This special issue of Networks is dedicated to the seventh conference of the EURO Working Group on Vehicle Routing and Logistics Optimization (VeRoLog 2019) held in Seville, Spain, on June 2 to 6, 2019. The event brought together the large community of researchers and practitioners interested in vehicle routing optimization and its relationship with logistics. Specifically, the meeting saw the participation of more than 200 people from five continents. As in previous VeRoLog conferences, the scientific program was rich and included two plenary talks about designing routes for vehicles and drivers and the importance of routing at Amazon.com, two tutorials related to the efficient implementation in this field and variants, formulations and exact methods for multi-trip vehicle routing problems, and two brainstorming sessions organized by companies active in vehicle routing optimization. Furthermore, 173 high-quality methodological contributions, relevant real-world applications, and case studies from industry and the service sector were presented in 35 parallel sessions. The special issue collects an important selection of these contributions covering various aspects of the research on vehicle routing and its applications. Cabrera et al. propose an exact method based on a recursive depth-first search procedure, known as the pulse algorithm, to solve the constrained shortest path problem. This problem consists of finding a minimum-cost sequence of arcs on a directed network that satisfies knapsack-type constraints on the resource consumption over the arcs. One of the key contributions of the proposal lies in a bidirectional search strategy leveraging on parallelism for the solution. In addition, the pulse-based heuristic quickly finds near-optimal solutions and shows great potential for column generation schemes. The authors present computational experiments over large real-road networks. Triki et al. focus on an extension of the winner determination problem (WDP) which integrates the auction-based transportation procurement process with the decisions related to the production scheduling. The original problem arises when a manufacturer has to clear a combinatorial auction in order to decide whether to satisfy his transportation needs by using the owned fleet or to procure them through the auction. This new variant includes an additional decision level by integrating the WDP with production scheduling in order to gain efficiency and achieve savings in the logistics system. The authors propose a mathematical formulation and develop two heuristic approaches for solving the integrated problem. To validate this novel model, they report extensive computational experiments and sensitivity analysis, to assess the performance of the heuristics and to show the effect of integration on the total cost. Schermer et al. study the traveling salesman problem with drone (TSP-D). This problem minimizes the delivery time required to serve a set of customers using a truck that is equipped with a single drone. They provide two compact mixed integer linear programming formulations which may solve instances with up to 10 customers within a few seconds. Also, they introduce a third formulation for the TSP-D with an exponential number of constraints which can be incorporated in a branch-and-cut algorithm capable of solving several instances with up to 20 customers within 1 hour of computing. Computational results provide an in-depth comparison of the effectiveness of the proposed formulations solving three different sets of benchmark instances. Moreover, they reveal further details on the operational characteristics of a drone-assisted delivery system. Löffler et al. hybridize a large neighborhood search and granular tabu search to solve the electric vehicle-routing problem with time windows and single recharge (EVRPTWS), considering the possibility of both full and partial recharge. The heuristic works on routes represented as customer sequences. Recharge operations are implicitly considered by optimally determining their position along the route, the recharging station to visit, and the amount to be recharged. The paper also discusses how the proposed approach can be extended to handle nonlinear recharging times, different recharging times per station, and time-dependent waiting times at stations. The algorithm is shown to be able to provide optimal or near-optimal solutions for instances with up to 100 customers within reasonable runtimes using EVRPTWS instances from the literature. In addition, the computational experiments reveal a considerable reduction of routing cost when allowing partial recharges and this is more evident when the instance size increases. Also, they find that partial recharges tend to be more beneficial compared to full recharges if many customers have time-window requirements and if the customer time windows are narrow.


The present application and resultant patent provides an intermediate cooling type gas turbine engines. Claim that the intermediate cooling type gas turbine engines, is disposed between and to generate a compressed air flow low pressure compressor, an intermediate cooler, the low-pressure compressor and the intercooler and to derive a first portion of the compressed medium in the cooler air flow first air line disposed between the high-pressure compressor, an intermediate cooler and the high pressure compressor and is disposed between the second air line, and a low-pressure compressor and the high pressure compressor is configured to direct a first portion of the compressed air flows toward the high pressure compressor and it may comprise a bypass air line to derive a second portion of the compressed air flow to the second air line. The associated method for controlling the temperature of the entering air flow to be supplied to the core engine of the intermediate cooling type gas turbine engines are also provided.


A force-driven kinetic energy harvester, designed to be excited with impulse-like mechanical loads, is presented. Energy harvesting is a promising technique to feed wireless sensor networks. The proposed device exploits three rods of Galfenol and has been modeled through FEM COMSOL Multiphysics with nonlinear fully coupled characteristics. They consider the general behaviors of magnetostrictive materials and are compatible with thermodynamics. The preliminary results of the time-domain simulations, with an impulse-like force applied, have been compared with experimental results showing a good agreement. Moreover, the proposed nonlinear modeling has shown better performances with respect to software built-in magnetostrictive models. At the same time, further modeling improvements seem to be needed in the future to better fit the harmonic content of the free evolution of the device.


Abstract Determining whether a point is contained in a polyhedron or not has been revisited many times in history as it is one of the fundamental problems in computational geometry with immense application in three dimensional CAD/CAM problems, in GIS(Geographic Information System).We at first review what has been done before and introduce theorems based on geometric concepts.


Although romantic and sexual relationships are an important aspect of young people's lives, research on how young people negotiate their love/sex relationships is lacking. New media environments provide a new context within which young people negotiate their love/sex relationships; however, what is negotiated is often not all that different from what was negotiated before the advent of new media technologies. Using an online discussion board and individual in-person interviews, this paper explores how young Australians, aged 18–25 years, engage with dominant gendered discourses to negotiate their love/sex relationships within the context of new media environments. Previous research suggests that young people make use of new media technologies to flirt with one another, to initiate new relationships, to maintain their relationships, and to fight and end their relationships. This paper focuses on young people's practices of mediated flirting, surveillance, and breaking up. It considers the creative and agentic ways young people use new media technologies in the negotiation of their love/sex relationships.


The Sex determination in amphibian and reptile had two types: one was Gene type Sex determination, another was Environmental type Sex determination. This paper described the new advance of the studies of the two types and speculated that these two types might be compatible at the level of molecule. Further research on its problem was also commented.


Country image is viewed as the overall perception of consumers from a particular country, based on their prior perception of the country's production and marketing strengths and weaknesses and this image affect customer attitudes like purchase intention. The purpose of our study was to develop and validate the relationship among country image, e-WOM and purchase intention of foreign products. Based on literatures, a comprehensive set of constructs and hypotheses was compiled with a methodology for testing them. A questionnaire was constructed and data were collected from 255 customers in Beijing and Shanghai. The results indicated that country image affect purchase intention of Korean Cosmetic products through e-WOM.


Background: This study aimed to assess efficacy differences of aflibercept by intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema (DME) with different OCT types. Methods: according to OCT morphology, 128 patients (128 eyes) with DME were divided into the diffuse retinal thickening (DRT; 41 patients, 41 eyes), cystoid macular edema (CME; 47 patients, 47 eyes), and serous retinal detachment (SRD; 40 patients, 40eyes) groups. All patients were treated by intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg (0.05 mL) aflibercept according to the 3+prn regimen. BCVA (LogMAR) and central foveal thickness (CFT) among the three groups at baseline, and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, respectively, were assessed. Results: At 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, improvements in BCVA and CFT in the three groups showed statistical significance (P<0.05). BCVA improvement was better at all time points in the DRT group compared with the SRD group (P<0.05). BCVA improvement was also better in the CME group compared with the SRD group at 6 months and 12 months post-treatment (P<0.05). At 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment, CFT differences among the three groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05), while at 12 months post-treatment, CFT values among the three groups had significant differences (F=3.77, P=0.0269). at 12 months after treatment, CFT improvement was better in the DRT and CME groups compared with the SRD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: aflibercept by intravitreal injection could significantly improve visual acuity in DME patients with different OCT types and reduce CFT. At the initial treatment of 12 months, CFT and BCVA improvements in the DRT and CME types were the most pronounced.


Ayurveda a unique science of life, which emphasized on the principle of protecting the health of a healthy individual and eradicating the disease in diseased persons. Now a days, people living in the midst of diseases that disturb them to achieve a good health. The people are trying to overcome this situation by developing an art of medicine and science of healing. Agadatantra is one of the branches in Ayurveda. Literally' Agada' means a disease-free condition. It deals with different type of poisoning from animate and inanimate objects with its management. The poisoning from the bite of snakes, spiders, insects, rodents and from the combination of different poisons with their management are included in this branch. Vilwadi agada is a polyherbal combination can be used in various toxicological conditions, GIT problems, concocted poisoning, systemic symptoms like fever, infectious conditions. Today Vilwady agada is marketing as Vilwady gutika by different pharmaceutical companies. Classical reference of Vilwadi agada mentioned in Ashtangahridaya, Ashtangasamgraha, Sahasrayogam, Visha Jyotsnika and Kriyakoumudhi. Acute gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is an infection characterised by diarrhoea, cramps, nausea, vomiting and fever with inflammation of gastric mucosa. Viruses are the important causative factors for 70% of the episodes of acute gastroenteritis in children especially the rota virus. In contemporary science the first choice is oral rehydration therapy and then gives anti diarrhoeal drugs, antiemetics, antispasmodic drugs according to the condition of the patient. The drugs in Vilwadi agada having antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, carminative properties. These attributes of this combination is very effective in relieving the cardinal symptoms such as abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting diarrhoea and fever in acute gastroenteritis.


The characteristic of psychologist and counsellor can't be denied in the national education term even in school or the high institutions of education. There are a lot of strategies had done in increasing students potential, personality and academic. There are several psychology test such as Aptitude Test, Personality, Behavioural Academic Self Esteem (BASE) and others. Totally in Malaysia, the usage of the test manually and takes a long time for the analysis. That why students were not attracted or interest in doing the test. This thesis will present the Fuzzy System in counselling domain by selecting BASE test. The system comprises of five modules, namely Student Initiative of BASE Factor 1, Social Attention of BASE Factor 2, Success / Failure of BASE Factor 3, Social Attraction of BASE Factor 4, and Self-Confidence of BASE Factor 5. The system was constructed using hierarchical structural approach. The system was developed using web-based application language that is Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) the server-side web scripting. The system comprises of five modules, namely Student Initiative of BASE
Factor 1, Social Attention of BASE Factor 2, Success / Failure of BASE Factor 3, Social Attraction of BASE Factor 4, and Self-Confidence of BASE Factor 5. BASE test consists of sixteen items, categorized into the five main BASE factors. The input to the system was first fuzzified and Fuzzy Associative Memory (FAM) table were constructed to handle the fuzzy rules of the five factors of BASE case study. The defuzzification technique is used to estimate the BASE factor and determine the levels of academic self-esteem such as low self-esteem, moderate self-esteem, and
high self-esteem. In addition, fuzzy expert advisory provides explaination and also explain how a diagnosis is reached for a particular case. The results showed that the
fuzzy expert prototype system presented in this paper provided a reliable and accurate outcome after several test cases have been performed. An analysis to Bandar Darulaman Community College respondent shows that high correlation
relationship (0.403) between Student Initiative and Self Confidence. This indicates that, respondent who have initiative have self confidence in communication or group
activity and can give an idea.


Research conducted to identify the effect of organizational politics on employees' job satisfaction in the health sector of Lahore Pakistan. Research determined the relation, association and impact of organizational politics and its dimensions on employees' job satisfaction. Total sample size of research is 250 employees from health sector. SPSS version 19 used to analyze the data. Research applied Pearson correlation, regression analysis, t-test and one way ANOVA to examine the hypotheses. Research examined that the GPB i.e. behavior of employees acting in a self serving way to attain valued outcomes is no concerned with the job satisfaction level of the employees in the health sector. Research also determined that the GAGA i.e. silent actions of the employees to attain the personal benefits are negatively related to the job satisfaction level of the employees in the health sector. Research also examined that the PPP i.e. political actions of the organization on the basis of their policies are negatively related to the job satisfaction level of the employees in the health sector. Research concluded that the perception of organizational politics is negatively connected to the job satisfaction level of the employees in the health sector. Research identified the inverse relationship between the perception of organizational politics and job satisfaction. The higher perception of organizational politics leads to decrease the level of employees' job satisfaction and lower perception of organizational politics leads to increase the level of employees' job satisfaction.


The currently installed Bunch Arrival time Monitors (BAMs) at the Free electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) achieved a time resolution of less than 10 fs for bunch charges higher than 500 pC. In order to achieve single spike FEL pulses [1] at FLASH, electron bunch charges down to 20 pC are of interest [4]. With these BAMs the required time resolution is not reachable for bunch charges below 500 pC [5]. Therefore, new pickups with a bandwidth from DC up to 40GHz are designed and manufactured [6, 7, 8]. The signal evaluation takes place with a time-stabilized reference laser pulse train which is modulated by an ElectroOptical intensity Modulator (EOM) in dependency on the pickup signal. The new high bandwidth BAM system also requires new high bandwidth EOMs for the electro-optical frontend. The available selection of commercial EOM candidates for the new frontend is very limited. Furthermore, the EOMs are designed for cw laser, however the BAM system use a pulsed laser with a peak power in the order of 100W. In this paper we present a comparison between different EOM candidates for the new electro-optical frontend. INTRODUCTION FLASH is a source of short and extremely bright photon pulses tunable within a wavelength range from 4.2 to 45 nm [2, 3]. In order to reach FEL pulses with a duration of a single optical mode at FLASH, electron bunches with a duration of a few fs are required. In order to create such a short bunch it is necessary to reduce the bunch charge down to 20 pC to avoid elongation by space charge forces [4]. The currently used Bunch Arrival Time Monitor (BAMs) at FLASH achieved a time resolution better than 10 fs for bunch charges higher than 500 pC [5]. Because of the design and the limited bandwidth of 10GHz, the time resolution degrades strongly for bunch charges below 200pC [5]. Therefore, a new pickup with a bandwidth of 40GHz has been developed [6, 7, 8] and installed at The work is supported by Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) within FSP 301 under the contract numbers 05K10GU2 and 05K10RDA. ∗ firstname.lastname@example.com FLASH. Beside the new pickup, an electro-optical frontend with a new electro-optical modulator (EOM), which has a corresponding bandwidth, is required for such a new BAM. ARRIVAL TIME MEASUREMENT The electro-magnetic f eld of an electron bunch passing the pickup induces a short bipolar RF signal in each of the four pickup electrodes [10]. The RF signals of opposite pickup electrodes are combined. One of these combined signal will be used as a highly sensitive channel for low bunch charges. The other combined signal will be used as a channel for high bunch charges which basically operates like the low bunch charge channel but using components with lower bandwidth. Each of the combined RF signals is directed to an EOM, which additionally receives a laser pulse from the synchronization system. By setting the EOM to a modulation of 50% of the modulation range by using a DC bias voltage Ubias an optimized determination of the timing difference between the RF and the laser pulse at the EOM is feasible. The laser pulse from the synchronization system has a duration of approximately 200 fs and is much shorter than the RF signal pulse from the pickup. Herefrom, with an average power of 5mW and a repetition rate of 216.67MHz, the peak power is about 100W. With a correct timing of the electron bunch, the zero-crossing of the RF signal of the pickup reaches the EOM at the same time as the reference laser pulse and thus the output of the EOM is not modulated. When the electron bunch reaches the EOM with a timing offset the pickup signal shows a non-zero voltage at the RF input and therefore the amplitude of the laser pulse is modulated (see Fig. 1). The amplitude of the laser pulse is detected by a photodiode and digitized by a fast ADC. According to [10], the optical modulationMsignal which is imprinted onto the laser pulse of the synchronization system by the EOM can be described as:


Some 650 members attended the field day on the property of Mr F. R. Clarke, Levels, and were welcomed by the president of the association.


This article investigates two collaborative (and little-known) novels published in the early 1890s periodical The Gentlewoman. The collaborations turn on, and center, a heroine whose reputation, choices, and actions stand as the locus of investigation; the business of interpreting a woman's character brings multiple writers, from many walks of life, together in a shared enterprise shaped by ongoing disagreement, for how to interpret the heroine evolves week by week. The two texts disrupt not only their own reading of their heroine but stage, through their very form, that any fixed, stable, or unitary reading of womanhood is impossible.


The diversion tunnel of a certain hydroelectric power station has been excavated by way of pilot heading combined with smooth blasting, therefore the results were achieved that the unevenness of the excavated surface is less than 10 cm and the overbreak or underbreak of the tunnel is less than 15 cm. This paper describes the determination of smooth blasting parameters, adopted blast-hole layout and cut-hole pattern as well as the construction control.


The Rainbow Community Garden is a place for new immigrant and refugee families in Winnipeg to grow their own food. Using the Rainbow Community Garden as a case study, this paper contributes to ongoing discussions about community gardening by applying an anthropological lens to the multilayered meanings of agriculture in urban environments. This paper is focused on the benefits and challenges of community gardening in the context of new immigrant and refugee experiences. Through a literature review and interviews with gardeners, the role of food and community gardens as a means of facilitating cross cultural interactions, providing culturally appropriate food for new immigrants and refugees, and expressing cultural identity is brought into emphasis. I draw on Strunk and Richardson's (2019) concepts of the material, imagined, and community's garden, to reflect on the different ways in which the community garden is used and experienced by immigrant and refugee gardeners. The main conclusion of this research is that, in the context of new immigrant and refugee participation in community gardening, a garden is not only the physical soil, vegetables, and flowers, but also an important place for practicing one's culture and for engaging in meaningful cross cultural interaction that is beneficial in adjusting to a new life in Canada.


The notion of almost periodicity nontrivially generalizes the notion of periodicity. Strongly almost periodic sequences (=uniformly recurrent infinite words) first appeared in the field of symbolic dynamics, but then turned out to be interesting in connection with computer science. The paper studies the class of eventually strongly almost periodic sequences (i. e., becoming strongly almost periodic after deleting some prefix). We prove that the property of eventual strong almost periodicity is preserved under the mappings done by finite automata and finite transducers. The class of almost periodic sequences includes the class of eventually strongly almost periodic sequences. We prove this inclusion to be strict.


By assimilating scientific up-to-date achievement from abroad,Radar 2000 bi-block sleeper ballastless track,now featuring the state-of-the-art technology,higher construction standard and complicated workmanship,needs to be further perfected in construction.Based on field practice in the bid lotⅡof ballastless track on Wuhang-Guangzhou PDL,the paper discusses new method and techniques regarding rough and precision adjustment for radar 2000 bi-block sleeper ballastless track.Through engineering practice,methods and technical standard for GPⅢ control net repetition measurement,rough,precision adjustment and rail repetition measurement are summarized.Main points for equipment calibration,maintenance,and storage are presented to ensure that the laying of radar 2000 bi-block sleeper ballastless track meets the standard.


The factors causing the crisis of rural secondary vocational education lie not only in out side of education:the shortage of investment ,the social bias,the expansion of senior school,but also in itself:the construction of"double certificate"teaching staff,curriculum,textbook and training aim can't keep pace with the development of rural economy.To promot its development ,we must enlarge executive interference,change the forms of educa tion,substantiate its inten sion and improve the level and efficiency of educa tion.


Here we demonstrate that an aqueous solution of the herbicide amitrole can be completely depolluted at pH 3.0 by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton process. Anodic oxidation gives faster degradation with a boron- doped diamond anode than with a Pt anode. Electro- Fenton with a Pt anode and 1 mmol l �1 Fe 2+ as catalyst yields the quickest depollution. Amitrole decay always follows a pseudo first-order reaction. NO3 � and NH4 + are accumulated in the medium during mineralization, al- though volatile N-products are also formed. These envi- ronmentally friendly electrochemical treatments could be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing amitrole.


The demand of providing one's network bandwidth for another such as a business partner or a guest in a form like a so-called free wireless Internet access is rising. However, in some countries like Japan, the law concerning the responsibility of Internet service providers requires not only ISPs who operate roaming service but also anyone who provide access to the Internet to identify an illicit user when requested. Otherwise he himself may be treated as the illicit user. In this paper, we first categorize conventional roaming models and consider trust relationships in roaming. Conventional roaming models assume trust between a connectivity provider and an authenticator. Most measures are against abuse of a mobile user or a fake user as an attacker. Based on the consideration, we propose an autonomous distributed model account management architecture. With this architecture, when an illicit use occurs, every concerned party can find who do it even in the case that not only a mobile user but also a connectivity provider and/or an authenticator may do it. This is possible if a connectivity provider allows only traffics of some well known secure authentication protocols and user data which are authenticated with them to go through his network. This proposal makes it possible for a connectivity provider to provide access for a mobile user securely as easy as a free wireless access without trust with any authenticator


We examine the common hierarchical data structure of digital ink representations in two distinctive ink domainclasses. Digital boards (eBoard) can receive inputs for both archival and reactionary modes from freehand writings (or drawings) and gesture-commands, respectively, from the digital pens. The latter is modelled as a result of the former in theoretical pattern recognition, and perhaps, more for convenience. What seems to be hypothetically sound, this structural data construct appears limited when attempting to succinctly decipher ink inputs as either traces or command gestures when both domains are merged on a single platform environment. This report forestalls a possible method of improvement to integrate both the 'sketching' and 'gesturing' domains simultaneously on the eBoards. Our proposed change to the data structure tailors for agentoriented approaches and allows for parallel evaluation with very little overheads. It also provides a basis to address the problems of ambiguity when attempting to distinguish the exact domain from an input ink data.


Web image search has been explored and developed in academic as well as commercial areas for over a decade. To measure the similarity between Web images and user queries, most of the existing Web image search systems try to convert an image to textual keywords by analyzing the textual information available (such as surrounding text and image filename) with or without leveraging image visual features (such as color, texture, shape). In this way, the existing systems transform "Web images" to the "query (text)" space so as to compare the relevance of images to the query. In this paper, we present a novel solution to Web image search - similarity space projection (SSP). This algorithm takes images and queries as two heterogeneous object peers, and projects them into a third Euclidean "similarity space" in which their similarity can be directly measured. The rule of projection guarantees that in the new space the relevant images are kept close to the corresponding query and those irrelevant ones are away from it. Experiments on real-world Web image collections showed that the proposed algorithm significantly outperformed traditional information retrieval models (such as vector space model) in the application of image search. Besides Web image search, we demonstrate that this algorithm can also be applied to image annotation scenario, and has promising performance. Thus, this algorithm unifies Web image search and image annotation into same framework.


1. If "Brexit means Brexit", all lawyers will have to live with the uncertain consequences of the vote of the people of United Kingdom on 23 June 2016 to leave the European Union. However, public lawyers will perhaps be more affected by the reshaping of the legal landscape than those working in nearly any other professional area. The legal consequences of leaving the EU for the future of public law are both substantial and uncertain. At present it is not possible to gauge with any accuracy what those consequences may be in part because those who advocated leaving the EU put forward no agreed blueprint as to how the UK legal system would operate outside the EU. Furthermore, our new Prime Minister was not among those campaigning to leave the EU. It is fair to say that the complex legal consequences of leaving the EU were not at the forefront of the political campaign. However, working out the legal consequences of this political decision is a vast challenge for those planning a future for the UK outside the formal structures of the EU. A key part of that planning is designing a legal structure for the relationship between government bodies and those who interact with them outside the framework of EU law.


HOME IS TRADITIONALLY SEEN as a static place with a variety of positive and negative attributes, functioning as a shelter, but one that is too narrow for self-realization. This ambivalence is immediately apparent in the demarcation of houses into a variety of separate rooms which can be allocated according to various imposed structures and strictures. It is thus most likely that many different 'homeworlds' will materialize in one and the same family home.1 The way people live, move, and behave within a particular domestic space characterizes their social status, gender roles, and right to belong to this place at any particular moment. The domestic microcosm, not least in fictional representations, reflects many facets of different homes:women writers have typically figured women's lived experience - however various and complex, however idyllic or tortured - through architectural images, top-to-bottom reconstructions, and "chants" that remodel as they move from room to room.2In recent years, increasing critical attention has been paid to notions of home and their representations in literature - particularly the domestic sphere proper, at one end of the spectrum, and the nation as homeland, at the other. Home in Indian public debate, communal understanding, and literature, however, still typically signifies no more or less than one's place of birth and, more constrictively still, the rule of patriarchy. 'Home', in other words, is the ancestral house and household, which - despite the internal domestic primacy of women and 'matriarchal' exceptions like Hanuman House in V.S. Naipaul's A House for Mr Biswas (1961) - is generally under the overall control of the male line of inheritance. This system of male succession was commonly practised in Indian Hindu society in the nineteenth century, for instance. The ancestral house was traditionally identified as a man's place of belonging, since for many years daughters had almost no right to a share in their father's property. This exclusion of women from a right to inheritance (common enough, too, in Western law until well into the nineteenth century) slowly underwent modification from the early twentieth century onwards through the Hindu Law of Inheritance Amendment Act in 1929, the Hindu Women's Rights to Property Act in 1937, and, finally, the Hindu Succession Act in 1956, which ultimately replaced the previous two. Today, the latter law is used to organize the lines of succession in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh communities.4 Despite this social change, many girls still grow up with the knowledge that their father, who is obliged to guard their integrity, will soon pass this responsibility on to their future husband.5More recently, a significant shift away from the traditional focus on gender status and the local domestic realm can be observed in representations of South Asian homeworlds, toward broader spatial implications. While in the 1980s the ancestral house was mainly depicted as the dominant reference point for negotiations of individual identity, contemporary novels such as Anita Nair's Ladies Coupe (2001), Chandani Lokuge's Turtle Nest (2003), and Meera Syal's Anita and Me (1997) increasingly present the modern home as in transit. This transitional zone is attendant on the protagonists' constant moving around and on the provisionality of a more frequent use of the rented flat as a motif expressing modern home life, as depicted in Rupa Bajwa's The Sari Shop (2004) or Monica Ali' s Brick Lane (2003). bell hooks suggests that home is "a place which enables and promotes varied and ever-changing perspectives, a place where one discovers new ways of seeing reality, frontiers or difference."6 In its linking of individual situations to larger structures, hooks maintains, the domestic microcosm reflects not only individual home life but also widespread social and political norms. Home is thus made up of widely differing components, such as urban architectural settings, and of symbolic patterns such as social practices based on particular life-styles, values, and norms. …


Because unemployment benefit reforms typically package together a number of changes, few existing evaluations have been able to isolate the effects of changes in job search monitoring intensity on benefit recipient stocks or flows. Those few studies that do so draw mixed conclusions. This paper provides new estimates of monitoring impacts by exploiting plausibly exogenous periods where search monitoring has been temporarily withdrawn – with the regime otherwise unchanged – during a series of benefit office refurbishments in Northern Ireland. As we would expect from search theory, withdrawal of monitoring significantly increases the stock of unemployment benefit recipients via reduced outflows.


A system is described that enables a computing device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartwatch, a tablet computer, etc.) to take actions based on a user input received at an interface element, such as a direction of an air gesture input or a duration of the air gesture input. The computing device may use a radio detection and ranging (radar) system to detect air gestures as inputs. An air gesture input refers to any non-touch input detected by the computing device including, for example, any gesture performed in the "air" above or below a surface of the computing device using any finger, hand, body part, stylus, or any other object that may be detected by the computing device as described herein. The computing device may record gesturing data or typing data and may use the recorded data to train a machine-learned model. In response to recognizing an air gesture, the computing device may determine a specific action to perform. In some examples, the computing device may detect air gestures (e.g., swipe left, swipe right, swipe up, swipe down, etc.) to navigate media content (e.g., a video, an audio, a picture, a slideshow, etc.) in forward or backward direction (e.g., next, previous, fast forward, rewind, etc.). In some examples, the computing device may track a finger or other object approaching a touchscreen of the computing device or hovering over a virtual keyboard displayed on the touchscreen and may predict a landing spot of the object on the touchscreen. The computing device may enlarge or magnify a keyboard letter, a button, or other graphical element displayed at the predicted landing spot. In other examples, the computing device may magnify and edit (e.g., cut, copy, paste, delete, etc.) content or text based on the detected air gestures. 2 Hong et al.: AIR GESTURE RECOGNITION Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 DESCRIPTION A user may interact with applications executing on a computing device (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a smartphone, a desktop computer, or the like). In some examples, a computing device may include or communicate with a radio detection and ranging (RADAR) system that may enable a user to interact with applications executing on the computing device using air gesture inputs. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example computing device configured to receive an air gesture input and output a corresponding action based on the input. The air gesture input may be performed using any finger, thumb, hand, body part, or any object that may be detected by the computing device. In the example of FIG. 1, computing device 100 represents an individual mobile or non-mobile computing device. Examples of computing devices 100 include a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a server, a mainframe, a set-top box, a television, a wearable device (e.g., a computerized watch, a computerized eyewear, a computerized glove, etc.), a home automation device or system (e.g., an intelligent thermostat or home assistant device), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming system, a media player, an e-book reader, a mobile television platform, an automobile navigation or infotainment system, or any other type of mobile, non-mobile, wearable, and non-wearable computing device that contains a radar-based gesture-recognition system which configured to detect air gesture inputs, and perform corresponding actions based on the detected input. Computing device 100 includes processors 102, applications 106, and radar-based gesture-recognition system 110. Applications 106 can be executed by processors 102 to provide various functionalities (e.g., control music forward/backward, magnify keyboard letter, edit text, etc.). 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 2873 [2020] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/2873 COMPUTING DEVICE 100 PROCESSORS 102 108 DISPLAY 104 RADAR-BASED GESTURERECOGNITION SYSTEM 110 MICROWAVE RADIO ELEMENT 112 ANTENNA ELEMENT 114 SIGNAL PROCESSOR 116 TRANSCEIVER 118


Track geometry bear huge static and dynamic forces that accelerate degradation process. As a result, railway track should be inspected regularly to detect geometry faults and to plan maintenance ac ...


The sexuality of conspecific stream-rock and stream-side bryophytes at Cement Creek in the Yarra Ranges National Park, Victoria, Australia was examined in terms of sex ratios and sporophyte production. Generally, stream-side colonies had higher numbers of stems, inflorescences and gametangia than their stream-rock counterparts. A higher number of stream-side than stream-rock species produced sporophytes although Cyathophorum bulbosum (Hedw.) Mull.Hai. produced more sporophytes on stream-rocks than in the stream-side habitat. Sex ratios generally showed a female bias with regard to stem numbers and number of inflorescences.


The use of minimally invasive or transcatheter interventions rather than standard full sternotomy operations to treat tricuspid valve (TV) disease is increasing. The debate however is still open regarding venous drainage management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and wheatear or not superior and inferior vena cava should be occluded during the opening of the right atrium to avoid air entrance in the venous line. The aim of the present study is to report operative outcomes and midterm follow‐up results of minimally invasive TV surgery performed without caval occlusion.


Abstract The inclusion of Drama as a subject in the Australian Curriculum is largely a result of the unwavering advocacy of national associations (like Drama Australia) and alliances, in particular the National Advocates for Arts Education (NAAE). This article briefly outlines stages in national curriculum development in Australia and delineates key organisations and individuals who have contributed to the inclusion of drama within Australia's national curriculum. The paper draws from previously published material, interviews with representatives from each state professional association, and extended interviews with members of the NAAE. The authors propose that the most significant contributing factor to the inclusion of drama in the educational entitlement for all young people in the Australian national curriculum has been collaborative advocacy, carefully managed by a national advocacy collective.


Abstract This field study of nuclear power shiftworkers reports the use of hand-held computers to record alertness levels, cognitive task performance and workload ratings. Subjective ratings and performance tasks (Search and Memory-5 (SAM-5); Choice Reaction Time (CRT) were completed on the computers at 2-h intervals during selected shifts in the work schedule by maintenance crews and reactor operators. Sleep duration and quality data were also obtained during the 35-day shift cycle. Workload remained relatively stable across shifts. The night-shift was associated with shorter sleep durations and poorer sleep quality. Significantly lower levels of alertness and poorer perforniance for components of the performance tasks were also observed on the night-shift. Tinic-on-shift effects on alertness were evident, where by for the night-shift, especially, alertness dropped dramatically during the early hours. Components of SAM-5 performance showed differential time-on-shift patterning relative to each shift wher...


Since arc narrows in the plasma welding, heat concentration ratio is higher than other welding. This heat source generates the keyhole in the high current region, which penetrates base metal. The base metals are joined by closing the keyhole. The quality of welding depends on state of the keyhole. However, the keyhole may become unstable due to behavior of molten metal. In this research, observations of the keyhole and molten metal under various welding conditions were performed by using high speed video camera to investigate the behavior of the keyhole in the plasma welding. Length from torch cap to bottom edge of the keyhole in high speed video camera picture was proportional to plasma gas flow rate. On the other hand, the length was mostly kept constant regardless of change of welding current. When plasma gas flow rate was changed during the welding in real time, appearance of the keyhole and shape of bead were changed. Control of stabilization of the keyhole is tried based on relationship between the length found by image processing and plasma gas flow rate. The authors tried to design the digital controller controlling the length by plasma gas flow rate to obtain the stable keyhole.


The invention relates to a novel medical device with remote control function. A first sensor is composed of a CCD image sensor on the top inner wall of a medicine storage box, the colors of the inner wall and the support surface of the medicine storage box are different from those of medicines, and acquired signals are transmitted by the first sensor to a control device for analysis and processing to judge the quantity of medicines. With a medicine storage mechanism and a feeding mechanism, medicines to be taken by a patient each time are automatically quantitatively stored in a second medicine box, and the patient only needs to take all the medicines in the second medicine box every time, so that the patient without clear consciousness can take medicines accurately, and the phenomena of omitting medicines, taking fewer medicines and overdosing are avoided.


A piezoelectric friction actuating mechanism is employed to construct a long travelling range sub-micro X—Y positioning table. The piezoelectric material is used to generate high-frequency oscillation for actuating a fingertip, which in is contact with a slide to induce back-and-forth motion. The LuGre friction model is chosen to simulate the friction dynamics of this positioning mechanism. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search for the optimal friction model parameters. However, this piezoelectric actuating system has an obvious non-linear and time-varying dead-zone offset control voltage related to the static friction and preload. The GA-estimated LuGre dynamic model is still not accurate enough for model-based precision control design. Hence, sliding mode control (SMC) with robust behaviour is employed to design a non-linear controller for this piezoelectric friction actuating mechanism. The Laypunov-like design strategy is adopted to satisfy the system stability criterion. Tracking control of different trajectories is planned to investigate the motion control performances and the steady-state errors of the SMC non-linear controller based on the GA-estimated model. The dynamic experimental results of the proposed non-linear controllers are also compared with that of a model-based PID controller.


AIM: To explore the effect of Heparin on heparanase(HPA) mRNA expression and invasion of human hepatoma carcinoma cells(HCC) in vitro.METHODS: Human liver carcinoma cells,BEL-7404,were transfected with a full-length human HPA cDNA using a pcDNA3 expression plasmid,and different dose of Heparin was added when the cells were cultured.The invasiveness of transfected BEL-7404 was measured by the matrigel invasion assays,and the HPA mRNA expression was observed by using RT-PCR.RESULTS: The HPA mRNA expression could not be detected in BEL-7404 cells(HCC group) and HCC transfected with a control pcDNA3 plasmid lacking the HPA cDNA insert(pcDNA3 group) while the HPA expression was positive in HPA-transfected HCC(pcDNA3-HPA group).The number of membrane-permeating cells in pcDNA3-HPA group((27.00)±(4.30)) was significantly more than that in the other groups((11.67)±(2.52) for HCC group and(9.67)±(2.89) for pcDNA3 group)(P(0.01)).No obvious changes in HPA expression and cell invasiveness were observed in both HCC group and pcDNA3 group after Heparin was added.The membrane-permeating cells in pcDNA3-HPA group gradually decreased along with the increase in the dose of Heparin,and the further decrease was no longer found when added Heparin exceeded a certain quantity.The HPA expression was positive all the time in pcDNA3-HPA group.CONCLUSION: Within a certain dose range,Heparin can inhabit the invasive ability of HPA gene-transfected HCC,but does not influence the HPA mRNA expression.


This paper proposes a distributed framework for vehicle grid integration taking into account the communication and physical networks. To this end, we model the electric vehicle behavior that includes times of departure and arrival, state of charge, required energy, and its objectives, e.g., avoid battery degradation and willingness to pay. Next, we formulate the centralised day ahead distribution market which explicitly represents the physical system, supports unbalanced three phase networks with delta and wye connections, and incorporates the charging needs of electric vehicles under a uni- and a bi-directional charging scheme. The solution of the centralised market requires knowledge of electric vehicle information in terms of desired energy, departure and arrival times that electric vehicle owners are reluctant in providing. Moreover, the computational effort required to solve the day ahead distribution market in cases of numerous electric vehicles is very intensive. As such, we propose a distributed solution of the day ahead distribution market clearing mechanism over a time-varying communication network where no private information is exchanged. We also incorporate uncertainty of electric vehicle charging needs and provide guarantees on the probability of constraint satisfaction. We illustrate the proposed vehicle grid integration framework through the 13-bus, 33-bus, and 141-bus distribution feeders.


The Black Death of 1348 - 49 killed millions in its march across Europe, but how many is still a subject of intense debate with claims ranging between 25 and 50 per cent. This book examines the impact of that appalling disaster on England's most populous city, London. Using previously untapped documentary sources alongside archaeological evidence, a remarkably detailed picture emerges of the arrival, duration and public response to this epidemic and subsequent fourteenth-century outbreaks. Wills and civic and royal administration documents provide clear evidence of the speed and severity of the plague, of how victims made preparations for their heirs and families, and of the immediate social changes that the aftermath brought. Previous scholarly opinions on the timing and duration of the plague are challenged and the mortality rate is revised up to 50 - 60 per cent in the first outbreak, with a population decline of 40 - 45 per cent across Edward III's reign. Overall, The Black Death in London provides as detailed a story as is possible to tell of the impact of the plague on a major medieval English city.


My bachelor's work deals with the meaning of folklore in the present society. In spite of the fact, that traditions have lost their original resemblance, they still remain a very important part of an individual's socialization. The aims of social pedagogy, besides other things, are to direct individuals to make good use of their free time and to remove human's isolation in the society. Folklore and activities linked to it, fulfil these conditions as pointed out in the research part of my bachelor's wor


In this paper, the thermal analysis of 340GHz folded waveguide (FW) traveling wave tube (TWT) slow-wave structure (SWS) is carried out by ANSYS software. First, a steady-state thermal analysis model of the SWS is established, including the structural model, boundary conditions and heat loss distribution; Then, the thermal contact resistance (TCR) of the SWS is studied, and it is found that the temperature of SWS and TCR are linearly related. By reducing the TCR inside the folded waveguide, the temperature of the slow-wave structure can be reduced from $98^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $60^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.


Objective:To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1( IGF-1) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance and the relationship between prognosis and the expression of IGF-1. Methods: The expression of IGF-1 was detected by immunohistochemisty( EnVisionTM)in 30 cases with chronic cervicitis,35 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 75 cases with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The expression rate of IGF-1 protein in chronic cervicitis,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 3. 33%,37. 14%,57. 33%,respectively,there was statistically significant among them(χ2= 26. 13,P 0. 01). In cervical squamous cell carcinoma related clinical pathology factors,the expression of IGF-1was related to tumor size,lymph node metastasis,distant place organ metastasis and FIGO Staging(P 0. 05),but not to age,histological type,Ki-67 and P53( P 0. 05). Survival analysis showed that the survival rate of positive IGF-1 was obviously less than negative IGF-1(χ2= 4. 42,P 0. 05). Conclusion:In cervix morbid change,the expression of IGF-1 is escalated along with morbid change upgrade,which indicated that IGF-1 took part in the development of cervix morbid change,meanwhile,the patients prognosis is poor.


Paper medical records still dominate most medical practices. A national survey estimates only 4 percent of physicians have fully functional electronic health records (EHRs) with an additional 13 percent having some basic EHR. 1 However, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) estimates that in 2005, between 17 and 24 percent of physicians in ambulatory care settings were using EHRs to some extent. 2 In 2008, the RWJF reported that adoption of EHRs was more common among primary care physicians, physicians in large practices, and younger physicians 3 Further, it was reported that a significant proportion of physicians had purchased, but not yet implemented, electronic health systems or were planning to purchase them within the next two years.


The present invention relates to a method for purifying a 3 trifluoride (NF Method features of the present invention to 2-fluorinated without generating oxygen selectively removing F It can be carried out further purification necessary.


Soil salinity, among other abiotic stresses, is now identified as a significant crop loss factor for chickpea (8-10%). In the current experiment, the response of twenty chickpea accessions were studied under various NaCl solutions in growth chambers and under pot culture in greenhouse conditions in the growing season of 2020. These tests were done in order to categorise the chickpea accessions into distinct salt-tolerant groups and to identify relevant agro-morphological indicators of salinity tolerance. The findings showed that salinity has a considerable negative impact on chickpea growth during its early stages, and that there is a statistically significant correlation between salinity and accessions for yield characteristics under various salinity stress levels. In comparison to other accessions, salt-tolerant accessions were less impacted by excessive salinity and may produce a higher seed output. Accessions were grouped into three categories viz., highly tolerant, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible based on the percentage loss of seed yield compared to control under 300 mM saline stress. After taking into account all of the measured parameters, Digbijoy was determined to be the best tolerant line. According to correlation and regression analysis, salinity had the least impact on germination despite severely fracturing the pod and seed yield. In the future breeding program, these desirable parameters might be used as salinity indicators and also introduced into the susceptible lines, while the tolerant accessions might be used as tolerant checks.


Demosaicking is a process to interpolate raw data subsampled by the color filter array into a full-resolution image. In this work, a new RGB-NIR demosaicking algorithm based on the primal-dual method is proposed. In the algorithm, we use total variance and guided image filters as the regularization terms, so that both flat and edge regions can be properly addressed. In addition, a two-phase optimization scheme is introduced to avoid problems caused by over-correlating the RGB and NIR channels. We also design an early-termination mechanism, which can stop iterations when it foresees the result could go wrong. As demonstrated in the paper, the proposed algorithm can preserve high frequency regions well while having chroma noises, halos, and artifacts effectively removed.


Extant obesity efforts have had limited impact among low‐income underserved children, in part because of limitations inherent to existing programs: (i) short duration and low intensity; (ii) late timing of implementation, when children are already overweight or obese; (iii) intervention delivery limiting their accessibility and sustainability; and (iv) failure to address barriers such as a lack of culturally competent services, poverty and housing instability, which interfere with healthy lifestyle changes.


Upper and lower bounds of two weighted integrals,a + b b b∫(b-x)(x-a) f(x) dx and) dx + a∫2(x-a)2f(xa∫(b-x)2f(x) dx,a + b2 are given by using the properties and Jensen type inequality,Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for superquadratic functions.Two-sided inequalities in connection with the midpoint quadrature rule and the trapezoidal quadrature rule are obtained for functions whose second derivatives are superquadratic functions.


It is proved that the maximal operator of the two-parameter Riesz means with parameters @a, @b=<1 is bounded from L"p(R^2) to L"p(R^2) (1


I examined the diet of gray (Halichoerus grypus) and harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) seals using: hard-part analysis (HPA; subdivided into stomach and intestine) and a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Through these methods, I looked at harp and gray seal diet in Newfoundland waters, investigated otolith passage rates within the digestive tract, and developed a multiplex PCR technique to compare with HPA to further investigate biases associated with diet reconstruction based on HPA.
Both techniques provided evidence for retention of large prey and faster passage of smaller pray. I conclude that otoliths of different sizes and thicknesses are affected by digestion differently; I suggest that HPA should be conducted using samples from both the stomach and intestine, and that it should be used in conjunction with other methods of diet analysis like PCR as this may give a better idea of the diet, and prey sizes consumed.


This work investigated the effect on 5 wt% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the optical absorption characteristics of Poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4,8-diyl)] (F8BT). Both materials were mixed using solution blending method and then spin coated onto ITO-coated glass substrate at 1000 rpm for 30s. The optical properties of the nanocomposite were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Compares to pristine film, the absorption peak of the nanocomposite film improved and shifted to longer wavelength indicating reduction in the direct and indirect band gaps. Better optophysical properties of F8BT/TiO2 nanocomposites is believed due to compatible band structures and efficient charge trapping effect displayed by the NPs.


Sea level variations resulting from wind forcing along the Louisiana-Texas shelf are examined on 5-month winter records. Local weather patterns during the winter are dominated by cold-front passages. The associated surface wind field is well organized, predominantly in the cross-shelf direction. Regional sea level response, however, shows considerable variability; it is mainly a response to alongshore wind at Galveston, but cross-shelf wind at Eugene Island. This spatially nonuniform response appears to be due to the different water depth over the inner shelf, which is shallower off Eugene Island and favors direct cross-shelf wind setup. A friction model is applied to each region, and the results compare well with observations.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of Guanxinning combined with Nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic heart failure.Methods 168 patients with chronic heart failure were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 84 patients in each group respectively.The control group was given the conventional treatment of cardiotonics,dieresis and vasodilation for 8-14 days.On the basis of cardiotonics,dieresis and vasodilation,the treatment group was given 20 mL of Guanxinning Injection and the intravenous infusion of 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Sodium Chloride Solution once a day for 8-14 continuous days,and the intravenous infusion of 250 mL of 10% Glucose Solution + 10 mg of Nitroglycerin once a day for 8-14 continuous days.The 6-minute walk test(6MWT),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDD) and other indicators of both groups were monitored.Results In the treatment group,51(60.7%) patients were significantly effective and 24(28.6%) were effective,with the effective rate of 89.3%.In the control group,26(31.0%) patients were significantly effective and 32(38.1%) patients were effective,with the effective rate of 69.0%.The difference between the two group was statistically significant(P 0.05).Eight to fourteen days after treatment,the difference in NYHA between before and after treatment of the control group was not significantly different(P 0.05),the difference in NYHA between before and after treatment of the treatment group was significantly different(P 0.05),and the treatment group was superior to the control group in the improvement conditions,with statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Eight to fourteen days after treatment,the LVEF and LVDD improved in both groups,with statistically significant differences(P 0.05),but the treatment group was superior to the control group in the improvement conditions of LVEF and LVDD,with statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Eight to fourteen days after treatment,the 6MWT increased obviously in both groups,with statistically significant difference(P 0.05),but the treatment group was superior to the control group in the improvement conditions of 6MWT,with statistically significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional treatment,use of Guanxinning Injection and Nitroglycerin for the treatment of chronic heart failure can improve patients' left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function and improve exercise tolerance and quality of life.


The invention relates to a method and device for determining a proportion of a product in a mixture of products containing fruit and foreign bodies to fruit of obtaining at least one initial image of a region of the mixture examining, in assigning to each pixel of the image gray level extreme of two according to the initial gray level of the pixel with respect to a determined threshold, and counting the number of pixels of at least one of grayscale extremes to determine an area ratio between zones occupied respectively by the fruit and the foreign bodies on the image. the invention applies more particularly to the harvesting fruits, berries and the like by trees or bushes planted in rows to use the determined proportion to adapt at least one operating parameter of the machine.


Abnormal behavior can cause harm or loss to oneself, the family, and society and may be related to psychological endurance levels. With early identification and early intervention, the occurrence of harm can be prevented and the loss can be reduced. Now there is no clear definition of psychological endurance levels and no accurate measurement tools yet.


Contrary to novice drivers that learn the univocal meaning of road signs, expert drivers get low scores about the meaning of road panels that are made of icons and of graphic signs. This is a surprising case of practice lessening performance. We argue that the meaning of road signs is built in the context of the driver task and in the context of the current road situation. We have run an experiment that show that expert drivers fail to the "what does it mean" question when road signs are displayed in isolation or in the context of a real road situation, but they succeed to the "what to do" questioning. We described the whole set of 300 road signs both from their surface properties (form, color, icons, ...) and from the required actions. The road signalization system appears to be a complex system that is not fully coherent since surface properties partially match the corresponding actions properties. Finally, we advocate that contextual graphs capture the effects of task and road context, as well as the automatization and proceduralization processes since it allows encapsulation of action sequences.


In this paper we dene the Hypergeometric Fourier transform and convolution product of distributions associated with the JacobiCherednik operator on R. By using these results we study the regularity of solutions of convolution equations on R.


Smoking is a risk factor for several diseases, such as cardiovascular system, respiratory system, reproductive system, endocrine function, skin, cancer etc. Smoking has been increasing in many developing countries. Health problem due to passive smoking among children involve in many aspects, especially respiratory system. Effective intervention is very important to control tobacco. The current smokers had worse perceived health status than never smokers, which can be easily observed among male elder population. The men who stopped smoking for long time had better perceived health status than who stopped recently.


In the article, the author analyzes the consolidation of the concept of "electronic government" in the Russian legal field, and also examines various theoretical and legal approaches to the definition of this concept within the framework of a broad and narrow understanding of its essence. The author comes to the conclusion that the optimal definition of e-government should combine both of these approaches, corresponding to the directions of its conceptual perception, characteristic of both the continental and Anglo-Saxon legal systems, and the subjects providing services in electronic format should include not only bodies public authorities, but, in general, bodies performing public functions, which should also be reflected in the final definition.


The adult rodent epididymis and seminal vesicles were shown by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning. Northern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization to be major expression sites of an mRNA encoding a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface antigen that has been previously described as the mouse lymphocyte differentiation antigen B7, herein referred to as MB7. Sequence comparison of the corresponding epididymal cDNAs from the mouse (MB7) and the rat (RB7) revealed an unexpected divergence in the peptide coding regions of these homologous genes. A possible functional relationship to the human sperm surface and lymphocyte differentiation antigen CDw52/HE5 is discussed with respect to the highly variable mature peptide coding regions.


A base station determines a first number of component carriers (CC) monitored by a user equipment (UE) and partitions a soft buffer for storing one or more decoding failed data packets A soft buffer management is disclosed in which a second number of CCs is determined, wherein the second number is different from the first number. Various aspects implement determination of a second number of CCs using Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) clearance information for unlicensed CCs used in the communication system.


Electrospinning has attracted much attention recently as a direct and consecutive fabrication technique for producing nano-scale to micro-scale fibers.In order to achieve deeper understanding of fiber change in the electrospinning process,this paper explores the mesoscopic simulation method of dissipative particle dynamics to create the electrospinning simulation system.The effect of viscosity on fiber falling velocity in different stages,the effect of chain length on fiber falling morphology and the effect of spring coefficient on end to end distance of polymer chains were successfully simulated.Melt-electrospinning process was theoretically studied and explored from the mesoscopic perspective.Deeper comprehension of scientific issues of this physical phenomenon was acquired.


P icture yourself sitting on a park bench. A man sits next to you and strikes up a conversation. You respond politely, but soon, he's ranting and raving about the electricity industry, of all things. On the one hand, you want to extricate yourself from this man's rambling hysteria. On the other, he seems to be making sense; he's putting in perspective things you've read about, didn't understand, but often wondered about. Is he just a crackpot or a holder of truths no one will give him credit for? That's the dilemma facing the reader of Sham? Shame! Inside the Electric Power Industry. The book began life as an insider investigation of the U.S. power industry by Jack Casazza, a well-respected authority on the U.S. electricity transmission system and an IEEE life member. When his publisher declined the manuscript (Casazza claims it was too "hot"), he fictionalized his findings in a novel centered on the collapse of the U.S. electricity system. The book is peppered with valid and reasoned arguments about what went wrong with electricity deregulation. Virtually all of it focuses on California. Casazza has for years been pointing out that the U.S. electricity transmission grid was built one way (for limited transfers of bulk power from one area to another) but is being forced to operate in an entirely different way (as a competitive market). I have deep respect for Casazza because I've studied his articles in the industry trade publications with care and I believe he will be vindicated in his view that this is a fundamental weakness within the U.S. electric power system. That said, the book is an eyesore; there is no line space between headings and text, and indiscriminate use of italics and boldface abound. More seriously, Sham? Shame! is disjointed. Fragments of text from letters and articles the author wrote many years ago are interspersed with the e-mail correspondence of experts participating in an on-line exercise charged with coming to grips with the California energy crisis of 2000 and 2001, when rolling blackouts kept blanketing the state. Throughout, the author maligns politicians, journalists, utility company executives, lawyers, and career engineers who opt out and retire. In the end, you get the feeling that only Casazza himself, the seasoned engineer, can save the industry from the depths of self-destruction, even though, more than once, he wonders whether he's simply an old man out of touch with today's society. Sadly, as a result, many valid points and revelations about what happened in California, and some of the basic illogic the industry has operated under for years, are buried in this diatribe. Still, one problem that I particularly liked to see him highlight is that of the so-called utility fuel adjustment clause. This allows utilities to pass fuel cost increases directly to consumers, insulating utilities from risk and so eliminating a powerful incentive for increased efficiency. Another hot-button topic Casazza raises is that the deregulation of the electricity industry was essentially driven by the 30 largest energy-consuming industrial firms in the United States who make up the Electricity Consumers Council of America. This kind of insight, especially valuable to those outside the industry, needs to be disseminated, and I certainly give credit to Casazza for trying to do so. But there are important issues that Casazza omits. Nowhere is it mentioned that the deregulation of wholesale prices and protection of retail prices helped send California (and other parts of the country, like the Midwest in 1998) into a tailspin and bankrupted the local utilities. And although Casazza repeats that the ratepayer is getting screwed, virtually every state competition program began with an automatic rate reduction for consumers. So it's more complex than even our seasoned insider author is admitting. Had this book been written less passionately and with more care, it could have been a publishing sensation. Casazza's message and its delivery to the rate-paying public is essential and it's too bad an offer for such a book couldn't be in every electric utility bill. • Stephen Cass, Editor Power Struggle


Supernumerary tooth (ST) is a developmental anomaly that has been argued to arise from multiple aetiologies. These may occur in primary and permanent dentition. They are classified based on form, morphology, location, and occurrence. However, combinations of environmental and genetic factors are the most probable cause for the same. Supernumerary teeth cause a range of complications like crowding, displacement, dilacerations, cyst formation, and so forth. The present case deals with the problem of minor crowding that arose due to the presence of supernumerary teeth and its management.


The interaction high-intensity sound with bulk porous materials in porous materials including Kevlar 29 is reported. The nonlinear behavior of the materials was described by dc flow resistivity tests. Then acoustic propagation and reflection were measured and small signal broadband measurements of phase speed and attenuation were carried out. High-intensity tests were made with 1, 2, and 3 kHz tone bursts to measure harmonic generation and extra attenuation of the fundamental. Small signal standing wave tests measured impedence between 0.1 and 3.5 kHz. High level tests with single cycle tone bursts at 1 to 4 kHz show that impedance increases with intensity. A theoretical analysis is presented for high-porosity, rigid-frame, isothermal materials. One dimensional equations of motion are derived and solved by perturbation. The experiments show that there is excess attenuation of the fundamental component and in some cases a close approach to saturation. A separate theoretical model, developed to explain the excess attenuation, yields predictions that are in good agreement with the measurements. Impedance and attenuation at high intensities are modeled.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) surveillance applications usually employed magnetometer for recognizing the ferrous objects. Novel magnetic sensing model which includes azimuth parameter is suggested to understand the anisotropic characteristic of magnetic field through numerous outdoor experiments.


Financial institutions are one of the factors driving the economic growth of a country; they play an essential and indispensable role. One of the Islamic banking financial institutions, whose operational pattern follows the principles of sharia or Muamalah Islam, is that the BPRS has two main functions, namely the fund collection function and the financing function. The purpose of this study is to analyze one of the strategies that can support the BPRS to carry out its functions, namely the marketing mix strategy (product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence on interests and decisions using Murabahah Financing in PT BPRS Amanah Insan Cita. Financing is the provision of funds or receipts in the form of profit sharing transactions in the form of Mudharabah and musyarakah, lease transactions in ijarah muntahiya bittamlik, sale and purchase transactions in the form of murabahah receivables, loan transactions in the form of qardh receivables, and leasing transactions in the form of ijarah for multilateral transactions based on agreement between sharia banks and other parties requiring the party financed or funded by the fund to recover the funds after a certain period of time in exchange for ujrah, without compensation or profit sharing.The sample in this study is PT BPRS Amanah Insan Cita Medan totaling 168 customers. The research was conducted at the location of PT BPRS Amanah Insan Cita. The results showed that the most influential variables on interest and the decision to propose Murabahah financing were product variables. While the variables with low effects are price and process. The strategy that needs to be done to increase further interest and the decision to propose Murabahah financing is to improve prices and the marketing process. IJSB Accepted 12 February 2019 Published 17 February 2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2567414


The Sc galaxy M 99 in the Virgo Cluster has been strongly affected by tidal interactions and recent close encounters, responsible for an asymmetric spiral pattern and a high star formation rate. Our XMM-Newton study shows that the inner disc is dominated by hot plasma at kT approximate to 0.30 keV, with a total X-ray luminosity of approximate to 10(41) erg s(-1) in the 0.3-12 keV band. At the outskirts of the galaxy, away from the main star-forming regions, there is an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) with an X-ray luminosity of approximate to 2 x 10(40) erg s(-1) and a hard spectrum well fitted by a power law of photon index Gamma approximate to 1.7. This source is close to the location where a massive H I cloud appears to be falling on to the M 99 disc at a relative speed of > 100 km s(-1). We suggest that there may be a direct physical link between fast cloud collisions and the formation of bright ULXs, which may be powered by accreting black holes with masses similar to 100 M-circle dot. External collisions may trigger large-scale dynamical collapses of protoclusters, leading to the formation of very massive (greater than or similar to 200 M-circle dot) stellar progenitors; we argue that such stars may later collapse into massive black holes if their metal abundance is sufficiently low.


A survey of 44 schools shows that 27 have no student rating system other than formal grades, 9 use informal comments by faculty and 8 have rating systems using detailed, structured forms. The author, who examines these procedures, is a journalism professor at Oklahoma State University, where he also is associated with the OSU Research Foundation.


For many children living in conditions of urban poverty, earning money can provide additional resources to them and their families, and this raises interesting questions about the potential biological consequences (costs and benefits) of children's work in 'modern' settings. This study uses time allocation, ethnographic, dietary, and anthropometric data collected with 96 urban Mexican shantytown children (aged 8–12 years) and their older and younger siblings (aged 1–18 years) to test hypotheses related to the effects of children's cash earning and cash contributions to their households for their own and their sibs' nutritional status. Regression models show that children's contributions to household income and the time they allocate to working outside the home makes no difference to their own or their younger siblings' nutritional status assessed anthropometrically. Dietary quality, based on food recalls, is worse in working than non‐working children, even taking household income into account. Children's allocation of time to work and their cash contributions to the household do however significantly improve the weight of their older siblings, especially sisters. This suggests children's work in urban ecologies might have different constraints and opportunities for their own and siblings' growth and nutrition than typically observed in subsistence settings. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We have shown in primary cultures of neonatal rat choroid plexus that cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative stress and stimulates apical choline uptake. Glutathione (GSH) supplementation negates changes in redox state and choline uptake. Zinc (Zn), a trace mineral normally accumulated by choroid plexus ameliorates oxidative stress and stress‐modulation of choline uptake. We hypothesize that Zn abates oxidative stress and stress‐modulation of choline uptake via induction of MT‐1. Thus, in choroid plexus primary cultures we evaluated the effects of GSH depletion and silencing of MT‐1 gene expression on the efficacy of Zn to disrupt Cd‐induced modulation of apical 3H‐choline uptake (10 μM, 30 min). Cells were supplemented with Zn (≤25 μM, 48 h) ± 100 μM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) before 12‐h exposure to 500 nM Cd. Cd stimulated choline uptake by 78%; Zn attenuated stimulation irrespective of BSO treatment. Cells then were transfected with MT‐1 siRNA; this reduced MT‐1 RNA expression by 75%. In untreated cells, Cd stimulated choline uptake by 60%, and Zn abated stimulation; negative siRNA transfection did not alter modulation of uptake by either Cd or Zn. However, in cells transfected with MT‐1 siRNA Cd stimulated choline uptake by 100%, and Zn failed to abate stimulation. These preliminary data suggest the efficacy of Zn to disrupt stress‐modulation of choline uptake in choroid plexus is dependent on MT‐1 induction.


In the present work are presented experimental results referring to the nucleate pool boiling regime of the saturated R-134a in external surfaces of smooth and micro-fin copper pipes. The tests were carried through for pressures varying between 6, 1 and 12, 2 bar and heat flux varying between 0, 1 and 100 kW/m. This work includes, still, the analysis of the effect of the circumferential distribution of the heat transfer coefficient (h), the comparison of the experimental h with the calculated h for the main correlations existing in literature and visualizations of the boiling phenomenon for different test conditions. The analysis of the results showed that the confinement of the bubbles in the fins and the roughness of the heating surface of the copper pipe with micro-fin, whose structure was gotten by the conventional usinagem, had been determinative to get a stabilization in the growth of h in determined bands of heat transfer and pressures, indicating a possible beginning of drying of the heating surface. In addition, the visualizations showed that the formation of vapor "mushroom" in the downward region of the pipe also contributed so that this stabilization of h was reached.


; Ecological rationality is paradigm shift after the growth of economic rationality. Based on the background of China's social transformation, in the development of uneven and unfair distribution of the basic national conditions, China's environmental interests rendering rural/urban and region differences. Caused by the difference of endowment of natural resources and environmental pollution, and uneven regional development, and urban/rural dual system of barrier. There shaped environmental advantages and environmental vulnerable under the conditions of economic poverty, rights poverty and ability poverty.


A new type ion source including sample inlet pipe of quadrupole type mass spectrometer for analysis of UF6 has been made. Fundamental characteristics of the ion source, such as pressure characteristic, flow rate, sensitivity of the ion source for UFG, inlet and evacuation characteristic were evaluated. The ion source showed good operational stability under low pressure and small flow rate, which were 1.0~2.0 Torr and 0.3~0.4 mg/h, respectively. Inlet characteristic was within 60s, evacuation characteristic to remove residual UF6 less than 0.1% level was 15s. Sensitivity coefficient of the ion source was 0.5~1.0 Torr-1. In consequence, it proved that the ion source had long life and memory effect was negligible small. This ion source was also applied to measure 235U isotope ratio. Both precision and accuracy were within ±0.40% for UF6 sample whose enrichment was more than 1.0%. It was clear that this ion source had good performances and it contributed to isotope ratio measurements with good accuracy.


The effect of alternating electric fields on the confinement of a collisionless plasma is studied in a toroidal l=3 stellarator. Radio-frequency fields with an adjustable spectrum spanning the frequency range corresponding to the bounce frequency of trapped reflection of localized electrons, f/sub b/approx. =0.2--1.2 MHz, are excited in an injected plasma of density napprox. (1-5) x10/sup 9/ cm/sup -3/ with an electron temperature T/sub e/approx. =5 eV. It is found experimentally that the plasma confinement time under superbanana-diffusion conditions can be raised 20--40% through the appropriate choice of the frequency range of the low--level longitudinal rf fields which are excited. At intermediate electron-collision frequencies (the ''plateau'' region), the rf fields do not affect the confinement. When monochromatic electric fields are excited in the plasma, there is again no substantial effect on the superbanana diffusion.


The effectiveness of a pharmaceutical agent depends on its form and route of administration; therefore it is important to understand the various forms in which drugs are dispensed. The student will differentiate between solid, semi-solid, and liquid dosage forms, name forms in which drugs are manufactured and their subcategories, list examples of drugs for each dosage form, and define the medical terms associated with drug forms.


Energy system is the largest source of carbon emissions in a country or region. Since China ' s economic increases rapidly these years, it also brings the growth of energy consumption and carbon emissions. This paper indicates an index decomposition analysis to evaluate the carbon emissions from industrial energy activities of China. From the results, we can conclude that the economic growth cycle fluctuation and the increase of industrial production is the major reason for the rapid increase in carbon emissions.


Novation is regulated under articles 133 of the Turkish Code of Obligations. Nonetheless, as a rule, if a promissory note is issued for a debt arising from the basic debt relationship, the basic debt relationship is not considered to be renewed. In this case the basic debt relationship does not terminat and the creditor has competing requests. Therefore, if the credit arising from the promissory note cannot be obtained for any reason, the creditor may demand his/her credit based on the underlying basic debt relationship. The General Assembly of Civil Chambers on the Unification of Judgements of the Court of Cassation has a decision dated 25.12.2019, numbered E. 2019/1, K. 2019/8. At that dijudication, the maturity date in a time promissory note can not be considered in the context of the default in actions or execution proceedings based on the underlying basic debt relationship. The legal arguments established in this decision are considerably controversial. For example, the connection between the relationship arising from the issuance of the promissory note and the basic debt relationship is not considered enough in the decision. Besides the concept of procedural request was ignored in the decision. Procedural request is the demand which is directed to the court, which is a definite determination of a legal conclusion, that is the provision of a certain legal protection. Where the debt is due, the obligor falls in default by the notification of the obligee. But the concepts of maturity and default are used incorrectly. Because it is unclear whether the promissory note has been presented for payment, judgment is not adequately clear and needs clarification. In this study, various evaluations were made by approaching the legal issue in the decision from the points of view of civil procedure law, civil law and commercial law. In addition, various evaluations were made regarding the institutions and concepts discussed in the decision.


_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The present study aimed to study the protective effect of alpha- Asarone in CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each containing six rats. CCL4 was given at a dosage of 0.5 mL/kg to produce hepatotoxicity, and serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and albumin, as well as hepatic hydroxyproline (HP), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), cytokines, and NO, were assessed. CCL4 treatment resulted in a decrease in body weight and an increase in liver weight in rats, while treatment with α- Asarone resulted in normal body and liver weight. Serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, HP, GSH, MDA, and cytokines were increased in CCL4 treated rats. α- Asarone-treated rats showed a reduction in oxidative stress as well as inhibited the release of cytokines in dose dependent manner and showed protection against hepatotoxicity. From the study, we conclude that, α- Asarone has a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4.


The indirect tax burden in China is higher than that of the OECD members,but the direct tax burden is lower than that of the OECD members. In view of every tax in our country compared with that of the OECD members,the ratio of goods and service tax in China accounting for GDP is not low,the proportion of personal income tax and social security contributions accounting for GDP is lower,the percentage of enterprise income tax and property tax accounting for GDP is the same as that of OECD members basically.


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Between 1950 and 1980, the average number of farmworkers employed in California agriculture increased 3 percent, from 218,000 to 224,000, while the average employment of farmers and family workers declined 52 percent, from 132,000 to 64,000. Statewide statistics are not always reliable indicators of what has happened to the farm labor market in specific commodities, and the apparent stability of average farmworker employment obscures the dramatic changes that have occurred in particular commodities.


This paper,by using month data of January 2002 to December 2011,analyses whether world crude oil future price affects the price of Chinese agricultural products,such as corn,wheat,soybeans and pork prices.By means of time series analysis about the relationship between world crude oil price and the Chinese agriculture products price,for example,the unite root test,cointegration test,impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis.Result shows that world crude oil price fluctuations has different effects on those Chinese agriculture products price,a greater impact on corn,wheat;and no significant impact on the pork price.


Software development is often considered to be difficult for engineering students. Nowadays, in many embedded systems, software portion is always expected to have the greater impact on the behavior of entire systems. Therefore, educators continue to face great challenges in getting students to be capable of conducting efficient software development. This paper presents our experiences of introducing both eclipse-based tools and advanced model-based design (MBD) methodology into a system-level Programming Tools course for senior electrical engineering and computer engineering students. Eclipse is an integrated software development environment from IBM. Recently, eclipse-based development tools have been employed by increasing number of software projects in both academy and industry. Many eclipse-based software tools support MBD, which is an emerging development methodology for complex embedded software. The novelty of our work is to introduce students the MBD process in combination with eclipse-based tools. The goal is to equip engineering students with the knowledge of using real-world software tools and cost-efficient software development methods. Our primary observations show that this combination could help students understand advanced software development technologies in practice, and improve the efficiency of designing and implementing complex embedded software projects.


Due to the social context of engineering classrooms, stereotype threat (STT) may play an essential role in the dearth of AA females in engineering. Empirical studies have confirmed the deleterious effects STT has on students' performance. However, acceptance of STT as more than a laboratory phenomenon necessitates an in-depth understanding of how stigmatized groups experience being socially devalued and negatively stereotyped. In this qualitative investigation, the Critical Race Theory tenet of counter-storytelling is applied to capture the narratives of AA females to comprehend how they resist or overcome STT and persist in engineering. Data from semi-structured interviews is used to assess what meaning AA female engineering students construct of events that trigger or protect them from STT. Findings suggest that AA females in engineering are certainly experiencing STT. Preliminary analysis reveal five characteristic themes shared by the participants: (1) excessive competitiveness with other students, es...


In this study, a thermoelectric power generation (TEG) system coupling with phase change material (PCM) module for thermal control and storage has been fabricated. Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) TEG devices were applied to convert heat into electricity and Sn-Ag-In alloy PCM was employed for heat storage. A cooling channel with pure water and graphene nanofluids as heat exchange media was attached tightly with the cold-sides of the TEG devices. The effects of the flow rate of cooling water and the mass fraction of graphene nanofluids on the heat transfer process and the performance of the as fabricated TEG-PCM coupling system have been investigated. It is found that increasing the heat exchange capability of the cooling channel would help the PCM module to enhance the heat absorption and utilization of thermal energy from heat source, which in turn brings about the improvement of efficiency of TEG system. The output voltage of TEG system by using pure water for cooling is improved by 6.6%-13.1% with the acceleration of flow rate. Using graphene nanofluids as heat exchange media, the TEG system could achieve 7.2%–18.5% enhancement in output voltage with an increase in the mass fraction of the used nanofluid.


This journal article discusses how to reveal the ideology through two approaches, those are transtivity process by MAK Halliday and the theoretical framework in Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough. This journal article investigates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton ideology, then compares their ideology who is more prominent. Before revealing their ideology, the researcher compares the transtivity process of both candidates and finds that Donald Trump has 281 clauses consist of transtivity process, while Hillary Clinton has 203 clauses consist of transtivity process. The differences of the total numbers of transtivity process, it also reflects to the tendency of ideology. It has shown that Trump has 60% to the citizen involvement rather than Hillary has 52%. Then, in the aspect of national priority, Hillary has the highest tendency that is 16% rather than Trump has 6%. The third aspect is policy of law Hillary also has the highest tendency that is 11% than Trump only 7%. In the aspect of equality in democracy ideology, Trump gets 7% while Hillary gets 0%. In the last aspect, is national unity Trump gets 20% tendency than Hillary gets 19%. Finally, the researcher concludes that Donald Trump's ideology is the most prominent than Hillary Clinton.


To improve the effects of brushless excitation generator fault diagnosis system of rotating rectifier,TMS320LF2407A was used as core component and a brushless excitation generator fault diagnosis system of rotating rectifier was established.The design of the system's hardware was discussed.The design method of its hardware circuit and software documentation method were proposed.The experimental results show that the system has some practical value.


6008 Background: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 are active in metastatic oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPC). Durvalumab (durva) and tremelimumab (tremi) target respectively PD-L1 and CTLA-4, which in combination may be synergistic. Here we report the safety and interim results of durva vs. durva+tremi prior to surgery in a window of opportunity trial in OPC. Methods: Pts were randomized 1:1 to durva 1500 mg or durva 1500 mg + tremi 75 mg IV Q4W x 2 cycles. The primary objective was to quantify pre- and post-treatment differences in CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for the two arms. Secondary objectives included safety, toxicity, ORR by RECIST, fraction of patients undergoing surgery at 8 wks, and percentage viable tumor cells in the surgical specimen. Serial pre- and post-treatment blood and tumor specimens were collected for ongoing correlative analyses. Results: 28 pts enrolled: median age 64y, 27 (96%) male, 19 (68%) newly diagnosed, most (63%) at stage IVA (AJCC 7th Ed), 9 (32%) had locoregional recurrence, 24 (86%) p16 positive, and 22 (79%) had ≤ 10 PPY smoking history. Median follow-up was 7.6 months. The most common AEs were fatigue (36%), leukopenia/lymphopenia (25%), transaminitis (25%), and rash (21%). Grade 3 AEs occurred in 4 (14%) pts: 2 elevated lipase, 1 diarrhea, and 1 hepatitis, all were manageable. There were no grade >3 AEs. ORR was 43%: 50% had SD (including 29% tumor shrinkage in 1 pt). Treatment effect in the surgical specimen was observed in 19 (79%) of 24 evaluable pts; 2 pts had major pathologic response (≤ 10% viable tumor) at the primary site. Efficacy was equivalent in both arms. The 2 pts with PD and 1 pt with SD were switched to chemotherapy after durva +/- tremi before resection; interestingly, each achieved a pCR in the primary. Most pts (57%) didn't receive radiotherapy after surgery. There was a statistically significant association between ORR and treatment effect (p=0.014). The median percentage of viable tumor in the primary was 37.5% in pts with PR, and 82.5% in SD (p=0.003). Conclusions: Durva +/- tremi prior to surgery was well tolerated in OPC pts. Activity is encouraging with treatment effect seen in 79% of pts. The primary endpoint and complete efficacy data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT03144778.