The APHA consultant teams purpose was to gain an overview of rural health problems in Kenya and define the scope of work for longterm consultants. The team found the most critical problem to be the shortage of human resources; the highest priority should be given to training of both health unit teams and training personnel. The development of physical facilities has not proceeded according to the Ministry of Healths rural health plan but a survey of existing centers is underway. Deficiencies in the maintenance and repair of equipment were also noted. Fiscal resources are uncertain and there is serious lack of management expertise in spite of heavy emphasis placed by training programs on management by objectives. Most of the effort to increase services to mothers and children and provide immunization safe drinking water and sanitation has not yet borne fruit although some progress has been made in integration of health care communicable disease control and improved information gathering on health. The team recommended that a generalist be hired to work within the Ministry of Health to develop longterm Rural Health Program and identify specific projects for USAID funding. Specialists should be requested on a shortterm basis to prepare detailed project proposals for specific areas starting with training facilities and immunization. The entire project should be routinely evaluated by an external panel including members of the consultant team. A description of the scope of the generalists work the procedures for and criteria of his selection and a projected timetable of his work concludes the report.


We assume that complex mental changes caused by penal stress are often accompanied by a decline in the immune response. Evaluation immunophysiological shifts in people adolescence that are conditions of detention are the target of this study. A total of 57 adolescents, 47 of them students of educational colonies of Russia's largest cities, and 10 students of secondary and higher educational institutions of the city are surveyed. They examined the immune status by standardized methods. Phagocytic index and phagocytic number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes of the adolescents containing in educational colony, had considerably below norm. At the analysis of absolute quantity T-helpers and T-suppressors is revealed CD4, or isolated activation of CD8. It is drawn a conclusion, that adaptable reaction to conditions of a punishment cell is accompanied by phase changes of the immune status which expressiveness has specific features. In conditions of holding in custody strengthening immunosuppressor and cytotoxic effect that is shown by activation T-effectors and NK-cells becomes leader and a parallel decrease in the proportion of T-helper cells. It is formed Th2-helper type of immune response, characterized by the suppression of cellular responses and prerequisites for the prevalence of humoral response.


Dr. F. Rasetti, working at these laboratories, has clearly shown by his experiments on the Raman effect in nitrogen that the even rotational states of the nitrogen molecule have a greater weight than the odd rotational states in contradistinction to the behavior of the hydrogen molecule.


Aiming to generate a set of keyphrases, Keyphrase Generation (KG) is a classical task for capturing the central idea from a given document. Based on Seq2Seq models, the previous reinforcement learning framework on KG tasks utilizes the evaluation metrics to further improve the well-trained neural models. However, these KG evaluation metrics such as $F_1@5$ and $F_1@M$ are only aware of the exact correctness of predictions on phrase-level and ignore the semantic similarities between similar predictions and targets, which inhibits the model from learning deep linguistic patterns. In response to this problem, we propose a new fine-grained evaluation metric to improve the RL framework, which considers different granularities: token-level $F_1$ score, edit distance, duplication, and prediction quantities. On the whole, the new framework includes two reward functions: the fine-grained evaluation score and the vanilla $F_1$ score. This framework helps the model identifying some partial match phrases which can be further optimized as the exact match ones. Experiments on KG benchmarks show that our proposed training framework outperforms the previous RL training frameworks among all evaluation scores. In addition, our method can effectively ease the synonym problem and generate a higher quality prediction. The source code is available at \url{https://github.com/xuyige/FGRL4KG}.


Tramadol is placed under Drug Controlled Substance Act, in India since 2018, owing to its extensive abuse as a narcotic substance recently. Subsequently, there is increased illegal trafficking across our nation for the drug tramadol. Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi receives confiscated drugs and toxicological samples for chemical analysis to evaluate their precise composition enabling regulations from law enforcement agencies. Although considered a safe drug for its anti-inflammatory properties when used under medical guidance nevertheless, unintentional fatal tramadol intoxication due to its action on opioid receptors has been reported in several autopsy cases. Contraband tramadol is presently being examined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrumental techniques in routine forensic examination. In the proposed study, an advanced sensitive technique Gas Chromatography Infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR) was explored as an alternative tool for rapid identification and confirmation. Standard Tramadol was used for method establishment and the method was subsequently applied to seized drug samples and Biological Fluids (blood, and urine samples). Findings of the study indicate that this method can be successfully applied to seized drugs and biological toxicological samples in the forensic examination for the drug Tramadol which was successfully detected by GC-IR. This new rapid analytical method will prove beneficial for the forensic community during routine examination of forensic samples with confirmation.


Prunus africana is a medicinal plant species whose exploitation became abusive over the years due to the high properties of its bark. It faces multiple challenges: the recalcitrance of its seeds and the irregular fruiting which makes its sexual regeneration difficult. Therefore, asexual regeneration has been set as the appropriate corridor for its domestication. Nonetheless, this way has encountered difficulties, particularly in the continuous growth of cuttings due to the weak development of its root systems. The optimization of plant mycorrhizal symbiosis is a key factor to overcome this constraint. This justifies the aim of this work which was to develop a method of producing P. africana cuttings inoculated with its native Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to improve its regeneration. To undergo this purpose, soils samples were collected in three Mounts (Cameroon, Oku and Manengouba), then, isolation and characterization of AMF species was done after the fungi trapping culture followed by a pre-germination, multiplication and evaluation of their growth efficiency. To see their real efficiency on Prunus root system, each AMF species multiplied has been used as biofertilizer on Prunus cuttings in a frame, where indol butyric acid (AIB) was used as positive control and water was applied as a negative control. The result revealed the presence of six species of AMF belonging to the genera Gigaspora (1), Glomus (3) and Acaulospora (2). Each AMF species showed a great capacity of growth improvement and self-multiplication. Inoculated AM fungi increased the root density of Prunus africana cuttings with an average root number of 35 for the more efficient species (Gigaspora margarita), compared to the positive control which had an average root number of 10 and the negative control 4. These results can contribute to the improvement of P. africana regeneration.


Monte Carlo simulations of lattice spin models are employed to investigate the creation of inversion walls in nematic films with specific boundary conditions. The simulations, based on the well known Lebwohl-Lasher potential, allow to produce simulated polarized microscopy images which are followed during their evolution and analysed for different film thicknesses.


Evolution equations for the coupled relaxation of densities and temperatures for the components in nonideal partially ionized plasmas are given. In these equations many‐body effects, such as screening, self‐energy, and lowering of the binding energy, are included. The coupled equations are solved numerically for a hydrogen plasma consisting of electrons, protons, and atoms. Impact ionization, three‐body recombination, and elastic processes are taken into account. Thermal relaxation times are determined and the results are compared with those from the literature. The influence of many‐body effects on the evolution process are discussed. In some cases, a significantly increased lifetime of the two‐temperature regime is found.


Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and pigeonpea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani are the most important nematode pests of pigeonpea, distributed in all the pigeonpea growing areas and causing considerable losses. Number of genotypes of pigeonpea have been tested and screened against root knot and cyst nematodes (Dabur et al., 1998, Velayutham, 1988). However, very few genotypes are reported highly resistant against root knot nematode, which could be used as donor for including in the nematode resistant breeding programme. Similarly, there is no report so far in pigeonpea genotypes against H. cajani, which could serve as a donor. Inter generic crosses being possible with the help of biotechnology, resistance available in the wild relatives of pigeonpea can be used by transferring into the cultivable varieties. Therefore, reaction of 17 accessions of wild relatives of pigeonpea was evaluated against Kanpur population of root knot nematode, M. javanica and pigeonpea cyst nematode, H. cajani under pot culture conditions.


Background: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection. Nephrotoxicity however, may contribute to long‐term allograft dysfunction.


The use of a commercially available thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) operated in its isothermal mode is illustrated for studies of penetration of a hemispherically-tipped probe into a material sample. Two amorphous copolymers were studied at various temperatures above their softening points. Kinetics of penetration are compared with tensile creep measurements for these viscoelastic materials. A simple semi-empirical relationship between creep and penetration at small strains is applied and found to yield approximate although not exact agreement with experiment. It is thus possible that for homogeneous materials of this type creep data might be easily predicted with a fair degree of accuracy from penetration data and vice versa. Experimental problems involved in the TMA penetration technique are discussed.


The boys stand barefoot, clad in fraying garments. They do not face the photographer, but rather gaze smiling, perhaps laughing, to their right. A caption dates the photograph (see the cover image) to 1955, places it at San Juan Chamula, a Tzotzil town in the Chiapas highlands, and specifies that it was taken in the course of an anti–whooping cough campaign organized by Mexico's Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI, National Indigenist Institute). The boys' laughter, however, was not in response to the prospect of their imminent vaccination, but rather to a spectacle provided by the INI for the occasion: Teatro Petul, a puppet show, staged off camera to the boys' right. Teatro Petul's comical performances, in native languages such as Tzotzil, were intended to convince as they entertained, conveying to audiences young and old the importance of collaborating with the INI's modernization and public health programs. More than simply documenting an immunization campaign, the photograph seems to document a novel relationship between the Mexican state and its indigenous subjects. That relationship, the photograph seems to suggest, could be one built on affect, trust, and even friendship, thus securing the promises of modernity with the power of laughter. The articles presented in this collection under the title "Constructing the Maya" are case studies of ethnicity and state formation in indigenous areas of Yucatán (Eiss and Fallaw), highland Chiapas (Lewis), and highland Guatemala (Carey and Little). Both individually and as a collective, the authors are well aware of the difficulties of adopting "the Maya" as a rubric. While the term "Maya" has gained in currency in recent years in the wake of pan-Maya movements in Guatemala and Mexico (Fischer and


In 1913 a group of Midwest brick manufacturers began a daunting but ultimately successful effort to create a model brick house for the Panama‐Pacific International Exposition in 1915. The struggle reflects the challenges confronting the brick industry in the face of fierce competition from the established but innovative lumber interests and the emerging but equally competitive concrete business. It also provides a glimpse into the problems facing many of the entrenched elements of the construction industry struggling to adjust to changing markets and marketing strategies in the years just before and after World War I. Finally, because the venue of this particular skirmish was the West Coast, while the activists hailed from the Midwest and included several of Chicago's most progressive architects, the ensuing conflict also reveals something about the rivalry between adherents of the California frame bungalow and promoters of the Prairie School brick house.


Money laundering is considered an illegitimate global phenomenon that deteriorates any country's economic stability. The main objective of this chapter is to investigate the relationship between money laundering and institutional quality by considering several variables such as government stability, corruption, bureaucracy quality, law and order, and democratic accountability. The study investigates these relationships by using panel quantile regression. The findings suggest a significant relationship between good governance and money laundering and a significant negative relationship between government stability and illicit financial flows. In order to eradicate or control money laundering, governments need to be stable, and institutions should operate under favorable conditions. However, if money launderers manage to infiltrate these institutions with bribery and corruption, then it becomes incredibly difficult to stop the planned crimes like money laundering.


A spatially confined photocatalytic oxidation of a thin film of synthetic textile azo dye (Procion Red MX-5B) using TiO2-functionalized AFM probes is described.


Abstract Normal motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint requires bony support, intact articular surfaces, unimpeded tendon gliding, and uncompromised integrity of the collateral ligaments and volar plate. Deficiency in any one of these structural requirements can lead to a loss of finger joint motion and decreased hand function. Once finger extension is lost, options include nonsurgical or surgical treatment. Nonsurgical treatment such as splinting or serial casting should be tried before attempting surgical intervention. When severe flexion deformity exists or the vascular status of the finger has been compromised, arthrodesis or amputation should be undertaken instead of procedures to regain motion. Surgical options for regaining motion include external fixators and open surgical release. Although they can lead to improved extension at the proximal interphalangeal joint, external fixators carry a risk of reduced finger flexion and pin site infection. Most clinical series of patients who have undergone surgical release document improvement in flexion contracture between 25° to 30° and a shift of the flexion/extension arc into a more functional range. Close follow‐up after surgery is warranted, with frequent physical therapy and splinting.


After nearly twenty-five years on the bench, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor left the Supreme Court at the end of January 2006. There has been much discussion of Justice O'Connor's decisions in areas such as federalism, the First Amendment's Establishment Clause, and affirmative action, among other topics. But very little has been written about her important role in the development of federal constitutional law concerning the "right to die." This Essay seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring Justice O'Connor's important concurring opinions in Cruzan and Glucksberg. I argue that these opinions created constitutional promises of a sort that remain unfulfilled as Justice O'Connor retires. I also explain why this need not have been the case while highlighting the real world consequences of the failure to live up to the promises.


Abstract A pilot-scale bioventing test was conducted at the Greenwood Chemical Superfund Site in Virginia. The characteristics of the site included clayey-sand soils and nonfuel organic contamination such as acetone, toluene, and naphthalene in the vadose zone. Based on the results of an earlier treatability study, an 80-ft by 80-ft (24-m by 24-m) treatment plot was established in a 35-ft (11-m) vadose zone. Air was injected at a low flowrate for 15 months. Performance monitoring included initial and final soil analysis and periodic soil gas analysis and in situ respiration tests. After beginning aeration, soil gas oxygen levels in the plot rose slowly, reaching 10% at virtually all measured locations in approximately 4 months. In situ respiration rates decreased with time indicating that the site was being cleaned. Soil concentrations of the target contaminants decreased significantly during the test, with > 98% confidence for acetone, naphthalene, benzene, chlorobenzene, and toluene, and > 90% confidenc...


A detailed study of vascular plants in the Tobolinka Nature Reserve (Augustów Forest, NE Poland) was carried out in July 2016 and February 2020. The reserve covers a very small area, and the diversity of its plant communities is very low due to the high acidity of its habitats (extremely poor fen surrounding a small polyhumic lake; wet and mesic pine forest). Only 48 species were recorded, including five species red-listed nationally (e.g. Goodyera repens, Scheuchzeria palustris).


Multi-component thermal fluid (MCTF) huff and puff technology is an innovative heavy oil development technology widely used in China offshore oilfields. MCTFs mainly include steam, N2 and CO2. Under high temperature and high pressure, the physical and chemical reactions between thermal fluids and rocks occur, damaging the reservoir permeability and production effect. In this paper, 16 groups of core comparison experiments were carried out by MCTF device, the influence of original permeability, temperature and component on reservoir damage was quantitatively studied, and a mathematical model was established. Finally, the influence of reservoir damage on heavy oil development was investigated through numerical simulation. The experimental study reveals that MCTF has an obvious damage effect on the reservoir, where temperature and PV dominate the damage degree; with the increase of MCTF injection volume (PV), the core permeability rapidly decreases initially and stabilizes later (>6 PV). The numerical simulation results show that reservoir damage could lead to a recovery drop by 6.9% during MCTF development; on the premise of considering reservoir damage, MCTF huff and puff will further improve oil recovery by 9.68% compared with pure steam. The research is of great significance for understanding the production law of MCTF huff and puff and helpful for promoting the development of offshore heavy oil reservoir.


Envy freeness is one of the most widely studied notions in fair division. Because envy-free allocations do not always exist when items are indivisible, several relaxations have been considered. Among them, possibly the most compelling notion is envy freeness up to any item (EFX). Informally speaking, EFX requires that no agent i envies another agent j after the removal of any item in j's bundle. The existence of EFX allocations is a major open problem. We study the existence of EFX allocations when agents have general valuations. For general valuations, it is known that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when n = 2 or (ii) when all agents have identical valuations, where n is the number of agents. It is also known that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 1 items unallocated. We develop new techniques and extend some results of additive valuations to general valuations on the existence of EFX allocations. We show that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when all agents have one of two general valuations or (ii) when the number of items is at most n + 3. We also show that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 2 items unallocated. In addition to the positive results, we construct an instance with n = 3, in which an existing approach does not work. Funding: This work was partially supported by Kyoto University and Toyota Motor Corporation [Joint Project "Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society"].


In this work, we propose a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) - Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model that can produce highly realistic MRI together with its pixel accurate groundtruth for the application of cine-MR image cardiac segmentation. On one side of our model is a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) trained to learn the latent representations of cardiac shapes. On the other side is a GAN that uses "SPatially-Adaptive (DE)Normalization" (SPADE) modules to generate realistic MR images tailored to a given anatomical map. At test time, the sampling of the VAE latent space allows to generate an arbitrary large number of cardiac shapes, which are fed to the GAN that subsequently generates MR images whose cardiac structure fits that of the cardiac shapes. In other words, our system can generate a large volume of realistic yet labeled cardiac MR images. We show that segmentation with CNNs trained with our synthetic annotated images gets competitive results compared to traditional techniques. We also show that combining data augmentation with our GAN-generated images lead to an improvement in the Dice score of up to 12 percent while allowing for better generalization capabilities on other datasets.


We report experimental studies on the temperature-dependent translational and rotational viscosities of a few nematic liquid crystals made of highly polar molecules. Cyanobiphenyl (nCB) with longitudinal and cyanobicyclohexane molecules (CCN-mn) with transverse dipole moments were chosen and the measurements were made in the nematic phase. The translational viscosity (shear viscosity) is measured by using a rheometer and the rotational viscosity is measured from the dynamics of the Freedericksz transition by measuring the optical phase-retardation decay of the sample. The associated activation energies are obtained from the fitting of the appropriate equation in the nematic phase. Only 8CB and CCN-47 exhibits N to Sm-A phase transition and their activation energies of translational and rotational viscosities are larger compared to the shortest homologs in the respective series. Both activation energies of 8CB are significantly larger than that of CCN-47. The temperature-dependent steady states of the director distribution under shear are comprehensibly reflected in the rheodielectric measurements of 8CB than that of CCN-47. The results are explained based on the differences in the Sm-A short-range orders and the critical slowing down of the order parameter fluctuations. We present a simple physical model of molecular association that gives rise to different Sm-A short-range orders in both classes of compounds.


The paper reports the process flowsheet, design parameters and operation index of the regenerating catalytic cracking gas-making of light oil. And the carbureting method, raw material requirement, key operation parameters ect. of ligt oil gas-making are discussed also.


Service value is becoming a major driving force for worldwide economies, especially in developed countries. The purpose of the present study was to find out how to change from product-focus to servitization. Taiwan has been an important manufacturing area in the world. When the cost strength has been replaced by other new emerging countries, how to create high value competitiveness from servitization in manufacturing is a critical subject to study. This thesis used Case Study Method; the study includes three big companies, Asus, TSMC and Giant, who have successfully transformed from product-focus manufacturers to service-enhanced enterprises. This study dug out their business models and key successful factors through the observation, interview, data analysis, and supplemented by related secondary research data about "servitization" and "value-chain". The result shows that there are two kinds of servitization, Consumer market: should focus on innovation, design, branding and marketing to build customer service as an important product value B2B market: just provide the professional service and focus on the value which their enterprise customer cares, such as TSMC. And the key successful factors of Servitization in Manufacturing are: To understand customers' needs and market dynamics Must have strong core competence To embed permanent innovation into corporate culture To build customer service as an important product value To make the right decision and ensure it can be realized The result in this thesis can be the benchmark for domestic manufacture who want to transform to servitization. Thorough understanding of the real practice and current situation can help to increase the success possibility and to enhance future competitiveness.


Educational anxiety has always been a key issue in the study of education. With the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, significant achievements have been made in reducing students' burden, but parents' educational anxiety still exists, which not only increases the economic burden of parents, but also increases the mental pressure of students and parents. This article summarizes the expressions of family anxiety in contemporary Chinese society. Through careful analysis, this article holds that parents' educational anxiety comes from internal and external sources: first, the concept of achieving class circulation through education is deeply rooted; the second is the lack of parents' imaginative subjectivity family capital; third, the capital of off-campus training institutions to pursue profits; fourth, the requirements of exam-oriented education and the process of reducing the burden do not match. In order to alleviate parents' anxiety about education, this article puts forward some suggestions on policy, evaluation system and parents' concept of parenting.


AbstractThe release rates of sodium stibogluconate were followed in lyophilized and non-lyophilized phospholipid bi-layer vesicles. The release rates were followed under the following environmental temperatures: 4°C, 19°C, 29°C, 35°C, 45°C, 50°C and 55°C. Lyophilization did not significantly effect release rates within temperature groups 4°, 19°, 29°, 35 and 45°C. When the environmental temperature was varied above the tranisition temperature of the dipalmitoyl lecithin, release rates of sodium stibogluconate from lyophilized and non-lyophilized liposomes were found to be independent of temperature.


The Pellucid project is developing a customisable platform for experience management in public organisations. This paper introduces the Pellucid model of experience management, relates it to the design of the platform, and discusses how Semantic Web technologies have been applied in the project. The principal idea is the active hint as a transmitter of experience, generated spontaneously according to the employee's working context. The working context is modelled using ontologies for work processes and specific domains of work.


Abstract— Tryptophan lifetimes and relative quantum yields have been determined for a group of small (1–4 residues) peptides and peptide hormones [luteinizing releasing factor. mellitin, glucagon. glucagon 22–29, glucagon 1–26. glucagon 1–27 (homoserine)]. All of the larger peptides and most of the smaller peptide anions exhibit nonexponential decay. Peptide quenching in the small peptides is more effective when the bonding is at the amino rather than at the carboxyl end of tryptophan. With the exception of tryptophylglycine. quenching by NH+3 is thought not to involve proton transfer. The results suggest that a decay component of 3–4 ns is expected whenever large peptides and proteins contain a solvent exposed tryptophan.


Computer Science as the core of IT industry plays a very important role in people's life as well as government,university and enterprise operations. Recently Internet is used more and more in these organizations as well. By using these modern hardware and software,people can gather,organize,store,process and use data information more efficiently and effectively. It has vastly changed office operation from the old inefficient manual ways to using computer and software to handle daily work. This process is called office automation (OA). This paper will describe a new way to implement digital OA and Mobile Digital OA including tools,process as well as deployment.


GPO Box 3146, Darwin NT 0801 CHIEF MINISTER TO ATTEND BARUNGA FESTIVAL 8 June 2013 Chief Minister Adam Giles will today travel to Barunga to officially open this year's festival. "Barunga Festival is the Territory's top Aboriginal community cultural, music and sporting event and I am proud to be part of it," Mr Giles said. "Now in its 28 year, the Barunga Festival brings together different communities and attracts visitors from all walks of life to enjoy the dancing ceremonies, great music and sport. "Barunga has been re-energised by new festival directors and Territory music promoters Skinnyfish Music. "By bringing to the Top End quality headline acts like Gurrumul and John Butler, it is proof that the largest remote community festival in Australia continues to grow in stature. "The festival provides a great platform for showcasing modern and traditional music to celebrate individual stories and passions for this land. "Barunga also brings together different communities sharing many skills and local knowledge. Barunga holds a special place in Aboriginal culture in that it was at this festival in 1988 that former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke vowed that his government would enter into a treaty with Indigenous Australians by 1990. Because the treaty was not realised, it prompted iconic Territory band Yothu Yindi to compose the worldwide hit "Treaty".


Although the magnitude of the fouling problem in heat transfer equipment is well recognized, few investigations have been conducted into the mechanisms that lead to such fouling. The work reported in this thesis has been designed to examine gas-side fouling mechanisms that involve the inertial impaction of small particles onto tubular heat exchanger surfaces. An aerosol processes wind tunnel has been constructed which facilitates quantitative studies of particle interactions with heat exchanger surfaces. Three sets of experiments were performed. First, single heat exchanger tubes were exposed to a cross-flow of particle laden air. Stainless steel tubes coated with a thin layer of grease to ensure that particle collisions resulted in capture were used to verify a numerical model for the inertial transport of ammonium fluorescein particles to the tube surface. Particle bounce has been quantified for the case of clean tubes and solid particles. Experimental results compared favorably with the results of a numerical simulation based on the concept of a critical incident particle velocity normal to the surface needed to induce the particle to bounce with enough energy to escape collection by the tube. Second, the transient deposition of particles onto single heat exchanger tubes in cross-flow was studied. It was found that a steady-state condition could be reached for cases in which particle bounce occurred. Finally, the deposition patterns for the aerosol particles as they passed through a tube bank were studied. The quantities of aerosol deposited on various tubes depended on tube surface condition, tube position within the tube bank, and the overall geometry of the bank. Conditions have been identified in which the aerosol deposits that lead to gas-side heat exchanger fouling can be kept to very low levels by deliberately selecting high fluid velocities that induce solid particles to bounce upon impact with the heat exchanger surfaces. Transient fouling experiments have identified conditions under which high fluid velocities can be used to achieve very low, steady-state particle accumulations on tubes in a cross-flow of solid particles. Using these findings, heat exchangers can be designed that will resist gas-side fouling.


TNFRSF10C, is located on 8p21.3, one of the most frequently deleted loci in the genome of prostate cancer (PCa). Hypermethylation of TNFRSF10C promoter CpG island (CGI) had been reported in many tumors including PCa. However, the interplay between somatic deletion and promoter hypermethylation of TNFRSF10C on PCa development has not been investigated.


Scaffolds are frequently used in construction projects. Despite the impact on the entire safety, scaffolds are rarely analyzed as part of the safety planning. While recent advances in BIM (Building Information Modeling) provides opportunity to address potential safety issues in the early planning stages, it is still labor-intensive and challenging to incorporate scaffolds into current manual jobsite safety analysis which is time-consuming and error-prone. Consequently, potential safety hazards related to scaffolds are identified and presented during the construction phase. The objective of this research is to integrate scaffolds into automated safety analysis using BIM. A safety checking system was created to simulate the movements of scaffolds along the paths of crews using the scaffolds. Algorithms in the system automatically identify safety hazards related to activities working on scaffolds. Then, the system was implemented in a commercially available BIM software program for case studies. The results show that the algorithms successfully identified safety hazards that were not noticed by project managers of the projects. The results were visualized in BIM to facilitate early safety communications.


Media management is a young discipline that is generating a body of interesting research published in academic books and journals and presented at numerous international conferences. Scholarly asso...


The development of new diabetes drugs continues to be explored. Loureirin B, a flavonoid, extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, has been confirmed to increase insulin secretion and decrease blood glucose levels. For understanding the mechanism, a series of experiments had been employed based on computational methods and cell experiments. The insulin secretion significantly increased with the incubation of 0.01μM loureirin B for 4 hours. The viability of Ins-1 cells showed no significant difference with the treatment of loureirin B. Through computational methods, we hypothesized that loureirin B could interacts with KATP channels to promote insulin secretion. In cell experiments, it could be found that the current of KATP channel of Ins1 cells was inhibited by the effect of loureirin B. After then, the voltage-dependent calcium channels were activated, the increase of Cx43 protein expression might mediate the Ca2+ to the intracellular. In summary, it could be concluded that loureirin B promoted insulin secretion mainly through inhibiting KATP current, the influx of Ca2+ to the Intracellular and the expression of Cx43.


The African Rural Development Study This paper is based on the African Rural Development Study (ARDS) carried out in the IBRD during 1972-74. The study was prompted by the substantial interest in the East and West Africa regions of the IBRD in finding ways of designing rural development projects which will effectively reach large numbers of low-income rural people with the limited financial resources and, in particular, the very scarce trained manpower and institutional capability available for rural development in Africa. The study had two components. The first consisted of a review of past projects in sub-Saharan Africa. The second involved rural sector surveys in Kenya and Tanzania. For the comparative evaluations on which the major findings presented here are based, 17 rural development projects and programs involving the participation of a number of multilateral, bilateral, and national agencies were carefully selected from various parts of sub-Saharan Africa to represent diversity in the design and implementation as well as in the environment in which the projects are situated., The reviews were carried out to raise a consistent set of questions about these programs and projects, particularly in regard to their design and implementation, and to derive lessons for designing future rural development projects in Africa.2


Integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) within the scope of commercial operations of Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is becoming more important as the deadline for the 2016 UK government guidelines for collaborative information sharing approaches. Until recently, open source and more affordable BIM software tools were almost non-existent. Instead potential users of BIM tools invested time and money in expensive and complex BIM software solutions. Energy appraisal modelling and visualisation is now becoming possible to implement using BIM methodology. However, even top end BIM software tools do not necessarily meet the requirements of SMEs as they are either too complex, too expensive or lack the necessary features for energy appraisal and visualisation. A custom 3D software tool was developed for an SME specialising in low carbon housing, with the aim of influencing early design choices maximising energy efficiency. The software tool is designed to be a quick calculation tool that uses BIM principals for visualisation and limited data exchange. The software tool, based on computation models from the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP), appropriate for early energy appraisal, is able to compute both numerically and visually the estimated energy usage and solar gain for early stage building designs (corresponding to the Level of Detail (LOD) 100 BIM maturity levels specification). We will describe the design and development process of the software tool, software validation and testing results. We conclude that the software tool can offer a beneficial alternative or used in addition with more complex and expensive 3D BIM tools and features a less steep learning curve.


Reactions between dislocations are investigated in two-dimensional colloidal crystals. It is found that, because of the conservation of total Burgers vectors, the kinetics of the reaction is dependent on the the symmetry of the crystal lattice. Merging is possible only when the total Burgers vector of the reacting dislocations is in line with existing crystal lines. In non-merging reactions, the number of dislocations cannot be reduced but the interacting dislocations can exchange their Burgers vectors and migrate to different gliding lines. The changing of gliding lines promises additional annihilation in multi-dislocation reactions. The bonding of non-merging dislocations determines the configuration and the orientation of the grain boundaries. The findings in this study may shed new light on understanding of dislocations and have potential applications in fabrication of crystalline materials.


The As/P exchange behavior on a GaAs and an InxGa1−xAs surface exposed to a P2 flux and on an InyGa1−yP surface exposed to an As2 flux has been studied by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) in a gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy system. We found the exposure of InxGa1−xAs to a P2 flux results in a severe substitution of As atoms by P atoms at the normal growth temperature (520 °C), forming a strained transition layer and causing a rough surface within 10 s, which is indicated by a spotty RHEED pattern. The InyGa1−yP surfaces, however, remained relatively stable under an As2 flux. Two methods (a thin protective layer and low‐temperature growth) for eliminating the As/P exchange have been developed, and both result in abrupt interfaces.


Featured Application: This algorithm embeds a binary image into an audio signal as a marker to prove the ownership of this audio signal. With large payload capacity and strong robustness against common signal processing attacks, it can be used for copyright protection, broadcast monitoring, fingerprinting, data authentication, and medical safety. Abstract: In order to improve the robustness and imperceptibility in practical application, a novel audio watermarking algorithm with strong robustness is proposed by exploring the multi-resolution characteristic of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the energy compaction capability of discrete cosine transform (DCT). The human auditory system is insensitive to the minor changes in the frequency components of the audio signal, so the watermarks can be embedded by slightly modifying the frequency components of the audio signal. The audio fragments segmented from the cover audio signal are decomposed by DWT to obtain several groups of wavelet coefficients with different frequency bands, and then the fourth level detail coefficient is selected to be divided into the former packet and the latter packet, which are executed for DCT to get two sets of transform domain coefficients (TDC) respectively. Finally, the average amplitudes of the two sets of TDC are modified to embed the binary image watermark according to the special embedding rule. The watermark extraction is blind without the carrier audio signal. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm has good imperceptibility, large payload capacity and strong robustness when resisting against various attacks such as MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, re-sampling, re-quantization, amplitude scaling, echo addition and noise corruption.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of moral diversity into the behavioral ethics and organizational diversity literature. We propose a theoretical model specifying how and under what conditions moral diversity (i.e., organizational members espousing different ethical systems) influences one's own eventual (un)ethical decisions. We argue that moral diversity becomes visible when organizational members engage in ethical conversations and it is during such conversations that the impact of moral diversity occurs. We theorize about the role of moral identity centrality, identity-protection and restructuring responses, individual locus of control, and self-directed and other-directed moral emotions on moral diversity's impact on changing/influencing an individual's (un)ethical decisions. Finally, the implications of research on moral diversity for behavioral ethics research and practice, as well as future research avenues are discussed.


Methyl 4,4 I I ,4 I I I -trithio-u-maltotetraoside (2) and its pen tasaccharide homologue 3 were conveniently synthesized by treatment of methyl 4 I I -O-triflyl-4-thiomaltoside derivative 10 with the respective peracetylated 1,4-dithio- and 1,4,4 I I -trithio-maltooli - gosaccharides 16 and 18, in the presence of diethylamine.


7YSZ coatings were prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technique based on the differential step deposition, the radial and axial distributing experiments. The species and formation, their effect on the coating structure and performance, and the distribution in the jet of different particles in the coatings were studied. The results show that the actual PS-PVD process is a deposition method of mixed gas/liquid/solid phase,which is mainly gas-phase deposition. Gas phase is the primary cause for the formation of columns crystal. Large particles (droplet or partial-molten particles) could easily interfere with their growth. The accumulation of small particles (remains or re-solidified ones) also has influence on the coating structure, while it changes relatively slowly. Most gas phase distributes in the center of plasma jet. Away from the center, the proportion of partial-molten particles increases with the radius. The state and distribution of particles in jet result in the regional characteristic of 7YSZ coatings.


They were "bowled over" with the piece that focused on an 17 -year-old from Eritrea, who arrived by herself in the UK several years ago. The judges said the first-hand accounts it presented, and depth of research, were impressive, and made it the most publishable article submitted. Ginisha and Annabel have won a week 's work experience each at a daily national newspaper.


In this year's QA Track, we process factoid questions in a way that is slightly different from our previous system [1]. The most significant difference is that we developed a new answer type category, and trained a classifier for answer type classification. To answer list questions, we use a pattern-based method to find more answers other than those found in the processing of factoid question. And an algorithm that uses some knowledge bases answers definition questions. This algorithm achieves a promising result. In our system, external knowledge is widely used, which includes WordNet and Internet. The ontology in WordNet is used in the answer type classification, and its synsets are used to do query extension. Internet is used not only to find factoid question answers, but also as knowledge base for definition questions. In the following, Section 2, 3, 4 will separately introduce our algorithm to solve factoid, list and definition questions. Section 5 will present our results in TREC2004.


Random-distribution antireflective metasurfaces suppress specular reflection by selectively scattering light into the forward axial direction. These surfaces have been shown to produce broadband, polarization independent transmission enhancement in the visible and IR wavelength bands. Rigorous full-wave solvers of light scatter from aperiodic surfaces can be computationally intensive, therefore alternative methods are desired to predict and analyze bi-directional surface scatter. Using a transfer function approach, an approximation of far-field light scatter can be modeled based on surface statistics. Random rough surfaces, which are generally globally isotropic and polarization insensitive, are well-modeled by Gaussian statistics, making them ideal candidates for a surface transfer function approach of surface scatter analysis. For this study, Si windows were processed to have statistically random nanofeatures which were optimized to enhance transmission throughput in the MWIR (3-5 μm). Optical performance of structured samples was verified using FTIR spectrophotometry. Bidirectional scattering distribution function of processed substrates was measured at selected angles of incidence using a 3.39-μm-wavelength polarized-laser scatterometer. Surface statistics were obtained via non-contact profilometric methods and used as input for calculation of surface feature diffractive effects by the Generalized Harvey-Shack scatter theory. Scatter distributions predicted using a Gaussian approximation of a random surface and structured surface metrology data were compared to the measured scatter data for assessment of the transfer function model validity within the bandlimit of interest.


This study aimed to explore how vocational high school students transfer knowledge through a problem-based learning (PBL) Internet platform. A PBL Internet platform was provided to 33 sophomore mechanical engineering students for a 6-week teaching experiment. A survey questionnaire, observation and interview were research instruments. The findings include: 1) factual, conceptual and process knowledge are the major types of knowledge and the sources of knowledge transfer (KT) include students, instructors and industries, but may be acquired differently depending on the level of problem-solving needs; 2) students' KT includes highly experienced tacit knowledge and more concrete explicit knowledge; 3) students' attitudes toward the six domains of using the PBL Internet platform all show positive significance, including the platform, the platform instructors, the platform mobility, online interaction, the PBL and the platform interface mechanism of students' perceptions; 4) the capability and the willingness for KT in instructors, industries and students all have some impact on the effectiveness of KT.


The principal aim of biostratigraphy is the description of biotic events and their correlation between sedimentary sections. There are three ways to recognize biotic events: stratigraphic first or last occurrence a or assemblage. These three methods have all been applied in the definition of Neogene microfossil zonations. The standardized biostratigraphic schemes for the Neogene marine sections of California are based on, or correlated to, the provincial benthic foraminiferal stages of Kleinpell (1938, 1980) for the Miocene, and Natland (1952) for the Plio- Pleistocene. These stages have constituted the most widely applied means of inter-and intra-basinal biostratigraphic Correlation for the Neogene marginal basins of California (Blake, 1981a). The basic problem with interbasinal correlations based on fossil faunas is that the occurrence of an assemblage or species within a stratigraphic sequence may reflect the effect of local environmental variations rather than evolutionary changes. The overlapping ages of benthic foraminiferal stages used in basinal correlations may be related to the physical and biological variables that affect the distribution of benthic faunas. The


Introduction: The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the incidence of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. The existing literature tends to focus on developed countries and there is lack of research in developing countries.
Methods: The studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and data extracted. There were 20 studies done in Asian and African countries which were included.
 Results: The incidence of CLP in Asian countries is markedly greater than in African countries. Most studies report a male predominance in CLPs and a female predominance in cleft palates. The male dominance is seen more than other developing countries which is consistent with other Asian countries and the same has been found in African countries. In the Nepalese study, females were slightly more affected than males among all clefts. The incidence or prevalence in the frequency and types of malformations of CLP in developing countries has been provided.
Conclusions: The review underlines the need for an aggressive approach to prevent and control CLP in patients in developing countries.


This book is a practical guide for astronomy instructors who want to develop their first online course as well as those who want to add new tools to their existing courses. It explores online course design, integrating new and social media into online learning experiences, adaptive learning systems, Massive Open Online Classes


SUMMARY The sunflower is susceptible to a large number of pathogens. Facultative fungal parasites are most harmful to sunflower yield. In this paper we have summarized the results of immunological research on the original and breeding material of sunflower carried out at Veidelevka Institute of Sunflower in recent years. Data on the efficiency of different disinfectants are also presented here.


Straw yield is important in soil conservation and nutrient cycling. Grain N concentration is of economic importance, and variations in yield components can be used to improve our understanding of grain yield response to environmental stimuli. Therefore, quantifying these responses in relation to soil water and N fertility is of considerable importance. A 9-yr study was conducted in southwestern Sasktchewan on a medium textured Aridic Haploboroll using zero-tillage management. We examined the influence of snow trapping and fertilizer management (rate, placement, and time of N application) on hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown annually []


Summary

β-Galactosidase was encapsulated in lecithin-cholesterol liposomes prepared by dehydration-rehydration (DR) and reverse-phase evaporation (RE). In both methods, the encapsulation efficiency decreased as cholesterol content increased. Enzyme activity was determined to be located both on the surface and in the interior of the vesicle. When the enzyme-loaded vesicles were exposed to acidic buffer solution, the activity on the surface of the vesicle was rapidly lost. The enzyme in the interior of the vesicle was more acid-resistant. The residual activity of enzyme depended on the molar ratio lecithin: cholesterol (L:C ratio). In both methods, the vesicles which showed the greatest acid resistance were those with an L:C molar ratio of 1:3. These vesicles retained their enzymatic activity and acid resistant character after 1 month storage at 5°C under nitrogen.


The monomeric cation [Rh(PMe 2 Ph) 4 ] + exhibits a four-coordinate distorted square-planar coordination geometry about the Rh atom. The chloride counter ion is not coordinated to the rhodium metal [Rh...Cl distance 3.984(3) A]


Research survey on 85 samples who are teachers and parents of students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive secondary school to generalize the reality of cooperative skills education through STEAM activities for students with autism spectrum disorder. The survey results show that most of teachers and parents are aware of the importance of cooperative skills education for students with autism spectrum disorder. However, teachers and parents face many difficulties in the process of implementing educational contents, objectives, methods and forms. Therefore, the results of cooperative skills education for students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive secondary school through STEAM activities are not high. There are many limitations in stimulating the participation of students with autism spectrum disorder. Base on the reality, the study points out a number of learned lessons in the implementation and development of educational programs, improving the professionalism of teachers and promoting the combination of educational forces in order to improve the effectiveness of cooperative skills education for students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive secondary school through STEAM activities.


Steady state groundwater flow simulation of Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS) in the Corrente river watershed was carried out in order to quantify the water balance and to understand the dynamics of the groundwater flow. The UAS is located in the San Francisco river watershed and corresponds to a set of interconnected aquifers that occur in the Urucuia group. The aquifer is composed of sandstones with a table mountain architecture. In order to perform the numerical simulation, finite element method was applied using FEFlow (Finite Element Subsurface Flow e Transport Simulation System ) computational algorithm. The following hydrodynamic parameters were obtained from numerical simulation: horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of 9.7 x 10 -5 m/s; maximum and minimum recharges of 267 mm/y and 142 mm/y, respectively; and baseflow of 1.26 x 10 7 m³/day. The results of the steady state model confirmed the homogeneous and isotropic nature of the aquifer as well as its importance in maintaining the flow of Sao Francisco River.


A general strategy towards the syntheses of water-soluble polymeric drug carriers and their drug conjugates is described. Methods of drug uptake by cells, drug release from the polymeric carrier and the relevance of electrochemistry to drug activity of the ferrocenyl group are highlighted. The advantages of these polymeric systems are demonstrated utilising cytotoxicity results of a polyaspartamide-ferrocenyl conjugate.


Background: Clinical presentation of GCA is protean. It is vital to make a secure diagnosis, exclude mimics urgently and avoid inappropriate steroids to minimise side effects. Fast track GCA clinics (FTC) provide rapid specialist assessment with temporal and axillary US (1). EULAR recommendations support US as first-choice test. A pre-test probability score (PTPS) stratifies patients to low (LC), intermediate (IC) and high-risk (HC) categories. Objectives: To validate a diagnostic GCA algorithm based on stratification by PTPS, with sequential US and additional tests (AT), if necessary Methods: For the algorithm (Figure) retrospective data was extracted from case records of cases seen in 2019. PTPS overall showed median (Q2) score of 9,75th percentile (Q3) score 12. Based on this and reported cut-off 9.5 (2) we classified LC as PTPS 12 (Graph). GCA diagnosis was by modified GiACTA including US (Halo), CRP > 5 mg/L and AT if necessary. The algorithm performance was assessed overall and in individual categories. Results: Of 187 consecutive cases, 13 were excluded for incomplete data (tertiary referrals). In remaining 174, GCA confirmed 33%, mean age 72.4 years, 69% females,45% LC, 35% IC, and 20% HC. 130 (75%) had US whereas 44 did not (41 LC, 3 IC) (Figure) In HC, 25/31 (81%) were US +ve, 19 treated as GCA without AT, 6 with AT (Table 2). Of 6 US -ve 3 had GCA confirmed by AT (PET-CT 2, TAB 1). US in HC showed sensitivity 89%, specificity 75%, accuracy 87%, GCA prevalence 87%, mean CRP 65.52 (SEM+/- 8.67). In LC, 38 (49%) were US - ve, of whom 5 had AT. US not done on 39 (50%) for either PTPS very low or urgent alternative diagnosis. 1 went on to AT. 1 was US positive and had GCA excluded with AT. US in LC showed specificity 99%, sensitivity 0/0 (undefined), accuracy 99%, GCA prevalence 0%, mean CRP 21.79 (SEM+/- 3.80) In IC, 30/65 (46%) were US +ve 8 had AT (all GCA confirmed) while on treatment. 32 (49%) US negative where 7 had AT (all GCA excluded). 3 did not have US. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of US was all 100%, GCA prevalence 46%, mean CRP 39.05 (SEM+/- 5.04) US test performance overall sensitivity 95%, specificity 98%, accuracy 97% Conclusion: PTPS successfully stratifies GCA, excludes mimics and enhances US performance. The algorithm interprets correctly US findings and choice of AT. References: [1]Patil et al Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015;33(Suppl 89): S103–6. [2]Laskou et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Feb 15 Disclosure of Interests: Alwin Sebastian: None declared, Abdul Kayani: None declared, Chavini Ranasinghe: None declared, Bhaskar Dasgupta Grant/research support from: Roche, Consultant of: Roche, Sanofi, GSK, BMS, AbbVie, Speakers bureau: Roche


This paper starts by showing that in the European car industry, there exist cross-country taste differences along the product attribute dimension that signifcantly drive net trade patterns and reduce the volume of trade. Further it is shown that, after the creation of the European common market, these cross-country taste differences caused a sluggish response of trade volume to liberalization as it took time for each country's industry structure to adapt to the demand structure of the common market. To rationalize such trade patterns, a structural model of demand featuring consumers with homothetic preferences and heterogeneous tastes over attributes is developed. Allowing for international trade, the model predicts that consumption is home-biased in the immediate aftermath of trade liberalization since each country's industry structure is optimized for the preferences of domestic consumers and domestic output thus does not match well with preferences abroad. Along the transition to the open economy steady state, each country's industry specializes into market segments with comparatively large domestic demand, implying that domestic firms leave the market segments the foreign industry specializes in. This increasing specialization that underlies the "home market" effect increases the average demand for foreign goods, the volume of trade, and the average gains from liberalization.


ABSTRACT Social learning theory predicts that negative role models dampen one's enthusiasm to pursue an entrepreneurial career. Empirical studies find that the presence of negative role models does not decrease one's interest in starting a business. This article attempts to reconcile this contradiction. We hypothesized and found in Studies 1 and 2 that observing a business failure decreases one's entrepreneurial intention when the level of self-esteem is low. However, one's preference for an entrepreneurial career is increased when the level of self-esteem is high. Study 3 provides evidence that the self-esteem effect still holds when reference person is different.


Hot-water supply has high percentage of energy consumption in Japanese civilian sector. Gas water heaters are used in most cases. Therefore, improvement in thermal efficiency of a gas water heater is an important issue for energy saving. In order to improve thermal efficiency of a gas water heater, an additional heat exchanger is required for latent heat recovery from exhaust humid combustion. The purpose of this study is to develop a compact latent heat recovery heat exchanger with a simple configuration. It is necessary for compactness to reduce the gap between the heat transfer tubes. However, the narrow gap will cause stagnation of condensed water. In order to remove the condensed water from horizontal tube bank, three kinds of tubes with different surface treatments, polished tubes, unpolished tube, and smooth tube with circular micro-grooves, were examined. As the result, condensed water was easily removed by the groove with the 0.7mm depth, to avoid the formation of water bridges between tubes. The effect could lead to no deterioration in the heat transfer performance by decreasing the tube clearance to 1.0mm.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In spite of the important democratic advances registered since Brazil returned to democracy in 1985, widespread human rights violations associated with the right to life continue to be reported. This article examines the nature of human rights violations and the government's attitude to them. Since 1985 there has been a fundamental shift in the relationship between the perpetrators of violations and the state authorities, in the identity of the victims, the motives behind the crimes and the political context in which they take place. During the same period the governments' response to human rights violations has evolved from a reactive to a pro‐active strategy, culminating in the launching of the country's first National Plan for the Protection of Human Rights, in May 1996. The article concludes that despite some positive developments, the underlying causes, pattern and intensity of human rights violations continue essentially unabated.


Watermarking is a technique for labeling digital pictures by hiding secret information into the images In this paper,a new method is proposed to hide watermark image in images by multi resolution wavelet decomposition techniques in conjunction with the visual model(HVS) the watermark image are decomposed into multi resolution subband images,the sub band watermarks were embedded into the corresponding sub band host images The simulation experiments show that this robustness method can survive image cropping and image compression,and get better results


Extras will be used as fans in bleachers during the staging of a jump rope competition in the FHS gymnasium. The scene will also feature many of the movie's stars:


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Photo courtesy of William Chiu, M.D.

A 15-year-old female presents with a two-day history of right lower quadrant pain. Physical examination reveals a febrile teenager with diffuse, exquisite abdominal tenderness. An ultrasound reveals a 5-by-3-centimeter (cm) ovarian cyst on


Glutathione S‐transferases (GST) detoxify a range of carcinogens. Isothiocyanates (ITC), from cruciferous vegetables (CF), are substrates for and inducers of GST. GST variants may alter ITC clearance such that response to CF varies by genotype. In a randomized cross‐over trial, we tested the hypothesis that changes in serum GST‐α concentration in response to CF feeding depend on GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype. 33 men and 34 women (age 20–40 yr), ate four 14‐day controlled diets: basal (vegetable‐free), and basal supplemented with 2 doses of CF, (1C and 2C) and CF plus apiaceous vegetables (1C+A), fed per kg BW. Fasting bloods from days 0, 7, 11 and 14 of each diet period, were analyzed for serum GST‐α by ELISA. GST‐α increased with 1C and 2C compared to basal diet (10% and 13%, respectively; P=0.02 and 0.004), but 1C+A did not differ from basal (P=0.59). Overall, GST‐α was higher in GSTM1‐null/T1‐null (null/null) than GSTM1+/T1+ (+/+) (4197 ± 338 and 3375 ± 183 pg/ml; P=0.03). The formal interaction of genotype‐by‐diet was not statistically significant, but the GST‐α increase during the 1C diet was among null/nulls (by 28%; P=0.008), and mainly null/null men (by 41%; P=0.01). GST‐α increased during the 2C diet in both null/null men (by 35%; P=0.04) and +/+ men (by 25%; P=0.01), but not in women. In summary, crucifer supplementation increased GST‐α, but the effect was most marked in GSTM1‐null/GSTT1‐null men. Supported by R01CA070913.


Currently, treatment of patients with early primary operable BRCA mutation-associated breast cancer requires integrative approach. A mutation in BRCA1/2 genes is a prognostically unfavorable factor increasing the risk of cancer of the contralateral breast, as well as ovaries, pancreas, fallopian tubes, and primary peritoneal cancer. In this clinical observation, an integrative multidisciplinary approach to treatment of a young patient with luminal B breast cancer is described which allowed to preserve the patient's fertility and achieve pregnancy using assisted reproductive technologies.High effectiveness of the chosen treatment tactics in the framework of integrative approach in a specialized medical facility with experience in treatment of oncological diseases and preservation of reproductive function confirmed by clinical data and results of laboratory and instrumental exams is demonstrated.


Pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., is the only species in the Bromeliaceae family grown commercially for its greatly appreciated and nutritional fruit. Production occurs both in the tropics and subtropics. After banana and citrus, it is the third most important fruit in world production. Asia (Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, India and China), South Central America (Costa Rica and Brazil) and Africa (Nigeria and South Africa) are the main producers. In 2012, Thailand was the world's largest producer of pineapple, followed by Costa Rica, Brazil and Philippines. Cultivated types of pineapple are called 'clones', since they are vegetatively propagated. The many named clones are classed in 4–5 groups that include 'Cayenne', 'Spanish', 'Queen' and 'Pernambuco'. Pineapples as non‐climacteric fruits should be harvested when ready to eat. Changes in the skin color from green to yellow at the base of the fruit, a minimum soluble solids content of ~12% and a maximum acidity of 1% will assure a baseline flavor that is acceptable to consumers. This delicious tropical fruit is consumed fresh, dehydrated, canned, in juice and jams and contains fiber, bromelain, manganese, copper, vitamin C, vitamin B complex, calcium, zinc and β‐carotene. The flesh is free of cholesterol and fat, and low in sodium and calories. Pineapple is the only source of bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme complex used in the pharmaceutical market, beer making and as a meat‐tenderizing agent. The consumption of this fruit offers great benefits as it supports the immune system, aids digestion of proteins, alleviates symptoms of the common cold, and strengthens bones. Because of its nutritional properties, texture, and juiciness its use is appropriate at all stages of life. Overview of pineapple production, postharvest physiology, processing and nutrition


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Civil Engineering HAAKANA, ÄLI: In-Plane Buckling and Semi-Rigid Joints of Tubular High Strength Steel Trusses Master of Science Thesis, 94 pages, 67 Appendix pages August 2014 Major: Structural Design Examiner: Professor Markku Heinisuo


References 1. Ebo DG, Dombrecht EJ, Bridts CH, Aerts NE, de Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Combined analysis of intracellular signalling and immunophenotype of human peripheral blood basophils by flow cytometry: a proof of concept. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37: 1668–1675. 2. Ebo DG, Stevens WJ, Bridts CH, de Clerck LS. Latex-specific IgE, skin testing, and lymphocyte transformation to latex in latex allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:618–623. 3. Soul-Lawton J, Seaber E, On N, Wootton R, Rolan P, Posner J. Absolute bioavailability and metabolic disposition of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, following oral administration to humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:2759–2764. 4. Acosta EP, Fletcher CV. Valacyclovir. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31:185–191. 5. Brantley JS, Hicks L, Sra K, Tyring SK. Valacyclovir for the treatment of genital herpes. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2006;4:367–376. 6. Henry RE, Wegmann JA, Hartle JE, Christopher GW. Successful oral acyclovir desensitization. Ann Allergy 1993;70:386– 388. 7. Lammintausta K, Makela L, Kalimo K. Rapid systemic valaciclovir reaction subsequent to aciclovir contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45:181. 8. Vernassiere C, Barbaud A, Trechot PH, Weber-Muller F, Schmutz JL. Systemic acyclovir reaction subsequent to acyclovir contact allergy: which systemic antiviral drug should then be used? Contact Dermatitis 2003;49:155–157. 9. Bayrou O, Gaouar H, Leynadier F. Famciclovir as a possible alternative treatment in some cases of allergy to acyclovir. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:42. 10. Khunda A, Kawsar M, Parkin JM, Forster GE. Successful use of valciclovir in a case of recurrent urticaria associated with genital herpes. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78:468. 11. Ebo DG, Sainte-Laudy J, Bridts CH, Mertens CH, Hagendorens MM, Schuerwegh AJ et al. Flow-assisted allergy diagnosis: current applications and future perspectives. Allergy 2006;61:1028–1039.


Based on the INS error correction by quasi-three dimensional model,the method of the combination of camera imaging system with SINS to deduce the measurement matrix was utilized.INS error estimation was conducted by discrete Kalman filter to correct INS output.By this method,the navigation accuracy was improved to some extent and theoretically reduced navigation cost significantly.


There has been a marked deterioration in James Baldwin's technical competence in his first three novels. Go Tell It on the Mountain, though a relatively simple first novel with autobiographical elements, is more competently executed, by all purely literary criteria, than Giovanni's Room and Another County. Stylistically, the rhythms of the King James Bible and Negro speech which Mr. Baldwin uses so successfully in his first novel have been replaced by a more strained, affected style which is too often deadened by obscenities and an overly-emotional rhetoric. The plots of the author's second two novels are at once awkward and contrived. This is due in part to an unnecessary use of the flashback technique and in part to a discrepancy between the characters and the effects they achieve. Instead of being an organic whole, these plots are episodic and disconnected, and, consequently, their structure is anti-climactic. We observe Mr. Baldwin's greatest weakness in his characterization. His characters are inconsistent and often appear to by types rather than individuals. Their problems are either unstated or misunderstood by the author; as a result, the effects the writer is trying to achieve with them lack credibility. The cause of Mr. Baldwin's technical deterioration seems to lie in his commitment to the Negro protest movement. That is, he has become too much a propagandist for that cause and has lost the objectivity and tolerance requisite for any purely artistic creation.


Andre Malraux's dialogue with Trotsky began in April, 1931 when the Russian revolutionary, in exile on the island of Prinkipo just off the Turkish coast, wrote a now justly celebrated article on Les Conquerants. Admiring Malraux's boldness and originality in dealing with the Chinese revolution-"le plus grand sujet de ces cinq dernieres annees"-, Trotsky nevertheless had reservations about Malraux's handling of it and, in a famous formula-"une bonne inoculation du marxisme aurait pu preserver l'auteur des fatales meprises de cet ordre"1-, recommended a more rigorous political approach. Elated but at the same time non-plussed by the stature of his interlocutor, Malraux replied and sharply reminded Trotsky of a few salient distinctions between history and art.2 Aside from its own value as perceptive commentary on Les Conquerants, this exchange of ideas3 initiated an intellectual and political dialogue which lasted over six years and which underwent profound changes. Characterised at first by frank cordiality, then turning sour at the time of the Popular Front, it rapidly degenerated during the Spanish Civil War. From the time of his banishment by Stalin in 1929, until his assassination 11 years later, Trotsky lived in 4 different countries: Turkey, France, Norway and Mexico. His 2-year stay in France began in July, 1933 when the Radical government of Edouard Daladier granted him a visa de sejour, with certain stipulations: that he notify the Surete of all his movements; that he abstain from political activity; and that he refrain from frequenting densely populated areas, Paris in particular, where both the Communists and Fascists would have seized upon the opportunity to assassinate him. Trotsky settled at first in


Abstract : A new method for simplified adhesive bonded repair of aluminum structures was developed as a possible replacement for current pre-bond surface treatments. A series of adhesive primers, based on novel polyepoxide derivatives were prepared and tested on aluminum aircraft alloys which had been pretreated by a variety of different techniques. Experimental formulations were identified which when applied to surfaces that had been abraded by a new process developed by the AF yielded adhesive bonds with the initial strength and durability of those prepared by FPL etch pretreatment and commercial primers. The AF has been searching for viable replacements for the hazardous and cumbersome pre-bond surface treatments currently employed for the field repair of aircraft structures. There is also a need to replace anti-corrosion primers based on hexavalent chromium compounds because of their toxicity.


SLon vertical ring and pulsating high gradient magnetic separator is a new generation of a highly efficient equipment for processing weakly magnetic minerals[1–3]. It possesses advantages of a large beneficiation ratio, high recovery, a matrix that cannot easily be blocked and excellent performance. In the technical reform of upgrading the iron concentrate in Qi Dashan Mineral Processing Plant of Anshan Iron and Steel Company in 2001 to 2002, ten SLon-1750 magnetic separators were successfully applied to process oxidized iron ores. The iron concentrate of the plant was upgraded from 63.22% Fe to 67.11% Fe. The overall results of the reformed flowsheet are: the feed grade 29.84% Fe, the iron concentrate grade 67.11% Fe, the tailings grade 11.27% Fe, and the iron recovery 74.79%, which set up a new historical record of the plant.


Soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum often causes severe yield losses in many crops. We investigated the effect of a plant growth-promoting fungus, Penicillium sp. EU0013 on Fusarium wilt disease. In dual culture experiments, EU0013 inhibited the growth of Fusarium wilt pathogens by producing an inhibition zone. In experiments using sterile potting medium under controlled conditions, EU0013 significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). In non-sterile soil, benomyl-resistant mutants of EU0013 were selected by exposing the conidial solution of EU0013 to ultraviolet light. The selected mutant EU0013_90S isolate did not show any distinct differences from EU0013 in colony characteristics, growth rate or antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt pathogens in dual culture. The effect of EU0013_90S on tomato wilt was studied under greenhouse conditions using non-sterile soil. Two-weeks old tomato seedlings were dipped in four different concentrations of EU0013_90S conidial suspension (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, and 1 × 106 conidia mL–1). Seedlings were then planted in soil inoculated with either F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1 CU1 or race 2 JCM 12575 (1 × 106 bud-cells g–1). We found the greatest disease suppression occurred when seedlings were dipped in the highest concentration of EU0013_90S conidia. This same inoculum concentration of EU0013_90S also resulted in the highest disease reduction in soil infested with JCM 12575. Higher root colonization with EU0013_90S showed a significant reduction in Fusarium wilt disease, suggesting that colonization by Penicillium sp. EU0013_90S is important for efficient biocontrol of these diseases.


We present proper motions of Herbig Haro (HH) objects in the star forming region of Lynds 1551, using CCD optical images obtained in 1997 and 2001 with the MOSAIC detector mounted on the Mayall 4 meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. We used narrow-band filters centered on the H and [SII] emission lines. The proper motion values and directions provide clues to the probable sources of each set of HH objects. We have also detected new HH knots in the optical images.


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damage was reported (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.56) (15). The study is limited by self-reported exposure assessments, lack of data on sensitization to moulds or results of an atopy patch test, and a low response rate. Nonresponder analyses indicated that selection effects led to some over-estimation of the eczema prevalence. The associations described in the study, however, should not be influenced by selection bias, which would be introduced by a differential participation with respect to exposure and outcome. Although this cross-sectional data have to be interpreted with caution, we have described a plausible association between an unfavourable indoor climate, HDM allergen exposure and AE, which may contribute to the evidence basis for further prevention strategies. The study was supported by the Federal Ministry for Social Affairs, Health, the Family, Youth and Senior Citizens of Schleswig-Holstein, DrägerStiftung Lübeck, and the companies ALK Scherax Hamburg and Dräger Lübeck, Germany. We would like to thank all children and their parents for their participation and the staff of the public health department Lübeck for supporting this study.


Based on the Rashba–Sheka–Pikus Hamiltonian in the vicinity of the Γ point, and taking into consideration spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization, the optical intensity of nitride-based quantum-well light-emitting diodes has been calculated. It is found that strain substantially alters the subband structure and thus the output intensity of these nitride-biased quantum-well light-emitting diodes. A design that uses AlInGaN as the quantum barrier is proposed to realize efficient red emission, which is hard to achieve if GaN is used as the barrier. In the proposed design, three different InGaN/AlInGaN quantum-well structures emit red, green, and blue light of similar intensity. Also, to achieve high efficiency, important factors related to the oscillator strength are discussed in detail.


This review article attempts to explain TRIP generally and its appearance in different materials. Continuum mechanics formulations are mainly used to explain this phase change phenomenon. An overview is given of the published literature which is often not very easily accessible. Technological aspects are presented, such as constitutive equations of materials showing TRIP. Aspects of material selection and future material design are also treated. This article contains 315 references.


Abstract The feasibility of using 5 um particle, 80 Angstrom pore sized methyl bonded phase silica columns for direct plasma and serum injection was investigated. the approach was applied to the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and salicylic acid in human plasma. the separation was achieved using a 15 cm analytical column coupled with a 1 cm guard column of the same material and a mobile phase of 1:100 isopropanol:0.302 triethylamine in 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 6.1) with UV detection at 280 nm. the narrow pore packing gave good separation between the analytes and endogenous components. the very low organic content of the mobile phase did not induce protein precipitation. Analytical column lifetimes of approximately 140 plasma injections were obtained without loss of chromatographic resolution or excessive pressure buildup. Acetaminophen response was equivalent in plasma and serum and good correlation was shown between the direct inject HPLC approach and an enzymatic colorimetri...


The integration of more and more computing cores into processors drives the adoption of larger and larger Network-on-Chips (NoCs). Concurrently, the decreasing reliability of 1 the latest technologies promotes the utilization of fault-tolerant techniques. Unfortunately, the understanding of fault-tolerant NoCs is increasingly difficult as interconnect scale up, because they require the combination of more and more complex and heterogeneous techniques. In this paper, an high-level model named VOCIS is presented, in order to ease the comprehension and analysis of large unreliable NoCs. This model features a 3D Graphical User Interface (GUI), that offers an effective and in-depth visualization of interconnects. A few analytical measurements provided directly by VOCIS are also presented, in order to assess quantitatively the impact of defects and corresponding fault-tolerant techniques.


Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) area unit progressively utilized in data-intensive applications like micro-climate observance, preciseness agriculture, and audio/video police work. A key challenge round-faced by data-intensive WSNs is to transmit all the info generated inside associate degree application's life to the bottom station despite the very fact that detector nodes have restricted power provides. we tend to propose exploitation cheap disposable mobile relays to scale back the energy consumption of data-intensive WSNs. In this approach differs from previous add 2 main aspects. First, it doesn't need complicated motion designing of mobile nodes , therefore it are often enforced on variety of cheap mobile detector platforms. Second, tend to integrate the energy consumption as a result of each quality and wireless transmissions into a holistic optimisation frame work. Here we tend to gift economical distributed implementations for every formula that need solely restricted, localized synchronization as a result tend to don't essentially cipher associate degree best topology. However, the algorithms considerably crush the most effective existing solutions. In this project text files as well as image can be shared using nodes.


A method to access embeded USB through Ethernet based on ARM7 is indroduced in this paper.By the method the USB device can be manipulated by Ethernet and the USB device can be shared on the internet.


This paper is concerned with the problems of robust stochastic stabilization and robust H∞ control for uncertain discrete‐time stochastic bilinear systems with Markovian switching. The parameter uncertainties are time‐varying norm‐bounded. For the robust stochastic stabilization problem, the purpose is the design of a state feedback controller which ensures the robust stochastic stability of the closed‐loop system irrespective of all admissible parameter uncertainties; while for the robust H∞ control problem, in addition to the robust stochastic stability requirement, a prescribed level of disturbance attenuation is required to be achieved. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of these problems are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). When these LMIs are feasible, explicit expressions of the desired state feedback controllers are also given. An illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To the Editor Opioid therapy is the firstline pharmacological approach for moderatetosevere pain after surgery, but the potential overprescribing of opioids after surgery may contribute to opioidrelated adverse events. Given the lack of clinical evidence regarding the consumption patterns of opioids in the early postoperative period, McCarthy and colleagues performed a prospective, observational cohort to identify opioid use in patients undergoing abdominal, joint, or spine surgery. With great interest, we read this article, in which they observed distinct trajectories of opioid use following abdominal and joint or spine surgery, which can be characterized as either high or low consumption patterns. They found that different trajectories are associated with different patterns of reported pain, interference in activities of daily life, and satisfaction with pain medication. They further confirmed that opioid use during hospitalization is the primary independent predictor of high use trajectories with preoperative opioid use also playing an important role. The authors should be applauded for their tremendous initiative and extensive efforts at illustrating the results. We compliment the authors for their comprehensive nationwide study, while there are a few points that we wish to raise. First, this study included subjects undergoing a diverse array of surgeries, which aimed to find a generalizable pattern of opioid consumption. Meanwhile, the authors also admitted that the heterogeneity in subject characteristics and opioid consumption patterns might be surgical procedurespecific. However, a curious point of note is that whether the high or low consumption patterns are surgical procedurespecific, and whether high or persistent trajectory subjects in the joint and spine group were the patients who received major orthopedic surgeries (e.g., revision total hip/knee replacement). Furthermore, patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty may be associated with more pain during the early rehabilitation period. Although the limited sample size and the small number of subjects in the high or persistent opioid use may not be enough to provide a robust conclusion, additional posthoc analysis would be of immense value when designing future studies. Second, when compared with the abdominal surgery subjects, high or persistent trajectory subjects in the joint and spine group had greater preoperative pain scores, preoperative opioid use, multimodal and regional analgesia use, average pain during hospitalization, which reflected a potential high prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain in this subgroup population. Therefore, central sensitization needs to be considered as it is presented in a variety of chronic musculoskeletal disorders, such as low back pain and osteoarthritis. Central sensitization is responsible for many of the temporal, spatial, and threshold changes in pain sensibility in acute and chronic clinical pain settings and exemplifies the fundamental contribution of the central nervous system to the generation of pain hypersensitivity. Thus, subjects with greater preoperative pain scores and preoperative opioid use should be screened for central sensitization, and if diagnosed, exposure to opioids should be prevented to minimize sensitization. Third, this study also suggests many directions for future research, such as what actions should be taken to achieve better pain management for patients with predictors of high use trajectories. We believe that while the study by McCarthy et al was generally well designed, pragmatic, and sought to answer an important question, the results should not be construed as definitive; instead, they should be used to inform more research into this area.


*In this paper we consider the modified wave equation associated with a class of radial Laplacians L generalizing the radial part of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on hyperbolic spaces or Damek-Ricci spaces. We show that the Huygens' principle and the equipartition of energy hold if the inverse of the Harish-Chandra c-function is a polynomial and that these two properties hold asymptotically otherwise. Similar results were established previously by Branson, Olafsson and Schlichtkrull in the case of noncornpact symmetric spaces.


"Can rap be considered as art and a way of sublimation like or following the example of intellectual activity? This creation of sound and performance, a new form of expression, exchange or communion, gives anyone who is willing to listen an additional chance to encounter the contemporary adolescent psyche. Using sociological perspectives sparingly, we will instead investigate the bodily roots of rap and emphasize its expressive potential more deeply. The fact remains that its paths, meanderings, wavering, divergences, and orbits move away, doubtless irreducibly, from those of earlier generations. Our world is nevertheless a shared one; more and more interconnected, overlapping, and interpenetrating. This is an interesting era, in which the teen is increasingly in the adult world more than anywhere else."


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electromagnetic performances of the permanent magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSM) with sine and third harmonic (SIN + 3rd) shaping mover in comparison with the PMLSM with sine (SIN) shaping mover and conventional shaping mover.

Design/methodology/approach
The optimal amplitude of the injected third harmonic to re-shape the SIN + 3rd shaping permanent magnet (PM) for maximizing the thrust force is analytically derived and confirmed by finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, the PM edge thickness, the pole arc to pole pitch ratio and the tooth to slot ratio are optimized. It is found that the optimal amplitude of the injected third harmonic is one-sixth of the fundamental one, the optimal PM edge thickness, the pole arc to pole pitch ratio and the tooth to slot ratio are 0, 0.85 and 0.5 mm, respectively. In addition, the electromagnetic performances are analyzed and quantitatively compared for the PMLSM with SIN + 3rd shaping mover, SIN shaping mover and conventional shaping mover.

Findings
The average thrust force and efficiency of the PMLSM with SIN + 3rd shaping mover are improved significantly, while the thrust ripple is not increased, comparing to those of the PMLSM with SIN shaping mover. Meanwhile, the thrust ripple is lower than that of the conventional shaping mover.

Research limitations/implications
The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the influences of harmonics in the current on electromagnetic performances are not considered.

Originality/value
This paper presents a PMLSM with SIN + 3rd shaping mover to improve the thrust force and efficiency without increasing the thrust ripple, considering the effects of the amplitude of the injected third harmonic to re-shape the SIN + 3rd shaping PM, the PM edge thickness, the pole arc to pole pitch ratio and the tooth to slot ratio.


Dibru-SaikhowaBiosphereReserve (DSBR)is situated in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia district of Assam, which enjoys a tropical monsoon climate with a hot and wet summer. Biogeographically, the area exhibits the properties of both the Indian and Malayan sub regions. Following the bio geographic classification of India, the Reserve falls in Biogeography zone 9 - the North Eastern region of India and represents bio geographic province 9A - the Brahmaputra valley.A detailed survey of butterflies was conducted between October 2011 and March 2012 in the core area of BiosphereReserve. The objective of the survey was to determine the presence of butterflies in the survey area.There were in total 105 species of butterfly belonging to 73 Genus, 5 families and 1 order. The dominant genus in butterfly genus Princepscontributing 8(7.61%) species, genus Euremacontributing 5 (4.76%) species, genus Graphium contributing 4 (3.80%) number of species, 3 genera contributing 3(2.85%) no of species and 12 genera contributing 2(1.90%)number of species while remaining 55 genera contributing 1(0.95%) number of species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCNStatus of most of these speciesisLeast Concern with a contribution of 20% (19.04%). Status of 84(80%) butterflies falls under Not Assessed category and less than 1(0.95%) fall under endangered category. Thepopulation IUCN Population trends of these butterfly species for 3(2.85 %) is Stable, while, for 102 (97.14 %) species population trends are unknown.Troideshelenacereberusspecies come under endangered category and its population trend is unknown. Most of these butterflies were observed near water holes and scrub areas.


A method of determination of ciprofloxacinum in the hemolymph of Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eirocheir sinensis, was established by RP-HPLC. The drug was administered by intramuscular at a dose of 8.17±0.56 and 6.25±0.85 mg·kg -1 to male and female crab,repectively. The hemolymph was extracted from the cardiac region. By comparison among various anti-coagulant methods, the permanent result of anticoagulation was obtained through ACD mixing with equal volume hemolymph. Hemolymph samples got rid of protein by methanol, centrifuged at 3000 r·min -1 for 10 minutes and then the supernatant was used to HPLC. The RP-ODS-5 μL 50×4.6mm ID column was used, with a mobile phase of methanol-phosphate buffer-tertrabutylammonium bromide=250∶750∶20 ( v/v/v ); The flow rate was 1 mL·min -1; the auto-injected volume, 2 μL and the uv detection wavelength, 280nm. The study showed that the linearity and repeatability were good; the average recovery of both male and female crab were : 100.08±3.43% and 99.11±8.20%; the intra-day precision, the average extracted-precision were 1.19±0.92%, 1.55±0.01% and 2.31±1.03%,respectively. The law of the metabolism of blood-drug concentration was disclosed dropping from 37.12±0.08 μg·mL -1 to 5.96±0.18 μg·mL -1, by using RP-HPLC method to determine the ciprofloxacinum in hemolymph within 48 hours in male crab after administration of the drug through intramuscular.


A direct-bonded 13 mm-long quasi-phase matched LiNbO/sub 3/ (QPM-LN) ridge waveguide is fabricated that exhibits a second-harmonic generation efficiency of 44%/W. The waveguide shows very high resistance to photorefractive damage at room temperature. The difference frequency generation with an efficiency of -17.6 dB in the 1550 nm wavelength band is also demonstrated.


Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable course. Identification of pathobiological mechanisms of asthma phenotype, also called as asthma endotypes, is an urgent task to optimize treatment of asthma, especially of severe asthma. Although the author recognizes that T2-low asthma is a serious problem, this article is devoted to the T2-high asthma endotype. Currently, biological agents are available for T2-high asthma only, so the focus on T2 high asthma is important. Current characteristics of uncontrolled, difficult-to-treat and severe asthma, mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation in T2-high asthma, main cells and mediators involved in the disease, and biomarkers of T2-high asthma were discussed in the article.


The heats of combustion at 25°C of the following solid aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in a static-bomb calorimeter: ΔH°c(biphenyl, c)=–1494.22±0.33 kcal mole–1, ΔH°c(bibenzyl, c)=–1807.24±0.26 kcal mole–1, ΔH°c(naphthalene, c)=–1232.35±0.22 kcal mole–1, ΔH°c(anthracene, c)=–1689.17±0.41 kcal mole–1, ΔH°c(phenanthrene, c)=–1686.06±0.30 kcal mole–1.
 These results were used to derive the heats of formation of each of the hydrocarbons. The dissociation energies of the central (C—C) bonds in biphenyl and bibenzyl were calculated to be 97.5±4.5 and 56.6±4.0 kcal mole–1, respectively.


Objective To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside in Hedyotis diffusa.Methods The separation was performed on a Pinnacleu C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with methanol-acetonitrile-water(3∶2∶95,containing 1 mol·L-1 acetic acid) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The UV detection was set at 230 nm.Results The calibration curve of deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside were linear in the concentration range of 12-240 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 7) and 10.8-216 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8).The average recoveries of deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside were 101.1% and 99.8%,respectively.The RSD of deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside were 2.8% and 2.3%,respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducible.It can be used for determining deacetylasperulosidic acid and scandoside simultaneously in Hedyotis diffusa.