Background: The double-opposing Z-plasty palatal repair, as reported by Dr. Furlow, is one of the most popular methods of primary cleft palate repair. However, the repair as originally described is difficult to perform on wide palatal clefts. The authors have modified the original repair by altering the hard palatal flap design to allow for better mobilization and improved closure of the cleft. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective review of 500 consecutive children undergoing double-opposing Z-plasty cleft palate repairs with or without islandization of the hemipalate on its vascular pedicle over a 10-year period at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Children were evaluated based on their age at the time of repair, extent of cleft, and occurrence of postoperative fistulas. Results: Three hundred thirty-two children underwent pedicle lengthening and 168 children did not. The overall fistula rate in this series was 5.0 percent. When the experience of the five cleft surgeons in this series was combined, patients undergoing pedicle lengthening had significantly lower fistula rates (2.1 percent) than patients undergoing palatoplasty without pedicle lengthening (10.6 percent). Patient gender, age, and extent of clefting did not correlate with the rate of fistula formation in this study. There was only one partial flap loss, early in the authors' series. Conclusion: The authors' data suggest that a double-opposing Z-plasty palate repair performed with islandization results in lower postoperative fistula rates when compared with repair performed without islandization.


The original mandrel that could be turned about is replaced by three-segment mandrel to reduce the production costs.The lengths of each segment for three-segment mandrel are calculated based on the working conditions.Moreover,the rationality of using three-segment mandrel in this unit is determined eventually by analyzing the service life of the above two types of mandrel,tube quality,process parameters of tandem mill and cost comparison in the same process environment during the using process of them.


ABSTRACT A study was conducted to examine newspaper readers' responses to front page design and to explore the perceived differences among traditional, modern, and modular formats of newspaper design. Slides of the front pages of 10 pairs of competing daily newspapers were shown to 91 journalism students. After viewing three slides for each paper, subjects completed a semantic differential instrument for each one. Students also indicated how attractive they found nine appearance deviser for the newspapers and completed a profile questionnaire. Respondents generally gave moderate to good ratings to most newspapers on most dimensions. Only one of the pairs of papers showed a significant difference on any of the 15 quality ratings. The "Evening Sun," Baltimore's circulation leader, was perceived as much bolder than the competing "News American." Modular papers, although perceived as bolder, more modern, and more readable, were also viewed as less professional and as containing softer news. Traditional papers were seen as more valuable, more accurate, and running harder news, bat also as old fashioned and more dull. Newspapers using the modern Lome.: scored higher across the 15-item quality dimension, with the "Det\.)it News" scoring highest in overall quality. Subjects who read newspapers regularly were more likely to find the use of graphs and charts attractive than were nonregular readers. (HTH)


【Objective】 To test the hypothesis that the early administration of amino acids(AA) 2.4 g/(kg·d) to late preterm infants is safe and resultful in a positive nitrogen balance. 【Methods】 A randomized and clinical trial was conducted.Preterm infants with gestational ages between 34W to 36+6W received either glucose and AA 2.4 g/(kg·d) from birth onward(within 2 hours after birth)(n=56) or solely glucose during the first day with a stepwise increase in AA intake to AA 2.4 g/(kg·d) on days 3(n=59).Blood gas analysis was performed at admission and in the 2nd,4th postnatal days;blood urea nitrogen levels were determined on the 2nd day and the 4thday after birth;nitrogen balances were determined on the 2nd day and the 4thday after birth. 【Results】 Modestly altered blood gas values(BE and Bicarbonate) and increased BUN levels with early AA administration in intervention group compared with those in control group(P0.05 or 0.01 respectively).The infants in the control group had higher glucose level than those in the intervention group at the second day after birth(P0.05).Nitrogen balance was higher in the intervention group on the 2nd day after birth as compared with the control group,which had a negative nitrogen balance(P0.05). 【Conclusions】 High-dose AA administration to late preterm infants can be introduced safely from birth onward and resultful in an anabolic state.


Platepistoma seani sp. nov. is described from deep water off KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It can be separatedfrom its nearest relative, Platepistoma guezei (Crosnier, 1976), by its thicker setal covering that completely hides the an-terolateral teeth from dorsal view, less well defined carapace regions, more spinous anterolateral and posterolateral cara-pace margins, sparser but more prominent dorsal carapace spines, more prominent spines on the carpus of the cheliped, and a relatively narrower male telson.


Convincing consumers to buy a new product is always a challenge for marketers of a high-tech firm because consumers usually perceive a new high-tech product as risky. With this doubtful feeling, consumers tend to delay or cancel a product purchase reflecting in a high failure rate for a new product. This study aims to explore whether bundling strategies help lower consumers' risk perception associated with a purchase of a new high-tech product. We develop a theoretical framework to explain how bundling strategies help consumers feel more confident to buy the product. We also explore the factors influencing this feeling. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we suggest five related factors influencing consumers' risk perception. The results of this study not only help marketers formulate specific strategies for successfully introducing new high-tech products into today's dynamic market, but also help consumers make their decision to buy new high-tech products easily with less time, effort, and anxiety.


Abstract Maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax in Zea mays L. was reduced to a much greater extent by neutral shading during growth than in the shade-adapted C4 grass Paspalum conjugatum Berg., although under a high light regime the Pmax of Z. mays was two-fold higher than that of P. conjugatum. In both species the shade-induced reductions of Pmax were not of stomatal origin since the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was not decreased by growth under low light levels. The Ci of P. conjugatum (∼200 μPa Pa−1) measured at air levels of CO2 and high photon flux densities was 30% greater than that of Z. mays and, concomitantly, leaf water use efficiency was less. As with Pmax, specific leaf weight, leaf thickness and chlorenchyma volume were reduced to a greater extent by shading in Z. mays than in P. conjugatum. In contrast to Z. mays, bundle sheath chloroplasts of P. conjugatum contained well-defined stacks of grana. Mesophyll chloroplasts of P. conjugatum developed under a high light regime also contained large amounts of starch. This was not the case with Z. mays.


allowing a hypothesis to be tested in a 'pure' form. I would argue that this is an excessively rigid and restrictive misconception, perhaps based on a misunderstanding of the meaning of 'control'. In colloquial English this has the usual meaning of guide or restrain: we control dogs, horses, children, our emotions. In German (and also French, Italian, Dutch) 'zu kontrollieren' (controler, controllare, controlieren) has in addition the quite different meaning of investigate, examine, audit or check. On the


The minimization problem of finding the number-phase minimum uncertainty states (MUS) is considered and its solutions are found either numerically or, under some special conditions, analytically. The phase uncertainty measure is based on the Bandilla-Paul dispersion. The problem is treated (i) in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space and (ii) for a countably infinite-dimensional Hilbert space (i.e. the standard quantum harmonic oscillator), with the constraint of a given mean photon number. The MUS relations between the photon number uncertainty and phase uncertainty are presented. Connections to some other minimization problems are discussed.


This paper study author simultaneously engaged in multiple affiliations based on bibliometric data covered in the Web of Science for the 2017-2021 period. Based on the affiliation information in publication records, we propose a general classification for multiple affiliations within-country or cross-country for analyzing authors' behavior in multiple affiliations and preferences of host countries across research fields. We find a decrease in publications led by international multi-affiliated authorship after 2020, and China has shown a falling trend after 2018. More G7 countries are active in fields like Social Sciences, Clinical and Life Sciences. China, India, and Russia are active in physical sciences-related fields. Countries prefer to affiliate with G7 countries, especially in Clinical and Life Sciences. These findings may provide more insights into the understanding of the behavior and productivity of multi-affiliated researchers in the current academic landscape.


RCN council's decision to retain 5 per cent of damages obtained through legal action for work injured members was rejected resoundingly by Congress.


Abstract The production of sakacin K by Lactobacillus sakei CTC494 at different temperatures and pH was evaluated before its application as a bioprotective culture against Listeria in different meat-based food packaging systems, that is, oxygen-permeable film, under vacuum and under a modified atmosphere (20% CO 2 : 80% O 2 ) and stored at 7°C. The Lactobacillus culture produced the bacteriocin at a range of temperatures from 4°C to 30°C and at initial pH from 5·5 to 6·5. Listeria inhibition in raw minced pork, poultry breasts and modelized cooked pork could not be achieved by the sole application of vacuum or a modified atmosphere. Inoculation of Lb. sakei CTC494 or sakacin K inhibited the growth of Listeria to different extents in all the products studied in each system; the greatest inhibition being observed in the vacuum packaged samples of poultry breasts and cooked pork, and in the modified atmosphere packaged samples of raw minced pork. Addition of sakacin K resulted in immediate bactericidal action against Listeria in every product and atmosphere studied.


The investigation of the effect of temperature upon insects discussed below was undertaken at the suggestion of Professor C. W. Woodworth of the Entomological Department of the University of California in the fall of 1911. The purpose of the original problem was to obtain data on the length of the imago stage of the different orders of insects without food and under different temperature conditions.


In this paper nonperiodic harmonic wavelets, with band-limited Fourier transform, are considered. Their connection coefficients are explicitly computed at any order, thanks to a recursive formula. As application the Schrodinger equation is solved at the lowest scale.


We analyse the prequential plug-in codes relative to one-parameter exponential familiesM. We show that if data are sampled i.i.d. from some distribution outsideM, then the redundancy of any plug-in prequential code grows at rate lar ger than 1 2 lnn in the worst case. This means that plug-in codes, such as the Rissanen-Dawid ML code, may behave inferior to other important universal codes such as the 2-part MDL, Shtarkov and Bayes codes, for which the redundancy is always 2 lnn+O(1). However, we also show that a slight modification of the ML plug-in code, "almost" in the model, does achieve the optima l redundancy even if the the true distribution is outsideM. I. I NTRODUCTION We resolve two open problems from [1] concerning universal codes of the predictive plug-in type, also known as "prequential" codes. These codes were introduced independently by Rissanen [2] in the context of MDL learning and by Dawid [3], who proposed them as probability forecasting strategies rather than directly as codes. Roughly, the plug -in codes relative to parametric model M = {Mθ | θ ∈ Θ} work by sequentially coding each outcome xi based on an an estimatorθ̄i−1 = θ̄(x) for all previous outcomesx = x1, . . . , xi−1, leading to codelength (log loss) − lnMθ̄i−1(xi), whereMθ denotes the probability density or mass function indexed byθ. If we take θ̄i = θ̂i equal to the ML (maximum likelihood) estimator, we call the resulting code the "ML pl ugin code". There are many papers about the redundancy and/or expected regret for the ML plug-in codes, for a large variety of models including multivariate exponential families, AR MA processes, regression models and so on. Examples are [4], [5], [6]. In all these papers the ML plug-in code is shown to achieve an asymptotic expected regret or redundancy of k 2 lnn + O(1), wherek is the number of parameters of the model andn is the sample size. This matches the behaviour of the Shtarkov, Bayesian and two-part universal codes and i s optimal in several ways, see [7]; since the ML plug-in codes are often easier to calculate than any of these other three codes, this appears to be a strong argument for using them in practical data compression and MDL-style model selectio n. Yet, more recently [8], [9], [10], it was shown that, at least for single-parameter exponential family models, when the d ata are generated i.i.d. ∼ P , the redundancy in fact grows as 1 2 lnn · varPX varMX , where M is the distribution inM that is closest toP in Kullback-Leibler divergence, i.e. it minimizes D(P‖M); a related result for linear regression is in [11]. In contrast to the other cited works, [8], [9], [10], [11] do not assume thatP ∈ M: the model may bemisspecified . Yet if P ∈ M, then we haveM = P so that the redundancy grows like it does in the other universal models. But when M 6= P , the Shtarkov, Bayes and universal codes typically still achieve asymptotic expected regret 1 2 lnn, whereas the plug-in codes behave differently. [8], [10] show that this l eads to substantially inferior performance of the plug-in codes in practical MDL model selection. A. The Two Open Problems/Conjectures In general, the estimator for M based onx need not be an element of the parametric model M; for example, we may think of the Bayesian predictive distribution as an estimator relative toM, even though it is "out-model": rather than a single element of M, it is a mixture of distributions in M, each weighted by their posterior density (see Section IV for an example). We may thus re-interpret Bayesian universal codes as prequential codes based on "out-model" estimators. From now on, we reserve the term "prequential plug-in code", abbreviated to just "plug-in code", for codes based on " in-model" estimators, i.e. estimators required to lie within M. When we call a code just "prequential", it may be sequentially constructed from either in-model or out model estimators. [9] established a nonstandard redundanc y, different from (k/2) lnn, only for ML and closely related plug-in codes. [1, Open Problem Nr. 2] conjectured that a similar result should hold for all plug-in codes, even if they are based on in-model estimators very different from the ML estimator: the conjecture was that no plug-in code can achieve guaranteed redundancy of (k/2) lnn if data are i.i.d.∼ P and P 6= M . Our first main result, Theorem 1 below, shows that, essentially, this conjecture is true for general one-param eter exponential families(k = 1). Specifically, the redundancy can become much larger than (1/2) lnn if P 6∈ M. The second related conjecture [1, Open Problem Nr. 3] concerned the fact that for the normal location family with constant varianceσ, the Bayesian predictive distribution based on datax and a normal prior looks "almost" like an in-model estimator for x, and hence the resulting code looks "almost" like a plug-in code: the Bayes predictive distribution is equal to the normal distribution for Xi with mean equal to the ML estimator̂ μ(x) but with a variance of orderσ+O(1/n), i.e. slightly larger than the variance σ of Pμ̂(xi−1) (see Section IV for details). Since the Bayesian predictive distribution does achieve the redundancy (1/2) lnn even if P 6∈ M, this means that ifM is the normal location family, then there does exist an "almost" in-model estimator (i.e. a slight modification of the ML estimator) that does achieve(1/2) lnn even if P 6∈ M. Although this example does not extend straightforwardly to other exponen tial families, [1] conjectured that there should nevertheless b e some general definition for "almost" in-model estimators th at achieve(k/2) lnn redundancy even if P 6∈ M. Here we show that this conjecture is true, at least if k = 1: we propose the slightly squashedML estimator, a modification of the ML estimator that puts it slightly outside model M, and in Theorem 2 we show that this estimator achieves (1/2) lnn redundancy even if P 6∈ M. This result is important in practice since, in contrast to the Bayesian predictive distribution , the slightly squashed ML estimator is in general just as easy to compute as the ML estimator itself. II. N OTATION AND DEFINITIONS Throughout this text we use nats rather than bits as units of information. A sequence of outcomes z1, . . . , zn is abbreviated to z. We writeEP as a shorthand for EZ∼P , the expectation of Z under distributionP . When we consider a sequence of n outcomes independently distributed ∼ P , we useEP even as a shorthand for the expectation of (Z1, . . . , Zn) under the n-fold product distribution ofP . Finally, P (Z) denotes the probability mass function of P in caseZ is discrete-valued, and it denotes the density of P , in caseZ takes its value in a continuum. When we write 'density function of Z ', then, if Z is discrete-valued, this should be read as 'probability mass function ofZ '. Note however that in our second main result, Theorem 2 we do not assume that the data-generating distributionP admits a density. Let Z be a set of outcomes, taking values either in a finite or countable set, or in a subset of k-dimensional Euclidean space for somek ≥ 1. Let X : Z → R be a random variable on Z, and letX = {x ∈ R : ∃z ∈ Z : X(z) = x} be the range of X . Exponential family models are families of distributions o n Z defined relative to a random variable X (called 'sufficient statistic') as defined above, and a function h : Z → [0,∞). Let Z(η) := ∫ z∈Z eh(z)dz (the integral to be replaced by a sum for countable Z), andΘnat := {η ∈ R : Z(η) < ∞}. Definition 1 (Exponential family):The single parameter exponential family[12] with sufficient statisticX andcarrier h is the family of distributions with densitiesMη(z) := 1 Z(η)e h(z), whereη ∈ Θnat. Θnat is called thenatural parameter space . The family is calledregular if Θnat is an open interval ofR. In the remainder of this text we only consider single parameter, regular exponential families, but this qualific tion will henceforth be omitted. Examples include the Poisson, geometric and multinomial families, and the model of all Gaussian distributions with a fixed variance or mean. The statisticX(z) is sufficient for η [12]. This suggests reparameterizing the distribution by the expected value of X , which is called themean value parameterization . The function μ(η) = EMη [X ] maps parameters in the natural parameterization to the mean value parameterization. It is a diffeomorph ism (it is one-to-one, onto, infinitely often differentiable an d has an infinitely often differentiable inverse) [12]. Therefor e the mean value parameter space Θmean is also an open interval of R. We write M = {Mμ | μ ∈ Θmean} whereMμ is the distribution with mean value parameter μ. We are now ready to define the plug-in universal model. This is a distribution on infinite sequences z1, z2, . . . ∈ Z, recursively defined in terms of the distributions of Zn+1 conditioned onZ = z, for all n = 1, 2, . . .. In the definition, we use the notationxi := X(zi). Note that we use the term "model" both for a single distribution ("plug-in unive rsal model", a common phrase in information theory) and for a family of distributions ("statistical model", a common phr ase in statistics). Definition 2 (Plug-in universal model): Let M = {Mμ | μ ∈ Θmean} be an exponential family with mean value parameter domainΘmean. GivenM, constant̄μ0 ∈ Θmean and a sequence of functions̄ μ(z), μ̄(z), . . ., such that̄μ(z) =: μ̄n ∈ Θmean, we define theplug-in universal model (or plug-in modelfor short)U by setting, for alln, all z ∈ Z: U(zn+1 | z ) = Mμ̄n(zn+1), where U(zn+1 | z) is the density/mass function of zn+1 conditional onZ = z. We usually refer to plug-in universal model in terms of the codelength function of the corresponding plug-in unive rsal code:


A trials programme undertaken by the Defence Research Agency, Bincleaves, has collected high resolution sonar echoes from objects placed on a turntable. The availability of all round views of the objects allows a tomographic image to be reconstructed. The trials procedure is described and examples of echo data from a rock and a representative cylindrical ground mine presented. The way an image may be constructed using computerised tomography is then given in outline and images from the example data shown. Finally the extension of this technique to process data from a sonar which circumnavigates a sea-bed object is discussed.


WELL WATER can be a significant source of 222Rn in room air. Ground water carries Rn from its 226Ra precursor in soil and rock into the home, where the Rn gas escapes into the air, especially when the water is heated, sprayed, or agitated. Granitic rock, identified as a source of relatively high Rn levels in ground water, occurs throughout the Piedmont region of Georgia. The present study of '"Rn concentrations in well water was undertaken in the Piedmont just east of Atlanta to determine the concentrations of Rn in water from this type of rock and to compare them with levels from wells drilled into other types of water-bearing rock units. Examination of exposure pathways (Cross et al. 1985) indicates that the radiation dose to the lungs due to inhaling 222Rn that escaped from the water used in a home generally is much higher than the dose to the GI tract due to drinking the Rn-containing water. The authors estimated that approximately 400 Bq L-' (10,000 pCi L-' ) in water would result in the 0.15 Bq L-' (4 pCi L-' ) concentration in air above which remedial action is recommended by the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The ratio of Rn concentration in air to that in water, however, depends on water use and room ventilation; hence, Rn measurements in water do not directly indicate the dose to lungs and can only suggest the need to measure Rn concentration in room air.


In the years of space exploration since the mid-sixties, a wide experience in optical space instrumentation has developed in Germany. This experience ranges from large telescopes in the 1 m and larger category with the accompanying focal plane detectors and spectrometers for all regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum (infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays), to miniature cameras for cometary and planetary explorations. The technologies originally developed for space science. are now also utilized in the fields of earth observation and even optical telecommunication. The presentation will cover all these areas, with examples for specific technological or scientific highlights. Special emphasis will be given to the current state-of-the-art instrumentation technologies in scientific institutions and industry, and to the future perspective in approved and planned projects.


Status quo, the process of maintaining land ownership records employed by many countries is archaic, providing scope for fraudulence, tampering and/or misrepresentation of data, with little to no accountability for ensuring the authenticity of the managed records. This inefficiency and lack of transparency in the system can heavily exploited by the malicious middlemen with questionable intent, entrusted with the task of maintaining the records. The paper aims at introducing transparency, especially in the realm of land acquisition and ownership record management, by ensuring that each transaction is validated by all involved parties. It removes the scope for fraudulence by creating an immutable history of records, which is permanently linked to the system, thereby streamlining documentation and record-keeping. A peer-to-peer tamper-proof and forge-proof network is leveraged for this purpose, using a permissioned Blockchain such as Hyperledger Fabric. The system is interfaced with Interplanetary File System for secure documentation record management.


The dual role of the fisherman's wife requires interpersonal communication in interaction. As a housewife, she also helps her husband work to meet family needs while maintaining family togetherness and honour. The research aims to know the role and function of a housewife in family interpersonal communication. This type of research is qualitative with a communication and sociology approach. The data sources are primary data with 20 key informants, religious leaders, community, and government, each one person, and secondary in the form of books and documents. Data collection methods through interviews, observation, and documentation. As well as theoretical data analysis. The results of the study show that the role of the fisherman's wife is inseparable from interpersonal communication. The part of the wife when the husband goes to sea to catch fish in the sea so that family harmony is created. Namely, a. Maintain household harmony by 1). Assamaturuseng (mutual consensus), 2). Sipakatau (humanize each other), 3). Sipakalebbi Sipakalebbi (glorify/appreciate each other, 4). Sipakinge (advise each other). B. Maintaining honour, namely, 1). Independence; meeting the needs of life with family members; 2). Limit yourself. He was closing himself out of the house, receiving guests, 3). Take care of the children while the husband is at sea. The implication of this paper is to provide advice and affirm policies regarding families living on the coast. Furthermore, it is a reference in social science and communication sociology. Keywords: The role of the wife, communication, harmony, family, fishermen.


Introduction The 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) pandemic is a world emergency alerting global health institutions. Effective management and prevention of epidemics takes time, but practitioners and public health authorities (PHAs) still need precise, scientific data and actionable information. The New England Journal of Medicine published an editorial [1], encouraging scientists to share important information with PHAs as early as possible and created links to essential resources for clinicians, an editorial policy shared by other journals (www. NEJM.org/coronavirus). This pandemic has resulted in many publications, reducing submission-acceptance-publication times up to 2-10 days. This proliferation of articles has generated some Review Article Medical and Clinical Research: Open Access


Refractive index fluctuations due to changing environmental conditions or due to air turbulence can significantly influence the measurement uncertainty of interferometric length measurements in air ambiance. A two wavelength interferometer is to some extend capable of measuring synchronously a path difference and the integral refractive index along this path difference. The best performance is achieved using two harmonically correlated optical fields like in a second harmonic interferometer. We developed a new type of a second harmonic two wavelength interferometer based on a double heterodyne interferometer with electronic frequency multiplication of one heterodyne frequency. The optical setup of the interferometer uses a measurement and a reference interferometer, both with spatially separated measurement and reference beam to avoid optical nonlinearities and reduce the influence of mechanical vibrations. The phase difference between measurement and reference interferometer is kept constant which reduces possible nonlinearities of the phase analysis. The system is capable of measuring the integral index of refraction without any effect modulation like e.g. a variation of the path difference which makes the design also applicable for absolute measuring interferometry. First experimental results will be presented


With the development of Internet and software reuse,it will be possible that end user who wants to customize some functional feature can get such program by finding some components from component libraries and compiling them according to the user′s demand.A program mining methodology under networked environments is presented:with the aid of intelligent agents,analyzing and understanding user's requests for computing,identifying and searching component candidates from online component libraries,composing and reassembling them to form programs that perform the expected computing.The basic concepts,system framework,overall process and agent platform of program mining are investigated.The research issues are also discussed to present an open research area.


There is an intimate relation between cultural tradition and higher education massiffication. Because of distinctions of cultural tradition in different countries, their developmental paths of countries are different. The cultural tradition influents mainly on the speed of process, the choice of breakthrough measures, the developmental model and the quality-conception and so on. China is the country with long cultural tradition and presently is at the key period of massiffication development, so we must pay more attentions to the profound influences of the cultural tradition during this process.


Objective: Understanding the role of apoptosis in abnormal neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative processes is crucial. In this study, it is aimed to determine how apoptosis biomarkers are affected in patients with schizophrenia and severity of the disease and also whether apoptosis biomarkers can be used as blood-based biomarkers in diagnosis of the disease. Method: This is a cross-sectional prospective study performed at a tertiary university hospital and city hospital in Turkey. Volunteers (n=60) diagnosed with schizophrenia were divided into three groups (Mild, Moderate and Severe) according to the Clinical Global Impressions Scale developed by Guy. The control group was constituted from volunteers who were similar to the patient group (n=40) in terms of age and gender. Serum levels of Caspase-8(C-8), Granzyme B (GrB) and Cytcochrome C (CYCS) were measured by ELISA method from blood samples collected from patient and control groups. Results: It was observed that Caspase 8 and GrB levels were lower in all three groups compared with the control group, and the highest decrease was in the 3rd group (P<0,.5). CYCS level on the other hand increased, and the highest increase was observed in 3rd Group (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is hypothesised that increase in serum CYCS level of patients with schizophrenia may be a blood based biomarker in which apoptosis occurs.


Sulfate uptake was investigated with four species of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. Rhodobacter sulfidophilus and Chromatium vinosum took up 35S-labeled sulfate added in micromolar concentrations. Sulfate uptake by C. vinosum was expressed only under sulfate starvation. R. sulfidophilus took up 10 μM sulfate almost completely and accumulated it up to 5300-fold, also when grown with excess sulfate. Sulfite (1 mM) as an intermediate of sulfate assimilation inhibited sulfate uptake completely within 1 min. Moderate inhibition was observed with cysteine (1 mM) and none with sulfide (1 mM). Transport was not dependent on the cations K+, Na+, Li+ or protons, but was sensitive to uncouplers and to the ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). The accumulation of sulfate correlated with the ATP concentration in the cells, indicating an ATP-dependent uptake mechanism.


In this paper, we present the experimental and simulation results of the stress-recovery characteristics of solution-processed ZnO thin-film transistors under gate bias and current stress conditions. Under both stress conditions, we invariably observed a positive threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) that is initially associated with changes in the values of subthreshold slope and off-current, which later becomes constant on prolonging the stress time. However, ΔVT was less for current stress, compared with gate bias stress. This stress-induced ΔVT is speculated to be caused by defect creation in the active layer and charge trapping at the semiconductor-dielectric interface. Following a stretched exponential model, at room temperature, a characteristics time of 1.6 × 103-3.6 × 103s during stress and 7.7 × 103-15.7 × 103s during recovery was obtained under all gate bias and current stress conditions. The ΔVT-time measurements performed under various temperatures yield an activation energy of ~ 0.5 and ~ 0.7 eV for the stress and recovery periods, respectively. The device simulation indicates that ΔVT is mainly caused by the increase in accept or like defects of the density of states in the ZnO channel layer. Furthermore, it was found that the deep lying states are responsible for the change in the value of inverse subthreshold slope.


The triterpene 20(29)-lupene-3β,28β-diacetate, C34H54O4, was obtained by acetylation of naturally occurring betulin. The cyclopentane ring adopts a twisted envelope conformation and the cyclohexane rings are all in chair conformations. The molecular structure is stabilized only by weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Plasma GH responses, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were assessed in individual rats with indwelling jugular cannulae following administration of pentobarbital sodium (Pb) (50 mg/kg i.p.) Plasma GH


Ecomusicology: Rock, Folk, and the Environment. By Mark Pedelty. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2012. Pp. xi + 229, acknowledgments, references, permissions, index.)Mark Pedelty's Ecomusicology: Rock, Folk, and the Environment is a project of personal passion, and this passion is evident on every single page. Pedelty's scope is not limited to a single case study, approach, or even discipline. Rather, the book is a winding, at times eclectic, journey for both author and reader that tackles Pedelty's diverse experiences in and at the intersections of musicology and environment, musicianship and ecological practice. Pedelty takes his readers from massive concerts at Washington's Gorge Amphitheatre to intimate open mic performances at a San Juan Islands cafe. He shows us Pete Seeger on the Hudson River and University of Minnesota students strumming guitars along the Mississippi. The book winds from folk to rock to classical to hip-hop, crossing the country in a manner reminiscent of the opening verses of Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land"-a central text examined at length in the book's second chapter.Yet even as Pedelty shifts between mass market musicians like U2, Jack Johnson, and Soundgarden and his own experiences as a fledgling local musician, Ecomusicology never loses sight of its central goal: to trace, through observation and participation, music's impact on cultural ecologies and material ecosystems.Only a handful of self-described " ecomusicologists" are beginning to look comprehensively at these issues, and Pedelty's work marks an important contemporary turn in folkloristic research. Ecomusicology brings ethnography and humanities into direct dialogue with politics, sciences, and the material world. Pedelty demonstrates how ethnomusicology can draw from and speak to spatial theory and environmental science. His work combines field study with rhetoric and economics, tackling folk, popular, and official culture side-by-side. Troubled by the question of how our artistic expression and material consumption of music impact the biophysical environment, Pedelty recognizes that the world we live in and the songs we share are ultimately interconnected. His work is a powerful argument for the necessity of interdisciplinary research.He writes that the book is about "the conundrum of making music sustainably" (p. 5) at any scale. As both a committed ecologist and music enthusiast, he realizes that the wood harvested to craft a guitar, the electricity expended to amplify a concert, the sense of place experienced in a venue, and the image of a river or forest evoked by lyrics all affect the biophysical world and subsequent actions taken toward it.With this scope in mind, Ecomusicology launches into a series of varied chapters, working its way toward the local and ending in an extended first-person case study of Pedelty's own experiences writing, singing, and playing in and around Minnesota. The book's introduction uses U2' s 2009-2011 tour to demonstrate music's environmental impact before posing questions about music's ability to guide and even encourage ecological action. Chapter 1 examines these questions at the global scale, tracing the history of rock's fund-raising mega-events like Live Aid and Live Earth, while challenging both rockers and rock audiences for being " stupid and contagious" in their greenwashing and waste. …


In the latter half of 1990 there was a rapid spiralling of violence in townships across the Witwatersrand. Hostel dwellers were a key group of protagonists in the bloody internecine clashes which still continue. Very few explanations, however, have penetrated beyond superficial explanations of this group's involvement in the violence. This paper, which contains exerpts from interviews with hostel dwellers, seeks to unveil some of the reasons behind their participation, and so presents the 'human face of violence'. It attempts to contextualise direct questions about the violence within, first, the broader historical conditions that have characterised the hostel community and, second, the broader political processes that have had an impact on the lives of hostel dwellers. While the small sample of interviews prevents any generalisations about the causes of the violence from being made, the interviews provide useful insights, as well as starting points, for a more extensive investigation of the subject.


The accurate estimation of the a-keto acids present in plant tissues is imnportant because these acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of the plant and thus may be vital to our understanding of the physiological conditions which govern the storage ofmany fruits and vegetables. The main uncertainty in the estimation is the stability of the a-keto acids and related compounds in contact with the tissue during the procedure used for killing. Preliminary results on strawberry leaves showed that different amounts of oc-keto acids were obtained, according to the procedure. This observation focused attention on the peculiarly difficult nature ofthe estimation of substances, such as m-keto acids, which are intermediates in the metabolic pathways linking fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. Only small amounts are present under normal physiological conditions and they are probably closely associated with multi-enzyme systems, which are confined for the most part in small subcellular units such as mitochondria and microsomes. It is difficult to guess at the importance that this juxtaposition of enzymes and possible substrates will have in the complex reactions that


This study explored Tshivenda mothers' emotional reactions to the learning of unplanned pregnancies of their adolescent daughters. Ten purposively selected mothers with early parent adolescent children were informants (age range = 40 to 55 years). They responded to semi-structured face-to-face interviews on their reactions to the learning of the pregnancies of their daughters. The interview data were thematically analysed. Findings suggest the mothers experienced anger and embarrassment, objective and subjective burdens supporting their early parent daughter, and fears for the health of their mother-to-be daughters. The mothers reported to cope with pregnancy of their daughters by religion supplication, acceptance and social support, as well as open communication with their adolescent daughters about the pregnancies.


A dual-band origami FSS design and its performance analysis for the case of normal incident wave is presented in this work. As an origami structure, a Miura-Ori geometry is chosen for the implementation of a rhombic loop FSS. This FSS shows a dual frequency band stop characteristic at its flat state. Exploiting the ability of the origami pattern to fold/unfold, the two frequency bands are appropriately adjusted for both TE and TM polarizations.


In this paper, we present a practical key recovery attack on WEP, the link-layer security protocol for 802.11b wireless networks. The attack is based on a partial key exposure vulnerability in the RC4 stream cipher discovered by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir. This paper describes how to apply this flaw to breaking WEP, our implementation of the attack, and optimizations that can be used to reduce the number of packets required for the attack. We conclude that the 802.11b WEP standard is completely insecure, and we provide recommendations on how this vulnerability could be mitigated and repaired.


In this paper,a new architecture of small windpower generating system,which features simple structure,low cost and high reliability,is introduced and the disturbance injection method of maximum power control is given.Simulation study is made on the basis of a state average model.Simulation results show that the disturbance injection method of maximum power control for small wind-power generating systems is both correct and practical.


SRI technology promises the much needed boost to productivity in rice with better water use efficiency. During the last decade, various agencies promoted this method of rice cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. However, the rate of adoption of SRI method by rice farmers is low. The purpose of the study was to understand the needs of the farmers in terms of knowledge and skills which can help improve the adoption rate of the technology. Data was collected using a questionnaire from a random sample of 150 SRI demonstration framers (N = 150) from the three North Coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The study indicated that framers have developed positive attitude towards SRI technology. However, majority of the farmers feel that many of the operations of SRI method are labour intensive and time consuming. More than 80% of the farmers expressed the need for development of more efficient equipment for raising nursery, leveling and weeding. They felt the need for training agriculture labour in SRI techniques. Farmers expressed the need for season long contact and support of extension staff with information on irrigation technology and integrated crop management. India has the largest area under paddy cultivation in the world with over 40 million ha each year. Andhra Pradesh is one of the leading states in terms of area and production contributing about 12 per cent of total rice production in the country. However, India lags behind in terms of productivity as compared to many other rice producing countries of the world. The world's population is increasing year after year building pressure on natural resources. The need of the hour is to produce more food grains efficiently in terms of increasing productivity and better input (land, water, agriculture chemicals etc.) use efficiency. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology in rice production promises to do the same. The return of investment of rice farmers can be increased by adopting SRI method. The economic status of small and marginal rice farmers can be substantially improved aiding in alleviation of


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of the PulseRider for the treatment of wide-neck, bifurcation aneurysms at the basilar and carotid terminus locations were studied in a prospective trial, the Adjunctive Neurovascular Support of Wide-Neck Aneurysm Embolization and Reconstruction (ANSWER) trial, reporting on initial 6-month angiographic and clinical results. This report provides insight into the longer term durability and safety with 12-month data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aneurysms treated with the PulseRider among enrolled sites were prospectively studied. Updated 12-month data on clinical and imaging end points are included. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were enrolled (29 women, 5 men) with a mean age of 60.9 years. The mean aneurysm height ranged from 2.4 to 15.9 mm with a mean neck size of 5.2 mm (range, 2.3–11.6 mm). At 1 year, there were no device migrations or symptomatic in-stent stenoses. Raymond-Roy I occlusion was achieved in 53% of cases at the time of treatment and progressed to 61% and 67% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Adequate occlusion (Raymond-Roy I/II) progressed from 88% at 6 months to 90% at 12 months. No recanalizations were observed. There was 1 delayed ischemic event. Good outcome (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 90% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The updated 1-year results from the ANSWER trial demonstrate aneurysm stability and an acceptable safety profile for aneurysms treated at the basilar apex and carotid terminus. Prospective data from a larger set of aneurysms treated at other locations are required to assess how treatment with PulseRider compares with alternatives for treating wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms.


Due to the difficulty of GaN epitaxy growth on Si(001) substrate, GaN-on-Si wafers are generally grown on Si(111) substrates. Because of the poor electrical characteristics of Si(111) orientation, monolithic integration between CMOS ICs and GaN devices cannot be implemented on GaN-on-Si(111) wafers. At this point of view, Si(110) substrate will be an alternative choice for GaN-on-Si epitaxy growth, because it has good atomic arrangement with AlN seed layer and an advantage of excellent hole mobility characteristics over Si(001). We have developed high quality GaN epitaxy growth technique on Si(110) substrate using NH3 MBE and demonstrated normally-off AlGaN/GaN-on-Si(110) metal-oxide-semiconductor-heterojunction field-effect transistors with an OFF-state breakdown voltage of 610 V. The fabricated device exhibited promising characteristics comparable with those achieved on conventional GaN-on-Si(111) wafers.


The appearance of single chip microcomputer is a milestone event in modem computer technology, it's birth shows that computer formally form two departments between general purpose computer system and embedded computer system.


□ We have, in this paper, tried to describe some of the experiential techniques and methods used in a group counseling situation with blind adolescents. We have also tried to show that by using these methods, the group advanced a little further and a little faster than might otherwise have been the case. During the clinical services meeting, the other group leaders stated that their groups were often avoiding confrontations of their feelings, while we were able to state that members of our group sometimes overwhelmed us with their insights. Possibly this was because "our" technique kept the members alert and involved, showed them that we were interested and would let them do and say things that would normally have been forbidden, and let them know that we wanted to offer them a chance to experience new things. Because of this, their reactions and interactions were more spontaneous and "off guard."


Now a days, instruction quality at university is more and more important because of decreasing the population numbers in Korea. Students want more easy and comfortable lecture then yesterday. This study suggests new classroom platform shape (open-stage style) by educational technology for effective instruction in university. The point issue of this study is classroom platform. The problem of classroom platform was deducted by brainstorming of university lecturers. Platform, lecture desk, beam-projector and screen was main issue of equipment in classroom.


Abstract Exclusive breastfeeding which is given to the infants since birth to 6 months of age is very important. Breastfemilk is the best food and beverages for infants, because the composition is suitable for the growth and development of infants. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinant factors affecting the failure of exclusive breastmilk in infants, age of 0-6 months in Mulyorejo Surabaya. This study is an observational analytic study with a quantitative approach. This study used cross-sectional method the sample was 54 respondents. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study a the attitude, imitating friends, socio-cultural norms, place of birth, support from significant others, support from the health workers, knowledge, education, age, socio-economic, maternal employment, and promotion of infant formula, and the dependent variables were the exclusive breastmilk behavior in infants. It analyzed with chi square test and logistic regression analysis to see the effect of the determinant factors. These results indicated the relationship between attitudes, imitating friends, socio-cultural norms, place of birth, support from significant others, support from health workers, knowledge, education, age, socio-economic, maternal employment, and promotion of infant formula with exclusive breastmilk. The determinant factors which influenzed the breastmilk are the attitude, imitating friends, family support, and socio-economic. The determinant factor which gave most influenzed was the socio-economic (sig. = 0.019, with Exp (B) = 13.310). Socio-economic associated with a person s employment income.
Keywords exclusive Breastfeeding, attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control


[5alpha,6alpha-3H2]-5alpha-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol (A), (25 R)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxyl-[5alpha,6alpha-3H2]-5alpha--cholestan-26-oic acid (B),(25R)-[5alpha,6alpha-3H2]stane-3alpha,7alpha-26-triol (C), and [3beta-3H]allochenodeoxycholic acid (D) were prepared, characterized, and studied with a rat liver microsomal preparation fortified with 1 mM NADPH. The 12alpha-hydroxylated product formed from each of these substrates was identified by isotopic dilution; the relative reactivity of the four substrates was (A) 100; (B) 87; (C) 135; and (D) 40. The microsomal system showed a requirement for added NADPH and other properties similar to those shown for 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, which is ultimately converted to cholic acid. Since the coplanar 5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol is virtually superimposable upon 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, and the enzymic requirements are comparable, it is suggested that a single enzyme system may be responsible for 12alpha-hydroxylation of these substrates.


Research progress of penetration needling method in modern times was illustrated from related historical documents and we thought that the method was effective in treating peripheral facial palsy,migraine,periarthritis humeroscapularis;strephenopodia caused by cerebral apoplexy and other diseases to provide evidence for associated study.


Within the framework of the residential property and from two angles of the scope of charge and the tax regime,this paper studies the influence of different tax sets on the functions of the real estate tax.The aim of the real estate tax reform is to promote the tax fairness,appropriately controls the over demand and regulates the social wealth gap as well.It suggests that taxes should be levied in good time on all the real estate properties and the simple and effective system of the exceeding progressive rates and the tax threshold should also be set up.


Based on analysis of the geological background and gas content data in Faer coalfield, we discuss the occurrence characteristics of coalbed methane (CBM) and its distribution along the stratigraphic sequence and in coal seams. We analyze the methane adsorption isotherm experiments, reservoir deformations and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and further discuss the reservoir physical properties. The results show that gas content and gas content gradient of CBM fluctuate with stratigraphic sequence that is mainly caused by the difference in absorption capacity of each coal seam and distributions of CBM reservoir pressure systems. The relatively low gas content gradients of those coal seams buried below 500 m depth result from the dissipation of CBM into the surrounding rocks of thin and unstable Nos. 28 to 34 coal seams and the lateral migration of CBM along the strata in high-elevation area. The Yangmeishu syncline and topography are the main controlling factors that affect the current distribution pattern of CBM content, which is higher in the north than in the south and has a northeastern trend. The theoretical gas saturation is generally lower than 60%, combined with well-developed brittle fractures and macropores, formed by structural deformation. The exploration prospects for CBM in Faer coalfield is good.


Education plays a central role in shaping personality. Moreover, the particular importance are the values and ideals, which are formed through a process of education and training. Today the moral component of the education system is one of the priority tasks of the state


Vascular tumors are divided histologically into vascular lesions on the surface of the body, i.e. hemangiomas, and vascular malformations which have normal endothelial cells but manifest structurally abnormal vascular proliferation. Vascular malformations are often encountered in the head and neck region. We studied patients who underwent laryngoscopic surgery in our department for vascular malformations of the larynx.Direct laryngoscopic surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The mucosa surrounding the vascular malformation was stripped and resected. The vasa vasorum were treated with an Ho:YAG laser. We reviewed five patients who had received laryngoscopic treatment in the larynx region during the past two years.Histopathologic examination of the removed tumor tissues revealed venous malformation in four cases and lymphatic malformation in one case. The postoperative course was uneventful with neither hemorrhaging nor other complications, and none of the cases showed any recurrent disease up to the present.Our experience suggests that the laryngoscopic surgery provides minimal surgical intervention and can be applied to a wide range of age.


Living near vaccination sites can reduce transportation barriers to getting the COVID-19 vaccine. We examine how access in North Carolina varies among demographic groups based on residents' geographic proximity to potential vaccination sites in centralized and dispersed distribution scenarios. We find American Indians have substantially less proximity-based access in both scenarios; non-Hispanic Whites, older adults, and adults with lower educational attainment also live farther than average from potential vaccination sites. However, access increases more for these groups in the dispersed vaccine distribution scenario. Findings suggest programs seeking to increase vaccine access should focus on reaching members of these demographic groups.


Two groups of cases are described in this paper, having the samne symptoms, but investigated from a somewhat different standpoint; for this reason they are kept apart. Another group, bringing the total cases to thirty-two, was examined, presenting the same symptoms, but is not referred to in detail. The manner in which the first group was discovered is of interest. In August, 1915, in a Divisional Rest Station in France, there were a large number of cases in which the symptoms complained of were pains in the joints and muscles. In an investigation of these a proportion were found to be anfemic and to have an affection of the gums, either pyorrhcea, bleeding, or loose.teeth. It was at first assumed that the pains and anaemia were of septic origin, the cause being the diseased gums. One of us (G. W. L.) discovered two patients who each had a subcutaneous haemorrhage. Upon this, scurvy was thought to be a possible cause of the symptoms. But if this were so, it was argued (by R. P.) that some of the patients should have a degree of night-blindness. Tests were devised, necessarily of a rough nature but accurate enough for the purpose, and by these it was obvious that nine of the twelve cases iii the first group had a moderate degree of night-blindness, though none of them had complained of it nor were aware of it.


Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Magnetic Grains in Co 80 Pt 20 :Oxide Thin Films Probed by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism W. Zhang 1 , S. A. Morton 2 , P. K. J. Wong 1, * , X. F. Hu 1 , E. Arenholz 2 , B. Lu 3 , T. Y. Cheng 1 , Y. B. Xu 1, † , and G. van der Laan 4 Spintronics and Nanodevice Laboratory, Department of Electronics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, US Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK Abstract Using angle-dependent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism we have measured magnetic hysteresis loops at the CoL 2,3 edges of oxide-doped Co 80 Pt 20 thin films. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of the Co atoms, which is the main source of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the CoPt magnetic grains, has beendetermined directly from these element-specific hysteresis loops. When the oxide volume fraction (OVF) is increased from 16.6% to 20.7%, the Co MAE has been found to decrease from 0.117 meV/atom to 0.076 meV/atom.While a larger OVF helps to achieve a smaller grain size, it reduces the magnetocrystalline anisotropyas demonstrated unambiguously from the direct Co MAE measurements.Our results suggest that thoseCo 80 Pt 20 :oxide films with OVF between 19.1% and20.7%aresuitable candidates for high-density magnetic recording. Present address: MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. Corresponding author: email@example.com


Based on the analysis of the inner structure and principle of the GP2021 correlator,from the function point of view,module layout of the correlator circuit module was remade,and the simulation of it was completed on the basis of software definition radio.The analysis of the software performance was given through a test.


ABSTRACT Solid Polymer electrolyte-based energy devices are playing a vital role for future energy sources. Solid state Poly (ethylene Oxide) polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporating CdS nanoparticles. The precursor Cd(NO3)2 was incorporated in the host polymer to form a film and H2S gas was exposed on the film to convert it into CdS. The host polymer itself acted as a capping agent to reduce the size of CdS nanoparticles. The size distribution of CdS particles inside the matrix and the surface property were studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The functional group present in the composites had been analyzed using Fourier Transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrical characteristics of the polymer nano composite electrolyte were characterized using impedance analyzer. The increase in ionic conductivity by varying the ratio of CdS:PEO was observed from the electrical studies.


The operation heads of Gezhouba and Dayuandu shiplocks were counted and analyzed based on the data of daily upstream and downstream water level for many years,which indicates that the average operation heads are 80% to 87% and 70% to 79% of the design head respectively.Based on this conclusion,problems such as fixing value of head in filling and emptying system design as well as calculation of shiplock capacity were discussed,views of using guarantee rate of head as the design head in the filling and emptying system design and introducing modified coefficient into the calculation formula of shiplock capacity were submitted.The above conclusions and views may serve reference for shiplock design and code modification.


The triumvirate mission for most academic health institutions includes patient care, research, and medical education. These institutions differ from community hospitals in that they are generally more complex and require more advanced communication networks and methods for capturing patient information from multiple systems. In addition, there is a broader audience of system users and an institutional commitment to integrate the information technologies (IT) to support the patient care, research, and education mission. In the academic setting, information needs in the areas of clinical prac tice, research, and education require greater integration to link knowledge based systems. They also require multidisciplinary collaboration in the development of clinical protocols and guidelines that are based on the outcomes of research efforts. Clinical research initiatives, often funded through grants and gifts, in turn foster new research talent and innovative methods of deploying the research efforts. As the organizational models change to support an increasingly managed care environment and we observe a shift toward more health promotion and disease management, the emphasis of medical education is shifting as well. The new teaching emphasis is becoming one of evidence-based learn ing. That foundation is derived from the ability to aggregate data from multiple sources and critically develop the best conclusions. According to Stanford University'S Edward Shortliffe, both practitioners and patients are seeking health information that is largely unmanageable in a paper environ ment. His view of the process of informed decision~making is as important to modern biomedicine as is the collection of facts on which clinical deci sions or research plans are based. The integration of medical education with the provision of care requires access to clinical information to support quality decision-making. The ma jority of medical schools make use of computers and incorporate computer literacy into the curriculum. By stressing the access to information through computers and the use of clinical information to support quality decision


In the field of addictions, prevention has gone through several evolutions, having as  support reference the theories of medicine, education and psychology disciplines, each one of them has used this concept depending on the context and the theoretical focus of its work. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify and to establish a specific definition of the concept of addiction prevention derived from the evolution of the concept, and in turn sustained in the contemporary applications so as to allow the development of interventions based on prevention and the capacity of studying the interventions results empirically.


Nutrient supply in phosphorus (P)-limited ecosystems, with most P being associated with secondary minerals, has to rely on efficient nutrient allocation strategies, such as those involving mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, little is known about the extent of photo-assimilate transfer to the fungal partner, who in turn mobilizes mineral-bound P sources required by the plant. This study aims to explore the carbon (C)–P trade between an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plant and its ability to incorporate P from differently accessible P sources. We compared P uptake rates of AM plants for orthophosphate (OP) and phytic acid (PA), applied to mesocosms in either dissolved form or bound to goethite (α-FeOOH). The design of the mesocosms allowed the plant to only access the P in the fungal compartment via the AM hyphae. We hypothesized the AM plant to invest more C into the symbiosis, if P is present in the less accessible form. To estimate the C budget of the symbiosis, we determined total organic carbon (OC), 16:1ω5c phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA; AM fungi extraradical mycelium), 16:1ω5c neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA; AM fungi energy storage), and CO2 cumulative respiration in the fungal compartment. A ratio to the total C mobilized into the fungal compartment (OC+CO2 cumulative respiration) and the P incorporated into the AM plant (Total C/P) was calculated to estimate the C investment made by the AM plant into its symbiotic partner. AM plants incorporated P derived from all four P sources exclusively via the mycorrhizal pathway in different amounts and kinetics. The Total C/P ratio was significantly larger for those AM plants accessing the goethite-bound P compounds. They also transferred significantly larger amounts of PLFA and NLFA to their fungal partner, both indicating a larger plant C investment per P taken up. Our data provide first evidence about the ability of an AM plant to incorporate P from an organic source bound to a secondary mineral. The different C investments of AM plants into P allocation from variably available sources suggests a broad nexus between P mining strategies, resource partitioning in soil, and the amounts of C accumulated in terrestrial soils.


This paper reports the result of a case study on anxiety in oral English classrooms in a Chinese university. By way of survey and reflective journals, the study revealed that (1) anxiety was experienced by a considerable number of students when speaking English in class, (2) the students reported to be the most anxious when singled out to speak English in class or giving presentations at the front while the least during pair work, (3) a multitude of variables such as lack of vocabulary, low English proficiency and memory disassociation contributed to student anxiety in class, and (4) most students felt helpless about being anxious when speaking English in class. Finally, some suggestions were discussed in order to help students reduce anxiety and become more confident to speak English in oral language classrooms, thus ultimately enhance their learning of oral English.


Growth mechanism of In-rich InGaN∕GaN quantum wells (QWs) was investigated. First, we examined the initial stage of InN growth on GaN template considering strain-relieving mechanisms such as defect generation, islanding, and alloy formation at 730 °C. It was found that, instead of formation of InN layer, defective In-rich InGaN layer with thickness fluctuations was formed to relieve large lattice mismatch over 10% between InN and GaN. By introducing growth interruption (GI) before GaN capping at the same temperature, however, atomically flat InGaN∕GaN interfaces were observed, and the quality of In-rich InGaN layer was greatly improved. We found that decomposition and mass transport processes during GI in InGaN layer are responsible for this phenomenon. There exists severe decomposition in InGaN layer during GI, and a 1-nm-thick InGaN layer remained after GI due to stronger bond strength near the InGaN∕GaN interface. It was observed that the mass transport processes actively occurred during GI in InGaN la...


The impact on range and endurance of increasing electrical loads on aircraft and burgeoning interest in all-electric aircraft are driving a need for more efficient replacements for engine-driven me...


Along the erosive convergent margin off Costa Rica a large number of mound-shaped structures exist built by mud diapirism or mud volcanism. One of these, Mound 12, an intermittently active mud volcano, currently emits large amounts of aqueous dissolved species and water. Chemosynthetic vent communities, authigenic carbonates, and methane plumes in the water column are manifestations of that activity. Benthic flux measurements were obtained by a video-guided Benthic Chamber Lander (BCL) deployed at a vent site located in the most active part of Mound 12. The lander was equipped with 4 independent chambers covering adjacent areas of the seafloor. Benthic fluxes were recorded by repeated sampling of the enclosed bottom waters while the underlying surface sediments were recovered with the lander after a deployment time of one day. One of the chambers was placed directly in the centre of an active vent marked by the occurrence of a bacterial mat while the other chambers were located at the fringe of the same vent system at a lateral distance of only 40 cm. A transport-reaction model was developed and applied to describe the concentration profiles in the pore water of the recovered surface sediments and the temporal evolution of the enclosed bottom water. Repeated model runs revealed that the best fit to the pore water and benthic chamber data is obtained with a flow velocity of 10 cm yr 1 at the centre of the vent. The flux rates to the bottom water are strongly modified by the benthic turnover (benthic filter). The methane flux from below at the bacterial mat site is as high as 1032 Amol cm 2 yr , out of which 588 Amol cm 2 yr 1 is oxidised in the surface sediments by microbial consortia using sulphate as terminal electron acceptor and 440 Amol cm 2 yr 1 are seeping into the overlaying bottom water. Sulphide is transported to the surface by ascending fluids (238 Amol cm 2 yr ) and is formed within the surface sediment by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM, 588 Amol cm 2 yr ). However,


ABSTRACT In this research, a coupled numerical–experimental approach is employed to investigate the spray–wall interaction on step geometries with slope angles from 0° to 90° as well as impinging on and off the step geometry. Spray contours are used to compare the numerical and experimental results and, in general, good agreement between them is found. The results from the model are used to provide deeper knowledge about the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of the impinging spray influenced by step geometries. The numerical results provide a three-dimensional perspective that reveals the deflection of the flow by the geometry along the slope and to the sides. Additionally, the quantitative results show the mass distribution over time on droplet behavior (such as moving droplet mass, wall film mass and evaporation mass) for the whole domain, but forward and backward directions separately. A strong dependency on the impinging position, but a smaller effect of the slope angle, on spray propagation is found. Consequently, these impinging positions have a strong influence on spray behavior in the forward and backward directions regarding moving droplet mass and the wall film mass. In general, this study reveals the severe consequences of step geometry on impinging spray behavior.


The preschool teachers′ professional quality is directly related to the quality of children′s education and the healthy growth of the children.Traditional training scheme is focused on the ability of normal students in teaching design and the performance in the implementation of the plan.While in the new situation,the legality of preschool teachers in teaching and childcare has aroused the attention of the society.This paper focuses on the cultivation of the legal consciousness and comments on the basic professional literacy of preschool teachers.Suggestions are made on the cultivation of the legal consciousness of preschool education teachers.


This paper provides a clinical analysis of some existing and potential linkages and gaps between physical and environmental geography as currently experienced and represented among the French community of physical geographers. Following a rapid evocation of some relevant historical facts, a first view is expressed that considers environmental geography as a natural downstream extension of physical geography, within a fruitful continuum from basic to applied research (with significant results in fields such as local climatology and process geomorphology). Another viewpoint considers physical geography and environmental geography as enemy sisters, based on a Manichean view opposing a "hard" physical geography to a "soft" environmental geography, each with contrasting conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches. Lastly, a number of recent initiatives within the French community of geographers interestingly use environmentally connoted "objects" to try and reconnect the communities of human and physical geographers. The recognition of the hybrid nature of geography and the development of an inclusive "environmental geography" might be a way—among others—to rebuild French geography as a whole and to overcome collectively the nature/culture dichotomy.

De la geographie physique a la geographie environnementale : passerelles et abimes
Cet article presente une analyse clinique des relations entre geographie physique et geographie environnementale telles que vecues et percues par la communaute francaise des geographes physiciens. Apres un bref rappel historique, un premier point de vue est expose qui considere la geographie environnementale comme un prolongement naturel de la geographie physique, dans le cadre d'un fructueux continuum allant de la recherche fondamentale a la recherche appliquee (avec des resultats particulierement significatifs dans des domaines comme la climatologie locale et la geomorphologie dynamique). Un autre point de vue considere la geographie physique et la geographie environnementale comme des sœurs ennemies, sur la base d'une vision quelque peu manicheenne opposant une geographie physique « dure » a une geographie environnementale « molle », chacune de ces geographies utilisant des cadres conceptuels et des approches methodologiques qui lui sont propres. Enfin, un certain nombre d'initiatives recentes au sein de la communaute francaise des geographes utilisent des « objets » a connotation environnementale pour tenter de reconnecter les communautes des geographes humains et des geographes physiciens. La reconnaissance de la nature hybride de la geographie et le developpement d'une « geographie environnementale » integratrice pourrait etre un moyen—parmi d'autres—de refonder la geographie francaise dans son entier et de depasser collectivement la dichotomie nature/culture qui montre aujourd'hui ses limites.


Nearest-neighbor analyses have been used with mapped data f or tests of spatial dispersion and association i n plant and animal ecology. This paper full describes a computer software package developed to use Monte
Carlo trials instead of chi-squared distributions for assigning probabilities to observed values of nearest neighbor statistics. The program can factor-out the unique geometry of resources in a sample plot,which can affect locations of animals, thus testing for direct patterns
among the animals independent of their resource patterns. The Kappa statistic for association is a1 o calculated a1though its application has met with limited success. A users manual and the Fortran program language
is included. (80pp.)


This work includes the application of a pack cementation of germanium-doped aluminum and silicon coatings on low alloy steel type-T21 yields a significant improvement in the oxidation resistance . Steel-T21 was coated with germanium-doped aluminzing-siliconizing. Diffusion coating was carried out at 1050 C for 6 h under an Ar atmosphere by simultaneous germanium-dopded aluminizingsiliconizing process. Cyclic oxidation tests were conducted on the coated steel-T21 alloy in the temperature range 300-900 C in air for 60 h at 3 h cycle. The results showed that the oxidation kinetics for coated system in air was found to be parabolic .Oxide phases that formed on coated system are SiO 2 and Al2O3.Statistical analysis show that there is a good agreement between experiments results and Finite element results . In addition there is a good agreement between experiments results and theory results. ---------------------------------


High-volume-fraction SiCp/Al composites have attracted considerable interest for their excellent thermo-physical properties. However, popularization of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites is still hampered by their poor machinability. In this study, the influences of the cutting speed and feed rate on the drilling performance of SiCp/Al composites with 56% SiC particles were investigated experimentally. The drilling characteristics were evaluated in terms of drilling forces, tool wear, and the surface quality of drilled-hole. It was found that the feed rate is one of the main cutting parameters that affect the drilling performance, while the cutting speed has no significant effect on the thrust force.


OFTEN the practicing physician is faced with the problem of one of his patients unexpectedly showing a positive urine test for sugar. This may occur in a routine office checkup, during hospitalization, or perhaps be reported from an examination performed elsewhere, such as for life insurance or employment. To solve the diagnostic aspect of the problem, I would use the approach shown in the accompanying Figure. Before discussing the steps involved, however, certain definitions and laboratory methods must be given: Mellituria.— A condition in which any type of sugar is excreted in the urine. Glycosuria.— A condition in which glucose is excreted in the urine. Copper Sulfate Tablets.— Tablets (Clinitest [Ames Co.]) containing copper sulfate, which acts as an oxidizing agent. Sugars having a keto- group will be reduced. The only sugar appearing abnormally in the urine that has no keto- group and thus cannot reduce copper or other oxidizing


To study the compositional and physiological difference of 'Mogi' loquat fruits, the fruits harvested at different maturity stages were analyzed for surface color, flesh firmness, sugar content, acid content, phenolic compounds content, carotenoids content, re-spiration rate, and ethylene production. The index of maturity was 1 (green, small)7 (yellowish orange, harvest maturity) and 8 (slightly over ripe).1. Changes of surface color of loquat fruit expressed by Hunter color value indicated that the green color faded out and yellow color appeared over maturity stages 14, the reddish color appeared over the stages 58.2. Flesh firmness decreased between stage 4 and 5, but there was no detectable softening of the flesh afterwards to full ripe.3. Fructose, glucose and sucrose were the dominant sugars; sorbitol was the minor sugars. Sucrose content decreased from the stage 5 to 8, fructose as the dominant sugar at maturity stage 8.4. Malic acid was the dominant organic acid; citric, fumaric and succinic acids were the minor ones. Malic acid content decreased through fruit maturation, while citric acid content remained nearly constant.5. Phenolic compounds content and ratio of orthodiphenol to total phenolics increased during fruit maturation.6. β-Carotene was the dominant carotenoid in stage 2; cryptoxanthin became predominant in maturity stage 7. Cryptoxanthin was seemed to exist mainly as 4 esters.7. Respiration rate of loquat fruit decreased during maturation. Ethylene production of the fruit increased simultaneously with the decrease of green color and the appearance of reddish color.8. Our results indicated that stage 7 is the optimum harvest maturity.


We have managed to create a high corner velocity spin coater based Arduino Uno. This device assisted with brushless motor and infrared sensor as detection of brushless motor rotation. In experiment conducted research corner velocity of brushless motor on input value 1000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm, 5000 rpm, 6000 rpm, 7000 rpm, 8000 rpm, 9000 rpm, 10000 rpm, 11000 rpm, 12000 rpm, 13000 rpm, 14000 rpm, 15000 rpm,16000 rpm, 17000 rpm, 18000 rpm, 19000 rpm, and 20000 rpm on spin coater. In this research data showed that the corner velocity that measured by spin coater has difference average is 82.67 rpm with tachometer.


Utilizing and reviewing the project of a Hamon guarded 10×100 MΩ network developed in past years at National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) to improve the traceability level of dc resistance at 1 GΩ, also a Hamon 10×10 GΩ guarded network has been built to extend the capabilities of the Hamon method up to 100 GΩ. This network is particularly designed for the use in the modified Wheatstone bridge for high resistors calibration. Construction, guarding, calibration and traceability details on the network are given.


Many important demographic processes are seasonal, including survival. For many species, mortality risk is significantly higher at certain times of the year than at others, whether because resources are scarce, susceptibility to predators or disease is high, or both. Despite the importance of survival modelling in wildlife sciences, no tools are available to estimate the peak, duration and relative importance of these 'seasons of mortality'. We present cyclomort, an r package that estimates the timing, duration and intensity of any number of mortality seasons with reliable confidence intervals. The package includes a model selection approach to determine the number of mortality seasons and to test whether seasons of mortality vary across discrete grouping factors. We illustrate the periodic hazard function model and workflow of cyclomort with simulated data. We then estimate mortality seasons of two caribou Rangifer tarandus populations that have strikingly different mortality patterns, including different numbers and timing of mortality peaks, and a marked change in one population over time. The cyclomort package was developed to estimate mortality seasons for wildlife, but the package can model any time‐to‐event processes with a periodic component.


Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control.


Continuing research is described on collector testing, the National Security and Resources Study Center active system study, monitored buildings data analysis, and performance predictions for passive solar heated buildings. New work concerned salinity gradient solar pond theoretical calculations, the thermosyphon collector experiment, and solar materials analysis and testing. Accounts are also given of technical support to the Office of Solar Applications for Buildings, US Department of Energy, and of technology transfer to the scientific community, building industry, government departments, and the general public. (MHR)


High-energy-density materials (HEDMs) containing the cyclo-pentazole anion (cyclo-N5) are highly desirable due to the release of more energy and being environmentally more friendly than conventiona...


Abstract. In this contribution, similarities and differences
between electrical and thermal effects on cables are investigated. In the
electrical transmission line theory, a wide variety of methods is known to
describe the voltage and current along cables. The potential for the
adaption of some of those methods to thermal problems is discussed.
Exemplarily, for an unshielded single cable, an analytical solution based on
the Laplace transform and an approach based on cascaded equivalent circuits
are compared with a numerical reference solution and measurement results.


ABSTRAK:The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the influence of customer orientation, competitor orientation, organizational learning orientation to customer value, and to test and analyze the influence of customer orientation, competitor orientation, organizational learning orientation to competitive advantage, customer value to competitive advantage. Customer orientation, competitor orientation, organization's learning orientation to competitive advantage mediated by customer value. In order to implement this goal, data collection techniques are collected through documentation and questionnaires, taking samples of customers shopping at Mini Market Alfamart and Indomaret in Makassar city, using data analysis technique that is descriptive statistical analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Amos program 20 and model evaluation. The results of the study found that customer orientation has a positive and significant impact on customer value. The competitor's orientation has a positive and significant impact on customer value. The orientation of organizational learning has no positive and significant impact on customer value. The result of hypothesis testing of customer orientation has positive and significant influence to competitive advantage. Customer orientation has a significant effect on competitive advantage. The orientation of organizational learning has a significant effect on competitive advantage. The results of testing the effect of customer value mediation on customer orientation and competitive advantage where customer value can mediate the effect of customer orientation on competitive advantage. The results of the analysis of the influence of customer value on competitive advantage have a positive and significant impact on competitive advantage, Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained empirical findings that customer value can not mediate the influence of competitor's orientation to competitive advantage. The result of analysis about hypothesis testing that has been done found that customer value can not mediate influence of organizational learning to competitive advantage.


The evaluation of technological quality of new sugarcane varieties is essential to obtain best sugar yield and choose the best variety for each region. The objective was evaluating technological quality of sugarcane varieties during four harvest times at Tiete, which is a sugarcane region but there is few works about this subject. The experiment was carried out in Kandiustalf soil, using complete randomized blocks with four repetitions and nine sugarcane varieties (IAC 86 2480; IAC 91 1099; IAC87 3396; IACSP 94-4004; IACSP 93-6006; IACSP 93-3046; IACSP 94-2094; IACSP 94-2101; RB 86 7515). Four sugarcane harvest were done (January, March, May and July/ 2008) and the parameters related to the technological quality (brix, pol sugars, total reducing sugar, cane fiber and the maturation index) were obtained. The technological quality was influenced by sugarcane varieties in all harvest times. The pol values were increased in function of harvest time. The IAC SP 91-1099 showed best brix value at July and there is no difference between varieties in other harvest time. The maturation index was similar among sugarcane varieties and IAC SP 942094 e 94-2101 began this process earlier. The IACSP 93-6006 and IAC 86 2480 showed low fiber content, which could be problem to this region.


The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of service situation on the mechanical properties of plain nails manufactured from low carbon steel. The influence of the degree of cold drawing on the mechanical properties and strain hardening of the material is investigated by tensile test experimentation. The stress-strain relationships of the cold-drawn low carbon steel were investigated over the 20, 25, 40 and 55% degree of drawn deformation for the manufacture of 4, 3, 2½ and 2 inches nails, respectively. The true stress-strain curves were analyzed to obtain the yield strength and tensile strength of the cold drawn steel. It is shown that the yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and toughness of the low carbon steel reduce with increasing degree of cold-drawn deformation. The micrographs of the deformed samples obtained using optical microscope shows that the grain structure elongates in the direction of the drawing operation and misorientation of the grains set in at 40 and 55% degree of deformation. The difference in yield strength was attributed to the strain hardening, resulting from the different degrees of drawn deformation.


With over 2 years in clinical trials and 1500 uses of RU-486, family planning leaders have claimed that RU-486 is not going to be as popular as it has promised. In France, 25% of the women who are eligible to use it do. The problem is that the public perception of the abortion bill is that you take and call the doctor in the morning. However, in actual use, it is more expensive and requires more time in the clinic than a vacuum abortion. There are also restrictions on its use. Women over 35 or who smoke heavily are not recommended to use it. It is also illegal to use after the 63rd day of pregnancy because of diminished effectiveness and increased risk of complication. Its complication rate is 1-2% which is equal to vacuum abortions. When polled women have said that they like RU-486 because it is not invasive, does not require anesthesia, and feels more natural. The pill requires 4 visits and about 9 hours of time in the clinic compared to 2 visits and 6 hours for a vacuum abortion. The 1st visits is to determine if a women qualifies to use it. Then she returns a 2nd time to have the drug administered, after which she must remain at the clinic for 2 hours to be monitored for side effects like nausea. 48 hours later she must return to have a dosage of prostaglandins which cause the uterus to contract. The women will then miscarry in 4 to 6 hours. The 4th visit is compulsory because up to 30% of women will not miscarry, although they are confident that this figure will decrease as physicians acquire more experience using it. The cost will be between 40-70L higher than vacuum abortions. It is predicted that when the extra time and money are factored into the decision, most women will choose vacuum abortion over RU-486.


Beyond the changes exerted by magnetic fields on the flows and properties of suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles, the change of their viscous behavior attracts ongoing research interest since nearly four decades. Within this contribution we'll review the general rheological features of ferrofluids and will present theoretical explanations on microstructural basis providing an insight in the mechanisms leading to a magnetic field dependence of ferrofluid's rheology. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Libraries and librarians are uniquely positioned to play a vital role in supporting indigenous communities. Recognizing this fact, increasingly librarians around the world are undertaking interactive activities with indigenous communities that bring indigenous communities on board as equal partners in knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and its utilisation and thus enrich their lives. Libraries are providing indigenous materials and training to the community to help the community in documenting their indigenous knowledge (IK) and support in ensuring that the intellectual property rights of indigenous communities are not exploited. Public libraries are expected to collect, store, and provide access to different types of information including IK for all people in the society. Botswana public libraries have initiated a number of projects to support indigenous communities and capture and document their knowledge. This paper was motivated to discuss and share how selected public libraries in Botswana are involved in capturing and documenting indigenous knowledge from indigenous communities for its posterity and enhanced accessibility. To accomplish this purpose, this study pursued three objectives: to identify how libraries capture, store and preserve indigenous knowledge; to find-out how libraries make IK knowledge accessible to users, and to investigate whether librarians encounter any challenges in preservation and dissemination of indigenous knowledge or not. The study revealed two major ways of providing access to indigenous knowledge: face to face forums and using CDs. The major challenges are: lack of adequate infrastructure and funds and unwillingness to disclose culture information. The paper recommends for librarians' proactive attitudes, strong collaborative partnership with indigenous communities, support from Government, and, recognition of indigenous people to over some of the challenges and develop and preserve indigenous knowledge and indigenous community for social and economic development.


The usage of the network for cellular and Ad-HoC has becoming density due to limitations of capacity, coverage, and Quality of Service (QoS). We introduce the heterogeneous Ad-HoC wireless network for the increase of the coverage and QoS to satisfy the end-users. The proposed research work proposes Heterogeneous Real-Time Transport Protocol (HRTP) and RealTime Transport Control Protocol (H-RTCP) which utilizes different data formats and standards. For successful packet delivery ration between sources and destinations, the combined HTRP and HRTCP are most close to IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh network. The combined routing protocol and routing algorithm are provided better Packet Delivery Ration (PDR), minimum Jitters, good endto-end delay, and high throughput. The combined proposed heterogeneous network solves the problems of the number of packets sending over longer distances with different paths and increases the network capacity and converges. The designed heterogeneous network is validated by using the NS2 simulation environment and the obtained results are outperforming when compared with LTE and Wi-Fi technologies. The simulated results are shows that, there is an improvement of 23%, 45%, 12% and 78% in throughput, end-toend delay, efficiency, and Jitterrespectively.


ABSTRACT
This study aims to compare Macintosh laryngoscope and Truview EVO2 video- laryngoscope with respect to the quality of glottic image, the success rate of intubation and their impact on the duration of intubation, hemodynamic responses and also related complications in patients with expected difficult intubation according to the Mallampati scoring system. Sixty patients in ASA I-II group ranging from 18-65 years of age were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases as group M (the group intubated with Macintosh laryngoscope) and Group V (the group intubated with Truview EVO2 video-laryngoscope). C-L (Cormack-Lehanne) score detected during intubation, duration of intubation, neck extansion needs, the success of intubation, complications, and antihypertensive requirement were recorded. Preoperatively, before induction, after induction, immediately after intubation, after intubation, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5 minute heart rate, systolic artesial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. There was a significant difference between both groups as for the quality of glottic images obtained. C-L III score was rated for 1 patient in Group M, and 10 patients in Group V (p 0.05) . Number of attempts of intubation, hemodynamic parameters and need for antihypertensive showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Truview EVO2 video-laryngoscope may be preferred to Macintosh blade laryngoscope because of better glottic and orafaringeal image acquisition in patients expected with difficult intubation and providing successful intubation in patients with contraindicated neck extension.
J. Exp. Clin. Med., 2011; 28:4-7


This chapter reports on a rapidly growing trend in data analysis – analytic comparisons between baseline models and explanatory models. Baseline models estimate values for the dependent variable in the absence of hypothesized causal effects. Thus, the baseline models discussed in this chapter differ from the baseline models commonly used in sequential regression analyses. Baseline modelling entails iteration: (1) Researchers develop baseline models to capture key patterns in the empirical data that are independent of the hypothesized effects. (2) They compare these patterns with the patterns implied by their explanatory models. (3) They use the derived insights to improve their explanatory models. (4) They iterate by comparing their improved explanatory models with modified baseline models.


Anecdotal information regarding clinical research sites limiting participation in NCI-funded cooperative group studies prompted ASCO to collect data on and investigate the reasons behind this trend.


The article gives the classification of plant materials, focuses on starch-containing raw materials, in particular, sweet potato roots, chemical composition, existing drying methods. The results of studies of heat-water treatment and the process of convective dehydration of root crops are presented. Energy-efficient two-stage drying modes have been developed, in which the coolant temperature in the first stage of the process is 80 ... 100 °С, in the second – 55 ... 70 °С, the material temperature during dewatering 50 ... 60 °С. reduction of drying time, reduction of heat losses to 15 %, production of dried products with high organoleptic characteristics


Insulin resistance is an early event in the development of type 2 diabetes, in which insulin production is normal but there are deficient responses to insulin. Because of the importance of insulin in the control of myocardial glucose uptake and utilization, the heart relies more on fatty acid oxidation for its energy requirements. Our understanding of derangements in the insulin signaling pathway in myocardial cells is far from being complete. Future studies should help dissect the complex pathophysiology of the action of insulin on the heart and contribute to the establishment of pharmacological interventions to improve cardiac metabolism and reduce the cardiac dysfunction that is induced by insulin resistance. & Heart Metab. 2004;25:4–9.