Abstract— The binding of sulphafurazole, sulphamethizole and sulphamethoxazole to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human plasma has been studied in‐vitro by potentiometry using an electrode selective for the ion probe 1‐anilino‐8‐napthalenesulphonate (ANS). The method requires two separate potentiometric titrations of the binder solution with ANS in the absence and in the presence of sulphonamides. ANS displaced sulphonamides from the first‐class of binding sites of both binders. The binding constants for sulphonamide‐BSA interactions were higher than those for sulphonamide‐human plasma. The expansion of the least linear limit of the response curve of the electrode down to 10−7 m in the presence of BSA was also demonstrated. The reverse reaction, i.e. the displacement of the probe from the binding sites induced by the sulphonamides, was also explored. The proposed method is suitable for studying competitive binding interactions in biological specimens.


Numerical modeling and inversion for electromagnetic exploration methods are essential to understand behaviour of electromagnetic fields in complex subsurface. In this study, a finite element method was adopted as a numerical scheme for the 2.5-dimensional forward problem. And a finite element equation considering linear conductivity variation was proposed, when 2.5-dimensional differential equation to couple eletric and magnetic field was implemented. Model parameters were investigated for near-field with large source effects and far-field with responses dominantly by homogeneous half-space. Numerical responses by this study were compared with analytic solutions in homogeneous half-space. Blocky inversion model was modified to be applied to the forward calculation in this study and it was also adopted in the inversion algorithm. Resolution for isolated bodies were investigated to confirm possibility and limitation of inversion for electromagnetic exploration data.


[1] We constructed a high-resolution time frame for the cyclic continental palustrine-alluvial section of Librilla (SE Spain) which covers the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the marine realm. The section was dated earlier by Garces et al. [1998], using magnetostratigraphy. We resampled part of the section that contained a reversed overprint in detail to refine the magnetostratigraphy and to investigate the behavior of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) signal. The detailed sampling yielded a better constrained position of the upper reversal of Chron C3An.1n. By counting the number of cycles in C3An.1n and taking into account the duration of this Chron, we were able to show that the basic sedimentary cycles in Librilla reflect climatic precession. Subsequently, the sedimentary pattern was tuned to the summer insolation curve, providing a high-resolution time. Two intervals of complex NRM behavior were identified, showing normal and reversed overprints. The reversed overprints seemed to be restricted mainly to gray palustrine layers. The analysis of coercivity components revealed no difference between samples with overprints or real NRM directions. We performed fuzzy c-means cluster analysis on a geochemical data set to link magnetic behavior to geochemical proxies, resulting in a three-cluster model that roughly describes lithology. Remarkably, all the samples with a normal overprint belong to one particular cluster. The reversed overprints, however, do not show any relation to the cluster partition. We favor the explanation of Garces et al. [1998] that the reversed overprint would be related to the Messinian salinity crisis.


This study aims to evaluate the effects of sintering parameters in crystalline phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of composites obtained through the Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic system. Cylindrical specimens, containing molar ratio of 3 Al2O3: 1 TiO2, were uniaxially pressed at 100 MPa. The applied sintering parameters were varied in five distinct temperature ranges (1300°C, 1400°C, 1500°C, 1575°C or 1600°C) for 2h and 1600°C for 10h. After sintering, samples were characterized by relative density, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness). After sintering the results point to a microstructure with grains near to 2.5mm, independent of the present phases and crystalline phases composed of: Al2O3 rhombohedral, TiO2 tetragonal e Al2TiO5 orthorhombic. The specimens sintered at 1600°C-10h feature densification 30% higher them the ones sintered at 1300°C-2h, reaching a density higher than 85% of theoretical density. The composite presents hardness higher than 1000HV and fracture toughness upper than 2.2MPam1/2. The better results for the mechanical properties were found in the composites sintered at 1600°C-10h, that showed a bigger relative density than all analyzed specimens, and only phases of Al2O3 and Al2TiO5 could be found, what means that all TiO2 was consumed in the sintering of the new composite.


In computer graphics, two important methods of hidden surface removal are frustum culling, which removes objects outside the camera's field of view, and occlusion culling, which removes objects that lie behind other objects. This essay presents research into the effectiveness of frustum and occlusion culling algorithms in increasing the framerate of a simple terrain rendering engine. In the program constructed for this research, terrain is modeled by a height field and organized into a quadtree by recursive subdivision. Axis-aligned bounding boxes are computed for each node and compared against viewing and occlusion frustums to determine visibility. The terrain does not occlude itself directly, but hidden convex polyhedron " occluders " are placed under large terrain features, such as mountains, and occlusion frustums are formed from these. Data is collected with no culling, frustum culling only, occlusion culling only, and with both by averaging the framerate over half-second intervals as the camera traverses a predesignated path over the terrain that provides a variety of different vantage points and types of views. Then this data is statistically analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the two culling algorithms. Frustum culling resulted in a 44% average increase in framerate, while occlusion culling resulted in an average 5% increase. Thus, it was concluded that while both methods produce statistically significant framerate gains, frustum culling is more effective than occlusion culling for this type of graphics system.


The paper aims to analyse Jaroslav Rosendorfský's bilingual Italian-Czech / Czech-Italian dictionary. After briefly presenting the Czech-Italian lexicographic contacts, we analyse the macroand microstructure of this lexicographic work, highlighting the characteristics that, as of the 60 years leading to the beginning of the 21st century, made it the most popular bilingual Italian-Czech and Czech-Italian dictionary.


【Objective】 To study the clinical effect by using the Shengjing Pills and western medicine in the treatment of oligospermia or Asthenospermia.【Methods】 185 cases who were oligospermia or asthenospermia patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University Clinical trials involving 57 cases who received western medical and 128 cases treated with Shengjing Pills and western medicine.【Results】 Compared with the previous treatment,all kinds of parameters in the semen quality both had a significant difference in each group(P 0.01).The results of combined treatment group were significantly higher than the western medical group(P 0.005).【Conclusion】 The combination of Shengjing Pills and western medicine group was proved to be more effective as compared with the western medical group.


In May 1974, Cambodian troops captured the U.S. container ship SS Mayaguez and her crew off the Cambodian coast, igniting a clash between the new Khmer Rouge regime and a U.S. president dealing with aftermath of Watergate. The Mayaguez incident was initially reported as a successful rescue mission, with the administration of President Gerald R. Ford keeping silent about the forty-one U.S. military personnel who died. For five days, the Pentagon insisted that one American had been killed. This incident highlights key communication steps in the life cycle of a politically constructed falsehood meant to mislead and limit information reaching the public sphere.


The present invention is process of preparing Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve with ionic liquid as template agent. The ionic liquid is 1-palmityl-3-methylimidazole bromide, and the material includes sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sulfuric acid and water. The preparation process of Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve includes the steps of: preparing template agent, preparing the reaction mixture, hydrothermal crystallization, filtering, water washing, drying and roasting. The present invention has the advantages of simple process and low crystallization temperature.


Abstract. In real-time phase measuring profilometry based on color-encoded sinusoidal three-step phase-shifting algorithm, three frames of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) individual channel color-encoded sinusoidal gratings with an equivalent shifting phase of 2π/3 are combined to be a color fringe pattern. While this color fringe pattern is projected onto the measured object rapidly and sequentially by a special digital light projector, a high-speed monochrome camera synchronized with the projector signal is used to capture the corresponding deformed patterns in R, G, and B channels. Due to the monochrome camera's different sensitivity to R, G, and B light, there will be a grayscale imbalance among the captured phase-shifting deformed patterns from R, G, and B channels. So, a grayscale imbalance correcting method based on fringe normalization is proposed. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The three-dimensional (3-D) shape information can be obtained in real-time. It is suitable for real-time 3-D measurement.


This short paper describes our contribution in the research aimed at model based vessel segmentation on CTA. Although each partner was involved in a main subject among what follows, the contribution is a joint effort of all the partners, as a result of regular visits in France and Israel, as well as between partners in each country. The French Hospital Partner in Lyon provided a large set of CTA studies, including sets with two studies performed on each patient and about 20 studies suitable for work on other aspects of cardiac vessel segmentation.


The theory of transformation optics for light has fascinated the scientific community for almost one decade due to its revolutionary and groundbreaking implications. Because the propagation of electrons in condensed-matter systems is also described by a wave equation, one may also envision the extension of this idea to matter waves. Here, we suggest that graphene can be used as a platform to demonstrate a ``tunnel'' or ``wormhole'' for electrons. Based on an effective medium approach, we theoretically demonstrate that two properly designed graphene-based nanomaterials can effectively ``annihilate'' one another from an electronic point of view, and provide for the delocalization of the wave-function stationary states, similar to a wormhole.


The invention relates to a machine for performing stepless, speed-variable, torque-variable power transmission between two shafts. The machine is a combination of two unipolar direct-current motors in principle. Any one of two rotors is provided with at least one magnetic-conduction and electric-conduction body (3); a stator is provided with at least one direct-current excitation coil (9), at least two main magnetic circuits (22) which pass through the magnetic-conduction and electric-conduction bodies (3), and a closed main current loop (23) which is connected with all the magnetic-conduction and electric-conduction bodies (3); and direct-current main current and the electromagnetic torque of each rotor can be adjusted through adjusting the current of the excitation coils. Existing mechanical continuously variable transmissions and hydraulic torque converters have no functions such as two-way transmission, inversion, zero speed, zero torque and negative torque regulation functions, and the power of the mechanical continuously variable transmissions and hydraulic torque converters cannot meet needs of several hundreds of to several thousand of kilowatts, and as a result, problems of low efficiency and structural complexity can be brought about; and existing alternating-current speed-variable speed-adjusting transmission systems have the problems of large quantity of equipment, large space, high cost and low transmission efficiency. With the machine of the invention adopted, the above problems can be solved. The machine of the invention has a power transmission leading control function.


The information overload caused by the massive influx of raw data has caused traditional data analysis to become insufficient. This caused a new interdisciplinary field of data mining to arise, encompassing both classical statistical, and modern machine learning tools to support the data analysis and knowledge discovery from databases. While data mining methods are powerful in dealing with large quantities of data, they are often difficult to master by business users to facilitate decision support. In this paper we introduce our approach to integration of decision support system with data mining methods. We discuss the role of data mining to facilitate decision support, the role of data mining in decision support systems, discuss underlying ideas and applied approaches and introduce a data mining decision support system called DMDSS (Data Mining Decision Support System). We present some obtained results and their beneficial use as expected by the business users.


Every society has got a body of beliefs. norms and concepts with regard to the nature of disease and its treatment. These are clos ely integrated with the cultural matrix or social organization of the society. According to their own concepts of cause and prevention, the people practise some form of preventive medicine. The character and dynamism of any form of preventive and curative medicine depends on its place in the cultural realm of society. This basic factor shows why many rural communities have got more concern and emphasis about their folk etiology and folk therapy.


Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.


A new embedded-atom potential has been developed for Ni3Al by fitting to experimental and first-principles data. The potential describes lattice properties of Ni3Al, point defects, planar faults, as well as the c and c0 fields on the Ni–Al phase diagram. The potential is applied to calculate the energies of coherent Ni/Ni3Al interphase boundaries with three different crystallographic orientations. Depending on the orientation, the interface energy varies between 12 and 46 mJ/m. Coherent c=c0 interfaces existing at high temperatures are shown to be more diffuse and are likely to have a lower energy than Ni/Ni3Al interfaces. 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The relationship between IL-17 and male infertility was investigated. Seminal fluid from 57 males, including infertile and normal, were selected and subjected to routine analysis and determination of the levels of cytokines. IL-17 can be detected in seminal fluid, with concentrations from 0.45 to 16.67 pg/ml. Semen analysis showed that semen samples with low activity sperms have higher IL-17 level, while IL- 17 levels have no significant influence on sperm densities, morphologies and pH values. Sperm mortality rate of low IL-17 level samples is remarkably lower than that of high IL-17 level samples. Correlation analysis indicates that seminal fluid IL-17 and IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α were positively correlated, and seminal IL-17 level has no effects on bacteria colony counts and serum FSH, LH, T levels. Results indicate that IL-17 may play important roles in male reproduction.


This paper introduces the origins of the concepts: atmospheric environment and hygienic protection distances and the theoretical basis for them.It also introduces the determination methods for these two concepts in practical work.The methods are applied to actual environment assessment and the differences of the two concepts are analyzed.Meanwhile,the paper lists the difficulties to determine the atmospheric environment distance and puts forward relevant suggestions.


As a powerful supplement to the existing wireless communication technology, free-space optical communication helps to achieve ultra-high-speed wireless communication in many important applications such as redundant link, disaster recovery and secure link. However, beam distortion and intensity scintillation caused by atmospheric turbulence severely limits its communication performance through optical links, and there are still many problems in existing turbulent suppression schemes. Here, we propose an easy-implemented anti-turbulence free-space optical communication scheme based on the tunable zero-order Bessel beam, which is able to provide 2 dB to 3 dB power compensation in comparison with the ones employing traditional Gaussian beams. For the worse link environment with water fog, our scheme can still ensure the stability of the communication link when the Gaussian beam link is cut off. In addition, to generate tunable Bessel beams, we propose a method based on non-uniform Fourier transform to achieve accurate and fast light field simulation.


Advertising aimed at influencing the subconscious and messages hidden in advertisements are called subliminal messages. Subliminal advertisements carry the aim of making a product of advertisement, spreading a belief. We are aware of the reason why we prefer to buy a product that we bought in shopping. In this work, we have studied carefully how the world famous consumption material affects people's subconscious messages and how they are evaluated in Turkish Code and under which code.


The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for the Internal Spatial Composition for the Terminal Patients through analyzing 4 cases of berlin palliative facilities. Recently, the increase of cancer, AIDS and other chronic diseases cause drastic increase of mortality rate. The Necessity of hospice and palliative services are growing as many terminal patients interested in quality of life in normal social environment during their end of life period. However, despite the need there is not many architectural researches on the facilities for the terminal patients. This study focuses on the palliative facilities in Berlin Germay, which have developed as the social facilities.


As the method of mobility for microrobots flight is more advantageous than walking due to the scale effect. In this work the flight mechanism that gains thrust by rotating magnetic wings in an alternating magnetic field is proposed. Micro-sized models whose wings are around 1 mm long were fabricated using MEMS technology. The wings are made of electroplated nickel or cobalt-nickel alloy, and a thin glass rod is attached to the center as an axis of rotation. The glass rod is inserted into a small glass tube which works as an outer bearing. The 0.9 mm long microwings which weigh about 0.165 mg succeed in taking off at a rotating frequency of 570 Hz. It is estimated that 1.2 mm long micro-wings can lift up 0.6 mg at a rotating frequency of 600 Hz. A small helicopter which has the rotational wings, a glass tube, a soft magnetic body, and polyimide legs was fabricated. It succeeded in flying up to the 1 cm high guides with its attitude stable.


Urban development policies have major and immediate impacts on the development and construction processes and have been the subject of major initiatives in recent years particularly in the housing and urban regeneration areas, which are the subject of this paper. Government and policy makers carry out significant market interventions with major market implications on an ongoing basis. Despite the importance of the subject there has been a noticeable lack of evidence-based research in the area. This study in addressing the evolution of policy and its implications hopes to inform the debate on urban regeneration policies in Ireland. From 1986 to 2006 fiscal incentives for urban regeneration have formed a major component of urban development policies. The extent to which such initiatives influence the property market can be gauged from the numbers of completed and ongoing developments, which have benefited from the scheme. This paper focuses on the evolving role of fiscal incentives in urban regeneration, their impact on development and implications for the market of their termination.


Drepanolejeunea evansii Bischler (1964) was intended to be a nom. nov . for Drepanolejeunea infundibulata A.Evans (= sensu Evans 1903). However, the latter was actually a valid combination with another taxon, Lejeunea infundibulata Spruce (1884), which Bischler (1964) also recognized. The fact that Evans misunderstood Spruce's taxon does not make his combination invalid and he is definitely not describing a new taxon as Bischler suggested. Drepanolejeunea evansii is regularly recognized, but as Bischler (1964) only gave a description in French and did not give any valid Latin diagnosis, the name remains invalid. Drepanolejeunea fragilis Bischler (1964) was in a similar way intended as a nom. nov . for Drepanolejeunea araucariae A.Evans (=sensu A.Evans 1903). However, Evans made a valid new combination and never intended to describe a new taxon. Bischler only gave a description in French, and did not provide any Latin diagnosis.


With the advances in endovascular technology, the rate of lower extremity interventions skyrocketed in the late 1990s to mid 2000s.1,2 This prompted both the Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the American Heart Association to publish guidelines recommending vascular interventions for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients or patients with persistent lifestyle-limiting claudication only after a failed trial of medical management and exercise therapy.3,4 In the absence of robust clinical data, there was no consensus on whether to use endovascular or open revascularization. To date, the BASIL trial remains the only randomized controlled trial suggesting that a bypass-first strategy in CLTI patients who survive at least 2 years after revascularization is associated with a significant increase in subsequent overall survival and a trend toward amputationfree survival.5 The Global Vascular Guidelines (GVG) published in 20196 are the most comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with CLTI.6 These guidelines are evidence-based and are supported by systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and the research and consensus of multiple societies in vascular surgery, interventional radiology, vascular medicine, and interventional cardiology, all representing physicians who treat patients with CLTI. As such, in 2020, these guidelines are the gold standard document for the management of CLTI. In the August 2020 issue of the JEVT, Okamoto et al7 made an admirable attempt to discover the "Einstellung effect" in their practice by identifying CLTI patients who underwent endovascular interventions but now would be categorized as bypass candidates according to the GVG. In their study, a total of 867 CLTI patients met the study criteria and were stratified according to the GVG into the bypass-preferred, indeterminate, or endovascular-preferred cohorts. The authors reported 55% of patients in their practice underwent endovascular intervention but now would be more appropriate candidates for bypass per the GVG-recommended treatment strategy. They also noted that the proportion of patients with a high surgical risk estimated by the PREVENT III risk score were not different among the GVG-based bypass-preferred, indeterminate, and endovascular cohorts (p=0.59). This real-world study clearly shows that the pendulum may have swung too far in favor of endovascular therapy, and even low-risk patients are not undergoing open revascularization. Okamoto et al7 proposed a reduced ejection fraction and preoperative nonambulatory status as deciding factors in identifying high-risk patients preoperatively. This was not a surprise as numerous studies have shown similar findings.8–10 Taylor et al9 reported that CLTI patients with impaired preoperative ambulatory status and dementia not only experienced a 2 to 3 times higher risk of ambulatory deterioration after revascularization but also experienced a 1.5 to 3 times higher risk of mortality. Endovascular therapy is often considered a less invasive option for revascularization in nonambulatory CLTI patients for limb salvage as opposed to offering amputation. However, it is unlikely that revascularization would enable nonambulatory patients to become ambulatory after the procedure. Therefore, risks and benefits must be weighed before offering any interventions in nonambulatory CLTI patients who may meet the criteria for intervention, as revascularization may not be the best option for these patients due to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Despite 928589 JETXXX10.1177/1526602820928589Journal of Endovascular TherapyDayama and Panneton research-article2020


In this short essay I argue that the development of modern physics, in which the use of mathematical techniques plays a central role, comes with a price. Some important questions become meaningless and cannot be asked in the framework of the current scientific paradigm adopted in physics. Using mathematical methods we can understand and describe only idealized processes and systems. The emergence of modern science, along with the establishment of the modern philosophy of politics, was, arguably, the most important result of the great intellectual breakthrough of the 17th century. Not infrequent, even in the second half of that century, were the voices claiming that in order to understand the world and our place in it, it is sufficient to study ancient thought; in the middle of the 18th century it was clear that the era of this method of investigations had come to an end. The ancient writings, regarded previously as the primary source of knowledge, were replaced by natural philosophy, which became the kernel of the new physics and started to employ mathematical techniques in an increasingly successful way. As in the case of all great revolutions, the emergence of the modern scientific paradigm, in which mathematical techniques play such an important role, cannot be associated with a single incident; instead it was a slow, decades long process of questioning of dogmas, creation of pioneering methods, and identification of new challenges. But it also came with a price: the use of the quantitative methods and emergence of the modern scientific paradigm shed light on enormous unknown areas of inquiry, but at the same time started hiding others in the shadows. It seems that only in recent years have we become aware of the existence of these shadowy areas, and especially in the field of cosmology we have been forced to ask questions that we have found very hard to answer in the framework of the existing paradigm. In order to understand the power and limitations of mathematical methods, one should go back in time and take a look at the development of physics (or natural philosophy) in the 17th century, before it emerged in the shaped form in the great Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. From the 13th century and the scholastic synthesis of Thomas Aquinas to the beginnings of the 17th century, the Aristotelian tradition was widely accepted as a starting point for philosophical and theological inquiries. Rejecting the Aristotelian view and breaking free of the hindering straightjacket of the scholastics was a big challenge, and it took decades, if not centuries, to cope with it. According to Aristotle, there are three types of knowledge: metaphysics, physics, and mathematics, all three primarily characterized by their fields of interest. Metaphysics deals with entities that do not change and have an independent existence (that is, in fact, God). Physics, or natural philosophy, deals with entities that change and have an independent existence, that is – in modern words – natural


In this paper, we describe a methodology for comparing networks represented as weighted graphs. The key idea is to associate a probability density function derived from the graph Laplacian, and then compute the Wasserstein distance between the derived densities of the respective graphs. This has wide applications to various networks including biological and financial.


It is estimated that in the United States alone, enough energy is wasted in industrial applications
to power between 43 and 110 million homes. Much of this energy is wasted through hot exhaust
streams often in power generation and in the manufacture of steel. The recovery of portions of
this energy is clearly necessary from either an economical or environmental standpoint,
however the temperatures at which these exhaust streams run are often too low for conventional
energy recovery methods. The incorporation of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as a
working fluid in power cycles aims to provide a platform on which this energy can be recovered.
Literature identifies many techniques to improve S-CO2 cycle efficiencies, however few outline
how to modify this for waste heat recovery applications, where energy output is the key
performance indicator. Through the modification of several existing numerical tools, the
simulation of several cycle configurations was possible. This allowed for the verification of
several thermodynamic principles involved with optimising a S-CO2cycle for the application
of waste heat recovery. Specifically, a context where a waste-heat source at 900 K flowing at
10 kg/s was simulated as this falls within typical waste heat ranges. This allowed for the
comparison of several techniques for achieving higher performing cycles including optimising
fluid states at key points in the cycle to minimize compression-work and maximize turbinework
and the use of recuperation to reduce waste energy. In addition, the process of splitting
the flow between different components to optimise recuperation and avoid its key limitation of
its presence known as the pinch-point was investigated.
This investigation shows the standard Brayton cycle to be capable of recovering 867 kW
representing 13.69% of the aforementioned waste-heat source. This cycle was found to waste
5888 kW of power making it insufficient in terms of energy yield, but having a simplicity
suitable for waste heat recovery. The recuperation cycle was found to yield 1248 kW
representing 19.7% of the waste-heat source. This cycle only wasted 2713 kW of power
showing the improvement over the standard Brayton cycle. Furthermore, the split recuperation
cycle was found to generate 1360 kW of net-work recovering 21.5% of the source and only
wasting 2419 kW. Also found was that as the complexity of cycles grow, often the required
parts increase in size and quantity yielding an additional need for an economic analysis, and
additionally a potential further study involving the recompression cycle and its suitability for
waste heat recovery as well as a review of the numerical methods used.


. Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 is a large aeshnid species found in South, South East and East Asia. On 19 June 2021, its mature male was caught by E. Emelyanov in Nadezhdino District of Primorskiy Kray, Russia, at an artificial fire pond near the Sadko Garden Non-Commercial Fellowship (43.4171 N, 131.9327 E). This is the first record of this species in the Russian Federation, increasing the number of Odonata species currently known from Russia to 157.


In this paper, we present an analytic solution for high gain two beam coupling in photorefractive crystals where one of the input beams may be time dependent. This is an extension of Heaton and Solymar's solution [1] for the two beam coupling transient which results when the signal beam is abruptly turned on at time t=0 and remains constant after that. Like the solution of Ref 1, we still use the undepleted pumps approximation; the extension involves allowing the signal beam to have arbitrary time variation.


In this paper, a new target tracking filter combined with data association called most probable and data association (MPDA) is proposed and its performance is evaluated by a series Monte Carlo simulation tests. The proposed MPDA method utilizes both distance to the predicted target measurement and amplitude information as the probabilistic data association with amplitude information (PDA-AI) method however, it is one-to-one association of track and measurement. All the measurements inside the validation gate at the current sampling time are lined up in the order of the closeness to the predicted target measurement. Probability that the measurement is target-originated is evaluated for each measurement by utilizing order statistics. The measurement with the largest probability is selected to be target-originated and the measurement is used to update the state estimate with the probability used as a weighting factor of the filter gain. To accommodate the probabilistic nature of the MPDA algorithm, a filter structure is developed. The proposed MPDA algorithm can be easily extended for multi-target tracking.


Background switching from reference infliximab (RI) to biosimilar infliximab (BI) had no detrimental effects on efficacy and safety compared to continuous RI. However, long-term follow-up data is missing. Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate if BI is equivalent to RI to maintain patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) in clinical remission, in a long-term fashion. Methods: one hundred and nine consecutive unselected AS patients were investigated. All, followed-up at predefined times receiving RI (5mg/kg/8 weeks) and were naïve to other biologics. Patients who were in clinical remission were asked to switch from RI to BI using the same therapeutic dose. Patients switched to BI were compared with a match control group receiving continuous RI. During follow-up the demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters and comorbidities were all recorded for at least 18 months. Disease activity was measured using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis activity index (BASDAI), and the Ankylosing Spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), using the C-reactive protein. Remission was defined if patients achieved BASDAI <4 and ASDAS <1.3. Results: twenty-one patients were excluded, nine because had no clinical remission and twelve because refused to switch. Thus, 88 were evaluated. From those, 45 switched to BI, while 43 continued receiving RI. There were no differences between groups regarding demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. All patients were in clinical remission (BASDAI <4 and ASDAS <1.3). During follow-up, five patients from the switched group and three from the maintenance group discontinued the study. Four patients receiving BI presented nocebo effects and were switched back to the RI. Three responded well, while the fourth did not. After 18 months of treatment, all patients in both groups remained in clinical remission. No significant adverse events were noted between groups. Conclusion BI is equivalent to RI in maintaining AS in clinical remission for at least 18 months. Acknowledgement We have no acknowledegement for this abstract Disclosure of Interests None declared


Each season, apple fruit growth and development is affected by the climate that year, the crop load on the tree, and the nutrient content of the fruit. In areas with variable summer climates such as New York State, this results in variable fruit quality from year to year. Various fruit quality characteristics measured at or just before har vest may be useful for predicting the quality of apple fruits post-storage. With favorable weather and the use of precision orchard management, we can produce a high quality apple. However, fruit must be picked at the optimum maturity for that quality to be realized and for growers to capture high returns for their fruit. For 50 years, we have used fruit maturity measurements to guide decisions on when to pick (color, background color, firmness, soluble solids, starch degradation pattern and internal ethylene). The regional fruit maturity programs run by extension educators have helped guide growers on when to pick. Fruit samples are collected from various orchards and analyzed for firmness, soluble solids, starch pattern and ethylene once per week. Buyers, consultants and fieldmen work with growers to decide when to pick each block and each variety. These harvest maturity evaluations have been invaluable in helping fruit growers know when to pick each variety.


By looking at Arab-Islamic accounts, alongside Greek and French texts, it is possible, Roxanne L. Euben argues, to show how travelers from various civilizations and different religious traditions have "long compared and understood themselves in terms of a shifting panoply of others". For different reasons and in different manners, pilgrims overcame dangers to visit and to pray at sites they believed marked the historical beginnings of their faith. All visitors brought with them their beliefs, traditions, and Scriptures which defined for them the holiness of the land, but to each there was a different 'holy' land from that of his counterparts. To reach a definition of the 'holy' in 'Holy Land,' the essays in this chapter examine pilgrimage/travelogues in a comparative light - both religious and 'national,' including Jewish, Christian and Muslim, as well as Syrian, Russian, Turkish, English, French, Swedish, and Dutch. Keywords:Christian; Holy Land; Muslim; pilgrims; religious traditions; travelers


The ability to a priori predict the QoS of a service orchestration is of pivotal importance both for the design of service compositions and for the definition of their SLAs. In this paper we present an algorithm to probabilistically predict the QoS of WS-BPEL service orchestrations. Our algorithm employs Monte Carlo simulations and it improves previous approaches by coping with complex dependency structures, unbound loops, fault handling, and unresponded service invocations. A proof-of-concept implementation of the algorithm in F# is described.


To resolve the problem of piles lateral vibration in layered soil, a pilesoil model considering both the bending and shearing of pile was proposed. The frequencydependent stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients were utilized to simulate the soil reaction to the pile, and the pile was modelled as a Timoshenko beam, then a more rigorous analytical solution for the lateral vibration of a single pile was developed. On the basis of the developed solution, the effects of the modulus ratio of pile to soil, the ratio of pile length to diameter, the variation of soil properties and the excitation frequency on the dynamic response of pile were studied. Comparison was also made between the theory proposed here and that based on Euler beam model in layered soils. Results show that neglecting the shear deformation of the pile results in relatively more errors in analysis of the piles lateral vibration.


They're believed to accumulate and annihilate in the Sun's core. They're believed to accumulate and annihilate in the Sun's core.


We consider a general split variational inclusion problem (GSFVIP) and propose an algorithm for finding the solutions of GSFVIP in Hilbert space. We establish the strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to a solution of GSFVIP. Our results extend and improve the related results in the literature.


Subject. The article considers the development of a digital decision-making platform to manage business processes, based on the formation of an integral indicator of rating evaluations of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the stated problem.
Objectives. The aim is to design an algorithm for making managerial decisions on problems arising during the implementation of operational business processes at agricultural enterprises.
Methods. We employ methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and the statistical analysis.
Results. We formulated main problems faced by an agricultural enterprise during the implementation of business processes, developed an information base to analyze and interpret the given problem, carried out rating evaluations of initial information to construct a functional expression of the correspondence of specific weights of declared indicators and their significance in the process of making a specific decision. The paper determines the reliability of final expression of the function as a result of the rating of initial data.
Conclusions. The developed platform is aimed at streamlining the management decision-making process, reducing costs and operational efficiency of the management system. The findings will help improve the efficiency and responsiveness of decision-making.


Simple behaviours form the underpinnings of complex high-level behaviours. Traditional AI research focuses on high-level behaviours and ignores the underpinnings that are considered to be irrelevant for the problem at hand. As a rst step towards a hybrid approach to complex behaviour, this paper studies the simple behaviour of box-pushing that underlies complex planning in, for instance, the game of Sokoban. We investigate neural-network controllers for box-pushing behaviour in a simulated and a real robot. Using an evolutionary algorithm we assess the tness of individuals by means of the four combinations global vs. local measure and internal vs. external measure. We compared the eeciency of the four tness functions for evolving box-pushing behaviour. The results show the global external measure to outperform the other three measures when evolving controllers from scratch in simulation. In addition, the local tness measures are argued to be appropriate for ne-tuning the box-pushing behaviour.


Abstract : Contents: Shallow Draft Navigation; Water Supply; Deep Draft Navigation; Agricultural Flood Control; Social Impact; Interest Rate/Externalities; Economic and Social Analysis for Military Programs; Urban Flood Control Nonstructural; Regional/Construction Era Impacts.


Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity (EMP) refers to reversible dynamic processes where cells can transition from epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) or from mesenchymal to epithelial (MET) phenotypes. Both these processes are modulated by multiple transcription factors acting in concert. While EMT-inducing transcription factors (TFs) – TWIST1/2, ZEB1/2, SNAIL1/2/3, GSC, FOXC2 – are well-characterized, the MET-inducing TFs are relatively poorly understood (OVOL1/2, GRHL1/2). Here, using mechanism-based mathematical modeling, we show that the transcription factor KLF4 can delay the onset of EMT by suppressing multiple EMT-TFs. Our simulations suggest that KLF4 overexpression can promote phenotypic shift toward a more epithelial state, an observation suggested by negative correlation of KLF4 with EMT-TFs and with transcriptomic based EMT scoring metrics in cancer cell lines. We also show that the influence of KLF4 in modulating EMT dynamics can be strengthened by its ability to inhibit cell-state transitions at an epigenetic level. Thus, KLF4 can inhibit EMT through multiple parallel paths and can act as a putative MET-TF. KLF4 associates with patient survival metrics across multiple cancers in a context-specific manner, highlighting the complex association of EMP with patient survival.


Observing the states of a linear system has been an extensively studied topic over the past few decades. Different from full‐state observers and reduced‐order observers which are used to reconstruct the entire state space and the unmeasured states, respectively, functional observers are developed for applications in which only a linear combination of the states is required. For linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with known and/or unknown inputs and assuming availability of the derivatives of the input and the output signals, we study the existence of a novel stable functional observer. Considering the output to be the extended vector of the output and its derivatives, we derive the existence conditions for a functional observer by making the estimation error asymptotically approach zero. The derived existence conditions are applicable to multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems (e.g., with either known or unknown inputs, and with or without the derivatives of the signals being available). We also provide an estimate of the required observer order for the reconstruction of a desired functional and present how to design this functional observer by modifying certain current techniques. As an application, we apply the designed functional observer to model the stage of information comprehension in the user of a shared/human controlled system.


We will show that the Thick Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) technique can be used to investigate the breakup of excited selfconjugate nuclei into many alpha particles. Two test runs were performed at Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University to study the reaction 20 Ne+α at maximum beam energies of 10 and 12 AMeV. Due to the limited statistics, only events with alpha multiplicity up to three were analyzed. The analysis of the three α -particle emission data allowed the identification of the Hoyle state and other 12 C excited states decaying into three alpha particles. The results will be shown and compared with other data available in the literature.


A hepta-band coupled-fed loop antenna for LTE/WWAN unbroken metal-rimmed smartphone applications is proposed. The unbroken metal rim is designed as a part of the loop antenna radiation structure, which is also composed of a system ground, a coupled-fed U-shaped microstrip line, and an L-shaped microstrip line. The feeding and L-shaped microstrip lines are located on an ungrounded area of 72 × 8 mm2 along the top short edge of the system ground plane on an FR4 substrate. The operating band of the antenna is widened by the matching circuit elements on the feeding line. Combining multiple resonant modes generated by the coupling loop, the proposed antenna can operate on two wide operating bands of 824–960 and 1710–2690 MHz. The detailed working principles of the proposed antenna are described. Good antenna radiation characteristics are obtained. Both experimental and simulation results are presented and discussed.


It is the aim to confront recent considerations of A.M. Krall on the left‐definite spectral theory of regular Hamiltonian systems with the results of former research in this field. A short survey of the main sources starting with the work of E. Hölder in 1935 is given. After that the essential features of the left‐definite S‐hermitian theory, as it was developed by Schäfke and Schneider in 1965, are presented for the special case of the problems treated by Krall, and an application to Sturm ‐ Liouville equations is given. By comparing methods and assumptions of both theories, it is shown that the main result in Krall's papers, a theorem on eigenfunction expansions, can be obtained under much weaker conditions. Especially one gets rid of the problem that the restrictions in the work of Krall even exclude the classical polar case which builds the starting‐point of the left‐definite theory.


Factors which affect the reliability of power transmission systems, the scarcity of data on transmission and distribution outages, possible uses of such data, and programs for obtaining such informaion in the future are discussed. Examples of power outage data are presented. (LCL)


Five dye traces with table and figure. A collaborative Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, and the University of Minnesota.


n our new century, human displacement has become one of our most urgent concerns. "One out of every 200 people worldwide is displaced and without a home," according to The Carr Foundation in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In fact, there are more refugees today than ever before and their plight is ever more harrowing. Photographs and media coverage of uprooted peoples in detention camps around the world, waiting hopefully for resettlement, stare out at us daily from the pages of our newspapers and television screens. It is a global crisis that begs to be addressed on all fronts. Certainly the theatre should be an arena where such social and political issues can be heard. But can the-


This study presents an approach for computing an input-output matrix for the state of Pernambuco for 1999. This general equilibrium model allows for job, income and added value generation policies, necessary for state development, built on an input-output framework. Based on results from the input-output matrix, indicators of sector linkages in Pernambuco's economy, effects of demand shocks on jobs, income and added value, as well as impacts of production chains development policy via imports internalization are presented. Results presented are intended to be used in the rational making of public policies for regional planning by policy-makers.


The paper presents a stochastic lightning‐flash scheme designed for mesoscale cloud‐resolving models (MCRMs). The lightning‐flash scheme is implemented on‐line in an MCRM. It is fully parallellized and vectorized.


The experiment was conducted to see the phosphorus (P) mineralization pattern of bioslurry under aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. Two bioslurry (cowdung bioslurry and poultry manure bioslurry) and their original manure (cowdung and poultry manure) at 3, 5, 10 and 20 t ha -1 , respectively were thoroughly mixed with soil and incubated in aerobic and anaerobic moisture condition for 12 weeks. Among the four different types of manure, P release from poultry manure slurry was the highest. Poultry manure and cowdung slurry recorded very closer amount of available P. Both cowdung slurry and poultry manure slurry released higher amount of P compared to their original state (cowdung and poultry manure). P mineralization reaches in peak within 4-6 weeks of incubation. Under anaerobic condition the P mineralization was found higher compared to aerobic condition. The P mineralization data fitted strongly to the first order kinetic model. The bioslurries had lower rate of mineralization but had higher potentiality to release P in the soil compared to their original state.


WFZ (Wufengzhan 2) and IRBB5, with minor-polygene and a major gene xa5 resistant to bacterial blight respectively, were used as parental lines to pyramid minor-polygene and major genes by using marker assisted-selection, anther culture and backcross. The new piece of R primer, 5′CCAGACACCACTGCACATTC 3′, was designed according to the sequence of RG556 in GeneBank using Primer 3, the new R primer has a similarT m to the F primer. The PCR efficiency of amplification was greatly improved, about ten times higher than those of the old ones. The individual of B 1F 1 derived from WFZ 2/IRBB5 showing similar lesion length to WFZ and with gene xa5 were selected for anther culture, sixteen of 30 diploid lines with xa5 incorporated were obtained. These lines showed a higher level of resistance than both of their parents with only 0.1 cm lesion in length. The result showed that the minor-polygene and the major gene were successfully pyramided. It took only two years from the cross to the pyramid, about 1-2 years less than that of the traditional breeding method.


In the context of murder sentencing, courts are presented regularly with the challenge of making life and death determinations about whose life "counts" and to what extent the taking of the life of another person should result in the extinguishing of a defendant's life. Sentencing decisions are far from neutral, but rather reflect societal values and biases, as well as life-value judgments about individuals. These life-value judgments cannot help but reflect a society that has also done a similar calculus about the sick/the healthy and the productive/the burdensome. In my current project, I am interested in how stigmatized lives – those of HIV-positive murder defendants and victims – are evaluated in the context of the crimes committed, and how HIV itself can render a life more empathetic or alienating to a jurist.In searching across U.S. case databases for cases including "HIV" and "murder," I found thirty-six relevant cases on Westlaw and LexisNexis, all but two of them in death penalty jurisdictions. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, the average death penalty punishment rate for murder cases in the United States is two-percent, with some small fluctuations for states with stronger commitments to capital punishment. In my set of cases, however, over forty-four percent of the defendants were sentenced to death in states where it was an option. I began to look more closely at the cases themselves for how HIV as a factor may have been playing into the sentencing itself.In this Article, I examine the history of HIV stigma and how that stigma may align with broader theories of punishment and the punishment of status. The opinions serve well as case studies in my effort to propose some potential explanations of what is happening in sentencing. In the final section of the Article, I draw on the theoretical underpinnings of critical race and gender studies, disability studies, and law and society scholarship to propose a theory about the criminalization and punishment of disabilities, particularly undesirable and morally laden illnesses such as HIV.


There was researched the effect of the making-up the two-unit trains under the operative conditions onto the expenses on organization of the wagonflows into the trains on the railway direction. The criterion of the decision making concerning the making-up the two-unit trains was defined. The method of its usage was developed


Precipitation measurements taken at the Paris Observatory from the 1680s to the 1750s are presented; these values are blended with modern data until 2001. The most striking change in the precipitation patterns over the past 300 years is the change in seasonal distribution; in the late 17th and 18th centuries, summer precipitation accounted for 60% of the yearly total, changing to a uniform seasonal distribution in the 20th century. Winter precipitation has increased by 24 mm/century, while summer precipitation increased by 4 mm/century. The winter of 2000/2001 was the wettest of the past three centuries; the year 2000 recorded the largest amount of precipitation since observations began.


This paper examines the hybridity of colonial culture in 1920s Chosen by investigating the histories of Mokpo Movie Theater and Dongchoon Circus. With the opening of its port in 1897, the city of...


Severe injury to potato tubers occurs in western Washington, in areas where Epitrix Cucumeris is the predominant species. The western potato flea beetle Epitrix subcrinita is common in eastern as well as in western Washington.

Counts of more than 40,000 beetles indicate that the relative abundance of the two species varies greatly in different areas. Epitrix cucumeris appears to be extending its distribution in western Washington from Grays Harbor and Pacific counties as a center. This species has not been collected from eastern Washington.


The ongoing and accelerating pace of digitization and automation, and the resulting demand for knowledge and skills in the associated technologies, have prompted organizations to retrain and upskill their workforce in addition to hiring fresh talent with the requisite skills. Lack of specific career paths for effectively training and upskilling is, however, an obstacle for many organizations, their employees, graduates, and potential candidates to retrain or upgrade their skills . This study examines technical skills required by the leading business and industry employers in the US for the various data analytics fields. Specifically, 50 recent vacancy announcements in five data analytics fields were analyzed for the similarity or adjacency of their skill requirements in order to discover retraining opportunities for employees and graduates to move from one such field to another. Results of data analysis and discussion of the results highlight potential career paths for such transitions.


The growing demand for water uses, population growth and the occurrence of extreme weather events put water availability in focus. In different parts of the world, water is no longer as abundant as it has been for decades. Human supply remains the major concern and priority in water use policy; however, sectors such as industry, agriculture and energy demand significant amounts of water, in addition to maintaining environmental systems dependent on this natural resource. All these questions highlight the current conflict regarding water use and exploitation. Integrated and sustainable management are essential foundations for the qualitative and quantitative maintenance of water resources. The grant is a legal instrument for the guarantee of water for a specified time and volume, either for the purpose of capturing or discharging effluents, and for its approval, hydrological studies are necessary to estimate the flow to be granted, also called the maximum grantable flow. The present study defined the rating curves and daily flow series of the fluviometric stations inserted in the Guapi-Macacu river basin were generated , located in the eastern portion of Guanabara Bay. Based on the results, it is proposed to adopt a new maximum grantable flow rate, aiming at a scenario of water scarcity that guarantees the integrated and sustainable use of water in the basin.


It is known that a surfactant solution with appropriate counter ion induces the structure of fiber-like micelles in a shear flow field. When the structure is induced, the drag of the pipe flow is reduced. Based on the fact, we presumed that structure of agglomerated particles in a particle suspension also causes the same effect. Thus, we attempted to reduce the pressure drop of the suspension flow by adding a polymer flocculant. In this study, we investigated the change of the pressure drop of the pipe flow with the flocculant concentration. The change of the drag was evaluated by the drag reduction rate defined by the ratio of the difference of the friction factor between water flow and suspension flow to the friction factor of water flow. It was found that the suspension with polymer flocculant caused the drag reduction under the conditions of particle concentration 1 and 10vol%. In the same flocculant concentration, the water solution of the flocculant (=without particles) also caused the drag reduction. However, the drag reduction rate of the solution was less than that of the suspension with flocculant under certain conditions. The fact shows that the particle enhances the drag reduction. From the observation of the flocculate in a stationary fluid, it was found that independent agglomerations were formed when the drag reduction was enhanced. The fact shows that the drag reduction is attributed by agglomerated particles. It leads to an expectation that the drag reduction can be achieved in any other solid-liquid suspension if proper agglomeration is formed.


Abstract This article examines the works of four writers of Croatian, Slovene, Serbian and Bosniak literature in the period of National Revival, in their literary, historical and discursive contexts: Prešern's Krst pri Savici, Mažuranić's Smrt Smail-age Čengića, Njegoš's Gorski vijenac and Bašagić's Abdullah Paša. Three of the four authors were also statesmen, and all four are considered canonical national writers. There is a striking similarity between their otherwise different works, resulting from speeches by priests who either demand and justify conversion, or vehemently oppose it and call for vengeance. In all four works, the enemy is not a foreign conqueror, but an apostate who sides with the conqueror by accepting his faith. Although in all four works the values of the epic and heroic world are pronounced dead, epic action — a 'sword' — is still very much alive. Though the central act of conversion is accompanied by religious symbolism which gives rise to the impression of a clash of religions, in all four works conversion does not have a religious meaning, it is purely political.


This narrative review discusses the history of the pathophysiologic principles and utilization of point-of-care (POC) viscoelastic tests (VETs) in the definition and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This paper addresses the epidemiology of PPH, describes the hemostatic changes that occur in pregnancy and in PPH, and demonstrates the utilization of viscoelastic testing in the identification and treatment of patients with PPH. Additionally, a description of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG), the two most commonly used VETs, is detailed in this paper. VETs have only recently been used to guide blood component therapy (BCT) in trauma in the last decade. The recent increased utilization of VETs to guide BCT in PPH is following a similar trend with a delay of ten years. In a similar fashion to the trauma literature, which expanded greatly within this last decade, the literature concerning the use of VETs in PPH has also increased in the last few years. However, because of differing pathophysiologies associated with the coagulopathy of PPH verses traumatic-induced coagulopathy (TIC), utilization of VETs has been more refined and focused on the VETs' capacity to determine low fibrinogen and to guide the utilization of blood components and prohemostatic agents. The identification and treatment of PPH depends on clinical parameters, conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) including Clauss fibrinogen, and VETs. Successful treatment of PPH will no doubt include utilization of all three strategies with an increasing utilization of VETs in the future.


The equinox of Jupiter, defined as when the Sun passes through the plane of the equator of Jupiter and hence through the orbital plane of the Galilean satellites, will take place in 2009. The French committee for IYA2009 1 will take this opportunity to propose coordinated observations. The equinox of Jupiter is favourable for many events such as eclipses of the Galilean satellites by the planet Jupiter, occultations and transits and also mutual phenomena among the satellites themselves. These events are very easily observable, even with a small telescope, since the Galilean satellites are very bright. The events are spectacular since the satellites will disappear within a few seconds. We propose that these phenomena be observed worldwide by amateur astro nomers, students and schoolchildren. Observers should send their data to a central website which will analyse each observation and provide a database of all the observations. Many observations can be explained in terms of the physics and the dynamics of the Galilean satellites themselves. The history of astronomy is also relevant as the Galilean satellites were the first celestial objects observed extensively from Earth and were used as the first reliable clock for longitude calculations. At the end of the observational campaign, the results will be collated and the scientific benefits from these observations will be explained and published.


Graduate Student Award winners . Bottom row (left to right): Burtrand I. Lee (Symposium H), Leslie Ann Kolodziejski (Symposium B), Karen K. Gleason (Symposium E), Stephanie Koch (Symposium A). Top row (left to right): Kent Budd (Symposium H), Douglas A. D o u g h t y (Sympos ium C), Jeffrey C. McCal lum (Symposium D), Chris Gronet (Symposium F). T h e third a n n u a l M R S Spr ing Mee t ing was held April 14-18 in Palo Al to , CA, fea tur ing 9 technical symposia, Sympos ium X ( reviews for the nonspecial is t ) , and 13 s h o r t cour ses . O v e r 1,300 scientis ts a t tended the weeklong e v e n t — m a k i n g this mee t ing 30% larger than the 1985 Spr ing Mee t ing . C o m p l e m e n t i n g the technical sess ions t h r o u g h o u t t he w e e k w e r e special h ighl i g h t s , i n c l u d i n g t h e P l e n a r y A d d r e s s , "Mate r i a l s S tud ies in the Examinat ion of W o r k s of A r t , " by Dr . Pie ter Meye r s , Di rec to r of the C o n s e r v a t i o n C e n t e r , Los Ange les C o u n t y M u s e u m of Ar t . M e y e r s showed h o w mater ia l s analysis is being used to a u t h e n t i c a t e w o r k s of a r t and to s tudy media, t echn iques , and art ist ic styles of the m a s t e r s . (See an abridged version of Dr. Meyer's lecture in upcoming issue of the BULLETIN.) Eight s t uden t s received Gradua t e S tuden t A w a r d s , and the n e w S o u t h e r n California Section of the Mater ia l s Research Society received i t s c h a r t e r i n ceremonies preceding the Plenary Session. O t h e r even t s included a f te rnoon and even ing pos te r sess ions , in which scientis ts w e r e afforded the o p p o r t u n i t y to discuss the i r work in a relaxed a t m o s p h e r e . O n e pos te r session, conduc ted by Sympos ium H (Be t t e rCeramics T h r o u g h Chemis t ry ) took full a d v a n t a g e of the S o u t h e r n California w e a t h e r by h o l d i n g an e v e n i n g p o s t e r session poolside at the Hya t t Palo Alto. Sympos ium F (Mater ia l s Issues in Silicon In t eg ra t ed Ci rcu i t Process ing) held a T u e s day even ing Chili Cook-off, offering a t -


A governing equation for large‐strain consolidation of PVD‐improved soil is developed based on the equivalent elliptical cylindrical model, which accounts for depth‐dependent initial void ratio and initial effective stress induced by soil self‐weight, well resistance with variable discharge capacity, time‐dependent load, and nonlinear variations of compressibility and permeability. Then, a numerical solution is obtained by means of COMSOL Multiphysics and is validated through comparisons with existing solutions and measured data. The parametric studies show that the difference between large‐strain consolidation and small‐strain consolidation reduces with the decreases of the compression index and applied load. Although the soil self‐weight has little effect on the degree of consolidation in some cases, the soil settlement will be significantly overestimated if the self‐weight is ignored. The development of consolidation slowed as the ratio of compressibility over horizontal permeability increased.


With great interest, the authors read the review article from Grant et al.1 which reported on "fetal growth and spontaneous preterm birth in highaltitudes". The authors would like to address Grant et al.1 and IJGO's readers with some of our concerns. The authors cited a paper by Yang et al.2 which was published in 2020, but did not mention that the cited review article, which included nearly the same number of studies, has already described in detail the association between altitude, birth weight, and gestational age. Furthermore, Grant et al.1 did not mention or discuss the notable discrepancy between their estimate that birth weight decreases by 54.7 g per 1000 m increase in altitude, compared to Yang et al's.2 estimate of a decrease in birth weight of 96.9 g per 1000 m increase in altitude. Additionally, there were markedly different sample sizes in the birth weight analyses between the two studies (n=1 537 9211 vs. n=4 428 563,2 respectively). This difference is explained by the inclusion criteria in Grant et al's.1 article which required a highaltitude group, arbitrarily defined as above 2500 m, and a control group defined as below 2500 m. In Grant et al.,1 the grouping by below/above 2500 m is justified by the following statement: "by choosing 2500 m, a widely utilized cutoff point, it was ensured that the included studies measured the desired effects". However, the 2500 m cutoff point is an arbitrary number as previous studies have shown that decreases in birth weight may occur well below 2500 m and the effect may be linear.3,4 Grouping a continuous variable by arbitrary cutoffs leads to arbitrary effect estimates and P values; therefore, this approach is generally repudiated by statisticians.5


We propose and analyze a numerical method to solve an elliptic transmission problem in full space. The method consists of a variational formulation involving standard boundary integral operators on the coupling interface and an ultraweak finite element formulation on the interior. To be precise, it is a nonsymmetric coupling as developed in [3], but with an ultraweak finite element part as used in [2]. To guarantee the discrete inf-sup condition, we discretize the whole system with optimal test functions. In this way, we obtain quasi-optimality of the method in the so-called energy norm. In order to relate the energy norm to usual Sobolev norms, we use recent results regarding the nonsymmetric coupling of finite elements and boundary elements on polygonal interfaces, cf. [1,4].


The purposes of the study were to develop professional competencies essential to F&B (food & beverage) managers of the international tourist hotel which included (1) job description, duty and task of these managers, (2) required knowledge, practice, and attitude of them, and (3) the importance, frequency of application in job, and future demand of these professional competencies. The research was conducted by content analysis, interviews, and Occupational Competency Analysis Profiles (OCAPs) methods. Major results of this study are as follows: The job description of F&B managers of international tourist hotels was identified. Eight categories of duty of F&B managers including "budget execution and financial management, decisions on the content of foods and service, sales and marketing, human resource and training management, administrative management, field management, material management, and crisis prevention and management; and 89 tasks are included. 91 competencies of F&B managers of international tourist hotels were required: 22 items for knowledge, 27 items for attitude, and 42 items for practices.


AbstractThe geometrical analysis of deformations generally consists of three steps: identification of deformation models, estimation of deformation parameters, and diagnostic checking of the models. The last two steps have been widely discussed and well documented unlike the first one which needs further elaboration. This paper gives general considerations and techniques which have proved useful in practice though model identification methods are more or less project oriented. Trend analysis of time series is discussed for identification of a deformation model in time domain. The weighted similarity transformation and piecewise approximation are presented for identification of deformation models in space domain. All these techniques are illustrated with examples.


This paper introduces the method of the remote measurement and control system based on the virtual instrument technology.Furthermore,the design process of PID controller is emphatically described.Remote measurement and control for the level of Advanced Process Control Experiment System A3000 is realized by network.The experimental result indicates that the remote measurement and control system is easily realizing and effective.


Dual-stream flows are common feature of turbofan engines in civil aviation. For jet flows with a significant (i.e. proportional of total mass flow) bypass stream, transport of momentum through mixing between streams may cause an apparent departure of axi-symmetric turbulence conditions. One of the pertinent features of such departure is the difference in amplitude of transverse diagonal components of velocity and Reynolds stress based correlation function– that is correlation tensors of rank 2 and 4 respectively. Since these functions play a direct role in, among other things, the sound generation process, their accurate representation into an irreducible tensor form is vital in Engineering analysis. This paper builds on our previous work (AIAA 2020-2573, [1]) in which we assessed the kinematic structure of generalized auto-covariance tensor using turbulence data obtained by highly resolved Large-Eddy Simulations of complex dual stream jets. Now, however, we extend this work further by showing how a generalized form of the axisymmetric representation theory of the appropriate tensor correlation functions can be determined by exploiting the experimental observation that such correlation metrics are localized in small azimuthal separations for axisymmetric jets. The paper summarizes the new theory and shows initial comparisons of an appropriate tensor form using LES data reported in our previous work.


We report a detailed study of the magnitude of the photon-induced current in Ag-Al 2 O 3 -Al metal-oxide-metal junctions as a function of photon energy and angle of incident radiation. Experimental observations and a theory based on vacuum photoemission are found to be in good agreement. Fast risetimes ( \lsim50 ns) and linearity of the photocurrent with respect to incident power up to at least 10 kW/cm2are also reported.


The master equation for a two-level atom driven by a strong classical field and damped into a tailored reservoir with nonflat density of modes is derived under the Born–Markov approximation. To derive the master equation, the dressing transformation on the atomic operators is performed first, and, next, the dressed operators are coupled to the reservoir and the corresponding damping rates are calculated. The effects of a strong field and/or structured reservoir are seen as nonstandard terms in the master equation, some of which are reminiscent of terms known for squeezed vacuum reservoirs. The master equation leads to the generalized optical Bloch equations that can easily be solved for the steady state and, together with the quantum regression theorem, allow for analytical expressions for the fluorescence, as well as absorption spectra. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". l– ś


A method for printing on individual objects by means of a printing process in which the individual objects are fed clocked by means of a transport device along a transport path at least one ortfesten printing apparatus, characterized in that the individual objects (4) in such a way in / on a means of transport (11) of transporter (1) placed be that a number N of single objects (4) successively occupied positions of a number N - 1 followed by successively unoccupied positions, wherein N successive individual objects (4) transported into the at least one printing device (2), from the transport means (11) removed and all of which are printed at the same time, while the transport means (11) to N - is conveyed 1 positions, after which the N-printed individual objects (4) put back into / onto the transport means (11) and by a further carriage by N positions from the at least one printing device (2) are conveyed, where g N facilitated time new individual objects (4) are transported into the at least one printing device (2).


The correct identification of the source of a propagation process is crucial for research questions in a wide range of research fields: to determine the epicenter of infectious disease outbreaks, the onset of blackouts in power grids, the root of computer virus attacks in the Internet, the origin of misinformation in social networks, or the starting point of the invasion of non-endemic species in ecology. Here, we consider source determination of train delays in railway systems, which mimic many-faceted diffusion patterns. Delays can never be entirely avoided, but their impact has to be kept to a strict minimum. We enhance a fast and efficient approach for the source identification of propagation processes on networks, which is structurally quite general and only requires a minimum data basis. In extensive simulation studies, we investigate the performance in dependency of time and network node centrality. We examine the robustness of the approach by the application of different delay management strategies, which mimic various propagation mechanisms. Finally, we test for performance improvement due to the integration of additional knowledge in the network definition. Altogether, the source detection framework turns out to be robust for diverse spatio-temporally evolving processes, which promises the general applicability in many research fields.


I deas are strangely absent from modern models of political economy. In most prevailing theories of policy choice, the dominant role is instead played by "vested interests"—elites, lobbies, and rent-seeking groups which get their way at the expense of the general public. Economists, political scientists, and other social scientists appeal to the power of special interests to explain key puzzles in regulation, international trade, economic growth and development, and many other fi elds. Why does regulation favor incumbent fi rms at the expense of consumers or potential entrants? Because bureaucracies can be captured by well-organized "insiders" who can shape regulation in their favor (Stigler 1971; Peltzman 1976; Laffont and Tirole 1991). Why are trade restrictions so rampant despite the well-known gains from trade? Because import tariffs and quotas redistribute incomes to politically powerful business groups and lobbies (Krueger 1974; Grossman and Helpman 1994; Rodrik 1995). Why do political elites not favor growth-promoting policies and institutions? Because growth-suppressing policies, such as weak property rights, excessive regulation, or overvalued currencies provide these elites with access to rents that would disappear otherwise (Bates 1981; Acemoglu and Robinson 2006, 2012). Insights from political-economy models in each of these fi elds exert a strong infl uence on the way economists think of societal outcomes and the operation of the political system. Any model of political economy in which organized interests do not fi gure prominently is likely to remain vacuous and incomplete. But it does not follow from this that interests are the ultimate determinant of political outcomes. Here When Ideas Trump Interests: Preferences, Worldviews, and Policy Innovations


During the last years a number of CCS atlases were published to provide governments and other stakeholders with the information whether sufficient capacities are available and to enable source-sink matching. These atlases cover most major industrial regio


The invention provides a remote experiment system for computer hardware series courses, and belongs to the technical field of computer teaching experimental equipment. The remote experiment system is characterized by comprising experimental equipment, a server and a client computer, wherein the experimental equipment is connected with the server by a USB interface; and the client and the server are connected with Ethernet ports by network interfaces. The remote experiment system overcomes the defect that the result obtained by the simulation experiment made on the server is inconsistent with the operation result of the real hardware; and the remote experiment system is suitable for station experiments as well as remote, open and innovative experiments.


Quantitative evaluation of the diffufion process of sodium fluorescein and dansylated amino adds in the sMivary gland of the larvae of Drosophila hydei reveals that the differences in spedfic permeability between the junctional and nonjunctional membranes, as found for small ions, do not apply to the fluorescent probes. There are no fignificant differences between the permeability p rope~ks for the different dansylated amino adds tested, and the same p r o p e ~ s are found for sodium fluorescdn.


NEDOMOVA, S., SEVERA, L.: Constitutive equation of butter at static loading. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2008, LVI, No. 5, pp. 147–152 This study focuses on the constitutive modelling of fi nite deformation in the commercially obtained butter (composition is 83 % of milk fat) at the temperature 17–20 °C. The specimens from the butter (height L0=14.6 mm and diameter 20 mm) have been compressed between two parallel metal plates at a fi xed crosshead speed 20 mm/min using of the testing device TIRA TEST. The force F and the deformation ΔL are measured during compression and both quantities are recorded. The experimental records force F – displacement (deformation) were obtained. These records have been transformed into stress–strain dependences and into true stress–true strain. The basic data on the strain behaviour of a butter under low strain rates have been obtained. Experimental results show that the behaviour of butter can be described by a hyperelastic material model. In this model, the quasi–static response is defi ned by compressible hyperelasticity, whereby the strain energy potential is assumed to be representable by a newly proposed polynomial series with three independent parameters. The material parameters in the constitutive model are determined from compression test. A comparison of predictions based on the proposed constitutive equation with experiments shows that the model is able to describe the strain behaviour of the butter examined. butter, compression, strain, stress, constitutive equation The traditional end use of surplus milk fat is butter. Its rheological properties are described in many papers, see Enjalbert et al. (2000) for a review. Most of these papers is focused on some fl ow properties of the butter which are typical for temperatures above about 25 °C. At cooling temperatures (5 to 10 °C), butter behaves like a solid and has poor sprea da bili ty. The information about butter behaviour at temperatures lying between these two regions is very rare if not missing. The aim of this paper consists in the study of a proper constitutive model for butter at the tem pera tu res between 17 (SPECIMEN 1; 3) – 20 °C (SPECI MEN 2; 4). To begin with, its mechanical properties under compression, up to engineering strains of about 80 %, are characterized experimentally. Owing to some similarities with the experimental results obtained for elastomeric foams (Zhang et al., 1997) a hyperelastic constitutive relationship is formulated to describe the material properties. In this model, the quasi-static response is fi rst defi ned from the standpoint of compressible hyperelasticity. MATERIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE For the experiments the commercially obtained butter has been used. Its composition is 83 % of milk fat. From the butter a cylindrical sample of height L0=14.6 mm and diameter 20 mm have been prepared. These specimens from the same butter have been compressed between two parallel metal plates at a fi xed crosshead speed 20 mm/min using of the testing device TIRA TEST. The force F and the deformation ΔL are measured during compression and both quantities are recorded. The force–deformation data may easily be transformed into normalized quantities such as stress and strain. Among these measures, the Cauchy strain and Hencky's na tu ral or 'true' strain are of common use in re pre sen ting compression curves. The Cauchy strain measure gives the relative deformation with respect to the initial sample height


Specimens of Cambrotrypa and Bradoria are found in Middle Cambrian strata of southern Alberta and British Columbia. This is the first reported occurrence of specimens of these genera from Western Canada.


This chapter argues that international tribunals minimize the need to accurately determine the defendant's guilt by routinely 'balancing away' defence rights vis-à-vis other values that are deemed more important, such as 'combating impunity' or acknowledging the suffering of the victims. It identifies four different types of such balancing: foundational, procedural, institutional, and systemic. Foundational balancing concerns the (mis)use of the sources of international law. Procedural balancing primarily involves de-emphasizing the importance of defence rights by elevating the (assumed) rights of other actors in the system. Institutional balancing relates to the structural position of the defence at international tribunals. And systemic balancing focuses on how the collective nature of international crimes requires international tribunals to rely on substantive doctrines that make it more difficult to accurately assess the criminal responsibility of individual defendants. Those four types of balancing, this chapter suggests, relegate defendants to the margins of the trial process, significantly increasing the likelihood of unjust verdicts.


This commentary links Katz-Navon et al.'s findings on behavioral inconsistency to two extant literatures on (a) climate strength in organizational units


This study investigated the theories of Jean-Jacques Rousseau on the education of women. The works of Rousseau were consulted in the original French and translated by the writer for the study. Many publications concerning the educational themes of Rousseau have appeared, but minimal attention has been given to the importance and significance of the inclusion of women in his writings. Rousseau's most famous treatise on education, Emile, contains one chapter given over to a discussion of feminine pedagogy. His novel, La Nouvelle Heloise, has as its heroine the "new woman," who personifies and gives substance to his theories. His incomplete and little-known sequel to Emile, entitled Emile et Sophie ou les solitaires, was considered as constituting a retrospective evaluation of his educational program. The study led to an investigation of the century and life of Rousseau, his philosophy of education in general, his pedagogical theorizing as applicable to women, and his novel where his idealized educated woman is given form.


Considering that the face feature extraction problem can be transformed into a combinatorial optimization one,a new face recognition algorithm is proposed to integrate the bionic algorithm with principal comment analysis.In the new method,the feature subspace of face pictures is obtained through conventional principle component analysis.Then,the most accurate recognition is given from the subspace by use of the genetic algorithm and binary particle swarm algorithm separately.The experimental results based on ORL face database showed that the new algorithm is able to reduce the number of dimensions of feature space with highly accurate recognition rate.


Summary

Optimising packaging for minimally processed 'Barattiere' melon cultivar (Cucumis melo L.) is addressed in this work. Melon slices were dipped in water solution containing ascorbic acid (1%) and calcium chloride (0.2%). Dipped and untreated fresh-cut produce was packaged in four different polymeric materials (two biodegradable films, a commercially available multilayer film (MLF) and polypropylene), before storing at 5 °C. During storage, headspace gas composition, microbial quality, pH and mass loss were monitored for a period of 2 weeks. Results suggest that film characteristics strongly influenced gas concentrations in the headspace, microbial growth and weight. Among the tested packaging materials, the MLF seemed to delay significantly the detrimental phenomena involved in quality acceptance, even if clearly anaerobic atmospheres were recorded. The biodegradable films, combined with a dipping pre-treatment, could represent a good compromise between film performance and environmental impact.


To find out the evolution law of production safety behavior of enterprises in industrial cluster and to improve the effect of safety supervision,the characteristics of production safety behavior are analyzed.The payoff matrix of interaction between groups of enterprises in industrial cluster is built by the method of evolution economics.By analyzing the evolution model,the effect of individual decision-making on group behavior is probed.Four different scenarios of the system are analyzed,and the effects of different decision parameters on evolution result under mixed strategies equilibrium are discovered by numerical simulation by Matlab.Suggestions on avoiding the system falling into the bad locked status and guiding it to evolve to the expected direction are also provided.


In the literature on Hannah Arendt's Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, two sorts of claims have been made by different interpreters. First, there is Beiner's observation that there is a shift in Arendt's thoughts on judgment, which has led to the idea that Arendt develops two distinct theories of judgment. The second sort of claim concerns Arendt's use of Kant's transcendental principles which has led to the critique that Arendt detranscendentalizes or empiricalizes Kant. In this article, I argue against both of these claims. Early fragments of Arendt's on judgment make clear that she develops only one theory of judgment. It is only that it is not until later in her life that she fully elaborates it and that she gives it its rightful place in her tripartite The Life of the Mind. Nor does Arendt confuse Kant's idea of enlarged thinking with an actual dialogue with others. In fact, Arendt introduces an interesting interdependence between judgment and speech, or communication. Through my rereading of the Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, I show how Arendt interprets Kant's Critique of Judgment as an answer to the more general question 'How do I judge?'. I also clarify the difference Arendt draws between common sense and community sense, and the distinction she makes between the actors and the spectators on the one hand, and the spectators and the solitary philosopher on the other hand.


GALEN BROKAW is professor of Hispanic studies and Latin American and Latino studies at Montana State University. He specializes in pre-Hispanic and colonial Latin America. He is the author of A History of the Khipu (Cambridge UP, 2010) and an editor, with Jongsoo Lee, of Texcoco: Prehispanic and Colonial Perspectives (UP of Colorado, 2014) and Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl and His Legacy (U of Arizona P, 2016). Exceptionalism is most often associated with the political posturing of certain nation-states, but it refers more generally to any discourse that exaggerates the significance of peculiarities in order to set one group apart from, and above, others. The problem with any type of exceptionalism is not that the entity making the claim is not exceptional in the sense of being unique in some way. At some level every group has unique features or qualities. But proponents of exceptionalisms maintain in effect that theirs is an exceptional exceptionalism that has a greater significance and impact than other, less exceptional exceptionalisms, and often that this significance gives their group a moral imperative that justifies certain attitudes and actions vis-à-vis other groups. This type of exceptionalism claims superiority (whether implicitly or explicitly) in large part based on the assumption that the group's values are universal. Explicit national exceptionalisms are relatively easy to debunk (see Hodgson; Sachs), but not all exceptionalisms announce themselves as such. A similar kind of exceptionalism appears implicitly in the way we think about writing and orality and about literate versus so-called oral societies. While the political implications differ, the structure and the effect of the alleged exceptionalism of societies with writing are essentially the same. People often feel compelled to point out that a particular society did not have writing. This apophatic statement, which defines a society in negative terms, is not necessarily inaccurate. Whether or not it is accurate depends on the definition of writing that one adopts. Those who make these statements define writing narrowly as glottography—that is, as a representation of elements of oral language. Of course, the basis for this definition is the fact that the term writing and its equivalents in other languages (écriture, escritura, scrittura,


In this paper, we present the experience of teaching func- tional programming in the Computer Engineering programme of a Gali- cian University, the University of A Coruna. Erlang is introduced as part of an optional course on functional programming as an example of appli- cation of functional paradigm to the real world and most of the students really appreciate the beauty of the language when describing concurrent systems. In fact, several students choose Erlang every year as develop- ment framework for their Master's Thesis or for conducting research in our doctorate programme.


Europe from the thirteenth century; performances were given thereafter through the Renaissance. For generations in France, Italy, and England puppetry has brought joy to young and old. In Japan and Java the "Doll Theater" is more elaborate than are live performances. For children, "Punch and Judy" has always been synonymous with entertainment. It is a natural step, therefore, to adapt puppetry to the more advanced medium of motion pictures. The Russians used puppets in the famous full-length picture The New Gulliver,based on Swift's immortal tale of the voyage to Lilliput.1 One live actor, a boy of fourteen, appeared amongst three thousand puppets no bigger than a man's hand. These tiny figures performed by a process which director Alexander Ptushko described as "object multiplication." In 1929 Ptushko had worked out new methods of three-dimensional figure animation, but he did not show his work publicly until 1932 with his Master of Existence. The magnitude and ingenuity of The New Gulliver was the result of two and a half years of work. Even today the story of the Lilliputians revolting against their decadent masters has meaningful, pointed satire. The Soviet film industry opened a producing workshop for animated films in 1924 at the State Film Institute. Its second film was China Aflame, made with jointed dolls and filmed by the stop-motion camera.' Since then, other Russian movies have made use of


There are two main methods that identify host information Banner and Fingerprint. Through research, analysis and combined with the two methods, we complete and realize passive host characteristic information identification. For other network security research, particularly with regard to improvement of network intrusion detection system, we prepare data, and broaden ideas.


Based on in-situ measurements of the surface ruptures caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in 2008, incorporating with the surveys of building damages along the measured profile, various types of earthquake surface ruptures and the associated features of building damages are analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between the gradient of surface deformation and the damage degree of buildings is quantitatively discussed. The results indicate that regardless of the type of fault scarp, the surface rupture or strong deformation would be localized within an average width range of 10~30 m across the seismogenetic fault. The most direct factor affecting the damage of buildings is the gradient of surface deformation at the site where the buildings are located. Generally speaking, at the site where the gradient of surface deformation is equal to or larger than 0.1, the buildings will be completely destroyed; at a site where the gradient ranges from 0.07 to 0.1, the buildings will be subjected to serious damage; at a site where the gradient ranges from 0.03 to 0.07, the buildings will be subject to moderate damage, resulting in tilting and deformation, but generally will not collapse, while at a site where the gradient is less than 0.03, the buildings with a certain seismic resistance may suffer generally from light damage or even remains intact.


Opioids are an important component of multi-modal analgesia techniques. Different classes of analgesic drugs, when used concurrently, will modulate the pain pathway at different anatomical sites and receptor and transmitter systems, thereby providing more effective analgesia than a single class of drug alone. With few exceptions, combing different classes of analgesic drugs is not associated with increased risk of side effects, making multi-modal analgesia a safe and effective strategy to improve pain relief.


Social Media Advertising plays a vital role in today's business. It helps marketers to build relationships with their customers and increase sales. Marketers are using social media to advertise their products and generate sales. Social networking sites such as YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram are essential in today's competitive business for boosting the sales of the firm. This study aims to predict the impact of social media advertising on sales of a company. The purpose of this paper is to build a linear regression model that predicts sales based on money spent on YouTube advertisements. The data is analyzed using the R open-source software program for statistical analysis. The R is a powerful programming tool that can represent the dataset graphically concerning different parameters, and it also uses different packages available. The result of this research shows that YouTube advertising is a better predictor of company sales.