell or vice versa. Signal strength predictions from the model show good agreement with narrowband measurements for a rural macrocell. The effects of buildings and foliage in the propagation channel are investigated, and reveal that large errors can result if these effects are ignored. The accuracy improvement of the 3-D analysis over the simpler 2-D approach is also demonstrated.


_________________________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training provided to emergency nurses regarding applying intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal site. Materials and methods: The research was quasiexperimental, performed with a single group and pre-test/post-test sequence. One hundred sixty-one nurses' ventrogluteal site knowledge levels, frequency of using the ventrogluteal site, and the accurate ventrogluteal site detection rates on the model were evaluated three months after baseline and training. Results: The nurses' mean knowledge scores after training was significantly higher than before training (t=12.323; p=0.001). While using the ventrogluteal site was 37.9%, and the rate of accurate detection of the site on the model was 8.3%, these rates were found to be 54.6% and 48.1%, respectively, after the training. Conclusion: Although the training increased the knowledge level and accurate detection rates, it did not statistically affect the frequency of use of the site.


Traffic Management and Collision Investigation is an introductory textbook on the subject consisting of 17 chapters covering topics such as collision scene management; driving while intoxicated; collision reconstruction; the hydroplaning phenomenon; collecting, quantifying, and recording collision evidence; traffic supervision; and traffic enforcement techniques, to highlight some of the major subjects. The bibliography is brief, with only 17 citations over the years 1947 to 1980.


INFLUENCE OF CANAL PREPARATION WITH PROGRESSIVELY VS. MINIMALLY TAPERED INSTRUMENTS ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF MANDIBULAR MOLARS: A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Michael J. Smoljan, D.D.S Marquette University, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Several file systems have been recently introduced with the objective of preserving coronal dentin. There is limited research comparing the role of canal shaping on preservation of pericervical dentin and its role in fracture resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of minimal canal taper on residual tooth strength and stress distribution after root canal treatment. METHODS: Two pre-accessed mandibular molar TruTeeth (Acadental Endo 3DP, Lenexa, KS) were subject to simulated endodontic treatment in this study. One tooth was instrumented with ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK) to F2 (25/0.08v progressive taper) in the mesial canals and F3 (30/0.09v progressive taper) in distal canals using manufacturer protocol. The other tooth was instrumented with V-Taper 2H (SSWhite Dental, Lakewood, NJ) to 25/0.06v (minimal taper) in mesial canals and 30/0.06v (minimal taper) in the distal canals. The two teeth were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT,) and STL (stereolithography) surface meshes were developed for Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Four models were evaluated assessing the type of instrumentation and presence of resin access filling. The results of the FEA provided quantitative and qualitative measurements for Von Mises (VM) stress distribution and total deformation. RESULTS: Under a 200-N multipoint load, the maximum VM stress was greater in the Pro-Taper Gold prepared models than in the V-Taper 2H prepared models. The models without an access restoration had higher total deformation values than the models with a resin filled access. In all models, total deformation values were highest in the clinical crown on the buccal aspect of the tooth. The greatest stress values were found in the pericervical dentin, and stresses decreased apically through the root. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the maximum stress values within the tooth prepared by ProTaper Gold were higher than those in the tooth prepared by V-Taper 2H. The minimally invasive instrumentation of the V-Taper 2H system preserves more pericervical dentin which may increase the resistance to fracture.


T IS a tribute to Leon Trotsky's standing that his ideas are still widely discussed. If the number for the wishful thinking that led Trotsky to believe it opportune to declare a new international movement, the so-called Fourth International. His tendency to see every political setback as but a crisis of leadership is also much disparaged for its oversimplicity. It is argued here that Trotsky both reflected and encouraged an even worse tendency amongst the radical Left, namely an almost total myopia about the most significant of all developments in the 20th century, the ecological crisis. It is the most serious, all-embracing challenge of our times. Global overwarming is only one of many symptoms of dangerous planetary disorder. Not only did Trotsky fail to anticipate the most serious failing in the dominant social and economic order, he actually endorsed technologies, lifestyle choices and policy goals that could only serve to increase the unsustainable impact of humankind on the Earth's life-support systems. (The threat from nuclear war will not be discussed since, fortunately, it remains only a possibility whereas ecological meltdown is an actuality.)


This report presents the results of the Heavy Reading Cloud-Native 5G Core Operator Survey conducted in December 2020 and January 2021. The focus is on the 3GPP packet core, associated cloud infrastructure platforms, and end-user services. "Cloud native" is not tightly defined in the context of this report, but is generally taken to mean network functions deployed in containers and centrally orchestrated.


In order to improve the corrosive properties of Fe-Mn alloys,Cr was added to the Fe-Mn alloys.The damping properties of Fe-19Mn,Fe-17Mn-2Cr and Fe-16Mn6Cr alloys were measured using reversal torsion pendulum.The corrosive properties were tested using loss-in-weight method in 3%NaCl solution and the microstructures were observed using OLYMPUS microscope.The result indicated that when torsional strain amplitude changes from 0.5×10~(-4) to 5.5×10~(-4),the variation tendency of the three alloys all increases linearly.The damping capacity of Fe-19Mn alloy is better than Fe-17Mn-2Cr and Fe-16Mn-6Cr,both of whose damping capacity are almost the same.The addition of Cr can enhance the corrosive properties of Fe-Mn alloys to some extent.


Abstract By using the CIPP model, evaluation indexes are determined to construct an evaluation system for industry-education integrated financial accounting education. The expert authority coefficient is used to assess the degree of authority level of consulting experts, combined with Kendall's harmonious coordination coefficient to coordinate data differences. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the teaching mode of industry-education integration in higher vocational institutions. Combining fuzzy mathematical affiliation, vector and matrix, the fuzzy relationship matrix set of the input of the integration of industry and education in a higher vocational institution is analyzed and the performance of the integration of industry and education is rated. The results show that the overall evaluation value of the integration performance is 76.9433, which is "good" and can be regarded as a good level of integration performance. In the analysis of the practicality of the teaching materials, 35.7% of the students thought that the course knowledge was not practical.


Summary: This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of steroid therapy on the long‐term clinical course in progressive IgA nephropathy with persistent massive proteinuria of ≤ 1.0 g/day. From 1972 to 1986, 109 patients with persistent massive proteinuria who were continuously followed up during a 10 year period. Seventy‐seven of these patients had moderate proteinuria of 1‐2 g/day and the remaining 32 patients had heavy proteinuria of more than 2 g/day. the 109 patients were divided into three groups according to the grade of renal function and histological severity: group 1 (58 cases), preserved renal function (creatinine clearance rate [Ccr] ≤ 70 mL/min) and moderate to severe histology (total score ≤ 7); group 2 (35 cases), decreased renal function (Ccr >70 mL/min) and moderate to severe histology; and group 3 (16 cases), preserved renal function and mild histology (total score ≥ 6). Fifty‐five patients received steroid therapy for 2 years, followed by an anti‐platelet drug therapy until the completion of the study. Fifty‐four patients were treated with only an anti‐platelet drug therapy for the duration of the study. There were no significant differences in renal function and renal survival rates over the 10 year period between the steroid‐treated and the non‐steroidtreated groups. Among the moderately proteinuric patients of group 1, the 20 steroid‐treated patients showed significantly favourable clinical courses compared to the 26 non‐steroid‐treated patients of the same group. the 12 heavily proteinuric, steroid‐treated patients of the group 1 also showed significantly favourable courses compared to those 26 moderately proteinuric, non‐steroid patients. However, all but one patient in group 2, (with and without steroid therapy) went into end‐stage renal failure within the 10 year follow‐up period. These results indicate that corticosteroid treatment has a long‐term beneficial effect for the stabilization of renal function in progressive IgA nephropathy with massive proteinuria ≤ 1.0 g/day, when patients have preserved renal function of 70 mL/min or more in initial Ccr values.


This paper presents two-degree-of-freedom robust control for permanent magnet linear servo system of numerically controlled machine tool. First, on the basis of building the system state space model, the design of speed controller is converted into a standard H_∞ control problems. Second, with the help of LMI approach, a output feedback Sub-optimal H_∞ controller is obtained. Finally, an H_∞ optimal controller is gained by solving a convex optimization problem so as to guarantee system robustness. The results of simulation indicate that the linear servo system with this controller has a good performance for restraint disturbance as well as for track of input signal.


A set-up for the calibration of a heterodyne laser-vibrometer is described. By a distinctive optical set-up it is possible to use the laser of the device under test as the single source for the calibration device. In this way many difficulties of the optical adjustment usually encountered in set-ups for laser-vibrometer calibration are avoided and exceptionally low measurement uncertainties are achieved. This article describes the set-up for the case of a commercially available device which is additionally modified to provide the means for primary traceability. The measurement results are discussed for the analogue output usually used in industrial applications as well as for the output of the photodetector signal, which is used if the device is part of a primary calibration system. Special attention is given to the provisions necessary to achieve low measurement uncertainties.


We can never be sure anyone else is sentient. But we can be sure enough in the case of other people, nonhuman primates, mammals, birds, fish, lower vertebrates and invertebrates as to make scepticism academic and otiose (not to mention monumentally cruel). The only genuinely uncertain kinds of cases are jellyfish, microbes and plants. The rest is not about whether but what they are feeling. Stevan Harnad is Professor of cognitive science at Universite du Quebec a Montreal and University of Southampton. His research is on category learning, language evolution, consciousness, and open access. Founder and former editor of the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Harnad is becoming increasingly active in the problems of animal welfare, animal rights and animal law. http://bit.ly/StevanHarnadUQAM The only substantive points on which I might disagree with Tim Racine (2016) are all in his second paragraph: 1. Racine criticizes the "Cartesian split between mind and behavior." But having a mind just means having mental states. Mental states just means felt states. And feeling is not the same thing as doing (behavior). So there is indeed a split between feeling and doing. 2. Racine suggests that "there is no certainty per se in the first person case." I think there certainly is. I can be certain that I am feeling whatever I am feeling when I am feeling it. It is only others who cannot be certain I am feeling anything (and I, that others are feeling anything). So I do indeed assume that "we can only be sure about our own minds but have to rely on inference for the minds of others": inference from what they (and their brains) do as well as from what they say (if they can talk). So we can't be sure others are feeling. But we can be sure enough in the case of other people, other primates, other mammals, birds, fish, lower vertebrates and invertebrates as to make scepticism academic and otiose (not to mention monumentally cruel). The only genuinely uncertain kinds of cases are jellyfish, microbes and plants. The rest is not about whether but what they are feeling. 3. I don't know what "mental concepts" are, so I don't know what it would mean that although they "essentially involve feelings, many do not." If the "many" refers to mental states (rather than to "mental concepts," whatever that might mean) then all Animal Sentience 2016.098: Harnad Response to Racine on Other Minds 2 mental states are felt states, hence "essentially involve feelings." If what is meant by "mental concepts" is states like thinking something, believing something, knowing something, understanding something, meaning something, etc. then, yes, those are felt states too, whilst I'm actually thinking, believing, knowing, understanding, or meaning something. It feels like something to think, believe, know, understand or mean that today is Tuesday. I never had much of a feel for philosophers' "nonoccurrent beliefs" such as my (now occurrent, but a moment ago non-occurrent) belief that today is Tuesday. It feels like something to be believing that today is Tuesday when I'm actually believing it. At other times I would call that information that is encoded in my brain; information I am likely to consult, if asked. That would make it previously an "offline" cerebral state but not a felt one, hence not a mental one, until it came "online" and I felt it. But because both happen in the brain, confusion is invited... Or perhaps by "mental concepts" Racine means our concepts about the nature of mental states. Well, it certainly feels like something to be having concepts (beliefs, etc.) about the nature of mental states, although many of those concepts today are still murky. On concepts about whether and what mental states others might be in, see (2) above. 4. Racine writes: "whereas we have a pretty good sense of what people mean when they claim they know what an object feels like, it is less clear what a felt mental state consists of (other than typically being accompanied by a verbal report or characteristic pattern of behavior as in other mental states)." Well we know a bit more than that. If someone says or acts as if they feel an itch, we have a pretty good sense of what they mean (if they are telling the truth). And it does not mean "a verbal report or characteristic pattern of behavior." It means what it feels like to feel an itch. Ditto for believing that today is Tuesday. The rest of Racine's commentary seems to agree that we can indeed often correctly infer whether another organism is sentient, and even what it is feeling and thinking, though not with certainty. Our own language, thinking and reasoning of course play a role in this mind- reading capacity, as do our observational skills, felt experiences and perhaps even our "mirror neurons" (whatever – if anything – they may be doing to generate our telepathic skills) (Gallese 2013). References Gallese, V. (2013) Mirror neurons, embodied simulation and a second-person approach to mindreading. Cortex 49(10): 2954-2956. Harnad, S. (2016) Animal sentience: The other-minds problem. Animal Sentience 2016.001 Racine, T. (2016) The grounds for animal subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Animal Sentience 2016.093


Abstract:  Ultraviolet irradiation causes adverse effects like sunburn, photosensitivity reactions or immunologic suppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo‐protective outcome of a sunscreen cream (SPF8) by the determination of erythema indexes and the assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis. These substances were used as markers of oxidative effect. Eight healthy female subjects were enrolled in this study. Two abdominal areas were exposed to solar simulated irradiation with three minimal erythema dose, one with SPF8 application and the other site without SPF8 application. Two other areas were used as control, one without SPF8 application and the other site after SPF8 application. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites (dehydroascorbic acid, threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose) were collected from human dermis by microdialysis and assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Irradiated site without sunscreen application had significantly demonstrated lower dermis ascorbic acid concentrations and a higher erythema index than the three other sites (P < 0.05). Threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose dermis concentrations were significantly higher in site III than in the control site I (P < 0.05). The protected‐irradiated site did not show erythema formation and there was stability of ascorbic acid dermis concentrations with non‐variation in its metabolites. The assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis could be an efficient tool to demonstrate the oxidative process and consequently to control the efficiency of sunscreen creams against undesirable UV effects.


Low power consumption is always a goal in the design and manufacture of digital circuits. It allows increases in performance, stability, better operational costs and overall battery time among other benefits. Many low power design techniques have been proposed in the past for clocked designs. However, the clock itself is a major element which consumes power and produces heat. The latest trend in low power design approach is to eliminate the clock source from the architecture as it consumes most of the power. This is known as asynchronous design. The prime focus of this study was to utilize existing ASIC design tools for design and analysis of asynchronous circuits. The circuits are implemented with the help of a hardware description language (HDL) using Delay Insensitive Minterm Synthesis (DIMS) technique and simulated using Mentor Graphics ModelSim. Four phase, dual-rail asynchronous design protocol is used. The results showed that four phase, dual-rail clockless circuits using Muller-C element are easy to implement through HDL language using DIMS technique, because it is simple for synthesis of dual rail functional blocks and the advantage is that the designs are strong condition Quasi Delay Insensitive (QDI). Furthermore it has been established that an existing ASIC design tool flow can be used to design clockless circuits on a larger scale.


Concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from 10 background locations in rural area in China for canister samples collected from April 2010 to Aug 2011.Results showed that the concentrations of VOCs in the 10 sites were in the range of(3.82±2.96) μg · m-3 to(22.74±3.60) μg · m-3.Compared with other countries and regions,VOCs concentrations of the background locations air were at a low level.Basically,the concentrations of VOCs in the eastern areas were higher than those of western rural areas.Seasonal variation of VOCs was analyzed at five sampling sites.Except for Chengde,in summer,the VOCs concentrations were higher than those in winter in Changdao,Wulong,Qushui and Qinghaihu because the temperature is much higher in summer.The results of preliminary source analysis show that natural combustion and local pollution induce the pollution of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of our background locations.


In this paper, we performed an experiment with activated carbon manufactured from waste coffee grounds on the compressive strength of normal cement mortars. The activated carbon reinforcement was manufactured from waste coffee grounds, and the collected coffee grounds were then transformed into activated carbon granules through the physical activation process. The activated carbon/cement composites were prepared by mixing cement with activated carbon granules with the weight fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5%, and 10% cement. The experimental results show that adding activated carbon up to 1.5 wt% increased the early strength of cement mortars. Furthermore, we found that the composites incorporated with a small amount of activated carbon (≤1.5 wt%) had higher compressive strength over the curing period than the normal cement without activated carbon. We believe that these results would potentially have commonalities with morphological symmetry phenomena that occur on the surfaces of activated carbon granules.


Use of a compound fabric softener. USE OF AN AGENT STAIN REMOVER IN A COMPOUND fabric softener comprising at less than 1% of a quaternary ammonium material comprising a compound having two C12-28 ALKYL GROUP OR GROUPS ALQUENILES connected via DESCRIBED ESTER LINKED TO A hydrocarbon chain which is connected to the nitrogen atom Quaternary.


Objective: To assess the medial plantar nerve action potential (NAP) and skin biopsy in the evaluation of suspected distal sensory neuropathies (SN) with normal routine nerve conduction studies (NCS). Methods: A total of 110 consecutive patients with suspected distal SN and normal routine NCS underwent medial plantar NAP testing and punch skin biopsy. Patients were clinically stratified as having pure small fiber sensory neuropathy (SFSN), or distal SN with large fiber involvement (SN-LFI). Results: A total of 56 patients were classified as SN-LFI and 54 SFSN. The medial plantar NAP, a measure of large fiber function, was abnormal in 31.8% of patients, more frequently in SN-LFI than SFSN. Distal leg epidermal nerve fiber (ENF) density, a measure of small fibers, was reduced in 47.3% of biopsies, with isolated ENF morphologic changes in 29.1% and normal findings in 23.6%. Biopsy abnormalities were more severe and prevalent in SN-LFI than in SFSN. In patients with a normal medial plantar NAP, distal leg biopsy showed reduced ENF density in 34.7%, and isolated morphologic changes in a further 37% of cases. Conclusions: The medial plantar nerve action potential and skin biopsy are complementary in evaluation of distal SN with normal routine NCS. Small sensory nerve fibers are affected early in SN, and more severely so when large fiber involvement is apparent clinically.


A phase splitter circuit includes a first signal transfer path for receiving an input signal to output a first output signal, a second signal transfer path for receiving the input signal to output a second output signal having an inverted phase of the first output signal, and a duty cycle correction circuit for controlling pull-up and pull-down speeds of the first and second signal transfer paths to the opposite direction in response to the first and second output signals. According to this structure, duty cycles of the first and second output signals approach 50% and a skew or delay time therebetween approaches "0."


The treatment of waste to produce raw materials is an important topic of research because the waste is a very abundant renewable resource. Purified flue gas and otherwise useless polyethylene waste have been highlighted as possible sustainable raw materials, thus minimizing waste and emissions and protecting the environment. The use of flue gas in this way could reduce CO2 emissions by 1.9 106 kmol/a. This study uses an applied X-conversion junction technique which includes better raw material conversion for syngas production from waste because it can control the reactants and catalyst. This X-conversion junction technique is carried out in two steps and based on the following applied novelties, with environmental benefits.


The catalyst, synthetic technology and synthesis installation for producing DPC are reviewed. It is thought that the foundation research of preparing DPC by transesterification should be strengthened, and the industrialization of the technology should be accelerated.


The purpose of the present study to investigate relationships among family background factors (i. e. adolescents` sex, mother`s educational level and employment status. family`s SES, and family types), mother-adolescent communication patterns and ego-identity development of adolescents. The subjects were 169 mother-adolescent dyads living in Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, Mean, ANOVA, Duncan`s multiple range test, Pearson`s product-moment correlation, regression analysis, ANCOVA, and Cronbach`s α. The results were as follows: (1) Significant differences of the adolescents were between family`s SES and open communication patterns, between family types and problematic communication patterns. (2) Significant differences of the mothers were between family`s SES and open communication patterns, and among family`s SES, mother`s educational level and problematic communication patterns. (3) There were significant differences in ego-identity of adolescents according to family`s SES. (4) There were significant relationships between mother-adolescent communication patterns and the ego-identity development of adolescents. (5) The most influential variable explaining adolescents` ego-identity development was found to be problematic communication patterns perceived by adolescents. Family background factors and mother`s communication patterns were not found to have significant effects.


The system under consideration is the Josephson junction circuit model with the supercurrent depending on the voltage. All terms other than the supercurrent are treated as small perturbation. It is found that the unperturbed system has heteroclinic orbits. Melnikov's method is then applied to show the possibility of transition to chaos. By evaluating the upper bounds of the integrals in the Melnikov function, we derive the necessary conditions for transition to chaos.