Capacitance voltage technique provides substantial information on the charge distribution in heterojunctions. We used the simultaneous solution of the Poisson equation together with the drift and diffusion equations to simulate the voltage dependence of the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction structure, influence of several parameters of the structure as doping concentration of AlGaN and GaN, sheet carrier concentration of two dimensional electron gas, Schottky barrier height, and the thickness of the AlGaN layer on the resulting C-V curve of the heterojunction capacitor. The method enables to simulate the capacitance of the structure also in forward bias. It is shown how the simulation may be used for extracting the electrical parameters of experimental AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.


[Read befor0e the Shropshire Braneh, July 14th, 1857.] THE subject of fractures of the skull is of itself so important, both as to its immediate and to its remote consequences, that anything relating to it cannot fail to be acceptable to the profession. I will therefore give a short history of three cases of compound fracture of the sk;ull, which I have recently had under my care in the Salop Infirmary. They were all received within twelve montths. The patients were all boys, from 11 to 13 years of age. They were each fractured on the right side of the forehead, and in each the injury was done by the liick of a horse. CASE I. In the first, case, there was a hole, of about the size of a shilling, punched in the right side and upper part of the forehead; the bone was driven into the substance of the right henmisphere for at least an inch and a half; a good deal of the substance of the brain was lying about the wound, which had been forced out by the bone which had been driven irn. The boy was perfectly sensible, could walk, and told us how the tccident bad happened. He didl not complain of much pain. He was put into bed; an(d soon afterwards, about two hours after the accident, lhe was seized with a most violent convulsive fit. A pair of forceps were introduced through the wound; and the bone, wlhich had been broken into three or foui pieces, was removed; whereupon the fit ceased. The wound was dressed wvith water dressing; a smart dose of calomel was given to him; the room was darkened; and the strictest antiphlogistic diet, with absolute quiet, were enforced. The lad recovered without a single bad symptom. CASE ii. The second patient was kicked over the light eye, causing a compound fractuire, the bone being depressed about three-fourths of an inch below its level, and firmly fixed in its new position. This patient, like the former lad, was very little affected by the accident, being perfectly sensible. The wound was drawn together by strips of plaster; a dose of calomel was given; and the same treatment was adopted as in the former case. This patient also recovered without any drawback. CASSE iII. The third patient was kicked on the outer side of the right orbit, also sustaining a compound fracture of the skull, with a deep indentation of the bone, and considerable loss of the brain substance. The bone in this case was comminuted. The loose portions were removed; the sides of the wounid were drawn togetber with strips of plaster; and the same treatment was carried out as in the other cases. This lad also made an excellent and rapid cure, without any untoward symptom. RE31AaKS. In the last two cases, there was considerable depression of the skull, which was olOt interfered with, simply because there were no symptoms that called for it; and yet both nmade an uninterrupted progress to recovery. In short, the treatment recommended by Abernethy was carried out; viz., "ccWhenever the patient retains his senses perfectly, I should tliink it improper to trephine him, unless symptoms arose which indicated the necessity of it." Sir Astley Cooper, Dupuytreni, and Liston, were of the same opinion. I remember a case in point in the practice of the last named surgeon, when I was a student at University College Hospital. A railway guard was brought into the Hospital, with a fracture and depression running right across the occipital bone. The depression was deep enough to bury the three fingers in. The man, after a time, was perfectly conscious, and told how the accident happened, which was as follows. He was sitting on his seat at the top of a carriage, with his back to the engine; and, while the train was running at full speed, the back of his head was struck against the arch of a bridge. Mr. Liston did not interfere with it; and the man left the hospital well. Sir B. Brodie and Velpeau also are of the same opinion as the other mentioned surgeons. Sir Benjamin Brodie says: "The removal of a part of the cranium is not to be viewed as a triflinmatter, or as an operation which we are warranted in perform. ing without a very sufficient reason; it is most prudent to abstain from the use of the trephine where there is fracture with depression of the cranium, producing at the time no unfavourable symptoms." I think I have adduced sufficient evidence to show that, in cases of fracture of the skull, with depression, causing symptoms of pressure on the brain, whether it be the milder state of paralysis, or the severer one of coma, there is only one plan of treatment to be adopted; viz., to trephine and elevate. When, however, that injury is not accompanied by any untoward symptoms, we shall give the patient a better chance of recovery by not meddling with the depressed bone, but trusting to niature, at the same time keeping a strict wvatch for the first indication of anything going wrong in the circulation, and adopting such an amount of antiphlogistic treatment as will check it.


The purpose of this paper is to study the existence and nonexistence of global solutions to the degenerate evolution inequalities with singular potential correlated to the generalized Baouendi-Grushin operator. The obtained results extend and improve upon those in the literature. To prove the existence results, we used the method of supersolution and the modified Bessel function. The nonexistence results are established by means of the test function method.


" This summary might be correct,however, there are some points to be considered.First, there are many factors that can induce theoxidative stress and this should be completelyinvestigated before suggesting that themeasurement of malondialdehyde level can beuseful for prevention. Second, there is noinformation on quality control of all analyses inthis report. Finally, it should also be noted thatgestation age and mode of delivery can affect thetest level. This should be kept in mind when oneconsiders to use the test in actual clinical practice


Basic volcanic rocks from the West Nain area of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage demonstrate significant subduction-related geochemical characteristics; these along with the new age data obtained for the volcanic rocks shed new light on the geodynamic evolution of the Iranian segment of Alpine–Himalayan orogeny. The late Oligocene (26.5 Ma) high-Nb basic volcanic rocks are likely to represent a transient rather enriched asthenospheric mantle underlying the otherwise dominantly Eocene–early Oligocene West Nain island arc. Lithospheric mantle geochemical signatures of the low-Zr volcanic rocks (20.6 Ma) and high-Th volcanic rocks (19.7 Ma) imply replacement of the underlying mantle. The substitution of asthenospheric mantle by a lithospheric mantle wedge might have been associated with – or perhaps caused by – an increase in the subduction rate. Culmination of the West Nain magmatism into slab melting that produced the early Miocene (18.7 Ma) adakitic rocks is compatible with subsequent ascent that triggered slab decompression melting.


. Wellness has become the holistic approach that raises a community's quality of life. Wellness tourism is a form of therapy based on natural resources; it is used to treat patients as well as tourists who want to blend into the natural environment. Therefore, wellness tourism needs preservation through adapting sustainable approaches. Eco lodges, which are examples of sustainable architecture, can act as a protection tool for wellness destinations. Their signature architecture and unique built environment could promote wellness tourism. The promotion and development of wellness destinations could be supported by branding as an important marketing strategy. This research aims to present a matrix that can integrate the architectural elements of eco lodges and branding strategy elements. A comparative methodology is used to analyze branding strategies' theories, models, and frameworks to propose the effective branding elements that could develop wellness eco lodges. Egypt is one of the countries that is endowed with a wide variety of natural resources and is a well-known nation for its ecotourism activities such as wellness activities. One of the most significant and underappreciated wellness destinations is Wadi El Natroun. It has distinguished by its salty lakes like El Hamra Lake, which has healing characteristics besides its religious significance and unique architectural character. Therefore, a branding strategy is proposed to develop and promote Wadi Natroun's wellness abilities through eco lodge architectural elements.


Experimental intensity ratios of Auger transitions L3 M4 , 5 M4 , 5 /L 2 M4 , 5 M4 , 5 for Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn (27 < Z < 30) as well as the relative LI, , LI,, level widths of Cu and Zn as derived from their photoelectron spectra are presented. The results show that whereas the LI,, /L, photoelectron intensity ratios indicate that the initial vacancy distribution after x-ray photoionization is close to 2:1, the L3 M4 ,5 M4 , 5 /L 2 M4 , 5 M4 , 5 Auger intensity ratios are much larger and undergo a sudden decrease at Z = 30. The level-width measurements show that the Lni widths are similar in Cu and Zn, but LH n width is greater in Cu than in Zn, contrary to the expected trend. These results give evidence that a great deal of vacancy reorganization has taken place following photoionization and prior to Auger emission. We interpret these reorganizations to be due to Coster-Kronig transitions f 2 3 . These results are then compared with the theoretical calculations of Chen, Crasemann and Kostroun, 17 and agree with their predicted discontinuity at Z = 30 where f23 transitions become energetically impossible.


The output pulse width of a mode-locked ring laser composed of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Mach-Zehnder optical modulator, and optical band-pass filter depends largely on the repetition frequency and the wavelength characteristics of these optical circuit elements. In previous experiments, the output pulse width was in the order of 5 ps at a repetition frequency of 5 GHz. The principal reason was that the narrow passage band of the optical circuit elements made it extremely difficult to generate an ultra-short optical pulse. Consequently, we examined how to narrow the optical pulse width by flattening the wavelength characteristics of these optical circuit elements. Furthermore, we drove the optical modulator in the cavity using a frequency multiplier to operate at an effectively higher frequency By widening the wavelength passage band of all the devices in the optical circuit, we achieved an output pulse width of 0.4 ps at a repetition frequency of 5 GHz; the pulse peak power was more than +23 dBm, and the time-bandwidth product was 0.34. We successfully tested an ultra-short optical pulse source with an output pulse width of 0.4 ps with no external pulse compression using a mode-locked ring laser.


Nigerian health experts are worried over the influx of fake and substandard drugs into the country, which they complain is endangering the public's health.

Dr Dora Akunyili, director general of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, said that fake drugs are responsible for the growing number of cases of hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and other illnesses in Nigeria.

"When people are taking fake or substandard antihypertension drugs, their blood pressure will continue to rise—because what they are taking is rubbish—until they go down with stroke or even die," she …


PURPOSE: A method and a device for scanning a document through the network, a packet format for the same are provided to efficiently use resources by transmitting a scanning result to user terminals represented from device multicast addresses through the network, and shorten a packet processing time without increasing network traffic. CONSTITUTION: The network(28) registers the user terminals(24,26) and the scanning devices(20,22) to use a management multicast address as a member. The scanning device determines a device multicast address, registers the user terminal, scans the document received from the reserved user terminal, and transmits the scanning result to the user terminal represented by the device multicast address. The user terminal determines one scanning device having a desired scanning property by using each AD(ADvertisement) of the registered scanning devices, registers to the scanning device and makes a reservation by fixing the desired scanning device from the registered scanning device.


Yang Jiang's prose appeal to the readers mainly for the force in the characters, especially the characters' quality of honesty, which enables the readers to identify, appreciate and accept. Furthermore, the characters in his prose possess a tough will as well as the morals of benevolence, broad-mindedness, modesty, righteousness and consideration. The value of writing lies in writer's nature, as the saying goes. And this also helps explain about the reason of Yang Jiang's success in his prose writing.


In order to solve the problems of the lack of experience and ability in the investigation and treatment of special equipment accidents in China, and fully excavate, summarize and utilize the existing valuable accident resources and excellent expert experience, guided by problems and demands, and based on the existing resources and research accumulation, this paper proposes to build a comprehensive intelligent decision support system IDSS, which consists of database, model base, method base, knowledge base and text base, has intelligent, interactive and integrated features, and faces decision-makers and decision-making process. By using the open and distributed characteristics of the system, it can give full play to the joint advantages of users, computers, communication networks and other resources, and provide decision support for special equipment accident investigation and technical analysis. The system can also continuously gather industry resources and experience, form derivative application functions such as safety education and training, accident emergency drill, etc., and make beneficial contributions to prevent and reduce special equipment accidents, and further improve the safety level of special equipment.


This paper presents the final results of a research effort which investigated the effects of environmental/safety regulation on technological change in the U.S. chemical industry. (1) The term environmental/safety regulation is used to include the leg islation, regulations, and other related actions which attempt to control environmental pollution, protect worker health and safe ty, or ensure the safety of consumer products. Technological changes arising from regulation encompass both the immediate modifications in manufactured products or industrial processes which may be necessary in order to comply with regulation and the more indirect, or ancillary, effects regulation can have on tech nological change for non-regulatory, "main business" purposes. The major emphasis in this work is on technological change for compliance purposes. We distinguish technological change from innovation. Inno vation means new product or process technology actually brought by a firm into f i r s t commercial use. The term technological change has a broader scope and includes "non-innovative" changes such as the adoption of an existing technology. The study's focus was on the regulations and chemical tech nologies pertaining to: • lead • mercury • polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) • vinyl chloride. These are typical of substances that are in wide use and which are highly regulated. The choice was made to have a diversity of regulations and industrial contexts in our sample and to keep the study within manageable proportions. The study involved both the construction of a model of the effects of regulation on compliance technology and the testing of certain relationships, suggested by the model, concerning the characteristics of the regulation, the nature of the technology employed by the regulated/responding firms, and the ultimate


Based upon a global comparison of over 400 fi sheries, the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) methodology was used to identify factors affecting the choice of growth estimation methods. Of the six factors examined, the growth rate (K) and asymptotic length (L ∞ ) explained most of the variations. Financial resources, i.e., Gross National product (GNP), and latitude were also important factors.


Most of current processors are equipped with single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions that are used to increase the performance of application programs. In this paper, we analyze the effective use of SIMD instructions in the Incomplete Cholesky (IC) preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (CG) solver, which we employ in a variety of simulations. A new fill-in strategy in the IC factorization is proposed for the SIMD vectorization of the preconditioning step and to increase the convergence rate. Our numerical results confirm that the proposed method has better solver performance than the conventional IC(0)-CG method.


BackgroundDevelopment of methods to detect risk of preterm birth in pregnant women can result in reduction in occurrence of preterm birth. Our objective was to undertake a longitudinal study to investigate the association of telomere length shortening in peripheral blood DNA of women during pregnancy with preterm birth.MethodsTelomere length reduction in peripheral blood DNA was measured at two time points by Real Time PCR in pregnant women enrolled in a large prospective cohort (GARBH-Ini) in Gurugram, India. Out of 248 women who participated in this study, 60 mothers delivered preterm while 188 mothers delivered at term. ResultsTelomere length was found to be significantly reduced in preterm birth delivering mothers compared to those who delivered at term at less than 20 weeks (p=0.02) and at 26-28 weeks (p=0.84 x 10-15) of pregnancy. Predictive modelling by binary logistic regression analysis revealed that reduction of telomere length (T/S ratio) at 26-28 weeks was found to be significantly (p=7.7181 x 10-06) associated with enhanced risk of preterm birth. A mean odds ratio of 8.4 was found for association of T/S ratio with preterm birth outcome. There was no significant difference in maternal age between the mothers who delivered preterm and those who delivered at term. ConclusionsOur preliminary results indicate that telomere length reduction in maternal peripheral blood DNA might be a potential indicator of risk of preterm delivery.


Glyphosate contamination in waters is becoming a major health problem that needs to be urgently addressed, as accidental spraying, drift, or leakage of this highly water-soluble herbicide can impact aquatic ecosystems. Researchers are increasingly concerned about exposure to glyphosate and the risks its poses to human health, since it may cause substantial damage, even in small doses. The detection of glyphosate residues in waters is not a simple task, as it requires complex and expensive equipment and qualified personnel. New technological tools need to be designed and developed, based on proven, but also cost-efficient, agile, and user-friendly, analytical techniques, which can be used in the field and in the lab, enabled by connectivity and multiplatform software applications. This article presents the design, development, and testing of an innovative low-cost visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectrometer (called SpectroGLY), based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which allows potential glyphosate contamination in waters to be detected. SpectroGLY combines the functional concept of a traditional lab spectrometer with the IoT technological concept, enabling the integration of several connectivity options for rural and urban settings and digital visualization and monitoring platforms (Mobile App and Dashboard Web). Thanks to its portability, it can be used in any context and provides results in 10 min. Additionally, it is unnecessary to transfer the sample to a laboratory (optimizing time, costs, and the capacity for corrective actions by the authorities). In short, this article proposes an innovative, low-cost, agile, and highly promising solution to avoid potential intoxications that may occur due to ingestion of water contaminated by this herbicide.


In the present work we used a high-resolution, low-cost apparatus capable of detecting waves fit inside the sound bandwidth, and the software package GoldwaveTM for graphical display, processing and monitoring the signals, to study aspects of the electric heart activity of early avian embryos, specifically at the 18th Hamburger & Hamilton stage of the embryo development. The species used was the domestic chick (Gallus gallus), and we carried out 23 experiments in which cardiographic spectra of QRS complex waves representing the propagation of depolarization waves through ventricles was recorded using microprobes and reference electrodes directly on the embryos. The results show that technique using 16 bit audio card monitored by the GoldwaveTM software was efficient to study signal aspects of heart electric activity of early avian embryos.


Long noncoding RNAs are involved in a variety of cellular functions. In particular, an increasing number of studies have revealed the functions of long noncoding RNA in various cancers; however, their precise roles and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. NORAD, a cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA, is upregulated by irradiation and functions as a potential oncogenic factor by binding and inhibiting Pumilio proteins (PUM1/PUM2). Here, we show that NORAD upregulates transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling and regulates TGF‐β‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like phenotype, which is a critical step in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, A549 cells. However, PUM1 does not appear to be involved in this process. We thus focused on importin β1 as a binding partner of NORAD and found that knockdown of NORAD partially inhibits the physical interaction of importin β1 with Smad3, inhibiting the nuclear accumulation of Smad complexes in response to TGF‐β. Our findings may provide a new mechanism underlying the function of NORAD in cancer cells.


Studies conducted in the early 2000s based on objective performance data confirmed the direct value of Information Technology (IT) at the firm level (A. S. Bharadwaj, 2000; Santhanam & Hartono, 2003). However, recent literature has produced different results, due to standardization in the supply of IT products and services. From the Resource-Based Theory perspective, this paper tests whether the value of IT continues to be captured by measures of firm performance, as found in studies in early 2000 of U.S. firms. We do so by gathering objective data and variables for 149 leading IT companies in Brazil in the period 2008-2011. Utilizing Linear Regression and panel data, we test this association and found that IT capabilities are associated with performance in only four of the 32 relationships tested, with one being negative. Thus, overall, we confirmed the null impact of IT capabilities specifically at the firm level - supporting the demands of Resource Based Theory to analyze this impact at intermediate levels of performance. We also list limitations and research opportunities in the conclusion.


Data from health surveys typically show higher rates of morbidity among women than among men, while mortality data show the opposite pattern. Medical sociologists have formulated several key hypotheses to explain this female excess in morbidity-particularly as it occurs in milder forms of illness and disability. In this paper we examine one such hypothesis, using data from the Los Angeles Health Survey. According to the "fixed role obligations" hypothesis, inflexible role obligations contribute to malelfemale differences in reporting illness and disability. As hypothesized, we find that controlling for such role obligations (particularly employment status) reduces malelfemale differences in reporting disability days, but that selfreports of chronic conditions continue to show significant malelfemale differences independent of these roles. These findings suggest that the fixed role obligations hypothesis is most appropriate for explaining malelfemale differences in sick-role behaviors that compete directly with fixed role obligations.


Can collaborative filtering be successfully applied to digital libraries in a manner that improves the effectiveness of the library? Collaborative filtering systems remove the limitation of traditional content-based search interfaces by using individuals to evaluate and recommend information. We introduce an approach where a digital library user specifies their need in the form of a question, and is provided with recommendations of documents based on ratings by other users with similar questions. Using a testbed of the Tsunami Digital Library, we found evidence that suggests that collaborative filtering may decrease the number of search queries while improving users' overall perception of the system. We discuss the challenges of designing a collaborative filtering system for digital libraries and then present our preliminary experimental results.


ADI PRAYOGA. Formation Of Potassium Stannate From Cassiterite Mineral With The Decomposition Process Of The Base (KOH). Guided by Latifa Hanum Lalasari and Nurhasni. Mineral extraction kasiterit from Indonesia using the alkaline decomposition has a lot to do. Kasiterit is a mineral of lead oxide (SnO2) which has the composition ranges from 73.4% and still contains many dopants such as La, Ce, Fe, Ti, P, Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Zr, S, and Pb. process introduction to the formation of pottasium stannat (K2SnO3) He did the decomposition process by mixing with dekomser KOH. This experiment aims to increase the added value of kasiterit Indonesia using alkaline decomposition to eliminate pengotornya. The experiment results show that kasiterit of Indonesia can form pottasium stannat (K2SnO3) which can be dissolved with the leaching process 2N KOH. The longer the time causing decomposition phase of pottasium stannat formed more and more. Optimum results are achieved when the decomposition process is carried out at a temperature of 850 ° c for 3 hours. PANalytical X'Pert HighScore Plus (HSP) used in this study to analyze the weight of K2SnO3 and SnO2. Analysis of the HSP indicated that the formation of the best in the kalsinasi stage on K 500-3 kal with the value of the GOF 2 but an awful lot of pollutant that is formed. The most optimum point dissolving in a time of 3 hours at temperature of 850 °C value 75,525 %.


Review(s) of: Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Odonata of the world, by Charles A. Bridges, 1991, Privately published by the author, 502 W. Main St, #308, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801, Price (including postage) US $110.


Population ageing has been observed in the 28 countries of the EU for many years. It is a spatially diverse process. The growing percentage of the elderly people influences the health of societies. The health state of the elderly is, among the factors influencing their quality of life, a crucial element associated with the need for the subjective feeling of satisfaction with a fulfilment of the health potential and an active social life. The purpose of the work is to present the selected aspects of the ageing process in the countries of the EU and the selected aspects of the characterisation of the EU inhabitants aged 65 and above in terms of health.


Mohs surgeons are not infrequently faced with the challenge of removing tumors from the auditory canal or perichondrium. This may prove difficult with the traditional surgical blade. For this reason, we have found the tympanoplasty blade to be a particularly useful addition to the Mohs surgical tray. Traditionally used in head and neck surgery, the tympanoplasty blade is specially designed so that the handle is angled at 601, circular with the bevel down, and sharp all around, (Figure 1) enabling the surgeon to more easily dissect delicate tissue in such instances.


A robust Hindu sepoy of 27 years of age, who had served in the army without any ailment for the last two years, was admitted in an I. G. H. (C.) for fever with chill, rigor and headache of three days' duration. The fever was gradual in onset and accompanied by occasional rigors; there. was no remission. There was a history of an attack of fever (malaria according to his statement) lasting for about three months in 1942 when he went home on leave.


Since its introduction to Ca2+ signaling in 1997, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) has been used in many studies to probe for the involvement of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors in the generation of Ca2+ signals. Due to reports of some nonspecific actions of 2‐APB, and the fact that its principal antagonistic effect is on Ca2+ entry rather than Ca2+ release, this compound may not have the utility first suggested. However, 2‐APB has thrown up some interesting results, particularly with respect to store‐operated Ca2+ entry in nonexcitable cells. These data indicate that although it must be used with caution, 2‐APB can be useful in probing certain aspects of Ca2+ signaling.—Bootman, M. D., Collins, T. J., Mackenzie, L., Roderick, H. L., Berridge, M. J., Peppiatt, C. M. 2‐Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) is a reliable blocker of store‐operated Ca2+ entry but an inconsistent inhibitor of InsP3‐induced Ca2+ release. FASEB J. 16, 1145–1150 (2002)


Power Fluidics technology has been used for handling nuclear fluids for over 30 years. The key feature of the technology is the absence of mechanical moving parts in contact with the process fluid, so giving inherent plant safety and reliability. Power fluidic pumps use compressed gas to effect liquor flow, and are capable of pumping without flow dilution and without susceptibility to erosion or blockage. Applications for Power Fluidics technology were initially in the field of sludge pumping in new-build nuclear processing plants, and a number of designs of pumps capable of handling high-viscosity, high-SG materials were developed. More recently, Power Fluidics technology has been further developed for 'retrofitting' to achieve mobilization and retrieval of radioactive wastes and sludges from existing tanks and silos. This paper focuses on this application and will describe how Power Fluidics equipment has been developed and implemented to mix, sample and retrieve waste from existing storage tanks or silos. Case studies of several recent successful projects are included.© 2003 ASME


AbstractThe flow number test is widely utilized as a routine test for assessing the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. The objective of this study is to propose a novel method of determining t...


Scientific forecasting of annual power grid electricity sales played an important role in power grid enterprises.It was an important basis for power grid construction and planning.Applying grey prediction model GM (1.1) in Shiyan power supply company as an example,a model was built based on the historic regional electricity sales data from 2000 to 2007,from where the 2008-2011 electricity sales could be predicted.Through the analysis and comparison between the forecasting results and the real data,grey prediction model GM (1.1) showed great fitness and low error rate to the real data from 2008-2011.Thus it was proved that this method had a broad application prospects.


Nitric oxide (NO) a simple radical, long considered harmful gas. Useful properties of NO have been actively studied in the late 80 of the last century. NO is produced by oxidation the amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline formation under the influence of the enzyme NO-synthase. Exhaled nitric oxide is determined by using gas analyzers. In the lungs there are different types of cells capable of producing nitrous oxide by one or more NO-synthases. Normally, NO is involved in the regulation of breathing, maintaining the immune status, cardiovascular homeostasis, blink bronchial cilia, cellular apoptosis. Synthesis gas and its after effect depends on cell producers, state of the cells, organ and whole organism.


Studies were carried out to provide basic information for establishing the weed control in Chungbuk, Korea. The present surveys targeting 260 farmers in Chungbuk province were conducted for the cultivation system, weeds occurrence and usage of herbicides. To estimate the occurring area of herbicide resistant weeds, soil samples from 400 paddy fields were collected twice on August, 2011 and April, 2012. In the results of survey, the 99.6% of farmers used the rice planting machine and the 78% of the farmers disseminated herbicides twice to control weeds before and after planting rice. The most commonly used herbicide were as follows; soil-applied herbicide : butachlor 46.6%, mid-term herbicide : mefenacet + pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 10.7%, foliar herbicides : bentazone 62%. The dominant paddy field weeds included Echinochloa crusgalli (16.2%), Scirpus juncoides (12.2%), Monochoria vaginalis (11.9%) and Sagittaria trifolia (9.5%). Occurrence area of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weeds was 13,659 ha in 26.8% of the paddy area. Monochoria vaginalis showed the highest with 4,605 ha (36.4%) followed Scirpus juncoides (30.7%), and Lindernia dubia (10.6%) at 2011. Monochoria vaginalis and Scirpus juncoides occurred were evenly distributed and the most problematic weed in Chungbuk, Korea.


Sixteen strains of rhizobia were isolated by trapping from nodules developed on the roots of Hedysarum coronarium L., using soils collected from three regions of North-East of Algeria. The nodulation test confirmed the capacity of strains to forme nodules on their plant host. The authenticated isolates were the object of a phenotypic characterization through the analysis of the morphological, biochemical, physiological characters, supported by a numerical analysis. The results indicate that strains are strictly connected between them. They would be connected with the genus Rhizobium, because they lead the training of nodules on the roots of their origin legume. Keyswords: rhizobia, Hedysarum coronarium L., phenotypice caracterization, Algeria.


A discrete choice model has been developed in which the choice alternatives consist of vehicle transactions rather than portfolios of vehicle holdings. The model is based on responses to customized stated preference questions involving both hypothetical future vehicles and the household`s current vehicle holdings. The stated choices were collected from 4747 survey respondents located throughout most of the urbanized portions of California. Respondents were asked what their next vehicle transaction would most likely be (replace a current vehicle, add another vehicle, or dispose of a current vehicle), and respondents who wanted to replace or add vehicles were asked to indicate their most preferred vehicle from a set of six hypothetical vehicles. The hypothetical vehicles were described in terms of fourteen attributes, manipulated according to an experimental design. The transactions model is a multinomial logic model of the choice of the hypothetical vehicles and whether or not the hypothetical vehicle will be a replacement or addition to the household fleet. The model is conditioned on the household`s current vehicle stock, and the characteristics of the current vehicles are important explanators of the stated preference choices. In addition to the model estimates, forecasts are given for a base case scenario in 1998.more » The model is one component in a micro-simulation demand forecasting system being designed to produce annual forecasts of new and used vehicle demand by type of vehicle and geographic area. The system will also forecast annual vehicle miles traveled for all vehicles and recharging demand by time of day for electric vehicles. These results are potentially useful to utility companies in their demand-side management planning, to public agencies in their evaluation incentive schemes, and to manufacturers faced with designing and marketing alternative-fuel vehicles.« less


For custom integrated circuit design, the use of a reliable device model parameter set as input for the circuit simulator is very important. The curve fitting algorithm in our parameter extraction program SIMPAR is based on a modified Marquardt fitting routine for nonlinear least squares. Classical parameter extraction programs rely only on the minimization of the relative current deviation. But, especially in analog applications (e.g., gain), a correct value for the slope of the I /sub ds/ - V /sub ds/ curves in the saturation region is at least equally important. The new generalized error criterion implemented in SIMPAR extracts a parameter set which minimizes both the current and slope residuals in every point. In doing this, the accuracy of the output conductance modeling has improved considerably, and in some cases even the current residual itself decreases. Although any analytical current-voltage relationship can be used, the SPICE MOS level 3 was chosen as a test vehicle. To illustrate the effect of this new fitting strategy, the gain of a CMOS invertor was calculated.


Metals play an important role in normal biological function, and increasing research over the past few decades suggests connections between metal dysregulation and a range of diseases including diabetes, obesity, and various cancers. It is therefore critical to develop new tools to monitor the concentration, flux, and storage of metals in biological systems. We aim to develop molecular imaging probes to achieve this goal using an optical modality known as bioluminescence. Bioluminescence refers to a biological reaction between an enzyme and substrate to produce light. These reactions typically occur through oxidation of the chemical substrate to yield an excited state intermediate that emits photons upon relaxation to ground state. We seek to develop derivatives of these substrates that are blocked from light emission via protecting groups that are chemoselectively cleaved by specific metal analytes. In this regime, the native substrate would be restored only upon reaction with the metal of interest and allowed to interact with the enzyme for light production. Our target system utilizes the substrate coelenterazine, found in many deep-sea organisms, and the luciferase, Gaussia, specifically found in a deep-sea copepod. We chose this system as opposed to the heavily studied firefly luciferase system as its reaction is not dependent on ATP, unlike firefly luciferase. Gaussia luciferase is naturally secreted making it an ideal system for studying extracellular metal pools. This project will add to the toolbox of bioluminescent probes for in vivo monitoring of labile metal pools and offer innovative strategies for tracking extracellular metal pools in living animals.


An attempt was made to evaluate the effect of drip fertigation and sowing season on plant morphology and its relationship with yield components of pigeonpea at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, during Kharif, 2010 and Summer, 2011. The treatments consists of four main plots (F 50% 1 of seed recommended dose of fertilizer (SRD)F through drip, F 75% of SRDF through drip, F 100% of SRDF 2 3 through drip and F 150% SRDF through drip) and three sub-plots (S foliar spray of 0.5 per cent ZnSO , S 4 1 4 2 -foliar spray of 100 ppm succinic acid and S foliar spray of 100 ppm humic acid) and control (surface irrigation 3 with conventional method of fertilizer application). Results showed that the effect of drip fertigation on all quantitative traits was significant. It was noticed that all the morphological characters were differed significantly between the seasons and also among the fertigation treatments F -100% of SRDF through drip + foliar spray 3 of 0.5% ZnSO were found to be superior in both seasons. It was further noticed that plant height, stem 4 diameter, number of branches plant , number of flowers plant , number of pods plant and dry matter 1 1 1 production have positive association, with pod yield plant in kharif season only. Drip fertigated pigeonpea 1 with 100% SRDF as water soluble fertilizer might prove appropriate for yield enhancement in pigeonpea.


Students of economics no longer study the history of economic thought for the simple reason that it is much too difficult. It requires a lot of reading of books that do not have convenient introductions and summaries, and so it takes up far too much time. As a consequence, most economists are not familiar with the great names of the past and are unable to place modern analyses in historical, or any other, perspective.


Patient: Female, 28-year-old Final Diagnosis: Intrinsic laryngeal lipoma Symptoms: Dyspnoea Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Otolaryngology Objective: Mistake in diagnosis Background: Lipomas, the most common soft tissue tumors, represent almost half of all benign mesenchymal neoplasms and are characterized by the absence of symptoms. However, if they grow in a laryngeal site, they can cause dyspnea and dysphonia which represents one of the major symptoms of benign laryngeal diseases (such as polyps or nodules); these symptoms are often the first symptom of neoplastic diseases. Case report: We present a case of a 28-year-old female patient with a rounded pseudocyst neoformation located in the left aryepiglottic fold that partially hid the homolateral vocal cord and limited its mobility. Due to the site of the lesion and MRI images showing a well-capsulated neoformation without contrast enhancement, we decided to surgically remove it with a micro-laryngoscopic approach after an evaluation of the patient's upper airway by an anesthetist. This case demonstrates that a micro-endoscopic approach using transoral laser microsurgery for surgical excision was useful for removing the entire mass and avoiding relapses. Conclusions: Laryngeal lipomas are benign and rare lesions, in particular intrinsic lipomas are uncommon, but, if they grow, they can cause life-threatening symptoms. In our case, a lipoma reached a size of around 2 centimeters and was not pedunculated, only a histopathological examination of the surgical specimens could provide a differential diagnosis against a lipoma-like liposarcoma. The use of Transoral Laser CO2 Micro-laryngoscopy (TLM) provided good management of a small intrinsic lipomas of the larynx, minimizing the potential for relapses.


Three districts representing unique contexts and challenges from across the United States have been iteratively designing and implementing inclusive computing pathways for K-12 students. In this paper, we identify barriers to inclusivity within each districts? K-12 computing pathway. Through a research practice partnership (RPP), we seek to develop a shared understanding of inclusiveness and apply that understanding to the development of targeted supports in the design and implementation of K-12 computing pathways. We analyze existing structures and systems for gaps in order to create new opportunities and resources for students, teachers, schools and districts.


The integrity of internal steel components, whether they be in the form of reinforcing bar mesh, pre-tensioned tendons or post-tensioned cables encased within ducts, is a major factor in determining the useful life of structures built from reinforced and pre-stressed concrete. This article reviews the nondestructive techniques that have been or are being developed which provide information relating to the condition of these steel members, either through direct or indirect measurement. It focuses on the research that has been conducted on true nondestructive methods, giving only brief consideration to electrochemical techniques such as potential mapping, which require at least one-contact point with the steel, and hence removal of some concrete. Testing methods given special attention are those based on the principles of ultrasound, impact echo, acoustic emission, radar and microwave, X-ray and gamma radiography, AC and DC magnetic fields, electrical and optical time domain reflectometry and thermography. ...


Sucrose synthase (EC 188.8.131.52) of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) fibrous roots has a distinctly different order of preference for nucleoside diphosphate substrates than that of the taproot enzyme (Silvius, Snyder 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 1070-1073). Separation and quantitation of UDP, ADP, and GDP in root extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed that UDP levels in taproot tissue were 5 to 10 times greater than those of fibrous root tissues. The lower fibrous root UDP levels were associated with significantly higher ADP and GDP levels in these roots as compared to the taproot. These differences are consistent with differences in the substrate affinity of sucrose synthase and suggest a regulatory role of the enzyme in the control of sucrose cleavage and utilization between the two root types.


In this chapter, the authors examine manifestations of emergence or apparent emergence in agent based social modeling and simulation, and discuss the inherent challenges in building real world models and in defining, recognizing and validating emergence within these systems. The discussion is grounded in examples of research on emergence by others, with extensions from within our research group. The works cited and built upon are explicitly chosen as representative samples of agent-based models that involve social systems, where observation of emergent behavior is a sought-after outcome. The concept of the distinctiveness of social from abiotic emergence in terms of the use of global parameters by agents is introduced.


In this study,we present the fabrication of thin sheets of magnetic composite materials by organized different volume fraction micron-sized carbonyl iron powder inside RTV-2 silicon rubber in the absence of magnetic field.The tensile mechanical properties of the composites with /without magnetic field were tested utilized the mechanical-magneticthermal multi-field instrument and analyzed by some super-elastic models.The results indicated that the mechanical performance of this kind of magneto-active composites was obviously enhanced by applying uniform external magnetic field.The tensile strength and young's modulus of the composites significantly increase and its elongation rate at break increases firstly and then reduces with further increase in the volume fraction of particles inclusion.By means of comparison between the experiment data and modeling simulations for the composite in conditions of zero field and an applied magnetic field,it was found that its mechanical behaviors manifest super-elastic characteristic similar to the common super-elastic rubber.The stress-strain relationship can be described satisfactorily by Mooney-Rivlin model with fewer modeling parameters,which may offer convenient approach for mechanical properties and behavior analysis of such soft magnetic composite in engineering applications.


The author suggests that one of the reasons for Russell's efforts was to gain control over the Catholic Church in Ireland. The leaders of the Irish hierarchy suspected as much and were, in general, cool towards Russell's various proposals. Still, some of the Irish polemic against the English was reduced, and Russell was also motivated by a desire to assist the Irish economic situation, which was desperate at this time. For the most part, Russell acted favorably towards the Catholics in Ireland and Great Britain, but as an erastian, he may have been perplexed at the insistence of Roman Catholics on their independence in all matters. The description and analysis of the early response of the English to Pius IX is excellent. The new pope was regarded as an ally in the general concern that Italy was about to be driven into revolution and that the next war might begin there. The Italian Liberals were, at first, in love with Pius IX but quickly turned on him, which turned the new pope into an object of sympathy. All of that sympathy vanished a few years later when the pope and Catholics in general were viewed as enemies to the freedom of Great Britain. Diplomatic history, of course, is a discipline unto itself, and the one weakness, perhaps, in Flint's book is its neglect of England's religious history during this period. I believe the author seriously underestimates the strength and tradition of British "no-popery," which the Oxford Movement (1833-45) brought to the surface, and which culminated in the Papal Aggression riots of 1850 and beyond. Catholic leaders like Archbishop Wiseman believed that England, by way of the Oxford Movement, was about to become Catholic again. Wiseman's Letter of 1850, written when he was the new administrator of the church in England, was read as a call for English Christians to submit to the Church of Rome, which in turn set off the protests from every level of English society. One other small weakness in the book is Flint's reading of the crisis provoked by the Gorham trial and verdict. Gorham, an evangelical clergyman, denied the doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration. His bishop refused him a living in the Exeter diocese, whereupon Gorham took his case to a civil court and won. His victory showed where the real power in the Church of England resided and produced a goodly number of converts. The converts of 1850 were not given to silence and proceeded to attack their one-time mentor, Dr. Pusey, for his promotion of auricular confession. All of this fueled the flames of British anti-Catholicism until the end of the century. Still, Flint has achieved his objective. His book will remain the best survey and analysis of an extremely complex era in the history of the Roman Church and Great Britain.


Glass offers a number of advantages as a dielectric material, such as a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high dimensional stability, high thermal conductivity and suitable dielectric constant. These properties make glass an ideal candidate for, among other things, package substrate and high-frequency PCB applications. We report here a novel process for the production of printed circuit boards and integrated circuit packaging using glass as both a dielectric medium and a platform for wiring simultaneously. An ultrafast laser is used to etch away the desired pattern (pads, wires and vias) in the glass, and copper plating is "seeded" through the laser-based deposition of copper droplets. The seeded area is then plated using electroless plating followed by electroplating. Demonstrations of fine pitch wires, variable diameter through holes and blind vias, and a multilayer stack will be shown. The deposits have a resistivity less than a factor of 1.5x that of bulk copper for 5-10 mm wires. Plated lines in borosilicate glass of 7-10 μm width and 5-20 μm depth and line spacing down to ~10 μm will be demonstrated, as well as vias with a top diameter approaching 100 μm for 150 μm thick glass and 40 μm for 50 μm thick strengthened glass. The process presents the potential for significant material savings in terms of base materials, process chemicals, and waste disposal/recycling costs (glass is on the order of 100-fold less expensive than some current highfrequency dielectrics, and wet processes account for a large part of standard PCB/substrate manufacturing). Additionally, the above-described processes are amendable toward other dielectric materials such as FR4, PI, and PTFE-based materials. Introduction Increased demand for high data transmission rates is driving the development of smaller PCB features. Electrical circuits are reaching the physical limitations of traditional PCB dielectric materials under which electromagnetic compatibility can be controlled. Additionally, a high-density of features, such as in advanced flip chip packages, require substrates with low CTE, high dimensional stability, high thermal conductivity and suitable dielectric constant. Glass offers a number of advantages in this regard, including that it is very stable in terms of electrical properties, moisture absorption, and aging, and has a CTE similar to that of silicon, making it ideal for IC packaging. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of glass is, in some instances, lower than that of FR4. This, coupled with a low loss tangent, and low materials cost compared to high-performance materials, make glass suitable for high-frequency applications. Many different approaches have been taken toward the realization of conductive plating of glass substrates, including: chemical vapor deposition, evaporation and sputtering; chemical, mechanical, and laser roughening to improve electroand electroless plating, laser direct-write techniques (vide infra), including sintering of metallic powders; and using selfassembled monolayers to better adsorb catalysts for electroless plating. Difficulties with glass metallization arise from chemical and mechanical incompatibilities between brittle, stiff glass and the metal, such as CTE incompatibility and strong interfacial stresses. Smooth glass surfaces present no possibility of mechanical interlocking, so metal films can easily separate from the substrate. We report here a novel method for metallization of glass dielectrics involving laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of metallic foils to seed electroless plating, thereby forming strongly anchored conductive patterns. The specific techniques examined here allow for plating of conductive traces and vias, multilayer all-glass structures and multilayer mixed-material structures. In LIFT, the desired material for deposition is adhered to a transparent carrier; this substrate is referred to as the "donor." A laser is focused through the transparent carrier layer of the donor onto the material, resulting in transfer of the material to a "receiving" substrate. The LIFT technique applied to conductive metals was first described in 1986 by Bohandy et al., for the forward transfer of copper onto silica substrates using an ArF excimer laser, and has since been applied to deposit a variety of materials onto many different substrates, including organic and biological materials. Printing of conductive inks and nanopastes has been a focus of recent research into LIFT applications. Techniques that utilize conductive inks offer the promise of a high degree of shape and size control for the deposited material (for example, using spatial light modulators), but the inks themselves have conductivities several orders of magnitude less than their bulk counterparts, some of which can be mitigated through in situ laser curing of the deposited ink. LIFT has also been used for preparing embedded components, by direct-writing conductive inks to make connections between already embedded components, or by using LIFT to place the components themselves. Copper beams can be laser cut, bent, and deposited using LIFT, but require conductive glues for adhesion. Most similar to the technique described in this report is an approach that uses LIFT to deposit palladium droplets, in which excimer lasers were used to decompose a palladium acetate film on a transparent substrate to palladium particles and deposit them on quartz, ceramic, and polymer substrates. The palladium droplets can act as catalysts for the plating of copper, nickel, and gold. This approach is limited by the low abundance, and correspondingly high cost, of palladium (around $650 per ounce at the time of writing). Plating on Glass The seeding methods described below can be carried out on flat, smooth glass substrates, but the metals plated on these surfaces lack mechanical stability and dimensional control. As a result, a typical approach requires laser ablation of the glass substrate to produce unplated features (pads, wires and vias), followed by application of the following seeding method. Laser glass ablation was carried out on an ESI Lodestone system, employing an EoLite Chinook laser operating at 515 nm with pulse duration of 800 fs. Typical glass ablation parameters are 1 MHz pulse repetition rate, 3 μJ/pulse and a feedrate of 5001000 mm/s for a spot size of 12-15 μm. When operating with the focus at the top of the glass substrate, trenches can be made in borosilicate glass using these parameters that are ~ 7 μm wide and 5 μm deep in a single pass; additional passes can be employed to deepen the trench without significantly affecting the width. Narrower and shallower features can be made by lowering the pulse energy or defocusing the beam. The same parameters can be used for producing pads and vias by utilizing a 7 μm pitch and crosshatching the fill lines provides the best results. Vias are produced by applying the pattern multiple times, and scanning the Z range of the substrate while undertaking this process improves the shape of the via. Larger pulse energies are required as the via diameter approaches the thickness of the glass piece (i.e., the aspect ratio nears 1). Blind vias can be drilled using either the Lodestone system (described above), or ESI's nViant CO2-based microvia platform, employing a 9.3 μm Coherent J5 CO2 laser. Laser seeding for electroless plating was carried out as follows. A Spectra-Physics HIPPO green laser operating at 30 kHz and 50-200 μJ/pulse, with ca. 11 ns pulse width, was focused to a 30-40 μm diameter spot onto a thin copper foil laminated onto a glass slide, melting the copper and directing the material toward the desired substrate. To prepare this donor substrate, a 4% aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is spin coated onto a 1 mm thick borosilicate glass slide and the film allowed to dry for several hours to produce a uniform coating about 1 μm thick. The foil, as received from Oak-Mitsui, consists of a 10 μm thick copper foil bound to a 35 μm "carrier" layer of copper. The thin foil is laminated onto the PVA layer using a hot press operating near the melting point for PVA for several minutes. For this, the 10 μm copper layer was placed in contact with the PVA layer, and the carrier side is facing out. After lamination, the carrier layer can be easily peeled away leaving the thin layer adhered to the glass supporting substrate. Optimum laser processes utilize bite sizes (beam displacement between pulses) that are 50-75% of the focused spot diameter. Figure 1 shows deposited copper on a flat borosilicate glass surface using the method described above, with no offset between the forward transfer substrate and the receiving substrate. The process utilizes a single laser pulse with 30 μm focused spot at the work surface with variable pulse energies. The scale bar is 100 μm. The Figure shows that the method has a resolution (deposited spot diameter) of ~ 50 μm at low pulse energies; at higher pulse energies the feature size increases. The transferred copper is strongly anchored, and conductive patterns can be made directly from this technique using multiple passes and/or the proper pitch, although these multiple deposits are not structurally strong on smooth glass surfaces. Figure 1 also shows that there is unbound copper dust between the anchored features. This can easily be removed by gently wiping the surface. An ESI 5335 micromachining platform was utilized for copper forward transfer in instances that required precise alignment of the donor substrate. The system utilizes a third-harmonic Nd:YAG laser (355 nm) with pulse repetition frequencies up to 90 kHz, pulse duration ~10 ns, ~12 μm focused beam diameter, and maximum average power of around 11 W. The same donor substrate described above can be utilized with proper laser dosing conditions, i.e., using sufficiently large bite sizes to minimize damage to the receiving substrate and sufficiently low pulse energ


Although sea ice loss is the primary threat to polar bears (Ursus maritimus), little can be done to mitigate its effects without global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Other factors, however, could exacerbate the impacts of sea ice loss on polar bears, such as exposure to increased industrial activity. The Arctic Ocean has enormous oil and gas potential, and its development is expected to increase in the coming decades. Estimates of polar bear resource selection will inform managers how bears use areas slated for oil development and to help guide conservation planning. We estimated temporally-varying resource selection patterns for non-denning adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Sea population (2008–2012) at two scales (i.e., home range and weekly steps) to identify factors predictive of polar bear use throughout the year, before any offshore development. From the best models at each scale, we estimated scale-integrated resource selection functions to predict polar bear space use across th...


This paper presents an assessment of machine-learned turbulence closures, trained for improving wake-mixing prediction, in the context of LPT flows. To this end, a three-dimensional cascade of industrial relevance, representative of modern LPT bladings, was analyzed, using a state-of-the-art RANS approach, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. To ensure that the wake originates from correctly reproduced blade boundary-layers, preliminary analyses were carried out to check for the impact of transition closures, and the best-performing numerical setup was identified. Two different machine-learned closures were considered. They were applied in a prescribed region downstream of the blade trailing edge, excluding the endwall boundary layers. A sensitivity analysis to the distance from the trailing edge at which they are activated is presented in order to assess their applicability to the whole wake affected portion of the computational domain and outside the training region. It is shown how the best-performing closure can provide results in very good agreement with the experimental data in terms of wake loss profiles, with substantial improvements relative to traditional turbulence models. The discussed analysis also provides guidelines for defining an automated zonal application of turbulence closures trained for wake-mixing predictions.


Milling Process Simulation is one of the important re search areas in manufacturing science. For the purpose of improving the prec ision of simulation and extending its usability, numerical algorithm is more and more used in the milling modeling areas. But simulative efficiency is decreasin g with increase of its complexity. As a result, application of the method is lim ited. Aimed at above question, high-efficient algorithm for milling process sim ulation is studied. It is important for milling process simulation's applicatio n. Parallel computing is widely used to solve the large-scale computation question s. Its advantages include system flexibility, robust, high-efficient computing capability and high ratio of performance to price. With the development of compu ter network, utilizing the computing resource in the Internet, a virtual computi ng environment with powerful computing capability can be consisted by microc omputers, and the difficulty of building hardware environment which is used to s upport parallel computing is reduced. How to use network technology and parallel algorithm to improve simulative effic iency for milling forces simulation is investigated in the paper. In order to pr edict milling forces, a simplified local milling forces model is used in the pap er. End milling cutter is assumed to be divided by r number of differential elem ents along the axial direction of the cutter. For a given time, the total cuttin g forces can be obtained by summarizing the resultant cutting force produced by each differential cutter disc. Divide the whole simulative time into some segmen ts, send these program's segments to microcomputers in the Internet and obtain the result of the program's segments, all of the result of program's segments a re composed the final result. For implementing the algorithm, a distributed Parallel computing framework is de signed in the paper. In the framework, web server plays a role of controller. Us ing Java RMI(remote method interface), the computing processes in computing serv er are called by web server. There are lots of control processes in web server a nd control the computing servers. The codes of simulative algorithm can be dynam ic sent to the computing servers, and milling forces at the different time are c omputed through utilizing the local computer's resource. The results that are ca lculated by every computing servers are sent to the web server, and composed the final result. The framework can be used by different simulative algorithm. Comp ared with the algorithm running single machine, the efficiency of provided algor ithm is higher than that of single machine.


In this paper, an intensive statistical analysis on the UK transmission power transformer historic reliability data is presented. It is shown that deriving the reliability of transformer at a certain age by simply calculating the hazard rate is inadequate, as the hazard rate in each age has a statistical range in which the confidence band width is related to the amount of the reliability data involved in that age. Since the post-mortem investigations on the failed units have verified that all failures up till now follow random failure mechanism, a general hazard rate of 0.27% with standard deviation of 0.03% has been derived for the UK transmission power transformers based on all the reliability data available. In term of data sufficiency, as supported by the hazard rate's confidence band analysis, only if the number of transformer at one age is more than 200 should the calculated hazard rate be reliable.


A 2nd year BTSA teacher, Sarah, called the county BTSA program director to ask how to complete the two-year Induction Program in four weeks. The program director explained that according to program records she had not fully participated in Year 1 and could not complete two years in four weeks. Sarah said that she had not participated in Year 1 because her BTSA support provider told her it wasn't important. Sarah was assured that the district portfolio required for all probationary teachers was more important than BTSA. The district portfolio was a requirement to keep her job. And since no one ever checked the BTSA box, the support provider urged her to throw away all the "the BTSA crap." But now Sarah was ready to finish induction quickly, because her district sent her a letter stating that to move from one salary column to another she would need to complete induction for a Professional Clear Credential. This would increase her annual income by approximately $3,800. Sarah was informed by the BTSA program director that she had received incorrect information and would have to complete the two-year program.


Stuxnet is a sophisticated worm designed to target only specific Siemens SCADA (industrial control) systems. It makes use of an unprecedented four 0-day vulnerabilitiesattacks that make use of a security vulnerability in an application, before the vulnerability is known to the application's developers. It also uses rootkits advanced techniques to hide itself from users and anti-malware software on both Windows and the control computers it targets. It employs two stolen digital certificates to sign its drivers, and its creators needed a large amount of knowledge of its targeted systems. See Figure 1 for an overview. It was discovered in June 2010, but an early version appeared a year earlier. It is widely suspected of targeting Iran's uranium enrichment program, since it is rather specific about what it attacks, and this matches the Iranian Natanz enrichment plant. One indication that Stuxnet targeted Iran's nuclear program is that it only targets facilities that have a certain specific physical layout. The layout of the centrifuges in a facility such as Natanz is called a cascade, and describes how the centrifuges are piped together; this is done in stages, and the centrifuges within one stage are piped in parallel. Iranian President Ahmadinejad visited Natanz on April 8, 2008, and photos of the visit were published on his website as a photo-op. In one of the photos (Figure 2) is what appears to be a monitor showing the structure of a so-called IR-1 (for Iran-1 centrifuge) cascade. This structure, giving the number of centrifuges in each stage, matches the Stuxnet code exactly. Iran's nuclear program launched in the 1950s with the Shah of Iran obtaining non weaponsrelated assistance from the United States' "Atoms for Peace" program. The program's inception was delayed because of the 1979 revolution and after that because of the Iran-Iraq war. However, Iran's new leaders were interested in continuing the nuclear program and started getting help from other countries to further it. In 2002, an Iranian opposition group publicly revealed two undeclared nuclear facilities, resulting in Iran admitting to having constructed facilities for fuel enrichment and heavy water production, ostensibly for use in research reactors. Iran suspended its plans in 2003 but resumed them in 2006 and insists that it has the right to establish its own uranium enrichment program. Iran maintains that its nuclear program is entirely peaceful. However, the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) insists that Iran does not comply with the safeguard program it has agreed to, resulting in various sanctions against Iran by the UN Security Council [9]. It is widely believed that Iran is in fact working toward producing nuclear weapons. Assuming that Stuxnet was intended to damage this suspected nuclear weapons program, it was somewhat effective: it may have destroyed 1,000 centrifuges at Natanz, about 11% of the total number installed at the time. Also, Iran doesn't have an unlimited number of centrifuges, and the ones they do have tend to fail relatively often, so such a decrease is significant, albeit not


Leptin resistance and obesity are associated with reduced leptin receptors and diminished maximal leptin signaling capacity; and leptin resistance confers increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. In essence, the augmented leptin accompanying obesity contributes to leptin resistance. Leptin resistance promotes further obesity, leading to a vicious cycle of escalating metabolic devastation.


Objective: To determine whether the impaired relaxation of skeletal muscle arterioles of rats on high‐salt diet or with reduced renal mass hypertension (RRM‐HT) represents intrinsic alterations to microvessels alone, or whether extravascular influences also contribute to reduced dilator responses.


Risk-oriented regulation of brokers is considered in the article. Its implementation helps to improve the quality of regulation and the development of the economy. Risk-based regulation of brokers in theory and practice faces the problem of a lack of indicators and risk assessment system. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop proposals for assessing the risks of brokers in regulation. The theoretical substantiation of the study is the approaches of smart and risk-oriented regulation. The method of comparative analysis, methods of description and interpretation, statistical analysis were used. The article identifies risk factors and their indicators based on the analysis of research, foreign and Russian regulatory experience. These indicators are divided into dynamic and constant. The study verifies, using binary logistic regressions, the actual impact of the developed indicators on the work of brokers. Thresholds are defined for dynamic metrics. Exceeding the threshold value indicates an increase in the risks of the broker's activities. The paper establishes significant indicators and develops a broker risk assessment model. The analysis revealed that some of the current standards do not affect the risks of brokers. Indicators and methods for calculating brokers' risks can be used by regulators, and the methodology for their development can be applied in other areas.


The dynamics of thermoresponsive and biocompatible gels was investigated using dynamic light scattering. The gels were copolymerized by two types of ethylene glycol methacrylates having short and long hydrophilic side chains consisting of ethylene oxide units. Their dynamics was decomposed to fast and slow modes. The critical temperature was determined from the fast mode (cooperative diffusion) and was controlled lineally by the copolymerization ratio of the two monomers, which is one of the advantages in the gel system. The formation mechanism of hydrophobic domains in the gels was investigated from the slow mode. The hydrophobic domains grew in the gels by rising temperature, and they were copolymerization ratio dependent. The domain formation was suppressed as the copolymerization ratio of the longer side chain was increased. The results of this study should lead to new design strategy for the bioapplications, including drug delivery systems that require a retention of their smart functions.


In aerospace engineering, seal is an important component of manned spacecraft life-support system. The pressurized tube sealing equipment is designed, and the experimental system of principle leak-rate of pressurized tube is built, and the experimental theory of the principle leak-rate of pressurized tube is carried out. The experimental results show that leak-rate of pressurized tube is related with the internal pressure of pressurized tube, and sealing ability can be adjusted by controlling the pressure in tube. And leak-rate of pressurized tube is involved with sealed pressure differential, and the bigger pressure differential is, the larger leak-rate becomes. And pressurized tube can fit for big structure transfiguration, which provides condition for lessening structural weight. And the pressurized tube can meet the demands of sealing of space station.


Background Both bronchial responsiveness (BR) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability are increased in asthma. PEF variability is presumed to reflect the degree of BR in asthma. BR is commonly assessed by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli.


Network analysis aids management in reducing overall expenditures and maintenance workload. Social media platforms frequently use neural networks to suggest material that corresponds with user preferences. Machine learning is one of many methods for social network analysis. Machine learning algorithms operate on a collection of observable features that are taken from user data. Machine learning and neural network-based systems represent a topic of study that spans several fields. Computers can now recognize the emotions behind particular content uploaded by users to social media networks thanks to machine learning. This study examines research on machine learning and neural networks, with an emphasis on social analysis in the context of the current literature.


The Internet is permeating the education sector as it becomes more informationized, which includes providing students with information to make learning and learning-related decisions easier. However, few studies have investigated how the information cocoon effect of the Internet and the social network (strong & weak ties) in sociology can influence students' choice of major. After combining and summarizing a number of literature, the research results show that the information cocoon effect and social networks can be combined, and a large number of weak ties can be found and utilized through the Internet itself to establish a social network, so as to obtain more diversified information to counter and break the information cocoon.


Since the reform and opening up,China's women's colleges and universities began to appear once again and development,and achieved remarkable results.Back through the sorting out and explained of women's colleges history,pointing out that the development of today women's colleges and universities already covered by a general undergraduate education,higher vocational education and adult education and many other types,including master's,undergraduate,junior education,non-diploma education and many other levels,all these fully reflected the stage of higher education popularity,the features of school types diversity.At the same time,to the new problems of the women's colleges and universities development,the article made recommendations and countermeasures.


We consider the problem of option pricing under stochastic volatility models, focusing on the two processes known as exponential Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and Stein-Stein. We show they admit the same limit dynamics in the regime of low fluctuations of the volatility process, under which we derive the expressions of the characteristic function and the first four cumulants for the risk neutral probability measure. This allows us to obtain a semi-closed form for European option prices, based on Lewis' approach. We deeply analyze the case of Plain Vanilla calls, being liquid instruments for which reliable implied volatility surfaces are available. We implement a conceptually simple two steps calibration procedure which considerably reduces the computational burden and we test it against a data set of options traded on the Milan Stock Exchange. Our results show a good agreement with the market data for all the considered models. In particular, the fitted parameters suggest the risk neutral dynamics is in a low volatility fluctuation regime, which supports the reliability of the linear approximation.


ABSTRACT American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) habitats are prone to saltwater intrusion following major storms, hurricanes or droughts. Anthropogenic impacts affecting hydrology of freshwater systems may exacerbate saltwater intrusion into freshwater habitats. The endocrine system of alligators is susceptible to changes in the environment but it is currently not known how the crocodilian physiological system responds to environmental stressors such as salinity. Juvenile alligators were exposed to 12‰ saltwater for 5 weeks to determine the effects of chronic exposure to saline environments. Following 5 weeks, plasma levels of hormones [e.g. progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, corticosterone, aldosterone (ALDO), angiotensin II (ANG II)] were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with freshwater-kept subjects, saltwater-exposed alligators had significantly elevated plasma levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, estrone and estriol whereas pregnenolone and ANG II were significantly depressed and ALDO levels were unchanged (slightly depressed). On the one hand, saltwater exposure did not affect gene expression of renal mineralocorticoid and glucorticoid and angiotensin type 1 (AT-1) receptors or morphology of lingual glands. On the other hand, saltwater exposure significantly reduced plasma glucose concentrations whereas parameters diagnostic of perturbed liver function (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and kidney function (creatinine and creatine kinase) were significantly elevated. Except for plasma potassium levels (K+), plasma ions Na+ and Cl− were significantly elevated in saltwater alligators. Overall, this study demonstrated significant endocrine and physiological effects in juvenile alligators chronically exposed to a saline environment. Results provide novel insights into the effects of a natural environmental stressor (salinity) on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and steroidogenesis of alligators. Summary: Exposure of juvenile American alligators to 12‰ saltwater significantly elevated androgens, progestogens and estrogens while reducing angiotensin II. Blood biochemistry parameters, diagnostic of impaired liver and kidney function, were elevated.


In 1976 Edward Mendelson introduced the terms encyclopedic narrative and encyclopedic novel in two articles on Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow and offered a definition that seems to be primarily geared toward totality. The history of the encyclopedia, however, shows a transition from the idea that everything can be encompassed to an awareness that the encyclopedia necessarily needs to be an open form. During the Enlightenment, Denis Diderot posited that every delineation always implies an exclusion of information. Consequently, the Encyclopedists of the Enlightenment transformed the image of the encyclopedia as a hierarchic totalizing tree into the encyclopedia as a network (ideally a rhizome) that contains a constant tension between totality and open-endedness. With this tension as its core characteristic, the encyclopedic narrative becomes useful as a generic designation and answers to the continuously expanding boundaries of text, data, and knowledge. The redefined encyclopedic novel can therefore be connected with more current forms of textuality, like hypertext and database.


A significant element impacting sealing performance is the existence of defects on the valve plate's sealing surface. On plates without defects, we run a static sealing test. On the five wedge gate valve plates with pit defects created on the sealing surface, we performed static sealing tests, sealing tests with switching, and thermal fatigue sealing tests. According to experimental findings, isolated pit defects, dense defects, and dispersed defects do not cause valve plate leakage to exceed JB/T8858 standards. There is no substantial correlation between media pressure, switching rates, and leakage rates. Wedge gate valve leakage rate dramatically increased during thermal fatigue conditions, and sealing performance and the number of valve switches under high pressure conditions are positively associated, with the higher the switching rate, the higher the leakage rate.


With the development of artificial intelligence, data-driven methods such as machine learning gradually become the focus of fault diagnosis research and engineering. Compared with the traditional methods, in the field of fault diagnosis, the data-driven method can automatically extract all kinds of state features reflecting the degradation or failure of the system. However, the engineering environment is complex and changeable. The ideal data samples are few, and the problem of less labelling is very common. This paper focuses on the application of the transfer learning method in fault diagnosis tasks, combined with the fault sensitivity analysis, to realize the efficient transfer of fault diagnosis knowledge. The experiments show that the method of fault sensitivity analysis combined with transfer learning can effectively expand the sample size and get better generalization performance. The combination of these two methods can effectively improve the reusability and universality of various fault diagnosis models.


A process for preparing steel-aluminium composition includes such steps as dipping the deforming Al-alloy in Sn (or Zn) solution for generating a layer of low-smelting-point antioxidizing metal film on its surface, coating a metallic transition layer not reacting on steel and Al on the surface of stainless steel, and hot pressing them in a vacuum hot extruding furnace. Its advantages are high electric conductivity and no generation of FeAl3.


The temperature dependences of SDH and LDH activities of skeletal muscle,liver and cardiac muscle in Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis were studied.The results showed that SDH activities of skeletal muscle,liver and cardiac muscle had the low activeness in the scope of 5~15℃,and the high activeness at 25℃.The optimum temperature for SDH might be 25℃ in three kinds of tissues.Except that,LDH activity of cardiac muscle in 35℃ above started to drop,and LDH activeness in other two kinds of tissues elevated along with the temperature rise.At the same time,SDH and LDH activities presented the specificity between tissues.In three kinds of tissues,SDH activity of cardiac muscle was higher than that of other two kinds of tissues,and LDH activity of skeletal muscle was higher than that of other liver and cardiac muscle.


The aim of this study is to give a compilation of the studies about how caffeine used to increase performance in sports affect performance in sports. For a long time, the relationship between caffeine consumption and performance has been examined and the results of experimental studies that report increased performance have been shared with the world of sports. Science experts and nutritionists working in the field of sports should review their relationship with caffeine and other ergogenic aids in improving athletic performance and present it to their athletes. This is a review of the important factors associated with caffeine performance and studies examining it. Coffee is the most consumed liquid in the world after water in terms of both daily life and sports performance. In this context, its effect on the human body has been found worth investigating for decades. The main factor underlying the cognitive, emotional and physical effect of coffee on the human body is that it contains caffeine. Studies have shown that caffeine positively affects athletic performance through biochemical mechanisms in the body. There have been serious studies on this subject recently. In addition, its relationship with other ergogenic aids is known to be important, and studies on this issue are inadequate and controversial, but research is ongoing. As a result, longterm studies have shown evidence of a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and athletic performance. In other words, caffeine contributes to increase athlete performance


From the Publisher:
This objective, referenced collection of over 300 articles will cover every aspect of medical devices and instrumentation in four volumes, totalling about 3,000 pages. The Encyclopedia will define the discipline by bringing together the core of knowledge from all the fields encompassed by the application of engineering, physics, and computers to problems in medicine. Some of the many areas covered will include: anaesthesiology; burns; cardiology; clinical chemistry and engineering; critical care medicine; dermatology; dentistry; endocrinology; genetics; gynecology; microbiology; oncology; pharmacology; psychiatry; radiology; surgery; and urology. Cross-references and index included.


The temperature control ways and methods of air conditioning room are introduced. And based upon analysis of the influences of indoor air computation parameters on thermal comfort calculation and building energy consumption one method is proposed to reduce energy consumption of air conditioning system through improving indoor temperature at a certain range of temperature and moisture.


From a mathematical model suggested by Vonnegut and Neubauer, relationships between droplet radius and charge to mass ratio are developed for electrohydrodynamically sprayed liquid particles. Under the assumption that an unstable liquid mass disrupts into equally sized and charged particles so that the system energy tends toward a minimum value, probability distributions of the charge‐to‐mass ratio and the droplet radius are derived as modified Maxwell—Boltzmann functions; such functions explain certain features of experimentally observed distributions. That charged droplet systems tend toward a minimum energy configuration is verfied by experimental evidence for Wood's metal, octoil, and glycerine.


The present study was performed during (2008&2009) in the apiary hybrid of the Faculty of Agriculture in AI-Azhar University in Naser City -Cairo. Two hybrid races of honeybee (Apis mellifera L) colonies were used, hybrid of Carniolan and Italian honeybees. The present work aimed to evaluate the differences between brood area, comb built, honey production and amount of pollen grains collected by two hybrid races at different months during 2008-2009. The measured sealed brood areas in honeybee colonies were recorded two hybrid races colonies and they were different through year months. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the mean weight of honey production between two hybrids ,Italian and Carniolan bees .While it not found significant differences between the mean amount of pollen grains collected by two hybrids races, at different months during 2008-2009 . Also the statistical analysis showed significant differences between the mean areas of comb built between two hybrids races.


The present study sought to test the global‐identity and local‐emotion processing hypothesis in face perception by examining emotional interference in face perception in children with high‐functioning autism/Asperger's syndrome. Participants judged either the expression or the identity of faces while identity/expression was either held constant or varied (Garner paradigm). The results revealed that emotional expressions interfered with identity processing in face perception for autism spectrum disorder individuals. Taken together with previous findings, our results suggest that emotion judgment mainly depends on local processing, while identity judgment mainly depends on global processing. Autism Res 2012, 5: 282–285. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Tourism,a new cross-frontier academic subject,is widely related to various scientific subjects.Its theoretical bases include wide spheres.Tourism research mainly involves in two broad fields,one is the necessary resource environment for tourist exploitation and tourist activities;and the other is the relationship between tourist managers,tourist operators,tourists and residents.Thus,theories of the "relationship between human being and nature" and the "relationship between human beings",or what we call "man-nature relationship" and "man-man relationship" theories come into being as the theoretical bases for tourist research.


Solid radioactive wastes have been managed at the Hanford Site since the early 1940's. Initially solid wastes were disposed of through shallow land burial. Later certain wastes were placed in below-grade areas designated as retrievable storage. Currently, contact-handled mixed wastes are placed in above-grade storage facilities. This paper presents a brief description of past, present, and future mixed waste activities at the Hanford Site. 5 refs., 11 figs.


Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Committee Report and Kothari Commission Report on Higher Education have clearly recognized the role and importance of libraries in academic institutions. Noticing the felt-need for library facilities and services, since the beginning. UGC has been providing huge funds for the development and modernization of university libraries in the country.


Electrical ionizers are frequently used in manufacturing areas to reduce the charge on nonconductive materials. A variety of ionizers are available on the market to satisfy the needs of manufacturers of static sensitive products. This paper investigates the electrical fields that are generated by steady-state DC and AC ionizing blower systems that are frequently used in disk drive manufacturing processes. An industry standard charged plate monitor, a low capacitance monitor, and discharge currents from a head-gimbal-assembly (HGA) are used to evaluate the ionization systems. Through this research, it was found that the standard CPM frequently used to evaluate ionization systems was inadequate in its response time to see transient fields generated by AC ionizers. In addition, most electrical ionization systems can drift sufficiently from a zero-volt offset to potentially create damage in very sensitive devices such as MR head assemblies.


Objective To study the complications of low extremities' fractures treated by Ender nails. Methods Open femoral fractures were treated by primary debridement, reduction and fixation. Closed fractures were reducted and fixed after repercassion. Results The complications during and after operations were unstabled fractures, nails plugged, ectopic exit, nails broken and so on. Conclusion The author discussed the reasons of the complications and pointed out how to prevent them.


Influences of racial identity states on inter-ethnic communication beliefs, attitudes, values and inter-ethnic communication culture and inter-ethnic communication the role of language in inter-ethnic communication non-verbal communication in inter-ethnic dyads inter-personal perception and inter-ethnic communication.


A fundamental problem in parallel and distributed discrete event simulation is to guarantee causal event ordering for each and every entity in the simulation system. A conservative synchronization algorithm CCT (critical channel traversing) has demonstrated, in an ATM network simulation, phenomenal performance unseen before. Some of the major factors that contribute to the performance are the ability of CCT to schedule simulation at the largest possible computation grains and the use of a set of lock-free concurrent control mechanisms. This paper presents the features and properties of CCT from the performance perspective. It also describes the concurrent control mechanisms that are designed to work with CCT to support fast simulation of large communication networks.


Shashi Deshpande has emerged on the Indian fictional scene in 1970 s. She has carved a niche for herself in the galaxy of Indian women novelists in English . The present paper entitled " Reduction of Gender Role ...." tries to explore the issues like gender discrimination and social conditioning of girl child .Woman has to conform to the norms in a patriarchal set up of family. But when she refuses to be , confronts uneasiness in the relationships . Saru and Jaya, reflect an emotional fracture of women on account of gender discrimination and male dominant social set up exist in the family. Women lose their rights, identity and sustainability which culminates in the symbolic reduction of their gendered balance.


Introduction Failure to restart anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication appropriately after achieving haemostasis following an upper gastrointestinal bleed (UGIB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and higher patient mortality1. This audit aimed to look at how long such medication was held for against NICE and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines2 which suggest aspirin should be continued immediately post-haemostasis and warfarin/direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) restarted after 7–15 days. Methods Electronic records were reviewed to identify all inpatient OGDs performed for suspected UGIB between 1st January and 31st December 2018 in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. Individual records were scrutinised to review the duration agents were held and whether a recurrent UGIB or cardiovascular event occurred within 90 days. Cases with no confirmed bleeding at endoscopy and low clinical suspicion of UGIB were excluded. Results There were 26 confirmed UGIB in patients taking aspirin, of which 6 (23%) had aspirin continued immediately post-haemostasis. Of the remaining 20 patients, only 9 (45%) had clear documentation as to why aspirin was stopped or held longer. There were 41 cases of UGIB in patients on anticoagulation (8 on warfarin, 33 on DOACs). In 12 cases a clear decision was documented to stop anticoagulation long-term. One patients' records were unavailable. In the remaining 28 patients, 6 (21%) had anticoagulation re-started at 7–15 days post haemostasis, while 14 (50%) had anticoagulation re-started earlier than this. Five patients had a further UGIB within 90 days, which was associated with age (80% over the age of 80) and early reintroduction of anticoagulation (40%). 80% of repeat bleeds occurred on rivaroxaban, consistent with data suggesting it may have a higher risk of GI bleeds in elderly patients.Abstract PTH-010 Figure 1 Days to restarting anticoagulation after achieving haemostasis Conclusions Every UGIB is unique and generic guidelines will not always apply for valid clinical reasons. However, failure to follow such guidelines when appropriate leads to an increased risk of adverse events and documentation of reasons for deviating from clinical guidelines is often inadequate. The introduction of a national GI bleed proforma to remind physicians of guidelines and allow clear documentation of decisions regarding anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication may improve compliance and reduce morbidity post-UGIB. References Radelli F, et al. Management of anticoagulation in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Digestive and Liver Disease 2015:621–627. Gralneck I, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: ESGE Guidelines. Endoscopy 2015;47:1–46.


Abstract Why do rock performers wear military uniforms? The motive is generally assumed to be 'transgressively subversive'. However, when looking more closely at particular performers and groups, this is found to be far from always the case in as much as motives include pride in being a veteran, nostalgia for a glorious past, attraction to uniform aesthetics, citing of previous iconic 'warriors of rock', finding a unique visual 'hook', reasserting national rock-cultural identity and/or waging uniformed 'warfare' between rock groups. Possible origins of 'rock-military style' are discussed along with its development in the social and cultural context of post-war era, focusing on the Anglo-American scene.


The paper introduces the concrete operation of a kind of management mode for the full range monitor with computer aid technique in production spot and its effect, and on basis of which puts forwards the idea for the more optimal mode.