Soil suctions can be found in all ground that lies above the water table. It is one of the most important parameters describing the moisture stress condition of unsaturated soils and laboratory measurements of suction can be very useful for assessing the quality of the samples, estimating the in situ effective stress and realistic applications of unsaturated soil mechanics. This paper reports on direct and indirect soil suction measurement methods. Direct suction measurement techniques mainly include axistransition technique, tensiometer and suction probe. Indirect suction measurement techniques are divided into three categories, namely, measurement techniques of matric suction, osmotic suction and total suction. Indirect matric suction measurement techniques include time domain reflectometry (TDR), electrical conductivity sensors , thermal conductivity sensor(TCS) and in-contact filter paper technique. Indirect osmotic suction measurement techniques chiefly include squeezing technique and saturation extract method. Indirect total suction measurement techniques include psychrometer technique, relative humidity sensor, chilled-mirror hygrometer technique and non-contact filter paper method. These techniques have been widely used in research laboratories and in engineering practice. However, each of these methods has its own limitations and disadvantages, and active research to improve these techniques need to be done in research laboratories and universities. This paper demonstrates working principles, measurement, and application of these methods based one recent literature and geotechnical engineering practice.


Complexation of a long flexible polyelectrolyte (PE) molecule with oppositely charged spherical particles such as colloids, micelles, or globular proteins in a salty water solution is studied. PE binds spheres winding around them, while spheres repel each other and form almost periodic necklace. If the total charge of PE in the solution is larger than total charge of spheres, repulsive correlations of PE turns on a sphere lead to inversion of the net charge of each sphere. In the opposite case when the total charge of spheres is larger, we predict another correlation effect; spheres bind to the PE in such a great number that they invert the charge of the PE. The inverted charge by absolute value can be larger than the bare charge of PE even when screening by monovalent salt is weak. At larger concentrations of monovalent salt, the inverted charge can reach giant proportions. Near the isoelectric point where total charges of spheres and PE are equal, necklaces condense into macroscopic bundles. Our theory ...


CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the regulation of cell-specific gene expression mainly in hepatocytes and adipocytes but also in several other terminally differentiated cells. It has been previously demonstrated that the C/EBPα protein is functionally indispensable, as inactivation of the C/EBPα gene by homologous recombination in mice results in the death of animals homozygous for the mutation shortly after birth (Wang, N., Finegold, M. J., Bradley, A., Ou, C. N., Abdelsayed, S. V., Wilde, M. D., Taylor, L. R., Wilson, D. R., and Darlington, G. J. (1995) Science 269, 1108-1112). Here we show that C/EBPα −1−mice have defects in the control of hepatic growth and lung development. The liver architecture is disturbed, with acinar formation, in a pattern suggestive of either regenerating liver or pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma. Pulmonary histology shows hyperproliferation of type II pneumocytes and disturbed alveolar architecture. At the molecular level, accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and adipose tissues is impaired, and the mutant animals are severely hypoglycemic. Levels of c-myc and c-jun RNA are specifically induced by several fold in the livers of the C/EBPα −/− animals, indicating an active proliferative stage. Furthermore, immunohistologic detection with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin shows a 5-10 times higher frequency of positively stained hepatocytes in C/EBPα −/− liver. These results suggest a critical role for C/EBPα in vivo for the acquisition of terminally differentiated functions in liver including the maintenance of physiologic energy homeostasis.


We propose D3PicoNet, which allows network deployers to quickly complete realistic indoor site surveys at D-band (mmWave) frequency. D3PicoNet models the mmWave reflection profile of a given environment, considering the primary reflecting objects. It then utilizes this model to identify places that optimize the efficiency of the reflectors. D3PicoNet understands an environment and deploys D-band picocells at such locations that picocells provide coverage with Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) paths when Line-of-Sight (LoS) is obstructed. The core module of D3PicoNet is a deep learning network that learns the relationship between the visual depth images to the mmWave signal reflection profiles and can accurately predict signal reflection profiles at any unobserved location, which allows D3PicoNet to find the best deployment locations maximizing the coverage and data rate with a minimum number of picocells in an environment. We implement and evaluate D3PicoNet on two buildings with multiple indoor environments. D3PicoNet can adapt to new environments, allowing it to be used in other indoor environments with minimal adjustments.


Large forces accommodated without increasing weight of helicopter structure. New mechanism yields stiffer control and improves accuracy of pitch changes under load. As result, heavy casting not for gearbox, nor extra reinforcing members needed for fuselage bulkheads, stringers, skin, and other parts. In new mechanism, reaction forces developed in rotor hub. Long load paths to gearbox and fuselage elminated. Reaction member rigidly attached to hub and rotates with it. At lower end of reaction member, bearing forms bridge to fuselage through stationary beam and antirotation link. Beam connected to reaction plate through rods.


Syncretism's varying connotations have become sedimented within the word over time. To unearth the perceived challenges around syncretism, the chapter studies the word's history up to the early twentieth century—its use, how it has been deployed, about whom, and for what ends. The word "syncretism" has been used to reconcile opposing factions, neutrally describe religious mixture, and disparage religious mixture. In Christian circles, the term's pejorative turn came only recently, in the early twentieth century. This shift relates to wider fears among Christians during this period as Christianity spread in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These fears relate to two key themes, revelation and race.


Objective: To determine whether providing corrective health information can reduce the tendency of consumers to believe that the implied marketing message that two "potentially reduced exposure products" (PREPs) are safer than regular cigarettes. Design: Face-to-face interviews with smokers assigned to one of four conditions, which varied in terms of the presence or absence of health information that qualified claims made in advertising for two PREPs. Subjects: A convenience sample of 177 smokers in Boston area. Interventions: Health information detailed the extent to which exposure to toxins and health risks of the brands were unknown. Main outcome measures: Respondents' assessments of the health risks and toxicity of the two combustible PREPs, Advance and Eclipse. Results: The health information had a modest but significant effect on ratings of health risk, and reduced perceptions that switching to the new brands would lower a smoker's risk of cancer (OR 0.75; p<0.05). The health information had no effect on perceptions of toxicity. Conclusions: A small dose of corrective information was effective in tempering smokers' perceptions. A higher dose of public health campaigns would be needed to affect misperceptions likely to follow a full-scale tobacco marketing effort.


Introduction As my colleague Dr. Loba-Mkole puts it, postcolonialism and courtesy demand that I put my cards on the table. I am a white, European, male translation consultant specialising in Hebrew language and Islamic audiences, and have worked for various periods for Wycliffe-SIL, NBTOs, a national Bible Society, and UBS, mostly in Ghana, Nigeria, Chad, and Burundi. For four years I lived in a "mud" house in a remote village. Now I live in a large city. But I have never in my years in Bible translation lived in places with high levels of literacy, general education, or mains power supply. In the discussions over Adapt It technology in early 2007, I equally opposed both the Adapt It advocates' promotion of this rather explicit form of "secondary translation," and some Adapt It opponents' non-collaborative and even rather rude reactions to it. The latter concern has been well-addressed by the highly collaborative and polite volume 62.2 of The Bible Translator, coedited by the international translation coordinators of both SIL and UBS. The former was addressed in part by that volume (Carl Gross and Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole), but having, like Elihu in the book of Job, first waited for my seniors to speak, I would now like to add a word.


Objective To investigate the application and effect of problem-based learning ( Problem-based learning,PBL ) pedagogy in theoretical teaching of pediatric nursing.Methods The two nursing classes in the same grade were selected respectively as a control group of 62 people and research group of 62 people.Traditional pedagogy was taken in control group to give lessons for theory pediatric nursing,while PBL pedagogy was taken in research group to give lessons ftr theory pediatric nursing.At the end of the semester,students' scores in theory exam,practice exam and case care were analyzed by using t tests.Results The results of the two groups of students were compared,with t value 4.96 of the theoretical results,t value 5.312 of the experimental results,t value 8.06 of the case study,and P <0.05 in three items,suggesting statistically significant difference.Conclusions PBL pedagogy can raise nursing students' learning interest in the theory of pediatric nursing,and improve teaching effect on theory of pediatric nursing.

Key words:
Pediatric nursing teaching; Problem-based learning; Theory results


A method for force and / or torque control of robotic systems, wherein said robot system comprises a robot, a connected to the robot tool having a tool center point (TCP), which is the part of the tool to which the object to be controlled contact is to take place, a robot controller having a position interface determined for the output of a robot internally actual position x, and at least one sensor to detect forces and moments that are exerted on the tool, said one or more compliances between the robot and the tool center point in the robot and / or in the environment is or are arranged, with the following steps: 1. setting a task with a target movement of the robot and the desired forces and / or desired torques to be exerted by the tool onto a workpiece, 2. Performing the following task with a loop-forming sub-steps: i) determining a fictitious target vector distance i1) determining the deflections of the compliances, wherein the predetermined desired forces and / or desired torques are reached, i2) transform of the determined in step i1) deflections to the fictitious target distance vector s ii) determining a fictitious vectorial distance s between the tool center point and a contact point between the tool and the workpiece from displacements of elasticities, corresponding to the forces and moments detected by the sensor, iii) determining the nominal position x wherein the actual position x is adjusted to the target position x being performed after step 1 and / or during step 2, the following intermediate step prior to step 1: a) determining the stiffness of the compliances and non-linear coupling in the robot system of recognized at different deflections of the compliances sensor data.


The traffic condition in collection countries like India on urban road cause major problem .The high increase in range of vehicles on road and increasing urbanization results in drawback of congestion, thatmore results in complication and hazard on the cities road . Thirumazhisai junction already suffering in terms of infrastructure still as operational efficiencies . Considering the regulation and infrastructure gap on town road this paper 1st describe the issue inflicting the congestion on town road and that time gift some suggestion live like rationalize the planning of road, implementation the regulation for road users. 1.INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion has become a heavy drawback in several cities, particularly in giant cities. so as to alleviate traffic congestions, and improve the amount of service and efficiencies of urban transportation, advanced control and management strategies became effective and customary approaches. Evaluating traffic jam levels of road networks is very important for traffic management and management, since it might permit the corresponding agencies associate accurately and clearly grasping of network traffic operation standing together with theinformation of location and time for full roads. Therefore, it's necessary to guage traffic jam things for urban road traffic networks exploitation applicable analysis measures. In present, there's no unified and glued analysis live for evaluating traffic operation conditions. In fact, there area unit varied analysis measures in numerous regions. a substantial range of studies have explored the urban traffic state in numerous ways that exploitation the one valuation indicator e.g. travel speed and period of time that may be directly obtained through the loop detector, GPS, video, etc. Jia et al. calculable urban traffic state exploitation vehicle average travel speed, considering resident travel characteristics and road network capacities. traffic congestion analysis index system and therefore the car rate distributions for analyzing congestion characteristics. acknowledged the advantage of period of time for measurement transportation network performance, and more mentioned the strategies of collection period of time and speed knowledge. parliamentarian et al. compared period of time and travel distance, mentioned the influence of assorted indicators on congestion quantification, and eventually given a congestion classification methodology supported period of time from the attitude of travellers . According to previous studies, each the vehicle speed, as one analysis index and combination with different factors to create a comprehensive indicator area unit necessary approaches to guage the traffic state. during this paper, the speed performance index, shaped by the typical travel speed and therefore the most permissible road speed, was hand-picked because the traffic state classification indicator and therefore the traffic state was outlined into four classes. supported the speed performance, this paper projected road section and network congestion indexes to assess urban road network traffic jam. The projected indexes area unit straightforward and may be simply used for urban traffic management and management. 2.TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements, and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location. These data can help identify critical flow time periods, determine the influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, or document traffic volume trends. The length of the sampling period depends on the type of International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 2719-2726 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/


This paper describes the experiences at a medium-sized public teaching university in establishing an Academic Computing Center distinct from an existing Administrative Data Processing Center. The computer facilities were provided by a multi-institution time-sharing network. The steps involved and the lessons learned are presented as a case study which may be helpful to others considering this change.


As the number of mobile devices grows exponentially, it is critical to design a robust access scheme that can handle a large number of devices with low latency. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an effective approach to meet such requirements that can provide higher spectral efficiency. As an extended version, cooperative NOMA has been introduced, where the users with higher channel gains forward signals for users with weak channel gains as cooperators. The conventional cooperative NOMA (CCN) technique can provide diversity gains, which can be used to improve reliability. However, in CCN, the overhead caused by successive interference cancellations (SIC) at each user may become significant, when there exist a massive number of users, which eventually degrades the performance of NOMA considering the power and computational resource limitations of mobile devices. As an alternative, the space-time block-coded NOMA (STBC-NOMA) has been proposed to achieve diversity gain with lower SIC overhead compared to CCN. To better evaluate it, in this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect channel state information (ipCSI), which is more realistic in real-time processing. We dervie the closed-form expression of the outage probability of STBC-NOMA with ipCSI and compare its performance with CCN and conventional NOMA.


As design thinking and design competence become more sought after across society and globally, there appears to be a need to develop strategies and good practice in delivering learning and teaching in design to more diverse groups of learners. The current publicity and debate on Design Thinking has highlighted new opportunities and challenges in terms of the context and content of Design Competence, and because the learners range from non-design students to industry leaders and politicians. This paper discusses and disseminates a new teaching programme in Design and Innovation for year 3 (final year) students of Production Engineering at University College, Bergen, Norway, and the development of a new framework for design practice within Wartsila Industrial Operations (WIO) at Fitjar, Norway. Lessons learned and possible directions for future development will also be discussed.


The determination of precision uncertainty is described for experiments where the test measurements are obtained from single readings or from a limited number of independent readings. For these cases, the limits of precision uncertainty are best determined from previous experience based on larger sample sizes over the full range of variations that occur for a specific test. We describe the appropriate procedures to determine the limits of precision uncertainty based on previous experience for small sample experiments. A Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to model the experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of using the precision uncertainty to determine the range that covers the true test result


A charity fundraiser has been inspired to take on two extreme sporting challenges in as many months after three members of her family were diagnosed with ...


Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke-Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK; The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia


Abstract In chloride media, chloropalladium(II) species are adsorbed onto tannin gel particles through an inner-sphere redox reaction mechanism containing the intermediate step, formation of a ligand-substituted Pd(II)-tannin complex. In this Pd(II) adsorption process, it was observed that the adsorption rate can be increased by introducing Br−, a softer ligand than Cl−, into the aqueous chloride solution. The formation of mixed-ligand palladium(II) complexes accelerates the rate of ligand-substitution reactions with the hydroxyl groups of tannin gel by the trans effect. The adsorption condition can be optimized by controlling the [Brtot]/[Cltot] ratio, in which the predominant Pd(II) species are bromo-chloro palladium(II) complexes, the favorable species for the trans effect.


Our school does not practice giving awards for each activity. However, inexpensive letters are given for participation in athletics. This letter can be earned only by demonstrating competence in athletics for a period of two years. Sweaters are sometimes presented to the coaches and to the graduating members of the athletic teams. In addition to letters and sweaters, the Sports Club of our high school presents a trophy each year to the most valuable player in each of


AIM To determine the tumorigenic potential of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell malignantly transformed by thiotepa(BEAS TE) and cyclophosphamide(BEAS CP) in nude mice. METHODS The BEAS TE/BEAS CP cells selected from agarose (BEAS STE/BEAS SCP) were expanded and xenotransplanted into 3 4 week old nude mice. The immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell(BEAS 2B) which can not form foci in agarose was used as control. RESULTS Twenty six weeks after transplantation, 5 of 6 nude mice injected with BEAS STE cells and 1 out of 6 nude mice injected with BEAS SCP cells developed tumors, while no tumor was formed in the six control animals. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin and vimentin of the tumor tissues indicated that the tumors were carcinosarcoma in nature. CONCLUSION The immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells malignantly transformed by thiotepa/cyclophosphamide have the tumorigenic potential in nude mice.


Book review of C. Raj Kumar's Corruption and Human Rights in India: Comparative Perspectives on Transparency and Good Governance. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011.


ABSTRACT The paper reports a study of Clean Development Mechanism implementation in landfills in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CDM is supposed to promote sustainable development through projects of GHG emission reductions. This analysis focuses on the power relationships behind the socio-political process of adopting the mechanism in landfills where emissions have been reduced by the breakdown of biodegradable waste. Sociological concepts such as 'ecological practices'; 'market' and 'environmental justice' were used for the analysis. CDM's neoliberal traits combined with local economic interests that shape the waste management domain in Rio can affect the mechanism's capacity to promote local social-environmental progress.


A rare, osteoclastoma‐like giant cell tumor developed in the macronodular cirrhotic liver of an 87‐year‐old man. Histogenetically, the tumor was considered to be of reticuloendothelial cell (Kupffer cell) origin. A brief review of the literature concerning the extraosseous giant cell tumors is included in this report.


A growing body of research has emphasized the linkage between performance in immediate serial recall of lists, nonword repetition, and word learning. Recently, it has been reported that primacy and recency effects are obtained in repetition of individual syllables within nonwords (Gupta, in press). Five experiments examined whether such within-nonword primacy and recency effects are attributable to common sequencing mechanisms that are shared with immediate list recall. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the primacy and recency effects are not simply due to greater morphological salience at the beginnings/endings of nonwords, and that the serial position effects generalize to different stimuli and across a variety of stimulus lengths. Experiment 3 indicated that the primacy and recency effects are similar to those obtained in list recall. Experiments 4 and 5 examined alternative hypotheses for the observed serial position effects, concluding that the alternative hypotheses fail to account for the obtained pattern of results. These results provide support for the common sequencing mechanisms hypothesis. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the relationship between list recall and nonword repetition, and in terms of broader issues in word learning. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


ABSTRACT During flood irrigation, the physical and chemical properties of the soil change to some extent, and then alter the content and fraction of soil Se. At present, soil properties and the process of Se migration and transformation during flood irrigation are not fully understood. This study used indoor simulation experiments to analyze the variation of the soil Se fraction with time and its relationship with the variations in soil physical and chemical properties during flooding. It also explored the migration characteristics of Se in soil during irrigation, and proposed suggestions for the development of Se-rich agriculture. The results showed that residual Se, humic acid-bound Se, and strongly organic-bound Se were the main fractions of soil Se, accounting for, on average 35.3%, 20.3%, and 27.6% of the total Se. Flood irrigation could accelerate the loss of Se in soil, decrease the bioavailability of soil Se, and the content of water-soluble and ion-exchangeable Se decreased from nearly 8.0% to 5.0% of total Se. As such, it is necessary to rationally develop and utilize Se-rich land resources to ensure the sustainable development of healthy agricultural production.


Novel therapeutic agents that differentially modulate immune responses are needed to boost protective immunity against infections and neoplasms and conversely, to suppress inappropriate immune reactions responsible for allergic and autoimmune disorders and the rejection of transplanted organs. One major concept that has guided the search for such agents asserts the existence of at least two types of CD4+ helper T-cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, that differ in their pattern of cytokine production and govern different arms of the immune response. Th1 cells produce IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-β and are involved in cell-mediated immune responses that are beneficial in host-defence against intracellular pathogens and malignant cells, but detrimental in mediating autoimmunity. Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13, which augment antibody responses, including IgE production, and protect against helminth infestations but also cause allergy and asthma. Moreover, Th1 and Th2 responses are mutually antagonistic, such that they normally exist in equilibrium and cross-regulate each other. Alterations of this equilibrium are thought to underlie the etiopathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases. By selectively targeting either one of these two types of polarised responses, it may therefore, be possible to achieve desired therapeutic effects without broad alterations of the immune system. The various strategies proposed in the patent literature of the last three years to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance are reviewed here. These include procedures that affect the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells, their production of effector cytokines and the activity of these cytokines. A profusion of new molecular targets for pharmacologic development has been identified and some attempts at therapeutic manipulation of Th1 and Th2 responses in clinical trials have been encouraging, while others have been disappointing. The emerging notion that Th1 and Th2 responses are themselves controlled by another category of T-cells, called regulatory T-cells, has offered further opportunities for immunotherapeutic intervention in autoimmunity and allergy.


This study presents a highly efficient electric steering system as a modern solution for improving the ground operations of modern aircraft powered by main engines. The system was investigated using steering profiles for takeoff and landing. The study determined the effectiveness of its use for steering. The influence of external factors and the change of parameters of the electromechanical system of wheel with an elastic tire were investigated. The results of modeling the dynamic processes of an electromechanical system containing elastic links in the conditions of parametric perturbations confirmed the robust stabilization of dynamic control quality indicators based on the laws of fuzzy logic.


The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of second order (?,?)-invex function for continuous case and apply it to discuss the duality
 relations for a class of multiobjective variational problem. Weak, strong
 and strict duality theorems are obtained in order to relate efficient
 solutions of the primal problem and its second order Mond-Weir type
 multiobjective variational dual problem using aforesaid assumption. A
 non-trivial example is also exemplified to show the presence of the proposed
 class of a function.


Fibers containing nonlinear optical material have large interaction length. Therefor it is possible to use small amounts of nonlinear material in the fiber and obtain large nonlinear effects. One of the easiest methods of placing a nonlinear material into a fiber is to surround the core of the fiber with a thin cylinder of nonlinear optical materials. We investigate such a fiber in this paper.


This paper discussion the designing of UWB (ultra wideband) wireless sensor network (WSN) location measure, traditional GPS position estimation is not suitable due to cost, so a improved TOA (time of arrival) estimation which based on Adaptive Noise Cancellation method is proposed in order to design a low-calculation and high precision estimation algorithm. Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) system was used to counteract input noise and Maximum Energy Selection estimate the maximum energy block. The simulation results show that the proposed method reached higher precision than traditional energy detection based non-coherent method, while largely decreases the computational complexity compared to the match-filtering based coherent method.


Integrating social hierarchy and cross-cultural psychology research, we investigate whether the magnitude of the relationship between perceived status and power varies with cultural orientation. We...


Addition reactions of alcohols to olefins were catalyzed by hydrophobic vitamin B12 derivatives under aerobic irradiation conditions at the room temperature range. Ethyl vinyl ether, 1-pentene, and cyclohexene were adopted as olefins, while heptamethyl methylaquacobyrinate perchlorate and heptamethyl cyanoaquacobyrinate perchlorate were used as the starting complexes. Heptamethyl cobyrinate, which was generated from heptamethyl methylaquacobyrinate perchlorate by aerobic photolysis, is an appropriate catalyst for investigation of the reaction mechanism because the alkylated complex having the cobalt–carbon σ-bond, the reaction intermediate, has a long lifetime sufficient for its identification in the dark. On the other hand, heptamethyl cyanocobyrinate, which was derived from heptamethyl cyanoaquacobyrinate, is superior to heptamethyl cobyrinate as the catalyst for the addition reaction. The reaction proceeds via light-promoted decomposition of the alkylated complex, and the catalyst is regenerated upon a...


Chapter 1: Introduction and Scope of Study Chapter 2: Osteochondroma (Osteocartilaginous Exostosis) Chapter 3: Chondroma Chapter 4: Benign Chondroblastoma Chapter 5: Chondromyxoid Fibroma Chapter 6: Chondrosarcoma (Primary, Secondary, Dedifferentiated, and Clear Cell) Chapter 7: Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Chapter 8: Osteoma Chapter 9: Osteoid Osteoma Chapter 10: Osteoblastoma (Giant Osteoid Osteoma) Chapter 11: Osteosarcoma Chapter 12: Parosteal Osteosarcoma (Juxtacortical Osteosarcoma) Chapter 13: Fibrosarcoma and Desmoplastic Fibroma Chapter 14: Benign and Atypical Fibrous Histiocytoma Chapter 15: Malignant (Fibrous) Histiocytoma Chapter 16: Myeloma Chapter 17: Malignant Lymphoma of Bone Chapter 18: Ewing Tumor Chapter 19: Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma) Chapter 20: Malignancy in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Chapter 21: Chordoma Chapter 22: Benign Vascular Tumors Chapter 23: Angiosarcoma and Hemangiopericytoma Chapter 24: "Adamantinoma" of Long Bones Chapter 25: Miscellaneous Unusual Tumors of Bone Chapter 26: Conditions That Commonly Simulate Primary Neoplasms of Bone Chapter 27: Odontogenic and Related Tumors


Objective:To study whether the autoantibodies against α 1 adrenoceptors and AT 1 receptors are related to cerebral stroke caused by hypertension.Methods:The peptides from the second extracellular loop α 1 adrenoceptors and AT 1 receptors were synthesized and used as the antigens to detect the autoantibodies of sera which come from 281 cerebral stroke patients with hypertension and 281 normotensives by ELISA.Results:The positive rates of the autoantibodies against AT 1 receptors and α 1 adrenoceptors in the hypertension group ( 45.6 % and 34.5 %) were significantly higher than those in the normotensives group ( 9.3 % and 6.8 %, respectively)(P 0.01 ). The positive rates of the autoantibodies against AT 1 receptors and α 1 adrenoceptors have no significantly difference among the subgroups of cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction and cerebral haemorrhage and the subgroups categorized according to the time of stroke attack.Conclusion:The frequency of the autoantibodies against AT 1 receptors and α 1 adrenoceptors are markedly increased in patients with cerebral stroke caused by hypertension, and these autoantibodies might be not producted from stroke attack, but from hypertension.


Recent years have seen the rise of a remarkable partnership between social and computational sciences around the phenomena of emotions. Rallying around the term Affective Computing, this research can be seen as revival of the cognitive science revolution of the '50s and '60s, albeit garbed in the cloak of affect, rather than cognition (e.g., see Picard, 1997; K. R. Scherer, Banziger, & Roesch, 2010). Aylett and Paiva are clearly in the vanguard of this enterprise, but they should be seen in the context of many related efforts struggling to reconcile socio-emotional theories with the rigorous of computational modeling. In this commentary, I'd like to address this broader undertaking and will argue that the field has much to learn by revisiting the original motives and lessons behind the cognitive science revolution. Specifically, I will summarize the arguments made by Herb Simon in his seminal book The Sciences of the Artificial and argue for their continued relevance for both computational and psychological research on emotion.


Abstract This paper compares three methods commonly used to extract fossil phytoliths from sediments. A basic procedure using heavy liquid flotation and oxidation is compared with two other procedures across a range of sediment types commonly encountered in archaeological studies. The three procedures are: (1) a heavy liquid flotation method (HLF); (2) a burning method (POW); and (3) another heavy liquid flotation method (HLFPol) similar to HLF, but adapted to allow the extraction of pollen and spores as well as phytoliths, within a single process. Comparisons of the resulting output using these three techniques for phytolith extraction show that different methods can produce different results, and therefore basic techniques should be modified according to the characteristics of the sediments for which they are used. While all the techniques showed similarities in assemblage results, there were problems associated with disaggregation and effective separation of light and heavy fractions, in particular with the POW procedure. The evidence suggests that morphotype selection occurred both within the physical sorting process and in the process of inverting slides to shed excess residue; in both cases it is difficult to suggest a solution to the problem. The results show clearly that the advantages gained by using the POW procedure are largely outweighed by the problems encountered with its use, and because of possible size/shape selection, it is not recommended for general extraction procedures. The heavy liquid flotation procedures, on the other hand, are shown to produce more concentrated residues with higher levels of clarity and less potential than the POW procedure for sample bias. The use of a non-toxic heavy liquid, sodium polytungstate, now allows the process to be used in relative safety. It is recommended that analysts use heavy liquid flotation procedures with chemical treatments specific to sediment requirements.


Summary Zombies have become an increasingly common figure in contemporary cultural landscapes around the world and South Africa is no exception. While scholars have tended to shy away from engaging with post-apocalyptic zombie fiction, this has started to change as it became apparent that these texts offer rich possibilities for exploring alternative constructions of gender and sexuality. In the aftermath of an apocalypse, most forms of social organisation and ideological constructions are decimated and survivors are able to imagine new ways of constructing sexual and gender identities as they go about reconstituting their social worlds. By means of a feminist literary analysis of Lily Herne's Deadlands (2011) and Death of a Saint (2012), this article explores whether these zombie texts successfully capitalise on the post-apocalyptic social ruptures in terms of their representations of gender and sexuality. It emerges that, although the texts do suggest alternative constructions, they also reinscribe and reify traditional patriarchal and heteronormative binaries.


Stage radiosensitivity and DNA synthesis were studied in x-irradiated human kidney cells by means of thymidine-3 H labeling and autoradiography. The frequency of diplochromosomes tends to decrease,...


Leg-wheel architectures for locomotion systems offer many advantages, not the least of which is reconfigurability of wheel-axle with respect to the chassis. Thus, locomotion systems with multiple leg-wheels now permit enormous reconfigurability of the chassis frame with respect to the ground frame. We seek to systematically exploit this ability to reconfigure within this highly-redundant system to enhance contact kinematics i.e., reducing the slippage and improving traction forces at wheel-ground interfaces. In addition, reconfiguration can also be used to mitigate undesirable system-level effects (such as judder) and lead to greatly improved estimation for navigation. In this paper, we examine a systematic analytical approach to the modeling, analysis and reconfiguration of articulated leg-wheel systems, to enhance both traction as well as stability-margin, while navigating over rough-terrains. The derivations will also be specialized to a particular example of an ultra-mobile actively-articulated vehicle to illustrate the developed procedure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This article distills a discussion about the goals, mechanisms, and effects of three environments which aim to support the acquisition and development of computing concepts (problem solving and programming) in pre-University and non-technical students: Alice, Greenfoot, and Scratch. The conversation started in a special session on the topic at the 2010 ACM SIGCSE Symposium on Computer Science Education and continued during the creation of the resulting Special Issue of the ACM Transactions on Computing Education.


Lepore and Stone (2015) focus on two theoretically useful notions of meaning: conventional meaning and speaker meaning. For Lepore and Stone (2015, ch.14), the former consists of our mutual expectations about how language is used—conventions—to make ideas public. The latter consists in ideas that are made public by virtue of the speaker's basic intentions in speaking (Lepore and Stone 2015, ch.13). This essay argues that there is a third, more basic notion of meaning I call significance. The significance of an utterance is not reducible to the content it makes mutual, because it is partly based on the private commitments speakers have when they make utterances and the private commitments hearers form on the basis of utterances. More specifically, significance is the private speaker commitments and hearer effects, which explain why utterances of a given type are reproduced in a population of agents (Millikan 2005). This leads to an approach that differs from Lepore and Stone (2015) in the treatment of non-conventional interpretive effects, speech acts, and deception.


This deliverable gives a detailed language specification of a data-parallel programming language for shared virtual memory systems. In addition to data parallelism, SVM-Fortran supports task parallelism. The language provides features for locality optimization that are extensions of the HPF template concept. Based on the system-provided global address space in SVM systems, a less restrictive concept can be implemented, i.e. it is not the compilers task to analyze array references. Unlike templates in HPF, SVM-Fortran templates are used for work distribution, e.g. scheduling parallel loops. The advantage of this design is that the computation of the schedule based on the distribution is much cheaper than computing the work distribution based on a reference to a distributed array as it has to be done in HPF. This is especially true for irregular distributions. This deliverable also describes the compile time and run time techniques applied in the implementation of SVM-Fortran on the Intel Paragon.


In this publication, Protiviti shares its experiences in establishing a segregation of duties policy and framework, which are pillars of governance, risk, and compliance (GRC). It also defines concepts and practices for implementing and monitoring policy compliance within applications. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) defines segregation of duties (SOD) as follows: "Dividing or allocating tasks among various individuals making it possible to reduce the risks of error and fraud." For example, a manager who authorizes the granting of loans should not also be in charge of customer account maintenance or perform the receipt of cash. According to this definition and example, the objective of SOD is to reduce risk by dividing operational and monitoring responsibilities, thus implementing mandatory checks and balances of critical activities. It may also prevent leaks of confidential information. Thus, SOD management becomes an important internal control mechanism to all organizations. In practice, SOD controls are based on a procedure or process for authorizing or preventing access to various computer applications that support business operations. This procedure is often derived from an existing corporate policy. The goal of this publication is to define and outline key concepts and steps required to implement and monitor a SOD policy within an application.


Four types of typical discrete Choice Models: Multinomial logit (MNL) model, Nested logit (NL)model, Heteroscedastic Extreme Value (HEV)Model and Mixed logit model, have been proposed and implemented in empirical investigations, although there is no universally acknowledged using principle. Here we report study to test this type of models in a travel mode choice case. We implemented four models calibration using software programmed by ourselves. We found that if sample data satisfied with IIA property, our experience has confirmed that MNL is the first choice in mode split forecasting. The nested logit model and Heteroscedastic Extreme Value (HEV)Model are not significantly better than the multinomial logit model. Mixed logit model corrects IIA flaw, but is somewhat more difficult to estimate.


We address the problem of handling names in distributed systems made of mobile processes. We equip processes with local environments. Our SOS operational semantics handles these environments so that captures of names are never possible. Essentially, our semantics includes the speciication of a distributed name manager that conservatively extends standard operational semantics. Also it simpliies the speciication of local as well as global garbage collectors. Bisimulation-based equivalences can be checked on our transition systems, yielding the same equivalence relations based on standard interleav-ing semantics. Finally, we show that our development scales up smoothly to higher-order calculi.


Stevie Smith, one of the most productive of twentieth-century poets, is too often remembered simply as the coiner of the four-word punch line of a single short poem. This paper argues that her claim to be seen as a great writer depends on the major themes which—in addition to "death by water"—she shares with T.S. Eliot: Anglicanism and the modern reworking of classical literature, with a strong, and in her case sometimes autobiographical, emphasis on female protagonists. Where the female figures in Eliot's The Waste Land are seen as parodic and diminished contemporary versions of their classical originals, Smith enters and reimagines her classical sources, testing the strength of the narrative material which binds Phèdre, Antigone, Persephone and Helen of Troy to their fates. In contrast to Eliot's adult conversion to Anglo-Catholicism, Smith became a convert to agnosticism, engaging in a passionate poetic argument with the faith of her childhood, which led her to challenge Eliot himself. She brings both of these themes together in the most personal of her poems, which celebrate, and ultimately invoke, Thanatos, "the only god/Who comes as a servant", and who puts a merciful end to all stories by "scattering... the human pattern altogether".


Extending previous work of three of the authors [3], this study assumes that parties playing tit-for-tat in labor negotiations (modeled as Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma) may have different probabilities of misperceiving one another's moves. Also, the probability of misperceiving a friendly move may be greater than that of misperceiving an unfriendly move. Through simulation, greater perceptive ability by a player is shown to convey no competitive advantage although it may raise joint payoffs. Further, as the probability of misperceiving an unfriendly move as friendly converges to zero, average returns to the players become negligible. These results' behavioral implications are explored. In labor negotiations, two parties (labor and management) face one another in repeated rounds of negotiations. Further, each round can be modeled as a game of Prisoner's Dilemma [1]. One commonly employed strategy for dealing with games of repeated Prisoner's Dilemma is called "tit-for-tat." The strategy requires that a party initially offer to cooperate with the other for mutual gain, but subsequently to replicate the opponent's move. For example, if management is cooperative in one round of negotiations, then labor would be cooperative in


The designed biopore drill machine uses manual manual hoist / manual crank system that serves to raise and lower the drill bit. Engines that are connected to the drill bit vertically in addition to functioning to rotate the drill bit also serve as a weight so that the drill bit can enter the ground. In addition, the biopori drill machine is made of a rectangle with the aim that the machine at the time of operation becomes steady (not shifted) and the legs are wheeled in order tobe easy to move.around. Biopori drill machine is a modification of existing tools, both variations of the form and additional accessories, with the aim to facilitate the operation, transfer and optimize the work with a relatively low cost and physical fitness of the operator is maintained and safety can be more.secure. This research focuses on designing the shape and size of the machine so that it is easy to operate and transfer, calculating the strength of each  component in accordance with the scientific method and testing the engine performance (the time used to make the hole, the ease, the security in operation and its displacement). The purpose of this study is expected to contribute to science and technology in the form of: to produce a model / prototype in order to enrich khasana appropriate equipment that can be utilized to help the manufacture of biopore holes, improve the quality and quantity of facilities/infrastructure equipm entresear chinstitute sustainable. In designing the build of this biopori drill first collect planning data from several sources namely; information directly in the field, in the form of information about the types of biopori drill, how it is made, how it works, the materials used, the size, the performance of the tools, the price and so forth required as the design data. Apart from field data the data is taken from the literature.


have developed a fundamentally new design of adaptive suspension systems of vehicles. Their technical characteristics and functional abilities are far better than the existing designs of suspensions. We have developed the following main suspension components of vehicles: a lockable adaptive shock absorber with an ultra-wide range of control performance, implementing "lockout" mode by means of blocking adaptive shock absorber, and an elastic element with progressive non-linear characteristic and automatic optimization of localization of work areas. Our patents confirm the novelty and efficiency of our major design decisions. Advantages of our developments in the vehicle suspensions are the following. Firstly, it should be noted that when the vehicle is in a wide range of speeds in a so-called "comfort zone", we were able, by applying the non-linear elastic element, to reduce significantly the stiffness of the elastic suspension elements in compare with the regular structures-at least in two times. Dynamic loads on the crew, passengers, equipment, components and assemblies of the vehicles are reduced in a great extent. Secondly, the stiffness of the non-linear elastic element beyond "comfort zone" is increasing dramatically: first-more than three times in comparison with regular elastic elements; and further increasing of the stiffness of the elastic elements is more than 60 times. In case of usage of the developed designs of the lockable adaptive shock absorbers and the nonlinear elastic elements, the vehicles will be equipped with the suspensions, whose techno-economic indicators surpass in a qualitative sense the world-famous counterparts.


With the science and technology develop constantly, the research of swarm intelligence has aroused great concern of many scholars, including particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm for its advantages of fast convergence, easy to implement, and only a few parameters need to be adjusted are widely used. In this paper, the fuzzy neural network(FNN) based on PSO algorithm have been studied and tested, and applied it to diagnosis the model for fault of gearbox, which is seven inputs and six outputs, and compared the results of diagnosis in the way of fuzzy neural network based on particle swarm optimization(PSO-FNN) with the way of FNN. Obtaining the conclusion that PSO-FNN has better training performance, fast convergence and fewer iterations, better accuracy, good rate of fault identification.


The are few studies of the families Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in green wood in Amazonia. Though these beetles feed on stain fungi, they do demage to the wood by building galeries for growing the fungi. Both families were surveyed in sixteen different tree species from the country of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas. Number of individuals found in each tree species varied considerably. The date are based primarily on the beetles genera Xyleborus and Platypus, both frequent. We show for different tree species that heartwood is more resistant to attack from these families than is sapwood.


Introduction : Tight junctions (TJ) provide a physical barrier against external
insults and although TJs have been extensively assessed in general terms, few
studies have directly addressed the consequence on barrier function following
the disassembly of TJ protein post human rhinovirus (HRV) infection. This
study aimed to assess TJ expression and barrier function prior to and post
HRV infection in well-differentiated cultures of both healthy and asthmatic
epithelium. Methods : Primary airway epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic children
obtained via bronchial brushings and cultured as previously mentioned (Kicic
et al. 2006), were differentiated into air-liquid interface (ALI) and subsequently
infected with HRV-1B over 24 h. Barrier integrity was assessed by protein
expression of occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) via in-cell western (ICW)
and confocal microscopy, while barrier function was assessed via
transepithelial electrical resistance (RT) measurement and a permeability
assay. Results : Semi-quantitative assessment of occludin and ZO-1 protein expression
via confocal microscopy corroborated with ICW findings demonstrating
reduced basal membrane TJ expression in asthmatic compared to healthy
controls. A greater effect on TJ disassembly was observed within the asthmatic
epithelium post infection and this was concurrent with a significant decrease in
RT and a marked increase in transepithelial permeability. Conclusion : This study demonstrated significant differences in basal membrane
TJ protein expression between healthy and asthmatic epithelium, suggesting
intrinsic differences between healthy and mild-asthmatics.
Furthermore, post HRV infection, an exaggerated disassembly in the asthmatic
cohorts, which is concomitant with increased transepithelial permeability suggests
elevated trafficking of small sized aeroallergens into sub-epithelial
space, contributing to asthma exacerbations.


A new way of thinking in urban renewal,together with a set of new policy trends, is promotedin Hong Kong in recent years as a result of the failureof the old urban renewal policy framework whichwas characterized by a fully market-led mechanism,commercialized operation and serious neglect of thesocial dimension of urban renewal. Three key ele-ments can be identified from the new policyframework: the increasing involvement and commit-ments of the public sector in urban renewal, the advo-cacy of a multi-dimensional goal-oriented urban re-newal ideology, and the emphasis on a people-oriented, holistic approach to urban renewal. Withthe constraints of complex socio-economic contextand less-cohesive governing structure, however, thenew policy has yet to demonstrate effectiveness inachieving its ultimate goal and objectives. It is arguedthat the so-called new thinking is currently still asymbolic rhetoric rather than a fundamental systemictransformation.


We present preliminary results of the application of the flux-spline method of finite volumes for the numerical study of separated two-phase flows inside a circular tube. The problem consists in solving the Poisson's problem in the two-phase domain and assuring the continuity of the velocity and stress fields everywhere. Annular and stratified flow patterns of two immiscible viscous fluids are investigated by imposing different interface shapes, e.g. concentric or eccentric circle, arc segment (lunar), chord. The non-orthogonal grid for numerical computations is generated algebraically in curvilinear coordinates for each interface. The flux-spline method is observed to be conceptually superior to standard finite volume methods since it automatically assures the continuity of stress at the interface. Comparisons of the volumetric flow rates calculated by this method with published analytical results using the bi-polar coordinate system are made. The method is shown to be a powerful tool for generic interface shapes.


The objective of this work is to discuss the analysis of forest conservation within the monopolization of land. The Brazilian capitalist development model allows the private ownership of land that remains stable in the hands of a small portion of the population, given this logic imposes itself to the challenge of forest conservation developments expressed in the legislation. In the first chapter, we consider elements of the environmental issue, which was combined with the elements of the agrarian question in Brazil and Parana. At the second chapter the environmental policies are contextualized by recording the changes in the legislation in different temporal clippings to the current change of the Forest Code of 1965, repealed by the law 12.651/12. The third chapter provides a link between the agrarian question and the environmental issue from an accurate cut: the city of Londrina. The sources are secondary and official data obtained from interviews with farmers and institutional mediators, such as the Municipal Secretariat of the Environment, the Environmental Institute of Parana, as well as the geo-referenced information from the districts of Maravilha e Sao Luiz. According to official data of the agricultural census of 2006, the responsible for the establishments stated that there are only 16,829 acres preserved by APP and RL, in fact this number had a weak significance under the Maintenance System, Restoration and Protection of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Forest Reserve (SISLEG) which registered only 9.181.65 hectares divided into RL and APP, this total only 5.345,56 hectares are in legal reserves. It is concluded that the situation of the district doesn´t differ significantly from other scales, being at state or federal level, revealing the dangerous burden to the society attributed by rentier interests that reaffirm the absolute right of ownership, expressed for example, in the regression of the environmental legislation.


1. Roles and Functions of Plant Mineral Nutrients Frans J.M. Maathuis and Eugene Diatloff 2. Plant Growth and Cultivation Dorina Podar 3. Protocols for Growing Plant Symbioses Mycorrhiza Michael Schultze 4. Protocols For Growing Plant Symbioses Hizobia Benjamin Gourion, Marie Bourcy, Viviane Cosson and Pascal Ratet 5. Plant Cell Suspension Cultures Roberto Moscatiello, Barbara Baldan, and Lorella Navazio 6. Soil Analysis using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy Johanna Wetterlind, Bo Stenberg and Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel 7. Mineral Composition Analysis: Measuring Anion Uptake and Anion Concentrations in Plant Tissues Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Saroj Parmar and Peter Buchner 8. Multi-element Plant Tissue Analysis using ICP Spectrometry T.H. Hansen, T.C. de Bang, K.H. Laursen, P. Pedas, S. Husted and J.K. Schjoerring 9. Mapping Element Distributions in Plant Tissues using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Techniques Erica Donner, Martin D. de Jonge, Peter M. Kopittke, and Enzo Lombi 10. Flux Measurements of Cations using Radioactive Tracers D.T. Britto and H.J. Kronzucker 11. Ion Flux Measurements using the MIFE Technique Sergey Shabala, Lana Shabala, Jayakumar Bose, Tracey Cuin, and Ian Newman 12. Sampling and Analysis of Phloem Sap Sylvie Dinant and Julia Kehr 13. Methods for Xylem Sap Collection Alexou M. and Peuke A.D 14. Plant Single Cell Sampling Wieland Fricke 15. Measurements of Cytosolic Ion Concentrations in Live Cells Veena S Anil, Kavitha P G, Sam Kuruvilla, Pavan Kumar and M K Mathew 16. Real Time Measurement of Cytoplasmic Ions with Ion Selective Microelectrodes Anthony J Miller 17. Large Scale Plant Ionomics John M. C. Danku, Brett Lahner, Elena Yakubova, and David E. Salt 18. Applications of High-throughput Plant Phenotyping to Study Nutrient use Efficiency Bettina Berger, Bas de Regt, and Mark Tester


Adaptive evolution strategies without crossover are used to design pre-compensators for linear multivariable plants. Such compensators are required to achieve diagonal-dominant plant transfer function matrices in order to reduce plant interactions as much as possible. The effectiveness of the evolutionary design technique is illustrated by synthesising a multivariable pre-compensator for the Rolls-Royce Spey jet engine.


The existence of a communist party in Germany is forbidden by the constitution. Yet there is one now with sizeable and growing voter support, and nothing can be done about it, much to the consternation of Germany's traditional parties. What is more, being heir to the East German Socialist Unity Party (SED), the PDS (Party of Democratic Socialism), as it renamed itself, possesses financial assets larger than any other political party in Germany. How is that possible?


In the hybrid formulation of string theory on AdS3×S, the compactificationindependent physical spectrum at the first massive level is determined. We find that these states transform in representations of the Lie superalgebra psl(2|2) and present a cohomological characterisation of them within the context of the PSL(2|2) WZW model. We conjecture that a similar cohomological description of the physical states also exists at higher mass levels and give partial evidence for this by comparing our results to the RNS string spectrum.


Magneto-impedance (MI) was measured in amorphous Co66Fe4NiB14Si15 ribbon at 100 kΗz as a function of the magnetizing angle from easy axis. The dip in MI profile appears near Η=0 above the angle of 30°. The values of MI and their dips are increased with the angle, but the magnitude of MI decreased at 90°. The MI was compared with the calculated one using transverse magnetic permeabilities which increased with the angle.


A calculation is made of the optical and electric fields in a thin-film modulator and the dependence of the modulation efficiency on the control voltage is determined. The theoretical results are shown to be in good agreement with experiment. The optimal values of the waveguide thickness and the electrode period are determined for various modes.


Abstract Lateral escape tectonics mediated by strike-slip fault zones are an efficient mechanism of rock deformation in the continental crust of collision zones. The Borborema shear zone system, which shows dimensions comparable to the Cenozoic extrusion of Indochina, defines a lateral escape setting of the Brasilano orogeny in Northeastern Brazil. In this paper, the timing of high-grade metamorphism and compositions of the terranes involved in the shear deformation were investigated. The Patos shear corridor deforms the Siderian to Neoarchean rocks of the Granjeiro Complex that, in turn, form the basement of Serido-Lavras da Mangabeira metapelites. U-Pb zircon ages and Sm-Nd whole-rock isotopic compositions indicate that the 2.80 – 2.35 Ga basement sequences mainly include juvenile material, whereas zircons from synkinematic migmatites indicate that the partial melting occurred in the Late Ediacaran (ca. 565 Ma). Cooling rates provided by 40Ar/39Ar range from 12 to 17°C/Ma, indicating a differential shear zone exhumation, in agreement with a transpressive setting. The presence of allochthonous Siderian sequences dismembered along the shear zone suggests that the Serido-Granjeiro corridor defines a major tectonic boundary connected to the collisional front defined by the convergence of Sao Francisco-Congo and Amazonian cratons.


Research effect of Product Placement Relaxa Candy in Purple Love Movies through Brand Knowledge and Brand Attitude (Studies of Adolescents in the three districts of Jember cities) aims to identify, analyze and prove that the form of Relaxa candy as product placement in Purple Love movie affected brand attitude either directly or indirectly through brand knowledge for adolescents in the three districts of Jember cities. Object of this study were adolescents who had seen the movie shows Purple Love with an age range from 17 to 22 years and residing in the district in particular Jember cities as Patrang, Kaliwates, and Sumbersari. This research is explanatory research that uses the method of survey by distributing questionnaires to the respondents to obtain data and information required. Samples used in this study amounted to 80 respondents using purposive sampling method. From the survey results revealed that the variable product placement has positive and significant impact on brand knowledge and brand attitude. Therefore we can conclude the appearance of a product through media advertising the film a positive influence on the formation of knowledge will be a brand for teenage audiences, but the formation of brand knowledge will not necessarily affect the buying patterns of behavior in these adolescents.


ABSTRACT Using interview and survey data, we argue there are three types of places in the rural United States, and that their social and economic conditions help us understand emerging political trends, including the rural support for Donald Trump. More rural votes were cast for the Republican presidential candidate in 2016 than in other recent elections, yet shifts to Republican votes were greatest in places undergoing the most significant economic transitions. Work in rural communities has been a source of pride and cultural identity for people as well as places, but many feel the new economy is not working for them.


An exact solution for the fields of an unconventional ring head with an inclined gap is derived. The Schwartz-Christoffel transformation is used to determine the distribution on the fringe field components in the gap vicinity, and an analytical field equation is obtained. The transcendental equation of the mapping function is solved using Newton's method. >


The Observatory Spatial Planning (OSP), which is part of the Integrated Project geoland, will generate products and services based on Earth Observation (EO), geo-spatial and statistical data. Among these products urban growth models and scenarios play an important role. This paper discusses the model preparation tasks analysing the regional structure, modifying the already developed model, quantifying the factors and parameters – the model concept and its application and first results for the Rhine Valley region in Vorarlberg, the most western province of Austria. In contrast to typical urban-suburban landscapes with a dominating core city in the centre, the study area consists of several sub centres and a large number of small rural settlements all growing in different ways. Analyses of settlement growth in the Rhine Valley showed that migration is not the major driver for enlargement of residential areas. Other driving forces were identified and a cause-effect-chain was proofed statistically and quantified. The settlement growth model is based on a multi agent system which simulates the allocation decisions of households and companies. Validation of the model is performed by control runs for the past decade comparing model results with corresponding land-use classifications derived from earth observation. The results shown in this paper will focus on the comparison of statistical parameters on the municipal level.


. Conditions are given under which weak persistence of a dynamical system with respect to the boundary of a given set implies uniform persistence.


The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation for an arbitrary potential with position-dependent mass is often solved by the transfer-matrix method. While the usual definition relates wave-function coefficients on two sides of an interface, this article presents an alternative approach, in which a propagation matrix evolves the wave function and its derivative between a pair of points. The formalism is developed without an a priori commitment to a breakdown of the potential into a series of flat, linear, or other types of segments. We obtain a Wick-expansion form for the matrix and also provide a geometrical interpretation based on the SL(2,R) group. Turning to a variably spaced discretized potential we show how this approach can be flexibly applied to any potential segments. We discuss explicitly the case of constant potential and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, as well as the linear potential segment. For the latter, the obtained propagation matrix has definite advantages, from both speed and ro...


A Case of main pulmonary artery aneurysm in a 9-year-old boy with patent ductus arteriosus is presented. In this case presented with a huge mass density on the chest X-ray, radionuclide cardiac angiography showed a vascular lesion, which was confirmed as an aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery at roentgenologic angiogram. The aneurysm appeared following an episode of bacterial endocarditis and pulmonary hypertension. A successful aneurysmectomy with multiple ligation of ductus arteriosus was performed.


Evaluation of protected area management in Australia has been driven by public sector reporting requirements and concern to improve management performance. This review of the status of management evaluation in large protected area management agencies reveals considerable variability in effort applied to evaluation, with emphasis being given to context and planning for management and outcomes of management as it affects valued resources. Agencies have largely adopted best practice principles in making assessments, but are not comprehensive in assessing all parts of the management cycle. The current emphasis may serve reporting requirements, but does not provide information and links that can assist in identifying the factors that affect achievement (or otherwise) of desired management outcomes. This constrains capacity to adopt an adaptive management approach to park management based on management effectiveness evaluations.


Cookies are a pastry product that is popular and favored by all circles of society. The characteristics of cookies are crunchy texture, brittle, dry, brownish yellow, has a distinctive aroma, savory and also sweet. Basically, cat's tongue cookies are made from flour, the selection of the best factors starting from the color, texture, aroma and taste of cat's tongue cookies made from temple banana flour is able to replace flour as a basic ingredient with the aim of adding diversification of pastry products based on the availability of food ingredients. This study aims to determine the difference between chemical properties (carbohydrate, protein, fiber, moisture content, ash content) and physical properties (breakability and color). This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) in the manufacture of cookies made from 100% temple banana flour and 100% wheat flour. Data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-test.The results of the analysis of chemical properties (carbohydrates, protein, fiber, moisture content, ash content) showed that there was a significant difference while for the water content there was no significant difference. The chemical properties of the carbohydrate content of cookies made from Candi banana flour are 73.31%, protein content is 11.58%, fiber content is 0.65%, water content is 3.84%, ash content is 1.84%. The results of the analysis of physical properties (broken strength, color brightness level (L), reddish level color a(+) showed a significant difference while at yellow level color b(+) there was no significant difference, physical test of cat's tongue cookies made from temple banana flour for fracture strength 0.0060kgf/cm2, color brightness level (L) 67.12%, reddish level color a(+) 3.80%, and yellowish level color b(+) 31.10%.


A metamaterial-based omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna array with combined zero-phase-shift line loop and dipole is presented for 2.4-GHz wireless local area networks. A four-element linear antenna array with an overall size of 66 mm × 66 mm × 258 mm shows desirable performance over the frequency range of 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz with |S11| less than -10 dB, gain greater than 4.6 dBic, axial ratio less than 3 dB.


From the most ancient times, the Roman military camps were planned according to a certain ideal pattern that was also applied to the coloniae, the outposts established in the territories conquered by Rome. The planning of castra and colonies was based on a chessboard of parallel streets, the main of them being the Decumanus. Probably, some Decumani were oriented to confer a symbolic meaning to the place too. Here we discuss the distinctive layout of a castrum in the Roman Britannia, the Hardknott Fort, and its orientation to the solstices.


The recent technology of intelligent systems is using multiple sensors to assess real-time information of the internal system states and the environmental operating conditions. In the case of sensor (s) transient faults, the disconnection of the readings causes inappropriate actions. So the need for sensor fault detecting and estimating multiple sensor faults becomes an important issue to optimize and enhance the system performance. In this paper, fault detection prediction analysis of multi-sensor architecture is introduced to study different number of sensors with different arrangement architectures and to detect transient faults in each sensor. Then, a new proposed pseudo sensor enhancement method (PSEM) is presented and investigated to isolate and compensate for the transient faults. The simulation results of different sensor architecture configurations without and with applying the PSEM have been obtained and analyzed to demonstrate the enhancement in operational performance of the proposed method to meet the requirements for multiple sensor intelligent systems.


This paper reviews recent advances in 1.55-/spl mu/m photonic systems for measurement and sensors covering the frequency range from microwaves to millimeter waves. We first deal with the basic technologies for photonic measurement, i.e., generation, transmission, and detection of high-frequency signals, and then discuss recent practical applications, including high-speed integrated-circuit probers, sampling oscilloscopes, network analyzers, and some free-space sensing systems.


The aim of this study it was to evaluate the use of irrigating solution used during root canal preparation on the adhesive cementation of prefabricated fiberglass pins. The bond strength between different regions of the root and the fiberglass pins cemented into the root canal were evaluated by push-out assay. For this study, 36 human teeth were used, all equally prepared. The irrigating solutions used for biomechanical preparation were: saline solution, sodium hypochlorite 2,5% and glycolic extract of salvia 20%. The dual cure resin cement was used for cementation of pins. After cementation, specimens were sectioned to give 3 slices of approximately 2 mm each (cervical, middle and apical), which were submitted to mechanical push-out test. Were performed ANOVA and Tukey's test with a significance level of 5%, for the analysis of mechanical test. Comparing the thirds we observed that the only solution that presented statistical difference in the bond strength was sodium hypochlorite, which showed higher values for the middle and apical third compared with the cervical third, but when compared without taking into consideration the dental thirds, solutions studied showed no differences in bond strength. Therefore, it was concluded that the solutions studied can Kanaan C, Ponomavenco J Influência do uso de hipocloritode sódio 2,5% e extrato glicólico de sálvia 20% durante o preparo biomecânico sobre a resistência adesiva de retentores intraradiculares: avaliação através do teste de push-out.* 8 be used during endodontic treatment without causing harmful effects on the final adhesive restoration.


Persian complex predicates are two-part verbal constructions comprised ofa non-verbal element and a semantically bleached light verb. A heavy verb such as Persian xordcen means 'to ingest' (as in food or drink), whereas its light verb counterpart has abstract or bleached semantics; in this case, light verb xordcen denotes collision, negative encounters, and other involuntary reception or involvement of an object to a subject. In this paper, we discuss some of the major issues in the field of Persian complex predicates: (1) their compositionality, (2) their idiomaticity, and (3) the hybrid structure or double analyzability of the nominal nonverbal element. We come to these issues with the aim of showing how an approach that focuses on language as a practical tool based on human perspective and experience can yield more accurate interpretations of the various and innumerable linguistic phenomena available for study. SECTION


A two-segment InGaAsP rib waveguide photodetector is shown to function as a high resolution wavelength monitor in the 1.55-/spl mu/m spectral region. For two in-line detector elements, the ratio of photocurrents produced is a sensitive function of the input wavelength near the material's absorption edge. This ratio varies rapidly with wavelength over a range from 1.53 to 1.565 /spl mu/m and is independent of the optical input power. By utilizing the quantum confined Stark effect, the operating range of the device can be extended to over 50 nm. An average wavelength sensitivity of 3 pm is demonstrated.


This thesis introduces the concept of p-vectors and p-arrays, which are algebraic constructions based on multiplicative arithmetic functions and prime numbers. With these concepts we construct several algebraic structures which allows us also to make a proposal for a public key encryption protocol. This public key encryption protocol, which we call p-array public key encryption protocol is a public-private key encryption system that allows the users to encrypt and decrypt messages of vectorial structure whose components are non negative integers upperly bounded. Along this work we present several of the theorems and lemmas that allow us to make the proof of correctness of the aforedmentioned protocol, and also to discuss some of the attacks that could potentially provide information of the private key to anyone performing them on the proposed algorithm.


This article is a case study of Contra Vision, a UK based SME, which has successfully encountered infringement of its patents in order to obtain significant economic returns from the innovations. The experiences of Roland Hill, Founder and Managing Director of Contra Vision Ltd., are discussed so as to know how to adopt an effective intellectual asset strategy to reap benefits and ensure success for the organisation.


Meso- and macroporous silicon is widely studied for several applications in photovoltaic devices. We investigate macroporous silicon as an absorber for thin-film silicon solar cells. Here we review the progress of our work. We demonstrate the separation of 85 × 85 mm2-sized macroporous silicon layer from a monocrystalline n-type Cz silicon wafer. The measured optical absorption of a 26 μm thick macroporous silicon layer allows for a short-circuit current density of 37.6 mA cm-2. We measure an effective carrier lifetime of up to (38.8 ± 3.9) μs for (33 ± 2) μm thick surface passivated macroporous silicon layer. We use an analytical model to determine average surface recombination velocity S= (10 ± 2) cm s-1 for the MacPSi layer. We prepare macroporous silicon heterojunction solar cells with an energy-conversion efficiency of 7.2 %.


In a continuum dislocation dynamics (CDD) formulation by Xia and El-Azab (2015 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 23 055009), dislocations are represented by a set of vector density fields, one per crystallographic slip systems. The space-time evolution of these densities is obtained by solving a set of dislocation transport equations coupled with crystal mechanics. Here, we present an approach for incorporating dislocation annihilation and junction reactions into the dislocation transport equations. These reactions consume dislocations and result in nothing as in the annihilation reactions, or produce new dislocations of different types as in the case of junction reactions. Collinear annihilation, glissile junctions, and sessile junctions are particularly emphasized here. A generalized energy-based criterion for junction reactions is established in terms of the dislocation density and Burgers vectors of the reacting species, and the reaction rate terms for junction reactions are formulated in terms of the dislocation densities. In order to illustrate how the dislocation network changes as a result of junction formation and annihilation in a CDD setting, we present some numerical examples focusing on the reactions processes themselves. The results show that our modeling approach is able to capture the respective dislocation network changes associated with dislocation reactions in FCC crystals: dislocations of opposite line directions encountering each other on collinear slip systems annihilate to connect the dislocations on the two slip systems, glissile junctions form on new slip system behave like Frank–Read sources, and sessile junctions form and expand along the intersection of the slip planes of the reacting dislocation species. A collective-dynamics test showing the frequency of occurrence of junctions of different types relative to each other is also presented.


In the left-right symmetric models, a heavy charged gauge boson $W'$ can decay to a lepton and a right-handed neutrino (RHN). If the neutrino masses are generated through the standard type-I seesaw mechanism, the Yukawa couplings controlling two-body decays of the RHN become very small. As a result, the RHN decays to another lepton and a pair of jets via an off-shell $W'$. This is the basis of the Keung-Senjanovi\'{c} (KS) process, which was originally proposed as a probe of lepton number violation at the LHC. However, if a different mechanism like the inverse seesaw generates the neutrino masses, a TeV-scale RHN can have large Yukawa couplings and hence dominantly decay to a lepton and a $W$ boson, leading to a kinematically different process from the KS one. We investigate the prospect of this unexplored process as a probe of the inverse seesaw mechanism in the left-right symmetric models at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Our signal arises from the Drell-Yan production of a $W'$ and leads to two high-$p_T$ same-flavour-opposite-sign leptons and a boosted $W$-like fatjet in the final state. We find that a sequential $W'$ with mass up to $\sim 6$~TeV along with a TeV-scale RHN can be discovered at the HL-LHC.


Aero‐allergens, such as house dust mite (HDM), have been suggested to play a role in the initiation of atopic dermatitis (AD)‐related skin inflammation. Here, we analysed the proliferation and the cytokine expression of blood‐derived T cells from AD and healthy individuals upon HDM‐allergen stimulation. The proliferating cells from healthy individuals and AD patients had a significantly different, distinct cytokine profile: in AD blood, we found increased frequencies of HDM‐reactive IL‐31‐producing T cells, as well as a decreased Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratio, suggesting that allergen‐specific T cells in blood of chronic AD patients are subject to pre‐existent Th2‐Tc2 and "Th31‐Tc31" programming.


As the unveiling beauty spot of leisure landscape is changing rapidly with the widespread and ongoing vicissitudes in tourism and hospitality management globally, this sector is now navigating a fine line between nature- based and nurture-built tourism which can contribute in any country's economic development. With the core issues of choices of new generation, destination promotion, marketing and smart city involvement, the majority of the countries are now going to adopt a long-term, strategic approach to event tourism, thereby planning and development to realize the full tourism potential of events. This study set to determine the effectiveness of various pattern of spending on tourism, the size of tourism consumption, capital investment on this sector and the like factors those are resourcefully contributing to the countries' growth measured in terms of GDP and Employment. This study is mainly focused on benchmarking the performance and economic impacts of the forty-nine countries in securing their ranks during three period of time from 2010 to 2018 in the tourism industry, especially in Asian countries. The findings evidently explored a wide range of optimization issues and segregated the Asian countries as efficient, relatively efficient, and inefficient in terms of their contribution from tourism and hospitality to the respective country's GDP and Employment. This country specific insights on tourism offers a unique view that can help bridge the gap between research and practice in assessing the efficiency of inbound tourism globally.


This article examines the application of the principles of natural justice in the context of school suspension hearings. As a Community Law Centre actively involved in the representation of children and young people at School Board of Trustee hearings we feel a growing sense of unease at the all-too common lack of compliance with the most basic principles of natural justice in these proceedings, the consequences of which are so significant for the lives of the children, young people and families involved. The purpose of this article is not to attack the goodwill and positive intentions of schools or Board of Trustee members, nor is it to understate the skill which those involved bring to their positions or to suggest that young people should not be responsible for their actions. Rather the article aims to identify procedural deficiencies in school suspension hearings which, as a provider of free legal information, advice and representation to children and young people involved in these proceedings, we believe we are in a credible position to observe.


Fixation is an important step in the process of tea processing. This research discussed effects of two fixation methods(Steaming and stir fixation) for selenium-enriched Matcha through sensory evaluation,chemical composition,color,aroma and taste of the fingerprint. The results showed that the content of Steaming fixation for selenium-enriched Matcha such as water extract,tea polyphenol,Se,K,Mg,P and other mineral elements were significantly higher than that of Stir fixation. While nutrient composition content of Stir fixation,including amino acid,caffeine contents,soluble protein,was slightly higher than that of Steaming fixation;Steaming fixation of color evaluation showed that it be more chartreuse. Analysis of aroma characteristic fingerprint of principal component analysis(PCA) and discriminant function analysis could well distinguish the two fixation methods.Electronic nose results showed that Steaming fixation might be conducive to formation sulfide component.Electronic tongue could be effectively distinguished quality characteristics of different fixation ways. Sensory evaluation showed that the scores of steaming fixation significantly higher( p = 0. 001) than the other one.Therefore,fixation method for selenium-enriched Matcha leaded to different results,such as physical and chemical component content of selenium enriched green tea color,aroma,taste and character. The steaming fixation had good characteristics sensory quality,which could be better fixed selenium,tea polyphenols,total sugar and other major nutrients and aroma,so it could be used as measures of selenium-enriched tea to improve machining quality.


The 2020 worldwide pandemic signaled the COVID-19 crisis as a real threat and forced K-12 schools to move teaching and learning from face-to-face classrooms to online virtual classrooms. Educators searched for a silver lining amid the hardships created by the virtual teaching and learning environments. This chapter answers an important question: How has the knowledge that teachers need for teaching changed as a result of School Lockdown 2020-2021? Analysis of the chapters in this book in addition to extensive qualitative observations of two middle school virtual computer science classrooms over six months identified two important lessons needing consideration when requiring K-12 virtual instruction: (1) teachers' knowledge for teaching requires developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge for teaching in both face-to-face and virtual contexts, and (2) teaching virtually relies on a social presence that assures students' sense of belonging to engage in virtual learning experiences.


A constitutive equation of flow stress based on the Norton-Hoff equation has been developed for the high chromium and nitrogen containing super duplex stainless steel, ZERON® 100 (UNS S32760). This was then used to model, using the finite element method, the strain distribution within a uniaxial compression test under typical two-phase forging conditions. Predictions from the model were used to correlate deformation history to microstructure morphology. The microstructure consisted of austenite, γ islands (both primary and secondary) within a ferrite, δ matrix that contained chromium nitride precipitates. For deformation temperatures of 1050°C and 1120°C, the small secondary austenite was equiaxed, whilst at 1280°C the secondary austenite exhibited a Widmanstätten morphology. The highest level of nitride precipitation occurred at the highest deformation temperatures, i.e. highest volume fraction of ferrite, independent of strain rate. This suggests that nitride precipitation appears to be driven to a greater extent by thermal factors than deformation substructure.


Genomic transcriptional processes rely heavily on the combinatorial binding of transcription factors on the upstream regions of genes. Analysis and complete characterization of such 'regulatory' regions can unlock the door to the understanding of regulatory and transcriptional mechanisms. Such analysis is usually based on the prediction of transcription factor binding site (TFBS) hits on non-coding regions. To improve the prediction of TFBS hits, phylogeneticfootprinting is generally employed. Here we propose a method that combines sequence comparison and scanning with TFBS hits to generate simultaneously annotated alignments. The hope is that simultaneous alignment and annotation can result in an improved specificity.


The system guides and holds a main drive for the tool. Two parallel spaced side walls (1,1') each have inner spaced parallel guides (2), in which two bridge supports (4) of the co-ordinate moving mechanism are held and guided along an axis. The bridge supports have additional guides (5) that are arranged in pairs opposite and inside the side walls and at right angles to them. A sleeve for the tool drive is guided and held in a cross part (3) in the additional guides.


The invention relates to a method for controlling a vehicle having an internal combustion engine, an automatic temporary stop of the engine is performed in prior stages of the vehicle, characterized in that the number of automatically carried out shutdowns of the engine detected and when exceeding a predetermined allowable number of the automatic shutdown the engine is temporarily disabled. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out such a method.


Differential equations with discontinuous right hand sides enable modeling and analysis of control systems with switching elements at a high level of abstraction. Solutions of these differential equations are based on the Filippov, Utkin or similar solution concepts. These solution concepts are in general inconvenient for modeling and verification using formal languages, because they lead to ambiguities in differential algebraic equations. This paper introduces convex equations to avoid such ambiguities in formal languages. Convex equations integrate the functionality of the Filippov solution concept with much of the Utkin solution concept in general differential algebraic equations. A formal semantics of convex equations is given, and an example model is specified using a combined discrete-event/continuous-time formalism.


Extending on ideas of Lewin, Lieb, and Seiringer [Phys. Rev. B 100, 035127 (2019)], we present a modified "floating crystal" trial state for jellium (also known as the classical homogeneous electron gas) with density equal to a characteristic function. This allows us to show that three definitions of the jellium energy coincide in dimensions d ≥ 2, thus extending the result of Cotar and Petrache ["Equality of the Jellium and uniform electron gas next-order asymptotic terms for Coulomb and Riesz potentials," arXiv: 1707.07664 (2019)] and Lewin, Lieb, and Seiringer [Phys. Rev. B 100, 035127 (2019)] that the three definitions coincide in dimension d ≥ 3. We show that the jellium energy is also equivalent to a "renormalized energy" studied in a series of papers by Serfaty and others, and thus, by the work of Bétermin and Sandier [Constr. Approximation 47, 39–74 (2018)], we relate the jellium energy to the order n term in the logarithmic energy of n points on the unit 2-sphere. We improve upon known lower bounds for this renormalized energy. Additionally, we derive formulas for the jellium energy of periodic configurations. © 2021 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0053494


The central distinguishing feature of Ernest Gellner's most important treatment of nationalism is the proposition that nationalism is necessary for industrial society. Relatively little attention has been paid to the philosophical dimension of this proposition. The question of necessity in social explanation, however, is a complicated philosophical problem and must be dealt with directly if this proposition is to be endorsed. I argue that Gellner's argument is philosophically flawed. The 'ordinary prose' of Nations and Nationalism fails to deliver what Gellner claims to have delivered: the demonstration of a necessary connection between nationalism and industrial society. This result is of particular relevance given Gellner's philosophical interests.


According to the requirement of the MEMS test, a MEMS testing system using computer microvision was developed. This is a typical optical, mechanical, electronic and calculated integral system and can be applied to the geometry and dynamic measurement of MEMS microstructure. A high measure accuracy can be achieved with the sub pixel location. The system has been shown flexible, expandable and significantly faster and simpler testing methods through the application in MEMS devices, so it is of relatively high engineering application value.


The optimization of high speed channel demands more challenging tasks such as estimating the noise from the interaction between signal nets and power nets, assessing the on-chip power delivery network (PDN) effectiveness, and including the power delivery (PD) to signal coupling noise into the channel budget. However, even just identifying what to optimize in high-speed channel is difficult task, and obtaining meaningful parameters including interaction between signal integrity and power integrity is more challenging. The proposed analysis method employs accurate and more effective ways to find controllable parameters to optimize the channel response for the best performance in the high speed channel considering both signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) interactions by utilizing response decomposition in the time domain with worst case pattern consideration.


The present investigation is concerned with the numerical modeling of the turbulent flow in a narrow gap Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) system.


To better understand the relationship between active, segmented precision reflectors and manufacturing and alignment errors, a FORTRAN routine has been written for the Precision Segmented Reflector (PSR) and Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) programs that simulates these errors and provides optical path difference (OPD ) input for CODE V TM through the 'ADD' option in the pupil map and point spread function features. Diffraction analysis,including point spread function and encircled energy can then be performed. The manufacturing errors are input for each segment in terms of 37 Zernike terms whose origin is the segment's center. Alignment errors are input for each segment in terms of the six degrees of freedom, dx, dy,dz, α,β, γ. Angles are defined with respect to the segments center. The program works in two modes. The first mode simply looks at the effects that the errors have on image quality without any compensating parameters. The second mode uses three degrees of freedom to help compensate for the effects of the other errors. In this mode, dz, α and β are used to minimize the sag difference between the real and ideal parabolic surface to insure proper phasing of all mirror segments. This paper discusses the methodology and results of this endeavor.


A monotonic implicit finite-difference scheme is used to develop a numerical method for three-dimensional steady flows of steam undergoing nonequilibrium phase transitions. The potential of the method is demonstrated by computing spontaneously condensing steam flows in the guides and rotors of steam turbines. The results obtained are compared with experimental findings presented elsewhere.


This paper presents a method for locating the points where most likely joints between successive characters within a word occur. The proposed method, whose basic assumptions follow from handwriting generation studies, relies upon a set of morphological criteria applied to both the ligatures and the terminal regions of successive characters in order to decide the most appropriate position for the segmentation points. It does not exploit any temporal information, but rather it manipulates shape information, thus is suitable for both online and off-line handwriting processing. An experimental procedure, adopted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm without using any classification method, is also introduced.


A two-step authentication system and method are provided for secure authentication that implements highly secure access to secure areas or resources with disabling the access when the main passcode is compromised. A user, after successfully passing through the passcode of the first-step verification stage, is asked to input an additional secret and presumably easy memorezible code (a pin, second password), or recognize an image for authentication (from a generated set). If during this second-step the user entered information fails to match the correct secret code, then the system sends signal message on intrusion to the user or other designated authorities through a communication device (e.g., email or telephone message) and the access is disabled immediately or after a few permitted attempts. Such authentication, while providing better security and user experience, does not require the usual practice of disabling the access, when the first-step access required information (such as complex alphanumeric password) is entered with errors in repeated access attempts.