In this work, we prove that every complex contact structure gives rise to a distinguished type of almost contact metric 3-structure. As an application of our main result, we provide several new examples of manifolds which admit taut contact circles, taut and round almost cosymplectic 2-spheres, and almost hypercontact (metric) structures. These examples generalize, in a suitable sense, the well-known examples of contact circles defined by the Liouville-Cartan forms on the unit cotangent bundle of Riemann surfaces. Furthermore, we provide sufficient conditions for a compact complex contact manifold to be the twistor space of a positive quaternionic Kahler manifold. In the particular setting of Fano contact manifolds, from our main result, we also obtain new evidences supporting the LeBrun-Salamon conjecture.


The catastrophic state of the world's fisheries and the worrying problems of climate change were the focus of the 2013 Hamburg International Environmental Law Conference. Other papers in this volume expose the extent of these problems, and the limitations that the law has so far met in addressing them. The present paper, dealing with State jurisdiction in the context of ship-source pollution, was presented during a parallel session on ocean governance and area-based management. Despite having a slightly different focus, it is however related to these general issues of environmental degradation. In the existing framework of ocean governance, State jurisdiction is still the cornerstone of ocean governance, even if the influence of other actors has been felt significantly. The onus to protect the oceans from degradation remains on States, acting individually and collectively, on the basis of national jurisdiction. The limited effectiveness of marine environmental law in preventing degradation is therefore imputable to States. The collapse of fish-stocks, climate change environmental and human problems, land-based source pollution of coastal areas, ship-source pollution are all problems ultimately controlled by States, through State jurisdiction. This paper discusses some underlying jurisprudential aspects of ocean governance in the context of coastal State jurisdiction towards 'High Risk Vessels'. High Risk Vessels can be described as ships posing a risk of damage to the interest of coastal States, and justifying an extension of the powers of intervention of those States beyond the black letter law of normal jurisdictional issues


CONTEXT
Parents have unique roles in advocating for their child's health and safety. Such advocacy can improve student-athletes' access to athletic trainers (ATs), yet limited research has investigated perceptions parents of student-athletes have regarding athletic training.

OBJECTIVE
To explore parents' perceptions of athletic training and evaluate their knowledge regarding the AT role.

DESIGN
Concurrent mixed methods.

SETTING
Web-based questionnaire.

PARTICIPANTS
Parents affiliated with USA Football representing 36 states (n=316; 53.5% males, 46.1% females; average age: 45.6±6.15 years [n=291]).

INTERVENTION
An online questionnaire was developed and distributed via Qualtrics. The questionnaire contained demographic questions, quantitative items assessing perceived value and knowledge athletic training, and open-ended questions to provide opportunity for expansion.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic data. Quantitative measures are presented as count and percent response. Open-ended responses were analyzed using the general inductive approach, and overall perceptions are supported with participant quotes.

RESULTS
Of 10,763 parents, 390 completed the questionnaire (3.6% response rate, 74.8% completion rate). Of the 390, 316 had a child in high school. Approximately 67% (n=213) of respondents considered an AT a trusted source of medical information and 'extremely valuable' to student-athletes' health and safety. 'Injury Prevention' was frequently recognized (n=307, 97.2%) as a skill ATs perform, followed by 'First Aid/Wound Care' (91.8%) and 'Therapeutic Interventions' (82.3%). Parents emphasized the AT's role in immediate care and attributed peace of mind and feelings of comfort to having a healthcare professional readily available for their children.

CONCLUSIONS
Parents valued ATs when asked directly and when discussing their impact on student-athlete health and safety. Though various qualifications of ATs were recognized, parents emphasized having someone immediately available to provide care if/when needed. Educational efforts should focus on ATs as the most qualified healthcare professional to provide comprehensive medical care to student-athletes in urgent and nonurgent situations.


The utility model provides a polariscope conoscopic interference figure demonstration instrument which comprises a polariscope base with an embedded light source, a lower polaroid arranged on the base, an upper polaroid arranged on a support of the base, a macro lens, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) and a display, wherein the lower polaroid aligns to the upper polaroid, the macro lens is arranged above the upper polaroid and connected with the CCD, and the display is connected with the CCD. The demonstration instrument has the following benefits: complex optical phenomenon is amplified effectively and displayed in real time, so as to achieve the aim of simplifying theoretic teaching. By typical jewel interference figure demonstration, and proper operation and use of the polariscope, an effective interference figure is obtained, so that the jewel axiality is accurately judged, and the aim of effectively identifying the jewel is achieved.


60 patients aged from 1 to 16 years were examined to evaluate the efficiency of using Bioparox in the complex therapy of acute respiratory tonsillitis. Analysis of the results showed that this kind of therapy shortens the duration of local inflammatory reactions in oropharynx and ensures more effective sanation of pathogene microflora.


Objective:Comparative study on the differences of male reproductive toxicity disturbed by Tripterygium Wilfordii Multiglycoside(GTW) in normal rats and adjuvant induced arthritic rats(AA rat).Methods:male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,normal group and AA group.GTW 0,7,70 and 105 mg.kg-1 day-1 was given to rats intragastrically for two weeks.After that,all animals were sacrificed,the testicle and epididymal coefficient were calculated,histopathological changes of testis was observed by HE and NOS antibody immunohistochemical procedure,and the NOS level in testicle tissue was tested by chemical colorimetric method.Results:The changes were not detected both in normal group and AA group treated by 7mg.kg-1 GTW(clinical equal effective dosage).70 mg.kg-1 GTW can induce testis toxicity in normal rats.However,none adverse impacts were observed in AA rats.105 mg.kg-1 GTW can arouse significant testis toxicity both in normal rats and AA rats.Conclusion:There is the dose-related feature on testis toxicity of GTW.On the other side,the testis toxicity is relative to physiological status.The same dosage GTW can rouse weak testis toxicity in AA rats than that in normal rats.


1 Organization and Properties of Antibody Genes and Other Multigene Families.- 1.1 Multigene family.- 1.2 Antibody gene families.- 1.3 Coincidental evolution.- 2 Models of Unequal Crossing-Over.- 2.1 Simulation studies of the model of unequal crossing-over.- 2.2 Diffusion approximation of coincidental evolution.- 2.3 Coincidental evolution as a birth-death process.- 3 Population Genetics Approach.- 3.1 Model.- 3.2 Approximate analyses by double diffusion process.- 4 Decrease of Genetic Correlation with Distance Between Gene Members on the Chromosome.- 4.1 Unequal crossing-over by shift of one gene unit.- 4.2 Unequal crossing-over by shift of more than one gene.- 4.3 Average identity coefficient.- 5 Genetic Differentiation of Multigene Families.- 5.1 Identity coefficient between the populations.- 5.2 Variance and covariance of identity coefficients.- 5.3 Numerical examples and some applications.- 6 Statistical Analyses on Sequence Variability of Immunoglobulins.- 6.1 Average identity coefficient.- 6.2 Identity coefficient in association with subfamilies of variable region sequences.- 6.3 Variance and covariance of identity coefficients.- 7 Linkage Disequilibrium Between Amino Acid Sites in a Multigene Family.- 7.1 Variance of linkage disequilibrium coefficients.- 7.2 Application to sequence variability of immunoglobulins.- 8 Prospects for Future Research.- 8.1 Gene conversion and other mechanisms to increase homogeneity.- 8.2 Non-constant gene family size.- 8.3 Accumulation of non-functional genes.- 8.4 Natural selection on gene diversity.- 8.5 Possible other examples to apply the theory.- 8.6 Multigene family of small size.- 8.7 Concluding remarks.- References.


In these times of uncertainty, with global conflicts and a pandemic causing rapidly changing circumstances, the lives of families and young children are hugely affected. Children's right to education may be jeopardised (UNICEF 2022) and play opportunities limited. During the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and lockdowns were introduced and inequalities became apparent; disadvantaged and vulnerable families and children suffered the most (Pascal et al. 2020). Especially in times of crisis access to education is particularly important (Van Laere et al. 2021). For some parents, the ECE setting became a secure place for their children (Pramling Samuelsson, Wagner, and Eriksen Ødegaard 2019). Undoubtedly early childhood teachers had to carry a heavy responsibility for ensuring the quality of children's education during this time. They were challenged to find creative ways, online or on-site, to support young children's learning and development, ensure their well-being, give voice to their questions and worries, and safeguard their health under what proved to be very difficult and changing conditions (Pascal and Bertram 2021; Henderson, Bussey, and Ebrahim 2022). Children's right to education is clearly stated in the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UN 1989) and the importance of early childhood education for children's development is well documented in research and acknowledged by international policy organisations. In the Sustainable Development Goals, the UN set a benchmark for all countries 'to ensure access to high-quality pre-primary education minimum 1 year before compulsory school by 2030' (UN 2015, 19). However, existing inequalities between countries are manifested when looking at the number of children who have access to ECE across the globe. In their report from 2019, A World Ready to Learn. Prioritizing Quality Early Childhood Education, UNICEF emphasises the benefits of high-quality ECEC and concurrently notes that


Democratizing the edge by leveraging the prolific yet underutilized computational resources of end devices, referred to as Extreme Edge Devices (EEDs), can open a new edge computing tech market that is people-owned, democratically managed, and accessible/lucrative to all. Parallel computing at EEDs can also move the computing service much closer to end-users, which can help satisfy the stringent Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of delay-critical and/or data-intensive IoT applications. However, EEDs are heterogeneous user-owned devices, and are thus subject to a highly dynamic user access behavior (i.e., dynamic resource usage). This makes the process of determining the computational capability of EEDs increasingly challenging. Estimating the dynamic resource usage of EEDs (i.e., workers) has been mostly overlooked. The complexity of Machine Learning (ML)-based models renders them impractical for deployment at the edge for the purpose of such estimations. In this paper, we propose the Resource Usage Multi-step Prediction (RUMP) scheme to estimate the dynamic resource usage of workers over multiple steps ahead in a computationally efficient way while providing a relatively high prediction accuracy. Towards that end, RUMP exploits the use of the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process-Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HDP-HSMM) to estimate the dynamic resource usage of workers in EED-based computing paradigms. Extensive evaluations on a real testbed of heterogeneous workers for multi-step sizes show an 87.5% prediction accuracy for the starting point of 2-steps and coming to as little as a 16% average difference in prediction error compared to a representative of state-of-the-art ML-based schemes.


In this paper,issues of maximum power point tracking(MPPT) for Photovoltaic power generation system were discussed.Currently,the fuzzy control rules were generally summed up by the artificial.However,this conclusion is difficult,random,incomplete and inadequate,which may lead to inaccurate tracing or Steady-state turbulent,so fuzzy neural network algorithms were proposed.The fuzzy control rules were adopted using combination of neural network theory and T-S fuzzy reasoning method with measured data,and grid partition was selected as Generation algorithm,and hybrid as Training method.These rules were embedded in fuzzy controller in order to achieve the MPPT control.The simulation results show that fuzzy rules generated by this method are accurate and practical,and dynamic performance and steady-state performance are very advantageous.The experiments show the performance of MPPT algorithm becomes more precise and active with the help of fuzzy control and artificial neural network.


A computational study was performed to investigate the influence of transient needle motion on gasoline direct injection (GDI) internal nozzle flow and near-field sprays. Simulations were conducted with a compressible Eulerian flow solver modeling liquid, vapor, and non-condensable gas phases with a diffuse interface. Variable rate generation and condensation of fuel vapor were captured using the homogeneous relaxation model (HRM). The non-flashing (spray G) and flashing (spray G2) conditions specified by the Engine Combustion Network were modeled using the nominal spray G nozzle geometry and transient needle lift and wobble were based upon ensemble averaged x-ray imaging preformed at Argonne National Lab. The minimum needle lift simulated was 5 μm and dynamic mesh motion was achieved with Laplacian smoothing. The results were qualitatively validated against experimental imaging and the experimental rate of injection profile was captured accurately using pressure boundary conditions and needle motion to actuate the injection. Needle wobble was found to have no measurable effect on the flow. Low needle lift is shown to result in vapor generation as fuel rushes past the needle. And finally, the internal injector flow is shown to contain many transient and interacting vortices which cause perturbations in the spray angle, fluctuations in the mass flux, and frequently result in string flash-boiling. ∗Corresponding Author: email@example.com


The main focus of this thesis has been to explore how the PFG NMR technique for diffusion measurements can be used to obtain useful information from various systems. The investigated systems have one thing in common; they belong to the general field of surface and colloid chemistry. The thesis is divided in two parts: one section is a summary and the other section contains four publications from different scientific journals and, in addition, one manuscript. The first chapter in the summary treats the most important part of a gradient experiment, i.e., the gradient probe. Here, the aim is to explain how the gradient probe is constructed and also to discuss some additional problems regarding the equipment that one may encounter when doing PFG NMR diffusion experiments. In the second chapter, I introduce the PFG NMR concept and some of the theory behind these experiments. Finally, in the third chapter I summarize and discuss the findings of the papers. The influence of a nonconstant magnetic field gradient on PFG SE NMR diffusion experiments was investigated in paper I, by performing computer simulations. In paper II the technique has been used to investigate a nonionic surfactant (or rather an amphiphilic polymer)/water system, and in paper III the influence of a molecular weight distribution of polymers on PFG NMR measurements are considered. Paper IV and V are examples where the technique has been used in emulsion systems. Paper IV applies the technique to a double emulsion (water in oil in water emulsion), while paper V shows diffraction-like effects in a highly concentrated water in oil emulsion. The interpretation of the positions of the diffraction-like peaks in paper V convey structural information without the need of complicated mathematical modeling. (Less)


The importance of predicting the effect due to green water on a ship bow becomes decisive in designing a modern ship. In order to predict the green water impact on the bow structure efficiently, various numerical methods have been checked and compared to develop the desired numerical simulation technique. The Marker-density method has been applied to capture the extremely complicate free-surface with breaking on it, associated with the differentiated nonlinear governing equations. For a specific case, the green water phenomena on a model ship with wedge type bow structure have been simulated in this paper.


Objective: Various strategies to reduce errors have been described in adult and pediatric patients, but there are few published data on their effect in the NICU. The study was carried out to assess the impact of a clinical pharmacist-initiated intervention for the optimal use of medications in NICU. Methods: A prospective, non-experimental, Interventional study was conducted, with a sample size of 150 patients, admitted to the NICU during a period of 7 mo. Results: A total of 87 Drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified from 80 patient case records. Most of the pharmacist-initiated interventions carried out in this study resulted from Dose/frequency inappropriate (40.22%) followed by Administration errors (31.05%) and Drug Interactions (17.24%). The acceptance rate of recommendation and change in drug therapy was found to be high 68.97%. Most of the pharmacist interventions were seen to have moderate significance in grade. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the physician's acceptance rate of pharmacist intervention is high. The physician acceptance rate of documented clinical pharmacist interventions indicated that specialist medical colleagues considered most of the interventions appropriate. This suggests that a joint effort between physicians and pharmacist is possible that provides a safer system, improved pharmaceutical care and better resource utilization.


In order to investigate the antinutritive effects produced by the intake of saponin and tannin (hydrolysable and condensed), ten experiments were conducted on Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus utilising casein/gelatin purified diets. Fish were fed (3% body w eight/day) four isoenergetic isoproteic diets containing 0.02/0.01, 0.08/0.09, 0.42/0.47 and 0.87/0.91% saponin, (for O. niloticus and C. gariepinus respectively), 0.05, 0.08, 0.27 and 0.71% tannic acid or 0.06, 0.16, 0.73 and 1.66% catechin which represent diets I, II, III and IV respectively in each study. In all studies fish fed diet I showed the maximum weight gain, highest specific growth rate (SGR), the best feed conversion (FCR) , the best protein efficiency ratio (PER) and the best apparent protein digestibility (APD) in comparison with all other diets; whereas no significant differences (P< 0.05) were observed in dry matter digestibility among the diets in all studies. Fish fed diet IV showed the poorest values (SGR, 0.31/0.21; FCR, 9.51/4.75; PER, 0.39/0.69; PPV, 4.37/-0.35 and APD, 84.04/80.63 with saponin), (SGR, 1.89/2.01; FCR, 1.36/1.05; PER, 2.31/2.97; PPV, 36.93/54.76 and APD, 86.49/95.33 with tannic acid) and (SGR, 2.16/1.85; FCR, 1.19/1.03; PER, 2.55/2.92; PPV, 37.88/50.93 and APD, 89.59/91.31 with catechin) in O. niloticus and C. gariepinus respectively in comparison with others. In terms of carcass composition, there were an increases in moisture and ash contents in fish fed diets III and IV of the study on saponin whereas lipid content was markedly decreased in proportion to the level of saponin in the diets. However, fish in all treatments did not show any significant difference (P< 0.05) in their body protein content. In the studies w ith tannic acid and catechin, carcass composition of fish showed no significant difference (P< 0.05) in all treatments. Histological examination showed cytoplasmic vacoulation of intestinal cells, disruption of straited borders and infiltration of lamina propria especially in O. niloticus and fatty degeneration in liver of fish fed diets III and IV of the study of saponin. However, fish in other studies (tannic acid and catechin) showed no abnormalities. Digestive enzyme activities were inhibited by the inclusion of dietary tannic acid or catechin, and the inhibition was in proportion to the level of the antinutrients. However, both forms of tannins had no effect on lipase activity of O. niloticus while the opposite was observed in C. gariepinus. It was shown that the activities of proteolytic enzymes were more inhibited by the inclusion of tannic acid or catechin than the activities of a-amylase and lipase. The results of the present thesis show that saponin and tannin (hydrolysable and condensed) acted as neutral or negative factors w ith respect to growth and feed performance, digestive enzyme activities and histology of intestine and liver.


A crucial feature of plant performance is its strong dependence on the availability of essential mineral nutrients, affecting multiple vital functions. Indeed, mineral-nutrient deficiency is one of the major stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Thereby, nitrogen and potassium represent the most abundant mineral contributors, critical for plant survival. While studying plant responses to nutrient deficiency, one should keep in mind that mineral nutrients, along with their specific metabolic roles, are directly involved in maintaining cell ion homeostasis, which relies on a finely tuned equilibrium between cytosolic and vacuolar ion pools. Therefore, in this chapter we briefly summarize the role of the ion homeostasis system in cell responses to environmental deficiency of nitrate and potassium ions. Special attention is paid to the implementation of plant responses via NO 3 − and K + root transport and regulation of ion distribution in cell compartments. These responses are strongly dependent on plant species, as well as severity and duration of nutrient deficiency. The major transport systems, involved in plant response to K + deficiency, that is, contributing in K + uptake, accumulation and remobilization in root cell, as well as distribution between root cells, translocation from root to shoot and from source to sink leaves, control of stomata guard cells.


Let L be a quadratic lattice over a number eld F .W e lift the lattice L along a Zp-extension of F and investigate the growth of the number of spinor genera in the genus of L. Let Ln be the lattice obtained from L by extending scalars to the n-th layer of the Zp-extension. We show that, under various conditions on L and F , the number of spinor genera in the genus of Ln is 2 p n +O(1) where is some rational number depending on L and the Zp-extension. The work involves Iwasawa's theory of Zp-extensions and explicit calculation of spinor norm groups of local integral rotations.


InSAR(Synthetic aperture radar interferometry) technique has been used widely to examine deformation of the earth's surface,however,there are often some factors of affecting examination accuracy.One of the good ways of solving the upper problems is to put up artificial corner reflectors,or to introduce concept of permanent scatterers.However,to use corner reflectors,corner reflector detection method must be studied.In the paper,based on the characteristic of SAR image corner reflectors,the point target image of corner reflector is simulated,and pattern matching method is combined,an efficient method of corner reflector detection for SAR Image is proposed.The experiment results show that the new method of corner reflector detection is efficient.


324 While Arrupe's character and spirituality continued to evolve (he ceased to speak of "suicide squadrons," and his insistence on radical witness was tempered by a concern for the welfare of Jesuits, so that he could say in his final address to the Society he would say to those at the peak of their working lives "I plead that they do not burn themselves out," from Pedro Arrupe: Essential Writings, selected with an introduction by Kevin Burke, SJ [Maryknoll: Orbis, 2004), 202]). He became more insistent on the mystical character of Ignatian spirituality (although still circumspect about his own interior life). But the basic features of his spirituality revealed in these notes remained constant, and for that this book provides an indispensable resource for those who want to understand this crucial figure in the history of the Society of Jesus, of the Catholic Church, and Ignatian spirituality.


Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have proven to be highly successful for treating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Rapid improvements in the design and technology of ICDs and defibrillator leads have improved efficacy and accuracy of delivered therapy. The ICD has become the treatment of choice for patients at risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. This has largely relegated antiarrhythmic drug therapy to a palliative role in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, that is, preventing inappropriate or frequent shock therapy. However, despite the proven efficacy of ICD therapy for treating ventricular arrhythmias, pharmacologic therapy still remains an important adjunctive treatment to device-based therapy. The use of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, in combination with an ICD, has unique implications whereby beneficial and adverse interactions may occur. Therefore, it is important for the physician managing these patients to be fully aware of these potential interactions. This article summarizes the benefits and adverse effects of combining device-based antiarrhythmic therapy with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. In addition, a framework is provided, drawn from the authors' experience, on which to tailor the safe management of concurrent antiarrhythmic drug therapy and device-based therapy.


Radiation of its different types is one of the major well known mutagens and carcinogens. Ionizingradiation (IR) imposes risks to human health and the environment. Man is exposed to different types of radiation of which those used in diagnosis of diseases, treatment of cancer and occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation . Radiation exposure induces damage on normal cells.IR at low dosesand low dose rates has the potency to initiate carcinogenesis. Genotoxic environmental agents such as IR trigger a cascade of signal transduction pathways for cellular protection. Iraqi radiation workers in radioactive waste treatment and management at Al-Tuwaithasite.This study included 30 Iraqi radiation workers in radioactive waste treatment and management at Al-Tuwaitha site , 20 were non-smokers and 10 smokers, aged (25 - 55 year), as well as 20 male blood samples, aged (26 - 54 year) which are 13 were non-smokers and 7 smokers as control. Three cytogenetic parameters were studied to determine genotoxic effects of occupational exposure of low ionizing radiation doses in peripheral blood lymphocytes of from radiation workers at radioactive waste treatment and management at Al-Tuwaitha site in Baghdad .Investigations were carried out by using Hypoxanthine guanine phosphorribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation assay were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes for workers and control groups.


The purpose of t h i s study was to determine the e f f e c t s of varying periods of immobilization on ligamentous healing and strength i n a r a t experimental model. Sixty-one mature male Wistar r a t s were used. The l e f t knee medial c o l l a t e r a l ligament was s u r g i c a l l y exposed, divided, and repaired. The r a t s were randomly placed into one of four groups: Group A, no immobilizat i o n , Group B, 2 weeks' immobilization, Group C, 6 weeks' immobilization, and Group D, 10 weeks' immobilization of the operated limb. The r i g h t knee served as a c o n t r o l . The ligaments were studied h i s t o l o g i c a l l y and biomechanically at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 10 weeks and 20 weeks post-operatively. H i s t o l o g i c samples were o b j e c t i v e l y evaluated with the l i g h t microscope using a Maturity Index Score and Scale that were devised based on the numbers and o r i e n t a t i o n of the f i b r o b l a s t s and the amount and o r i e n t a t i o n of the collagen f i b r e s . Ligament-bone preparations were studied using an Instron material t e s t i n g machine to determine the biomechanical properties of the ligament u n t i l f a i l u r e . U t i l i z i n g the Maturity Index Score and Scale, i t was shown that Group A, with no immobilization, matured more r a p i d l y than the other groups, and achieved f u l l maturity at 20 weeks post-operatively. The other groups a l l showed a retarded rate of healing while immobilized. The electron microscopic study supported t h i s data by demonstrating the l e v e l of metabolic a c t i v i t y of the f i b r o b l a s t s which decreased with increasing maturity and by demonstrating that the s i z e , amount and o r i e n t a t i o n of the collagen f i b e r s increased with mobilization.


Purpose: This study sought to investigate then effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Methodology: The research adopted a cross section design and descriptive research approach. Stratified random sampling was used to collect primary data from 265 SMEs in the manufacturing sector from a population of 853 SMEs registered with Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) in Nairobi County, Kenya. Data was collected by use of a self-administered questionnaire and analysed by statistical computations of means, percentages, and correlation and regression analysis using STATA statistical software.
Findings: Findings of this research indicate that with the exception of risk taking and proactiveness; innovativeness, autonomy and competitiveness aggressiveness were all statistically significant in explaining the growth of Small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Evidence from this study supports the evidence that innovativeness, autonomy and competitiveness aggressiveness are key entrepreneurial dimensions that are imperative for enhancing SME growth.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the empirical findings we recommend that the management of SMEs need to put more emphasis on innovativeness, autonomy and competitiveness aggressiveness in order to enhance the growth of their firms


Dr. Kregel is convinced that a viable theory of the rate of profits is a prerequisite for the theory of long-run equilibrium growth. The rate of profits which he has in mind is a classical macroeconomic concept, the ratio of the values of total profits to total "capital" in the economy.2 It is important in this context also to distinguish between the expected rate of profits and the realized rate of profits. The former is an ex ante concept associated with investment decisions. It is a viable concept in either equilibrium or disequilibrium situations. The latter can be defined rigorously and logically only in an equilibrium state in which expectations are realized and risk and uncertainty are absent. Kregel is mainly concerned in Two Views with equilibrium situations in which the two concepts merge into one. The processes of distribution and growth intertwine through saving and investment. The rate of profits affects them both and, of course, the stability properties of growth models are related to both investment and saving behavior. The object of Kregel's book is to examine the theories of the rate of profits in a number of growth models. The first group are those in the neoclassical (now neo-neoclassical) tradition, represented by Meade (1961),3 Solow (1963), Tobin (1965), and Samuelson and Modigliani (1966a, 1966b). The second are those in the neo-Keynesian, neo-Marxian tradition, represented by Kalecki (1935, 1937, 1954, 1962, 1966, 1968,


"Teacher succession" has always been a traditional way of inheritance of Chinese medicine. Through the succession of teachers, the valuable experience accumulated by previous generations of doctors in long-term clinical practice can be passed on from generation to generation. The advantage of this inheritance model is that it can carry out practice to the greatest extent, learn theory in practice, and better combine theory with practice, which is more in line with the characteristics of Chinese medicine education.


There has been much discussed and written on the benefits of entrepreneurship education, as well as the importance of early access to this type of learning. But how can entrepreneurship education train and inspire the next generation of anti-trafficking leaders? How can entrepreneurship also be a driver for prevention and a source of economic stability for those at-risk and survivors of human trafficking? At present, there are entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-training at multiple age levels coming from a variety of backgrounds, incomes, and circumstances who will develop groundbreaking strategies and solutions in the fight against trafficking. These current and future entrepreneurs can also provide fresh perspectives to those in government and business while building more effective tri-sector coalitions and partnerships that address human trafficking. This article explores how and why entrepreneurship can be a key vehicle for social change and innovations in combating human trafficking, along with providing a multi-ingredient recipe of prosperity for those most vulnerable.


Eighty-six technetium-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) bone-marrow scans in 56 pediatric oncology patients were reviewed. The distribution of the sulfur colloid


Nikolai V. Serov Doctor of Culturology, D.S. Rozhdestvensky Optical Society, 199034, 8 Birzhevaya line, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The article describes the possibilities and restrictions faced in the process of the creation of an actual culturological area of the sciences about the nature and man. The elimination of the polysemantic limitation and hypothetical humanitarian discourse (from the point of view of chromatism, computer science and semantic logic) has been reached thanks to the construction of information models for those systemic functional communications of ontologically ideal predicates that are connected with their material denotations in the system. Information models of radiation and light absorption enable, firstly, to identify the semantics of the concepts "quantum" and "photon", secondly, to show the metaphysical character of representations about the wave function and, thirdly, to demonstrate the universal character of reflexion by tangential functions of characteristic properties of the absorbed (perceived) information. This leads to the construction of a meta-language that quite unequivocally establishes functional communications between diverse plans of difficult analysis systems, which are characteristic of the studied phenomenon, under boundary conditions. Intensional semantics of this meta-language (due to the universals of the created information models) enables to add known techniques and/or theories with the intrinsic additions based on experience. As a result, the author presents a possible area of a uniform science about the subject-objective relations of psychophysical culturanthropology.


Not available. Key words : Excess to food; Quality; Safe; Nutritious Tribhuvan University Journal Vol XXI, No. 2, 1998 Page: 115-120 Uploaded date : 29 April, 2011


Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of two cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin and nodularin) against the different larval instars, pupal and adult stages of Anopheles multicolor. Experiments were carried out in plastic cups, and the two toxins were tested at four concentrations, where the LC 10 , LC 25 , LC 50 and LC 90 for the first instar larvae under laboratory conditions were 2.95, 3.80, 4.95 and 7.45 µg /ml and 4.37, 6.40, 8.85 and 14.39 µg/ml for microsystin and nodularin respectively. While the LC 50 for the first, second, third and fourth larval instars were 6.70, 8.92 and 9.70 µg/ml for microsystin and nodularin, respectively. The most sensitive instar was the 1 st and the most resistance instar was the fourth larval instar. The delayed effects of sublethal concentrations (LC 10 , LC 25 and LC 50 ) of the two tested toxins on some biological activities were also studied and discussed when treating the fourth larval instar.


A software process improvement programme is under way at a Spanish financial institution. A structured methodology, supported by formal and informal techniques and tools, is being established by a methodological support group, as a starting point for the improvement. This paper centres particularly on the methodological and automated management of software requirements analysis. This process was previously performed in a not formal manner, and the most direct consequence was the high costs in maintenance. The methodology developed includes actions to obtain, refine and validate the software requirements. It also includes an organisational Software Requirements Specification (SRS) standard, implemented on a commercial tool which was selected as a result of a formal evaluation process. Additionally, a procedure was defined for working with the SRS and the tool. The results of this practical experience show an improvement in SRS quality, and work is no longer duplicated, since more correct and complete specifications are obtained.


Fuel cell systems are considered as clean and efficient power sources, which are under development by manufacturers for both stationary and mobile applications. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are considered to have the highest energy density due to the nature of the reaction and the quickest start up time (?1 sec). These are the main reasons for being used in applications such as automotive engines, portable and backup power applications. Recent years have seen the proliferation of PEM fuel cell system (PEMFCs)optimization and control applications, where the aim is to obtain a better process performance. Nowadays, increases in safety, reliability and uptime process operation are requiring the inclusion of fault diagnosis algorithms. Because of the lack of space for physical redundancy and cost reduction in automotive applications, the automotive industry is pushing and facing better techniques for fault diagnosis that makes its products compatible in the markets offering to the final customer not only the best quality but also a reliable product. Here an alternative technique to hardware redundancy is the analytical redundancy which uses a mathematical model with input and output measurements as a monitored system signals to generate a fault diagnosis. Analytical redundancy could also allow increasing the fault tolerance, using the recent methods of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC).


A semi‐analytical expression has been developed that accurately models the population dynamics of an aerosol growing from the detection limit (3 nm) to a characteristic CCN size (100 nm), quantifying the contributions of size and time‐dependent source and sink terms such as coagulation of smaller particles and scavenging by the pre‐existing aerosol. These model inputs were calculated from measured aerosol size distributions and growth rates acquired during intensive measurement campaigns in Boulder, CO, Atlanta, GA, and Tecamac, Mexico. Twenty CCN formation events from these campaigns were used to test the validity of this model. Measured growth rates ranged from 3–22 nm/h. The modeled and measured CCN production probabilities agreed well with each other, ranging from 1–20%. The pre‐existing CCN number concentration increased on average by a factor of 3.8 as a result of new particle formation.


Scientists have announced the discovery of an enzyme that allows cells to replicate indefinitely. But the discovery is being touted not as a fountain of youth but as a new approach to cancer therapy.

The enzyme is telomerase, which is present in one celled organisms and in sperm cells. It works by blocking cleavage of DNA telomeres, the ends of DNA chains that, in normal somatic cells, grow shorter with each cell division. Basic researchers in aging have speculated that cells cease dividing when telomeres become nearly depleted - typically after 50-200 cell …


Environmental governance involves multilevel actors. The interaction and collaboration of international institutions, states, businesses and non-governmental organisations is essential for managing...


We develop a framework with which to analyze the interactions among auditor attestation strategy, corporate investment decision, and capital market valuation. We use this framework to examine mandatory audit firm rotation (Section 207 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) and identify its three potential effects: the real (cash flow) effect; the attestation effect; the price effect. In particular, we show that mandatory audit firm rotation impairs corporate investment efficiency for firms with rosy prospects but improves corporate investment efficiency for firms with gloomy prospects.


Abstract The construction and analytical evaluation of a coated-graph i te niobium ion-selective electrode, based on the ion-pair-between [NbO(Citr)2]3− anion and tricaprylylmethylanunoni um cation (Aliquat 336S) in poly (vinylchloride) matrix, are described. The influence of membrane composition, organic acid concentration and foreign ions were investigated. The electrode shows a Nernstian response over the niobium concentration range 2.0 × 10−5 − 7.9 × 10−3 M, with good selectivity, precision and a useful lifetime of six months (over 800 determinations) in citric acid. Application of this sensor for niobium determination in columbite is reported.


Learning library is application of learning organizing theory in the library. According to learning organizing theory, this article expounds the necessary and thinking of structure learning library in the new information epoch.


Starting from the definition and the root of network security, and in the light of the severe network security problem at present, this paper analyzes the security threats faced by network and attack forms, and puts forward a series of defense technologies.


This paper presents a function-complete design of inverse transform and quantization IP core for H.264/AVC decoder.The same architecture is presented to process three different inverse transforms.Each stage of inverse transform and quantization is controlled by separate gated clock.Logic reuse and clock gating make lower power consumption.The implementation results show that the design meets real-time decoding of 1080i stream.


Learning is a highly complex activity which has much in common with art. Artistic imagination begins with the development of basic knowledge and skills in the use of certain equipment. Students need the provision of an informed and supportive framework to provide them with opportunities to understand who they are, and what their strengths are, and use this knowledge to engage in highly productive, meaningful and useful learning. An outline of the Victorian Department of Education's 'Learning Matrix' is provided.


To develop the ability of prevention of international trade risks is fundamental to the education of qualified personnel adept in international economic affairs.The essay offers some valuable suggestions on how to develop such ability.


In past decades, almost all the studies are focused in two-dimensional (2-D) PWM techniques on /spl alpha/-/spl beta/ frame. A four-legs inverter is proposed to compensate the three-phase four-wired system issues. However, three-legs center-split inverter can be applied to compensate the power quality issues including the zero-sequence compensation by the novel PWM technique: three-dimensional (3-D) PWM. In this paper, the mathematical model of shunt-connected three-level power inverter in three-phase four-wired system is studied in a-b-c-0 frame. The study of 3-D voltage space vector PWM technique in two-level and three-level inverters is performed in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates, respectively. The 3DPWM performance indices are proposed. Comparative study of fixed switching sign cubical hysteresis control with this novel proposed technique "cylindrical coordinate control strategy" is accomplished. The results show that the performance of the proposed novel control strategy can overcome the drawbacks of fixed switching sign cubical hysteresis 3DPWM control strategy.


OBJECTIVE To approach the drug resistance status of clinically isolated Gram-positive cocci in Shanxi Eye Hospital and provide the evidence for clinically reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 177 strains of Gram-positive cocci were isolated from all kinds of eye specimens from May 2009 to Jun 2010 Organisms were cultivated and identified according to National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rule.The drug sensitivity testing was performed by MIC methods.RESULTS Among the 177 strains,the isolating rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis ranked the first.The detection rate of meticillin-resistant S.epidermidis(MRSE) was 70.37%.The Gram-positive cocci were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics in different degrees except for 100% sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin,linezolid and quinupristin/alfopristin.CONCLUSION The management of nosocomial infections should be strengthened to prevent the dissemination and epidemic of the drug resistant strains.


In 2008, NANA Regional Corporation (NRC) assessed geothermal energy potential in the NANA region for both heat and/or electricity production. The Geothermal Assessment Project (GAP) was a systematic process that looked at community resources and the community's capacity and desire to develop these resources. In October 2007, the US Department of Energy's Tribal Energy Program awarded grant DE-FG36-07GO17075 to NRC for the GAP studies. Two moderately remote sites in the NANA region were judged to have the most potential for geothermal development: (1) Granite Mountain, about 40 miles south of Buckland, and (2) the Division Hot Springs area in the Purcell Mountains, about 40 miles south of Shungnak and Kobuk. Data were collected on-site at Granite Mountain Hot Springs in September 2009, and at Division Hot Springs in April 2010. Although both target geothermal areas could be further investigated with a variety of exploration techniques such as a remote sensing study, a soil geochemical study, or ground-based geophysical surveys, it was recommended that on-site or direct heat use development options are more attractive at this time, rather than investigations aimed more at electric power generation.


An experiment is described to detect dark matter axions trapped in the halo of our galaxy. Galactic axions are converted into microwave photons via the Primakoff effect in a static background field provided by a superconducting magnet. The photons are collected in a high Q microwave cavity and detected by a low noise receiver. The axion mass range accessible by this experiment is 1.3 {minus} 13 {mu}eV. The expected sensitivity will be roughly 50 times greater than achieved by previous experiments in this mass range. The assembly of the detector is well under any at LLNL and data taking will start in mid-1995.


The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of gender on growth performance and carcass and meat quality of calves of Avilena-Negra Iberica breed. Sixteen calves, eight males and eight females, were used. The calves were fattened under intensive conditions, housed in confinement and fed with the same feed and cereal straw from 230.7 to 478.3 kg. The males grew more than the females (1.390 vs 0.932 kg day–1 respectively). Carcass weight, carcass length, leg length, leg perimeter, carcass and leg compactness, legs, fore-quarters and loins weights and forequarters percentage regarding carcass weight were higher ( p < 0.05) in males than in females. The gender had not significant influence on CIE a* , b* , chroma and hue variables but CIE L* value was significantly ( p < 0.05) lower in males than in females. The a* value decreased and b* and hue values increased with ageing time. The subcutaneous backfat from the females had significantly ( p < 0.05) higher C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1 n-9, Σ MUFA and lower C10:0, C18:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:0, C20:3 n-9, C20:4 n-6, C22:5 n-3, Σ n-6, Σ n-3 and Σ PUFA proportions than that from males. It is concluded that the gender has influence on growth performance, carcass traits and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous backfat; gender does not have effect on instrumental colour variables; and meat colour can reach acceptable values for consumers until four days after slaughter.


Abstract In the aftermath of World War II, American casework practices were introduced to social work efforts in Western Europe by social workers employed by the Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and by the U.S. Army Occupation force. The casework practices taught to European social workers at the Paul Baerwald School for the technical training of social workers in Paris operated by the JDC revolutionized European social work and inaugurated modern industrial social work in Europe. Work with displaced persons by Jewish social workers in North America also had profound impact on occupational social work in the USA and Canada.


Autonomous mobile vehicles need advanced systems to determine their exact position in a certain coordinate system. For this purpose, the GPS and the vision system are the most often used. These systems have some disadvantages, for example, the GPS signal is unavailable in rooms and may be inaccurate, while the vision system is strongly dependent on the intensity of the recorded light. This paper assumes that the primary system for determining the position of the vehicle is wheel odometry joined with an IMU (Internal Measurement Unit) sensor, which task is to calculate all changes in the robot orientations, such as yaw rate. However, using only the results coming from the wheels system provides additive measurement error, which is most often the result of the wheels slippage and the IMU sensor drift. In the presented work, this error is reduced by using a vision system that constantly measures vehicle distances to markers located in its space. Additionally, the paper describes the fusion of signals from the vision system and the wheels odometry. Studies related to the positioning accuracy of the vehicle with both the vision system turned on and off are presented. The laboratory averaged positioning accuracy result was reduced from 0.32 m to 0.13 m, with ensuring that the vehicle wheels did not experience slippage. The paper also describes the performance of the system during a real track driven, where the assumption was not to use the GPS geolocation system. In this case, the vision system assisted in the vehicle positioning and an accuracy of 0.2 m was achieved at the control points.


The invention discloses a knurling aluminium foil paper for a cigarette, a knurling device and a production method thereof. The knurling aluminium foil paper consists of a liner paper, a composite adhesive layer, an aluminium foil layer, a printing layer and a coating layer; the knurling device consists of a pair of convex-concave knurling rollers, wherein the convex-concave pattern of one convex-concave knurling roller is mutually meshed with the convex-concave pattern of the other convex-concave knurling roller; and the production method of the knurling aluminium foil paper comprises the steps of: unwinding, compounding, printing, applying silicone oil, braking, knurling and winding. The knurling aluminium foil paper produced by the knurling device has strong layer feel and third dimension, beautiful patterns and a certain anti-counterfeit function.


Municipal wastewater treatment using diatomaceous earth bio-reactor was studied.The active biomass grew on the surface of composite refined diatomaceous earth carriers.The effect of hydraulic retention time on municipal wastewater treatment was investigated in lab-scale continuous-flow experiments.All effluent indexes except total N concentrations fit well with A grade of the first level in "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918—2002)".


A mediational model of maternal optimism, coping, and psychological distress was tested in 112 mothers of infants hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Maternal optimism was related to mothers' use of active, cognitive, and ventilation coping strategies as well as less distress during their infants' hospitalization and 1 month postdischarge. An indirect relationship between optimism and distress was also identified, mediated by mothers' use of cognitive and avoidant coping strategies. Optimistic mothers employed more cognitive and fewer avoidant coping strategies and experienced less distress both during and following their infants' hospitalization. Interventions with pessimistic mothers that encourage engagement with their infants in the NICU may facilitate better maternal adaptation and subsequent child development.


A survey of construction companies' secondary disability management practices was undertaken in the state of Victoria, Australia. The results indicate that formal rehabilitation and return‐to‐work programmes and practices are not adopted in many companies. Smaller construction firms were less likely to have adopted formal programmes or practices than medium‐to‐large firms. In particular, construction companies reported difficulties in the provision of suitable alternate or light duties for workers returning to work following an injury. Most companies regarded disability management practices to have increased operating costs while yielding little or no benefit in terms of reducing lost workdays. Strategies to overcome some of these impediments to rehabilitation and return‐to‐work in construction are recommended.


Twenty-three coworkers participated in an 1 -week weight loss program based in the office in which they worked and studied. Treatment consisted of individual goal-setting, weekly weigh-ins, semipublic display of weight charts, and monetary refunds contingent on meeting weekly weight loss goals. A control group was exposed to an identical program minus the pyramidal monetary contingencies. Attrition was 50% for both groups for the first 4-week enrollment period, but did not occur during the remainder of the program. Of those who completed the program, all but one lost weight. However, weekly goals for the control group were met only 42% of the time and only one of five participants met their terminal weight goal. The experimental group met their weekly goals 97% of the time and all members met their terminal goals. Follow-up data collected 6 months after the program ended showed that most persons in both groups had regained weight since the end of treatment, but continued to weigh less than they had at the beginning of the program. Results are discussed in terms of (a) the social milieu of the work site as a means of reducing attrition and encouraging the achievement of weight loss goals, and (b) the effects of program length and fading of monetary contingencies on maintenance of weight loss.


Tunneling coupled bilayer systems based on Al 0 . 3 3 Ga 0 . 6 7 As/GaAs heterostructures have been investigated with far-infrared spectroscopy (FIR) and magnetotransport measurements. Via a Ti front gate the charge densityas well as space symmetry of the bilayer are tuned. Using FIR spectroscopy we observe intrasubband optical plasmon modes and an intersubband plasmon. From magnetotransport measurements we determine the single-particle tunneling gap Δ S A S between the symmetric and antisymmetric subband. By comparing Δ S A S with the resonance energy of the intersubband plasmon, we are able to determine directly from measurement the depolarization shift, i.e., a many-body correction to the intersubband excitation. We study its behavior by changing the space symmetry of the bilayer system.


Purpose: To identify the controllership practices can support strategic decisions on transport companies. Originality/Gap/Relevance/Implications : The paper presents a new approach to controllership practices and relationship between  strategic decisions. Contributes filling gaps on the controllership functions, advances in concepts about strategic decisions and presents the used practices. Key methodological aspects: The research is applied with a qualitative approach. It is a multiple case study with four cargo transportation companies in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS. For data collection, it prepared an interview guide. To check the similarity between the firms was used Jaccard similarity index. Summary of key results: It was found that among the 27 controllership practices, 16 are used for at least one of the companies surveyed, while 11 are not used by any of the companies. Analyzing the use of strategic decisions listed in the literature, it is evident that 75,4% of strategic decisions are used by at least one of the enterprises, while 24,6% are not identified in any of the companies. There is similarity between the companies, the results indicate that 14,8% of practices are considered crucial or very important to 75%  of the companies. Key considerations/conclusions: The results show that the controllership practices can provide support to the formulation of strategic decisions of the company. In analyzing how decisions are related to each practice, the controllership practices most prominent was "operating budget", which is related to 60,5%.


ABSTRACT The current policy focus to improve housing affordability in New Zealand is reflected in the National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity (NPSUDC), which prescribes that local governments must ensure there is sufficient housing capacity to meet demand. Though some households may benefit because of better purchase conditions, additional capacity may not have a significant impact on improving affordability. In this paper, I explore how additional housing capacity is matched with demand by setting up a housing allocation model to simulate competition between potential buyers as they bid for any additional unit. I found that rate of take-up differs across scenarios, and households that manage to buy a house have median incomes that are more than double than the median household income in Auckland. Hence, overall affordability does not improve for medium or low-income households. The model and results provide insights about the outcomes of the NPSUDC and support the development of other housing programs.


PROFILE OF CNPq PRODUCTIVITY RESEARCH FELLOWS IN THE CHEMISTRY AREA BASED ON THE LATTES PLATFORM. The Lattes Platform, an information system maintained by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), is the main source of information on Brazilian researchers. This paper presents a scientific output profile of the CNPq Productivity Research Fellows in the Chemistry area based on the information extracted automatically from Lattes curricula in the 2002-2011 period using the language "LattesMiner". This paper also provides a comparison with the results of Santos et al. (2010). The findings confirmed that the majority of the researchers are male (67.9%), classified as category 2 (63.2%) and working in the Southeast region (60.7%).


Despite the fact, the cosmological solutions of the Einstain field equations given by Friedmann have successfully incorporated the expansion, homogeneity and isotropy of the universe, and though it is commonly accepted that the Friedmann models represent the present state of the universe quite accurately, and whatever deviations may exist are expected to be small, they do not explain the homogeneization and isotropization of the Universe, which is apparent at scales of the order of 10"ght-~ears. Besides this, statistical fluctuations in Freedmann models do not grow fast enough to explain the formation of galaxies, which implies the existence of real in homogeneities at all stages of the evolutions of the universe, and recent observations of voids pose-&challenging problem to be explained by any responsible cosmological model. Thus here we consider a metric which can give more in right into the minute study of the models.


Статтю присвячено аналізу дитячої періодики України, зокрема її змістовно-формальним чинникам і типології. Визначено основні типологічні характеристики цих видань. Окреслено своєрідність журналу «Барвінок» як найстарішого українського дитячого видання.
(The article is devoted to the analysis of child prose in Ukraine, including its content and formality factors and typologies. Peculiarity of the magazine «Barvinok» is highlighted, due to the fact that it is also the oldest Ukrainian magazine for children. The modern world is extremely rapidly changing, and it is erroneous to think of preserving the child's world, less tolerance of change, the existence of solid constants in its dimensions and characteristics. «Eternal» themes require a new interpretation. Consequently, the constant «exploitation» of long-established products can be considered as a result of ignoring the peculiarities of the psychology of modern children, their increased ability to perceive abstractions, symbols, metaphors, ignoring their level of development and awareness. The typological structure of the Ukrainian children's press is undergoing radical changes. Researchers are confronted with volatility, mobility of typological characteristics, even within a single edition. The ambiguity, contradiction and instability of these tendencies indicate a fundamental incompleteness of the transformation process. Hence - difficulties in the classification of publications. In order to bring all editions into the system, they must be classified. The first question that arises when creating any classification - is the choice of the main feature (basis) of the division of the studied plurality of objects. As a sign of division for the classification of modern children's magazines and newspapers, we have chosen a special purpose. This feature, in our opinion, is the most complete and general reflection of the meaning of the division of children's publications.)


Most research examining the kinds of features that perceptually enhance warning signs and labels are conducted in laboratory settings using indirect measures of attention gettingness (noticeability), usually by employing subjective preference and memory tests. A more direct, ecologically valid measure of visual attention is whether or not a person is seen noticing the warning and the amount of time spent examining it, or in other words, their looking behavior. The present study examined whether adding a rectangular border around the warning text would improve the warning sign's salience as measured by two indicators of looking behavior in a field observational experiment. Six conditions were tested. In four, warning text was surrounded by one of four different borders (thick red, thick yellow/black alternating stripes, thin red, or thin black). The two control conditions were warning text with no border and no warning text/no border. The signs were individually posted in a university campus building and over 1200 people were observed on whether or not they looked at the sign and the amount of time they spent examining it. The results show that signs with thick red and thick yellow/black diagonal stripes were noticed more frequently and examined for longer periods of time than signs with thin or no borders. Implications for future testing warning salience are described.


The aim was to provide references for the scientific determination of DEHP in potato chips.[Method] Extracting the DEHP in potato chips by using N-hexane,drying with nitrogen and fixing volume with methanol.The study employed HPLC method to determine the DEHP,and then the determination conditions were optimized.[results] The standard curve equation was y=424.97x+98.417,the Linear correlation coefficient was 0.9996,the precision RSD was 1.235% and recovery rate was77.64~82.34%.[conclusion] The method to determine DEHP in potato chips by HPLC was constructed,which was simple and fast and the results were very satisfying.


For two study areas in Minnesota, USA, one heavily forested and one sparsely forested, maps of predicted proportion forest area were created using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, forest inventory plot data, and a logistic regression model. The maps were used to estimate quantitative indices of forest fragmentation. Correlations between the values of the indices and forest attributes observed on forest inventory plots were estimated. One interesting result was a statistically significant negative correlation between total forest area and number of tree species per unit forest area.


A noble and non-noble metal-confined CNT-based catalytic system was developed for the base-free selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 2,5-diformylfurane.


Due to the stochastic nature of events, predicting the duration of a traffic incident presents a formidable challenge. Accurate duration estimation can result in substantial advantages for commuters in selecting optimal routes and for traffic management personnel in addressing non-recurring congestion issues. In this study, we gathered accident duration, road conditions, and meteorological data from a database of traffic accidents to check the feasibility of a traffic accident duration pipeline without accident contextual information data like accident severity and textual description. Multiple machine learning models were employed to predict whether an accident's impact on road traffic would be of a short-term or long-term nature, and then utilizing a bimodal approach the precise duration of the incident's effect was determined. Our binary classification random forest model distinguished between short-term and long-term effects with an 83% accuracy rate, while the LightGBM regression model outperformed other machine learning regression models with Mean Average Error (MAE) values of 26.15 and 13.3 and RMSE values of 32.91 and 28.91 for short and long-term accident duration prediction, respectively. Using the optimal classification and regression model identified in the preceding section, we then construct an end-to-end pipeline to incorporate the entire process. The results of both separate and combined approaches were comparable with previous works, which shows the applicability of only using static features for predicting traffic accident duration. The SHAP value analysis identified weather conditions, wind chill and wind speed as the most influential factors in determining the duration of an accident.


An optical component bowing device, an optical device, an optical scanning device, and an image forming apparatus are provided to reliably bend an optical component by preventing a weight from being focused on the optical component. An optical device includes an optical component, a twist moment generating structure, and an adjusting unit. The optical component forms or reflects an optical beam. The twist moment generating structure generates a twist moment on a portion to be supported of the optical component. The adjusting unit adjusts the twist moment of the twist moment generating structure and adjusts a bending amount of the optical component. An image forming apparatus(12) includes plural image sustainers, the optical components, the twist moment generating structure and the adjusting unit. The image sustainer generates a latent image, which is formed by scanning the optical beam.


A 40-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department with a loss of consciousness. Electrocardiogram revealed monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, and electrical cardioversion was performed. After the cardioversion, inverted T waves in the right precordial leads were discovered. Laboratory assays were unremarkable. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated mildly reduced ejection fraction, with partly hypertrophic, partly thin left ventricle (LV) myocardium, and dilated coronary sinus (Figure 1(A,B)). Firstly, the patient underwent coronary angiography, which revealed insignificant coronary artery disease. However, two coronary-pulmonary artery fistulas were detected. One originates from the conus branch, while the other, smaller one originates from the left main coronary artery (Figure 1(C,D)). A coil was implanted in the coronary-pulmonary artery fistula originating from the conus branch (Figure 1(E)). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also performed to unearth the cause of the dilated coronary sinus and heart failure. CTA demonstrated an isolated persistent left superior vena cava (Isolated PLSVC) (Figure 1(F,G)), markedly dilated right ventricle (RV), and RV and LV thinning associated with fatty tissue replacement (Figure 1(H)). MRI showed fibrofatty infiltration of the RV, RV, and LV partial thinning, subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement, and enlarged right ventricular outflow tract (Figure 1(I–L)). Finally, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of both ventricles was diagnosed, and dual-chamber ICD was implanted (Figure 1(M)). The patient was discharged on the ninth day and remained asymptomatic during follow-up.


Black hole binary systems can emit very bright and rapidly varying X-ray signals when material from the companion accretes onto the black hole, liberating huge amounts of gravitational potential energy. Central to this process of accretion is turbulence. In the propagating mass accretion rate fluctuations model, turbulence is generated throughout the inner accretion flow, causing fluctuations in the accretion rate. Fluctuations from the outer regions propagate towards the black hole, modulating the fluctuations generated in the inner regions. Here, I present the theoretical motivation behind this picture before reviewing the array of statistical variability properties observed in the light curves of black hole binaries that are naturally explained by the model. I also discuss the remaining challenges for the model, both in terms of comparison to data and in terms of including more sophisticated theoretical considerations. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


By immersion precipitation method,polyetherimide(PEI) flat sheet membranes and PEI thickness-gradient membranes were prepared with PEI/N-methyl pyrrolidone(NMP)/γ-butyrolactone(GBL) casting solutions and coagulant water.The effect of GBL on the viscosity of the casting solution,the morphology of PEI flat sheet membranes and thickness-gradient membranes was studied.With the increase in GBL in the casting solution,the solution viscosity increased.When the ratio of m(GBL)∶m(NMP) was up to 69.6∶15.4,the solution viscosity increased greatly,resulting in the phase inversion.Meanwhile,with the increase in GBL in the casting solution,the morphology of PEI flat sheet membranes evolved from finger-like structure to sponge-like structure.When the membrane thickness approached to the critical structure-transition Lc,the morphology of PEI thickness-gradient membranes evolved from sponge-like structure to finger-like structure.The existance of GBL in the casting solution prevented the transition of sponge-like structure to finger-like structure,resulting in the increase in Lc.


Leizhou Peninsular, as one of the three major peninsulars in China, boasts advantageous marine cultural environment and abundant marine resources, and hence a long and profound marine cultural history. Over the long years, however, the marine advantages have not been brought into full play and the development of the regional economy is affected.By running down the marine cultural history in Leizhou Peninsular, its marine culture and economy orientation are mapped out.It is argued that the inheritance of the marine culture of Leizhou Peninsular and the development of characteristic marine industries are the key to the successful development of the regional marine economy. And some measures for developing seafarming and processing industry, port and transport trade , and tourist industry of coastal region are put forward. 


The SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey ( SSS; Hambly et al., 2001) consists of digitised scans of Schmidt photographic survey material in a multi–colour (BRI), multi–epoch, uniformly calibrated product. It covers the whole southern hemisphere, with an extension into the north currently underway. Public online access to the 2 Tbytes of SSS pixel data and object catalogues has been available for some time; data are being downloaded at a rate of several gigabytes per week, and many new science results are emerging from community use of the data. In this poster we describe the terabyte–scale SuperCOSMOS Science Archive2 (SSA), which is a recasting of the SSS object catalogue system from flat files into an RDBMS, with an enhanced user interface. We describe some aspects of the hardware and schema design of the SSA, which aims to produce a high performance, VO–compatible database, suitable for data mining by 'power users', while maintaining the ease of use praised in the old SSS system. Initially, the SSA will allow access through web forms and a flexible SQL interface. It acts as the prototype for the next generation survey archives to be hosted by the University of Edinburgh's Wide Field Astronomy Unit, such as the WFCAM Science Archive of infrared sky survey data, as well as being a scalability testbed for use by AstroGrid, the UK's Virtual Observatory project. As a result of these roles, it will display subsequently an expanding functionality, as web – and later, Grid – services are deployed on it. 1. Relational Model for the SSA Data The photographic material used in the SSA comprise the SERC J/EJ, ER/AAO– R and I original surveys along with first epoch R data from the ESO–R and POSS–I E copies in the southern hemisphere; ultimately, the northern hemisphere will be included via POSS–II J, R and I copies with POSS–I E copies again providing early epoch R data. Hence, 8 single colour surveys on 3 different field systems (ESO/SRC, POSS–I and POSS–II) make up the source material. The rest of the schema follows from the several individual colour/epoch plates in http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/sss http://thoth.roe.ac.uk/ssa


As knowledge is usually heterogeneous, voluminous, poorly structured and steadily evolving, its automated use in practice is extremely difficult. These limitations remain the main blocking element for creating advanced, adaptive business processes providing intelligent assistance. In this paper we propose to extend the typical business process development view, mainly focusing on services composition, with a business intelligence view which aims to support the design of complex, automatically reconfigurable services. To fulfil this objective, we designed an approach that consists in setting up an intelligent environment based on a context-aware concepts ontology of business processes and on related context handling rules for services orchestration. It's a generic method that enables to capture and to granulate the knowledge into a set of models that support dynamic business processes management. We demonstrate the relevance of this approach for the design of automatic and personalised decision support services orchestration based on a core ontology.


Introduction: The Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological entity characterized by a new episode of muscular weakness and/or abnormal fatigue in individuals that were attained years before by Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis (AAP). It is estimated that the prevalence can reach up to 70% of the patients with AAP. Objectives: The proposal of the present study was to analyze the data of 18 patients with PPS diagnosis, to identify possible predictive factors related to the genesis of the syndrome, and to establish a clinical and functional profile of these subjects. Methods: Collection of data and statistical analysis of 18 patients with PPS was undertaken in the Service of Neurology of the University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP) and in the Associacao Nacional de Deficientes Fisicos (ANDEF). Results: The clinical and functional profile of the patients is heterogeneous in relation to the most frequent complications, as well as to the level of functional independence. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations and functional damages presented by the patients with PPS are essential for a theoretical-conceptual frame, aiming for a solution of problems in the clinical practice.


In addition to traditional brands, those that are visibly noticeable, new brands or non-traditional brands perceived by the sensorial organs: sounds, smell, color, taste, touch, letters and numbers, animated images, holograms and gestures have now become fruitful. . Since they emerged in the United States and Europe, their acceptance as true brands has not been peaceful either in doctrine or in jurisprudence. However, some successful cases of registration of this type of trademark have been known thanks to intricate jurisprudential work. Mozambique is a new country in trademark law. Although it has not received a request for the registration of a New Brand until now, the latest revision of the Industrial Property Code, by introducing the olfactory mark, has extended the possibility of registration of this type of signs, which elucidates that the country is attentive to these brand new realities. With this, the present work intends to bring the general overview (doctrinal and jurisprudential) of the new brands taking into account the European and North American experiences and present the scenario of this type of marks in the Mozambican legal order.


In this study, the age, growth, and gonado-somatic index (GSI) of the Red mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, 1927) from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey were examined. A total of 1466 M. barbatus ponticus were sampled between September 2010 and August 2011 from trammel net landings in Rize. The total length of Red mullet ranged from 7.42 cm to 17.80 cm and weight ranged from 9.59 g to 50.93 g, regardless of the sex. The sex ratio (♂/♀) was 0.46, with almost twice more females than males. The growth performance of M. barbatus ponticus in the study area is similar to that of the western populations of the same sub-species. A closed season of at least three months (from May to July) banning the use of even the stationary fishing gear will be beneficial for the sustainable stock of management of M. barbatus ponticus in the Black Sea.


This research aims to know the ruling on the validity of fasting by receiving a vaccine for the Coronavirus or not, through the fatwa of the Indonesian Council of Scholars, compared to the fatwas of the fatwa councils in the Islamic world, using the analytical and comparative methodology.Fasting is obligatory for Muslims in the month of Ramadan in particular, and it may be required in other months. On the other hand, the Coronavirus may spread in the world at the end of the year 2019. As of February 28, 2021, it has recorded one million and 335 thousand infections and 36 thousand and 166 deaths, and in Indonesia, which leads the government to take preventive measures, including positively receiving the Coronavirus vaccine for the people. And when Ramadan came, people were wondering about the ruling on taking it while fasting, and the Fatwa Committee of the Indonesian Council of Scholars issued a fatwa that fasting is not invalidated by receiving the vaccine, and it became clear that this fatwa agrees with the fatwas of the fatwa councils in the Islamic world.


A simple and efficient method was developed to determine soil macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity for dual-porosity models from measurements of unconfined infiltration rates. The utility of this method was demonstrated by analyzing unconfined infiltration tests conducted with a tension infiltrometer at ponded conditions and at negative 3, 6, and 15 cm of water-supply pressure. The conductivity of soil macropores (pores > 1 mm in diameter) was 3.6 times the conductivity of the soil matrix. This contrast in the magnitudes of the hydraulic conductivity may justify the use of dual-porosity models of water flow and solute transport. Positive but small correlation between soil macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix was identified. Soil macroporosity remained constant near the surface but it decreased with soil depth. The narrow range of 0 to −15 cm of water pressure may govern water flow and contaminant transport under field conditions because of the rapid decrease of conductivity with...


The effects of low soil water potential (ƒÕs= -1.7•`-1.6 MPa) on photosynthesis of coffee leaves grown under two light levels (shaded and unshaded) were examined. Water stress reduced the saturated photosynthetic rate by about 60 and 75% in unshaded and shaded leaves respectively. In both shaded and unshaded leaves, saturating irradiance and initial slope values of photosynthesis decreased by water stress. Stomatal resistance (Rs) and mesophyll resistance (Rm) increased about 2.7 and 2-fold in unshaded leaves and both resistances increased about 5-fold in shaded leaves. Rs/(Rs+Rm) was 0.66 in unshaded and 0.40 in shaded leaves developed under stressed conditions. Photosynthetic O2 evolution rates and RuBPCase contents showed more pronounced reduction by water stress in shaded leaves. For these reasons, the decline in photosynthesis due to water stress can be mainly attributed to an increase in Rs for unshaded leaves and in Rm for shaded leaves.


Page 1 The shading of Table 1 was incorrect and indicated that vimentin was a type II intermediate filament and that NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H were type III intermediate filaments. Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament and NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H are type IV intermediate filaments. The table has been corrected in the full text online and in the PDF (http://stke.sciencemag. org/cgi/reprint/2006/366/pe53.pdf) as of 16 January 2007.


The electron-correlation energies, calculated with the wave functions constrained to the Hartree-Fock density, are computed for the helium series and are compared with the exact (unconstrained) correlation energies. Imposition of the density constraints increases the energies by a surprisingly small amount. Both the {ital l}=0 ({ital s}) and {ital l}=1 ({ital p}) limit differences between the constrained and exact energies are demonstrated to scale like the reciprocal of the square of the atomic numbers. The computational results are rationalized by introducing rigorous definitions of the dynamical and nondynamical correlation energies.


Three cycles of recurrent selection were used to improve the stalk -rot resistance of an open pollinated variety of Zea mays L. Selection was aided by artificial inoculation with a spore suspension of Diplodia zeae (Schw. ) Lev. Progress of improvement was determined by evaluating the original population, C0~ and the three recurrent populations, C 1 , C Z and C 3 , as populations per se, in population testcrosses, and in diallel crosses among the populations. All methods of evaluation, based on ratings after artificial inoculations with D. zeae, showed that significant improvement for stalk -rot resistance was achieved. The genetic variance among S 1 lines of the C 3 population indicated that further progress should be possible. Field stalk breaking in maize, Zea mays. L. , is the result of many factors interacting complexly. Russell (7) postulated that at least two components are involved: susceptibility to disease resulting in weakened stalks, and the mechanical strength of the stalk either in the presence or absence of disease. Stalk rot is an important disease of corn in Iowa, and Diplodiazeae(Schw.) Lev. is one of the more important causal organisms. Resistance to stalk-rot organisms is conditioned by genes at several loci. E1-Rouby and Russell (1) reported that nine chromosome arms in two highly resistant inbred lines, B14 and C103, carried a gene or genes that condition resistance to _D. zeae. The success of developing resistant inbred lines by the standard procedure of inbreeding and selection, with the aid of artificial inoculation, depends primarily on the frequency of genes for resistance in the source population. Any breeding scheme effective in increasing the frequency of genes for resistance in the source population would enhance greatly the chance of success in extracting superior lines. 1 Contribution from the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and Crops Research Division, ARS, U. S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating. Journal Paper No. J-5894 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1575. (Part of a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph. D. degree. ) z Formerly a graduate student and Rockefeller Foundation Fellow, now at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, and Professor, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 230 JINAHYON and RUSSELL The recurrent scheme first outlined by Jenkins (3) is being usedwidely as a breeding scheme to improve plant populations. Jenkins, Robert and Findley (4) reported that the first two cycles of recurrent selection were very effective in improving corn populations for resistance to Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. , leaf blight of corn. The effectiveness of the third cycle of selection was inversely proportional to the amount of improvement accomplished in the first two. Penny, Scott and Guthrie (6) showed that three cycles of recurrent selection for leaf -feeding to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubner) produced essentially borer -resistant maize varieties. Inheritance studies by Jenkins et al. (5) with H_. turcicum and by Scott, Dicke and Pesho (8) with _O. nubilalis indicated that resistance in maize to these two organisms has about the same complexity in inheritance as reported for D, zeae by E1-Rouby and Russell (1) . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progress through three cycles of recurrent selection in improving the Diplodia zeae stalk-rot resistance in an open pollinated maize variety, Lancaster. The study also included an evaluation of the associated changes in other important agronomic characters of the Lancaster variety, and these will be reported in a second paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials evaluated in this study were developed from the openpollinated maize variety, Lancaster. This variety has been sampled extensively for breeding materials. Most lines extracted have been good in combining ability; with very few exceptions, however, these lines have had poor stalk quality. Recurrent selection in three successive cycles was used to improve the stalk-rot resistance in Lancaster. Selection in each cycle was based on the stalk-rot resistance of SO self -pollinated plants and S1 progenies in replicated experiments. The SO plants and S1 progenies were artificially inoculated by a spore suspension of D. zeae. In each cycle, anew Lancaster population was developed by diallel crossing the selected S1 progenies. Some of the most pertinent information relative to the material selected in each cycle is given in Table 1. As a result of three cycles of recurrent selection, we had four populations designated CO, the original population and C1, C 2 and C3 derived after cycles 1, 2 and 3. In each of the three new populations, there had been one generation of controlled sib-pollination of a composite of the diallel crosses. Three groups of materials were prepared in 1964: (a) each Lancaster population was crossed with two single-cross testers, WF9 x Hy, which is intermediate in resistance to D, zeae stalk rot, and Os420 x 187-2, which is susceptible; (b) the four Lancaster populations were crossed in a diallel series to give six population crosses; (c) self pollinations were made in the Lancaster CO and C3, and 100 lines from each population were selected at random for subsequent testing. Controlled sib-pollinations were made again in 1964 in each of the four Lancaster populations to increase seed supply for further experimentation. Field experiments were conducted at the Iowa State UniversityAgronomy Farm to evaluate the four Lancaster populations for resistance to STALK-ROT RESISTANCE IN MAIZE Z31 Table 1. Number of Sl lines tested and selected, mean stalk-rot ratings of the S1 lines, selection differential, and heritability percentages of three successive cycles of recurrent selection. No. of No. of A1ean Mean lines lines ratings ratings of Selection Percent tested selected of Sl selected differential heritability lir_es lines Cycle 1 173 20 3.7 2.8 1.68 42.2 Cycle 2 154 10 3.0 2.0 1.94 61.5 Cycle 3 ~ 10 1.9 1.2 1.67 40.1 D, zeae stalk rot. Evaluations were of populations per se, testcrosses of the populations, population crosses, and S1 progenies from Lancaster CO and C3. Randomized complete block designs were used for all experiments. The four Lancaster populations were evaluated in tests of 10 replications in 1964 and in 1965, and the testcrosses of the four populations were evaluated in a test of 10 replications in 1965. Three single crosses, B14A x C103, B14 x Oh41, and Os4Z0 x 187-z, resistant, intermediate, and susceptible, respectively, were included as checks in these experiments. The Lancaster populations and their diallel crosses were grown in an experiment of 15 replications in 1965. Each plot of these experiments had one row with 25 plants. The rows were 102 cm apart, and plants were spaced 33 crri within the rows. The S1 progenies from Lancaster CO and C3 were evaluated in 1965. Three replications with a single row of 16 plants were used. Inbreds B14, WF9, Hy, and Oh41 were each entered twice in all replications, representing eight entries in the experiment. In each experiment, approximately one week after 50% of the plants had silks emerged, the plants were inoculated with a suspension of pycnidiospores of _D, zeae in the middle of the first elongated internode above the ground. Six weeks after inoculation, plants were split longitudinally through the inoculation point, and the amount of discolored tissue was estimated relative to the area of the inoculated internode. The following scheme was used to express the relative reaction of the plants to _D, zeae: (0. 5) no spread of infection from the punctured area; (1) 025% of the inoculated internode rotted; (Z) 26-50% of the inoculated inter node rotted; (3) 51-75% of the inoculated internode rotted; (4) 76-100% of the inoculated internode rotted; (5) the infection extending into adjacent internodes; (6) dead plants. In all experiments, plot means were used for statistical analyses. Entries were considered as fixed variables, and years for the one experiment of the four Lancaster populations grown in 1964 and 1965 were considered random variables. Methods of statistical analysis were used as given by Snedecor (9) for randomized block designs. In tests of the populations and population testcrosses, the three degrees of freedom 232 JINAHYON and RUSSELL based on the four populations were partitioned to fit the orthogonal polynomials, linear, quadratic, and cubic, with one degree of freedom each. The three degrees of freedom were partitioned similarly in the tests of population crosses and populations, The five degrees of freedom for population crosses were further partitioned to give information on general and specific combining ability by using the method given by Griffing (2). F tests were made by using the appropriate error terms as determined by the expected mean squares of the fixed and random effects. The data on mean stalk-rot ratings of S1 progenies from Lancaster Cp and C3 were analyzed as a randomized block design in which the S1 lines were considered random effects. The degrees of freedom were partitioned to compare between the two groups of lines and among lines within each group. The genetic variance component associated with each population was estimated by equating the observed to the expected mean squares for each set of variation among 51 lines in the appropriate analysis of variance. To calculate F values, the estimated error variance was used as a common divisor.


The forging process of 23Co14Ni12Cr3MoE steel forgings was numerically simulated by using the rigid visco plasticity finite element method. The effects of heating numbers on forgings deformation and the change rule of temperature and strain field during the forging process were analyzed. The results show that one heating number forging can obtain the good forming forgings of temperature field and strain field to meet the requirements at the deformation temperature of 1050℃and deformation speed of 10 mm/s.


We report a theoretical study of modulational instability of extended nonlinear spin waves in a one-dimensional ferromagnetic chain. The investigation is made both analytically within the framework of the linear stability analysis and also numerically by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Using a Holstein–Primakoff transformation for the spin operators, the Hamiltonian, which is constituted by a Heisenberg exchange term, a biquadratic exchange energy, an anisotropic energy and a Zeeman term, is bosonized. Then we derive a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation for the spin-wave motion. Using a linear stability analysis, we establish the stability criteria of the spin waves in such a ferromagnetic chain. From our numerical simulations of the discrete spin chain for the onset of instability, it emerges that the analytical predictions are correctly verified. For a long timescale, depending on the strength of the biquadratic exchange interaction relative to the exchange energy and the anisotropy energy, on the one hand an intrinsic localized wave train can be created displaying properties of the breather motion. On the other hand, due to the increasing size of the instability domain, with increase of the biquadratic parameter, the instability can fully develop and the linear stability fails; consequently, the time evolution of the modulated spin waves can show both regular and chaotic behaviour.


The problematic classification of the term where. is it an adverb or a pronoun? Owing to different uses assigned to the term, where has been the object of several studies. Investigations have also been made on issues with regard to its grammatical class, the adverbs, in which traditionally the term has been inserted. Important issues are raised on the adverbs, among which the traditional definition, the historical issues that pervade its concept, the problems associated with this tradition and other definitions based on functional studies. The literature related to the term where is provided, coupled to a description of its origin, its possible morphological and syntactical classifications (adverb/pronoun) and some stances attributed to it by researchers as from discussions with distinct synchronies corpora.


Together with the previously described mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha‐1 (mRAR‐alpha 1, formerly mRAR‐alpha 0), we have isolated and characterized here a total of seven mRAR‐alpha cDNA isoforms (mRAR‐alpha 1 to alpha 7). These isoforms are generated from mRAR‐alpha primary transcript(s) of a single gene by alternative splicing of at least eight different exons with the exon which encodes the amino acid sequence of their common B region. All of these isoforms differ in their 5′‐untranslated regions (5′‐UTRs) and, in the case of mRAR‐alpha 1 and alpha 2, also in the sequences encoding the N‐terminal A region which is known to be important for differential trans‐activation by other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In addition, the sequences encoding the open reading frames (ORFs) of mRAR‐alpha 3 and alpha 4 cDNA isoforms remain open to their very 5′ ends, which suggests that these two isoforms may also encode RAR‐alpha s with unique A region amino acid sequences. The two predominant isoforms, mRAR‐alpha 1 and alpha 2, were found to be differentially expressed in mouse adult and fetal tissues, as well as in P19 and F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines. Interestingly, the expression of mRAR‐alpha 2, in contrast to that of the mRAR‐alpha 1 isoform, was induced by retinoic acid (RA) in EC cells, thus suggesting the presence of two promoters in the 5′ region of the mRAR‐alpha gene, which differ in their response to RA. The conservation between mouse and human RAR‐alpha 1 and alpha 2 cDNA isoform sequences, as seen by cross‐hybridization in Southern blots or by DNA sequence analysis, together with their differential patterns of expression, strongly suggests that they perform specific functions during embryogenesis and in the adult.


: The objective of this study was to examine whether the adoption of Computerized Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) provides higher overall firm performance to the adopter firms as compared to their non-adopters counterparts. This study used a data set of 382 SMEs in Malaysia to test the hypothesis. The analyses of this study were performed using the Smart PLS 2.0 and SPSS version 21.0on 230 CAIS adopters and 152 non-adopters. The result shows that the overall performance of the CAIS adopter's firm was higher than the non-adopter's firm thus supported the central premise of Resource-Based View Theory. For the positive impact of CAIS on the firm's performance, it is hoped that the findings of this study would help the non-adopters to consider using CAIS in the future


ABSTRACT The secretory immune response in humans infected with Giardia lamblia was studied by using saliva samples and an 8-kDa antigen capable of binding fatty acids. This antigen was not recognized by saliva samples from healthy individuals. The antigen may be useful in diagnostic studies of G. lamblia infection.